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Baiden P, Graaf G, Okine L, LaBrenz C. Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Unmet Health Care Needs among Children in the United States. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:261-275. [PMID: 38459692 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2323137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Although studies have investigated and found an association between adverse childhood experiences and poor health and mental health outcomes, there is a dearth of studies investigating the association between adverse childhood experiences and unmet health care needs among children. The objective of this study is to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and unmet health care needs after adjusting for predisposing, enabling, and need factors of health care service utilization. Data for this study came from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. An analytic sample of 46,081 children (51.3% males; average age 11.5 years) was analyzed using negative binomial regression. Based on parent reports, about 3.5% of children had unmet health care needs, and half (50%) of the sample had experienced at least one childhood adversity. Controlling for other factors, children who experienced three or more childhood adversities had 4.51 times higher odds of having unmet health care needs (AOR = 4.51, p < .001, 95% CI = 3.15-6.45) when compared to their counterparts with no childhood adversity. Children with parents who have someone to turn to for everyday emotional support were 31% less likely to have unmet health care needs (AOR = .69, p < .01, 95% CI = .54-.89). Adverse childhood experiences have a detrimental effect on unmet health care needs. The findings of this study offer an important opportunity for further research on how best to prevent adverse childhood experiences and mitigate their impact on families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Genevieve Graaf
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Lucinda Okine
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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Lee D, Lee JH, Kwak YH, Suh D, Kwon H, Kim DK, Jung JH, Park JW, Lee HN, Kim JH. The Barriers to Recognizing and Reporting Child Physical Abuse by Emergency Physicians and Associated Factors. Pediatr Emerg Care 2024:00006565-990000000-00419. [PMID: 38498930 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the reporting rate of child abuse is increasing every year, the child abuse detection rate is 3.81% as of 2019 in Korea, which is significantly lower than that of developed countries for child rights. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associated factors with barriers that emergency physicians face in recognizing and reporting cases of child abuse. METHODS From May to July 2022, 240 emergency physicians working in the 15 emergency department were asked to participate in the survey via email. The questionnaire included the respondent's basic information, treatment experience for child abuse, reasons for reporting or not reporting, and opinions on measures to increase the reporting rate. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to discern the factors contributing to underreporting. RESULTS Seventy-one individuals were included in the analysis, after excluding those who had never encountered suspected cases of child abuse. A multivariable logistic regression was performed with the above variables, and although it was not statistically significant, there was a tendency for workers to report well when working at a pediatric emergency department (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.97 [0.98-16.09]). The primary reason for reporting suspected abuse was the pattern of damage suspected of abuse. The first reason for not reporting suspected abuse was because they were not sure it was child abuse. Respondents answered that to report better, a quick and appropriate response from the police and confidentiality of the reporter were needed. CONCLUSIONS Physicians in pediatric emergency departments demonstrated a tendency for more proactive reporting suspected cases of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Lee
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dongbum Suh
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuksool Kwon
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Wan Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ni Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kulak MJ, Lewis-de los Angeles W, Daniels TE, Mathis KJ, Gobin AP, Laumann LE, Beck Q, Tyrka AR. Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Healthy Young Adults With Early Life Stress. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:72-82. [PMID: 38153259 PMCID: PMC10922275 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between early life stress (ELS) and metabolic risk in healthy young adults and assess the role of health behaviors. METHODS Young adults aged 18 to 40 years ( N = 190) with no medical conditions or medication usage were recruited from the community. Participants with ELS ( N = 113) had a history of childhood maltreatment, and most also experienced parental loss ( n = 88). Controls ( N = 77) had no history of maltreatment or parental loss. Standardized interviews and self-reports assessed demographics, adversity, medical/psychiatric history, and health behaviors. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and fasting plasma assayed for lipid profiles, glucose, insulin level, and hemoglobin A 1c . We calculated both a clinical cut-point and continuous composite metabolic risk score based on clinical risk factors and the mean of z scores of each measure, respectively. RESULTS ELS was significantly associated with increased clinical cut-point ( β = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20-1.17, p = .006) and continuous ( β = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08-0.038, p = .003) composite metabolic risk scores. On sensitivity analysis, the association of ELS with the continuous composite metabolic risk score was reduced to a trend after adjusting for a range of psychosocial and health predictors ( β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.00-0.36, p = .053), with both diet and college graduate status significant in the model. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young adults with a history of ELS have increased metabolic risk scores as compared with controls. This relationship may be partially due to health behaviors and socioeconomic factors. These findings underline that ELS is an early contributor to metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J. Kulak
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Lewis-de los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Bradley Hospital, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa E. Daniels
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen J. Mathis
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- University of Rhode Island College of Nursing, Kingston, RI
| | - Asi P. Gobin
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Quincy Beck
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Foright RM, McQuillan TE, Frick JM, Minchella PM, Levasseur BM, Tinoco O, Birmingham L, Blankenship AE, Thyfault JP, Christianson JA. Exposure to early-life stress impairs weight-loss maintenance success in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:131-140. [PMID: 38131100 PMCID: PMC10751986 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of early-life stress on weight-loss maintenance is unknown. METHODS Mice underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from 0 to 3 weeks and were weaned onto a high-fat sucrose diet (HFSD) from 3 to 20 weeks. Calorie-restricted weight loss on a low-fat sucrose diet (LFSD) occurred over 2 weeks to induce a 20% loss in body weight, which was maintained for 6 weeks. After weight loss, half of the mice received running wheels, and the other half remained sedentary. Mice were then fed ad libitum on an HFSD or LFSD for 10 weeks and were allowed to regain body weight. RESULTS NMS mice had greater weight regain, total body weight, and adiposity compared with naïve mice. During the first week of refeeding, NMS mice had increased food intake and were in a greater positive energy balance than naïve mice. Female mice were more susceptible to NMS-induced effects, including increases in adiposity. NMS and naïve females were more susceptible to HFSD-induced weight regain. Exercise was beneficial in the first week of regain in male mice, but, long-term, only those on the LFSD benefited from exercise. As expected, HFSD led to greater weight regain than LFSD. CONCLUSIONS Early-life stress increases weight regain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tara E McQuillan
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jenna M Frick
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Paige M Minchella
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brittni M Levasseur
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Omar Tinoco
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lauryn Birmingham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Anneka E Blankenship
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research
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Chiu DT, Brown EM, Tomiyama AJ, Brownell KE, Abrams B, Mujahid MS, Epel ES, Laraia BA. Adverse Childhood Experiences and BMI: Lifecourse Associations in a Black-White U.S. Women Cohort. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:73-82. [PMID: 37690590 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been positively associated with adiposity, few studies have examined long-term race-specific ACE-BMI relationships. METHODS A Black and White all-women cohort (N=611; 48.6% Black) was followed between 1987 and 1997 from childhood (ages 9-10 years) through adolescence (ages 19-20 years) to midlife (ages 36-43 years, between 2015 and 2019). In these 2020-2022 analyses, the interaction between race and individual ACE exposures (physical abuse, sexual abuse, household substance abuse, multiple ACEs) on continuous BMI at ages 19-20 years and midlife was evaluated individually through multivariable linear regression models. Stratification by race followed as warranted at α=0.15. RESULTS Race only modified ACE-BMI associations for sexual abuse. Among Black women, sexual abuse was significantly associated with BMI (Badjusted=3.24, 95% CI=0.92, 5.57) at ages 19-20 years and marginally associated at midlife (Badjusted=2.37, 95% CI= -0.62, 5.35); among White women, corresponding associations were null. Overall, having ≥2 ACEs was significantly associated with adolescent BMI (Badjusted=1.47, 95% CI=0.13, 2.80) and was marginally associated at midlife (Badjusted=1.45, 95% CI= -0.31, 3.22). This was similarly observed for physical abuse (adolescent BMI: Badjusted=1.23, 95% CI= -0.08, 2.54; midlife BMI: Badjusted=1.03, 95% CI= -0.71, 2.78), but not for substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS Direct exposure to certain severe ACEs is associated with increased BMI among Black and White women. It is important to consider race, ACE type, and life stage to gain a more sophisticated understanding of ACE-BMI relationships. This knowledge can help strengthen intervention, prevention, and policy efforts aiming to mitigate the impacts of social adversities and trauma on persistent cardiometabolic health disparities over the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy T Chiu
- Community Health Sciences Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California; Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Erika M Brown
- Community Health Sciences Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California; California Policy Lab, Berkeley, California
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristy E Brownell
- Community Health Sciences Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Barbara Abrams
- Epidemiology Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Mahasin S Mujahid
- Epidemiology Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; The Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- Community Health Sciences Division, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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6
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Spencer CN, Khalil M, Herbert M, Aravkin AY, Arrieta A, Baeza MJ, Bustreo F, Cagney J, Calderon-Anyosa RJC, Carr S, Chandan JK, Coll CVN, de Andrade FMD, de Andrade GN, Debure AN, Flor LS, Hammond B, Hay SI, Knaul FN, Lim RQH, McLaughlin SA, Minhas S, Mohr JK, Mullany EC, Murray CJL, O'Connell EM, Patwardhan V, Reinach S, Scott D, Sorenson RJD, Stein C, Stöckl H, Twalibu A, Vasconcelos N, Zheng P, Metheny N, Chandan JS, Gakidou E. Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study. Nat Med 2023; 29:3243-3258. [PMID: 38081957 PMCID: PMC10719101 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The health impacts of intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse are not fully understood. Here we conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching seven electronic databases for literature on intimate partner violence-associated and childhood sexual abuse-associated health effects. Following the burden of proof methodology, we evaluated the evidence strength linking intimate partner violence and/or childhood sexual abuse to health outcomes supported by at least three studies. Results indicated a moderate association of intimate partner violence with major depressive disorder and with maternal abortion and miscarriage (63% and 35% increased risk, respectively). HIV/AIDS, anxiety disorders and self-harm exhibited weak associations with intimate partner violence. Fifteen outcomes were evaluated for their relationship to childhood sexual abuse, which was shown to be moderately associated with alcohol use disorders and with self-harm (45% and 35% increased risk, respectively). Associations between childhood sexual abuse and 11 additional health outcomes, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, were found to be weak. Although our understanding remains limited by data scarcity, these health impacts are larger in magnitude and more extensive than previously reported. Renewed efforts on violence prevention and evidence-based approaches that promote healing and ensure access to care are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory N Spencer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariam Khalil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly Herbert
