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Thomson K, Magee C, Gagné Petteni M, Oberle E, Georgiades K, Schonert-Reichl K, Janus M, Guhn M, Gadermann A. Changes in peer belonging, school climate, and the emotional health of immigrant, refugee, and non-immigrant early adolescents. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39183382 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early adolescents who are new to Canada experience dual challenges of navigating developmental changes and multiple cultures. This study examined how changes in early adolescents' emotional health from ages 9 to 12 differed by immigration background, and to what extent peer belonging and supportive school climate protected or promoted their emotional health. METHODS This study drew upon linked self-report and administrative data. Across 10 school districts in British Columbia, Canada, N = 4479 non-immigrant, immigrant, and refugee adolescents reported on their peer belonging, school climate, and emotional health (life satisfaction, optimism, self-esteem, sadness, worries) in Grades 4 and 7, using the Middle Years Development Instrument. Immigration background including immigration class (economic, family, refugee) and generation status (first, second) were obtained from linked Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada data. Multi-level modeling assessed the effect of time (grade level), immigration group, and changes in peer belonging and school climate on changes in self-reported emotional health. Analyses were adjusted for gender, English first language, and low family income. RESULTS Immigrant and refugee adolescents reported worse emotional health in Grade 4 compared to non-immigrants. Non-immigrant and immigrant adolescents reported declines in emotional health from Grades 4 to 7. In contrast, first-generation refugee adolescents reported significant improvements in life satisfaction, and first- and second-generation refugees reported improvements in worries over this period. Perceived improvements in peer belonging and school climate were associated with positive changes in emotional health for all adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Changes in adolescents' emotional health from Grades 4 to 7 differed between immigrants, refugees, and non-immigrants. Immigrants and refugees who enter adolescence with lower emotional health than their non-immigrant peers may particularly benefit from culturally responsive school and community-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Thomson
- Children's Health Policy Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carly Magee
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Monique Gagné Petteni
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kimberly Schonert-Reichl
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Gadermann
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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Thurman TR, Luckett B, Zani B, Nice J, Taylor TM. Can Support Groups Improve Treatment Adherence and Reduce Sexual Risk Behavior among Young People Living with HIV? Results from a Cohort Study in South Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:162. [PMID: 39058204 PMCID: PMC11281618 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa experience poorer HIV outcomes than adults, including lower ART adherence and virologic suppression. They also have high rates of unprotected sex, increasing the risk of adverse sexual health outcomes and onward transmission. This one-arm, pre-post study investigates a structured 14-session support group aiming to boost treatment adherence and sexual protective behavior for AYLHIV in South Africa. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were performed on self-reported pre- and post-intervention survey data collected approximately 7.5 months apart from a cohort of 548 AYLHIV. Participants were significantly more likely to report at least 95% adherence at follow-up and rate their health as "good;" they also demonstrated greater treatment knowledge and had fewer absences from school overall and due to illness. Among sexually active AYLHIV, contraception use at last sex increased significantly, while condom use did not. Effects were small, and greater programmatic emphasis on adherence and multifaceted service packages is likely necessary to promote viral suppression. Nonetheless, the intervention addresses an important gap in service provision for AYLHIV in South Africa. Findings denote the potential for incorporating care and treatment components into sexual and reproductive health interventions tailored for AYLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya R. Thurman
- Tulane International, Cape Town 7806, South Africa
- Highly Vulnerable Children Research Center, Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brian Luckett
- Highly Vulnerable Children Research Center, Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Babalwa Zani
- Tulane International, Cape Town 7806, South Africa
- Highly Vulnerable Children Research Center, Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Johanna Nice
- Highly Vulnerable Children Research Center, Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tory M. Taylor
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
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Potochnick S, Mikkelsen I, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Gonzalez F, Perreira KM. Immigrant Parent Legal Status and Children's Health in the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth). J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:461-473. [PMID: 38158543 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We assess how immigrant parent legal status shapes children's physical and mental health. Using the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth-a multi-site dataset-we evaluated mean differences in multiple physical and mental health indicators and parents' and children's stress and resilience by parents' (primarily mothers') legal status (N = 1177). We estimated regression models of two overall child health outcomes-allostatic load and any internalized disorder. Average allostatic load was 28% higher (0.36 standard deviations) and average prevalence of any internalizing disorder was 16% points greater for children of foreign-born unauthorized versus US-born parents. Higher levels of socioeconomic and acculturative stress contributed to children of foreign-born unauthorized parents' heightened health risk, while resilience factors-parental health and familial support-protected their health. Children with unauthorized immigrant parents experience both negative physical and mental health outcomes that can have potential long-term costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Potochnick
- Sociology Department, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Ian Mikkelsen
- Public Policy Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Franklyn Gonzalez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hamshari S, Yaseen S, Zayed M, Dalasha A, Maraqa B, Nazzal Z. Adolescents' electronic devices use during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to anxiety and depression levels: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38200470 PMCID: PMC10777600 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescent students in the West Bank region of Palestine, with a particular focus on the impact of electronic device usage on their mental well-being. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,140 adolescents enrolled in governmental secondary schools. We targeted schools located in Nablus, Ramallah, and Hebron districts, which, respectively, represent the northern, central, and southern regions of the West Bank. We collected data on their sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of electronic device usage, scores from the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, all gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire. To explore the independent relationship between anxiety, depression, and various factors, we calculated odds ratios and their corresponding 95% CI using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS The study revealed a prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety at 35.4% [95% CI: 32.7-38.3%] and moderate to severe depression at 23.9% [95% CI: 21.4-26.4%]. Notably, anxiety scores were significantly higher among females [OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.5-5.9], individuals with lower academic performance [OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1-5.4], and smokers [OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0]. Similarly, significantly elevated depressive scores were observed among females [OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1], those with lower academic performance [OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1-5.4], and smokers [OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8]. Conversely, students who used electronic devices for shorter durations were less likely to experience depression [OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32-0.76] or anxiety [OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.32-0.69]. CONCLUSION Considering the alarming rates of anxiety and depression in adolescents, along with their connection to the time spent using electronic devices, we strongly recommend the creation of initiatives and support networks to alleviate this issue's impact. Encouraging healthier lifestyles, such as reducing screen time and increasing physical activity, could potentially enhance the mental well-being of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Hamshari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shaban Yaseen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mosab Zayed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Asala Dalasha
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Beesan Maraqa
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine.
