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Short M, Dobson J, Day G, Lefferts B, Singleton R, Keck J. "You can feel the fresh air … " Rural Alaska Native household perceptions of home air purifiers and health. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2335702. [PMID: 38546171 PMCID: PMC10984226 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2335702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alaska Native and American Indian children experience frequent respiratory illness. Indoor air quality is associated with the severity and frequency of respiratory infections in children. High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifiers effectively improve indoor air quality and may protect respiratory health. In 2019, the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation implemented a pilot programme that provided education and HEPA purifiers to households of children with chronic lung conditions. The team evaluated HEPA purifier acceptability and use by interviewing representatives from 11 households that participated in the pilot programme. All interviewees reported improvement in their child's health, and some believed that the health of other household members was also improved because of the HEPA purifier. Interviewees reported that the HEPA purifiers were easy to use, quiet, and not expensive to run. Five of 11 households were still using the HEPA purifier at the time of the interview, which was about three years after receipt of the unit. The most common reasons for discontinuing use were equipment failure and lack of replacement filter, suggesting that programme support could increase sustainability. Our evaluation suggests that HEPA purifiers are acceptable and feasible for use in rural Alaska Native households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madilyn Short
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Department of Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Jennifer Dobson
- Department of Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen Day
- Department of Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Brian Lefferts
- Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, AK, USA
| | - Rosalyn Singleton
- Department of Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - James Keck
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Department of Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
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2
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Ren J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Pei H, Zhang Y, Wen R, Qiao S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zuo J, Ma Y. Exposure to volatile organic compounds and growth indicators in adolescents: Unveiling the association and potential intervention strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135422. [PMID: 39106727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutant is considered to be one of the important factors affecting adolescent growth. However, the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure on adolescent growth have not been assessed. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 was used to examine the associations between VOCs exposure and adolescent growth indicators through three statistical models. The mediating effect of bone mineral density (BMD) on these associations was examined. The potential pathways and key targets were identified by the network pharmacology analysis methods. This study included 746 adolescents. Three statistical methods consistently showed a negative correlation between VOCs exposure and adolescent growth indicators. Furthermore, BMD mediated the relationship between VOCs exposure and adolescent growth indicators, with mediated proportion ranging from 4.3 % to 53.4 %. Network pharmacology analysis found a significant enrichment in IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, the adverse effects of VOCs exposure on adolescent growth were observed to significantly attenuate in adolescents with high serum vitamin D levels. Our results suggested that VOCs exposure was an adverse factor affecting adolescent growth, with BMD playing a significant regulatory role, and IL-17 signaling pathway was the underlying mechanism. Vitamin D supplementation may be a viable strategy to prevent VOCs exposure from affecting adolescent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhenao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huanting Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rui Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Simeng Qiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zidan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Weican Zhang
- Undergraduate of College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jinshi Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Sadreameli SC, Coates A, Sheares BJ. Advocacy and Health Equity: The Role of the Pediatric Pulmonologist. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:771-783. [PMID: 39069337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonologists have the expertise to be advocates in many areas that affect the respiratory health of children. This article provides an overview of selected advocacy topics related to health equity and provides key examples that can improve child respiratory health in the clinical encounter and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Christy Sadreameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Room 3015, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Anne Coates
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 887 Congress Street, Suite 320, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Beverley J Sheares
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
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4
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Groner JA, Nicholson L, Bauer JA, Huang H, Lindstrom M, Root E. Exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular risk in young children - a pilot project. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03377-z. [PMID: 38982164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular risk in young children. STUDY DESIGN We studied a cohort of healthy children ages 2-5 recruited from pediatric primary care sites (n = 122). We obtained child weight, height, blood pressure and hair nicotine levels. A blood sample was obtained for biomarkers of systemic inflammation, oxidation, and prevalence of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This manuscript represents a secondary analysis. TRAP exposure (particulate levels, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and proximity to major roadways) was assessed using national air pollution data based on child's census tract of residence. RESULTS TRAP exposure had significant positive associations with prevalence of two of the three EPC subtypes (CD34 + /CD133 + /CD45- and CD133 + /CD45-) in unadjusted correlations. In a linear regression model, adjusting for sex, age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, parental education, child insurance, and secondhand smoke exposure, one EPC subtype (CD133 + /CD45-) had a positive significant correlation to every TRAP measure. No significant relationships between air pollution and measures of inflammation and oxidation was found. CONCLUSION Our findings of the upregulation of EPCs may signal a response to early vascular damage during early childhood due to air pollution exposure. IMPACT Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) - known cardiovascular risk factor during adulthood Current pilot study in very young children shows upregulation of cells which protect the endothelial lining of blood vessels (endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs) Upregulation of EPCs aligns with other cardiovascular risks during childhood (obesity, prematurity, type 1 diabetes) Demonstrated with TRAP exposure lower than EPA threshold Response to air pollution may be protective of cardiovascular damage during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Groner
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Itasca, IL, USA.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Lisa Nicholson
- Statistical Consulting, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Anthony Bauer
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Itasca, IL, USA
- Kentucky Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences, Lexington, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Kentucky Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences, Lexington, USA
| | - Megan Lindstrom
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Elisabeth Root
- Department of Geography and Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Bottenhorn KL, Sukumaran K, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Habre R, Schwartz J, Chen JC, Herting MM. Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108769. [PMID: 38823157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a ubiquitous threat to human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM2.5 from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications of PM exposure have been limited by small, geographically limited samples and largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining and total PM mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned exposure to six, data-driven sources of PM2.5 and neuroimaging data from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected from 21 different recruitment sites across the United States. To contribute an interpretable and actionable assessment of the role of air pollution in the developing brain, we identified alterations in cortical microstructure development associated with exposure to specific sources of PM2.5 using multivariate, partial least squares analyses. Specifically, average annual exposure (i.e., at ages 8-10 years) to PM2.5 from biomass burning was related to differences in neurite development across the cortex between 9 and 13 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kirthana Sukumaran
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Proulx K, Daelmans B, Baltag V, Banati P. Climate change impacts on child and adolescent health and well-being: A narrative review. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04061. [PMID: 38781568 PMCID: PMC11115477 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, the climate is changing and affecting the health and well-being of children in many ways. In this review, we provided an overview of how climate change-related events may affect child and adolescent health and well-being, including children's mental and physical health, nutrition, safety and security, learning opportunities, and family caregiving and connectedness. Methods In this narrative review, we highlighted and discussed peer-reviewed evidence from 2012-23, primarily from meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The search strategy used a large and varied number of search terms across three academic databases to identify relevant literature. Results There was consistent evidence across systematic reviews of impact on four themes. Climate-related events are associated with a) increases in posttraumatic stress and other mental health disorders in children and adolescents, b) increases in asthma, respiratory illnesses, diarrheal diseases and vector-borne diseases, c) increases in malnutrition and reduced growth and d) disruptions to responsive caregiving and family functioning, which can be linked to poor caregiver mental health, stress and loss of resources. Evidence of violence against children in climate-related disaster contexts is inconclusive. There is a lack of systematic review evidence on the associations between climate change and children's learning outcomes. Conclusions Systematic review evidence consistently points to negative associations between climate change and children's physical and mental health, well-being, and family functioning. Yet, much remains unknown about the causal pathways linking climate-change-related events and mental and physical health, responsive relationships and connectedness, nutrition, and learning in children and adolescents. This evidence is urgently needed so that adverse health and other impacts from climate change can be prevented or minimised through well-timed and appropriate action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Daelmans
- World Health Organization, Child Health and Development Unit, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Baltag
- World Health Organization, Adolescent and Young Adult Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Prerna Banati
- World Health Organization, Adolescent and Young Adult Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bottenhorn KL, Sukumaran K, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Habre R, Schwartz J, Chen JC, Herting MM. Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.21.563430. [PMID: 38798573 PMCID: PMC11118378 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.21.563430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) represents a ubiquitous threat to human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM 2.5 from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications of PM exposure have been limited by small, geographically limited samples and largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining and total PM mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned exposure to six, data-driven sources of PM 2.5 and neuroimaging data from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected from 21 different recruitment sites across the United States. To contribute an interpretable and actionable assessment of the role of air pollution in the developing brain, we identified alterations in cortical microstructure development associated with exposure to specific sources of PM 2.5 using multivariate, partial least squares analyses. Specifically, average annual exposure (i.e., at ages 8-10 years) to PM 2.5 from biomass burning was related to differences in neurite development across the cortex between 9 and 13 years of age.
