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Kumar K, M MS, Kumar P, Munjal R, Mukhopadhyay S, Mondal DP, Khan MA, Vandana V. Detection of water pollutants using super-hydrophobic porous silicon-based SERS substrates. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:357. [PMID: 38814503 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Super hydrophobic porous silicon surface is prepared using a wet chemical synthesis route. Scanning electron microscopic investigation confirms a correlation between pore size and reaction time. SERS substrates are prepared by silver nanoparticle deposition on porous silicon surface. They exhibit excellent characteristics in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, and uniformity. They could detect rhodamine 6G in femtomolar range with SERS enhancement factor of ~ 6.1 × 1012, which is best ever reported for these substrates. Molecule-specific sensing of water pollutants such as methylene blue, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos, is demonstrated for concentrations well below their permissible limits along with excellent enhancement factors. Porous silicon substrate functionalized with Ag nanoparticles demonstrates to be a promising candidate for low-cost, long-life, reliable sensors for environmental conservation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshendra Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Mohd Shafeeq M
- Alloy Composites and Cellular Materials Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Pradip Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Ritika Munjal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Dehi Pada Mondal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Alloy Composites and Cellular Materials Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Mohd Akram Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Vandana Vandana
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials Division, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India.
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Conejo-Bolaños LD, Mora AM, Hernández-Bonilla D, Cano JC, Menezes-Filho JA, Eskenazi B, Lindh CH, van Wendel de Joode B. Prenatal current-use pesticide exposure and children's neurodevelopment at one year of age in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118222. [PMID: 38272290 PMCID: PMC11065598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure may affect young children's neurodevelopment, but only few cohort studies have addressed possible effects of non-organophosphate pesticides. OBJECTIVE We evaluated associations between prenatal current-use pesticide exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes among 1-year-old children from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort. METHODS To determine prenatal pesticide exposure, we measured biomarkers of pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, and 2,4-D in urine samples among 355 women, 1-3 times during pregnancy. One-year post-partum, we evaluated children's neurodevelopment with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (BSID-III). We assessed associations between exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes (composite and z-scores) using single-chemical linear regression models adjusted for possible confounders (maternal education, parity, sex, gestational age at birth, child age, HOME-score, location of assessment, biomarkers of mancozeb), and studied effect-modification by sex. We evaluated non-linear associations of multiple pesticide exposures with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS We found higher prenatal urinary 2,4-D concentrations were associated with lower language (βper ten-fold increase = -2.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = -3.5, -0.5) and motor (βper ten-fold increase = -2.2, 95 %CI = -4.2, -0.1) composite scores among all children. Also, higher chlorpyrifos exposure [measured as urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)] was associated with lower cognitive composite scores (βper ten-fold increase = -1.9, 95 %CI = -4.7, 0.8), and lower motor composite scores among boys (βper ten-fold increase = -3.8, 95 % CI = -7.7, 0.1) but not girls (βper ten-fold increase = 2.3, 95 %CI = -1.6, 6.3, pINT = 0.11). Finally, higher pyrimethanil was associated with lower language abilities among girls, but not boys. Pyrethroid metabolite concentrations did not explain variability in BSID-III composite scores. Associations were similar for BSID-III z-scores, and we found no evidence for non-linear associations or mixture effects. DISCUSSION Prenatal exposure to common-use pesticides may affect children's neurodevelopment at 1-year of age, some effects may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Diego Conejo-Bolaños
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Childhood and Adolescence (INEINA), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ana M Mora
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California at Berkeley, United States
| | | | - Juan Camilo Cano
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n Campus, Universitário de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California at Berkeley, United States
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
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Normann SS, Beck IH, Nielsen F, Andersen MS, Bilenberg N, Jensen TK, Andersen HR. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos and IQ in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107352. [PMID: 38636567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates and pyrethroids are two major groups of insecticides used for crop protection worldwide. They are neurotoxicants and exposure during vulnerable windows of brain development may have long-term impact on human neurodevelopment. Only few longitudinal studies have investigated associations between prenatal exposure to these substances and intelligence quotient (IQ) at school age in populations with low, mainly dietary, exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between maternal urinary concentrations of insecticide metabolites at gestational week 28 and IQ in offspring at 7-years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was derived from the Odense Child Cohort (OCC). Metabolites of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and pyrethroids (3-PBA, cis- and trans-DCCA, 4-F-3PBA, cis-DBCA) were measured in maternal urine collected at gestational week (GW) 28. An abbreviated version of the Danish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V) consisting of four subtests to estimate full scale IQ (FSIQ) was administered by trained psychologists. Data were analyzed by use of multiple linear regression and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS 812 mother/child-pairs were included. Median concentrations were 0.21 μg/L for 3-PBA, 1.67 μg/L for TCPy and the mean IQ for children were 99.4. Null association between maternal 3-PBA and child IQ at 7 years was seen, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. There was a significant association for maternal TCPy and child IQ at mid-level exposure. Trans-DCCA above the level of detection (LOD) was also associated with slightly lower child IQ, but the association was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant associations between maternal 3-PBA metabolites and child IQ at 7 years, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. A non-significant trend between maternal TCPy exposure and child IQ in 7-year-children was seen even in this low exposed population. Given the widespread exposure and increasing use of insecticides, this should be elaborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Søgaard Normann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Iben Have Beck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; OPEN Patient data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Khan KM, Gaine ME, Daniel AR, Chilamkuri P, Rohlman DS. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure from house dust and parent-reported child behavior in Latino children from an orchard community. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:29-36. [PMID: 38453034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposure is known to have adverse effects on the nervous system. Children from agricultural communities are at risk of exposure to these chemicals from their indoor environments that can lead to neurological and developmental problems, including changes in behavior. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the take-home pathway exposure is associated with behavioral and emotional problems in Latino Orchid Community children. METHOD The study was implemented over a period of two years (2008-2010) in an orchard farming community with a total of 324 parents who had children between the ages of 5-12 years old. Mothers of the children were asked to complete the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and dust from their carpets was collected. Emotional and behavioral deficits were assessed based on the CBCL and house dust was assessed for OP concentrations. In this study, correlations between OPs in house dust and CBCL subscales were estimated using linear regression models with total OP concentrations classified by tertiles. This study also facilitated the comparison between the agricultural and non-agricultural families in terms of behavioral deficits and house dust concentrations of pesticides. RESULTS The data from the study shows that there was a positive association between the concentration of OP residues in house dust and internalizing behavior (β=2.06, p=0.05) whereas the association with externalizing behavior was not significant after accounting for sociocultural covariates. Significant positive associations of OP residues with somatic problems (p=0.02) and thought problems (p=0.05) were also found. CONCLUSION The data support a potential role of OP exposure in childhood development, with a specific focus on internalizing behavior. Future work focused on longitudinal studies may uncover the long-term consequences of OP exposure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1901 Ave I, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics (PSET), College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 546 CPB, 180 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alyssa R Daniel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics (PSET), College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 546 CPB, 180 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pavani Chilamkuri
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1901 Ave I, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, S143 CPHB 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Dimitrov LV, Kaminski JW, Holbrook JR, Bitsko RH, Yeh M, Courtney JG, O'Masta B, Maher B, Cerles A, McGowan K, Rush M. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chemical Exposures and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:225-248. [PMID: 38108946 PMCID: PMC11132938 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain chemicals prenatally and in childhood can impact development and may increase risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Leveraging a larger set of literature searches conducted to synthesize results from longitudinal studies of potentially modifiable risk factors for childhood ADHD, we present meta-analytic results from 66 studies that examined the associations between early chemical exposures and later ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the chemical exposure occurred at least 6 months prior to measurement of ADHD diagnosis or symptomatology. Included papers were published between 1975 and 2019 on exposure to anesthetics (n = 5), cadmium (n = 3), hexachlorobenzene (n = 4), lead (n = 22), mercury (n = 12), organophosphates (n = 7), and polychlorinated biphenyls (n = 13). Analyses are presented for each chemical exposure by type of ADHD outcome reported (categorical vs. continuous), type of ADHD measurement (overall measures of ADHD, ADHD symptoms only, ADHD diagnosis only, inattention only, hyperactivity/impulsivity only), and timing of exposure (prenatal vs. childhood vs. cumulative), whenever at least 3 relevant effect sizes were available. Childhood lead exposure was positively associated with ADHD diagnosis and symptoms in all analyses except for the prenatal analyses (odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.60 to 2.62, correlation coefficients (CCs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.16). Other statistically significant associations were limited to organophosphates (CC = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.19 for continuous measures of ADHD outcomes overall), polychlorinated biphenyls (CC = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.14 for continuous measures of inattention as the outcome), and both prenatal and childhood mercury exposure (CC = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.04 for continuous measures of ADHD outcomes overall for either exposure window). Our findings provide further support for negative impacts of prenatal and/or childhood exposure to certain chemicals and raise the possibility that primary prevention and targeted screening could prevent or mitigate ADHD symptomatology. Furthermore, these findings support the need for regular review of regulations as our scientific understanding of the risks posed by these chemicals evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina V Dimitrov
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca H Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Yeh
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph G Courtney
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
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Riley KW, Guo J, Wang S, Factor-Litvak P, Miller RL, Andrews H, Hoepner LA, Margolis AE, Rauh V, Rundle A, Perera F, Herbstman JB. Cohort Profile: The Mothers and Newborns (MN) Cohort of the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae011. [PMID: 38327188 PMCID: PMC10850846 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie W Riley