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Shrestha A, Ghimire S, Kinney J, Mehta R, Mistry SK, Saito S, Rayamajhee B, Sharma D, Mehta S, Yadav UN. The role of family support in the self-rated health of older adults in eastern Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38178009 PMCID: PMC10768249 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal's low fertility rate and increasing life expectancy have resulted in a burgeoning older population. For millennia, filial piety shaped family cohesion and helped Nepali older adults achieve positive outcomes, but recently, it has been eroding. Furthermore, there are not enough institutional support options or alternatives to family-based care to deal with the biosocial needs of older adults. This study explored the association between family support and self-rated health among Nepali older adults. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey in eastern Nepal's two districts, Sunsari and Morang, interviewed 847 older adults (≥ 60 years). The final analytical sample was 844. Participants were asked whether they received assistance with various aspects of daily life and activities of daily living from their families. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between family support and self-rated health. RESULTS Participants who received support with various aspects of daily life had 43% higher odds of good health, but after adjusting for control variables, the result only approached statistical significance (p = 0.087). Those who received family assistance with activities of daily living had nearly four times higher odds (OR: 3.93; 95% CI: 2.58 - 5.98) of reporting good health than participants who lacked this support. CONCLUSIONS Given the important role of family support in Nepali older adults' health, government programs and policies should create a conducive environment to foster family-based care until more comprehensive policies for older adults' care can be put into effect. The results of this study can also help shape the global aging environment by highlighting the need for family support in older care, particularly in low-income nations with declining traditional care systems and weak social security policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Shrestha
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Kinney
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Ranju Mehta
- Little Buddha College of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shoko Saito
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Suresh Mehta
- Koshi Province Ministry of Health, Biratnagar, Koshi, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Thomsen EL, Boisen KA, Andersen A, Jørgensen SE, Teilmann G, Michelsen SI. Low Level of Well-being in Young People With Physical-Mental Multimorbidity: A Population-Based Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:707-714. [PMID: 37389522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to examine whether wellbeing, health behavior, and youth life among young people (YP) with co-occurrence of physical-mental conditions, that is, multimorbidity differ from YP with exclusively physical or mental conditions. METHODS The population included 3,671 YP reported as having a physical or/and mental condition from a Danish nationwide school-based survey (aged 14-26 years). Wellbeing was measured by the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index and life satisfaction by the Cantril Ladder. YP's health behavior and youth life were evaluated in seven domains: home, education, activities/friends, drugs, sleep, sexuality, and self-harm/suicidal thoughts, in accordance with the Home, Education and employment, Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide and depression, and Safety acronym. We performed descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 52% of YP with physical-mental multimorbidity reported a low level of wellbeing, compared to 27% of YP with physical conditions and 44% with mental conditions. YP with multimorbidity had significantly higher odds of reporting poor life satisfaction, compared to YP with exclusively physical or mental conditions. YP with multimorbidity had significantly higher odds for psychosocial challenges and health risk behavior, compared to YP with physical conditions, along with increased odds for loneliness (23.3%), self-harm (63.1%), and suicidal thoughts (54.2%), compared to YP with mental conditions. DISCUSSION YP with physical-mental multimorbidity had higher odds for challenges and low wellbeing and life satisfaction. This is an especially vulnerable group and systematic screening for multimorbidity and psychosocial wellbeing is needed in all healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Lindhart Thomsen
- Center of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Arntz Boisen
- Center of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anette Andersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Grete Teilmann
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
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Reder S. Adults' reading engagement and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286706. [PMID: 37768940 PMCID: PMC10538774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Education and literacy have long been associated with a range of economic and social outcomes in industrialized societies. Recent research based on large-scale national and international surveys has examined effects of education and literacy on individuals' social and economic outcomes. This paper takes a further step in understanding the importance of literacy for individuals' economic and social outcomes by disentangling the effects of two different aspects of literacy, literacy proficiency as measured by standardized tests and reading engagement as measured by self-reports of everyday reading activities. Using recent nationally representative survey data from New Zealand, multivariate regression models estimate the effects of reading engagement on earnings, health, social trust, political efficacy and civic engagement. Reading engagement has statistical and substantial positive effects on each of these outcomes with the effects of literacy proficiency, education and other important variables held constant. Although these results do not imply a causal relationship between reading engagement and the outcomes, they have important implications for policy and practice in adult education as well as for future research about the role of reading engagement in wellbeing more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Reder
- Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Schiff M, Auslander WF, Gerke DR. Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Self-Reported Health Among Adolescent Girls in Child Welfare: Mediating Pathways. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:759-771. [PMID: 37593056 PMCID: PMC10427600 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is common in the US and has been shown to be associated with physical and psychological health problems in adolescence and adulthood. Based on the allostatic load theory, this study examined the association between different types of child maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect) and self-rated health, and the mediating roles of post-traumatic stress and depression in these relationships. Participants were 249 girls involved in the child welfare system, ages 12-19 years, the majority of whom were African American. A one item self-reported general health measure, the Child Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) measured self-reported health, child maltreatment, and posttraumatic and depression symptoms, respectively. Higher levels of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect were significantly associated with poorer ratings of health. PTSD and depression were significant mediators between histories of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and physical health. In conclusion, results indicate that the pathways from child abuse to physical health problems in adolescents are through psychological distress. Trauma focused interventions to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression among this vulnerable group of adolescents are essential to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schiff
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tsuchiya K, Schulz AJ, Niño MD, Caldwell CH. Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Citizenship Status, and Self-Rated Health Among Immigrant Young Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01731-1. [PMID: 37566180 PMCID: PMC11134944 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Both racial/ethnic discrimination and citizenship status are manifestations of racism. Few empirical studies have examined the role of multiple stressors and how both stressors are interlinked to influence health among immigrant young adults. Informed by the theory of stress proliferation, the current study seeks to examine the interplay between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and citizenship status on health. We used the third wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) to examine the influence of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and citizenship status on self-rated health (SRH) among immigrant young adults (N = 3344). Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination was initially associated with SRH. After adjusting for both predictors, those experiencing perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and non-citizen youth were less likely to report better health than youth who did not report perceived racial/ethnic discrimination or citizen youth. In fully adjusted multivariate regression models, racial/ethnic discrimination remained significant, while citizenship status was no longer associated with SRH. To test stress proliferation, an interaction term was included to assess whether the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and SRH varied by citizenship status. The interaction term was significant; non-citizen young adults who experienced racial/ethnic discrimination were less likely to report better health in comparison to citizen young adults and those who did not report perceived racial/ethnic discrimination. Results suggest that the interplay between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and citizenship status may be influential for health among immigrant young adults. These findings underscore the need for further assessment of the role of stress proliferation on immigrant young adults' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Tsuchiya
- Social and Behavioural Health Sciences Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Amy Jo Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Michael David Niño
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
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Klein GD, Bryer E, Harkins-Schwarz M. Generating data to facilitate more equitable distribution of health resources: an illustration of how local health surveys can identify probable need in mixed socio-economic regions. Public Health 2023; 217:155-163. [PMID: 36893632 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) encourage allocation of governmental and grant funds to the administration of local area health surveys and (2) illustrate the predictive impact of socio-economic resources on adult health status at the local area level to provide an example of how health surveys can identify residents with the greatest health needs. STUDY DESIGN Randomly sampled and weight-adjusted regional household health survey (7501 respondents) analyzed with categorical bivariate and multivariate statistics, combined with Census data. Survey sample consists of the lowest, highest, and near highest ranked counties in the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps for Pennsylvania. METHODS Socio-economic status (SES) is measured regionally with Census data consisting of seven indicators and individually with Health Survey data consisting of five indicators based on poverty level, overall household income, and education. Both of these composite measures are examined jointly for their predictive effects on a validated health status measure using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Once county-level measures of SES and health status are broken down into smaller areas, better identification of pockets of health need is possible. This was most strongly revealed in an urban county, Philadelphia, which is ranked lowest of 67 counties on health measures in the state of Pennsylvania, yet when broken down into 'neighborhood clusters' contained both the highest- and lowest-ranked local area in a five-county region. Overall, regardless of the SES level of the County subdivision one lives in, a low-SES adult has close to six times greater odds of reporting 'fair or poor health status' than does a high-SES adult. CONCLUSION Local health survey analysis can lead to a more precise identification of health needs than surveys attempting to cover broad areas. Low-SES communities within counties, and low-SES individuals, regardless of the community they live in, are substantially more likely to experience fair to poor health. This adds urgency to the need to implement and investigate socio-economic interventions, which can hopefully improve health and save healthcare costs. Novel local area research can identify the impact of intervening variables such as race in addition to SES to add more specificity in identifying populations with the greatest health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Klein
- Research & Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - E Bryer
- Research & Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA; PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Harkins-Schwarz
- Research & Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Short sleep duration and adolescent health: does weekend catch-up sleep work and for whom? Public Health 2023; 214:91-95. [PMID: 36521277 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite evidence that sleep duration affects adolescent health, there remain important research gaps in the literature. Little is known about (1) whether the association between weekday sleep duration and health is confounded by unobserved individual heterogeneity and (2) the extent to which weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) duration moderates this association. This study addresses these gaps. STUDY DESIGN Using six waves of longitudinal data from the 2011-2016 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (N = 6633), this study examined the relationship between weekday sleep duration, WCS duration, and two measures of adolescent health, body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH). METHODS We estimated fixed effects models to account for individual-level heterogeneity. RESULTS Fixed effects estimates suggest that part of the associations between short sleep duration and adolescent health are confounded by unobserved individual heterogeneity (62% for BMI and 30% for poor SRH), although the associations remain statistically significant. Sleeping less than 6 h increased BMI by 0.203 and the probability of reporting poor SRH by about 2 percentage points. Controlling for individual heterogeneity, however, changed the sign of the WCS duration coefficient, suggesting that a longer WCS duration is positively associated with BMI (b = 0.021). No such patterns were found for SRH. CONCLUSIONS Short weekday sleep duration threatens adolescent health. WCS duration is protective only for those who are most sleep deprived.