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Y Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alejandra Arrieta
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - María Jose Baeza
- School of Medicine, The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Flavia Bustreo
- Fondation Botnar, Basel, Switzerland
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jack Cagney
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sinclair Carr
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jaidev Kaur Chandan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolina V N Coll
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandra N Debure
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Luisa S Flor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ben Hammond
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Felicia N Knaul
- Institute for the Advanced Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Q H Lim
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan A McLaughlin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonica Minhas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jasleen K Mohr
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin M O'Connell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vedavati Patwardhan
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Dalton Scott
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Reed J D Sorenson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caroline Stein
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aisha Twalibu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Antkowiak L, Boynton-Jarrett R, Chiang SS, Castellon D, Gilbert PB, Juraska M, Sox CM, Huang CC. Violence Exposure Among Women in the Sex Industry and Their Children in El Alto, Bolivia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:736-753. [PMID: 37827582 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study to compare the prevalence of exposure to workplace violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) in 125 female sex workers (FSWs) and 125 age-matched control women working in other professions (non-FSWs) and their children in El Alto, Bolivia. Violence exposure was assessed using the Demographic Health Survey Domestic Violence Module. To determine associations between work type and violence exposure, we conducted multivariate logistic regression. One-third of working mothers experienced sexual IPV, regardless of their profession. FSWs experienced higher rates of severe physical IPV and workplace violence. Children of FSWs were approximately three times more likely to be exposed to violence in the workplace. In Bolivia, strategies to reduce exposure to violence within the home and in FSW workplaces are paramount to minimizing negative impacts on women and their children. These findings have implications for policies to improve education, living wages, and social interventions to prevent and mitigate violence against women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Antkowiak
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Martha Eliot Family Health Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Silvia S Chiang
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for International Health, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin M Sox
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Advocate Health Southeast Region, Section of Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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8
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Foright RM, McQuillan TE, Frick JM, Minchella PM, Levasseur BM, Tinoco O, Birmingham L, Blankenship AE, Thyfault JP, Christianson JA. Exposure to early life stress impairs weight loss maintenance success in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549724. [PMID: 37503190 PMCID: PMC10370125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress increases obesity risk, but its impact on weight loss maintenance is unknown. Mice underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from 0-3 weeks and were weaned onto high fat sucrose diet (HFSD) from 3-20 weeks. Calorie-restricted weight loss on a low fat sucrose diet (LFSD) occurred over 2 weeks to induce a 20% loss in body weight, which was maintained for 6 weeks. After weight loss, half the mice received running wheels (EX) the other half remained sedentary (SED). Mice were then fed ad libitum on HFSD or LFSD for 10 weeks and allowed to regain body weight. NMS mice had greater weight regain, total body weight and adiposity compared to naïve mice. During the first week of refeeding, NMS mice had increased food intake and were in a greater positive energy balance than naïve mice, but total energy expenditure was not affected by NMS. Female mice were more susceptible to NMS-induced effects, including increases in adiposity. NMS and naïve females were more susceptible to HFSD-induce weight regain. Exercise was beneficial in the first week of regain in male mice, but long-term only those on LFSD benefited from EX. As expected, HFSD led to greater weight regain than LFSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tara E McQuillan
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jenna M Frick
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Paige M Minchella
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brittni M Levasseur
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Omar Tinoco
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lauryn Birmingham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Anneka E Blankenship
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research
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9
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Wang YX, Sun Y, Missmer SA, Rexrode KM, Roberts AL, Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW. Association of early life physical and sexual abuse with premature mortality among female nurses: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2023; 381:e073613. [PMID: 37137504 PMCID: PMC10155244 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associations between early life physical and sexual abuse and subsequent risk of premature mortality (death before age 70 years). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Nurses' Health Study II (2001-19). PARTICIPANTS 67 726 female nurses aged 37-54 years when completing a violence victimization questionnaire in 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for total and cause specific premature mortality by childhood or adolescent physical and sexual abuse, estimated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS 2410 premature deaths were identified over 18 years of follow-up. Nurses who experienced severe physical abuse or forced sexual activity in childhood and adolescence had a higher crude premature mortality rate than nurses without such abuse in childhood or adolescence (3.15 v 1.83 and 4.00 v 1.90 per 1000 person years, respectively). The corresponding age adjusted hazard ratios for premature deaths were 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.45 to 1.87) and 2.04 (1.71 to 2.44), respectively, which were materially unchanged after further adjusting for personal characteristics and early life socioeconomic status (1.53, 1.35 to 1.74, and 1.80, 1.50 to 2.15, respectively). Cause specific analyses indicated that severe physical abuse was associated with a greater risk of mortality due to external causes of injury and poisoning (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 2.81, 95% confidence interval 1.62 to 4.89), suicide (3.05, 1.41 to 6.60), and diseases of the digestive system (2.40, 1.01 to 5.68). Forced sexual activity as a child and adolescent was associated with greater risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (2.48, 1.37 to 4.46), external injury or poisoning (3.25, 1.53 to 6.91), suicide (4.30, 1.74 to 10.61), respiratory disease (3.74, 1.40 to 9.99), and diseases of the digestive system (4.83, 1.77 to 13.21). The association of sexual abuse with premature mortality was stronger among women who smoked or had higher levels of anxiety during adulthood. Smoking, low physical activity, anxiety, and depression each explained 3.9-22.4% of the association between early life abuse and premature mortality. CONCLUSION Early life physical and sexual abuse could be associated with a greater risk of adult premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Dugan SA, Karavolos K, Zhang Y, Avery E, Janssen I, Farhi M, Harlow SD, Kravitz HM. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Midlife Women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:293-299. [PMID: 36735600 PMCID: PMC9993161 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Research has shown a link between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and lower urinary tract and sexual disorders in clinical settings. We examined whether CSA was associated with two specific aspects of high tone, elevated resting tension pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in community-dwelling women. Materials and Methods: Data were from 2068 participants (25.5% Black, 9.6% Chinese, 10.8% Japanese, 5.0% Hispanic, and 49.1% Non-Hispanic White) in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multirace/multiethnic longitudinal observational study of women's midlife health. At baseline, enrolled women were 42-52 years old and premenopausal or early perimenopausal. Annual or biennial assessments conducted over 20 years (1996 through 2017) included single-item queries about urgency urinary incontinence and pain with sexual activity used to assess PFD outcomes. The 12th follow-up visit conducted in 2009-2011 assessed the primary exposure, history of CSA, using a single-item response. Multivariate logistic regression models tested study objectives. Results: The prevalence of CSA was 15%, self-reported in 313/2068 women. CSA and PFD, both pain with sexual activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56 confidence interval [95% CI = 1.12-2.18]) and urgency urinary incontinence (OR = 1.87 [95% CI = 1.29-2.71]), were significantly associated in unadjusted models. The final adjusted model that included sociodemographic variables and physical and behavioral risk factors was significant for pain with sexual activity (OR = 1.48 [95% CI = 1.08-2.02]), but not for urgency urinary incontinence (OR = 1.38 [95% CI = 0.96-1.98]). Conclusions: In midlife women, pain with sex, but not urgency urinary incontinence, was associated with a history of CSA. A multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach to PFD is key, inclusive of CSA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A. Dugan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly Karavolos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Rush Bioinformatics and Biostatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Avery
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Farhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Siobán D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard M. Kravitz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Cammack AL, Suglia SF. Mentorship in adolescence and subsequent depression and adiposity among child maltreatment survivors in a United States nationally representative sample. Prev Med 2023; 166:107339. [PMID: 36370893 PMCID: PMC10032646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Hence, there is a great need to identify factors that promote resilience in CM survivors. Mentorship may promote positive coping in CM survivors, but this may vary by health outcome and mentor/mentee characteristics. Among participants in a United States nationally representative sample, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, who retrospectively reported any CM before age 18 (sexual, emotional or physical, abuse or neglect; N = 3364), we examined associations between mentorship during adolescence and body mass index (BMI), obesity, and depressive symptoms at ages 24-32 (in 2008-2009). We utilized linear regression and predictive margins with complex sample weighting. Models were stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Thirty-one percent and 40% of participants' most influential mentor was inside and outside the family, respectively, and 29% reported no mentor. Any mentorship was associated with decreased depressive symptoms in females (adjusted beta for any mentor = -0.78, 95% CI:-1.54,-0.02). By contrast, any mentorship was associated with increased adiposity, namely among Latinas (adjusted beta for BMI = 2.23, 95% CI:0.45,4.02, adjusted risk ratio for obesity = 1.42, 95% CI:1.03,1.97). The influence of mentorship in CM survivors is heterogeneous. While mentorship was associated with reduced psychopathology, it was also linked with worse physical health, underscoring that mentoring does not necessarily promote long-term resilience to physical health outcomes, particularly in minorities. A better understanding of how mentors influence specific mentee behaviors may be important in informing how mentors can promote better physical health and lower obesity risk among CM survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Cammack