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8
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Stampfer O, Zuidema C, Allen RW, Fox J, Sampson P, Seto E, Karr CJ. Practical considerations for using low-cost sensors to assess wildfire smoke exposure in school and childcare settings. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8. [PMID: 38730039 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More frequent and intense wildfires will increase concentrations of smoke in schools and childcare settings. Low-cost sensors can assess fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations with high spatial and temporal resolution. OBJECTIVE We sought to optimize the use of sensors for decision-making in schools and childcare settings during wildfire smoke to reduce children's exposure to PM2.5. METHODS We measured PM2.5 concentrations indoors and outdoors at four schools in Washington State during wildfire smoke in 2020-2021 using low-cost sensors and gravimetric samplers. We randomly sampled 5-min segments of low-cost sensor data to create simulations of brief portable handheld measurements. RESULTS During wildfire smoke episodes (lasting 4-19 days), median hourly PM2.5 concentrations at different locations inside a single facility varied by up to 49.6 µg/m3 (maximum difference) during school hours. Median hourly indoor/outdoor ratios across schools ranged from 0.22 to 0.91. Within-school differences in concentrations indicated that it is important to collect measurements throughout a facility. Simulation results suggested that making handheld measurements more often and over multiple days better approximates indoor/outdoor ratios for wildfire smoke. During a period of unstable air quality, PM2.5 over the next hour indoors was more highly correlated with the last 10-min of data (mean R2 = 0.94) compared with the last 3-h (mean R2 = 0.60), indicating that higher temporal resolution data is most informative for decisions about near-term activities indoors. IMPACT STATEMENT As wildfires continue to increase in frequency and severity, staff at schools and childcare facilities are increasingly faced with decisions around youth activities, building use, and air filtration needs during wildfire smoke episodes. Staff are increasingly using low-cost sensors for localized outdoor and indoor PM2.5 measurements, but guidance in using and interpreting low-cost sensor data is lacking. This paper provides relevant information applicable for guidance in using low-cost sensors for wildfire smoke response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Stampfer
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Julie Fox
- Washington State Department of Health, 101 Israel Rd. S.E., Tumwater, WA, 98501, USA
| | - Paul Sampson
- University of Washington Department of Statistics; B-313 Padelford Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Sun BZ, Gaffin JM. Recent Insights into the Environmental Determinants of Childhood Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:253-260. [PMID: 38498229 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ubiquitous environmental exposures, including ambient air pollutants, are linked to the development and severity of childhood asthma. Advances in our understanding of these links have increasingly led to clinical interventions to reduce asthma morbidity. RECENT FINDINGS We review recent work untangling the complex relationship between air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone and asthma, such as vulnerable windows of pediatric exposure and their interaction with other factors influencing asthma development and severity. These have led to interventions to reduce air pollutant levels in children's homes and schools. We also highlight emerging environmental exposures increasingly associated with childhood asthma. Growing evidence supports the present threat of climate change to children with asthma. Environmental factors play a large role in the pathogenesis and persistence of pediatric asthma; in turn, this poses an opportunity to intervene to change the course of disease early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Z Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, BCH 3121, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, BCH 3121, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Squires E, Whiting L, Petty J. Effects of climate change on the health of children and young people. Nurs Stand 2024; 39:60-65. [PMID: 38419409 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2024.e12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The effects of climate change, such as air pollution and extreme heat events, can adversely affect the physical and mental health of children and young people at all ages. This article explores the effects of climate change on children and young people's development and explains the effects of air pollution and heatwaves on their health. The article also discusses how children and young people are knowledgeable and concerned about the effects of climate change and can offer new perspectives on addressing these effects. Finally, the authors consider the role of nurses in raising awareness of the adverse effects of climate change on children's health, incorporating climate change in their practice and promoting opportunities for children's involvement in healthcare decision-making, strategies and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Squires
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
| | - Lisa Whiting
- research, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
| | - Julia Petty
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
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Feng Y, Wan Y, Wang H, Jiang Q, Zhu K, Xiang Z, Liu R, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Song R. Dyslexia is associated with urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations of children from China: Data from the READ program. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123538. [PMID: 38341065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been found that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with the risk of certain childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. However, no research has investigated the relationship between exposure to PAHs and children's dyslexia odds. The objective of this research was to investigate whether urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are associated with increased dyslexia odds in Chinese children. We recruited 1,089 children (542 dyslexic children and 547 non-dyslexic children) for this case-control study. Ten OH-PAHs were measured in the participants' urine samples, which were collected between November 2017 and March 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between the OH-PAHs and dyslexia were calculated using logistic regression models, after adjustment for the potential confounding factors. A significant association was found between urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and the elevated odds of dyslexia. The children in the highest quartile of 2-OHNap had a higher OR of dyslexia (1.87, 95% CI: 1.07-3.27) than those in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.02) after adjustment for the covariates. After excluding children with maternal disorders during pregnancy, logistic regression analyses showed similar results. Our results suggested a possible association between PAH exposure and the elevated odds of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nursing, Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Crooijmans KLHA, Iñiguez C, Withworth KW, Estarlich M, Lertxundi A, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Ibarluzea J, Sunyer J, Guxens M, Binter AC. Nitrogen dioxide exposure, attentional function, and working memory in children from 4 to 8 years: Periods of susceptibility from pregnancy to childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108604. [PMID: 38564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood has been linked to executive function impairment in children, however, very few studies have assessed these two exposure periods jointly to identify susceptible periods of exposure. We sought to identify potential periods of susceptibility of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure from conception to childhood on attentional function and working memory in school-aged children. METHODS Within the Spanish INMA Project, we estimated residential daily NO2 exposures during pregnancy and up to 6 years of childhood using land use regression models (n = 1,703). We assessed attentional function at 4-6 years and 6-8 years, using the Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and the Attention Network Test, respectively, and working memory at 6-8 years, using the N-back task. We used distributed lag non-linear models to assess the periods of susceptibility of each outcome, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing. We also stratified all models by sex. RESULTS Higher exposure to NO2 between 1.3 and 1.6 years of age was associated with higher hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE) (0.14 ms (95 % CI 0.05; 0.22) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2) and between 1.5 and 2.2 years of age with more omission errors (1.02 (95 % CI 1.01; 1.03) of the attentional function test at 4-6 years. Higher exposure to NO2 between 0.3 and 2.2 years was associated with higher HRT-SE (10.61 ms (95 % CI 3.46; 17.75) at 6-8 years only in boys. We found no associations between exposure to NO2 and working memory at 6-8 years. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NO2 exposure during the first two years of life is associated with poorer attentional function in children from 4 to 8 years of age, especially in boys. These findings highlight the importance of exploring long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution exposure in older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie L H A Crooijmans
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Jaume I University - University of Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristina W Withworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Jaume I University - University of Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Infirmary and Chiropody, University of Valencia, C/Menendez Pelayo, s/n 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue s/n. 33001, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anne-Claire Binter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Cowan K, Semmens EO, Lee JY, Walker ES, Smith PG, Fu L, Singleton R, Cox SM, Faiella J, Chassereau L, Lawrence L, Ying J, Baldner J, Garza M, Annett R, Chervinskiy SK, Snowden J. Bronchiolitis recovery and the use of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters (The BREATHE Study): study protocol for a multi-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:197. [PMID: 38504367 PMCID: PMC10953277 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of infants in the USA. Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis are at high risk for recurrent respiratory symptoms and wheeze in the subsequent year, and longer-term adverse respiratory outcomes such as persistent childhood asthma. There are no effective secondary prevention strategies. Multiple factors, including air pollutant exposure, contribute to risk of adverse respiratory outcomes in these infants. Improvement in indoor air quality following hospitalization for bronchiolitis may be a prevention opportunity to reduce symptom burden. Use of stand-alone high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration units is a simple method to reduce particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5), a common component of household air pollution that is strongly linked to health effects. METHODS BREATHE is a multi-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Two hundred twenty-eight children < 12 months of age hospitalized for the first time with bronchiolitis will participate. Children will be randomized 1:1 to receive a 24-week home intervention with filtration units containing HEPA and carbon filters (in the child's sleep space and a common room) or to a control group with units that do not contain HEPA and carbon filters. The primary objective is to determine if use of HEPA filtration units reduces respiratory symptom burden for 24 weeks compared to use of control units. Secondary objectives are to assess the efficacy of the HEPA intervention relative to control on (1) number of unscheduled healthcare visits for respiratory complaints, (2) child quality of life, and (3) average PM2.5 levels in the home. DISCUSSION We propose to test the use of HEPA filtration to improve indoor air quality as a strategy to reduce post-bronchiolitis respiratory symptom burden in at-risk infants with severe bronchiolitis. If the intervention proves successful, this trial will support use of HEPA filtration for children with bronchiolitis to reduce respiratory symptom burden following hospitalization. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05615870. Registered on November 14, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 111 Colchester Ave, Smith 5, Burlington, VT, 05403, USA.
