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Ohsawa Y, Sun Y, Sekiguchi K, Kondo S, Maekawa T, Takita M, Tanimoto T, Kami M. Risk Index of Regional Infection Expansion of COVID-19: Moving Direction Entropy Study Using Mobility Data and Its Application to Tokyo. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e57742. [PMID: 39037745 PMCID: PMC11375397 DOI: 10.2196/57742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policies, such as stay home, bubbling, and stay with your community, recommending that individuals reduce contact with diverse communities, including families and schools, have been introduced to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these policies are violated if individuals from various communities gather, which is a latent risk in a real society where people move among various unreported communities. OBJECTIVE We aimed to create a physical index to assess the possibility of contact between individuals from diverse communities, which serves as an indicator of the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 spread when considered and combined with existing indices. METHODS Moving direction entropy (MDE), which quantifies the diversity of moving directions of individuals in each local region, is proposed as an index to evaluate a region's risk of contact of individuals from diverse communities. MDE was computed for each inland municipality in Tokyo using mobility data collected from smartphones before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To validate the hypothesis that the impact of intercommunity contact on infection expansion becomes larger for a virus with larger infectivity, we compared the correlations of the expansion of infectious diseases with indices, including MDE and the densities of supermarkets, restaurants, etc. In addition, we analyzed the temporal changes in MDE in municipalities. RESULTS This study had 4 important findings. First, the MDE values for local regions showed significant invariance between different periods according to the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (>0.9). Second, MDE was found to correlate with the rate of infection cases of COVID-19 among local populations in 53 inland regions (average of 0.76 during the period of expansion). The density of restaurants had a similar correlation with COVID-19. The correlation between MDE and the rate of infection was smaller for influenza than for COVID-19, and tended to be even smaller for sexually transmitted diseases (order of infectivity). These findings support the hypothesis. Third, the spread of COVID-19 was accelerated in regions with high-rank MDE values compared to those with high-rank restaurant densities during and after the period of the governmental declaration of emergency (P<.001). Fourth, the MDE values tended to be high and increased during the pandemic period in regions where influx or daytime movement was present. A possible explanation for the third and fourth findings is that policymakers and living people have been overlooking MDE. CONCLUSIONS We recommend monitoring the regional values of MDE to reduce the risk of infection spread. To aid in this monitoring, we present a method to create a heatmap of MDE values, thereby drawing public attention to behaviors that facilitate contact between communities during a highly infectious disease pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ohsawa
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaira Sekiguchi
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sae Kondo
- School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Harrison AG, Wang B, Cao Z, Torrance B, Fan Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang L, Haynes L, Cheng G, Vella AT, Flavell RA, Pereira JP, Fikrig E, Wang P. UBXN3B is crucial for B lymphopoiesis. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105248. [PMID: 39018756 PMCID: PMC11287013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing proteins (UBXNs) are putative adaptors for ubiquitin ligases and valosin-containing protein; however, their in vivo physiological functions remain poorly characterised. We recently showed that UBXN3B is essential for activating innate immunity to DNA viruses and controlling DNA/RNA virus infection. Herein, we investigate its role in adaptive immunity. METHODS We evaluated the antibody responses to multiple viruses and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza in tamoxifen-inducible global and constitutive B cell-specific Ubxn3b knockout mice; quantified various immune populations, B lineage progenitors/precursors, B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and apoptosis by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. We also performed bone marrow transfer, single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. FINDINGS Both global and B cell-specific Ubxn3b knockout mice present a marked reduction in small precursor B-II (>60%), immature (>70%) and mature B (>95%) cell numbers. Transfer of wildtype bone marrow to irradiated global Ubxn3b knockouts restores normal B lymphopoiesis, while reverse transplantation does not. The mature B population shrinks rapidly with apoptosis and higher pro and activated caspase-3 protein levels were observed following induction of Ubxn3b knockout. Mechanistically, Ubxn3b deficiency leads to impaired pre-BCR signalling and cell cycle arrest. Ubxn3b knockout mice are highly vulnerable to respiratory viruses, with increased viral loads and prolonged immunopathology in the lung, and reduced production of virus-specific IgM/IgG. INTERPRETATION UBXN3B is essential for B lymphopoiesis by maintaining constitutive pre-BCR signalling and cell survival in a cell-intrinsic manner. FUNDING United States National Institutes of Health grants, R01AI132526 and R21AI155820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Center on Aging and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Blake Torrance
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Laura Haynes
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Joao P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Garrido NJ, González-Martínez F, Losada S, Plaza A, del Olmo E, Mateo J. Innovation through Artificial Intelligence in Triage Systems for Resource Optimization in Future Pandemics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:440. [PMID: 39056881 PMCID: PMC11274710 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are already being used in various healthcare areas. Similarly, they can offer many advantages in hospital emergency services. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that through the novel use of AI, a trained system can be developed to detect patients at potential risk of infection in a new pandemic more quickly than standardized triage systems. This identification would occur in the emergency department, thus allowing for the early implementation of organizational preventive measures to block the chain of transmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we propose the use of a machine learning system in emergency department triage during pandemics to detect patients at the highest risk of death and infection using the COVID-19 era as an example, where rapid decision making and comprehensive support have becoming increasingly crucial. All patients who consecutively presented to the emergency department were included, and more than 89 variables were automatically analyzed using the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm. RESULTS The XGB system demonstrated the highest balanced accuracy at 91.61%. Additionally, it obtained results more quickly than traditional triage systems. The variables that most influenced mortality prediction were procalcitonin level, age, and oxygen saturation, followed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, C-reactive protein, the presence of interstitial infiltrates on chest X-ray, and D-dimer. Our system also identified the importance of oxygen therapy in these patients. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that XGB is a useful and novel tool in triage systems for guiding the care pathway in future pandemics, thus following the example set by the well-known COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás J. Garrido
- Internal Medicine, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Expert Medical Analysis Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Félix González-Martínez