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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12
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Pringle D, Suliman S, Seedat S, van den Heuvel LL. The impact of childhood maltreatment on women's reproductive health, with a focus on symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105831. [PMID: 35985071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment leads to lifelong health risks, particularly in women. Although reproductive health has been linked to such maltreatment, limited literature exists on its association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVES In a sample of psychiatrically healthy women, we evaluated the impact of child maltreatment (subtypes of abuse and neglect) on women's reproductive health outcomes, specifically PCOS. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The 237 psychiatrically healthy women, aged between 18 and 79 years, were control participants in a case-control study (SHARED ROOTS), conducted in Cape Town, South Africa, between May 2014 and June 2017. METHODS Probable PCOS was based on a history of symptoms of ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism or a diagnosis of PCOS. We conducted hierarchical logistic regression models to assess which child maltreatment subtypes (emotional, physical and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect) were significantly associated with PCOS, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Probable PCOS was present in 29 (12.2 %) women. Emotional abuse (31.6 %) was the most frequent type of child maltreatment and was significantly associated with PCOS (OR = 5.11, CI 1.87; 13.98), including when other maltreatment types were accounted for (OR = 3.90, CI 1.27; 12.02). Physical abuse was associated with PCOS (OR = 4.21, CI 1.43; 12.38), but was not significant when other maltreatment types were factored in. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment is independently associated with PCOS in women without psychiatric disorders. In the context of all maltreatment subtypes, emotional abuse remained associated with PCOS, suggesting its unique effect on this endocrinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Pringle
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharain Suliman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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13
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Wang L, Zou HO, Liu J, Hong JF. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and overweight, obese, smoking and binge drinking among adult patients with depression in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Miller NE, Lacey RE. Childhood adversity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101260. [PMID: 36238817 PMCID: PMC9550530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that have examined associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adulthood are limited as they mainly focus on childhood maltreatment. This study aimed to examine the association between a range of prospectively and retrospectively reported ACEs and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood. Multiply-imputed data on 8511 participants from the National Child Development Study (1958 British birth cohort) were used. ACEs were prospectively reported at ages 7, 11 and 16, and retrospectively reported at age 33/44/45. Cardiometabolic outcomes assessed at age 44/45 included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), triglycerides, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), body mass index, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome. Parental separation/divorce, physical neglect, emotional neglect and psychological abuse were associated with lower HDL cholesterol. Parental offending and physical neglect were associated with higher triglyceride concentrations. Parental offending was also associated with increased HbA1c. Exposure to 2+ (vs. 0) prospective ACEs was associated with lower HDL cholesterol. All these associations were after adjustment for sex and multiple early life factors. To conclude, several individual ACEs are associated with poorer cardiometabolic risk factor profiles in mid-adulthood. Furthermore, exposure to two or more prospective ACEs is associated with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations in mid-adulthood. Parental separation/divorce in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Physical neglect in childhood is associated with poorer lipid profiles in mid-adulthood. Psychological abuse in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Parental offending in childhood is associated with higher triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin in mid-adulthood.
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15
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Aguayo L, Chirinos DA, Heard-Garris N, Wong M, Davis MM, Merkin SS, Seeman T, Kershaw KN. Association of Exposure to Abuse, Nurture, and Household Organization in Childhood With 4 Cardiovascular Disease Risks Factors Among Participants in the CARDIA Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023244. [PMID: 35475340 PMCID: PMC9238582 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background We investigated associations of childhood abuse with 4 cardiovascular disease risk factors in adulthood, and whether exposure to nurturing and household organization in childhood mitigated these associations. Methods and Results The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study (baseline examination, 1985–1986) was used to examine associations of childhood exposures (measured retrospectively at the year 15 examination) with incident obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (assessed from baseline to year 30). Race‐ and sex‐stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of exposure to childhood abuse with incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. Interaction terms between exposure to abuse and exposure to nurturing relationship and household organization were included to test for effect modifications. Exposure to occasional/frequent abuse (versus no abuse) was associated with incident type 2 diabetes among White men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.06–3.08). Exposure to low versus no abuse was associated with incident hyperlipidemia among White men (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09–1.67) and White women (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01–1.56). Risks of incident hyperlipidemia were higher for White women who experienced abuse and lived in dysfunctional households (HR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.62–8.05) or households with low levels of organization (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.25–3.36) compared with White women who experienced abuse but lived in well‐organized households (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41–1.06). Similar patterns were seen for Black men who lived in dysfunctional households (HR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.29–10.12) or households with low organization (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.08–3.72). Conclusions We identified race‐ and sex‐specific associations of childhood exposures with incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. The associations of household organization and dysfunction with cardiovascular disease risks merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aguayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL.,Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outreach, Research, and Evaluation CenterStanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago IL.,Hubert Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Diana A Chirinos
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outreach, Research, and Evaluation CenterStanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago IL.,Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care Department of Pediatrics Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL.,Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL.,Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outreach, Research, and Evaluation CenterStanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago IL.,Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care Department of Pediatrics Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL.,Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL.,Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL.,Department of Medical Social Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Sharon Stein Merkin
- Division of Geriatrics Los Angeles Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles CA
| | - Teresa Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics Los Angeles Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles CA
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
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16
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Shields AE, Zhang Y, Argentieri MA, Warner ET, Cozier YC, Liu C, Dye CK, Kent BV, Baccarelli AA, Palmer JR. Stress and spirituality in relation to HPA axis gene methylation among US Black women: results from the Black Women's Health Study and the Study on Stress, Spirituality and Health. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1711-1734. [PMID: 34726080 PMCID: PMC8579940 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few epigenetics studies have been conducted within the Black community to examine the impact of diverse psychosocial stressors and resources for resiliency on the stress pathway (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis). Methods: Among 1000 participants from the Black Women's Health Study, associations between ten psychosocial stressors and DNA methylation (DNAm) of four stress-related genes (NR3C1, HSDB1, HSD11B2 and FKBP5) were tested. Whether religiosity or spirituality (R/S) significantly modified these stress-DNAm associations was also assessed. Results: Associations were found for several stressors with DNAm of individual CpG loci and average DNAm levels across each gene, but no associations remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Several R/S variables appeared to modify the relationship between two stressors and DNAm, but no identified interaction remained significant after FDR correction. Conclusion: There is limited evidence for a strong signal between stress and DNAm of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis genes in this general population cohort of US Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - M Austin Argentieri
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6PE, UK
| | - Erica T Warner
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christian K Dye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Blake Victor Kent
- Department of Sociology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA 93108, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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17
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Cozier YC, Barbhaiya M, Castro-Webb N, Conte C, Tedeschi S, Leatherwood C, Costenbader KH, Rosenberg L. Association of Child Abuse and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Black Women During Adulthood. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:833-840. [PMID: 32170851 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to psychosocial stressors may contribute to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through dysregulation of the adaptive stress response. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of childhood physical and sexual abuse to risk of SLE among Black women. METHODS Using data from the Black Women's Health Study, we followed 36,152 women from 1995 through 2015 with biennial questionnaires. Women reported on exposure to abuse during childhood (up to age 11) in 2005. Self-reported cases of incident SLE were confirmed as meeting the American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for SLE among women exposed to physical or sexual abuse during childhood, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS We confirmed 101 cases of incident SLE and identified patients who had completed questions on child abuse during 670,822 person-years of follow-up. Both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were associated with statistically significant increases in SLE incidence. The HR for SLE associated with ≥2 episodes of severe sexual abuse compared to no abuse was 2.51 (95% CI 1.29-4.85) after adjustment for alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, and parental education. The multivariable-adjusted HR for SLE with ≥5 episodes of severe physical abuse was 2.37 (95% CI 1.13-4.99). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sexual and physical abuse during childhood increase SLE risk during adulthood among Black women. Research is necessary both to confirm this finding and to understand potential mediating mechanisms.