| | - Erin O Semmens
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 177 Skaggs, Missoula, MT, 59812-2016, USA
| | - Jeannette Y Lee
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, #781, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ethan S Walker
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 177 Skaggs, Missoula, MT, 59812-2016, USA
| | - Paul G Smith
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 177 Skaggs, Missoula, MT, 59812-2016, USA
| | - Linda Fu
- National Institutes of Health Environmental Influences On Child, Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, 11601, Landsdown Street, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Rosalyn Singleton
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, AIP-CDC, 4055 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Sara McClure Cox
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 177 Skaggs, Missoula, MT, 59812-2016, USA
| | - Jennifer Faiella
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 177 Skaggs, Missoula, MT, 59812-2016, USA
| | - Laurie Chassereau
- University of Vermont, Given C421, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Lora Lawrence
- IDeA States Pediatric Network Data Coordination and Operations Center, 13 Children's Way, Slot 512-35, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F496, Academic Office One L15-3407, 12631 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jaime Baldner
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Maryam Garza
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Robert Annett
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Sheva K Chervinskiy
- Cook Children's Department of Immunology, 1500 Cooper St, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Jessica Snowden
- IDeA States Pediatric Network Data Coordination and Operations Center, 13 Children's Way, Slot 512-35, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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14
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Ahdoot S, Baum CR, Cataletto MB, Hogan P, Wu CB, Bernstein A. Climate Change and Children's Health: Building a Healthy Future for Every Child. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065504. [PMID: 38374809 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The warming of our planet matters to every child. Driven by fossil fuel-generated greenhouse gas emissions, climate conditions stable since the founding of modern pediatrics in the mid-nineteenth century have shifted, and old certainties are falling away. Children's physical and mental health are threatened by climate change through its effects on temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather; ecological disruption; and community disruption. These impacts expose and amplify existing inequities and create unprecedented intergenerational injustice. Fossil fuel extraction and combustion cause harm today and reach centuries into the future, jeopardizing the health, safety, and prosperity of today's children and future generations. Appreciating the unique vulnerability of their patients, pediatricians have become leading health advocates for climate actions necessary to protect all living and future children. Policies that reduce reliance on fossil fuels and promote cleaner air, facilitate walking and bicycling, encourage more sustainable diets, increase access to nature, and develop more connected communities lead to immediate gains in child health and equity, and build a foundation for generations of children to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ahdoot
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Carl R Baum
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Bono Cataletto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Patrick Hogan
- Pediatric Residency Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina B Wu
- O'Neill Center for Global and National Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Yalung JE, Shifman HP, Manning ER, Beck A, Bucuvalas J, Lai JC, Wadhwani SI. Ambient air pollution is associated with graft failure/death in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:448-457. [PMID: 37898318 PMCID: PMC10922359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Children exposed to disproportionately higher levels of air pollution experience worse health outcomes. In this population-based, observational registry study, we examine the association between air pollution and graft failure/death in children following liver transplantation (LT) in the US. We modeled the associations between air pollution (PM2.5) levels localized to the patient's ZIP code at the time of transplant and graft failure or death using Cox proportional-hazards models in pediatric LT recipients aged <19 years in the US from 2005-2015. In univariable analysis, high neighborhood PM2.5 was associated with a 56% increased hazard of graft failure/death (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.83; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, high neighborhood PM2.5 was associated with a 54% increased risk of graft failure/death (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.83; P < .001) after adjusting for race as a proxy for racism, insurance status, rurality, and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. Children living in high air pollution neighborhoods have an increased risk of graft failure and death posttransplant, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Our findings add further evidence that air pollution contributes to adverse health outcomes for children posttransplant and lay the groundwork for future studies to evaluate underlying mechanisms linking PM2.5 to adverse LT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared E Yalung
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Holly P Shifman
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Andrew Beck
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John Bucuvalas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hepatology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharad I Wadhwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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16
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Ahdoot S, Baum CR, Cataletto MB, Hogan P, Wu CB, Bernstein A. Climate Change and Children's Health: Building a Healthy Future for Every Child. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065505. [PMID: 38374808 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Observed changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, sea level, and extreme weather are destabilizing major determinants of human health. Children are at higher risk of climate-related health burdens than adults because of their unique behavior patterns; developing organ systems and physiology; greater exposure to air, food, and water contaminants per unit of body weight; and dependence on caregivers. Climate change harms children through numerous pathways, including air pollution, heat exposure, floods and hurricanes, food insecurity and nutrition, changing epidemiology of infections, and mental health harms. As the planet continues to warm, climate change's impacts will worsen, threatening to define the health and welfare of children at every stage of their lives. Children who already bear higher burden of disease because of living in low-wealth households and communities, lack of access to high quality education, and experiencing racism and other forms of unjust discrimination bear greater risk of suffering from climate change hazards. Climate change solutions, advanced through collaborative work of pediatricians, health systems, communities, corporations, and governments lead to immediate gains in child health and equity and build a foundation for generations of children to thrive. This technical report reviews the nature of climate change and its associated child health effects and supports the recommendations in the accompanying policy statement on climate change and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ahdoot
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Carl R Baum
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Bono Cataletto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Patrick Hogan
- Pediatric Residency Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina B Wu
- O'Neill Center for Global and National Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Xiao L, Guo G, Zhang M, You M, Luo S, Guo G, He C, Tang C, Zhong J. Cu- and Al-Decorated Monolayer TiSe 2 for Enhanced Gas Detection Sensitivity: A DFT Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18631-18643. [PMID: 38064293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial development has contributed to worsening global pollution, necessitating the urgent development of highly sensitive, cost-effective, and portable gas sensors. In this work, the adsorption of CO, CO2, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2, O2, and SO2 gas molecules on pristine and Cu- and Al-decorated monolayer TiSe2 has been investigated based on first-principles calculations. First, the results of the phonon spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that TiSe2 is dynamically stable. In addition, compared to pristine TiSe2 (-0.029 to -0.154 eV), the adsorption energy of gas molecules (excluding CO2) significantly decreased after decorated with Cu or Al (-0.212 to -0.977 eV in Cu-decorated TiSe2, -0.438 to -2.896 eV in Al-decorated TiSe2). Among them, NH3 and NO2 have the lowest adsorption energies in Cu and Al-decorated TiSe2, respectively. Further research has shown that the decrease in adsorption energy of gas molecules is mainly due to orbital hybridization and charge transfer between decorated Cu and Al atoms and gas molecules. These findings suggest that TiSe2 decorated with Cu and Al can effectively improve its sensitivity to NH3 and NO2, respectively, making it promising in gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landong Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Gencai Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Guangdong 528311, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Manqi You
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Science, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Chaoyu He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
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18
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Shen Y, Zhang H, Wu S, Dong J, Li H, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yan D, Jiang L, Xu X, Quan G, Meng X, He Y, Cai J, Kan H, Ma X. Evaluating the Impact of Maternal Exposure to Ozone on Twin Fetal Growth in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20470-20479. [PMID: 38039422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike singletons, twins require attention not only to the birth weight of the fetuses but also to discordance (i.e., the differences between weights) because twin growth discordance is a significant factor contributing to perinatal mortality and morbidity in twin pregnancies. However, the impact of maternal air pollution exposure on twin growth discordance has rarely been investigated. We examined the association of long-term ozone exposure during preconception and pregnancy with the birth weight of twins and twin growth discordance among 35,795 twins from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project between January 2010 and December 2019. Linear mixed-effect models and random-effect logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of ozone exposure with the birth weight-related outcomes (i.e., birth weight of twins and within-pair birth weight difference) and risk of twin growth discordance, respectively, after adjustment for demographic characteristics and lifestyle. We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase (15 μg/m3) in ozone exposure during the entire pregnancy was associated with a reduction (-28.96g, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -46.37, -11.56) in the total birth weight of twins, and ozone had a more pronounced impact on the birth weight of the smaller fetuses (-18.28 g, 95% CI: -27.22, -9.34) compared to the larger fetuses (-9.88 g, 95% CI: -18.84, -0.92) in twin pregnancies. An IQR increase in ozone exposure during the entire pregnancy was associated with a significant increase (8.41 g, 95% CI: 4.13, 12.69) in the within-pair birth weight difference; the odds ratio (OR) of twin growth discordance related to ozone exposure increased by 9% (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18). However, no consistently significant associations were observed for ozone exposure during prepregnancy. Male-male twin pairs and those who were born prematurely appeared to be more susceptible to ozone exposure than their counterparts. Long-term ozone exposure during pregnancy was associated with twin growth discordance, and our findings provide reference data for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Shenpeng Wu
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Dong
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huimin Li
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jihong Xu
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Donghai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Lifang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xueyi Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangbin Quan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Aguilera J, Konvinse K, Lee A, Maecker H, Prunicki M, Mahalingaiah S, Sampath V, Utz PJ, Yang E, Nadeau KC. Air pollution and pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151838. [PMID: 37858459 PMCID: PMC10843016 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased fossil fuel usage and extreme climate change events have led to global increases in greenhouse gases and particulate matter with 99% of the world's population now breathing polluted air that exceeds the World Health Organization's recommended limits. Pregnant women and neonates with exposure to high levels of air pollutants are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes such as maternal hypertensive disorders, postpartum depression, placental abruption, low birth weight, preterm birth, infant mortality, and adverse lung and respiratory effects. While the exact mechanism by which air pollution exerts adverse health effects is unknown, oxidative stress as well as epigenetic and immune mechanisms are thought to play roles. Comprehensive, global efforts are urgently required to tackle the health challenges posed by air pollution through policies and action for reducing air pollution as well as finding ways to protect the health of vulnerable populations in the face of increasing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguilera