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Axxe E, Hayford SR, Eggum ND. Youth's Family and Non-Family Roles as Predictors of Subjective Adulthood in Three Low-Income Agricultural Settings. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1546-1565. [PMID: 35075708 PMCID: PMC9345314 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Subjective adulthood, or feeling like an adult, captures identity development relative to the local context that shapes life course processes. Most research on this topic is conducted in wealthy developed countries. Instead, we draw on household-based survey data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes project (FAMELO) to estimate ordinal logistic regression models predicting how often adolescents aged 11-17 in Jalisco, Mexico (n = 1,567); Gaza Province, Mozambique (n = 1,368); and the Chitwan Valley, Nepal (n = 1,898), identify as adults. The relationships between adult roles, family capital, youth characteristics, and youth's adult identities vary substantially across the sites. The findings highlight how the transition to adulthood reflects the cultural and structural conditions of adult identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Axxe
- The Ohio State University, 1885 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, 43210
| | - Sarah R. Hayford
- The Ohio State University, 1885 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, 43210
| | - Natalie D. Eggum
- Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, 85287
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13
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Guha C, Khalid R, van Zwieten A, Francis A, Hawley CM, Jauré A, Teixeira-Pinto A, Mallard AR, Bernier-Jean A, Johnson DW, Hahn D, Reidlinger D, Pascoe EM, Ryan EG, Mackie F, McCarthy HJ, Craig JC, Varghese J, Kiriwandeniya C, Howard K, Larkins NG, Macauley L, Walker A, Howell M, Irving M, Caldwell PHY, Woodleigh R, Jesudason S, Carter SA, Kennedy SE, Alexander SI, McTaggart S, Wong G. Baseline characteristics of participants in the NAVKIDS 2 trial: a patient navigator program in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 38:1577-1590. [PMID: 36264432 PMCID: PMC9584266 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require multidisciplinary care to meet their complex healthcare needs. Patient navigators are trained non-medical personnel who assist patients and caregivers to overcome barriers to accessing health services through care coordination. This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of a patient navigator program in children with CKD. METHODS The NAVKIDS2 trial is a multi-center, waitlisted, randomized controlled trial of patient navigators in children with CKD conducted at five sites across Australia. Children (0-16 years) with CKD from low socioeconomic status rural or remote areas were randomized to an intervention group or a waitlisted control group (to receive intervention after 6 months). The study primary and secondary endpoints include the self-rated health (SRH) (primary), and utility-based quality of life, progression of kidney dysfunction of the child, SRH, and satisfaction with healthcare of the caregiver at 6 months post-randomization. RESULTS The trial completed recruitment in October 2021 with expected completion of follow-up by October 2022. There were 162 patients enrolled with 80 and 82 patients randomized to the immediate intervention and waitlisted groups, respectively. Fifty-eight (36%) participants were from regional/remote areas, with a median (IQR) age of 9.5 (5.0, 13.0) years, 46% were of European Australian ethnicity, and 65% were male. A total of 109 children (67%) had CKD stages 1-5, 42 (26%) were transplant recipients, and 11 (7%) were receiving dialysis. CONCLUSION The NAVKIDS2 trial is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of patient navigation in children with CKD from families experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Guha
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rabia Khalid
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita van Zwieten
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Francis
- Child and Adolescent Renal Services, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison Jauré
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair R Mallard
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amelie Bernier-Jean
- CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île de Montréal, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deirdre Hahn
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna Reidlinger
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elaine M Pascoe
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Ryan
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- QCIF Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Mackie
- Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh J McCarthy
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julie Varghese
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charani Kiriwandeniya
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics and Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Larkins
- Department of Nephrology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Walker
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Howell
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, 33 Lincoln Square South Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Patrina H Y Caldwell
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shilpanjali Jesudason
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon A Carter
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean E Kennedy
- Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven McTaggart
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Borud EK, Fadum EA, Carlsen EØ, Håberg SE. Health at age 17 in Norwegian adolescents: Mental and physical status in the national cohort born in 2001. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:1148-1154. [PMID: 35799464 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We present self-reported data on physical and mental health at age 17 years from 82% of Norwegians born in 2001. METHODS In Norway, the Armed Forces require that each resident who reaches the age of 17 years completes a self-administered declaration of health that is used for military selection. The declaration collects information on height and weight, various clinically diagnosed diseases, mental and behavioural disorders, and other health conditions where clinical diagnosis is not required. In 2018, there were 65,913 adolescents born in 2001 living in Norway, of whom 10,223 were exempt from completing the declaration; declarations were therefore sent to 55,690 participants. We included 54,132 participants who completed the declaration (response rate 97.2%): 27,220 male and 26,912 female respondents. RESULTS We found that 18% of male and 28% of female respondents reported at least one clinically diagnosed disease, mental disorder or behavioural disorder. Among health condition where clinical diagnosis was not required, 19% of male and 37% of female respondents reported anxiety/depression affecting daily life and 10 versus 18% reported migraines/recurring headaches. The respondents probably represent the healthiest part of the total cohort of 17-year-old Norwegians because those who are exempt from completing the declaration are already considered unfit for military service. CONCLUSIONS These data represent a rich resource for further research. Similar data exist for the birth cohorts in 1993-2003. We encourage further research that can help decision-makers identify areas of concern that should be targeted for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellen Øen Carlsen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Siri Eldevik Håberg
- The Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
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15
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Rattay P, Blume M, Wachtler B, Wollgast L, Spallek J, Hoffmann S, Sander L, Herr R, Herke M, Reuter M, Novelli A, Hövener C. Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266463. [PMID: 35390046 PMCID: PMC8989218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining the association between the family's socioeconomic position and adolescents' self-rated health. The current study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health was mediated by familial determinants. METHODS Using data from wave 2 of the"German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of income, education, occupational status, socioeconomic position index and adolescents' subjective social status on self-rated health into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parental well-being, parental stress, parenting styles, parental obesity, smoking and sporting activity). RESULTS A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on self-rated health was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations between income, parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking, obesity and living in a single-mother family). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained. CONCLUSION The analysis revealed how a family's position of socioeconomic disadvantage can lead to poorer health in adolescents through different family practices. The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions (macro-level), community-based strategies (meso-level) and programs to improve parenting and family functioning (micro-level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rattay
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Wollgast
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Sander
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Herr
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Herke
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marvin Reuter
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Park D, Choi MK, Park YK, Park CY, Shin MJ. Higher food literacy scores are associated with healthier diet quality in children and adolescents: the development and validation of a two-dimensional food literacy measurement tool for children and adolescents. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:272-283. [PMID: 35392524 PMCID: PMC8971819 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Most child and adolescent food literacy measurement tools focus on nutrition and food safety. However, the importance of aspects related to the food system such as food distribution and food waste and their effects on environmental sustainability is growing. We therefore developed and validated a two-dimensional tool for children (8-12 years old) and adolescents (13-18 years old) that can comprehensively measure food literacy. The association of food literacy with diet quality and self-reported health was assessed. SUBJECTS/METHODS First, we developed a food literacy conceptual framework that contains food system and literacy dimensions through a literature review, focus group interviews, and expert review. After a face validity study, we conducted the main survey (n = 200) to validate the questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS As a result of the Delphi study, content validity was confirmed for the remaining 30 items after two items were excluded (content validity ratio = 0.86). Eleven items were excluded from the EFA results, while the CFA results indicated appropriate fit indices for the proposed model (comparative fit index = 0.904, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068). The final food literacy questionnaire consisted of 19 questions and comprised 5 factors: production, distribution, selection, preparation and cooking, and intake. Food literacy was positively associated with diet quality, as assessed by the Nutrition Quotient score, in both children and adolescents and with self-reported health in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Based on this integrated conceptual framework, a two-dimensional 19-item food literacy measurement tool was developed and verified for practical use to improve the diet quality and food-related environmental sustainability awareness of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Choi
- Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Department of Medical Nutrition, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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17
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Trends in absolute and relative educational inequalities in health during times of labour market restructuring in coastal areas: The HUNT Study, Norway. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114541. [PMID: 34799180 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restructuring labour markets offers natural population-level experiments of great social epidemiological interest. Many coastal areas have endured substantial restructuring of their local labour markets following declines in small-scale fishing and transitions to new employment opportunities. It is unknown how educational inequalities in health have developed in formerly fishery-dependent communities during such restructuring. In this study, we compare trends in social inequalities in health in Norwegian coastal areas with adjacent geographical areas between 1984 and 2019. METHODS We used cross-sectional population-based data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), collected four times: HUNT1 (1984-86), HUNT2 (1995-97), HUNT3 (2006-08) and HUNT4 (2017-19). Adults above 30 years of age were included. Using Poisson regression, we calculated absolute and relative educational inequalities in self-rated health, using slope (SII) and relative (RII) indices of inequality. RESULTS Trends in absolute and relative inequalities in rural coastal health were generally more favourable than in adjacent geographical areas. We found a statistically significant trend of declining relative educational inequalities in self-rated health in the rural coastal population from HUNT1 to HUNT4. Absolute inequalities overall increased from HUNT1 to HUNT4, although a declining trend followed HUNT2. Nonetheless, the rural coastal population exhibited the highest prevalence of poor self-rated health across the four decades. CONCLUSIONS Although absolute educational inequalities in self-rated health widened in all geographical areas, the smallest increase was in rural coastal areas. Relative educational inequalities narrowed in this rural coastal population. Considering the concurrent processes of large-scale investments in the Norwegian public sector and welfare schemes, increased fishing fleet safety, and employment opportunities in aquaculture, our findings do not suggest that potential positive effects on public health of this restructuring have benefitted inhabitants with higher educational attainment more than inhabitants with lower educational attainment in this rural coastal population.