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Liu D, Yan S, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren S. Association of prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances with childhood neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115939. [PMID: 38211513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have shown an association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconsistent. We summarize studies on the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and neurodevelopment in children in order to better understand the relationship. OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis of prenatal PFAS exposure and developmental outcomes associated with intellectual, executive function and behavioral difficulty in children to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. METHODS We searched for articles published up to August 3, 2023, included and quantified original studies on PFAS and child Intelligence Quotient (IQ), executive function and behavioral difficulty during pregnancy, and systematically summarized articles that could not be quantified. CONCLUSION There is evidence of sex-specific relationship between PFAS exposure and children's PIQ. We found that PFOS [β = -1.56, 95% CI = -2.96, - 0.07; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFOA [β = -1.87, 95% CI = -3.29, - 0.46; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFHxS [β = -2.02, 95% CI = -3.23, - 0.81; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] decreased performance IQ in boys, but PFOS [β = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.06, 3.06; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] increased performance IQ in girls. PFAS are associated with executive function impairments in children, but not related to behavioral difficulty in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuping Ren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Fage-Larsen B, Andersen HR, Wesselhoeft R, Larsen PV, Dalsager L, Nielsen F, Rauh V, Bilenberg N. Exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid insecticides and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool children from the Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117679. [PMID: 37980991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder with severe and lifelong impact on mental health and socioeconomic achievements. Environmental factors may play a role in the increasing incidens rates. Previous studies on associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD symptoms have yielded mixed findings. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids and ADHD symptoms in 5-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Spot urine samples from pregnant women in gestational week 28 (n = 614) and offspring at 5 years of age (n = 814) were collected and analyzed for the specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos, TCPY (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol), as well as the generic pyrethroid metabolite, 3-PBA (3-phenoxybenzoic acid). Offspring ADHD symptoms were assessed at age 5 years using the parent reported "ADHD scale" from the "Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5" (n = 1114). Associations between insecticide exposure variables and an ADHD score ≥90th percentile were analyzed using logistic regression for all children and stratified by sex. RESULTS Most pregnant women had detectable concentrations of 3-PBA (93%) and TCPY (91%) with median concentrations of 0.20 μg/L and 1.62 μg/L, respectively. In children, 3-PBA and TCPY concentrations were detectable in 88% and 82% of the samples, and the median concentrations were 0.17 and 1.16 μg/L. No statistically significant associations were observed between insecticide metabolites and an ADHD score ≥90th percentile at age 5. CONCLUSION In this relatively large Danish birth cohort study with mainly low dietary insecticide exposure, we found no statistically significant associations between prenatal or childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos or pyrethroids, and excess ADHD-symptom load, in 5-year-old children. Prospective studies with multiple urine samples across vulnerable windows of neurodevelopment is warranted to improve assessment of safe exposure levels, which is particularly relevant for pyrethroids, since their use is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Fage-Larsen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Rikke Wesselhoeft
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Dalsager
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Population and Family Health at the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Larose J, Bienvenu JF, Bélanger P, Gaudreau É, Yu Y, Guise DM. New sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 13 phenolic and carboxylic acid pesticide biomarkers in human urine, including dicamba. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140349. [PMID: 37827463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization in 2016 of genetically engineered seeds tolerant to dicamba and/or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has caused a rapid increase in the use of these herbicides. New questions about the reproductive and chronic health effects of long-term exposure to these herbicides have been raised. To assess exposure to dicamba and other pesticides of interest in the Heartland Study, a birth cohort study based in the United States, a new analytical method was needed. The present study describes the development and validation of this new solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that detects simultaneously 13 pesticides or their metabolites in 250 μL of urine. More specifically, the method allows the analysis of dicamba, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), which are herbicides, of malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), para-nitrophenol (PNP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (DEAMPY) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPY), which are metabolites of organophosphate insecticides, and finally of cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA) and cis-3-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA), which are metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids insecticides. The method was validated under ISO/IEC 17025 guidance. The limit of detection (LOD) in urine samples was 0.10 μg/L for dicamba, while the LOD for other analytes ranged between 0.0038 μg/L and 0.091 μg/L. Accuracy was evaluated by analyzing samples from two External Quality Assessment Schemes, namely G-EQUAS and OSEQAS. Preliminary results obtained following the analysis of 91 urine samples taken from pregnant women enrolled in the Heartland Study are presented here. This method is suitable for human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Larose
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Bienvenu
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Patrick Bélanger
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David M Guise
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. The susceptibility of humans to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental toxicities caused by organophosphorus pesticides. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3037-3060. [PMID: 37787774 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicology field is concerned with the impact of organophosphorus (OP) compounds on human health. These compounds have been linked to an increased risk of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This article aims to review studies on the role of OP compounds in developing these neurological disorders and explore how genetic variations can affect susceptibility to the neurotoxicity of these pesticides. Studies have shown that exposure to OP compounds can lead to the development of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, intellectual disability, and other developmental neurotoxicities. Apart from inhibiting the cholinesterase enzyme, OP compounds are believed to cause other pathological mechanisms at both the extracellular level (cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic synapses) and the intracellular level (oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis) that contribute to these disorders. Specific genetic polymorphisms, including PON1, ABCB1, NOS, DRD4, GST, CYP, and APOE, have increased the risk of developing OP-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Rannaud-Bartaire P, Fini JB. [Disruptors of thyroid hormones: Which consequences for human health and environment?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 217:219-231. [PMID: 38018950 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) of chemical origin are the subject of numerous studies, some of which have led to measures aimed at limiting their use and their impact on the environment and human health. Dozens of hormones have been described and are common to all vertebrates (some chemically related messengers have also been identified in invertebrates), with variable roles that are not always known. The effects of endocrine disruptors therefore potentially concern all animal species via all endocrine axes. These effects are added to the other parameters of the exposome, leading to strong, multiple and complex adaptive pressures. The effects of EDs on reproductive and thyroid pathways have been among the most extensively studied over the last 30 years, in a large number of species. The study of the effects of EDs on thyroid pathways and brain development goes hand in hand with increasing knowledge of 1) the different roles of thyroid hormones at cellular or tissue level (particularly developing brain tissue) in many species, 2) other hormonal pathways and 3) epigenetic interactions. If we want to understand how EDs affect living organisms, we need to integrate results from complementary scientific fields within an integrated, multi-model approach (the so-called translational approach). In the present review article, we aim at reporting recent discoveries and discuss prospects for action in the fields of medicine and research. We also want to highlight the need for an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to studying impacts and taking appropriate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rannaud-Bartaire
- Laboratoire PHYMA, MNHN, UMR 7221, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France - Hôpital Saint-Vincent-De-Paul, GHICL, boulevard de Belfort, 59000 Lille, France
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13
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Khodaei M, Dobbins DL, Laurienti PJ, Simpson SL, Arcury TA, Quandt SA, Anderson KA, Scott RP, Burdette JH. Neuroanatomical differences in Latinx children from rural farmworker families and urban non-farmworker families and related associations with pesticide exposure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21929. [PMID: 38027758 PMCID: PMC10656267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides in humans may lead to changes in brain structure and function and increase the likelihood of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the potential risks, there is limited neuroimaging research on the effects of pesticide exposure on children, particularly during the critical period of brain development. Here we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from magnetic resonance images (MRI) to investigate neuroanatomical differences between Latinx children (n = 71) from rural, farmworker families (FW; n = 48) and urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; n = 23). Data presented here serves as a baseline for our ongoing study examining the longitudinal effects of living in a rural environment on neurodevelopment and cognition in children. The VBM analysis revealed that NFW children had higher volume in several distinct regions of white matter compared to FW children. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of DTI data also indicated NFW children had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in several key white matter tracts. Although the difference was not as pronounced as white matter, the VBM analysis also found higher gray matter volume in selected regions of the frontal lobe in NFW children. Notably, white matter and gray matter findings demonstrated a high degree of overlap in the medial frontal lobe, a brain region predominantly linked to decision-making, error processing, and attention functions. To gain further insights into the underlying causes of the observed differences in brain structure between the two groups, we examined the association of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) exposure collected from passive dosimeter wristbands with brain structure. Based on our previous findings within this data set, demonstrating higher OC exposure in children from non-farmworker families, we hypothesized OC might play a critical role in structural differences between NFW and FW children. We discovered a significant positive correlation between the number of types of OC exposure and the structure of white matter. The regions with significant association with OC exposure were in agreement with the findings from the FW-NFW groups comparison analysis. In contrast, OPs did not have a statistically significant association with brain structure. This study is among the first multimodal neuroimaging studies examining the brain structure of children exposed to agricultural pesticides, specifically OC. These findings suggest OC pesticide exposure may disrupt normal brain development in children, highlighting the need for further neuroimaging studies within this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Khodaei
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy L. Dobbins
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sean L. Simpson
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard P. Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Burdette
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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14