- Expert Medical Analysis Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Expert Medical Analysis Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Susana Losada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Eneida del Olmo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Expert Medical Analysis Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Expert Medical Analysis Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Stefanizzi P, Di Lorenzo A, Capodiferro L, Moscara L, Noviello C, Vimercati L, De Maria L, Tafuri S. Increasing vaccination coverage among healthcare workers: Active call and mandatory laws. Data from a large general hospital in Southern Italy. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00739-4. [PMID: 39013692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are respiratory pathogens which significantly impact healthcare systems. Seasonal vaccination is recommended for all healthcare workers (HCWs) to reduce the risk for both operators and patients. Puglia, a region in Southern Italy, has been enforcing since 2018 a law mandating influenza vaccination in healthcare workers. However, vaccination coverages for this category have always been suboptimal. Our study tests the effectiveness of an active recall intervention on vaccination coverage for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in the HCWs of a large Apulian hospital (Southern Italy). During the 2023-2024 influenza vaccination season, unvaccinated HCWs of Bari's Policlinico General Hospital were contacted. The e-mail reminded them of a regional law mandating influenza vaccination to all HCWs and offered an appointment for vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was also offered. In 2022-2023, 43.16 % of HCWs were vaccinated against influenza and 21.87 % against SARS-CoV-2. Coverage changed during the 2023-2024 season to 54.11 % and 13.58 %, respectively. A regression model showed that vaccination uptake's increase was associated with the e-mail reception and with the operator being a physician vs. non-medical personnel. On the contrary, subjects who received the e-mail did not show an increased SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake, which was on the contrary influenced by the worker's age, sex, job title, and area of risk. Our soft-mandate intervention was effective in increasing vaccination uptake by HCWs. Communication with a trained specialist was probably useful, and the possibility to access vaccination services with dedicated appointments increased convenience. Mandatory vaccination policies and active recall seem to synergically impact vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Di Lorenzo
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
| | - Luca Capodiferro
- Bari Policlinico General University Hospital, Board of Medical Directors, Control Room Program Unit, Italy
| | - Lorenza Moscara
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
| | - Chiara Noviello
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Bari Aldo Moro University, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Italy
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Chandna S, Raj K, Agrawal A, Nanda S, Jyotheeswara Pillai K, Bhagat U, Bajaj S, Raoof S, Mehta AC. Prevalence and patient risk factors for pneumothorax in COVID-19 and in influenza pneumonia: a nationwide comparative analysis. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:3593-3605. [PMID: 38983184 PMCID: PMC11228741 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Pneumothorax is a rare but deadly complication in patients who require mechanical ventilation. As with any condition associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be associated with pneumothorax. However, in the literature, comparative data on the risk factors for pneumothorax in COVID-19 and other diseases like influenza are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors for pneumothorax in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compare them with influenza pneumonia patients. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2020 database cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the prevalence and risk factors for pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients and compared with the risk of pneumothorax in influenza patients. Results The NIS 2020 database includes 1,608,980 hospitalizations of COVID-19 patients, of which 22,545 [95% confidence interval (CI): 21,491-23,598] (1.4%) developed pneumothorax. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with pneumothorax in COVID-19 included patient age of 41-64 years; male sex; Hispanics, Native Americans, and other races; hospitals with large-bed size; privately owned hospitals; urban teaching hospitals; hospitals in the southern United States (US); stroke; malnutrition; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchiectasis; pulmonary fibrosis; liver disease; non-invasive and invasive ventilation; and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Of 184,980 influenza patients, 1,630 (95% CI: 1,448-1,811) (0.88%) developed pneumothorax. The prevalence of pneumothorax was higher (1.4%) in COVID-19 patients compared to patients with influenza pneumonia (0.88%). Conclusions COVID-19 patients who develop pneumothorax have a poor prognosis. Several risk factors for the development of pneumothorax were identified. Patients with these risk factors should be prioritized in applying evidence-based guidelines to prevent pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Chandna
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kavin Raj
- Department of Cardiology, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ankit Agrawal
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Saumya Nanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Umesh Bhagat
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suryansh Bajaj
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Suhail Raoof
- Lung Institute, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atul C. Mehta
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Antonyan T, Chilingaryan G, Zagorski K, Ghazaryan M, Hovakimyan A, Davtyan H, Petrushina I, King O, Kniazev R, Petrovsky N, Ghochikyan A. MultiTEP-Based Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein IgG Epitopes Elicit Robust Binding Antibody Titers with Limited Virus-Neutralizing Activity. Pathogens 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 38921817 PMCID: PMC11206316 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the last two decades, SARS-CoV-2 was the third zoonotic severe acute respiratory betacoronavirus (sarbecovirus) to infect humans, following SARS and MERS. The disruptions caused by the pandemic underscore the need for a universal vaccine against respiratory betacoronaviruses. Our group previously developed the universal platform for vaccine development, MultiTEP, which has been utilized in this study to generate a range of SARS-CoV-2 epitope vaccine candidates. We prepared and characterized 18 vaccines incorporating small peptide fragments from SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein fused with the MultiTEP sequence using overlapping PCR. Wild-type mice were immunized intramuscularly with the immunogen formulated in AdvaxCpG adjuvant. Serum antibodies were detected by ELISA, surrogate neutralization, and pseudovirus neutralization assays. Finally, the most promising vaccine candidate was administered to three non-human primates. All vaccines generated high titers of spike-binding IgG antibodies. However, only three vaccines generated antibodies that blocked RBD binding to the ACE2 receptor in a surrogate virus neutralization assay. However, none of the vaccines induced antibodies able to neutralize pseudotype viruses, including after the administration of the lead vaccine to NHPs. MultiTEP-based COVID-19 vaccines elicited robust, IgG-binding responses against the Spike protein in mice and non-human primates, but these antibodies were not neutralizing, underscoring the need to refine this approach further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatevik Antonyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Karen Zagorski
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Manush Ghazaryan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Armine Hovakimyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Irina Petrushina
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Olga King
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | - Roman Kniazev
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
| | | | - Anahit Ghochikyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; (T.A.)