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18
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Guzylack-Piriou L, Ménard S. Early Life Exposure to Food Contaminants and Social Stress as Risk Factor for Metabolic Disorders Occurrence?-An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050687. [PMID: 34063694 PMCID: PMC8147825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years and is now the major public health challenge worldwide. While the risks of developing metabolic disorders (MD) including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been historically thought to be essentially driven by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, this is insufficient to account for the observed changes in disease trends. Based on human epidemiological and pre-clinical experimental studies, this overview questioned the role of non-nutritional components as contributors to the epidemic of MD with a special emphasis on food contaminants and social stress. This overview examines the impact of early life adverse events (ELAE) focusing on exposures to food contaminants or social stress on weight gain and T2D occurrence in the offspring and explores potential mechanisms leading to MD in adulthood. Indeed, summing up data on both ELAE models in parallel allowed us to identify common patterns that appear worthwhile to study in MD etiology. This overview provides some evidence of a link between ELAE-induced intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and the occurrence of MD. This overview sums up evidence that MD could have developmental origins and that ELAE are risk factors for MD at adulthood independently of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
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19
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The 'Jekyll and Hyde' of Gluconeogenesis: Early Life Adversity, Later Life Stress, and Metabolic Disturbances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073344. [PMID: 33805856 PMCID: PMC8037741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological response to a psychological stressor broadly impacts energy metabolism. Inversely, changes in energy availability affect the physiological response to the stressor in terms of hypothalamus, pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), and sympathetic nervous system activation. Glucocorticoids, the endpoint of the HPA axis, are critical checkpoints in endocrine control of energy homeostasis and have been linked to metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Glucocorticoids, through the glucocorticoid receptor, activate transcription of genes associated with glucose and lipid regulatory pathways and thereby control both physiological and pathophysiological systemic energy homeostasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of glucocorticoid functions in energy metabolism and systemic metabolic dysfunction, particularly focusing on glucose and lipid metabolism. There are elements in the external environment that induce lifelong changes in the HPA axis stress response and glucocorticoid levels, and the most prominent are early life adversity, or exposure to traumatic stress. We hypothesise that when the HPA axis is so disturbed after early life adversity, it will fundamentally alter hepatic gluconeogenesis, inducing hyperglycaemia, and hence crystalise the significant lifelong risk of developing either the metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes. This gives a “Jekyll and Hyde” role to gluconeogenesis, providing the necessary energy in situations of acute stress, but driving towards pathophysiological consequences when the HPA axis has been altered.
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20
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Boynton-Jarrett R, Sponholtz TR, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Bethea TN, Wise LA. Abuse in Childhood and Risk for Sleep Disruption in Adulthood in the Black Women's Health Study. Sleep Med 2021; 83:260-270. [PMID: 34049046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of early life abuse with sleep disruption risk in adulthood among U.S. Black women. METHODS We analyzed data from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study. In 2005, 29,998 women completed a self-administered questionnaire on early-life experiences of abuse (child and teen) and exposure to danger at any life stage. Participants reported on their sleep quality (snoring and diagnosed sleep apnea) in 2001, whether their "sleep was restless" in 2005, and their average sleep duration in 2009. We used log-binomial regression models to derive risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of child/teen abuse and danger at any life stage with snoring, diagnosis of sleep apnea, restless sleep, and short sleep duration. RESULTS Nearly 50% of participants reported one or more measure of sleep disruption in adulthood. Higher severity of physical abuse was associated with increased risk of sleep disruption and higher severity of sexual abuse was associated with increased risk for most sleep disruptions. The RR comparing child/teen physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse was highest for diagnosed sleep apnea (2.03, 95% CI: 1.70, 2.41). Feeling in danger at any life stage (child, teen, adult, past year) was generally associated with greater increases in risk of sleep disruption among women with a history of early life abuse than among women without such a history. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that abuse as a child and/or teen is related to disrupted sleep in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Todd R Sponholtz
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Caceres BA, Barcelona V, Crusto C, Taylor JY. Exploring Psychosocial Mediators of the Associations of Lifetime Trauma and Body Mass Index in African American Women. Health Equity 2020; 4:542-548. [PMID: 34095701 PMCID: PMC8175258 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to examine the association between lifetime trauma (i.e., childhood, adulthood, and cumulative) and body mass index (BMI) and if this association was mediated by psychosocial factors (i.e., depressive symptoms and stress) in a sample of African American women. Methods: We examined lifetime trauma among African American women in the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study (InterGEN) study. We conducted mediation analyses with bootstrapping to assess the direct and indirect effects of increasing forms of trauma across the lifespan on BMI. Depressive symptoms and stress were examined as mediators of these associations. Results: The analytic sample included 138 women with a mean age of 31.9 years. Approximately half of women reported any childhood trauma (47.8%) and more than half (73.2%) reported any adulthood trauma. The direct effects of all forms of trauma were associated with greater depressive symptoms. Only lifetime trauma was associated with higher stress overload (B=2.40, standard error [SE]=1.12, p<0.05). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher BMI in all models. The indirect effects of adulthood trauma (B=0.60, SE=0.20, p<0.01) and lifetime trauma (B=0.53, SE=0.20, p<0.01) on BMI were partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings indicate that depressive symptoms mediate the associations between adulthood and lifetime trauma with BMI. Interventions aimed at reducing elevated BMI in African American women should account for the influence of depressive symptoms. Future research should replicate these analyses in other samples of African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Caceres
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cindy Crusto
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Leachman JR, Rea MD, Cohn DM, Xu X, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN, Loria AS. Exacerbated obesogenic response in female mice exposed to early life stress is linked to fat depot-specific upregulation of leptin protein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E852-E862. [PMID: 32830551 PMCID: PMC7790118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00243.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for increased BMI and cardiometabolic disease risk later in life. We have previously shown that a mouse model of ELS, maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), exacerbates high-fat diet (HF)-induced obesity only in adult female mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether the short- and long-term effects of HF on leptin expression are influenced by MSEW in a sex-specific manner and 2) the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying the MSEW-induced changes in leptin expression. After 1 wk of HF, both MSEW male and female mice displayed increased fat mass compared with controls (P < 0.05). However, only MSEW female mice showed elevated leptin mRNA expression in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT; P < 0.05). After 12 wk of HF, fat mass remained increased only in female mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma leptin and both leptin mRNA and protein expression in gWAT were augmented in MSEW female mice compered to controls (P < 0.05), but not in MSEW male mice. This association was not present in subcutaneous WAT. Furthermore, among 16 CpG sites in the leptin promoter, we identified three hypomethylated sites in tissue from HF-fed MSEW female mice compared with controls (3, 15, and 16, P < 0.05). These hypomethylated sites showed greater binding of key adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P < 0.05). Taken together, our study reveals that MSEW superimposed to HF increases leptin protein expression in a sex- and fat depot-specific fashion. Our data suggest that the mechanism by which MSEW increases leptin expression could be epigenetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mathew D Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dianne M Cohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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23
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Cammack AL, Gazmararian JA, Suglia SF. History of child maltreatment and excessive dietary and screen time behaviors in young adults: Results from a nationally representative study. Prev Med 2020; 139:106176. [PMID: 32592792 PMCID: PMC7494614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is common and has been associated with substance use addictions, yet few studies have examined associations with potentially addictive dietary and screen time behaviors. The goal of this study was to assess associations between retrospectively self-reported child maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and excessive self-reported dietary (sugar sweetened beverage and fast food consumption) and screen time behaviors (television/video watching and leisure time computer use) in early adulthood, overall and by sex and race/ethnicity. Associations were examined using data from 10,813 participants 24-32 years old from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used predicted marginal proportions accounting for the complex sample design to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted for demographic characteristics and physical activity. In females, exposure to poly-maltreatment (2+ types of child maltreatment) was associated with excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption, television/video watching, and leisure time computer use; in males, exposure to poly-maltreatment was associated with excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption, television/video watching, and fast food consumption. Some associations were particularly strong in racial/ethnic minorities, especially Latina females (poly-maltreatment-sugar sweetened beverage association: aPR = 6.14, 95% CI:2.12, 17.75; poly-maltreatment-computer use association: aPR = 3.08, 95% CI:1.44, 6.58). These findings show that child maltreatment is associated with excessive dietary and screen time behaviors into adulthood, and these associations are present in racial/ethnic groups at high risk of cardiometabolic disease. Extension of an addiction paradigm to include dietary and screen time behaviors may inform health risks and disease prevention efforts in child maltreatment survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Cammack
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America.