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Duh-Leong C, Maffini MV, Kassotis CD, Vandenberg LN, Trasande L. The regulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to minimize their impact on health. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:600-614. [PMID: 37553404 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances generated by human industrial activities that are detrimental to human health through their effects on the endocrine system. The global societal and economic burden posed by EDCs is substantial. Poorly defined or unenforced policies can increase human exposure to EDCs, thereby contributing to human disease, disability and economic damage. Researchers have shown that policies and interventions implemented at both individual and government levels have the potential to reduce exposure to EDCs. This Review describes a set of evidence-based policy actions to manage, minimize or even eliminate the widespread use of these chemicals and better protect human health and society. A number of specific challenges exist: defining, identifying and prioritizing EDCs; considering the non-linear or non-monotonic properties of EDCs; accounting for EDC exposure effects that are latent and do not appear until later in life; and updating testing paradigms to reflect 'real-world' mixtures of chemicals and cumulative exposure. A sound strategy also requires partnering with health-care providers to integrate strategies to prevent EDC exposure in clinical care. Critical next steps include addressing EDCs within global policy frameworks by integrating EDC exposure prevention into emerging climate policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Duh-Leong
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- New York University Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Wang A, Wan Y, Mahai G, Qian X, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, and Neonicotinoid Insecticides with Child Neurodevelopment at 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107011. [PMID: 37856202 PMCID: PMC10586492 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread insecticide exposure might be a risk factor for neurodevelopment of our children, but few studies examined the mixture effect of maternal coexposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, and critical windows of exposure are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association of prenatal exposure to multiple insecticides with children's neurodevelopment and to identify critical windows of the exposure. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited into a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China, from 2014-2017. Eight metabolites of OPPs (mOPPs), three metabolites of PYRs (mPYRs), and nine metabolites of NNIs (mNNIs) were measured in 3,123 urine samples collected at their first, second, and third trimesters. Children's neurodevelopment [mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI)] was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years of age (N = 1,041 ). Multivariate linear regression models, generalized estimating equation models, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to estimate the association between the insecticide metabolites and Bayley scores. Potential sex-specific associations were also examined. RESULTS Single chemical analysis suggested higher urinary concentrations of some insecticide metabolites at the first trimester were significantly associated with lower MDI and PDI scores, and the associations were more prominent among boys. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed urinary concentrations of two mOPPs, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 4-nitrophenol, was associated with a decrease of 3.16 points [95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.59 , - 0.74 ] and 3.06 points (95% CI: - 5.45 , - 0.68 ) respectively in boys' MDI scores. Each 1-unit increase in that of trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (trans-DCCA; an mPYR) was significantly associated with a decrease of 2.24 points (95% CI: - 3.89 , - 0.58 ) in boys' MDI scores and 1.90 points (95% CI: - 3.16 , - 0.64 ) in boys' PDI scores, respectively. Significantly positive associations of maternal urinary biomarker concentrations [e.g., dimethyl phosphate (a nonspecific mOPP) and desmethyl-clothianidin (a relatively specific mNNI)] with child neurodevelopment were also observed. Using repeated holdout validation, a 1-quartile increase in the WQS index of the insecticide mixture (in the negative direction) at the first trimester was significantly associated with a decrease of 3.02 points (95% CI: - 5.47 , - 0.57 ) in MDI scores among the boys, and trans-DCCA contributed the most to the association (18%). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to higher levels of certain insecticides and their mixture were associated with lower Bayley scores in children, particularly in boys. Early pregnancy may be a sensitive window for such an effect. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Horgan FG, Mundaca EA, Hadi BAR, Crisol-Martínez E. Diversified Rice Farms with Vegetable Plots and Flower Strips Are Associated with Fewer Pesticide Applications in the Philippines. INSECTS 2023; 14:778. [PMID: 37887790 PMCID: PMC10607731 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ecological engineering is defined as the design of sustainable ecosystems for the benefit of both human society and the environment. In Southeast Asia, researchers have applied ecological engineering by diversifying farms using flower strips to restore regulatory services to rice ecosystems and thereby reduce herbivore-related yield losses and overall pesticide use. We conducted a survey of 302 rice farmers across four regions of the Philippines to assess their farm diversification practices and determine possible associations with pesticide use. Rice was the main product on all farms; however, the farmers also produced fruits and vegetables, either rotated with rice (47% of the farmers) or in small plots in adjacent farmland. In addition, 64% of the farmers produced flowers, herbs, and/or vegetables on rice bunds. Vegetables were cultivated mainly to supplement household food or incomes, but 30% of the farmers also believed that the vegetables reduced pest and weed damage to their rice. We found that 16% of the farmers grew flowers on their bunds to reduce pest damage to rice and vegetables, and many farmers applied botanical extracts, growth stimulants, and insect traps to reduce damage to the vegetables. Some farmers avoided insecticides on rice by using Trichogramma cards. Planting flowers on rice bunds, rearing ducks in the rice fields, and farmers' recognition of beneficial rice arthropods were statistically significantly associated with lower pesticide (particularly, insecticide) applications to rice. Our results indicate that farm diversification to produce supplementary foods for rural households and access to alternative pest management options can reduce pesticide use on rice farms in tropical Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr G. Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 County Cork, Ireland;
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- School of Agronomy, Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile;
- International Rice Research Institute, Makati 1226, Metro Manila, Philippines;
| | - Enrique A. Mundaca
- School of Agronomy, Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile;
| | - Buyung A. R. Hadi
- International Rice Research Institute, Makati 1226, Metro Manila, Philippines;
- Plant Production and Protection Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo Crisol-Martínez
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 County Cork, Ireland;
- International Rice Research Institute, Makati 1226, Metro Manila, Philippines;
- COEXPHAL (Association of Vegetable and Fruit Growers of Almeria), Carretera de Ronda 11, 04004 Almeria, Spain
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Payne-Sturges DC, Taiwo TK, Ellickson K, Mullen H, Tchangalova N, Anderko L, Chen A, Swanson M. Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:96001. [PMID: 37754677 PMCID: PMC10525348 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are routinely exposed to chemicals known or suspected of harming brain development. Targeting Environmental Neuro-Development Risks (Project TENDR), an alliance of > 50 leading scientists, health professionals, and advocates, is working to protect children from these toxic chemicals and pollutants, especially the disproportionate exposures experienced by children from families with low incomes and families of color. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was initiated to map existing literature on disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes for U.S. children from population groups who have been historically economically/socially marginalized and exposed to seven exemplar neurotoxicants: combustion-related air pollution (AP), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), organophosphate pesticides (OPs), phthalates (Phth), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). METHODS Systematic literature searches for the seven exemplar chemicals, informed by the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) framework, were conducted through 18 November 2022, using PubMed, CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), GreenFILE (EBSCO), and Web of Science sources. We examined these studies regarding authors' conceptualization and operationalization of race, ethnicity, and other indicators of sociodemographic and socioeconomic disadvantage; whether studies presented data on exposure and outcome disparities and the patterns of those disparities; and the evidence of effect modification by or interaction with race and ethnicity. RESULTS Two hundred twelve individual studies met the search criteria and were reviewed, resulting in 218 studies or investigations being included in this review. AP and Pb were the most commonly studied exposures. The most frequently identified neurodevelopmental outcomes were cognitive and behavioral/psychological. Approximately a third (74 studies) reported investigations of interactions or effect modification with 69% (51 of 74 studies) reporting the presence of interactions or effect modification. However, less than half of the studies presented data on disparities in the outcome or the exposure, and fewer conducted formal tests of heterogeneity. Ninety-two percent of the 165 articles that examined race and ethnicity did not provide an explanation of their constructs for these variables, creating an incomplete picture. DISCUSSION As a whole, the studies we reviewed indicated a complex story about how racial and ethnic minority and low-income children may be disproportionately harmed by exposures to neurotoxicants, and this has implications for targeting interventions, policy change, and other necessary investments to eliminate these health disparities. We provide recommendations on improving environmental epidemiological studies on environmental health disparities. To achieve environmental justice and health equity, we recommend concomitant strategies to eradicate both neurotoxic chemical exposures and systems that perpetuate social inequities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11750.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristie Ellickson
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley Mullen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laura Anderko
- M. Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ruiz-Arias MA, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Romero-Bañuelos CA, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Herrera-Moreno JF, Ponce-Vélez G, Gaspar-Ramírez O, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, González FB, Rojas-García AE. The situation of chlorpyrifos in Mexico: a case study in environmental samples and aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6323-6351. [PMID: 37301778 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used organophosphate pesticides. Because CPF was described as a toxic compound without safe levels of exposure for children, certain countries in Latin America and the European Union have banned or restricted its use; however, in Mexico it is used very frequently. The aim of this study was to describe the current situation of CPF in Mexico, as well as its use, commercialization, and presence in soil, water, and aquatic organisms in an agricultural region of Mexico. Structured questionnaires were applied to pesticide retailers to determine the sales pattern of CPF (ethyl and methyl); in addition, monthly censuses were conducted with empty pesticide containers to assess the CPF pattern of use. Furthermore, samples of soil (48 samples), water (51 samples), and fish (31 samples) were collected, which were analyzed chromatographically. Descriptive statistics were performed. The results indicate that CPF was one of the most sold (3.82%) and employed OP (14.74%) during 2021. Only one soil sample was found above the CPF limit of quantification (LOQ); in contrast, all water samples had CPF levels above the LOQ (x̄ = 4614.2 ng/L of CPF). In the case of fish samples, 6.45% demonstrated the presence of methyl-CPF. In conclusion, the information obtained in this study indicates the need for constant monitoring in the area, since the presence of CPF in soil, water, and fish constitutes a threat to the health of wildlife and humans. Therefore, CPF should be banned in Mexico to avoid a serious neurocognitive health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso Ruiz-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Área de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Unidad Académica de Agricultura. Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C.P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Carlos Alberto Romero-Bañuelos
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt
- Unidad Especializada de Ciencias Ambientales, CENITT, Av. Emilio M. González S/N, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Tepic, Nayarit, C.P. 63173, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Cd. de México, México
| | - Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Noreste (CIATEJ), Apodaca, N.L, C.P. 66629, Mexico
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (Residuos de Plaguicidas), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Unidad Culiacán, C.P. 80110, Mexico
| | - Fernando Bejarano González
- Red de Acción Sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México, A. C. (RAPAM), Amado Nervo 23, Int. 3, Col. San Juanito, C.P. 56121, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México.