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Imai H, Suzuki J, Takahashi S, Shimada D, Yoshida M, Endo S, Kaku M. The Epidemiology of Circulating Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Intern Med 2024; 63:1683-1687. [PMID: 38494719 PMCID: PMC11239251 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3266-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To survey the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods Specimens were assayed using multiplex nested PCR. Materials Specimens were obtained from outpatients who presented with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and asymptomatic outpatients who had contact with patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital in Sendai, Japan, from November 1, 2020, to May 31, 2023. The analysis included multiple specimens collected from the same patients at different time-points. Data were collected from the electronic records after testing. Results This study included 8,335 patients (4,311 men) with a median age of 59 years old, and 11,741 total specimens were collected. At least 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 result was obtained for 1,710 (14.6%) specimens. Furthermore, 15 pathogens were identified in the positive specimens, and rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected more frequently than other viruses. We identified a larger number of SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens in patients ≥10 years old. In contrast, in patients 0-9 years old, we identified a larger number of specimens positive for rhinovirus/enterovirus than for other viruses. Conclusion In this study, we examined the epidemiology of circulating respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Imai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Daishi Shimada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Makiko Yoshida
- Division of Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Shiro Endo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Division of Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
- Division of Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Purcell‐Wiltz A, Zamuner FT, Caraballo K, De Jesus L, Miranda Y, Ortiz D, Negrón AG, Ortiz AC, Baez A, Romaguera J, Jiménez I, Ortiz A, Acevedo J, Viera L, Sidransky D, Guerrero‐Preston R. Evaluation of self-collected nasal, urine, and saliva samples for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 using an EUA approved RT-PCR assay and a laboratory developed LAMP SARS-CoV-2 test. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1285. [PMID: 38888444 PMCID: PMC11184932 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread throughout the world, millions of positive cases of COVID-19 were registered and, even though there are millions of people already vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, a large part of the global population remains vulnerable to contracting the virus. Massive nasopharyngeal sample collection in Puerto Rico at the beginning of the pandemic was limited by the scarcity of trained personnel and testing sites. To increase SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing availability, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected nasal, saliva, and urine samples using the TaqPath reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 kit to detect SARS-CoV-2. We also created a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) laboratory developed test (LDT) to detect SARS-CoV-2, as another strategy to increase the availability of molecular testing in community-based laboratories. Automated RNA extraction was performed in the KingFisher Flex instrument, followed by PCR quantification of SARS-CoV-2 on the 7500 Fast Dx RT-PCR using the TaqPath RT-PCR COVID-19 molecular test. Data was interpreted by the COVID-19 Interpretive Software from Applied Biosystems and statistically analyzed with Cohen's kappa coefficient (k). Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) for paired nasal and saliva samples showed moderate agreement (0.52). Saliva samples exhibited a higher viral load. We also observed 90% concordance between LifeGene-Biomarks' SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Colorimetric LAMP LDT and the TaqPath RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Our results suggest that self-collected saliva is superior to nasal and urine samples for COVID-19 testing. The results also suggest that the colorimetric LAMP LDT is a rapid alternative to RT-PCR tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. This test can be easily implemented in clinics, hospitals, the workplace, and at home; optimizing the surveillance and collection process, which helps mitigate global public health and socioeconomic upheaval caused by airborne pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Purcell‐Wiltz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
- Internal Medicine DepartmentSan Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguasPuerto Rico
| | - Fernando Tadeu Zamuner
- Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research DivisionJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Karem Caraballo
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Lorena De Jesus
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Yaima Miranda
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Denise Ortiz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Amanda García Negrón
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Andrea Cortés Ortiz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
- Internal Medicine DepartmentSan Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguasPuerto Rico
| | - Adriana Baez
- Otolaryngology DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Josefina Romaguera
- Obstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Ivonne Jiménez
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Jorge Acevedo
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - David Sidransky
- Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research DivisionJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Pandey S, Bapat V, Abraham JN, Abraham NM. Long COVID: From olfactory dysfunctions to viral Parkinsonism. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 10:137-147. [PMID: 38855289 PMCID: PMC11156689 DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric complications continue to be a public health concern in long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This varies from olfactory dysfunctions such as parosmia to cognitive and emotional challenges. Historically, the surge of neurological disorders followed the viral pandemics, for example, the emergence of Encephalitis Lethargica after the outbreak of Spanish Influenza. During and after COVID-19 infection, the problems associated with the sense of smell and the reports of affected olfactory and limbic brain areas are leading to a growing concern about the similarity with the symptoms and the pattern of degeneration observed at the onset of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. These reports reveal the essentiality of long-term studies of olfactory and cognitive functions in the post-COVID era and the experiments using animal models to dissect the neural basis of these complications. In this manuscript, we summarize the research reporting the potential correlation between neurological disorders and viral pandemic outbreaks with a historical perspective. Further, we discuss the studies providing evidence of neurodegeneration due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by focusing on viral Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Pandey
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Vibha Bapat
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Jancy Nixon Abraham
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in EpigeneticsShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Nixon M. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia
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10
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Sellies AJ, Knol MJ, de Melker HE, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJL, de Boer AR. Non-specific effects of the inactivated influenza vaccine. A test-negative study: The inactivated influenza vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccine 2024; 42:3455-3460. [PMID: 38658205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggested that the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection or a severe course of COVID-19. These findings were however based on cohort studies, that are prone to confounding by indication. We examined the association between IIV and SARS-Cov-2 infection in a Dutch population using a test-negative design. METHODS This test-negative case-control study was conducted in adults (≥60) who tested because of COVID-19 like symptoms at community SARS-CoV-2 testing locations in the Netherlands during the period of November 8th 2021-March 11th 2022. Information on receipt of IIV in October-November 2021 was routinely collected at each visit. Logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted, partially (sex, age, education level) and fully adjusted (COVID-19 vaccination, IIV 2020) odds ratios (ORs) for receipt of IIV in SARS-CoV-2 positive versus negative subjects. Differential effects on SARS-CoV-2 risk by time since IIV were investigated by including an interaction term for calendar time: November 2021-January 2022 vs February-March 2022. RESULTS In total, 1,832 participants were included in the main analysis, of whom 336 (18.3 %) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. No significant association between IIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection was found; fully adjusted OR of 1.07 (95 % CI: 0.78-1.49). The interaction term for time periods was not significant (1.04 [95 % CI: 0.51-2.15], p = 0.91). Results were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS While earlier observational studies suggested a protective non-specific effect of IIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, this smaller, but well controlled test-negative design study does not suggest an effect, either positive or negative. Larger test-negative design studies, or alternative designs such as the self-controlled case series design are needed to confirm these findings and provide more definite answers on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jasmijn Sellies