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Alexandra Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Emily Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
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20
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Fiter RJ, Murphy LJ, Gong MN, Cleven KL. The impact of air pollution on asthma: clinical outcomes, current epidemiology, and health disparities. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1237-1247. [PMID: 38247719 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been shown to have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality of respiratory illnesses including asthma. AREAS COVERED Outdoor air pollution consists of a mixture of individual pollutants including vehicle traffic and industrial pollution. Studies have implicated an array of individual components of air pollution, with PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and ozone being the most classically described, and newer literature implicating other pollutants such as black carbon and volatile organic compounds. Epidemiological and cohort studies have described incidence and prevalence of pollution-related asthma and investigated both acute and chronic air pollution exposure as they relate to asthma outcomes. There is an increasing body of literature tying disparities in pollution exposure to clinical outcomes. In this narrative review, we assessed the published research investigating the association of pollution with asthma outcomes, focusing on the adult population and health care disparities. EXPERT OPINION Pollution has multiple deleterious effects on respiratory health but there is a lack of data on individualized pollution monitoring, making it difficult to establish a temporal relationship between exposure and symptoms, thereby limiting our understanding of safe exposure levels. Future research should focus on more personalized monitoring and treatment plans for mitigating exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Fiter
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lila J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle N Gong
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Krystal L Cleven
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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21
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Stampfer O, Farquhar S, Seto E, Karr CJ. School and childcare facility air quality decision-makers' perspectives on using low-cost sensors for wildfire smoke response. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2167. [PMID: 37932665 PMCID: PMC10626666 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During wildfire smoke episodes, school and childcare facility staff and those who support them rely upon air quality data to inform activity decisions. Where ambient regulatory monitor data is sparse, low-cost sensors can help inform local outdoor activity decisions, and provide indoor air quality data. However, there is no established protocol for air quality decision-makers to use sensor data for schools and childcare facilities. To develop practical, effective toolkits to guide the use of sensors in school and childcare settings, it is essential to understand the perspectives of the potential end-users of such toolkit materials. METHODS We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with school, childcare, local health jurisdiction, air quality, and school district personnel regarding sensor use for wildfire smoke response. Interviews included sharing PM2.5 data collected at schools during wildfire smoke. Interviews were transcribed and transcripts were coded using a codebook developed both a priori and amended as additional themes emerged. RESULTS Three major themes were identified by organizing complementary codes together: (1) Low-cost sensors are useful despite data quality limitations, (2) Low-cost sensor data can inform decision-making to protect children in school and childcare settings, and (3) There are feasibility and public perception-related barriers to using low-cost sensors. CONCLUSIONS Interview responses provided practical implications for toolkit development, including demonstrating a need for toolkits that allow a variety of sensor preferences. In addition, participants expected to have a wide range of available time for monitoring, budget for sensors, and decision-making types. Finally, interview responses revealed a need for toolkits to address sensor uses outside of activity decisions, especially assessment of ventilation and filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Stampfer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Stephanie Farquhar
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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22
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Luo R, Zhang T, Wang L, Feng Y. Emissions and mitigation potential of endocrine disruptors during outdoor exercise: Fate, transport, and implications for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116575. [PMID: 37487926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine system is responsible for secreting and controlling hormones crucial in regulating key body activities. However, endocrine disruptors or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harm human health and well-being by interfering with this complex process. This report seeks to assess the present state of understanding about endocrine disruptors in China, including their origins, impacts, and obstacles, and to provide actionable recommendations for reducing exposure and mitigating negative effects. Strong negative correlations between ANOE and rural ecological compensation (REC) and a negative correlation between ANOE and forest coverage (FC) were found in this analysis of the relationships between agricultural nitrous oxide emissions (ANOE), agricultural methane emissions (AME), and land use and land cover variables (LUPC). Just as LUPC is significantly inversely related to FC, AME is positively related. The team uses a gradient-boosted model (GBM) with a Gaussian loss function and fine-tunes the model's parameters to achieve optimal performance and reliable prediction results. With a relative relevance score of 90.36 for ANOE and 67.64 for AME, the analysis shows that LUPC is the most important factor in influencing emission levels. This study aims to increase knowledge of endocrine disruptors' potential advantages and disadvantages in outdoor exercise. The study aims to aid in preventing and managing many diseases and disorders caused by hormonal imbalances or disruptions by examining the origins, effects, and potential mitigation of these substances during outdoor activity. Safe and healthful outdoor exercise is promoted by the study's efforts to discover and implement effective and sustainable solutions to decrease emissions and exposure to endocrine disruptors. This comprehensive study aims to promote a healthier and more sustainable environment for individuals engaging in outdoor exercise by synthesizing current knowledge, providing practical recommendations, and emphasizing the importance of awareness and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Chengdu Sport University, Tiyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China; College of Sports and Leisure, Sichuan Tourism University, No. 459, Hongling Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610100, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Sports and Leisure, Sichuan Tourism University, No. 459, Hongling Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610100, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Sports and Leisure, Sichuan Tourism University, No. 459, Hongling Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610100, China
| | - Yong Feng
- College of Sports and Leisure, Sichuan Tourism University, No. 459, Hongling Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610100, China
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23
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Balk SJ, Bochner RE, Ramdhanie MA, Reilly BK. Preventing Excessive Noise Exposure in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023063753. [PMID: 37864408 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss in adults. Yet, noise affects people of all ages, and noise-induced hearing loss is also a problem for young people. Sensorineural hearing loss caused by noise and other toxic exposures is usually irreversible. Environmental noise, such as traffic noise, can affect learning, physiologic parameters, and quality of life. Children and adolescents have unique vulnerabilities to noise. Children may be exposed beginning in NICUs and well-baby nurseries, at home, at school, in their neighborhoods, and in recreational settings. Personal listening devices are increasingly used, even by small children. Infants and young children cannot remove themselves from noisy situations and must rely on adults to do so, children may not recognize hazardous noise exposures, and teenagers generally do not understand the consequences of high exposure to music from personal listening devices or attending concerts and dances. Environmental noise exposure has disproportionate effects on underserved communities. In this report and the accompanying policy statement, common sources of noise and effects on hearing at different life stages are reviewed. Noise-abatement interventions in various settings are discussed. Because noise exposure often starts in infancy and its effects result mainly from cumulative exposure to loud noise over long periods of time, more attention is needed to its presence in everyday activities starting early in life. Listening to music and attending dances, concerts, and celebratory and other events are sources of joy, pleasure, and relaxation for many people. These situations, however, often result in potentially harmful noise exposures. Pediatricians can potentially lessen exposures, including promotion of safer listening, by raising awareness in parents, children, and teenagers. Noise exposure is underrecognized as a serious public health issue in the United States, with exposure limits enforceable only in workplaces and not for the general public, including children and adolescents. Greater awareness of noise hazards is needed at a societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Balk
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Risa E Bochner
- Department of Pediatrics, New York City Health and Hospitals Harlem, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | | | - Brian K Reilly
- Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, George Washington University Medical School, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
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24
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Shanahan KH, James P, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gold DR, Oken E, Aris IM. Neighborhood Conditions and Resources in Mid-Childhood and Dampness and Pests at Home in Adolescence. J Pediatr 2023; 262:113625. [PMID: 37463640 PMCID: PMC10789911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prospectively associations of neighborhood opportunity with the presence of dampness or pests in the home environment during early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN We geocoded residential addresses from 831 children (mean age 7.9 years, 2007-2011) in the Project Viva cohort. We linked each address with census tract-level Child Opportunity Index scores, which capture neighborhood conditions and resources influencing child heath including educational, health, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Our primary outcome was presence of dampness or pests in the home in early adolescence (mean age 13.2 years, 2013-2016). Secondary outcomes included current asthma and lung function testing results. Mixed-effects regression models estimated longitudinal associations of Child Opportunity Index scores with outcomes, adjusting for individual and family sociodemographics. RESULTS Children residing in neighborhoods with greater overall opportunity were less likely to live in homes with dampness or pests approximately 5 years later (aOR 0.85 per 20-unit increase in Child Opportunity Index percentile rank, 95% CI 0.73-0.998). We observed no significant associations in adjusted models of overall neighborhood opportunity with current asthma or lung function. Lower school poverty or single-parent households and greater access to healthy food or economic resource index were associated with lower odds of a home environment with dampness or pests. CONCLUSIONS More favorable neighborhood conditions in mid-childhood were associated with lower likelihood of living in a home with dampness or pests in the early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Shanahan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Peter James
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
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25