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
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Christie AJ, Matthews KA. Childhood Poly-victimization Is Associated With Elevated Body Mass Index and Blunted Cortisol Stress Response in College Women. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:563-572. [PMID: 30169815 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood interpersonal violence is linked to obesity and central adiposity in adulthood. Victimization experiences are likely to co-occur within individuals, but few studies have examined poly-victimization in the context of obesity and central adiposity. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between poly-victimization and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and to explore whether dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as measured by the cortisol stress response, mediates the relationship. METHODS Healthy undergraduate women were recruited for a laboratory study from an online survey that assessed six different childhood victimization experiences: physical abuse, sexual abuse, peer violence, intimate partner violence, community violence, and witnessing violence. Forty-four women were categorized as poly-victims (2-5 types of violence exposures) and 48 were controls (0 types of violence exposures). Salivary cortisol was measured before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Cortisol stress response was analyzed by the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG). RESULTS Compared with controls, poly-victims had higher BMI (B = 2.03, p = .04) and lower cortisol AUCG (B = -6.70, p < .01), independent of covariates. Poly-victims showed blunted AUCG in response to the stress task compared with controls, independent of covariates (B = -6.70, p < .01). Bootstrapping tests of mediation showed that cortisol response was not a significant mediator of the relationship between poly-victimization and BMI. Secondary analyses among poly-victims showed that the more frequent the violence exposure the higher the BMI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood poly-victimization is linked to higher BMI and blunted cortisol responses in young adult women. Assessment of multiple forms of childhood victimization is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee J Christie
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mehari K, Iyengar SS, Berg KL, Gonzales JM, Bennett AE. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Obesity Among Young Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1057-1064. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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A Matched Cohort Study of the Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Teenage Pregnancy. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:384-389. [PMID: 31196780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This matched cohort study aims to determine whether teenagers with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at greater risk of consulting for a pregnancy and related complications than teenagers from the general population. It also aims to compare provoked abortion, live births, and fetal losses of participants who were sexually abused in childhood and those of the general population. METHODS A total of 661 girls (aged 13-18 years) with a corroborated by Child Protection Services CSA report between 2001 and 2010 were matched to 661 girls from the general population upon age, biological sex, urban Child Protection Services area, and public drug insurance admissibility at reporting date. Pregnancy consultations and complications during pregnancy and delivery were documented using diagnoses from public health insurance administrative databases from January 1996 to March 2013. Socioeconomic status was controlled. RESULTS Results indicate that compared with participants from the general population, those with a history of CSA were 4.6 times more likely to consult for at least one pregnancy, 5.3 times more likely to consult for at least one complication during pregnancy or delivery, and on average 5.2 and 3.3 times more likely to consult for at least one live birth and provoked abortion, respectively. There were too few observations to compare fetal losses between groups. CONCLUSIONS Medical interventions for teenage pregnancies and related complications should take into consideration a possible history of CSA to reinforce gynecological follow-up and treatment for girls who were sexually abused and to prevent unfavorable outcomes.
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Obesity is associated with several somatic diseases and increased psychological burden. This study focused on two potential psychological predictors of the body mass index (BMI), childhood trauma and depressive symptoms.
Methods
We used three independent populations: two general population samples (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-2, N = 1,657; SHIP-TREND-0, N = 3,278) and one patient sample (GANI_MED, N = 1,742). Childhood trauma was measured with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in SHIP-2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in SHIP-TREND-0 and GANI_MED. We investigated the impact of childhood trauma and depression on BMI. Furthermore, we used mediation analysis to assess whether depression was a significant mediator on the path from childhood trauma to adult BMI in each of the three samples.
Results
In all the three populations, depressive symptoms exhibited a significant association towards higher BMI (p < 0.05). Childhood trauma was positively associated with BMI with significant associations in SHIP-TREND-0 (p < 0.001) and GANI_MED (p = 0.005). The relationship between CTQ and BMI was significantly partially mediated (p < 0.05) by depressive symptoms in SHIP-TREND-0 (38.0%) and GANI_MED (16.4%), in SHIP-2 results pointed in the same direction. All the trauma sub-dimensions, except sexual abuse, exhibited at least one significant association towards increased BMI in one of the samples.
Conclusions
Childhood trauma and depressive symptoms may be considered as causes of obesity. These results suggest that psychological treatments against obesity should address childhood maltreatment as well as depressive symptoms in their diagnostic assessment and could facilitate psychotherapeutic treatment when necessary.