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam J Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarijn R de Boer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Zhang Z, Jin H, Zhang X, Bai M, Zheng K, Tian J, Deng B, Mao L, Qiu P, Huang B. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, influenza, and HIV on the regulation of gene expression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369311. [PMID: 38601162 PMCID: PMC11004287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a infectious disease, coexisting with widespread seasonal and sporadic influenza epidemics globally. Individuals living with HIV, characterized by compromised immune systems, face an elevated risk of severe outcomes and increased mortality when affected by COVID-19. Despite this connection, the molecular intricacies linking COVID-19, influenza, and HIV remain unclear. Our research endeavors to elucidate the shared pathways and molecular markers in individuals with HIV concurrently infected with COVID-19 and influenza. Furthermore, we aim to identify potential medications that may prove beneficial in managing these three interconnected illnesses. Methods Sequencing data for COVID-19 (GSE157103), influenza (GSE185576), and HIV (GSE195434) were retrieved from the GEO database. Commonly expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and diagnostic ROC analysis on the DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hub genes were screened through a Protein-Protein Interaction networks (PPIs) analysis among DEGs. Analysis of miRNAs, transcription factors, drug chemicals, diseases, and RNA-binding proteins was conducted based on the identified hub genes. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression verification was undertaken for selected hub genes. Results The analysis of the three datasets revealed a total of 22 shared DEGs, with the majority exhibiting an area under the curve value exceeding 0.7. Functional enrichment analysis with GO/KEGG and GSEA primarily highlighted signaling pathways associated with ribosomes and tumors. The ten identified hub genes included IFI44L, IFI44, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, OASL, and EPSTI1. Additionally, five crucial miRNAs (hsa-miR-8060, hsa-miR-6890-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, and hsa-miR-6069), five essential transcription factors (CREB1, CEBPB, EGR1, EP300, and IRF1), and the top ten significant drug chemicals (estradiol, progesterone, tretinoin, calcitriol, fluorouracil, methotrexate, lipopolysaccharide, valproic acid, silicon dioxide, cyclosporine) were identified. Conclusion This research provides valuable insights into shared molecular targets, signaling pathways, drug chemicals, and potential biomarkers for individuals facing the complex intersection of COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. These findings hold promise for enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment for individuals with HIV co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Institute for Prevention and Control of Infection and Infectious Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Yingkou Central Hospital, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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12
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Asai Y, Ohashi T, Imai K, Murata K, Tsuzuki S, Matsunaga N, Ohmagari N. Differences in COVID-19 treatment across Japan: Analysis of the COVID-19 Registry Japan (COVIREGI-JP). J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:20-28. [PMID: 37689136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using data from the nationwide COVID-19 Registry Japan (COVIREGI-JP). METHODS Data of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during waves 2-4 (June 1, 2020-June 30, 2021) treated in one of the 800 medical institutions participating in the Registry were extracted. Treatment and treatment outcomes were evaluated in inpatients with moderate 2 and severe disease using propensity score matching performed between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. RESULTS A total of 32797 patients were identified during epidemic waves 2-4. After matching (wave 2, n = 307; wave 3, n = 913; wave 4, n = 479), the population comprised mostly elderly patients with a median age of ≥65 years (IQR: 52-81 years) and median SpO2 of 93/94 (IQR: 91%-96%), and the proportion of patients with moderate 2 (SpO2≤93%/require oxygenation) vs severe disease (ICU admission) ranged from 82.7% to 89.8% vs 10.2% to 17.3% in metropolitan areas vs non-metropolitan areas, respectively, across all epidemic waves. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation was used significantly more in waves 2 and 3 and invasive mechanical ventilation in wave 4 in metropolitan vs non-metropolitan areas, compared with other waves. In wave 2, death as an outcome was significantly higher in metropolitan vs non-metropolitan areas compared with patient discharge to home/transfer. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 epidemic, starting from wave 2 up until and through wave 4, no clear differences in mortality rates and no regional differences in treatment provision patterns were observed between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Wang C, Khatun MS, Zhang Z, Allen MJ, Chen Z, Ellsworth CR, Currey JM, Dai G, Tian D, Bach K, Yin XM, Traina-Dorge V, Rappaport J, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Pociask DA, Qin X. COVID-19 and influenza infections mediate distinct pulmonary cellular and transcriptomic changes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1265. [PMID: 38092883 PMCID: PMC10719262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause persistent respiratory sequelae. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that sub-lethally infected K18-human ACE2 mice show patchy pneumonia associated with histiocytic inflammation and collagen deposition at 21 and 45 days post infection (DPI). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that compared to influenza-infected mice, SARS-CoV-2-infected mice had reduced interferon-gamma/alpha responses at 4 DPI and failed to induce keratin 5 (Krt5) at 6 DPI in lung, a marker of nascent pulmonary progenitor cells. Histologically, influenza- but not SARS-CoV-2-infected mice showed extensive Krt5+ "pods" structure co-stained with stem cell markers Trp63/NGFR proliferated in the pulmonary consolidation area at both 7 and 14 DPI, with regression at 21 DPI. These Krt5+ "pods" structures were not observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans or nonhuman primates. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection fails to induce nascent Krt5+ cell proliferation in consolidated regions, leading to incomplete repair of the injured lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michaela J Allen
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Calder R Ellsworth
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joshua M Currey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Konrad Bach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vicki Traina-Dorge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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14
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Ben Khelil J, Yazidi R, Ben Mrad N, Jarraya F, Rachdi E, Ayed S, Jamoussi A, Ben Salah A, Besbes M. Comparison of the clinical features and outcomes of severe seasonal influenza and COVID-19 patients in Tunisia between 2021 and 2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13215. [PMID: 38131002 PMCID: PMC10733115 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We compared patients diagnosed at a SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) surveillance site with COVID-19 and those with seasonal influenza to investigate the clinical differences, common features, and outcomes. Methods We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Abderrahman Mami Hospital between September 2021 and April 2022. Demographic, clinical, and biological data as well as outcomes were recorded for all patients. Results Among 223 SARI patients, 83 were confirmed COVID-19, and 22 were influenza positive. The distribution according to gender was similar; but patients with influenza were younger than those suffering from COVID-19(mean age 60.36 SD 17.28 vs. 61.88 SD 17.91; P = 0.601). In terms of underlying chronic diseases, the frequency was 84.3% in the COVID-19 group and 72.7% in the influenza group. COVID-19 patients had a longer duration of hospitalization (mean [SD], 9.51 days [8.47 days] vs. 7.33 days [8.82 days]; P = 0.003), and a more frequent need for invasive ventilation (80 [97.4%] vs. 20 [92.3]). Case fatality was also higher among this group compared to the latter (39 [47%] vs. 6 [27.3%], P = 0.01). Conclusion This exploratory study suggests higher severity of COVID-19 compared to seasonal influenza among SARI hospitalized patients even during the Omicron wave. Further research on higher sample sizes is required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalila Ben Khelil
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Rihab Yazidi
- Service of Medical EpidemiologyInstitut Pasteur de TunisTunis‐BelvédèreTunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02); Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis‐BelvédèreTunisia
| | - Nacef Ben Mrad
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Fatma Jarraya
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Emna Rachdi
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Samia Ayed
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Amira Jamoussi
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
| | - Afif Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02); Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis‐BelvédèreTunisia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS)Arabian Gulf University (AGU)ManamaBahrain
| | - Mohamed Besbes
- Intensive Care DepartmentAbderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Research Unit for Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation UR22SP01Abderrahman Mami HospitalArianaTunisia
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15