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Qiu T, Zang T, Fang Q, Xu Z, Cao Y, Fan X, Liu J, Zeng X, Li Y, Tu Y, Li G, Bai J, Huang J, Liu Y. Cumulative and lagged effects of varying-sized particulate matter exposure associates with toddlers' gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122389. [PMID: 37595737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an important component of air pollutants and is associated with various health risks. However, the impact of PM on toddlers' gut microbiota is rarely investigated. This study aimed to assess the cumulative and lagged effects of varying-sized PMs on toddlers' gut microbiota. We collected demographic information, stool samples, and exposure to PM from 36 toddlers aged 2-3 years. The toddlers were divided into warm season group and cooler season group according to the collection time of stool samples. The gut microbiota was processed and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions. The concentration of PM was calculated using China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) database. To assess the mixed effects of varying-sized PM, multiple-PM models were utilized. There were significant differences between the community composition, α- and β-diversity between two groups. In multiple-PM models, there was a significant effect of weight quantile sum (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) on α-diversity indices. In weight quantile sum models, after adjusting for a priori confounders, we found a negative effect of weight quantile sum on Enterococcus (β = -0.134, 95% CI -0.263 to -0.006), positive effects of weight quantile sum on unclassified_f__Ruminococcaceae (β = 0.247, 95% CI 0.102 to 0.393), Ruminococcus_1 (β = 0.444, 95% CI 0.238 to 0.650), unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae (β = 0.278, 95% CI 0.099 to 0.458), and Family_XIII_AD_3011_group (β = 0.254, 95% CI 0.086 to 0.422) in WSG and CSG. In lagged weight quantile sum models, the correlation between lag time PM levels and the gut microbiota showed seasonal trends, and weights of PM changed with lag periods. This is the first study to highlight that cumulative and lagged effects of PMs synergistically affect the diversities (α- and β-diversity) and abundance of the gut microbiota in toddlers. Further research is needed to explore the mediating mechanism of varying-sized PMs exposure on the gut microbiota in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlai Qiu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianzi Zang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qingbo Fang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xueer Zeng
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China; Environmental Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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26
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Bechle M, Millet DB, Marshall JD. Ambient NO 2 Air Pollution and Public Schools in the United States: Relationships with Urbanicity, Race-Ethnicity, and Income. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:844-850. [PMID: 37840817 PMCID: PMC10569168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Schools may have important impacts on children's exposure to ambient air pollution, yet ambient air quality at schools is not consistently tracked. We characterize ambient air quality at home and school locations in the United States using satellite-based empirical model (i.e., land use regression) estimates of outdoor annual nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We report disparities by race-ethnicity and impoverishment status, and investigate differences by level of urbanicity. Average NO2 levels at home and school for racial-ethnic minoritized students are 18-22% higher than average (and 37-39% higher than for non-Hispanic, white students). Minoritized students are less likely than their white peers to live (0.55 times) and attend school (0.58 times) in areas below the World Health Organization's NO2 guideline. Predominantly minoritized schools (i.e., >50% minoritized students) are less likely than predominantly white schools (0.43 times) to be in locations below the guideline. Income and race-ethnicity impacts are intertwined, yet in large cities, racial disparities persist after controlling for income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Bechle
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department
of Soil, Water, and Climate, University
of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug
Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Julian D. Marshall
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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27
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Nelin TD, Scott KA, Just AC, Burris HH. Place-Based Strategies Addressing Neighborhood Environments to Improve Perinatal and Preterm Infant Outcomes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1646. [PMID: 37892309 PMCID: PMC10605196 DOI: 10.3390/children10101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (defined as birth <37 weeks of gestation) is a significant health concern globally, with lasting implications for individuals, families, and society. In the United States, high preterm birth rates among Black and low-income populations likely result from differences in environmental exposures. Structural racism and economic disadvantage have led to unequal distribution of polluting industrial sites and roadways across society as well as differential access to health-promoting resources which contribute to preterm birth risk. Once born, preterm infants remain at risk for numerous environmentally responsive adverse health outcomes that affect growth and development throughout childhood and adulthood. In this commentary, we describe associations of neighborhood environments with pregnancy and preterm infant health outcomes and propose strategies to address harmful exposures that affect families across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Nelin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.A.S.); (H.H.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristan A. Scott
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.A.S.); (H.H.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Heather H. Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.A.S.); (H.H.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Leong M, Karr CJ, Shah SI, Brumberg HL. Before the first breath: why ambient air pollution and climate change should matter to neonatal-perinatal providers. J Perinatol 2023; 43:1059-1066. [PMID: 36038659 PMCID: PMC9421104 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Common outdoor air pollutants present threats to fetal and neonatal health, placing neonatal-perinatal clinical specialists in an important role for harm reduction through patient counseling and advocacy. Climate change is intertwined with air pollution and influences air quality. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the unique vulnerability in the development of adverse health consequences from exposures during the preconception, prenatal, and early postnatal periods, as well as promising indications that policies aimed at addressing these toxicants have improved birth outcomes. Advocacy by neonatal-perinatal providers articulating the potential impact of pollutants on newborns and mothers is essential to promoting improvements in air quality and reducing exposures. The goal of this review is to update neonatal-perinatal clinical specialists on the key ambient air pollutants of concern, their sources and health effects, and to outline strategies for protecting patients and communities from documented adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leong
- Division of Neonatology, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shetal I Shah
- Division of Neonatology, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Heather L Brumberg
- Division of Neonatology, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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29
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Dearborn LC, Hazlehurst MF, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Carroll KN, Moore PE, Adgent MA, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Kaufman JD, Karr CJ. Role of Air Pollution in the Development of Asthma Among Children with a History of Bronchiolitis in Infancy. Epidemiology 2023; 34:554-564. [PMID: 37042935 PMCID: PMC10563986 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants experiencing bronchiolitis are at increased risk for asthma, but few studies have identified modifiable risk factors. We assessed whether early life air pollution influenced child asthma and wheeze at age 4-6 years among children with a history of bronchiolitis in the first postnatal year. METHODS Children with caregiver-reported physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis were drawn from ECHO-PATHWAYS, a pooled longitudinal cohort from six US cities. We estimated their air pollution exposure from age 1 to 3 years from validated spatiotemporal models of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ). Caregivers reported children's current wheeze and asthma at age 4-6 years. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for child, maternal, and home environmental factors. We assessed effect modification by child sex and maternal history of asthma with interaction models. RESULTS A total of 224 children had caregiver-reported bronchiolitis. Median (interquartile range) 2-year pollutant concentrations were 9.3 (7.8-9.9) µg/m 3 PM 2.5 , 8.5 (6.4-9.9) ppb NO 2 , and 26.6 (25.6-27.7) ppb O 3 . RRs (CI) for current wheeze per 2-ppb higher O 3 were 1.3 (1.0-1.7) and 1.4 (1.1-1.8) for asthma. NO 2 was inversely associated with wheeze and asthma whereas associations with PM 2.5 were null. We observed interactions between NO 2 and PM 2.5 and maternal history of asthma, with lower risks observed among children with a maternal history of asthma. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to modest postnatal O 3 concentrations increases the risk of asthma and wheeze among the vulnerable subpopulation of infants experiencing bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Dearborn
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Ruby HN Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Rosser FJ, Rothenberger SD, Han YY, Forno E, Celedón JC. Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:893-897. [PMID: 36642643 PMCID: PMC10200724 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To reduce air pollution exposure, the U.S. asthma guidelines recommend that children check the Air Quality Index before outdoor activity. Whether adding the Air Quality Index and recommendations to asthma action plans reduces exacerbations and improves control and quality of life in children with asthma is unknown. METHODS A pilot, unblinded, randomized clinical trial of 40 children with persistent asthma, stratified by age and randomized 1:1, recruited from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA) was conducted. All participants received asthma action plans and Air Quality Index education. The intervention group received printed Air Quality Index information and showed the ability to use AirNow. Asthma exacerbations were assessed through a questionnaire, asthma control was assessed with the Asthma Control Test and Childhood Asthma Control Test, and quality of life was assessed with the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. After randomization (July-October 2020), participants were followed monthly for 6 months (exit January-March 2021). Outcome differences between groups were evaluated at the exit visit and over time (analysis was in 2021). RESULTS At randomization, there were no significant differences in age, sex, race, or asthma severity. At exit, more intervention participants checked the Air Quality Index (63% vs 15%) with no differences in the proportion of asthma exacerbations or mean Childhood Asthma Control Test or Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores. The mean change in Asthma Control Test score was higher in the intervention group (change in Asthma Control Test=2.00 vs 0.15 for the control), which was modified by time (β=1.85, CI=0.09, 3.61). Physical activity was decreased overall and showed modification by treatment and time. CONCLUSIONS Addition of the Air Quality Index to asthma action plans led to improved asthma control by Asthma Control Test scores but may decrease outdoor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska J Rosser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Scott D Rothenberger
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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31
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George PE, Maillis A, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Lane PA, Lam W, Lipscomb J, Ebelt S. Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri-urban cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30453. [PMID: 37248172 PMCID: PMC10684822 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathophysiologic pathways of sickle cell disease (SCD) and air pollution involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage. It is therefore plausible that children with SCD are especially prone to air pollution's harmful effects. METHODS Patient data were collected from a single-center, urban/peri-urban cohort of children with confirmed SCD. Daily ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 ) were collected via satellite-derived remote-sensing technology, and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), and ozone from local monitoring stations. We used multivariable regression to quantify associations of pollutant levels and daily counts of emergency department (ED) visits, accounting for weather and time trends. For comparison, we quantified the associations of pollutant levels with daily all-patient (non-SCD) ED visits to our center. RESULTS From 2010 to 2018, there were 17,731 ED visits by 1740 children with SCD (64.8% HbSS/HbSβ0 ). Vaso-occlusive events (57.8%), respiratory illness (17.1%), and fever (16.1%) were the most common visit diagnoses. Higher 3-day (lags 0-2) rolling mean PM2.5 and CO levels were associated with daily ED visits among those with SCD (PM2.5 incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.051 [95% confidence interval: 1.010-1.094] per 9.4 μg/m3 increase; CO 1.088 [1.045-1.132] per 0.5 ppm). NO2 showed positive associations in secondary analyses; ozone levels were not associated with ED visits. The comparison, all-patient ED visit analyses showed lower IRR for all pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest short-term air pollution levels as triggers for SCD events and that children with SCD may be more vulnerable to air pollution than those without SCD. Targeted pollution-avoidance strategies could have significant clinical benefits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. George
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Alexander Maillis
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Yijing Zhu
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
| | - Yang Liu
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
| | - Peter A. Lane
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Wilbur Lam
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA
| | - Joseph Lipscomb
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Atlanta GA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta GA