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28
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Kraav SL, Tolmunen T, Kärkkäinen O, Ruusunen A, Viinamäki H, Mäntyselkä P, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Herzig KH, Lehto SM. Decreased serum total cholesterol is associated with a history of childhood physical violence in depressed outpatients. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:326-333. [PMID: 30597385 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cholesterol in depressed patients are unclear. Therefore, we compared 78 adult outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with (n = 24) or without (n = 54) experiences of physical violence in childhood. Background data were collected with questionnaires, and total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured from fasting blood samples. Patients with a history of childhood physical violence had lower levels of TC than the control group. No differences were observed in HDL-C, LDL-C, or low-grade inflammation levels between the two groups. In multivariate models, decreased levels of TC were associated with childhood physical violence, and these associations remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, lifestyle, metabolic condition, socioeconomic situation, psychiatric status, suicidality, low-grade inflammation, the chronicity of depression, medications used and somatic diseases. At the 8-month follow-up, the results were essentially the same when the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) was used as the measure of ACEs. The specific mechanisms underlying cholesterol alterations associated with ACEs are a topic for future studies. Better understanding of these mechanisms might lead to possible new interventions in the prevention of adverse health effects resulting from ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Deakin University, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Heimo Viinamäki
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Primary Health Care Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Departments of Psychiatry: South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli; North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu; SOTE, Iisalmi; Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology & Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ports KA, Holman DM, Guinn AS, Pampati S, Dyer KE, Merrick MT, Lunsford NB, Metzler M. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Presence of Cancer Risk Factors in Adulthood: A Scoping Review of the Literature From 2005 to 2015. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:81-96. [PMID: 30683285 PMCID: PMC6355255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is associated with a host of harmful outcomes, including increased risk for cancer. A scoping review was conducted to gain a better understanding of how ACEs have been studied in association with risk factors for cancer. This review includes 155 quantitative, peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2015 that examined associations between ACEs and modifiable cancer risk factors, including alcohol, environmental carcinogens, chronic inflammation, sex hormones, immunosuppression, infectious agents, obesity, radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and tobacco, among U.S. adults. This review highlights the growing body of research connecting ACEs to cancer risk factors, particularly alcohol, obesity, and tobacco. Fewer studies investigated the links between ACEs and chronic inflammation or infectious agents. No included publications investigated associations between ACEs and environmental carcinogens, hormones, immunosuppression, radiation, or ultraviolet radiation. Mitigating the impact of ACEs may provide innovative ways to effect comprehensive, upstream cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Ports
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dawn M Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Angie S Guinn
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sanjana Pampati
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Dyer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Melissa T Merrick
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marilyn Metzler
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Karatekin C, Almy B, Mason SM, Borowsky I, Barnes A. Mental and Physical Health Profiles of Maltreated Youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 84:23-33. [PMID: 30036690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To examine both mental and physical health profiles of children diagnosed as maltreated in the community, we studied diagnoses in the electronic health records (EHRs) of youth assigned maltreatment-related diagnoses (N = 406) and well-matched youth without a maltreatment-related diagnosis (N = 406) during a four-year period in a large healthcare system that covers eight hospitals and over 40 clinics. Data extracted automatically from the EHRs was supplemented by manual chart review. The odds of the maltreated group being assigned a code for mental illness was 2.69 times higher than the odds for the comparison group, with large differences in mood and anxiety disorders and suicidality. The odds of having an injury or poisoning diagnosis were 3.45 times higher in maltreated than in comparison youth. Maltreated youth were also less likely to have been immunized. Nevertheless, contrary to our hypothesis, maltreated youth had significantly lower rates of diagnoses across almost all major physical disease categories assessed and did not differ from comparison youth in terms of body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, maltreated youth were assigned fewer diagnoses than comparison youth whether they came in for at least one preventive visit or not. Findings suggest a need for health care professionals to be prepared to address the high rates of mental disorders in maltreated youth, to be more vigilant about possible physical disorders in this population, and to take greater advantage of opportunities to immunize these youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karatekin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Brandon Almy
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States
| | | | - Iris Borowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Andrew Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, United States
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Sagae SC, Zanardini B, Ribeiro-Paz ED, Amaral AC, Bronczek GA, Lubaczeuski C, Grassiolli S, Koehler-Santos P, de Oliveira JR, Donadio MVF, Raineki C. Metabolic dysfunction in a rat model of early-life scarcity-adversity: Modulatory role of cafeteria diet. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1481-1493. [PMID: 30211444 DOI: 10.1113/ep087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Early-life adversity is associated with increased risk for obesity and metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether obesity and metabolic dysfunction result from coping strategies to deal with adversity-related emotional dysregulation, a direct programming of systems regulating metabolic function, or a combination of both. What is the main finding and its importance? Early-life adversity increases vulnerability to later-life obesity and metabolic dysfunction, indicating that genetics and adult lifestyle are not the only determinants of obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, consumption of cafeteria diet exacerbated metabolic dysfunction associated with early-life adversity, suggesting that poor dietary choices might have a bigger impact in the context of early-life adversity. ABSTRACT Early-life adversity has become recognized as an important factor contributing to adult obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether obesity and metabolic dysfunction associated with early-life adversity result from coping strategies to deal with adversity-related emotional dysregulation, a direct programming of systems regulating metabolic function, or a combination. Interestingly, both early-life adversity and later-life dietary choices affect immune function, favouring pro-inflammatory mechanisms that are associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. To investigate the unique and/or interactive effects of early-life adversity and later-life dietary choices for increased vulnerability to obesity and metabolic dysfunction, and specifically the role of the immune system in this vulnerability, we combined a naturalistic rat model of early-life scarcity-adversity with a rat model of obesity, the cafeteria diet. Our results indicate that early-life adversity alone induces insulin resistance, reduces pancreatic insulin secretion, plasma concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, and increases fasting glucose and tumour necrosis factor-α plasma concentrations. Importantly, animals exposed to adverse rearing were more vulnerable to metabolic dysregulation associated with the cafeteria diet, given that they consumed more energy, showed more severe hepatic steatosis and increased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β than normally reared animals fed the cafeteria diet. Together, our results suggest that early-life adversity negatively programmes physiological systems that regulate metabolic function and increases vulnerability to obesity and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. These results highlight the intrinsic relationship between the quality of the early postnatal environment and later-life dietary choices on adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sagae
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Zanardini
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Edson D Ribeiro-Paz
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Amaral
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Bronczek
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Koehler-Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Centro Infant, Institute of Biomedical Research (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Alhalal E. Obesity in women who have experienced intimate partner violence. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:2785-2797. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhalal
- Nursing College, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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O'Neill A, Beck K, Chae D, Dyer T, He X, Lee S. The pathway from childhood maltreatment to adulthood obesity: The role of mediation by adolescent depressive symptoms and BMI. J Adolesc 2018; 67:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ferrara P, Sbordone A, Del Vescovo E, Ianniello F, Ruggiero A. Il bambino violato: aspetti moderni del maltrattamento che il pediatra deve conoscere. MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA 2018:103-117. [DOI: 10.3280/mal2018-001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
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Leclerc E, Mansur RB, Grassi-Oliveira R, Cordeiro Q, Kapczinski F, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. The differential association between history of childhood sexual abuse and body mass index in early and late stages of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:214-218. [PMID: 29102835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History of distal stressors such as childhood trauma is a well-established, non-specific vulnerability factor for multiple mental illnesses. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between history of childhood trauma and body mass index (BMI) in individuals in early and late stages of bipolar disorder (BD) and to verify is there was any difference in the association of sexual abuse history and obesity in early versus late stages of BD. METHODS Seventy-one euthymic BD-type I patients and eighty-one healthy controls were evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and body mass index (BMI). The association between BMI and CTQ total and subscores were evaluated dividing BD population in early-stage BD-I (less than 10 years since onset of disease) or late-stage BD (more than 10 years). RESULTS BD individuals had higher rates of history of childhood trauma than HC, especially sexual and emotional abuse, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a moderating effect of group on the association between BMI and sexual abuse (SA), but not on other modalities of childhood trauma, after adjustments for age, gender, ethnicity, education, alcohol and tobacco use. LIMITATIONS Our sample included a predominance of female individuals. The study cross-sectional design does not allow concluding a cause-effect relationship. In dividing the BD subgroups in relation with the time since the onset, we supposed that the natural course of BD is linear. The CTQ is subject to recall bias. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between childhood sexual abuse and BMI, but the direction of the association varies across the different stages of BD-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Leclerc
- Research Group of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Brown S, Mitchell TB, Fite PJ, Bortolato M. Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 67:137-146. [PMID: 28262605 PMCID: PMC5436933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for adult obesity (Danese & Tan, 2014; Hemmingsson et al., 2014). However, there is a need for research delineating the factors that play a role in this association. Impulsivity has been shown to be associated with both child maltreatment (Brodsky et al., 2001) and body mass index (BMI; Cortese et al., 2008; Thamotharan et al., 2013). Further, given previous research showing that adverse events interact with impulsivity to predict hazardous drinking behaviors (Fox et al., 2010), there is reason to hypothesize that child maltreatment might interact with impulsivity to predict other adverse health outcomes, such as elevated BMI. Accordingly, the current study examined whether impulsivity moderated the association between child maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) and BMI. The sample was comprised of 500 undergraduate students (49.6% male) between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Regression analyses suggested that maltreatment types and impulsivity were not uniquely associated with BMI. However, impulsivity moderated the association between childhood sexual abuse and adult BMI, such that BMI was highest at high levels of both sexual abuse and impulsivity. Impulsivity did not moderate the associations between the other child maltreatment types and BMI. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications of this research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Tarrah B Mitchell
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 3916 Skaggs Hall, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; ConTRADA, University of Kansas, USA
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VanderWeele TJ, Yu J, Cozier YC, Wise L, Argentieri MA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shields AE. Attendance at Religious Services, Prayer, Religious Coping, and Religious/Spiritual Identity as Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in the Black Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:515-522. [PMID: 28338863 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous longitudinal studies have consistently shown an association between attendance at religious services and lower all-cause mortality, but the literature on associations between other measures of religion and spirituality (R/S) and mortality is limited. We followed 36,613 respondents from the Black Women's Health Study from 2005 through December 31, 2013 to assess the associations between R/S and incident all-cause mortality using proportional hazards models. After control for numerous demographic and health covariates, together with other R/S variables, attending religious services several times per week was associated with a substantially lower mortality rate ratio (mortality rate ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.80) relative to never attending services. Engaging in prayer several times per day was not associated with mortality after control for demographic and health covariates, but the association trended towards a higher mortality rate ratio when control was made for other R/S variables (for >2 times/day vs. weekly or less, mortality rate ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.67; P-trend < 0.01). Religious coping and self-identification as a very religious/spiritual person were associated with lower mortality when adjustment was made only for age, but the association was attenuated when control was made for demographic and health covariates and was almost entirely eliminated when control was made for other R/S variables. The results indicate that service attendance was the strongest R/S predictor of mortality in this cohort.