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Naji O, Darwish I, Bessame K, Vaghela T, Hawkins A, Elsakka M, Merai H, Lowe J, Schechter M, Moses S, Busby A, Sullivan K, Wellsted D, Zamir MA, Kandil H. A Comparison of the Epidemiological Characteristics Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49280. [PMID: 38143669 PMCID: PMC10746956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective It is crucial to make early differentiation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seasonal influenza infections at the time of a patient's presentation to the emergency department (ED). In light of this, this study aimed to identify key epidemiological, initial laboratory, and radiological differences that would enable early recognition during co-circulation. Methods This was a retrospective, observational cohort study. All adult patients presenting to our ED at the Watford General Hospital, UK, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (2019/20) or influenza (2018/19) infection were included in this study. Demographic, laboratory, and radiological data were collected. Binary logistic regression was employed to determine features associated with COVID-19 infection rather than influenza. Results Chest radiographs suggestive of viral pneumonitis and older age (≥80 years) were associated with increased odds of having COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR): 47.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.63-102.13 and OR: 64.85, 95% CI: 19.96-210.69 respectively]. Low eosinophils (<0.02 x 109/L) were found to increase the odds of COVID-19 (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.44-3.10, p<0.001). Conclusions Gaining awareness about the epidemiological, biological, and radiologic presentation of influenza-like illness can be useful for clinicians in ED to differentiate between COVID-19 and influenza. This study showed that older age, eosinopenia, and radiographic evidence of viral pneumonitis significantly increase the odds of having COVID-19 compared to influenza. Further research is needed to determine if these findings are affected by acquired or natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Naji
- Orthopaedics, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Iman Darwish
- Internal Medicine, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Khaoula Bessame
- Radiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Tejal Vaghela
- Corporate Department, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Anja Hawkins
- Microbiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Mohamed Elsakka
- Radiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Hema Merai
- Radiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Jeremy Lowe
- Corporate Department, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Miriam Schechter
- Corporate Department, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
| | - Samuel Moses
- Virology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation, Kennington, GBR
| | - Amanda Busby
- Health Research Methods Unit, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, GBR
| | - Keith Sullivan
- Health Research Methods Unit, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, GBR
| | - David Wellsted
- Health Research Methods Unit, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, GBR
| | | | - Hala Kandil
- Microbiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, GBR
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Stevens D, Banducci S, Horvath L. Authoritarianism, perceptions of security threats, and the COVID-19 pandemic: A new perspective. Politics Life Sci 2023; 43:60-82. [PMID: 38567785 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This article offers a new perspective on when and why individual-level authoritarian perceptions of security threats change. We reexamine claims that authoritarian members of the public responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a counterintuitive fashion. The response was counterintuitive in that, rather than a desire for a stronger government with the ability to impose measures to address the pandemic and its consequences, authoritarian individuals rejected a stronger government response and embraced individual autonomy. The article draws on perceptions of security threats-issues that directly or indirectly harm personal or collective safety and welfare-from surveys in two different contexts in England: 2012, when perceptions of the threat from infectious disease was low relative to most other security threats, and 2020, when perceptions of the personal and collective threat of COVID-19 superseded all other security threats. We argue that the authoritarian response was not counterintuitive once we account for the type of threat it represented.
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17
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Ruiz-Spinelli A, Waterer G, Rello J. Severe community-acquired pneumonia in the post COVID-19 era. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:400-406. [PMID: 37641523 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim was to examine and summarize the most recent published literature in the last years stating the advances for treatment options and adjunctive therapies in patients hospitalized with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). Search was performed in PubMed, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and international guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS Regardless of a large number of published CAP guidelines, most of their recommendations are based on low-level evidence.Viruses have an increasing role as sCAP etiology with an impact on mortality. Accordingly, it is imperative to strengthen the demand for vaccines and newer antivirals. Considering an early monitoring of the immune response in patients with severe Influenza, may help to evaluate a personalized immunomodulatory strategy. Despite growing evidence, the use of corticosteroids as an adjunctive therapy in bacterial sCAP continues to be controversial. SUMMARY Mortality due to sCAP still remains undesirably high. This fact strengthens the need for more high-quality research to increase evidence. It also highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of the level of evidence of the stated recommendations, taking this into consideration before decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Ruiz-Spinelli
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grant Waterer
- Respiratory Department, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Jordi Rello
- Global Health eCore, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unité de Recherche FOVERA, Réanimation Douleur Urgences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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18
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Li Y, Zhou X, Niu J, Chen J, Sheng H, Wu X, Yuan Y. Bibliometric analysis of publication trends and topics of influenza-related encephalopathy from 2000 to 2022. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1013. [PMID: 37773718 PMCID: PMC10510462 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-related encephalopathy is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy that usually presents during the early phase of influenza infection and primarily manifests as central nervous system dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the current research status and hotspots of influenza-related encephalopathy since 2000 through bibliometrics analysis. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was used to extract global papers on influenza-related encephalopathy from 2000 to 2022. Meanwhile, the VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used for data processing and result visualization. RESULTS A total of 561 published articles were included in the study. Japan was the country that published the most articles, with 205 articles, followed by the United States and China. Okayama University and Tokyo Medical University published the most articles, followed by Nagoya University, Tokyo University, and Juntendo University. Based on the analysis of keywords, four clusters with different research directions were identified: "Prevalence of H1N1 virus and the occurrence of neurological complications in different age groups," "mechanism of brain and central nervous system response after influenza virus infection," "various acute encephalopathy" and "diagnostic indicators of influenza-related encephalopathy." CONCLUSIONS The research progress, hotspots, and frontiers on influenza-related encephalopathy after 2000 were described through the visualization of bibliometrics. The findings will lay the groundwork for future studies and provide a reference for influenza-related encephalopathy. Research on influenza-related encephalopathy is basically at a stable stage, and the number of research results is related to outbreaks of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Juntao Tan
- Operation Management OfficeAffiliated Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeople's Hospital of Pujiang CountyZhejiangChina
- PuJiang branch of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaChina
| | - Jianhua Niu
- Intensive Care Department, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Lung Transplant Department, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Sheng
- Department of OrthopedicsTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Medical Records DepartmentWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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19
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Geismar C, Nguyen V, Fragaszy E, Shrotri M, Navaratnam AMD, Beale S, Byrne TE, Fong WLE, Yavlinsky A, Kovar J, Hoskins S, Braithwaite I, Aldridge RW, Hayward AC. Symptom profiles of community cases infected by influenza, RSV, rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12511. [PMID: 37532756 PMCID: PMC10397315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses that were suppressed through previous lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic have recently started to co-circulate with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the clinical characteristics and symptomatology of different respiratory viral infections can help address the challenges related to the identification of cases and the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variants' evolutionary patterns. Flu Watch (2006-2011) and Virus Watch (2020-2022) are household community cohort studies monitoring the epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2, in England and Wales. This study describes and compares the proportion of symptoms reported during illnesses infected by common respiratory viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 symptom profile increasingly resembles that of other respiratory viruses as new strains emerge. Increased cough, sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing are associated with the emergence of the Omicron strains. As SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic, monitoring the evolution of its symptomatology associated with new variants will be critical for clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Geismar
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Fragaszy
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Madhumita Shrotri
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annalan M D Navaratnam