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Jiang N, Bao WW, Gui ZH, Chen YC, Zhao Y, Huang S, Zhang YS, Liang JH, Pu XY, Huang SY, Dong GH, Chen YJ. Findings of indoor air pollution and childhood obesity in a cross-sectional study of Chinese schoolchildren. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115611. [PMID: 36878271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposures are increasingly suspected to influence the development of childhood adiposity, especially focusing on outdoor exposure, but few studies investigated indoor exposure and childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between exposure to multiple indoor air pollutants and childhood obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS In 2019, we recruited 6499 children aged 6-12 years from five Chinese elementary schools in Guangzhou, China. We measured age-sex-specific body mass index z score (z-BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on standard procedures. Four different indoor air pollution (IAP) exposures, including cooking oil fumes (COFs), home decoration, secondhand smoke (SHS), and incense burning, were collected by questionnaire and then converted into an IAP exposure index with four categories. Association between indoor air pollutants and childhood overweight/obesity as well as four obese anthropometric indices were assessed by logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS Children exposed to ≥3 types of indoor air pollutants had higher z-BMI (coefficient [β]:0.142, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.011-0.274) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (odd ratio [OR]:1.27, 95%CI:1.01-1.60). And a dose-response relationship was discovered between the IAP exposure index and z-BMI as well as overweight/obesity (pfor trend<0.05). We also found that exposure to SHS and COFs was positively associated with z-BMI and overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between SHS exposure and COFs on the higher risk of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. Boys appear more susceptible to multiple indoor air pollutants than girls. CONCLUSIONS Indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with higher obese anthropometric indices and increased odds of overweight/obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. More well-designed cohort studies are needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Can Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Ya Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Rosser F, Balmes J. Ozone and childhood respiratory health: A primer for US pediatric providers and a call for a more protective standard. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1355-1366. [PMID: 36815617 PMCID: PMC10121852 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ground level ozone is a potent respiratory toxicant with decades of accumulated data demonstrating respiratory harms to children. Despite the ubiquity of ozone in the United States, impacting both urban and rural communities, the associated harms of exposure to this important air pollutant are often infrequently or inadequately covered during medical training including pulmonary specialization. Thus, many providers caring for children's respiratory health may have limited knowledge of the harms which may result in reduced discussion of ozone pollution during clinical encounters. Further, the current US air quality standard for ozone does not adequately protect children. In this nonsystematic review, we present basic background information for healthcare providers caring for children's respiratory health, review the US process for setting air quality standards, discuss the respiratory harms of ozone for healthy children and those with underlying respiratory disease, highlight the urgent need for a more protective ozone standard to adequately protect children's respiratory health, review impacts of climate change on ozone levels, and provide information for discussion in clinical encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Muruganandam N, Mahalingam S, Narayanan R, Rajadurai E. Meandered and muddled: a systematic review on the impact of air pollution on ocular health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64872-64890. [PMID: 37097565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
From the years 1970-2023, a systematic overview of the diverse consequences of particulate matter on eye health and a disease classification according to acute, chronic, and genetic are presented using the PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Various studies on medical aspects correlate with the eye and health. However, from an application perspective, there is limited research on the ocular surface and air pollution. The main objective of the study is to uncover the relationship between eye health and air pollution, particularly particulate matter, along with other external factors acting as aggravators. The secondary goal of the work is to examine the existing models for mimicking human eyes. The study is followed by a questionnaire survey in a workshop, in which the exposure-based investigation was tagged based on their activity. This paper establishes a relationship between particulate matter and its influence on human health, leading to numerous eye diseases like dry eyes, conjunctivitis, myopia, glaucoma, and trachoma. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that about 68% of the people working in the workshop are symptomatic with tears, blurred vision, and mood swings, while 32% of the people were asymptomatic. Although there are approaches for conducting experiments, the evaluation is not well defined; empirical and numerical solutions for particle deposition on the eye are needed. There prevails a broad gap in the arena of ocular deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha Muruganandam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Mahalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hutchings H, Zhang Q, Grady S, Mabe L, Okereke IC. Gentrification and Air Quality in a Large Urban County in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4762. [PMID: 36981672 PMCID: PMC10049340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Increases in industrialization and manufacturing have led to worsening pollution in some components of air quality. In addition, gentrification is occurring in large cities throughout the world. As these socioeconomic and demographic changes occur, there have been no studies examining the association of gentrification with air quality. To investigate this association, we studied the trends of gentrification, changes in racial distribution and changes in air quality in each zip code of a large urban county over a 40-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study over 40 years in Wayne County, Michigan using socioeconomic and demographic data from the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) and air quality data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To assess gentrification, longitudinal analyses were performed to examine median household income, percentage with a college education, median housing value, median gross rent and employment level. The racial distribution was evaluated in each zip code during the time period. Gentrification was studied in relation to air quality using nonparametric 2-sample Wilcon-Mann-Whitney tests and Binomial Generalized Linear Regression models. Results: Although air quality improved overall over the 40-year period, there was a lesser rate of improvement in gentrified areas. Furthermore, gentrification was strongly associated with racial distribution. The most substantial gentrification occurred from 2010 to 2020, in which a specific cluster of adjacent zip codes in downtown Detroit experienced intense gentrification and a drop in the percentage of African-American residents. Conclusions: Gentrified areas seem to have a less pronounced improvement in air quality over time. This reduction in air quality improvement is likely associated with demolitions and the construction of new buildings, such as sporting arenas and accompanying traffic density. Gentrification is also strongly associated with an increase in non-minority residents in an area. Although previous definitions of gentrification in the literature have not included racial distribution, we suggest that future definitions should include this metric given the strong association. Minority residents who are displaced as a result of gentrification do not experience the improvements in housing quality, accessibility to healthy foods and other associations of gentrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Hutchings
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sue Grady
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lainie Mabe
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ikenna C. Okereke
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Tsai SS, Hsu CT, Yang C. Risk of death from liver cancer in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:135-143. [PMID: 36752360 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2168225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is categorized as a Group I carcinogen, was found to lead to predominantly lung as well as other cancer types in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is endemic in Taiwan where it is the second and fourth foremost cause of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively. Taiwan's mortality rates for liver cancer vary considerably from one region to another, suggesting that the environment may exert some influence on deaths attributed to liver cancer. The aim of this investigation was to perform an ecologic study to examine the possible link between ambient PM2.5 levels and risk of liver cancer in 66 in Taiwan municipalities. To undertake this investigation, annual PM2.5 levels and age-standardized liver cancer mortality rates were calculated for male and female residents of these areas from 2010 to 2019. Data were tested using weighted-multiple regression analyses to compute adjusted risk ratio (RR) controlling for urbanization level and physician density. Annual PM2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles. The adjusted RRs for males residing in those areas with intermediate tertile levels (21.85 to 28.21 ug/m3) and the highest tertiles levels (28.22-31.23 ug/m3) of PM2.5 were 1.29 (95% CI = 1.25-1.46) and 1.41 (95% CI = 1.36-1.46), respectively. Women in these locations shared a similar risk, 1.32 (1.25-1.4) and 1.41 (1.34-1.49), respectively. Evidence indicated that PM2.5 increased risk of mortality rates attributed to liver cancer in both men and women in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shyue Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - ChunYuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Kumar P, Omidvarborna H, Yao R. A parent-school initiative to assess and predict air quality around a heavily trafficked school. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160587. [PMID: 36470381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many primary schools in the UK are situated in close proximity to heavily-trafficked roads, yet long-term air pollution monitoring around such schools to establish factors affecting the variability of exposure is limited. We co-designed a study to monitor particulate matter in different size fractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3 and CO) and meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative humidity) over a period of one year. The period included phases of national COVID-19 lockdown and its subsequent easing and removal. Statistical analysis was used to assess the diurnal patterns, pollution hotspots and underlying factors driving changes. A pollution episode was observed early in January 2021, owing to new year celebration fireworks, when the daily average PM2.5 was around three-times the World Health Organisation limit. PM2.5 and NO2 exceeded the threshold limits on 15 and 10 days, respectively, as the lockdown eased and the school reopened, despite the predominant wind direction often being away from the school towards the roads. The peak concentration levels for all pollutants occurred during morning drop-off hours; however, some weekends showed higher or comparable concentrations to those during weekdays. The strong disproportional Pearson correlation between CO and temperature demonstrated the possible contribution of local sources through biomass burning. The impact of lifting restrictions after removing the weather impact showed that the average pollution levels were low in the beginning and increased by up to 22.7 % and 4.2 % for PM2.5 and NO2, respectively, with complete easing of lockdown. The Prophet algorithm was implemented to develop a prediction model using an NO2 dataset that performed moderately (R2, 0.48) for a new monthly dataset. This study was able to build a local air pollution database at a school gate, which enabled an understanding of the air pollution variability across the year and allowed evidence-based mitigation strategies to be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamid Omidvarborna
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Runming Yao
- School of The Built Environment, University of Reading, RG6 6DF, United Kingdom; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), School of the Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054345. [PMID: 36901776 PMCID: PMC10001616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their damaging effects are the promotion of oxidative stress, the induction of an inflammatory response, and the deregulation of the immune system by reducing its ability to limit infectious agents' spreading. This influence starts in the prenatal age and continues during childhood, the most susceptible period of life, due to a lower efficiency of oxidative damage detoxification, a higher metabolic and breathing rate, and enhanced oxygen consumption per unit of body mass. Air pollution is involved in acute disorders like asthma exacerbations and upper and lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis, tuberculosis, and pneumoniae. Pollutants can also contribute to the onset of chronic asthma, and they can lead to a deficit in lung function and growth, long-term respiratory damage, and eventually chronic respiratory illness. Air pollution abatement policies, applied in the last decades, are contributing to mitigating air quality issues, but more efforts should be encouraged to improve acute childhood respiratory disease with possible positive long-term effects on lung function. This narrative review aims to summarize the most recent studies on the links between air pollution and childhood respiratory illness.