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Kuiper G, Young BN, WeMott S, Erlandson G, Martinez N, Mendoza J, Dooley G, Quinn C, Benka-Coker W, Magzamen S. Factors affecting urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolite levels among Californian agricultural community members. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163362. [PMID: 37059148 PMCID: PMC10247412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in California for agricultural pest and weed control despite their well-documented adverse health effects among infants, children, and adults. We sought to identify factors affecting urinary OP metabolites among families living in high-exposure communities. Our study included 80 children and adults who lived within 61 m (200 ft) of agricultural fields in the Central Valley of California in January and June 2019, which are pesticide non-spraying and spraying seasons, respectively. We collected one urine sample per participant during each visit to measure dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites; these were coupled with in-person surveys to identify health, household, sociodemographic, pesticide exposure, and occupational risk factors. We used a data-driven, best subsets regression approach to identify key factors that influenced urinary DAPs. Participants were mostly Hispanic/Latino(a) (97.5 %), over half were female (57.5 %), and most households reported having a member who worked in agriculture (70.6 %). Among the 149 urine samples suitable for analysis, DAP metabolites were detected in 48.0 % and 40.5 % of samples during January and June, respectively. Total diethyl alkylphosphates (EDE) were only detected in 4.7 % (n = 7) of samples, but total dimethyl alkylphosphates (EDM) were detected in 41.6 % (n = 62) of samples. No differences were observed in urinary DAP levels by visit month or by occupational exposure to pesticides. Best subsets regression identified several individual- and household-level variables that influenced both urinary EDM and total DAPs: the number of years spent living at the current address, household use of chemical products to control mice/rodents, and seasonal employment status. Among adults only, we identified educational attainment (for total DAPs) and age category (for EDM) as significant factors. Our study found consistent urinary DAP metabolites among participants, regardless of spraying season, and identified potential mitigating factors that members of vulnerable populations can implement to protect their health against OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sherry WeMott
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Grant Erlandson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nayamin Martinez
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Mendoza
- Central California Environmental Justice Network, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Dooley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Wande Benka-Coker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Environmental Studies, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Rajagopalan V, Venkataraman S, Rajendran DS, Vinoth Kumar V, Kumar VV, Rangasamy G. Acetylcholinesterase biosensors for electrochemical detection of neurotoxic pesticides and acetylcholine neurotransmitter: A literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115724. [PMID: 36948285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic pesticides are a group of chemicals that pose a severe threat to both human health and the environment. These molecules are also known to accumulate in the food chain and persist in the environment, which can lead to long-term exposure and adverse effects on non-target organisms. The detrimental effects of these pesticides on neurotransmitter levels and function can lead to a range of neurological and behavioral symptoms, which are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the accurate and reliable detection of these neurotoxic pesticides and associated neurotransmitters is essential for clinical applications, such as diagnosis and treatment. Over the past few decades, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) biosensors have emerged as a sensitive and reliable tool for the electrochemical detection of neurotoxic pesticides and acetylcholine. These biosensors can be tailored to utilize the high specificity and sensitivity of AchE, enabling the detection of these chemicals. Additionally, enzyme immobilization and the incorporation of nanoparticles have further improved the detection capabilities of these biosensors. AchE biosensors have shown tremendous potential in various fields, including environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and pesticide residue analysis. This review summarizes the advancements in AchE biosensors for electrochemical detection of neurotoxic pesticides and acetylcholine over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahulabaranan Rajagopalan
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India.
| | - Vaithyanathan Vasanth Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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21
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Sagiv SK, Mora AM, Rauch S, Kogut KR, Hyland C, Gunier RB, Bradman A, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and Childhood Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Behavior Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults in the CHAMACOS Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:67008. [PMID: 37307167 PMCID: PMC10259762 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported associations of prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with poorer neurodevelopment in early childhood and at school age, including poorer cognitive function and more behavioral problems, in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort study in an agriculture community. OBJECTIVE We investigated the extent to which early-life exposure to OP pesticides is associated with behavioral problems, including mental health, in youth during adolescence and early adulthood. METHODS We measured urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs), nonspecific OP metabolites, in urine samples collected from mothers twice during pregnancy (13 and 26 wk) and at five different times in their children (ages 6 months to 5 y). We assessed maternal report and youth report of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2), when the youth were ages 14, 16, and 18 y. Because there was evidence of nonlinearity, we estimated associations across quartiles of DAPs and modeled repeated outcome measures using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS There were 335 youths with prenatal maternal DAP measures and 14-. 16-, or 18-y BASC-2 scores. Prenatal maternal DAP concentrations (specific gravity-adjusted median, Q 1 - Q 3 = 159.4 , 78.7 - 350.4 nmol / L ) were associated with higher T-scores (more behavior problems) from maternal report, including more hyperactivity [fourth vs. first quartile of exposure β = 2.32 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18, 4.45], aggression (β = 1.90 ; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.66), attention problems (β = 2.78 ; 95% CI: 0.26, 5.30), and depression (β = 2.66 ; 95% CI: 0.08, 5.24). Associations with youth report of externalizing problems were null, and associations with depression were suggestive (fourth vs. first quartile of exposure β = 2.15 ; 95% CI: - 0.36 , 4.67). Childhood DAP metabolites were not associated with behavioral problems. DISCUSSION We found associations of prenatal, but not childhood, urinary DAP concentrations with adolescent/young adult externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. These findings are consistent with prior associations we have reported with neurodevelopmental outcomes measured earlier in childhood in CHAMACOS participants and suggests that prenatal exposure to OP pesticides may have lasting effects on the behavioral health of youth as they mature into adulthood, including their mental health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K. Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ana M. Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine R. Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Robert B. Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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22
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Cresto N, Forner-Piquer I, Baig A, Chatterjee M, Perroy J, Goracci J, Marchi N. Pesticides at brain borders: Impact on the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and neurological risk trajectories. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138251. [PMID: 36878369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks. Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and prolonged contact with low concentrations of pesticides, as single and cocktail, could represent a risk factor for multi-organ pathophysiology, including the brain. Within this research template, we focus on pesticides' impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation, physical and immunological borders for the homeostatic control of the central nervous system (CNS) neuronal networks. We examine the evidence supporting a link between pre- and postnatal pesticide exposure, neuroinflammatory responses, and time-depend vulnerability footprints in the brain. Because of the pathological influence of BBB damage and inflammation on neuronal transmission from early development, varying exposures to pesticides could represent a danger, perhaps accelerating adverse neurological trajectories during aging. Refining our understanding of how pesticides influence brain barriers and borders could enable the implementation of pesticide-specific regulatory measures directly relevant to environmental neuroethics, the exposome, and one-health frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Asma Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Rodríguez D, Barg G, Queirolo EI, Olson JR, Mañay N, Kordas K. Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Exposure, General Intellectual Abilities, and Executive Functions of School Children from Montevideo, Uruguay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5288. [PMID: 37047904 PMCID: PMC10093823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Children's developing brains are susceptible to pesticides. Less is known about the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on executive functions (EF). We measured urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a general, nonspecific metabolite of pyrethroids in first-grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay (n = 241, age 80.6 ± 6.4 months, 58.1% boys). EFs were assessed with the Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated (CANTAB) Battery. General intellectual ability (GIA) was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz Cognitive battery. Median (range) urinary TCPy and 3-PBA levels were 16.7 (1.9, 356.9) ng/mg of creatinine and 3.3 (0.3, 110.6) ng/mg of creatinine, respectively. In multivariable generalized linear models, urinary TCPy was inversely associated with postdimensional errors on the IED task β [95% CI]: -0.11 [-0.17, -0.06]. Urinary 3-PBA was inversely associated with the total number of trials -0.07 [-0.10, -0.04], and the total number of errors -0.12 [-0.18, -0.07] on the IED task. When TCPy and 3-PBA were modeled together, the associations did not differ from single-metabolite models. We found no evidence of effect modification by blood lead level (BLL). Pesticide exposure may affect EF performance in urban children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelly Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elena I. Queirolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - James R. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
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24
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de Castro Vieira Carneiro CL, Chaves EMC, Neves KRT, Braga MDM, Assreuy AMS, de Moraes MEA, Aragão GF. Behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes caused by glyphosate: Base herbicide in mice offspring. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:488-497. [PMID: 36529538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is a pesticide considered of low toxicity, but scientific evidences show it can be harmful to health. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in mice offspring exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) during the intrauterine period. METHODS Female matrices received glyphosate 0.3 mg/kg daily per oral throughout the gestational period, which was variable between 18 and 22 days. From the 25th until the 28th days post-birth, mice offspring were subjected to behavioral tests, and the prefrontal cortex was processed for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Two significant behavioral changes were observed: anxiety in the GLIF0.3 group, increase in the behavior burying marbles in the marble-burying test and hyperactivity, expressed by the significant increase of the crossing number in the open field test. The increased microglia, TNF-alpha, and astrocyte expression were also observed in the prefrontal cortex of offspring treated with GLIF0.3. CONCLUSION Exposure to GBH during mice intrauterine development induces hyperactive and anxious behavior, evidencing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas (ISCB), State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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25
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Stanaway IB, Wallace JC, Hong S, Wilder CS, Green FH, Tsai J, Knight M, Workman T, Vigoren EM, Smith MN, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Shojaie A, Faustman EM. Alteration of oral microbiome composition in children living with pesticide-exposed farm workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114090. [PMID: 36516690 PMCID: PMC9898171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our prior work shows that azinphos-methyl pesticide exposure is associated with altered oral microbiomes in exposed farmworkers. Here we extend this analysis to show the same association pattern is also evident in their children. Oral buccal swab samples were analyzed at two time points, the apple thinning season in spring-summer 2005 for 78 children and 101 adults and the non-spray season in winter 2006 for 62 children and 82 adults. The pesticide exposure for the children were defined by the farmworker occupation of the cohabitating household adult and the blood azinphos-methyl detection of the cohabitating adult. Oral buccal swab 16S rRNA sequencing determined taxonomic microbiota proportional composition from concurrent samples from both adults and children. Analysis of the identified bacteria showed significant proportional changes for 12 of 23 common oral microbiome genera in association with azinphos-methyl detection and farmworker occupation. The most common significantly altered genera had reductions in the abundance of Streptococcus, suggesting an anti-microbial effect of the pesticide. Principal component analysis of the microbiome identified two primary clusters, with association of principal component 1 to azinphos-methyl blood detection and farmworker occupational status of the household. The children's buccal microbiota composition clustered with their household adult in ∼95% of the households. Household adult farmworker occupation and household pesticide exposure is associated with significant alterations in their children's oral microbiome composition. This suggests that parental occupational exposure and pesticide take-home exposure pathways elicit alteration of their children's microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Stanaway