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18
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Bollen KA, Gutin I. Trajectories of Subjective Health: Testing Longitudinal Models for Self-rated Health From Adolescence to Midlife. Demography 2021; 58:1547-1574. [PMID: 34236430 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9368980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is ubiquitous in population health research. It is one of the few consistent health measures in longitudinal studies. Yet, extant research offers little guidance on its longitudinal trajectory. The literature on SRH suggests several possibilities, including SRH as (1) a more fixed, longer-term view of past, present, and anticipated health; (2) a spontaneous assessment at the time of the survey; (3) a result of lagged effects from prior responses; (4) a function of life course processes; and (5) a combination of the preceding. Different perspectives suggest different longitudinal models, but evidence is lacking about which model best captures SRH trajectory. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we employ structural equation modeling to correct for measurement error and identify the best-fitting, theoretically guided models describing SRH trajectories. Results support a hybrid model that combines the lagged effect of SRH with the enduring perspectives, fitted with a type of autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) model. This model structure consistently outperforms other commonly used models and underscores the importance of accounting for lagged effects combined with time-invariant effects in longitudinal studies of SRH. Interestingly, comparisons of this latent, time-invariant autoregressive model across gender and racial/ethnic groups suggest that there are differences in starting points but less variability in SRH trajectories from early life into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Iliya Gutin
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Okamoto S. Parental socioeconomic status and adolescent health in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12089. [PMID: 34103647 PMCID: PMC8187727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on which parental socioeconomic indicators should be used to define adolescents’ socioeconomic status (SES). Utilising the data for 3154 parent-adolescent pairs obtained from the sample of the Survey of Lifestyle Value of Parents and Children 2011 conducted by the Cabinet Office in Japan, the associations between adolescent’s subjective economic status, parental SES (i.e. education, occupation, and household income), and child health-related outcomes (i.e. self-rated health, dietary and oral health behaviours) were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression to investigate heterogeneity in these relationships across SES indicators and health outcome measures. Results demonstrated that income was the strongest predictor of adolescent health outcomes, suggesting that adolescents in the middle- or high-income groups tended to report better health status compared to the low-income group, have a higher frequency of having breakfast, and more likely to regularly brush their teeth by 24% (OR 1.24, 95% CI [1.06–1.46]) to 66% (OR 1.66, 95% CI [1.30–2.12]). Parental education was also related to child health-related behaviours, with higher levels of habitual healthy behaviours being observed in the middle- and high-education groups than in the low-education group by 15% (OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.01–1.32]) to 63% (OR 1.63, 95% CI [1.31–2.03]). Future studies regarding health disparities among children/adolescents should carefully choose an SES indicator, taking multiple pathways between each SES indicator and health/health behaviours into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Okamoto
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
While donor-conceived children have similar mental health outcomes compared to spontaneously conceived children, there is an inconsistency between studies investigating mental health outcomes of donor-conceived people in adulthood. This study is an online health survey that was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world. Donor sperm-conceived adults had increased diagnoses of attention deficit disorder (P = 0.004), and autism (P = 0.044) in comparison to those conceived spontaneously. Donor sperm-conceived adults self-reported increased incidences of seeing a mental health professional (P < 0.001), identity formation problems (P < 0.001), learning difficulties (P < 0.001), panic attacks (P = 0.038), recurrent nightmares (sperm P = 0.038), and alcohol/drug dependency (P = 0.037). DASS-21 analysis revealed that donor sperm-conceived adults were also more stressed than those conceived spontaneously (P = 0.013). Both donor sperm and spontaneously conceived cohorts were matched for sex, age, height, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, own fertility, and maternal smoking. The increase in adverse mental health outcomes is consistent with some studies of donor-conceived adult mental health outcomes. These results are also consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) phenomenon that has linked adverse perinatal outcomes, which have been observed in donor-conceived neonates, to increased risk of chronic disease, including mental health. Further work is required to reconcile our observations in adults to contrary observations reported in donor-conceived children.
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Meltzer G, Avenbuan O, Wu F, Shah K, Chen Y, Mann V, Zelikoff JT. The Ramapough Lunaape Nation: Facing Health Impacts Associated with Proximity to a Superfund Site. J Community Health 2021; 45:1196-1204. [PMID: 32447544 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate self-reported exposure to the Ringwood Mines/Landfill Superfund Site in relation to chronic health outcomes among members of the Ramapough Lunaape Turtle Clan nation and other local residents of Ringwood, New Jersey. Community surveys on personal exposure to the nearby Superfund site, self-reported health conditions, and demographics were conducted with 187 members of the Ramapough Lunaape Turtle Clan Nation and non-Native Americans residing in Ringwood, New Jersey from December 2015 to October 2016. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the association between ethnicity and a Superfund site exposure score developed for this study, as well as between exposure score and several chronic health conditions. Native Americans were 13.84 times (OR 13.84; 95% CI 4.32, 44.37) more likely to face exposure opportunities to Superfund sites as compared to non-Native Americans in the same New Jersey borough. For the entire surveyed cohort, increased Superfund site exposure routes was significantly associated with bronchitis (OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.18, 14.23). When the analyses were restricted to Native Americans, the association between self-reported Superfund site exposure and bronchitis remained significant (OR 17.42; 95% CI 1.99, 152.45). Moreover, the association between greater exposure score and asthma in this same population also reached statistical significance (OR 6.16; 95% CI 1.38, 27.49). This pilot study demonstrated a significant association between being a Ringwood resident of Native American ethnicity and self-declared opportunities for Superfund site exposure. It also showed a strong association between self-reported Superfund site exposure and the prevalence of bronchitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Meltzer
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, 715/719 Broadway, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Oyemwenosa Avenbuan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Fen Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Krina Shah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vincent Mann
- Ramapough Lunaape Turtle Clan Nation, Ringwood, NJ, USA
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Chandler RF, Santos Lozada AR. Health status among NEET adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2016-2018. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100814. [PMID: 34027012 PMCID: PMC8134726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults not employed or in education/training (NEET) could be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Approximately 4.6 million Americans aged between 16 and 24 fall in this group. However, differences in health between NEET and non-NEET population remain unaddressed. This study examines the association of NEET status and poor/fair self-reported health status (SRH), among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data for this study come from the 2016–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Our analytical sample consisted of 53,690 respondents. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between NEET and health status in the United States, while controlling for potential covariates. Approximately 14% of our analytical sample was classified as NEET. NEET report poor/fair health status at higher rates than their counterparts who remained in school and/or had a job (11.30% vs. 5.62%). The NEET population was older, had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks, engaged in more smoking but in less alcohol drinking than non-NEET. In our initial model, NEET were more likely report poor/fair SRH than their non-NEET counterparts (OR = 2.14; p < 0.001). This difference remains strong when demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are accounted for in our empirical models (OR = 1.93, p < 0.001). In our fully specified model, which accounts for health behaviors, NEET continue to have higher odds of reporting poor/fair SRH (OR = 1.77, p < 0.001). Our analyses suggest that NEET populations report worse health than non-NEETs. The health of this population may improve if interventions to reinsert them into either education or employment are effectively deployed. Approximately 14% of the population aged 16 to 25 are not employed or participating in education/training activities (NEET). The NEET population report worse health status than their non-NEET peers. NEETs report worse health even when accounting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and metropolitan residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeven Faye Chandler
- Pennsylvania Population Network, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R. Santos Lozada
- Pennsylvania Population Network, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. 226 Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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23
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Bollen KA, Gutin I, Halpern CT, Harris KM. Subjective health in adolescence: Comparing the reliability of contemporaneous, retrospective, and proxy reports of overall health. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2021; 96:102538. [PMID: 33867009 PMCID: PMC8056067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most important social science measures of health. Yet its measurement properties remain poorly understood. Most studies ignore the measurement error in SRH despite the bias resulting from even random measurement error. Our goal is to estimate the measurement reliability of SRH in contemporaneous, retrospective, and proxy indicators. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to estimate the reliability of SRH relative to proxy assessments and respondents' recollections of past health. Even the best indicators - contemporaneous self-reports - have a modest reliability of ~0.6; retrospective and proxy assessments fare much worse, with reliability less than 0.2. Moreover, not correcting for measurement error in SRH leads to a ~20-40% reduction in its correlation with other measures of health. Researchers should be skeptical of analyses that treat these subjective reports as explanatory variables and fail to take account of their substantial measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Carolina Population Center, USA.