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Isohookana R, Marttunen M, Hakko H, Riipinen P, Riala K. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on obesity and unhealthy weight control behaviors among adolescents. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 71:17-24. [PMID: 27580313 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse and other early-life stressors associate with being overweight or obese later in life. In addition to being overweight, unhealthy weight control behaviors (e.g., vomiting, using diet pills, fasting, and skipping meals) have been shown to be common among adolescents. To our knowledge, the association between these behaviors and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unexamined. METHODS We examined the association of ACEs to body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy weight control behaviors among 449 Finnish adolescents aged 12 to 17years admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital unit between April 2001 and March 2006. We used the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) and the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) to obtain information about ACEs, psychiatric diagnoses and weight control behaviors. BMI was calculated using the weight and height measured for each adolescent upon admission. RESULTS Girls who experienced sexual abuse were more likely to be obese (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.4) and demonstrate extreme weight loss behaviors (EWLB) (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.0-4.7). Among girls, parental unemployment is associated with an increased likelihood of obesity (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2-9.6) and of being underweight (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-11.6). A proneness for excessively exercising was found among girls who had witnessed domestic violence (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.4-9.2) and whose parent(s) had died (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.1-27.7). CONCLUSION This study showed that female adolescents with a history of traumatic experiences or difficult family circumstances exhibited an elevated likelihood of being obese and engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Isohookana
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PL 590, 00029, HUS, Finland.
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Adolescent Psychiatry University of Helsinki, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helinä Hakko
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, PL 26, 90029, OYS, Finland.
| | - Pirkko Riipinen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, PL 26, 90029, OYS, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Riala
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PL 590, 00029, HUS, Finland.
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Guenzel N, Houfek J, Watanabe-Galloway S. Adverse Events in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Elevated BMI among People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:829-838. [PMID: 27681707 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1224281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of obesity have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Childhood adversity has been associated with adult obesity in the general public, but has not been examined among people with mental illness. This study used a secondary analysis to examine childhood adversity and body mass index in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Among females, a history of physical abuse from parents or paternal emotional neglect was associated with an increased risk for obesity (OR = 3.34 and 2.44, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Guenzel
- a University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Julia Houfek
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- c University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
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Shields AE, Wise LA, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Seddighzadeh B, Byun HM, Cozier YC, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Baccarelli AA. Childhood abuse, promoter methylation of leukocyte NR3C1 and the potential modifying effect of emotional support. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1507-1517. [PMID: 27620456 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate childhood abuse victimization in relation to adult DNA methylation levels in a novel region of NR3C1, with emotional support as a possible modifier. MATERIALS & METHODS 295 participants from the Black Women's Health Study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compute differences in mean percent methylation levels. RESULTS Women reporting childhood abuse victimization exhibited higher mean NR3C1 methylation levels than nonabused women, with a clear dose-response relationship. Childhood emotional support appeared to attenuate associations only among women with the highest levels of physical and sexual abuse. CONCLUSION NR3C1 mean methylation was higher among women who reported childhood abuse. Further research is warranted to clarify whether or the extent to which childhood emotional support buffers the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bobak Seddighzadeh
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mason SM, Tobias DK, Clark CJ, Zhang C, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW. Abuse in Childhood or Adolescence and Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:436-444. [PMID: 26547539 PMCID: PMC4801767 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life abuse has been linked to later Type 2 diabetes, but its association with gestational diabetes has not been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between childhood and adolescent abuse victimization and risk of gestational diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study II. METHODS Participants were asked about experiences of physical and sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence in 2001 and about history of pregnancy complications in 2009. Mothers of singleton live births who provided information on their abuse history comprised the study sample. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios and 95% CIs for gestational diabetes as a function of physical and sexual abuse victimization. Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015. RESULTS Of 45,550 women in the analysis, 8% reported severe physical abuse and 11% reported forced sexual activity in childhood or adolescence. Approximately 3% (n=3,181) of pregnancies were complicated by gestational diabetes. In adjusted models, severe physical abuse was associated with a 42% greater gestational diabetes risk (risk ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.21, 1.66) relative to no physical abuse. Forced sexual activity was associated with a 30% greater risk (95% CI=1.14, 1.49). Women with histories of both physical and sexual abuse were at higher risk than women exposed to a single type of abuse. These associations were not explained by overweight status in early adulthood or prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Childhood and adolescent victimization is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes in adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cari J Clark
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Palmisano GL, Innamorati M, Vanderlinden J. Life adverse experiences in relation with obesity and binge eating disorder: A systematic review. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:11-31. [PMID: 28092189 PMCID: PMC5322988 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Several studies report a positive association between adverse life experiences and adult obesity. Despite the high comorbidity between binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity, few authors have studied the link between trauma and BED. In this review the association between exposure to adverse life experiences and a risk for the development of obesity and BED in adulthood is explored. Methods Based on a scientific literature review in Medline, PubMed and PsycInfo databases, the results of 70 studies (N = 306,583 participants) were evaluated including 53 studies on relationship between adverse life experiences and obesity, 7 studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in relation to obesity, and 10 studies on the association between adverse life experiences and BED. In addition, mediating factors between the association of adverse life experiences, obesity and BED were examined. Results The majority of studies (87%) report that adverse life experiences are a risk factor for developing obesity and BED. More precisely a positive association between traumatic experiences and obesity and PTSD and obesity were found, respectively, in 85% and 86% of studies. Finally, the great majority of studies (90%) between trauma and the development of BED in adulthood strongly support this association. Meanwhile, different factors mediating between the trauma and obesity link were identified. Discussion and conclusions Although research data show a strong association between life adverse experiences and the development of obesity and BED, more research is needed to explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Science and Technology of Education, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Johan Vanderlinden
- Eating Disorder Unit, University Psychiatric Center K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Non AL, Román JC, Gross CL, Gilman SE, Loucks EB, Buka SL, Kubzansky LD. Early childhood social disadvantage is associated with poor health behaviours in adulthood. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 43:144-53. [PMID: 26727037 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1136357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual health behaviours are considered important risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. These behaviours may be socially patterned by early exposure to social disadvantage, but few studies have prospectively tested this hypothesis empirically. AIM This study investigated whether childhood social disadvantage was associated with likelihood of engaging in less healthy behaviours 40 years later. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Prospective data were analysed from the New England Family Study, a 2005-2007 adult follow-up of a cohort initiated in 1959-1966 (n = 565). Childhood social environment (age 7 years) was assessed using a cumulative index of socioeconomic and family stability factors. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between social disadvantage and each health-related behaviour and obesity in adulthood. RESULTS Relative to low disadvantage, higher disadvantage was associated with 3.6-fold greater odds of smoking (95% CI = 1.9-7.0), 4.8-fold greater odds (in women only) of excess alcohol consumption (95% CI = 1.6-14.2) and 2.7-fold greater odds of obesity (95% CI = 1.3-5.5), but was not associated with unhealthy diet or physical inactivity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest childhood social disadvantage may contribute to adult cardiometabolic disease by predisposing children to adopt certain unhealthy behaviours. If replicated, such findings may support intervention strategies that target social environmental factors and behavioural pathways that are established early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Non
- a Department of Anthropology , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Jorge Carlos Román
- b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Christopher L Gross
- c Department of Medicine , Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- d Division of Intramural Population Health Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda , MD , USA ;,e Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA ;,f Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric B Loucks
- g Department of Epidemiology , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- g Department of Epidemiology , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- e Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
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Gooding HC, Milliren C, Austin SB, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher body mass index in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 50:151-158. [PMID: 26303827 PMCID: PMC4688211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether different types of childhood adversity are associated with body mass index (BMI) in adolescence, we studied 147 adolescents aged 13-17 years, 41% of whom reported exposure to at least one adversity (maltreatment, abuse, peer victimization, or witness to community or domestic violence). We examined associations between adversity type and age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores using linear regression and overweight and obese status using logistic regression. We adjusted for potential socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological confounders and tested for effect modification by gender. Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or peer victimization did not have significantly different BMI z-scores than those without exposure (p>0.05 for all comparisons). BMI z-scores were higher in adolescents who had experienced physical abuse (β=0.50, 95% CI 0.12-0.91) or witnessed domestic violence (β=0.85, 95% CI 0.30-1.40). Participants who witnessed domestic violence had almost 6 times the odds of being overweight or obese (95% CI: 1.09-30.7), even after adjustment for potential confounders. No gender-by-adversity interactions were found. Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher adolescent BMI. This finding highlights the importance of screening for violence in pediatric practice and providing obesity prevention counseling for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Gooding