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Beale
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas E Byrne
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wing Lam Erica Fong
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexei Yavlinsky
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Kovar
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Hoskins
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isobel Braithwaite
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Yang W, Han B, Zheng B, Li Y, Yao T, Han M, Li G, Zhang M. Antiviral Treatment in Older Chinese Patient with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Co-Infection: A Case Series. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4763-4768. [PMID: 37496693 PMCID: PMC10368128 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s418178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergence in late 2019, and wide spread quickly in the world. In China, the COVID-19 epidemic situation entered a low level now. With the arrival of flu season, the number of patients with respiratory symptoms is increasing. We reported three cases of patients who co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV), and they were all treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV/r) and baloxavir marboxil. Due to the overlapping clinical features between the two diseases, it is important to identified them and gave the antiviral therapy timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiefei Yao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gonghua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Sobczak M, Pawliczak R. Which Factors Were Related to the Number of COVID-19 Cases in the 2022/2023 Season Compared to the 2021/2022 Season in Europe? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4517. [PMID: 37445552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of COVID-19 cases was greater in early autumn 2022 in contrast to in autumn 2021. Therefore, we decided to examine the factors that may have affected differences in the number of COVID-19 cases between the time periods 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 with consideration of the occurrence of influenza. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a multiple factor analysis using data from publicly available databases for weeks 35-14 in 2022/2023 and 2021/2022 for Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia. In the 2021/2022 season, the analyzed countries had similar profiles and were characterized by restrictions, health system policies, and SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Eta, as well as Omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.2), which were positively correlated with the number of new cases of COVID-19 per million people. However, in the 2022/2023 season, the analyzed countries were described by groups of variables corresponding to vaccination, influenza, the number of flights, and the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariant. In summary, crucial factors correlated with the increasing of number of COVID-19 cases in the 2021/2022 season were the presence of dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the lifting of restrictions and strict health system policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Sobczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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22
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Lista F, Peragallo MS, Biselli R, De Santis R, Mariotti S, Nisini R, D'Amelio R. Have Diagnostics, Therapies, and Vaccines Made the Difference in the Pandemic Evolution of COVID-19 in Comparison with "Spanish Flu"? Pathogens 2023; 12:868. [PMID: 37513715 PMCID: PMC10384375 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1918 many countries, but not Spain, were fighting World War I. Spanish press could report about the diffusion and severity of a new infection without censorship for the first-time, so that this pandemic is commonly defined as "Spanish flu", even though Spain was not its place of origin. "Spanish flu" was one of the deadliest pandemics in history and has been frequently compared with the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. These pandemics share similarities, being both caused by highly variable and transmissible respiratory RNA viruses, and diversity, represented by diagnostics, therapies, and especially vaccines, which were made rapidly available for COVID-19, but not for "Spanish flu". Most comparison studies have been carried out in the first period of COVID-19, when these resources were either not yet available or their use had not long started. Conversely, we wanted to analyze the role that the advanced diagnostics, anti-viral agents, including monoclonal antibodies, and innovative COVID-19 vaccines, may have had in the pandemic containment. Early diagnosis, therapies, and anti-COVID-19 vaccines have markedly reduced the pandemic severity and mortality, thus preventing the collapse of the public health services. However, their influence on the reduction of infections and re-infections, thus on the transition from pandemic to endemic condition, appears to be of minor relevance. The high viral variability of influenza and coronavirus may probably be contained by the development of universal vaccines, which are not easy to be obtained. The only effective weapon still remains the disease prevention, to be achieved with the reduction of promiscuity between the animal reservoirs of these zoonotic diseases and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florigio Lista
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Stefano Peragallo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche di Sanità e Veterinaria, Comando Logistico dell'Esercito, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00198 Roma, Italy
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23
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Nazir A, Song J, Chen Y, Liu Y. Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020424. [PMID: 36838389 PMCID: PMC9961776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 29 July 2022, there had been a cumulative 572,239,451 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 6,390,401 fatalities. COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are usually treated with a combination of virus- and drug-induced immuno-suppression medicines. Critical clinical complications of the respiratory system due to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) could be the reason for the high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance is increasing daily, and only a few options are available in our antimicrobial armory. Hence, alternative therapeutic options such as enzymes derived from bacteriophages can be considered for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients. In particular, phage-derived depolymerases have high antivirulent potency that can efficiently degrade bacterial capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides. They have emerged as a promising class of new antibiotics and their therapeutic role for bacterial infections is already confirmed in animal models. This review provides an overview of the rising incidence of SBIs among COVID-19 patients. We present a practicable novel workflow for phage-derived depolymerases that can easily be adapted for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibao Chen
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
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24
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Sun Z, Ke L, Zhao Q, Qu J, Hu Y, Gao H, Peng Z. The use of bioinformatics methods to identify the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses on the regulation of gene expression in patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098688. [PMID: 36911695 PMCID: PMC9992716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection is a respiratory infectious disease similar to influenza virus infection. Numerous studies have reported similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and mortality between these two infections. However, the genetic effects of coronavirus and influenza viruses on the host that lead to these characteristics have rarely been reported. Methods COVID-19 (GSE157103) and influenza (GSE111368, GSE101702) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Ominbus (GEO) database. Differential gene, gene set enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene regulatory network, and immune cell infiltration analyses were performed to identify the critical impact of COVID-19 and influenza viruses on the regulation of host gene expression. Results The number of differentially expressed genes in the COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than in the influenza patients. 22 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the COVID-19 and influenza datasets. The effects of the viruses on the regulation of host gene expression were determined using gene set enrichment and PPI network analyses. Five HUB genes were finally identified: IFI27, OASL, RSAD2, IFI6, and IFI44L. Conclusion We identified five HUB genes between COVID-19 and influenza virus infection, which might be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and influenza. This knowledge may also guide future mechanistic studies that aim to identify pathogen-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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25
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Polymeric Materials as Indispensable Tools to Fight RNA Viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120816. [PMID: 36551022 PMCID: PMC9816944 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Towards the end of 2019 in Wuhan, suspicions of a new dangerous virus circulating in the air began to arise. It was the start of the world pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, considerable research data and review papers about this virus have been published. Hundreds of researchers have shared their work in order to achieve a better comprehension of this disease, all with the common goal of overcoming this pandemic. The coronavirus is structurally similar to influenza A. Both are RNA viruses and normally associated with comparable infection symptoms. In this review, different case studies targeting polymeric materials were appraised to highlight them as an indispensable tool to fight these RNA viruses. In particular, the main focus was how polymeric materials, and their versatile features could be applied in different stages of viral disease, i.e., in protection, detection and treatment.