| | - Iliya Gutin
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Carolina Population Center, USA
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Carolina Population Center, USA; Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kathleen M Harris
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Carolina Population Center, USA
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24
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Agbaje OS, Nnaji CP, Nwagu EN, Iweama CN, Umoke PCI, Ozoemena LE, Abba CC. Adverse childhood experiences and psychological distress among higher education students in Southeast Nigeria: an institutional-based cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:62. [PMID: 33926542 PMCID: PMC8086118 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) constitutes public health problems linked to adverse mental outcomes such as psychological distress during adulthood. This study examines the prevalence of ACEs and psychological distress and explores the association between ACEs and psychological distress and demographic factors among young adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 330 students from May 2018 to July 2018. The participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the sociodemographic profile scale. We used descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of ACEs and psychological distress in our sample. After adjusting for the demographic covariates, ACEs’ association with psychological distress was determined using binary and multivariate logistic regressions. Results A total of 203 students with a mean age of 20.76 ± 2.73 years completed the study. The total mean ACE score was 4.58 ± 1.59, and the total mean psychological distress score was 20.76 ± 6.31. Most of the participants (86.7%) experienced ACEs, 14.8% reported experiencing one ACE, 30.5% reported experiencing 2–3 ACEs, and 41.3% reported experiencing 4+ ACEs. Further, about 85% of the youth have experienced at least one form of sexual abuse during childhood, and females reported a higher number of ACEs than males. Sexual abuse (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 2.36, 7.65), physical neglect (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.57, 5.31), overall ACE exposure (OR = 6.66; 95% CI: 2.41, 18.42), having 1 ACE (OR = 4.40; 95% CI: 1.32, 14.70), having 2–3 ACEs (OR = 4.13; 95% CI: 1.39, 12.29), and having 4+ (OR = 11.67; 95% CI: 3.95, 34.45) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusions ACEs are prevalent among young adults and are associated with psychological distress in adulthood. Furthermore, parental factors are associated with ACEs and psychological distress. Thus, implementation of school, community-and facility-based routine mental health screening programs is essential for prompt identification, prevention, and treatment of youth with childhood adversities and poor mental health outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-021-00587-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Patience Nnaji
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Evelyn Nwanebe Nwagu
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Cylia Nkechi Iweama
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Lawretta Eyuche Ozoemena
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Chike Abba
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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25
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Singh A, Dasgupta M, Retherford D, Fiallo-Scharer R, Simpson PM, Panepinto JA. Measurement properties of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System domains for children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:335-344. [PMID: 33026680 PMCID: PMC8185634 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) includes numerous domains to assess functioning among the pediatric population. These domains, however, have not been evaluated for use in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective of this study was to determine the measurement properties of PROMIS domains (pain behavior, pain quality, physical stress experience, physical activity, strength impact, and profile-25) in children with T1D. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of children with T1Drecruited from tertiary care facilities. To determine construct validity, we compared PROMIS T-scores between known-groups based on (a) glycemic control, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c%) and (b) self-reported general health, using t test or analysis of variance. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and item response theory reliability. We also determined agreement between parent-proxy and child self-report PROMIS scores. RESULTS Our study included 192 children, mean age 12.7 (SD = 2.9) years, eligible to self-report PROMIS surveys. There were significant differences in physical stress experience and pain intensity between children with HbA1c < 10% and those with HbA1c ≥ 10%. There also were significant differences in T-scores for all domains except physical function mobility and strength impact among children with poor/fair, good, very good/excellent general health. All valid domains had reliability >0.70. More than 40% of child-parent pairs were in agreement, with intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC) ranging between 0.41 and 0.63 for all domains, except pain behavior (%agreement = 23%; ICC = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Most of the PROMIS domains tested are valid, reliable, and able to differentiate children with T1D who report different general health states. There is moderate agreement between child-parent pairs for all domains except pain behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mahua Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Dawn Retherford
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rosanna Fiallo-Scharer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pippa M. Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julie A. Panepinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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26
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Kuper JL, Turanovic JJ. Undoing resilience: immigrant status and poor health following incarceration. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33547520 PMCID: PMC7866741 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, foreign-born persons often have better health outcomes than their native-born peers, despite exposure to adversity. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this pattern extends to the consequences of life events, such as incarceration, that separate immigrants from their supportive networks and increase exposure to adversity. Accordingly, using four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, hierarchical generalized linear models were used to examine within-individual changes in self-rated health following first incarceration (N = 31,202 person-waves). RESULTS The results showed that incarceration was associated with modest health declines that were similar in magnitude for immigrant and native-born persons. Supplemental analyses revealed that these effects did not vary by immigrant race or ethnicity, or by age at immigration. The only exception was for immigrants from low- and middle-income countries, who were marginally less likely to experience health declines following incarceration. CONCLUSIONS In general, incarceration appears to be similarly health damaging for immigrants and non-immigrants. These findings raise important questions about how incarceration is linked to health declines for foreign- and native-born populations and emphasize the importance of access to healthcare for individuals released from correctional facilities. More research is needed, however, to further examine the cumulative impacts of incarceration on immigrants' health across the life course, and to assess a broader spectrum of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Kuper
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jillian J Turanovic
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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27
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Benestad MR, Drageset J, Clemm H, Røksund OD, Vollsæter M, Halvorsen T, Hysing M, Vederhus BJ. Self-Reported Health in Adolescents With Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction; A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:617759. [PMID: 34307244 PMCID: PMC8295467 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.617759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is common in young people with exertional breathing difficulties. Psychological characteristics have been proposed as underlying contributors; however, the evidence for this is limited. Objectives: Describe self-reported health, self-efficacy, and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with EILO, and address possible associations with EILO subtypes and severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 71/180 (39%) adolescents tested for EILO at Haukeland University Hospital during 2014-2016, age range 14-18 years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess general self-rated health, subjective health complaints (Health Behavior in School-aged Children-Symptom Check List; HBSC-SCL), general self-efficacy (GSE), and anxiety symptoms (SCARED). The outcomes were compared with normative data from comparable unselected populations. Results: The HBSC-SCL items for somatic complaints revealed weekly or more often occurrence of headache in 42%, abdominal pain in 30%, backache in 31%, and dizziness in 32%. For psychological complaints, corresponding figures were 26% for feeling low, 43% for irritability or bad mood, 33% for feeling nervous, and 38% for sleep problems. Mean (range) GSE score was 3.13 (2.2-4.0), and reports suggesting anxiety symptoms were rare. The outcomes were in line with normative data from comparable unselected populations. Self-rated health, and scores obtained for HBSC-SCL, GSE, and SCARED were similarly distributed across EILO subtypes and severity. Conclusion: Self-reported health, self-efficacy, and level of anxiety symptoms in adolescents with laryngoscopically confirmed EILO were similar to data obtained in comparable unselected populations, irrespective of EILO subtype and severity. The findings challenge the notion that pediatric EILO is causally related to psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete R Benestad
- The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Drageset
- The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hege Clemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ola D Røksund
- The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Vollsæter
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente J Vederhus
- The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Garst BA, Bowers EP, Stephens LE. A randomized study of CrossFit Kids for fostering fitness and academic outcomes in middle school students. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2020; 83:101856. [PMID: 32841825 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of school-based physical education (PE), a strength and conditioning program called CrossFit Kids (CFK) has emerged as a potential intervention for positively impacting students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate through a randomized-controlled trial how academic and health-related fitness outcomes differed for middle school students (age = 12.73; 55.3 % male) who participated in a school-based CFK program (n=72) as compared to a group of students who participated in PE class (n=72). Questionnaire data were collected twice across the 9-month academic year and combined with FitnessGram and grade data. Students in both the intervention and comparison groups increased in health-related fitness outcomes (all p values < .017), and there was a significant treatment group by time interaction on school-reported grades [F(1, 124) = 7.270, p = .008, η_P^2 = .055]. Significant gender by time interaction effects were found for the relationship between CFK or PE participation and health-related fitness outcomes, but there were no significant interaction effects by gender on academic outcomes. Because developmental outcomes are conditional and result from the coaction of many factors, the findings suggest that some elements of CFK might be beneficial to build skills yet disadvantageous to academic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Garst
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, USA.
| | - Edmond P Bowers
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, USA
| | - Lauren E Stephens
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, USA
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29
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The Compounding Effect of Race/Ethnicity and Disability Status on Children's Health and Health Care by Geography in the United States. Med Care 2020; 58:1059-1068. [PMID: 33177369 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the potential compounding effect of race/ethnicity, and disability status on children's health and health care, stratified by selected geographies. METHODS We used the 2011/2012 NSCH and the 2012 Boston Survey of Children's Health for our compounded disparity analysis. We used VanderWheel and Knol method to first predict combined risk ratios of race/ethnicity and disability and then compared them with the observed combined risk ratios. RESULTS We demonstrated that racial/ethnic minority children with disabilities experience additional disparities in health care access outcomes that are greater than the sum of the effects from either characteristic alone. Further, we demonstrate that disparities persist across all selected geographies irrespective of whether children lived in states or metropolitan cities with the best health care systems in the United States. CONCLUSIONS Despite reform efforts, our study demonstrates that racial/ethnic minority children with disabilities experience a double burden. Given the deleterious compounded disparities, public health and social service programs at all geographical levels should prioritize identifying participants that face this and tailor programs to meet their needs.