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Carly Milliren
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, USA
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
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Madowitz J, Matheson BE, Liang J. The relationship between eating disorders and sexual trauma. Eat Weight Disord 2015; 20:281-93. [PMID: 25976911 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research aimed at understanding the causes and comorbidities of eating disorders (ED) identifies sexual trauma as one potential pathway to the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Based on current literature, there are two main etiological pathways between sexual trauma and ED-body perceptions and psychological difficulties. However, previously published reviews on this topic are outdated and have not yielded consistent findings. Therefore, authors completed a literature review covering years 2004-2014 to examine the relationship between sexual trauma and ED according to both proposed pathway models. Authors utilized PubMed, GoogleScholar, and PsychINFO as search engines. Search terms included "sexual assault", "sexual abuse", "sexual trauma", and "rape" in conjunction with relevant ED terminology. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Current data indicate an increased prevalence of sexual trauma for individuals with ED. Although limited, recent evidence suggests that sexual trauma precedes and contributes to the development of ED. Existing literature indicates that the body perceptions pathway may impact ED through body dissatisfaction, shame, sexual dysfunction, and fear of future sexual trauma. The psychological difficulties pathway indicates a link between ED and the desire to cope with the failure of the average expected environment, psychological diagnoses, the need for control, and the regulation of emotions. However, further research is needed to assess the potential causal role that sexual trauma may play in the etiology of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Madowitz
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University / University of California, San Diego, California, USA,
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Exploring the relationship between childhood adversity and oral health: An anecdotal approach and integrative view. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mason SM, MacLehose RF, Katz-Wise SL, Austin SB, Neumark-Sztainer D, Harlow BL, Rich-Edwards JW. Childhood abuse victimization, stress-related eating, and weight status in young women. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:760-6.e2. [PMID: 26272779 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abuse in childhood predicts stress-related overeating and excess weight gain in young women. We investigated whether two stress-related overeating behaviors--binge eating and coping-motivated eating--explain childhood abuse associations with weight status in young women. METHODS Analyses included 4377 women participating in the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of youth enrolled at age 9 to 14 years. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effects of abuse before age 11 years on weight status at age 22 to 29 years with and without adjustment for binge eating and coping-motivated eating. RESULTS Women with severe physical, sexual, and emotional abuse had early adult body mass indexes (BMIs) that were 0.74 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-1.33), 0.69 (95% CI: -0.46 to 1.83), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.24-1.45) kg/m(2) higher, respectively, than those without abuse. Adjustment for coping-motivated eating attenuated the excess BMI associated with severe physical abuse, but no other important attenuations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse before age 11 years were associated with higher early adult weight status, although the sexual abuse estimate was not statistically significant. Evidence for a role of stress-related eating in abuse--BMI associations was limited and inconsistent across abuse types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Richard F MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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48
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Springfield S, Buscemi J, Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Zenk SN, Schiffer L, Sampson J, Jones Q, Murdock T, Davis I, Holland L, Watkins A, Odoms-Young A. A randomized pilot study of a community-based weight loss intervention for African-American women: Rationale and study design of Doing Me! Sisters Standing Together for a Healthy Mind and Body. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 43:200-8. [PMID: 26079196 PMCID: PMC4669053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the high prevalence of obesity among African-American women and modest success in behavioral weight loss interventions, the development and testing of weight management interventions using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach have been limited. Doing Me!: Sisters Standing Together for Healthy Mind and Body (Doing Me!) is an intervention adapted from an evidence-based behavioral obesity intervention using a CBPR approach. The purpose of Doing Me! is to test the feasibility and acceptability of this adapted intervention and determine its efficacy in achieving improvements in anthropometrics, diet, and physical activity. METHODS Sixty African-American women, from a low-income, urban community, aged 30-65 years will be randomized to one of two arms: 16-week Doing Me! (n = 30) or waitlist control (n = 30). Doing Me! employs CBPR methodology to involve community stakeholders and members during the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the intervention. There will be thirty-two 90-minute sessions incorporating 45 min of instruction on diet, physical activity, and/or weight management plus 45 min of physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline and post-intervention (16 weeks). DISCUSSION Doing Me! is one of the first CBPR studies to examine the feasibility/acceptability of an adapted evidence-based behavioral weight loss intervention designed for obese African-American women. CBPR may be an effective strategy for implementing a weight management intervention among this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparkle Springfield
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Cancer Education and Career Development Program, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road MC275, Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
| | - Joanna Buscemi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Marian L Fitzgibbon
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Melinda R Stolley
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Shannon N Zenk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Health Systems Science, 914 College of Nursing, 845 South Damen Ave. MC 802, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Linda Schiffer
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Jameika Sampson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Quiana Jones
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tanine Murdock
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Iona Davis
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Loys Holland
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Englewood Neighborhood Health Clinic, Chicago Department of Public Health, 641 W 63rd St, Chicago, IL 60621, United States
| | - April Watkins
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Angela Odoms-Young
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
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Duncan AE, Sartor CE, Jonson-Reid M, Munn-Chernoff MA, Eschenbacher MA, Diemer EW, Nelson EC, Waldron M, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Heath AC. Associations between body mass index, post-traumatic stress disorder, and child maltreatment in young women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 45:154-62. [PMID: 25770346 PMCID: PMC4470860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine interrelationships between child maltreatment, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and body mass index (BMI) in young women. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore the possibility that PTSD statistically mediates or moderates the association between BMI category and self-reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA), physical abuse (CPA), or neglect among 3,699 young women participating in a population-based twin study. Obese women had the highest prevalence of CSA, CPA, neglect, and PTSD (p<.001 for all). Although all three forms of child maltreatment were significantly, positively associated with overweight and obesity in unadjusted models, only CSA was significantly associated with obesity after adjusting for other forms of maltreatment and covariates (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.63, 3.00). CSA and neglect, but not CPA, were associated with underweight in unadjusted models; however, after adjusting for other forms of maltreatment and covariates, the associations were no longer statistically significant (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 0.90-2.28 and OR=2.16, 95% CI: 0.90-5.16 for CSA and neglect, respectively). Further adjustment for PTSD generally resulted in modest attenuation of effects across associations of child maltreatment forms with BMI categories, suggesting that PTSD may, at most, be only a weak partial mediator of these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking CSA and obesity and to further evaluate the role of PTSD in associations between child maltreatment and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carolyn E. Sartor
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Melissa Jonson-Reid
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Elizabeth W. Diemer
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary Waldron
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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50
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Farr OM, Ko BJ, Joung KE, Zaichenko L, Usher N, Tsoukas M, Thakkar B, Davis CR, Crowell JA, Mantzoros CS. Posttraumatic stress disorder, alone or additively with early life adversity, is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:479-488. [PMID: 25770759 PMCID: PMC4404181 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is some evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and early life adversity may influence metabolic outcomes such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, whether and how these interact is not clear. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study to determine how PTSD severity influences obesity, insulin sensitivity, and key measures and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. We then looked at how PTSD and early life adversity may interact to impact these same outcomes. RESULTS PTSD severity is associated with increasing risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, with higher symptoms correlating with higher values of BMI, leptin, fibrinogen, and blood pressure, and lower values of insulin sensitivity. PTSD and early life adversity have an additive effect on these metabolic outcomes. The longitudinal study confirmed findings from the cross sectional study and showed that fat mass, leptin, CRP, sICAM-1, and sTNFRII were significantly increased with higher PTSD severity during a 2.5 year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with early life adversity and PTSD are at high risk and should be monitored carefully for obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Farr
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - B-J Ko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K E Joung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Zaichenko
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Usher
- Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - M Tsoukas
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Thakkar
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C R Davis
- Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - J A Crowell
- Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02120, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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