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James C Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carly S Wilder
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Foad H Green
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Misty Knight
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric M Vigoren
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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26
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Trasande L, Kassotis CD. The Pediatrician's Role in Protecting Children from Environmental Hazards. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:137-150. [PMID: 36402464 PMCID: PMC10591514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Children suffer disproportionately from disease and disability due to environmental hazards, for reasons rooted in their biology. The contribution is substantial and increasingly recognized, particularly due to ever-increasing awareness of endocrine disruption. Regulatory actions can be traced directly to reductions in toxic exposures, with tangible benefits to society. Deep flaws remain in the policy framework in industrialized countries, failing to offer sufficient protection, but are even more limited in industrializing nations where the majority of chemical production and use will occur by 2030. Evidence-based steps for reducing chemical exposures associated with adverse health outcomes exist and should be incorporated into anticipatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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27
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Xu Y, Yang X, Chen D, Xu Y, Lan L, Zhao S, Liu Q, Snijders AM, Xia Y. Maternal exposure to pesticides and autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in offspring: A meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137459. [PMID: 36470360 PMCID: PMC9839607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between maternal pesticide exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in offspring. METHOD Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, as well as PsycINFO were systematically retrieved for the records related to pesticide exposure during pregnancy and ASD and ADHD in offspring before August 30, 2022. The pesticide category, maternal age and window of exposure as the main subgroups were presented. RESULTS 949 studies were initially identified, and 19 studies were eventually included. Eleven were on ASD, seven were on ADHD, and one was on both disorders. Maternal pesticide exposure was positively related to ASD (pooled OR = 1.19 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.36)) and ADHD (pooled OR = 1.20 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.38)) in offspring. In the subgroup analysis, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (pooled OR = 1.14 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24)), pyrethroid (pooled OR = 1.40 (95%CI: 1.09 to 1.80)), and maternal age ≥30 years old (pooled OR = 1.24 (95%CI: 1.10 to 1.40)) increased the risk of ASD in offspring. Maternal organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure was a risk factor for ADHD in offspring (pooled OR = 1.22 (95%CI: 1.03 to 1.45)). CONCLUSION Maternal pesticide exposure increased the risk of ASD and ADHD in offspring. Moreover, OPs, pyrethroid, and maternal age ≥30 years old were found to be risk factors affecting children's ASD. Maternal exposure to OCPs increased the risk of ADHD in offspring. Our findings contribute to our understanding of health risks related to maternal pesticide exposure and indicate that the in utero developmental period is a vulnerable window-of-susceptibility for ASD and ADHD risk in offspring. These findings should guide policies that limit maternal exposure to pesticides, especially for pregnant women living in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linchen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Children's Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032671. [PMID: 36768991 PMCID: PMC9916521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are all exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) starting from embryonic life. The fetus and child set up crucial developmental processes allowing adaptation to the environment throughout life: they are extremely sensitive to very low doses of hormones and EDCs because they are developing organisms. Considering the developmental origin of well-being and diseases, every adult organism expresses consequences of the environment in which it developed. The molecular mechanisms through which the main EDCs manifest their effects and their potential association with endocrine disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, thyroid disease and alteration of adrenal hormones, will be reviewed here. Despite 40 years having passed since the first study on EDCs, little is yet known about them; therefore, our purpose is to take stock of the situation to establish a starting point for further studies. Since there is plenty of evidence showing that exposure to EDCs may adversely impact the health of adults and children through altered endocrine function-suggesting their link to endocrinopathies-it is essential in this context to bear in mind what is already known about endocrine disruptors and to deepen our knowledge to establish rules of conduct aimed at limiting exposure to EDCs' negative effects. Considering that during the COVID-19 pandemic an increase in endocrine disruptor effects has been reported, it will also be useful to address this new phenomenon for better understanding its basis and limiting its consequences.
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Jokanović M, Oleksak P, Kuca K. Multiple neurological effects associated with exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in man. Toxicology 2023; 484:153407. [PMID: 36543276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews available data regarding the possible association of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with neurological disorders such as dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopment, autism, cognitive development, Parkinson's disease and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. These effects mainly develop after repeated (chronic) human exposure to low doses of OP. In addition, three well defined neurotoxic effects in humans caused by single doses of OP compounds are discussed. Those effects are the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome and organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Usually, the poisoning can be avoided by an improved administrative control, limited access to OP pesticides, efficient measures of personal protection and education of OP pesticide applicators and medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jokanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic.
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30
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Algharably EA, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Pistollato F, Bal-Price A, Najjar A, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Prediction of in vivo prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure leading to developmental neurotoxicity in humans based on in vitro toxicity data by quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136174. [PMID: 36959852 PMCID: PMC10027916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiological studies in children suggested that in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate insecticide, may cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). We applied quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) based on in vitro concentration and non-choline esterase-dependent effects data combined with Benchmark dose (BMD) modelling to predict oral maternal CPF exposure during pregnancy leading to fetal brain effect concentration. By comparing the results with data from epidemiological studies, we evaluated the contribution of the in vitro endpoints to the mode of action (MoA) for CPF-induced DNT. Methods: A maternal-fetal PBK model built in PK-Sim® was used to perform QIVIVE predicting CPF concentrations in a pregnant women population at 15 weeks of gestation from cell lysate concentrations obtained in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neurons and glia exposed to CPF for 14 days. The in vitro concentration and effect data were used to perform BMD modelling. Results: The upper BMD was converted into maternal doses which ranged from 3.21 to 271 mg/kg bw/day. Maternal CPF blood levels from epidemiological studies reporting DNT findings in their children were used to estimate oral CPF exposure during pregnancy using the PBK model. It ranged from 0.11 to 140 μg/kg bw/day. Discussion: The effective daily intake doses predicted from the in vitro model were several orders of magnitude higher than exposures estimated from epidemiological studies to induce developmental non-cholinergic neurotoxic responses, which were captured by the analyzed in vitro test battery. These were also higher than the in vivo LOEC for cholinergic effects. Therefore, the quantitative predictive value of the investigated non-choline esterase-dependent effects, although possibly relevant for other chemicals, may not adequately represent potential key events in the MoA for CPF-associated DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abdelhady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Engi Abdelhady Algharably,
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bernardina Dalla MD, Ayala CO, Cristina de Abreu Quintela Castro F, Neto FK, Zanirati G, Cañon-Montañez W, Mattiello R. Environmental pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120351. [PMID: 36216185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is already knowledge of the extensive risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and recent studies suggest that environmental pollution may contribute to an increase in the incidence of the disorder. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of ADHD in people younger than 18 years old after exposure to environmental pollution. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases and investigated the grey literature from inception until May 31, 2021. All cohort studies that provided data on exposure to environmental pollutants and ADHD in children and adolescents aged from zero to 18 years old were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and applied the quality criteria. If there was a divergence, a third reviewer contributed to the final decision. For the meta-analysis, risk ratios and their confidence intervals were calculated with the MetaXL 5.3 program, using the random effects model. In total, 21 articles were included in this systematic review, and 18 studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis, involving 134,619 participants. The meta-analysis suggested that children exposed to higher levels of heavy metal (RR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.49-3.90), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 39%), and lead (RR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.28-4.40), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 54%), are at greater risk of developing ADHD than those exposed to lower levels. This meta-analysis suggests that children exposed to higher levels of lead and heavy metal pollution are at greater risk of developing ADHD than those exposed to lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dalla Bernardina Dalla
- Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM/UFES), Vitória, Brazil; Capixaba Institute for Teaching Research and Innovation of the State Health Department of Espirito Santo (ICEPI-SESA), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Camila Ospina Ayala
- Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Kalil Neto
- Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Zanirati
- Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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32
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Hall AM, Thistle JE, Manley CK, Roell KR, Ramos AM, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks' Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16851. [PMID: 36554732 PMCID: PMC9778918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have examined prenatal OPs in relation to diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with only two studies exploring this relationship in a population primarily exposed through diet. In this study, we used a nested case-control study to evaluate prenatal OP exposure and ADHD diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). For births that occurred between 2003 and 2008, ADHD diagnoses were obtained from linkage of MoBa participants with the Norwegian Patient Registry (N = 297), and a reference population was randomly selected from the eligible population (N = 552). Maternal urine samples were collected at 17 weeks' gestation and molar sums of diethyl phosphates (ΣDEP) and dimethyl phosphates metabolites (ΣDMP) were calculated. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prenatal OP metabolite exposure and child ADHD diagnosis. Additionally, multiplicative effect measure modification (EMM) by child sex was assessed. In most cases, mothers in the second and third tertiles of ΣDMP and ΣDEP exposure had slightly lower odds of having a child with ADHD, although confidence intervals were wide and included the null. EMM by child sex was not observed for either ΣDMP or ΣDEP. In summary, we did not find evidence that OPs at 17 weeks' gestation increased the odds of ADHD in this nested case-control study of ADHD in MoBa, a population primarily experiencing dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jake E. Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cherrel K. Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K. Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Sittiwang S, Nimmapirat P, Suttiwan P, Promduang W, Chaikittipornlert N, Wouldes T, Prapamontol T, Naksen W, Promkam N, Pingwong S, Breckheimer A, Cadorett V, Panuwet P, Barr DB, Baumert BO, Ohman-Strickland P, Fiedler N. The relationship between prenatal exposure to organophosphate insecticides and neurodevelopmental integrity of infants at 5-weeks of age. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:1039922. [PMID: 36925965 PMCID: PMC10016628 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.1039922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are among the most abundantly used insecticides worldwide. Thailand ranked third among 15 Asian countries in its use of pesticides per unit hectare and fourth in annual pesticide use. More than 40% of Thai women of childbearing age work on farms where pesticides are applied. Thus, the potential for pregnant women and their fetuses to be exposed to pesticides is significant. This study investigated the relationship between early, mid, and late pregnancy maternal urine concentrations of OP metabolites and infant neural integrity at 5 weeks of age. Method We enrolled women employed on farms from two antenatal clinics in the Chiang Mai province of northern Thailand. We collected urine samples monthly during pregnancy, composited them by early, mid and late pregnancy and analyzed the composited samples for dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP insecticides. At 5 weeks after birth, nurses certified in use of the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) completed the evaluation of 320 healthy infants. We employed generalized linear regression, logistic and Poisson models to determine the association between NNNS outcomes and DAP concentrations. All analyses were adjusted for confounders and included creatinine as an independent variable. Results We did not observe trimester specific associations between DAP concentrations and NNNS outcomes. Instead, we observed statistically significant inverse associations between NNNS arousal (β = -0.10; CI: -0.17, -0.002; p = 0.0091) and excitability [0.79 (0.68, 0.92; p = 0.0026)] among participants with higher average prenatal DAP concentrations across pregnancy. We identified 3 NNNS profiles by latent profile analysis. Higher prenatal maternal DAP concentrations were associated with higher odds of being classified in a profile indicative of greater self-regulation and attention, but arousal and excitability scores below the 50th percentile relative to US normative samples [OR = 1.47 (CI: 1.05, 2.06; p = 0.03)]. Similar findings are also observed among infants with prenatal exposure to substances of abuse (e.g., methamphetamine). Discussion Overall, the associations between prenatal DAP concentrations and NNNS summary scores were not significant. Further evaluations are warranted to determine the implications of low arousal and excitability for neurodevelopmental outcomes of attention and memory and whether these results are transitory or imply inadequate responsivity to stimulation among children as they develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Sittiwang