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30
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Koyama Y, Fujiwara T, Isumi A, Doi S. Is Japan's child allowance effective for the well-being of children? A statistical evaluation using data from K-CHILD study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1503. [PMID: 33023534 PMCID: PMC7542372 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child allowance payment is one form of social security policy that aims to mitigate the child poverty gap by providing financial support to families. This study aimed to explore the impact of the child allowance on children’s physical and mental health (BMI, problem behavior, depression, and self-rated health), and parental investment in child health (children’s material goods, family events, extracurricular activities, interaction with children, and involvement in child maltreatment). Methods We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study. Participants were 1st, 5th and 8th grade children living in Kochi prefecture in Japan (N = 8207). Caregivers reported children’s child allowance status, BMI and behavior problems, while children filled out a self-assessment on depression and health condition. Propensity score matching analysis regarding potential confounders was used. Results We found that children in families that received child allowance showed a smaller total difficulties score by 1.29 points (95% CI: − 2.32 to − 0.25) and a lower risk of overweight (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.91) although there is no association with underweight, prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Parental investment did not differ by child allowance status (p > 0.05). Conclusions Child allowance was found to be potentially beneficial in decreasing behavior problems and reducing child overweight. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate how child allowance is used by family members and associated with children’s well-being. (230/350 words)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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31
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Understanding coastal public health: Employment, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with geographical inequalities. The HUNT study, Norway. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113286. [PMID: 32861971 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have shown an international trend of decline in small-scale fishing; a longstanding and vital industry for numerous coastal populations. The decline has resulted in a loss of livelihoods in many coastal communities, potentially afflicting public health. Still, knowledge about the health situation of these areas is limited. Former studies on coastal health have primarily defined coastal areas based solely on their proximity to the coast, therefore not targeting the traditional coastal communities with longstanding coastal involvement through small-scale fishing. In this paper, we aim to illuminate the health situation in these areas by introducing a more fine-grained classification of the coastal study population; considering both geographical proximity to the coast, population density and employment in fishing. Using data from the Norwegian population-based HUNT Study, we perform individual and simultaneous adjustments for employment, behavioural and psychosocial factors to assess the contributions of these factors to the association between geographical affiliation and self-rated general health. The rural coastal areas with a history of small-scale fishing show a poorer health situation compared to urban coastal, rural inland and rural fjord populations, and behavioural factors contribute the most to the observed health disparities. Our findings encourage greater focus on societal differences between coastal communities when studying coastal health.
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32
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Leung CW, Farooqui S, Wolfson JA, Cohen AJ. Understanding the Cumulative Burden of Basic Needs Insecurities: Associations With Health and Academic Achievement Among College Students. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:275-278. [PMID: 32783461 PMCID: PMC8754159 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120946210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Food insecurity is a concern on college campuses and is correlated with other basic needs insecurities. We examined the cumulative burden of food, financial, and housing insecurities on college students' health and academic performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Large, public Midwestern university. SAMPLE A total of 793 college students completed an online survey in 2018 (43% response rate). MEASURES Food, financial, and housing insecurity were measured using validated instruments. Primary outcomes were general health status, anxiety and depression, and grade point average (GPA). ANALYSIS Weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between cumulative basic needs insecurities and primary outcomes. RESULTS Approximately 11% of students experienced all 3 insecurities. Compared to fully secure students, students with all 3 insecurities were more likely to have anxiety and depression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.65, 95% CI: 4.31-5.01), fair/poor health (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.73-4.42), and lower GPA (β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.09), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSION Interventions that address multiple basic needs insecurities are needed to promote college students' well-being and foster academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1259University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Farooqui
- Department of Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1259University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Health Management and Policy, 1259University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia J Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, 12321Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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33
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Koyama Y, Fujiwara T, Isumi A, Doi S. Degree of influence in class modifies the association between social network diversity and well-being: Results from a large population-based study in Japan. Soc Sci Med 2020; 260:113170. [PMID: 32712555 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social network diversity can be associated with physical and mental health among adolescents, which might be modified by their perceived degree of influence in class. We aimed to examine the association between social network diversity and physical and mental health, and to elucidate its effect modification by perceived degree of influence in class. METHODS Data were obtained from the Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study in 2016, which targeted 5th, 8th and 11th grade children living in Kochi Prefecture in Japan (N = 9998). Social network diversity accounted for the number of social roles in which adolescents had regular contact. Degree of influence in class, depression (using Depression Self-Rating Scale for children (DSRS)) and self-rated health were assessed by children, and behavior problem and prosocial behavior (using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)) was assessed by caregivers. RESULTS Significant association of social network diversity with depression (Coefficient (B) = -0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.68 to -0.50), self-rated health (B = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.11), behavior problem (B = -0.71, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.61) and prosocial behavior (B = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.11) were found. The association with depression and self-rated health was stronger among children with perceived low degree of influence (both p for interaction < 0.001). A similar trend was observed for behavior problem (p for interaction = 0.053), but effect modification was not found for the association between social network diversity and prosocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS Social network diversity was beneficial for adolescent physical and mental health, especially for children with perceived lower degree of influence in class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan.
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
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Sense of Coherence in Association with Stress Experience and Health in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093003. [PMID: 32357461 PMCID: PMC7246660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between sex, age, socio-economic status, stress, sense of coherence (SOC), and health (mental wellbeing, depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and subjective health complaints) in Norwegian adolescents aged 13–19 years. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential protective or compensatory role from SOC on the association between stress and health. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 1233 adolescents. Data were analyzed with descriptive, comparative, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Girls reported significantly higher scores on depressive symptoms and subjective health complaints than boys. Stress was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms. SOC associated significantly with all outcome variables; and especially with mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms. Significant interaction effects of sex in combination with stress and SOC were found in association with depression and mental wellbeing. Associations were strongest for girls. Conclusion: The findings provided support for the significant role of SOC as a coping resource, especially in relation to adolescents’ mental health; weaker associations were found with subjective health complains and self-rated health. The findings also mainly supported a compensatory role of SOC on the association between stress and health during adolescence.
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Impact of Medical Home on Health Care of Children With and Without Special Health Care Needs: Update from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. Matern Child Health J 2020; 23:1500-1507. [PMID: 31222602 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The medical home has been promoted as an optimal model of health care delivery for children. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between having access to a medical home and the health care experiences of children with and without special health care needs (SHCN) in the United States. Methods We analyzed data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. We modeled logistic regressions to assess associations of having access to a medical home with health care experiences for 11,392 CSHCN and 38,820 non-CSHCN. Results We found that not having access to a medical home was negatively associated with preventive medical and dental care visits, greater unmet medical and dental needs, and hospital emergency room visits. Additionally, not having access to a medical home was negatively associated with the physical and oral health among CSHCN and oral health among non-CSHCN. However, we found no significant association between improved physical health status and having access to a medical home among non-CSHCN. Conclusions Results from our analysis suggest that having access to a medical home remains key determinant of improved health care experiences by CSHCN and non-CSHCN in the United States. Our findings underscore the need to develop policies and implement a more concerted program to increase access to health care delivered under the medical home model for CSHCN and non-CSHCN. Policymakers, health care administrators and physician groups can use these findings to inform future policy decisions and service delivery reforms.