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Li Y, Xu S, Yin J, Huang G. Effect of air pollution on adult chronic diseases: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1105965. [PMID: 36711355 PMCID: PMC9880427 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We utilize a quasi-experiment derived from China's Huai River policy to investigate the effect of air pollution on adult chronic diseases. The policy led to higher pollution exposure in cities north of the river boundary because they received centralized coal-based heating supply from the government during winter, whereas cities in the south did not. By applying a geographic regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, we determine that a 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) raises chronic diseases rates by 3.2% in adults, particularly cardiorespiratory system diseases. Furthermore, the same effects are observed on multiple chronic disease rates, but the rates are reduced to 1.3%. The effect of pollution exposure varies depending on age, gender, and urban/rural status. Our findings imply that reducing 10 μg/m3 of the average nationwide level of PM2.5 concentration will save 27.46 billion CNY (4.16 billion USD) in chronic disease costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Management, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Xu ✉
| | - Jinghua Yin
- School of Insurance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China,Department of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Huang
- Wenlan School of Business, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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Zhang ZS, Xi L, Yang LL, Lian XY, Du J, Cui Y, Li HJ, Zhang WX, Wang C, Liu B, Yang YN, Cui F, Lu QB. Impact of air pollutants on influenza-like illness outpatient visits under urbanization process in the sub-center of Beijing, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114076. [PMID: 36427387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants can cause serious harm to human health and a variety of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to explore the associations between air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) under urbanization process in the sub-center of Beijing. The data of ILI in sub-center of Beijing from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 were obtained from Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between the concentrations of air pollutants and daily outpatient visits for ILI when controlling meteorological factors and holidays. A total of 322,559 patients with ILI were included. The results showed that in the early urbanization period, the effects of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, O3, and CO on lag0 day, and PM2.5, PM10, O3, and CO on lag1 day were not significant. In the later urbanization period, AQI and the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO on lag1 day were all significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI, which increased by 0.34% (95%CI 0.23%, 0.45%), 0.42% (95%CI 0.29%, 0.56%), 0.44% (95%CI 0.33%, 0.55%), 0.36% (95%CI 0.24%, 0.49%), 0.91% (95%CI 0.62%, 1.21%) and 0.38% (95%CI 0.26%, 0.49%). The concentration of O3 on lag1 day was significantly associated with a decreased risk of outpatient visits for ILI, which decreased by 0.21% (95%CI 0.04%, 0.39%). We found that the urbanization process had significantly aggravated the impact of air pollutants on ILI outpatient visits. These findings expand the current knowledge of ILI outpatient visits correlated with air pollutants under urbanization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Song Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lu Xi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Tongzhou Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101100, PR China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Tongzhou Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101100, PR China
| | - Xin-Yao Lian
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yan Cui
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Tongzhou Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101100, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Tongzhou Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101100, PR China
| | - Wan-Xue Zhang
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yan-Na Yang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Tongzhou Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101100, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Zhou W, Ming X, Yang Y, Hu Y, He Z, Chen H, Li Y, Cheng J, Zhou X. Associations between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and very low birth weight: A birth cohort study in Chongqing, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1123594. [PMID: 36960371 PMCID: PMC10028238 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been many researches done on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few studies related to very low birth weight (VLBW). This study thus explores the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of VLBW, and estimates the sensitive exposure time window. Methods A retrospective cohort study analyzed in Chongqing, China, during 2015-2020. The Generalized Additive Model were applied to estimate exposures for each participant during each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. Results For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during pregnancy, the relative risk of VLBW increased on the first trimester, with RR = 1.100 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.195) in the single-pollutant model. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, there was a 12.9% (RR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.055, 1.209) increase for VLBW on the first trimester in the single-pollutant model, and an 11.5% (RR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.024, 1.213) increase in the multi-pollutant model, respectively. The first and second trimester exposures of NO2 were found to have statistically significant RR values for VLBW. The RR values on the first trimester were 1.131 (95% CI: 1.037, 1.233) and 1.112 (95% CI: 1.015, 1.218) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively; The RR values on the second trimester were 1.129 (95% CI: 1.027, 1.241) and 1.146 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.265) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively. The RR of O3 exposure for VLBW on the entire trimester was 1.076 (95% CI: 1.010-1.146), and on the second trimester was 1.078 (95% CI: 1:016, 1.144) in the single-pollutant model. Conclusion This study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 during pregnancy may increase the risk of very low birth weight, especially for exposure on the first and second trimester. Reducing the risk of early maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is thus necessary for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunping Yang
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yannan Li
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Jin Cheng
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Quality Management Section, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Quality Management Section, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Zhou
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Gutvirtz G, Sheiner E. Airway pollution and smoking in reproductive health. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 85:81-93. [PMID: 36333255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure refers to contact with chemical, biological, or physical substances found in air, water, food, or soil that may have a harmful effect on a person's health. Almost all of the global population (99%) breathe air that contains high levels of pollutants. Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use and is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The small particles from either ambient (outdoor) pollution or cigarette smoke are inhaled to the lungs and quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. These substances can affect virtually every organ in our body and have been associated with various respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and also reproductive morbidities, including decreased fertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and offspring long-term morbidity. This review summarizes the latest literature reporting the reproductive consequences of women exposed to ambient (outdoor) air pollution and cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Gutvirtz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology B, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology B, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ, Hazlehurst M, Carroll K, Loftus C, Nguyen R, Barrett E, Swan SH, Szpiro AA, Paquette A, Moore P, Spalt E, Younglove L, Sullivan A, Colburn T, Byington N, Sims Taylor L, Moe S, Wang S, Cordeiro A, Mattias A, Powell J, Johnson T, Norona-Zhou A, Mason A, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S. Cohort profile: the ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064288. [PMID: 36270755 PMCID: PMC9594508 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposures early in life, beginning in utero, have long-term impacts on mental and physical health. The ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS) was established to examine the independent and combined impact of pregnancy and childhood chemical exposures and psychosocial stressors on child neurodevelopment and airway health, as well as the placental mechanisms underlying these associations. PARTICIPANTS The ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium harmonises extant data from 2684 mother-child dyads in three pregnancy cohort studies (CANDLE [Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood], TIDES [The Infant Development and Environment Study] and GAPPS [Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth]) and collects prospective data under a unified protocol. Study participants are socioeconomically diverse and include a large proportion of Black families (38% Black and 51% White), often under-represented in research. Children are currently 5-15 years old. New data collection includes multimodal assessments of primary outcomes (airway health and neurodevelopment) and exposures (air pollution, phthalates and psychosocial stress) as well as rich covariate characterisation. ECHO-PATHWAYS is compiling extant and new biospecimens in a central biorepository and generating the largest placental transcriptomics data set to date (N=1083). FINDINGS TO DATE Early analyses demonstrate adverse associations of prenatal exposure to air pollution, phthalates and maternal stress with early childhood airway outcomes and neurodevelopment. Placental transcriptomics work suggests that phthalate exposure alters placental gene expression, pointing to mechanistic pathways for the developmental toxicity of phthalates. We also observe associations between prenatal maternal stress and placental corticotropin releasing hormone, a marker of hormonal activation during pregnancy relevant for child health. Other publications describe novel methods for examining exposure mixtures and the development of a national spatiotemporal model of ambient outdoor air pollution. FUTURE PLANS The first wave of data from the unified protocol (child age 8-9) is nearly complete. Future work will leverage these data to examine the combined impact of early life social and chemical exposures on middle childhood health outcomes and underlying placental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marnie Hazlehurst
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kecia Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruby Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison Paquette
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology and the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa Younglove
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Center for Health and Community, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trina Colburn
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nora Byington
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren Sims Taylor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Wang
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alana Cordeiro
- Center for Health and Community, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aria Mattias
- Department of Envrionmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Powell
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tye Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Norona-Zhou