- LIFE Di Center, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimjuta Nimmapirat
- LIFE Di Center, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panrapee Suttiwan
- LIFE Di Center, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wathoosiri Promduang
- LIFE Di Center, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Trecia Wouldes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Promkam
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Pingwong
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Adrian Breckheimer
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Valerie Cadorett
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Brittney O. Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Ohman-Strickland
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Arab A, Mostafalou S. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in the context of CNS chronic diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2718-2755. [PMID: 34663153 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1987396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction and application of pesticides in human life, they have always been along with health concerns both in acute poisoning and chronic toxicities. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in chronic exposures has been known as one of the most important human health problems, as most of these chemicals act through interacting with some elements of nervous system. Pesticide-induced neurotoxicity can be defined in different categories of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative (Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), neurodevelopmental (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, and intellectual disability), neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric (depression/suicide attempt, anxiety/insomnia, and cognitive impairment) disorders some of which are among the most debilitating human health problems. In this review, neurotoxicity of pesticides in the mentioned categories and sub-categories of neurological diseases have been systematically presented in relation to different route of exposures including general, occupational, environmental, prenatal, postnatal, and paternal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Mora AM, Baker JM, Hyland C, Rodríguez-Zamora MG, Rojas-Valverde D, Winkler MS, Staudacher P, Palzes VA, Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Lindh C, Reiss AL, Eskenazi B, Fuhrimann S, Sagiv SK. Pesticide exposure and cortical brain activation among farmworkers in Costa Rica. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:200-210. [PMID: 36228750 PMCID: PMC10014323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have reported associations of pesticide exposure with poor cognitive function and behavioral problems. However, these findings have relied primarily on neuropsychological assessments. Questions remain about the neurobiological effects of pesticide exposure, specifically where in the brain pesticides exert their effects and whether compensatory mechanisms in the brain may have masked pesticide-related associations in studies that relied purely on neuropsychological measures. METHODS We conducted a functional neuroimaging study in 48 farmworkers from Zarcero County, Costa Rica, in 2016. We measured concentrations of 13 insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide metabolites or parent compounds in urine samples collected during two study visits (approximately 3-5 weeks apart). We assessed cortical brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during tasks of working memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We estimated associations of pesticide exposure with cortical brain activation using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age and education level. RESULTS We found that higher concentrations of insecticide metabolites were associated with reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. For example, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy; a metabolite of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos) was associated with reduced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (β = -2.3; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.7 per two-fold increase in TCPy). Similarly, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA; a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides) was associated with bilateral reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (β = -3.1; 95% CI: -5.0, -1.2 and -2.3; 95% CI: -4.5, -0.2 per two-fold increase in 3-PBA for left and right cortices, respectively). These associations were similar, though weaker, for the attention and cognitive flexibility tasks. We observed null associations of fungicide and herbicide biomarker concentrations with cortical brain activation during the three tasks that were administered. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides may impact cortical brain activation in the prefrontal cortex - neural dynamics that could potentially underlie previously reported associations with cognitive and behavioral function. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of fNIRS in epidemiological field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Joseph M Baker
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- School of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, 1910 W University Dr, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - María G Rodríguez-Zamora
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental (EISLHA), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 1 km Sur de la Basílica de los Ángeles, Cartago 30101, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Campus Benjamin Nuñez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa A Palzes
- Drug and Alcohol Research Team at the Kaiser Permanente Northern California's Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Campus Benjamin Nuñez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Liang D, Batross J, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Panuwet P, Naksen W, Baumert BO, Yakimavets V, Tan Y, D'Souza P, Mangklabruks A, Sittiwang S, Kaewthit K, Kohsuwan K, Promkam N, Pingwong S, Ryan PB, Barr DB. Metabolome-wide association study of the relationship between chlorpyrifos exposure and first trimester serum metabolite levels in pregnant Thai farmworkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114319. [PMID: 36108722 PMCID: PMC9909724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organophosphate (OP) insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, have been linked with numerous harmful health effects on maternal and child health. Limited data are available on the biological mechanisms and endogenous pathways underlying the toxicity of chlorpyrifos exposures on pregnancy and birth outcomes. In this study, we measured a urinary chlorpyrifos metabolite and used high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify biological perturbations associated with chlorpyrifos exposure among pregnant women in Thailand, who are disparately exposed to high levels of OP insecticides. METHODS This study included 50 participants from the Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE). We used liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to conduct metabolic profiling on first trimester serum samples collected from participants to evaluate metabolic perturbations in relation to chlorpyrifos exposures. We measured 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in first trimester urine samples to assess the levels of exposures. Following an untargeted metabolome-wide association study workflow, we used generalized linear models, pathway enrichment analyses, and chemical annotation to identify significant metabolites and pathways associated with urinary TCPy levels. RESULTS In the 50 SAWASDEE participants, the median urinary TCPy level was 4.36 μg TCPy/g creatinine. In total, 691 unique metabolic features were found significantly associated with TCPy levels (p < 0.05) after controlling for confounding factors. Pathway analysis of metabolic features associated with TCPy indicated perturbations in 24 metabolic pathways, most closely linked to the production of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage. These pathways include tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and peroxisome metabolism, cytochromes P450 metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and vitamin B3 metabolism. We confirmed the chemical identities of 25 metabolites associated with TCPy levels, including glutathione, cystine, arachidic acid, itaconate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. DISCUSSION The metabolic perturbations associated with TCPy levels were related to oxidative stress, cellular damage and repair, and systemic inflammation, which could ultimately contribute to health outcomes, including neurodevelopmental deficits in the child. These findings support the future development of sensitive biomarkers to investigate the metabolic underpinnings related to pesticide exposure during pregnancy and to understand its link to adverse outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liang
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Batross
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Rutgers University, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panrapee Suttiwan
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Psychology, LIFE Di Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya D'Souza
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattra Sittiwang
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Psychology, LIFE Di Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kanyapak Kohsuwan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Promkam
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Pingwong
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Organophosphate Insecticide Toxicity in Neural Development, Cognition, Behaviour and Degeneration: Insights from Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040049. [PMID: 36412643 PMCID: PMC9680476 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are used to eliminate agricultural threats posed by insects, through inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These potent neurotoxins are extremely efficacious in insect elimination, and as such, are the preferred agricultural insecticides worldwide. Despite their efficacy, however, estimates indicate that only 0.1% of organophosphates reach their desired target. Moreover, multiple studies have shown that OP exposure in both humans and animals can lead to aberrations in embryonic development, defects in childhood neurocognition, and substantial contribution to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Motor Neurone Disease. Here, we review the current state of knowledge pertaining to organophosphate exposure on both embryonic development and/or subsequent neurological consequences on behaviour, paying particular attention to data gleaned using an excellent animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Alcala CS, Lichtveld MY, Wickliffe JK, Zijlmans W, Shankar A, Rokicki E, Covert H, Abdoel Wahid FZ, Hindori-Mohangoo AD, van Sauers-Muller A, van Dijk C, Roosblad J, Codrington J, Wilson MJ. Characterization of Urinary Pesticide Metabolite Concentrations of Pregnant Women in Suriname. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110679. [PMID: 36355970 PMCID: PMC9695383 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to pesticides and the association with adverse health outcomes have been examined in several studies. However, the characterization of pesticide exposure among Surinamese women during pregnancy has not been assessed. As part of the Caribbean Consortium of Research in Environmental and Occupational Health research program, 214 urine samples were collected from pregnant women living in three regions in Suriname with different agricultural practices: capital Paramaribo, the rice producing district Nickerie, and the tropical rainforest, the Interior. We used isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry to quantify urinary concentrations of biomarkers of three pesticide classes, including phenoxy acid herbicides and organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, all of which are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings in Suriname. We observed that participants residing in Nickerie had the highest urinary metabolite concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and pyrethroids compared to those from Paramaribo or the Interior. Paramaribo had the highest concentrations of organophosphate metabolites, specifically dialkyl phosphate metabolites. Para-nitrophenol was detected in samples from Paramaribo and the Interior. Samples from Nickerie had higher median urinary pesticide concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.06 μg/L), and the following metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (1.26 μg/L), 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (0.60 μg/L), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (1.34 μg/L), possibly due to residential use and heavy rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S. Alcala
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maureen Y. Lichtveld
- Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Wickliffe
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wilco Zijlmans
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Arti Shankar