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26
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Tofarides AG, Christaki E, Milionis H, Nikolopoulos GK. Effect of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on Long COVID-19: A Narrative Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122057. [PMID: 36556422 PMCID: PMC9785763 DOI: 10.3390/life12122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have saved millions of lives and played an important role in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is also associated with reduced disease severity and, perhaps, with COVID-19 symptom burden. In this narrative review, we present, in a clinically relevant question-and-answer manner, the evidence regarding the association between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and long COVID-19. We discuss how the mechanism of action of vaccines could interplay with the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 condition. Furthermore, we describe how specific factors, such as the number of vaccine doses and the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants, may affect post-COVID-19 condition. We also discuss the role of timing for vaccination in relation to the onset of long COVID-19 symptoms, as it seems to affect the frequency and severity of the condition. Additionally, we describe the potential modifying effect of age, as well as the association of type and level of immune response with long COVID-19. We also describe how system-specific long COVID-19 sequelae, namely neurocognitive-psychologic symptoms and cardiovascular pathology, could be altered by vaccination. Last, we address the question of whether seasonal influenza vaccination has a meaningful impact on the frequency of long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G. Tofarides
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Christaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.K.N.)
| | - Haralampos Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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27
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Xu R, Wang W, Zhang W. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves, should Omicron subvariant BA.2 be subjected to quarantine, or should we learn to live with it? Front Public Health 2022; 10:1039123. [PMID: 36504951 PMCID: PMC9730036 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1039123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been nearly 35 months since the COVID-19 outbreak. The pathogen SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into several variants. Among them, Omicron is the fifth variant of concern which have rapidly spread globally during the past 8 months. Omicron variant shows different characteristics from previous variants, which is highly infectious, highly transmissible, minimally pathogenic, vaccine and antibody tolerant; however, it is less likely to cause severe illness, resulting in fewer deaths. Omicron has evolved into five main lineages, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. Before BA.5, Omicron BA.2 sublineage was the dominant strain all over the world for several months. The experience of prevention and treatment against BA.2 is worth studying and learning for overcoming other Omicron subvariants. Although the Omicron subvariant BA.2 is significantly less severe than that caused by ancestral strains, it is still far more dangerous than influenza, and its long-term sequelae are unknown. Effective treatments are currently limited; therefore, effective defense may be the key to controlling the epidemic today, rather than just "living with" the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Xu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Nephrology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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28
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Bai N, Lin R, Wang Z, Cai S, Huang J, Su Z, Yao Y, Wen F, Li H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Xia T, Lei M, Yang W, Qiu Z. Exploring New Characteristics: Using Deep Learning and 3D Reconstruction to Compare the Original COVID-19 and Its Delta Variant Based on Chest CT. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:836862. [PMID: 35359591 PMCID: PMC8961806 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.836862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Computer-aided diagnostic methods were used to compare the characteristics of the Original COVID-19 and its Delta Variant. Methods: This was a retrospective study. A deep learning segmentation model was applied to segment lungs and infections in CT. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was used to create 3D models of the patient’s lungs and infections. A stereoscopic segmentation method was proposed, which can subdivide the 3D lung into five lobes and 18 segments. An expert-based CT scoring system was improved and artificial intelligence was used to automatically score instead of visual score. Non-linear regression and quantitative analysis were used to analyze the dynamic changes in the percentages of infection (POI). Results: The POI in the five lung lobes of all patients were calculated and converted into CT scores. The CT scores of Original COVID-19 patients and Delta Variant patients since the onset of initial symptoms were fitted over time, respectively. The peak was found to occur on day 11 in Original COVID-19 patients and on day 15 in Delta Variant patients. The time course of lung changes in CT of Delta Variant patients was redetermined as early stage (0–3 days), progressive and peak stage (4–16 days), and absorption stage (17–42 days). The first RT-PCR negative time in Original COVID-19 patients appeared earlier than in Delta Variant patients (22 [17–30] vs. 39 [31–44], p < 0.001). Delta Variant patients had more re-detectable positive RT-PCR test results than Original COVID-19 patients after the first negative RT-PCR time (30.5% vs. 17.1%). In the early stage, CT scores in the right lower lobe were significantly different (Delta Variant vs. Original COVID-19, 0.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.6, p = 0.039). In the absorption stage, CT scores of the right middle lobes were significantly different (Delta Variant vs. Original COVID-19, 0.6 ± 0.7 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4, p = 0.012). The left and the right lower lobes contributed most to lung involvement at any given time. Conclusion: Compared with the Original COVID-19, the Delta Variant has a longer lung change duration, more re-detectable positive RT-PCR test results, different locations of pneumonia, and more lesions in the early stage, and the peak of infection occurred later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Bai
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruikai Lin
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- China United Network Communications Corporation Heilongjiang Branch, Harbin, China
| | - Shengyan Cai
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- Zhangjiajie Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Zhongrui Su
- Zhangjiajie Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Yuanzhen Yao
- Zhangjiajie Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Medical College of Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Heilongjiang Tuomeng Technology Co. Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Heilongjiang Tuomeng Technology Co. Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xia
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingsheng Lei
- Zhangjiajie Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Zhangjiajie, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Lei, ; Weizhen Yang, ; Zhaowen Qiu,
| | - Weizhen Yang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Lei, ; Weizhen Yang, ; Zhaowen Qiu,
| | - Zhaowen Qiu
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Lei, ; Weizhen Yang, ; Zhaowen Qiu,
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Abstract
Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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30