- Center for Health and Community, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Shanahan KH, Subramanian SV, Burdick KJ, Monuteaux MC, Lee LK, Fleegler EW. Association of Neighborhood Conditions and Resources for Children With Life Expectancy at Birth in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2235912. [PMID: 36239940 PMCID: PMC9568807 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance To address inequities in life expectancy, we must understand the associations of modifiable socioeconomic and structural factors with life expectancy. However, the association of limited neighborhood resources and deleterious physical conditions with life expectancy is not well understood. Objective To evaluate the association of community social and economic conditions and resources for children with life expectancy at birth. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study examined neighborhood child opportunity and life expectancy using data from residents of 65 662 US Census tracts in 2015. The analysis was conducted from July 6 to October 1, 2021. Exposures Neighborhood conditions and resources for children in 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was life expectancy at birth at the Census tract level based on data from the US Small-Area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015). Neighborhood conditions and resources for children were quantified by Census tract Child Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0 scores for 2015. This index captures community conditions associated with children's health and long-term outcomes categorized into 5 levels, from very low to very high opportunity. It includes 29 indicators in 3 domains: education, health and environment, and social and economic factors. Mixed-effects and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between standardized COI scores (composite and domain-specific) and life expectancy. Results The study included residents from 65 662 of 73 057 US Census tracts (89.9%). Life expectancy at birth across Census tracts ranged from 56.3 years to 93.6 years (mean [SD], 78.2 [4.0] years). Life expectancy in Census tracts with very low COI scores was lower than life expectancy in Census tracts with very high COI scores (-7.06 years [95% CI, -7.13 to -6.99 years]). Stepwise associations were observed between COI scores and life expectancy. For each domain, life expectancy was shortest in Census tracts with very low compared with very high COI scores (education: β = -2.02 years [95% CI, -2.12 to -1.92 years]); health and environment: β = -2.30 years [95% CI, -2.41 to -2.20 years]; social and economic: β = -4.16 years [95% CI, -4.26 to -4.06 years]). The models accounted for 41% to 54% of variability in life expectancy at birth (R2 = 0.41-0.54). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, neighborhood conditions and resources for children were significantly associated with life expectancy at birth, accounting for substantial variability in life expectancy at the Census tract level. These findings suggest that community resources and conditions are important targets for antipoverty interventions and policies to improve life expectancy and address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H. Shanahan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael C. Monuteaux
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lois K. Lee
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric W. Fleegler
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jain VG, Monangi N, Zhang G, Muglia LJ. Genetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics of preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13600. [PMID: 35818963 PMCID: PMC9509423 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth contributes significantly to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Despite its global significance, there has only been limited progress in preventing preterm birth. Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) results from a wide variety of pathological processes. Although many non-genetic risk factors influence the timing of gestation and labor, compelling evidence supports the role of substantial genetic and epigenetic influences and their interactions with the environment contributing to sPTB. To investigate a common and complex disease such as sPTB, various approaches such as genome-wide association studies, whole-exome sequencing, transcriptomics, and integrative approaches combining these with other 'omics studies have been used. However, many of these studies were typically small or focused on a single ethnicity or geographic region with limited data, particularly in populations at high risk for sPTB, or lacked a robust replication. These studies found many genes involved in the inflammation and immunity-related pathways that may affect sPTB. Recent studies also suggest the role of epigenetic modifications of gene expression by the environmental signals as a potential contributor to the risk of sPTB. Future genetic studies of sPTB should continue to consider the contributions of both maternal and fetal genomes as well as their interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral G. Jain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nagendra Monangi
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Yang JH, Strodl E, Wu CA, Hou XY, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun DL, Xian DX, Chen JY, Chen YJ, Chen J, Chen WQ. Maternal exposure to cooking oil fumes during pregnancy and autistic-like behaviors in Chinese preschoolers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74688-74698. [PMID: 35639306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cooking oil fumes (COFs) are harmful indoor air pollutants. However, there is a dearth of research investigating whether maternal COFs exposure during pregnancy may affect children's autistic-like behaviors in China. This study aimed to explore this association, and examine the effects of different cooking fuels and ventilation methods used by mothers on the presence of autistic-like behaviors. This study analyzed the survey data of the Longhua Child Cohort Study in 2017 with a total of 62,372 mothers enrolled in this study. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, cooking habits during pregnancy, and autistic-like behaviors (measured using the Autism Behavior Checklist). After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that compared with children whose mothers never cooked during pregnancy, children whose mothers cooked sometimes, often, always during pregnancy had the higher risk of autistic-like behaviors. As the amounts of COFs exposed to and the frequency of cooking during pregnancy increased, the risk of a child's autistic-like behaviors also increased. Mothers using natural gas as cooking fuels had a lower risk of their child having autistic-like behaviors, compared with mothers using coal or other cooking fuels. Furthermore, pregnant women using ventilation measures during cooking significantly decreased likelihood of the presence of autistic-like behaviors in their children. These results suggest that maternal exposure to COFs during pregnancy may increase the likelihood of the presence of autistic-like behaviors in offspring. These findings support a recommendation that pregnant women should avoid exposure to COFs and use clean fuels and ventilation equipment in kitchens to reduce the risk of autistic-like behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-Sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hou
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Min Wen
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deng-Li Sun
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Xia Xian
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-Sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-Sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-Sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-Sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Information Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Al-Ahmadi HH. The Significance of Software Engineering to Forecast the Public Health Issues: A Case of Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:900075. [PMID: 36062119 PMCID: PMC9433742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, public health has become a core issue addressed by researchers. However, because of our limited knowledge, studies mainly focus on the causes of public health issues. On the contrary, this study provides forecasts of public health issues using software engineering techniques and determinants of public health. Our empirical findings show significant impacts of carbon emission and health expenditure on public health. The results confirm that support vector machine (SVM) outperforms the forecasting of public health when compared to multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The findings are valuable to policymakers in forecasting public health issues and taking preemptive actions to address the relevant health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Hassan Al-Ahmadi
- Software Engineering Department, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127534. [PMID: 35742785 PMCID: PMC9224398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Worsening air quality and pollution lead to numerous environmental health and sustainability issues in the South Asia region. This study analyzes India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal for air quality data trends and sustainability indicators. Methodology: By using a population-based study design, six South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available repositories for region dynamics and key variables. Results: Between 1990 and 2020, air quality data indicated the highest rise in CO2 emissions in India (578.5 to 2441.8 million tons) (MT), Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Greenhouse gas emissions, from 1990 to 2018, nearly tripled in India (1990.4 to 3346.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (20.6 to 54.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), and Pakistan, and doubled in Bangladesh. Methane emissions rose the highest in Pakistan (70.4 to 151 MT of CO2-equivalents), followed by Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents) and India (524.8 to 669.3 MT of CO2-equivalents). Nitrous oxide nearly doubled in Bangladesh (16.5 to 29.3 MT of CO2-equivalents), India (141.6 to 256.9 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents), and more than doubled in Pakistan (27 to 61 MT of CO2-equivalents). On noting particulate matter 2,5 annual exposure, India saw the highest rise from 81.3 µg/m3 (in 1990) to 90.9 µg/m3 (2017), whereas trends were steady in Pakistan (60.34 to 58.3 µg/m3). The highest rise was noted in Nepal (87.6 to 99.7 µg/m3) until 2017. During the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, the pre-and post-pandemic changes between 2018 and 2021 indicated the highest PM2.5 concentration in Bangladesh (76.9 µg/m3), followed by Pakistan (66.8 µg/m3), India (58.1 µg/m3), Nepal (46 µg/m3) and Sri Lanka (17.4 µg/m3). Overall, South Asian countries contribute to the worst air quality and sustainability trends regions worldwide. Conclusions: Air pollution is prevalent across a majority of South Asia countries. Owing to unsustainable industrial practices, pollution trends have risen to hazardous levels. Economic, environmental, and human health impacts have manifested and require urgent, concerted efforts by governing bodies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Perera
- From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York (F.P.); and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Otolaryngology, and Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (K.N.)
| | - Kari Nadeau
- From the Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York (F.P.); and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Otolaryngology, and Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (K.N.)
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50
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Liu WY, Yi JP, Shi L, Tung TH. Association Between Air Pollutants and Pediatric Respiratory Outpatient Visits in Zhoushan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865798. [PMID: 35444995 PMCID: PMC9014799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the time-series relationship between air pollutants and the number of children's respiratory outpatient visits in coastal cities. Methods We used time series analysis to investigate the association between air pollution levels and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in Zhoushan city, China. The population was selected from children aged 0–18 who had been in pediatric respiratory clinics for eight consecutive years from 2014 to 2020. After describing the population and weather characteristics, a lag model was used to explore the relationship between outpatient visits and air pollution. Results We recorded annual outpatient visits for different respiratory diseases in children. The best synergy lag model found a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for every 4–10% increase in the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits (P < 0.05). The cumulative effect of an increase in the number of daily pediatric respiratory clinics with a lag of 1–7 days was the best model. Conclusions PM2.5 is significantly related to the number of respiratory outpatient visits of children, which can aid in formulating policies for health resource allocation and health risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Liu
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yi
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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