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Yaya S, Bishwajit G. Patterns of Physical Activity and Self-rated Health Among Adult Populations in South Asia. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2020; 9:e347. [PMID: 33062399 PMCID: PMC7538877 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2020.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although South Asians are considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, research evidence on the health impacts of physical activity (PA) remains very limited. In this study we aimed to explore the patterns of PA and to investigate whether engaging in regular PA is associated with better Self-Rated Health (SRH) among South Asians. Methods: Cross-sectional data on population health were drawn from the World Health Survey of WHO. Subjects were 28,020 male and female South Asians (from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The proportion of the sample population reported good SRH was 44.3%, 58.7%, 37.7%, and 73.7% in Bangladeshis, Indians, Nepalese, and Sri Lankans, respectively. Regular engagement in moderate PA was highest in Nepal (69.7%) and lowest in Bangladesh (37.4%). Vigorous PA was highest in India (29.9%) and lowest in Bangladesh (17.9%). In Bangladesh, compared to those never engaged in MPA, those who engaged for 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, or 7 days a week were 30% [AOR=1.306; 95%CI 1.085-1.572], 33% [AOR=1.326; 95%CI 1.093-1.609], 39% [AOR=1.389; 95%CI 1.125-1.716], and 46% [AOR=1.459; 95%CI 1.249-1.705] more likely to report being in good health, respectively. Conclusions: We found that self-reported engagement in physical activities varies in South Asian countries. Since engaging in PA may help improve subjective and objective health status, health policy makers need to focus on designing exercise-friendly neighbourhoods in an attempt to promote population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Yaya
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ghose Bishwajit
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Food science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Berg C, Larsson C. Dieting, body weight concerns and health: trends and associations in Swedish schoolchildren. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:187. [PMID: 32024489 PMCID: PMC7003420 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dieting is a risk factor of both eating disorders and obesity. The aim was to examine time trends of dieting in Swedish adolescents, and explore how dieting and body weight dissatisfaction are related to self-reported health, wellbeing and health behaviours. Methods Analyses of cross-sectional Swedish data from HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) surveys 1994–2014. In total, about 30,000 girls and boys in the age of 11, 13 and 15 years participated. Data was collected by using classroom administered questionnaires in 5th, 7th and 9th grade. Logistic regressions was used to analyse secular trends of dieting, and how dieting and body dissatisfaction were associated with self-reported overall health, health behaviours, BMI and various physical, psychological and social aspects of health in 2014. Results Dieting increased from 1994 to 2014 in both girls and boys in all age groups, and in 2014, the prevalence was 14% in girls and 8% in boys. The prevalence of body satisfaction was 65% respectively 69%. Body weight dissatisfaction and dieting were present in all body weight classes and were associated with self-reported poor health and many other negative health aspects. In comparison with the participants that were satisfied with their body weight the odds ratio (95% CI) for self-reported poor health was 3.4 (2.6–4.4) in dieters, 4.9 (3.8–6.4) in participants who perceived a need to lose weight and 2.1 (1.5–2.8) in those who perceived a need to gain weight, when adjusting for age, sex and body weight class. Conclusions When promoting health among school age children body weight dissatisfaction and dieting ought to be considered. Furthermore, it is important to support girls and boys in all weight classes to reach and maintain a healthy body image and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Berg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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McFarland MJ, Geller A, McFarland C. Police contact and health among urban adolescents: The role of perceived injustice. Soc Sci Med 2019; 238:112487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Didsbury M, van Zwieten A, Chen K, James LJ, Francis A, Kim S, McTaggart S, Walker A, Mackie F, Kara T, Prestidge C, Teixeira-Pinto A, Barton B, Lorenzo J, Lah S, Howard K, Nassar N, Au E, Tong A, Craig JC, Wong G. The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and parent-rated health in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease-the Kids with CKD (KCAD) study. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:1237-1245. [PMID: 30788589 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of socioeconomic disadvantage and parent-rated health in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS A total of 377 children (aged 6-18 years) with CKD stages I-V (n = 199), on dialysis (n = 43), or with a kidney transplant (n = 135) were recruited from 2012 to 2016 in Australia and New Zealand. Associations of five socioeconomic status (SES) components and the global SES index with parent-rated health of the child were examined using adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS The median age of participants was 12.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 8.9-15.5). In the entire cohort, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor parent-rated health were 1.85 (1.13-3.03) for lower household income, 1.78 (1.08-2.96) for families that did not own their own home, 2.50 (1.50-4.16) for caregivers who rated their financial status as poor, 0.84 (0.51-1.38) for lower educational attainment, and 1.68 (1.04-2.72) for children whose primary caregivers were unemployed. With reference to the highest global SES index quartile, adjusted ORs for poor parent-rated health in descending order were 1.49 (0.69-3.21), 2.11 (1.06-4.20), and 2.20 (1.09-4.46), respectively. The association between low SES and poor parent-rated health was modified by CKD stage, where lower global SES index was independently associated with poor parent-rated health in children with CKD stages I-V, but not children on dialysis or with kidney transplants (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Low SES is associated with poor parent-rated health in children with CKD stages I-V, but not children on dialysis and with kidney transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Didsbury
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anita van Zwieten
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kerry Chen
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Laura J James
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Francis
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Child & Adolescent Renal Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Siah Kim
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven McTaggart
- Child & Adolescent Renal Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Walker
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Mackie
- Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital at Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tonya Kara
- Department of Nephrology, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chanel Prestidge
- Department of Nephrology, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suncica Lah
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Au
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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van Zwieten A, Caldwell P, Howard K, Tong A, Craig JC, Alexander S, Howell M, Armando TP, Hawley C, Jesudason S, Walker A, Mackie F, Kennedy S, McTaggart S, McCarthy H, Carter S, Kim S, Crafter S, Woodleigh R, Guha C, Wong G. NAV-KIDS 2 trial: protocol for a multi-centre, staggered randomised controlled trial of a patient navigator intervention in children with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:134. [PMID: 30999884 PMCID: PMC6471999 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating illness associated with increased mortality, reduced quality of life, impaired growth, neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial maladjustment in children. There is growing evidence of socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes among children with CKD. Patient navigators are trained non-medical personnel who assist patients with chronic conditions journey through the continuum of care and transit across different care settings. They help vulnerable and underserved populations to better understand their diagnosis, treatment options, and available resources, guide them through complex medical systems, and help them to overcome barriers to health care access. Given the complexity and chronicity of the disease process and concerns that current models of care may not adequately support the provision of high-level care in children with CKD from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, a patient navigator program may improve the provision of care and overall health of children with CKD. Methods The NAV-KIDS2 trial is a multi-centre, staggered entry, waitlisted randomised controlled trial assessing the health benefits and costs of a patient navigator program in children with CKD (stages 3–5, on dialysis, and with kidney transplants), who are of low socioeconomic backgrounds. Across 5 sites, 210 patients aged from 3 to 17 years will be randomised to immediate receipt of a patient navigator intervention for 24 weeks or waitlisting with standard care until receipt of a patient navigator at 24 weeks. The primary outcome is child self-rated health (SRH) 6-months after completion of the intervention. Other outcomes include utility-based quality of life, caregiver SRH, satisfaction with healthcare, progression of kidney dysfunction, other biomarkers, missed school days, hospitalisations and mortality. The trial also includes an economic evaluation and process evaluation, which will assess the cost-effectiveness, fidelity and barriers and enablers of implementing a patient navigator program in this setting. Discussion This study will provide clear evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a new intervention aiming to improve overall health and well-being for children with CKD from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, through a high quality, well-powered clinical trial. Trial registration Prospectively registered (12/07/2018) on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001152213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita van Zwieten
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrina Caldwell
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stephen Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Howell
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teixeira-Pinto Armando
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmel Hawley
- Faculty of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilpa Jesudason
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Amanda Walker
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Mackie
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Kennedy
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve McTaggart
- Department of Renal Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugh McCarthy
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Carter
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siah Kim
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Crafter
- Department of Renal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Chandana Guha
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Centre for Kidney Research at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. .,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Azuine RE, Singh GK. Mentoring, Bullying, and Educational Outcomes Among US School-Aged Children 6-17 Years. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:267-278. [PMID: 30734289 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring the optimum development of all children and their attainment of age-appropriate educational outcomes is of great interest to public health researchers and professionals. Bullying and mentoring have opposite effects on child development and educational attainment. Mentoring exerts protective effects on youths against risky behaviors; however, the protective effects of community-oriented natural or informal mentoring on educational outcomes and bullying are largely underexplored. We examine associations between mentoring, bullying, and educational outcomes among US school-aged children 6-17 years. METHODS We analyzed the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 65,593) to estimate prevalence and odds of repeating a grade in school, lower school engagement, and bullying perpetration according to mentoring receipt and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 5.4% of US school-aged children without a mentor perpetrated bullying against other children; 11.4% repeated more than one grade in school; and 23.0% had low school engagement. Children without mentors had 2.1 and 1.3 times higher adjusted odds, respectively, of bullying other children and low school engagement than those with mentors. Proportion of children who bullied others or repeated grades was higher among minority children. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that mentoring may be a pathway for providing programs that prevent bullying and improve educational outcomes among school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuladus E Azuine
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 18N130, Rockville, MD 20857
| | - Gopal K Singh
- Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 13N42, Rockville, MD 20857
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Self-rated health and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3697. [PMID: 30842537 PMCID: PMC6403398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between self-rated health (SRH) and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This cohort study consisted of 250,805 Korean men and women without T2D at baseline. SRH was assessed at baseline with a self-administered structured questionnaire. Incident T2D was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1C ≥6.5%, or use of medication for T2D during follow-up. After adjustment for possible confounders including age, center, year of screening exam, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education level, total calorie intake, body mass index, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, and history of cardiovascular disease, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident T2D comparing good, fair, and poor or very poor SRH to very good SRH were 1.20 (0.98-1.48), 1.63 (1.33-1.98), and 1.83 (1.47-2.27), respectively. These associations were consistently observed in clinically relevant subgroups. Fair or poorer SRH was independently and positively associated with the development of T2D in a large-scale cohort study of apparently healthy Korean adults, indicating that SRH is a predictor of metabolic health. Physicians involved in diabetes screening and management should routinely consider SRH when evaluating T2D risk as well as overall health.