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Cheng X, Wan H, Yuan H, Zhou L, Xiao C, Mao S, Li Z, Hu F, Yang C, Zhu W, Zhou J, Zhang T. Symptom Clustering Patterns and Population Characteristics of COVID-19 Based on Text Clustering Method. Front Public Health 2022; 10:795734. [PMID: 35186839 PMCID: PMC8854172 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.795734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Descriptions of single clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been widely reported. However, evidence of symptoms associations was still limited. We sought to explore the potential symptom clustering patterns and high-frequency symptom combinations of COVID-19 to enhance the understanding of people of this disease. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 1,067 COVID-19 cases were enrolled. Symptom clustering patterns were first explored by a text clustering method. Then, a multinomial logistic regression was applied to reveal the population characteristics of different symptom groups. In addition, time intervals between symptoms onset and the first visit were analyzed to consider the effect of time interval extension on the progression of symptoms. Results Based on text clustering, the symptoms were summarized into four groups. Group 1: no-obvious symptoms; Group 2: mainly fever and/or dry cough; Group 3: mainly upper respiratory tract infection symptoms; Group 4: mainly cardiopulmonary, systemic, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. Apart from Group 1 with no obvious symptoms, the most frequent symptom combinations were fever only (64 cases, 47.8%), followed by dry cough only (42 cases, 31.3%) in Group 2; expectoration only (21 cases, 19.8%), followed by expectoration complicated with fever (10 cases, 9.4%) in Group 3; fatigue complicated with fever (12 cases, 4.2%), followed by headache complicated with fever was also high (11 cases, 3.8%) in Group 4. People aged 45–64 years were more likely to have symptoms of Group 4 than those aged 65 years or older (odds ratio [OR] = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.21–5.85) and at the same time had longer time intervals. Conclusions Symptoms of COVID-19 could be divided into four clustering groups with different symptom combinations. The Group 4 symptoms (i.e., mainly cardiopulmonary, systemic, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms) happened more frequently in COVID-19 than in influenza. This distinction could help deepen the understanding of this disease. The middle-aged people have a longer time interval for medical visit and was a group that deserve more attention, from the perspective of medical delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Cheng
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Wan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongkun Xiao
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Suling Mao
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhirui Li
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengmiao Hu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Anyue County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ziyang, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiushun Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiushun Zhou
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tao Zhang
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31
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Yang Z, Lin D, Chen X, Qiu J, Li S, Huang R, Yang Z, Sun H, Liao Y, Xiao J, Tang Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Dai Z. Distinguishing COVID-19 From Influenza Pneumonia in the Early Stage Through CT Imaging and Clinical Features. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847836. [PMID: 35602019 PMCID: PMC9120763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza pneumonia are highly contagious and present with similar symptoms. We aimed to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical features between COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia in the early stage and to identify the most valuable features in the differential diagnosis. METHODS Seventy-three patients with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 48 patients with influenza pneumonia confirmed by direct/indirect immunofluorescence antibody staining or RT-PCR were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data including course of disease, age, sex, body temperature, clinical symptoms, total white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, neutrophil ratio, and C-reactive protein, as well as 22 qualitative and 25 numerical imaging features from non-contrast-enhanced chest CT images were obtained and compared between the COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia groups. Correlation tests between feature metrics and diagnosis outcomes were assessed. The diagnostic performance of each feature in differentiating COVID-19 from influenza pneumonia was also evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-three COVID-19 patients including 41 male and 32 female with mean age of 41.9 ± 14.1 and 48 influenza pneumonia patients including 30 male and 18 female with mean age of 40.4 ± 27.3 were reviewed. Temperature, WBC count, crazy paving pattern, pure GGO in peripheral area, pure GGO, lesion sizes (1-3 cm), emphysema, and pleural traction were significantly independent associated with COVID-19. The AUC of clinical-based model on the combination of temperature and WBC count is 0.880 (95% CI: 0.819-0.940). The AUC of radiological-based model on the combination of crazy paving pattern, pure GGO in peripheral area, pure GGO, lesion sizes (1-3 cm), emphysema, and pleural traction is 0.957 (95% CI: 0.924-0.989). The AUC of combined model based on the combination of clinical and radiological is 0.991 (95% CI: 0.980-0.999). CONCLUSION COVID-19 can be distinguished from influenza pneumonia based on CT imaging and clinical features, with the highest AUC of 0.991, of which crazy-paving pattern and WBC count play most important role in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Daiying Lin
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinming Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Department of Radiology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Ruibin Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yongzhou People’s Hospital, Yongzhou, China
| | - Hongfu Sun
- The University of Queensland School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jianning Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiangguang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangguang Chen,
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Sheng Zhang,
| | - Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
- Zhuozhi Dai,
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Harrison AG, Wang B, Torrance B, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang L, Haynes L, Cheng G, Vella AT, Fikrig E, Wang P. An Essential Role of UBXN3B in B Lymphopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34462748 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.04.433919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is finely regulated to enable timely production of the right numbers and types of mature immune cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated hematopoiesis may compromise antiviral immunity and/or exacerbate immunopathogenesis. Herein, we report an essential role of UBXN3B in maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and restriction of immunopathogenesis during respiratory viral infection. Ubxn3b deficient ( Ubxn3b -/- ) mice are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A infection, characterized by more severe lung immunopathology, lower virus-specific IgG, significantly fewer B cells, but more myeloid cells than Ubxn3b +/+ littermates. This aberrant immune compartmentalization is recapitulated in uninfected Ubxn3b -/- mice. Mechanistically, UBXN3B controls precursor B-I (pre-BI) transition to pre-BII and subsequent proliferation in a cell-intrinsic manner, by maintaining BLNK protein stability and pre-BCR signaling. These results reveal an essential role of UBXN3B for the early stage of B cell development.
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