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ellen Rokicki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hannah Covert
- Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Firoz Z. Abdoel Wahid
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ashna D. Hindori-Mohangoo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (Perisur), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Alies van Sauers-Muller
- Pesticide Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Carmen van Dijk
- Pesticide Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jimmy Roosblad
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - John Codrington
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Mark J. Wilson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Peterson BS, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, Nati C, Elgabalawy ER, Hoepner LA, Garcia W, Hao X, Margolis A, Perera F, Rauh V. Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered brain structure, function, and metabolism in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1316-1331. [PMID: 35165899 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to air pollution disrupts cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development. The brain disturbances associated with prenatal air pollution are largely unknown. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we estimated prenatal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and then assessed their associations with measures of brain anatomy, tissue microstructure, neurometabolites, and blood flow in 332 youth, 6-14 years old. We then assessed how those brain disturbances were associated with measures of intelligence, ADHD and anxiety symptoms, and socialization. RESULTS Both exposures were associated with thinning of dorsal parietal cortices and thickening of postero-inferior and mesial wall cortices. They were associated with smaller white matter volumes, reduced organization in white matter of the internal capsule and frontal lobe, higher metabolite concentrations in frontal cortex, reduced cortical blood flow, and greater microstructural organization in subcortical gray matter nuclei. Associations were stronger for PM2.5 in boys and PAH in girls. Youth with low exposure accounted for most significant associations of ADHD, anxiety, socialization, and intelligence measures with cortical thickness and white matter volumes, whereas it appears that high exposures generally disrupted these neurotypical brain-behavior associations, likely because strong exposure-related effects increased the variances of these brain measures. CONCLUSIONS The commonality of effects across exposures suggests PM2.5 and PAH disrupt brain development through one or more common molecular pathways, such as inflammation or oxidative stress. Progressively higher exposures were associated with greater disruptions in local volumes, tissue organization, metabolite concentrations, and blood flow throughout cortical and subcortical brain regions and the white matter pathways interconnecting them. Together these affected regions comprise cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, which support the regulation of thought, emotion, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Nati
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eman R Elgabalawy
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Wanda Garcia
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejun Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center & New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center & New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, New York, NY, USA.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, New York, NY, USA
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Sette KN, Alugubelly N, Glenn LB, Guo-Ross SX, Parkes MK, Wilson JR, Seay CN, Carr RL. The mechanistic basis for the toxicity difference between juvenile rats and mice following exposure to the agricultural insecticide chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 2022; 480:153317. [PMID: 36096317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
At high exposure levels, organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) exert their toxicity in mammals through the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses and hyperactivity of the nervous system. Currently, there is a concern that low-level exposure to OPs induces negative impacts in developing children and the chemical most linked to these issues is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Our laboratory has observed that a difference in the susceptibility to repeated exposure to CPF exists between juvenile mice and rats with respect to the inhibition of brain AChE. The basis for this difference is unknown but differences in the levels of the detoxification mechanisms could play a role. To investigate this, 10-day old rat and mice pups were exposed daily for 7 days to either corn oil or a range of dosages of CPF via oral gavage. Four hours following the last administration of CPF on day 16, brain, blood, and liver were collected. The inhibition of brain AChE activity was higher in juvenile rats as compared to juvenile mice. The levels of activity of the detoxification enzymes and the impact of CPF exposure on their activity were determined in the two species at this age. In blood and liver, the enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) hydrolyzes the active metabolite of CPF (CPF-oxon), and the enzymes carboxylesterase (CES) and cholinesterase (ChE) act as alternative binding sites for CPF-oxon removing it from circulation and providing protection. Both species had similar levels of PON1 activity in the liver and serum. Mice had higher ChE activity in liver and serum than rats but, following CPF exposure, the percentage inhibition was similar between species at an equivalent dosage. Even though rats had slightly higher liver CES activity than mice, the level of inhibition following exposure was higher in rats. In serum, juvenile mice had an 8-fold higher CES activity than rats, and exposure to a CPF dosage that almost eliminated CES activity in rats only resulted in 22% inhibition in mice suggesting that the high serum CES activity in mice as compared to rats is a key component in this species difference. In addition, there was a species difference in the sensitivity of CES to inhibition by CPF-oxon with rats having a lower IC50 in both liver and serum as compared to mice. This greater enzyme sensitivity suggests that saturation of CES would occur more rapidly in juvenile rats than in mice, resulting in more CPF reaching the brain to inhibit AChE in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Sette
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Navatha Alugubelly
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Lauren B Glenn
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Shirley X Guo-Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - M Katherine Parkes
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Juliet R Wilson
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Caitlin N Seay
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Russell L Carr
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
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Abstract
Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OP) can have chronic adverse effects that are independent of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, the classic target for acute OP toxicity. In pure proteins, the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos oxon induces a cross-link between lysine and glutamate (or aspartate) with loss of water. Tubulin is particularly sensitive to OP-induced cross-linking. Our goal was to explore OP-induced cross-linking in a complex protein sample, MAP-rich tubulin from Sus scrofa and to test 8 OP for their capacity to promote isopeptide cross-linking. We treated 100 μg of MAP-rich tubulin with 100 μM chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, methamidophos, paraoxon, diazinon, diazoxon, monocrotophos, or dichlorvos. Each sample was separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue. Five gel slices (at about 30, 50, 150, and 300 kDa, and the top of the separating gel) were removed from the lanes for each of the eight OP samples and from untreated control lanes. These gel slices were subjected to in-gel trypsin digestion. MSMS fragmentation spectra of the tryptic peptides were examined for isopeptide cross-links. Sixteen spectra yielded convincing evidence for isopeptide cross-linked peptides. Ten were from the chlorpyrifos oxon reaction, 1 from dichlorvos, 1 from paraoxon, 1 from diazinon, and 3 from diazoxon. It was concluded that catalysis of protein cross-linking is a general property of organophosphorus pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Schopfer
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Seda Onder
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Thistle JE, Ramos A, Roell KR, Choi G, Manley CK, Hall AM, Villanger GD, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Zeiner P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Øvergaard KR, Herring A, Aase H, Engel SM. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and executive function in preschool-aged children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113555. [PMID: 35613628 PMCID: PMC9484279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) has been associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in children, however evidence linking OPPs with specific cognitive mechanisms, such as executive function (EF), is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to OPPs with multiple measures of EF in preschool-aged children, while considering the role of variant alleles in OPP metabolism genes. METHODS We included 262 children with preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 78 typically developing children, from the Preschool ADHD substudy of the Norwegian, Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants who gave birth between 2004 and 2008 were invited to participate in an on-site clinical assessment when the child was approximately 3.5 years; measurements of EF included parent and teacher rating on Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and three performance-based assessments. We measured OPP metabolites in maternal urines collected at ∼17 weeks' gestation to calculate total dimethyl- (ΣDMP) and diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) metabolite concentrations. We estimated multivariable adjusted β's and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) corresponding to a change in z-score per unit increase in log-ΣDMP/DEP. We further characterized gene-OPP interactions for maternal variants in PON1 (Q192R, M55L), CYP1A2 (1548T > C), CYP1A1 (IntG > A) and CYP2A6 (-47A > C). RESULTS Prenatal OPP metabolite concentrations were associated with worse parent and teacher ratings of emotional control, inhibition, and working memory. A one log-∑DMP increase was associated with poorer teacher ratings of EF on the BRIEF-P (e.g. emotional control domain: β = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.74), when weighted to account for sampling procedures. We found less consistent associations with performance-based EF assessments. We found some evidence of modification for PON1 Q192R and CYP2A6 -47A > C. Association with other variants were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of prenatal OPP exposure were associated with more adverse teacher and parent ratings of EF in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake E Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Amanda Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle R Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cherrel K Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R Øvergaard
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Global Health Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Lizé M, Monfort C, Rouget F, Limon G, Durand G, Tillaut H, Chevrier C. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and autism spectrum disorders in 11-year-old children in the French PELAGIE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113348. [PMID: 35500857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate (OP) pesticides act by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity at synaptic junctions and have already been linked with deleterious effects on neurodevelopment, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of prenatal exposure to OP pesticides with traits related to ASD in 11-year-old children. METHODS The "Childhood Autism Spectrum Test" (CAST) parent questionnaire was used to screen for autistic traits in 792 children from the French PELAGIE cohort. Prenatal maternal urine samples were collected <19 weeks of gestation in which metabolites of organophosphate insecticides were assessed for 185 of them. Negative binomial regression models were performed to explore the association between the CAST score and 8 groups of urine components, adjusted for potential ASD risk factors. RESULTS In these urine samples, dialkylphosphates (DAP) were detected most often (>80%), terbufos and its metabolites least often (<10%). No association with ASD was found for DAP, terbufos or its metabolites. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) increased with maternal urinary diazinon concentrations, from 1.11 (95% CI: 0.87-1.42) to 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94-1.46). Higher CAST scores were statistically significantly associated with the maternal urine samples in which chlorpyrifos or two of its metabolites (chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) were detected. The IRR for exposure to chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos-oxon was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.05-1.52) among all children, and 1.39 (95%CI: 1.07-1.82) among boys. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an increase in autistic traits among 11-year-old children in association with prenatal maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and possibly diazinon. These associations were previously suspected in the literature, in particular for chlorpyrifos. Further work establishing the causal mechanisms behind these risk association is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lizé
- Université Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Christine Monfort
- Université Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Gwendolina Limon
- LABOCEA (Laboratoire public Conseil, Expertise et Analyse in Brittany), F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Gaël Durand
- LABOCEA (Laboratoire public Conseil, Expertise et Analyse in Brittany), F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Hélène Tillaut
- Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Glover F, Eisenberg ML, Belladelli F, Del Giudice F, Chen T, Mulloy E, Caudle WM. The association between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure dysregulation: NHANES 2013-2014. Environ Health 2022; 21:74. [PMID: 35934697 PMCID: PMC9358881 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate (OP) insecticides represent one of the largest classes of sprayed insecticides in the U.S., and their use has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including disorders of blood pressure regulation such as hypertension (HTN). METHODS In a study of 935 adults from the NHANES 2013-2014 cycle, we examined the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes and urinary concentrations of three OP insecticides metabolites, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), oxypyrimidine, and para-nitrophenol. These metabolites correspond to the parent compounds chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and methyl parathion, respectively. Weighted, multivariable linear regression analysis while adjusting for potential confounders were used to model the relationship between OP metabolites and blood pressure. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the odds of HTN for quartile of metabolites. RESULTS We observed significant, inverse association between TCPy on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.16, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.15, p < 0.001). Analysis with para-nitrophenol revealed a significant, positive association with systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.03, p = 0.02), and an inverse association with diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.09, p < 0.001). For oxypyrimidine, we observed significant, positive associations between systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.58, p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.31, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed significant interactions between TCPy and ethnicity on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 1.46, p = 0.0036). Significant interaction terms were observed between oxypyrimidine and ethnicity (β-estimate = -1.73, p < 0.001), as well as oxypyrimidine and BMI (β-estimate = 1.51 p < 0.001) on systolic blood pressure, and between oxypyrimidine and age (β-estimate = 1.96, p = 0.02), race (β-estimate = -3.81 p = 0.004), and BMI on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.72, p = 0.02). A significant interaction was observed between para-nitrophenol and BMI for systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.43, p = 0.01), and between para-nitrophenol and ethnicity on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 2.19, p = 0.006). Lastly, we observed a significant association between the odds of HTN and TCPy quartiles (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.43,0.99]). CONCLUSION Our findings support previous studies suggesting a role for organophosphate insecticides in the etiology of blood pressure dysregulation and HTN. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, evaluate dose-response relationships between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure, determine clinical significance, and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Glover
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michael L. Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Evan Mulloy
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - W. Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Algharably EA, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Pistollato F, Mielke H, Gundert-Remy U. In Vitro- In Vivo Extrapolation by Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling: Experience With Three Case Studies and Lessons Learned. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:885843. [PMID: 35924078 PMCID: PMC9340473 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.885843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling has been increasingly used since the beginning of the 21st century to support dose selection to be used in preclinical and clinical safety studies in the pharmaceutical sector. For chemical safety assessment, the use of PBK has also found interest, however, to a smaller extent, although an internationally agreed document was published already in 2010 (IPCS/WHO), but at that time, PBK modeling was based mostly on in vivo data as the example in the IPCS/WHO document indicates. Recently, the OECD has published a guidance document which set standards on how to characterize, validate, and report PBK models for regulatory purposes. In the past few years, we gained experience on using in vitro data for performing quantitative in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE), in which biokinetic data play a crucial role to obtain a realistic estimation of human exposure. In addition, pharmaco-/toxicodynamic aspects have been introduced into the approach. Here, three examples with different drugs/chemicals are described, in which different approaches have been applied. The lessons we learned from the exercise are as follows: 1) in vitro conditions should be considered and compared to the in vivo situation, particularly for protein binding; 2) in vitro inhibition of metabolizing enzymes by the formed metabolites should be taken into consideration; and 3) it is important to extrapolate from the in vitro measured intracellular concentration and not from the nominal concentration to the tissue/organ concentration to come up with an appropriate QIVIVE for the relevant adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abdelhady Algharably
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hans Mielke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Romano ME, Jackson B, Braun JM, Yolton K, Chen A, Lanphear B, Karagas MR. Associations of maternal urinary arsenic concentrations during pregnancy with childhood cognitive abilities: The HOME study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114009. [PMID: 35947921 PMCID: PMC9500348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk for intellectual deficits in children, but limited data exist from prospective epidemiologic studies, particularly at low arsenic exposure levels. We investigated the association between prenatal maternal urinary arsenic concentrations and childhood cognitive abilities in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. We used anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection to measure arsenic species content in pregnant women's urine. The summation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) refers to ∑As. We assessed children's cognitive function (n = 260) longitudinally at 1-, 2-, and 3-years using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, at 5 years using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, and at 8 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. We observed a modest decrease in mental development index and full-scale intelligence quotient at ages 3 and 5 years with each doubling of ∑As with estimated score (ß) differences and 95% confidence interval (CI) of -1.8 from -4.1 to 0.5 and -2.5 from -5.1 to 0.0, respectively. This trend was stronger and reached statistical significance among children whose mothers had lower iAs methylation capacity and low urinary arsenobetaine concentrations. Our findings suggest that arsenic exposure levels relevant to the general US population may affect children's cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Spain.
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA.
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
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Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138148. [PMID: 35805806 PMCID: PMC9266339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) exposure has been associated with child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in agricultural communities and those that are exposed to residentially applied insecticides. To examine this association in populations that are exposed primarily through diet, we estimate the associations between prenatal OPP exposure and preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and describe modification by paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene variants. We used participants from the MoBa Preschool ADHD Sub-study (n = 259 cases) and a random sample of MoBa sub-cohort participants (n = 547) with birth years from 2004 to 2008. Prenatal urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (total diethylphosphate [∑DEP] and total dimethylphosphate [∑DMP]) were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight system and summed by molar concentration. Maternal DNA was genotyped for coding variants of PON1 (Q192R and L55M). We used a multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal education, parity, income dependency, age, marital status, ADHD-like symptoms, pesticide use, produce consumption, and season. We found no associations between DAP metabolite concentrations and preschool ADHD. The adjusted ORs for exposure quartiles 2-4 relative to 1 were slightly inverse. No monotonic trends were observed, and the estimates lacked precision, likely due to the small sample size and variation in the population. We found no evidence of modification by PON1 SNP variation or child sex. Maternal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with preschool ADHD.
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Spirhanzlova P, Couderq S, Le Mével S, Leemans M, Krief S, Mughal BB, Demeneix BA, Fini JB. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Thyroid Hormone Axis and Brain Development in Xenopus laevis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 113:1298-1311. [PMID: 35753306 DOI: 10.1159/000525719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extensive use of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) throughout the world has brought increased scrutiny on its environmental and health impact. CPF is a cholinergic neurotoxicant; however, exposure to low noncholinergic doses is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental effects in animal models. In this study, we aimed to assess CPF for its potential to disrupt thyroid hormone signalling and investigate the short- and long-term effects on neurodevelopment by using Xenopus laevis. METHODS The thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting potential of CPF was assessed using TH-sensitive transgenic Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The consequences of early embryonic exposure were examined by exposing fertilized eggs for 72 h to environmentally relevant CPF concentrations (10-10 M and 10-8 M). Three endpoints were evaluated: (1) gene expression in whole embryonic brains immediately after exposure, (2) mobility and brain morphology 1 week after exposure, and (3) brain morphology and axon diameters at the end of metamorphosis (2 months after the exposure). RESULTS CPF disrupted TH signalling in Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The expression of genes klf9, cntn4, oatp1c1, and tubb2b was downregulated in response to CPF. Tadpoles exposed to CPF exhibited increased mobility and altered brain morphology compared to control tadpoles. Early embryonic exposure of CPF affected myelinated axon diameter, with exposed animals exhibiting shifted frequency distributions of myelinated axons diameters towards smaller diameters in the hindbrain of froglets. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study provides more evidence of the endocrine and neurodevelopment disrupting activity of CPF. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are warranted to determine the long-term consequences of early CPF exposure on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et d'Essais, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sébastian Le Mével
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Krief
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Bilal B Mughal
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Semkova V, Haupt S, Segschneider M, Bell C, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Hajo M, Weykopf B, Muthukottiappan P, Till A, Brüstle O. Dynamics of Metabolic Pathways and Stress Response Patterns during Human Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091388. [PMID: 35563695 PMCID: PMC9100042 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding early nervous system stress response mechanisms is crucial for studying developmental neurotoxicity and devising neuroprotective treatments. We used hiPSC-derived long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells differentiated for up to 12 weeks as an in vitro model of human neural development. Following a transcriptome analysis to identify pathway alterations, we induced acute oxidative stress (OS) using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and assessed cell viability at different stages of neural differentiation. We studied NRF2 activation, autophagy, and proteasomal function to explore the contribution and interplay of these pathways in the acute stress response. With increasing differentiation, lt-NES cells showed changes in the expression of metabolic pathway-associated genes with engagement of the pentose phosphate pathway after 6 weeks, this was accompanied by a decreased susceptibility to TBHP-induced stress. Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of target genes of the antioxidant response KEAP1–NRF2–ARE pathway after 6 weeks of differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 confirmed its vital role in the increased resistance to stress. While autophagy was upregulated alongside differentiation, it was not further increased upon oxidative stress and had no effect on stress-induced cell loss and the activation of NRF2 downstream genes. In contrast, proteasome inhibition led to the aggravation of the stress response resulting in decreased cell viability, derangement of NRF2 and KEAP1 protein levels, and lacking NRF2-pathway activation. Our data provide detailed insight into the dynamic regulation and interaction of pathways involved in modulating stress responses across defined time points of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselina Semkova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone Haupt
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Bell
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mohamad Hajo
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (O.B.)
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Wang L, Ma P, Chen H, Chang M, Lu P, Chen N, Yuan Y, Chen N, Zhang X. Rapid Determination of Mixed Pesticide Residues on Apple Surfaces by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081089. [PMID: 35454676 PMCID: PMC9031303 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are insecticides and herbicides which has been widely used on farms. However, CPF and 2,4-D residues on corps can bring high risks to human health. Accurate detection of pesticide residues is important for controlling health risks caused by CPF and 2,4-D. Therefore, we developed a fast, sensitive, economical, and lossless surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based method for pesticide detection. It can rapidly and simultaneously determine the CPF and 2,4-D mixed pesticide residues on an apple surface at a minimum of 0.001 mg L−1 concentration, which is far below the pesticide residue standard in China and the EU. The limits of detection reach down to 1.28 × 10−9 mol L−1 for CPF and 2.47 × 10−10 mol L−1 for 2,4-D. The limits of quantification are 4.27 × 10−9 mol L−1 and 8.23 × 10−10 mol L−1 for CPF and 2,4-D. This method has a great potential for the accurate detection of pesticide residues, and may be applied to other fields of agricultural products and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Pei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Min Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanbing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Xuedian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.W.); (P.M.); (H.C.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence:
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