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Barnert ES, Abrams LS, Tesema L, Dudovitz R, Nelson BB, Coker T, Bath E, Biely C, Li N, Chung PJ. Child incarceration and long-term adult health outcomes: a longitudinal study. Int J Prison Health 2019; 14:26-33. [PMID: 29480767 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-09-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although incarceration may have life-long negative health effects, little is known about associations between child incarceration and subsequent adult health outcomes. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed data from 14,689 adult participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to compare adult health outcomes among those first incarcerated between 7 and 13 years of age (child incarceration); first incarcerated at>or=14 years of age; and never incarcerated. Findings Compared to the other two groups, those with a history of child incarceration were disproportionately black or Hispanic, male, and from lower socio-economic strata. Additionally, individuals incarcerated as children had worse adult health outcomes, including general health, functional limitations (climbing stairs), depressive symptoms, and suicidality, than those first incarcerated at older ages or never incarcerated. Research limitations/implications Despite the limitations of the secondary database analysis, these findings suggest that incarcerated children are an especially medically vulnerable population. Practical implications Programs and policies that address these medically vulnerable children's health needs through comprehensive health and social services in place of, during, and/or after incarceration are needed. Social implications Meeting these unmet health and social service needs offers an important opportunity to achieve necessary health care and justice reform for children. Originality/value No prior studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between child incarceration and adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura S Abrams
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lello Tesema
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bergen B Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Tumaini Coker
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eraka Bath
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher Biely
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomathematics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Health Policy, and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- RAND Health, RAND Corp, Santa Monica, California, USA
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van Zwieten A, Saglimbene V, Teixeira-Pinto A, Howell M, Howard K, Craig JC, Wong G. The Impact of Age on Income-Related Health Status Inequalities from Birth to Adolescence: A Systematic Review with Cross-Country Comparisons. J Pediatr 2018; 203:380-390.e14. [PMID: 30266508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of age on associations between household income and overall health from birth to adolescence, and whether age patterns vary by country. It is uncertain whether income-related health inequalities remain stable, widen, or narrow as children age, which impacts optimal timing of equity-focused interventions. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review (CRD42016038583) of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX (full-text), and EconLit (full-text) to April 2017. We included observational studies and trials in children and adolescents (0-18 years of age), examining age differences in associations between income and overall health (self-rated, clinician-rated, proxy-rated). One reviewer extracted data; 2 evaluated risk of bias. RESULTS Thirty-eight articles containing 43 studies (30 cross-sectional, 13 cohort) were identified, from high-income (n = 39) and middle-income (n = 4) countries. In the US (n = 21), positive income-health associations emerged in early childhood, and these inequalities typically widened progressively into adolescence. Relative to 0- to 3-year-olds, ratios of income-health coefficients ranged from 1.10-3.71 for 4-8 years of age, 1.26-3.86 for 9-12 years of age, 1.36-6.71 for 13-17 years. In the United Kingdom and Ireland (n = 8), inequalities emerged in early-to-mid childhood, but age patterns were less consistent. In other high-income countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Republic of Korea), inequalities mostly persisted or widened with age. In middle-income countries, inequalities appeared to narrow (Indonesia n = 2) or persist (Brazil n = 2) with age. Limitations are unclear/high risk of bias and dataset overlap for some studies. CONCLUSIONS In many countries, income-related health status inequalities persist or widen as children age. Interventions that improve health equity early in the life-course are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita van Zwieten
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Valeria Saglimbene
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Howell
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Jaakkola J, Rantanen A, Luopa P, Koivisto AM, Joronen K. Self-rated health, symptoms and health behaviour of upper secondary vocational students by field of study. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 33:144-155. [PMID: 30273958 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the self-rated health, symptoms and health behaviour of upper secondary vocational students in Finland. The data consist of the responses of first- and second-year vocational students (n = 34 554) to the 2013 School Health Promotion Survey. The data were analysed statistically and processed separately for girls and boys. Associations between self-rated health, symptoms and health behaviour and fields of study were examined by cross-tabulation. Statistical significance was measured using the chi-squared test. Self-rated health, symptoms and health behaviour were found to have a statistically significant association with field of study (p < 0.001). Vocational students in different fields had different experiences of health, different symptoms and different health behaviours. The results complement existing evidence about disparities in well-being among young people in the context of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Jaakkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anja Rantanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Luopa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Koivisto
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katja Joronen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Craig BA, Morton DP, Kent LM, Gane AB, Butler TL, Rankin PM, Price KR. Religious Affiliation Influences on the Health Status and Behaviours of Students Attending Seventh-Day Adventist Schools in Australia. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:994-1009. [PMID: 28913748 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Students attending Seventh-day Adventist (Adventist) schools in Australia have been shown to have better health status and behaviours compared to secular norms, yet these schools cater for a high percentage of non-Adventist students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of religious affiliation (Adventist/non-Adventist) on the health status and behaviours of students attending Adventist secondary schools in Australia. The sample included 1734 students who responded to a health and lifestyle survey that captured demographic details, self-reported height and weight, self-reported health status, mental health and select health behaviours. Students who identified themselves as Adventist reported significantly better health behaviours than the non-Adventist students in several behavioural domains, especially among the male students. However, this did not translate to a difference in health status. Further research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms responsible for the potential health advantage of Adventist students, which may include family or church religious influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevan Adrian Craig
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia.
| | - Darren Peter Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - Lillian Marton Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - Alva Barry Gane
- Avondale Seminary, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, Australia
| | - Terry Leslie Butler
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - Paul Meredith Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - Kevin Ross Price
- Adventist Health, Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia
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Duke NN, Borowsky IW. Health Status of Adolescents Reporting Experiences of Adversity. Glob Pediatr Health 2018; 5:2333794X18769555. [PMID: 29687049 PMCID: PMC5900812 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x18769555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent health indicators among a sample of 8th, 9th, and 11th graders participating in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. Logistic regression was used to determine whether 10 types of ACEs were associated with health indicators that may link to health in adulthood, including self-rated health, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, and dietary and physical activity participation after adjustment for demographic covariates. Individual and cumulative ACEs measures were significantly associated with adverse health indicators, including poorer self-rated health, increased odds of BMI ≥85% and frequent fast food intake, and reduced odds of adequate sleep duration, daily fruit intake, and physical activity participation on most days of the week. Findings advocate screening for ACEs as a means to inform anticipatory guidance strategies and to support development of care models that are relevant and responsive to youth and family needs.
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Craig BA, Morton DP, Kent LM, Butler TL, Rankin PM, Price KR. The Body Mass Index of Adolescents Attending Seventh-Day Adventist Schools in Australia: 2001-2012. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:630-637. [PMID: 28691170 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the body mass index (BMI) of students attending Seventh-day Adventist (Adventist) schools in Australia in 2001 and 2012. METHODS A total of 3069 students attending Adventist schools in Australia responded to a health and lifestyle survey in 2001 (N = 1335) and 2012 (N = 1734). The survey captured self-reported height and weight, demographics (age, sex, year level, religion), and select health behaviors. RESULTS Compared with national norms, lower rates of overweight and obesity were observed in the study cohort, but higher rates of underweight. There was no change in the mean BMI of the students attending Adventist schools in Australia from 2001 to 2012. Regression analyses indicated that a lower BMI was associated with age, sex, more regularly eating breakfast, consuming less soft drink, and having a regular exercise program. The students reported a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains compared with Australian national norms, and 29% claimed to be vegetarian. CONCLUSIONS Students attending Adventist schools appear to have a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity than the secular population, but a higher prevalence of underweight. The mechanisms through which Adventist schools may influence student's BMI warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevan A Craig
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Darren P Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Lillian M Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Terry L Butler
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Paul M Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, PO Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Kevin R Price
- Adventist Health Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Australia, 148 Fox Valley Road, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
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Adolescent Mothers in Foster Care: Relational Ethics, Depressive Symptoms and Health Problems Through a Contextual Therapy Lens. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-017-9417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Akobirshoev I, Bowser D, Parish SL, Thomas C, Bachman SS. Does Parental Health Mediate the Relationship between Parental Uninsurance and Insured Children's Health Outcomes? Evidence from a U.S. National Survey. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2017; 42:e68-e76. [PMID: 28339895 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the United States has made great strides in ensuring near universal health care access for children, the health insurance coverage gap between children and their parents remains high. This study analyzed aggregated data from the 2006-2013 National Health Interview Survey to investigate the direct relationships between parental uninsurance and children's health outcomes. Authors explored how parental health mediates the relationship between parents' health and children's health outcomes. Results suggest that insured children of uninsured parents have worse health status and are at higher risk of asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, learning disabilities, and mental disabilities compared with insured children of insured parents. Parental health mediated this relationship. These findings illuminate the pathway between parental uninsurance and child health outcomes and suggest that policies that provide health insurance coverage to both children and their parents may improve both parental health and children's health outcomes. This study fills an important gap in the literature related to how parental uninsurance affects children's health outcomes mediated by the impact of uninsurance on parental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhom Akobirshoev
- MS Program in Global Health Policy and Management, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, and School of Social Work, Boston University
| | - Diana Bowser
- MS Program in Global Health Policy and Management, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, and School of Social Work, Boston University
| | - Susan L Parish
- MS Program in Global Health Policy and Management, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, and School of Social Work, Boston University
| | - Cindy Thomas
- MS Program in Global Health Policy and Management, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, and School of Social Work, Boston University
| | - Sara S Bachman
- MS Program in Global Health Policy and Management, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, and School of Social Work, Boston University
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