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Thomas RA, Sirois J, Li S, Gestin A, Deyab G, Piscopo VE, Lépine P, Mathur M, Chen CXQ, Soubannier V, Goldsmith TM, Fawaz L, Durcan TM, Fon EA. CelltypeR: A flow cytometry pipeline to characterize single cells from brain organoids. iScience 2024; 27:110613. [PMID: 39224516 PMCID: PMC11367488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues, particularly in brain and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain models, we developed a complete workflow to reproducibly characterize cell types in complex tissues. Our approach combines a flow cytometry (FC) antibody panel with our computational pipeline CelltypeR, enabling dataset aligning, unsupervised clustering optimization, cell type annotating, and statistical comparisons. Applied to human iPSC derived midbrain organoids, it successfully identified the major brain cell types. We performed fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CelltypeR-defined astrocytes, radial glia, and neurons, exploring transcriptional states by single-cell RNA sequencing. Among the sorted neurons, we identified subgroups of dopamine neurons: one reminiscent of substantia nigra cells most vulnerable in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we used our workflow to track cell types across a time course of organoid differentiation. Overall, our adaptable analysis framework provides a generalizable method for reproducibly identifying cell types across FC datasets in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhalena A. Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julien Sirois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Shuming Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gestin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ghislaine Deyab
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valerio E.C. Piscopo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paula Lépine
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Meghna Mathur
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carol X.-Q. Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Vincent Soubannier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Taylor M. Goldsmith
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lama Fawaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A. Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Akiyoshi R, Hase T, Sathiyananthavel M, Ghosh S, Kitano H, Yachie A. Noninvasive, label-free image approaches to predict multimodal molecular markers in pluripotency assessment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15760. [PMID: 38977828 PMCID: PMC11231322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing regenerative medicine requires continuous monitoring of pluripotent cell culture and quality assessment while eliminating cell destruction and contaminants. In this study, we employed a novel method to monitor the pluripotency of stem cells through image analysis, avoiding the traditionally used invasive procedures. This approach employs machine learning algorithms to analyze stem cell images to predict the expression of pluripotency markers, such as OCT4 and NANOG, without physically interacting with or harming cells. We cultured induced pluripotent stem cells under various conditions to induce different pluripotent states and imaged the cells using bright-field microscopy. Pluripotency states of induced pluripotent stem cells were assessed using invasive methods, including qPCR, immunostaining, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing. Unsupervised and semi-supervised learning models were applied to evaluate the results and accurately predict the pluripotency of the cells using only image analysis. Our approach directly links images to invasive assessment results, making the analysis of cell labeling and annotation of cells in images by experts dispensable. This core achievement not only contributes for safer and more reliable stem cell research but also opens new avenues for real-time monitoring and quality control in regenerative medicine manufacturing. Our research fills an important gap in the field by providing a viable, noninvasive alternative to traditional invasive methods for assessing pluripotency. This innovation is expected to make a significant contribution to improving regenerative medicine manufacturing because it will enable a more detailed and feasible understanding of cellular status during the manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Akiyoshi
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 2-9-32 Nakacho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hase
- The Systems Biology Institute, Saisei Ikedayama Bldg., 5-10-25, Higashi Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
- SBX BioSciences, Inc, 1111 West Georgia Street, 20th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V6E 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayuri Sathiyananthavel
- The Systems Biology Institute, Saisei Ikedayama Bldg., 5-10-25, Higashi Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
- SBX BioSciences, Inc, 1111 West Georgia Street, 20th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V6E 4G2, Canada
| | - Samik Ghosh
- The Systems Biology Institute, Saisei Ikedayama Bldg., 5-10-25, Higashi Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Saisei Ikedayama Bldg., 5-10-25, Higashi Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
| | - Ayako Yachie
- The Systems Biology Institute, Saisei Ikedayama Bldg., 5-10-25, Higashi Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan.
- SBX BioSciences, Inc, 1111 West Georgia Street, 20th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V6E 4G2, Canada.
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Inagaki M. Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Utilizing Messenger RNA for Regenerative Medicine. J Dev Biol 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38535481 PMCID: PMC10971469 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated interest in the medicinal applications of messenger RNA (mRNA). It is expected that mRNA will be applied, not only to vaccines, but also to regenerative medicine. The purity of mRNA is important for its medicinal applications. However, the current mRNA synthesis techniques exhibit problems, including the contamination of undesired 5'-uncapped mRNA and double-stranded RNA. Recently, our group developed a completely capped mRNA synthesis technology that contributes to the progress of mRNA research. The introduction of chemically modified nucleosides, such as N1-methylpseudouridine and 5-methylcytidine, has been reported by Karikó and Weissman, opening a path for the practical application of mRNA for vaccines and regenerative medicine. Yamanaka reported the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing four types of genes using a retrovirus vector. iPSCs are widely used for research on regenerative medicine and the preparation of disease models to screen new drug candidates. Among the Yamanaka factors, Klf4 and c-Myc are oncogenes, and there is a risk of tumor development if these are integrated into genomic DNA. Therefore, regenerative medicine using mRNA, which poses no risk of genome insertion, has attracted attention. In this review, the author summarizes techniques for synthesizing mRNA and its application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Inagaki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Damle EB, Morrison VE, Cioma J, Volic M, Bix GJ. Co-administration of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials with neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of central nervous system injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177040. [PMID: 37255752 PMCID: PMC10225608 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) present a particularly difficult challenge for modern medicine to address, given the complex nature of the tissues, obstacles in researching and implementing therapies, and barriers to translating efficacious treatments into human patients. Recent advancements in neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, endogenous neurogenesis, and in vivo reprogramming of non-neural cells into the neuronal lineage represent multiple approaches to resolving CNS injury. However, we propose that one practice that must be incorporated universally in neuroregeneration studies is the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials to supply the architectural support and cellular microenvironment necessary for partial or complete restoration of function. Through consideration of developmental processes including neurogenesis, cellular migration, and establishment of functional connectivity, as well as evaluation of process-specific interactions between cells and ECM components, insights can be gained to harness and modulate native and induced neurobiological processes to promote CNS tissue repair. Further, evaluation of the current landscape of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques external to the neurosciences provides key perspectives into the role of the ECM in the use of stem cell-based therapies, and the potential directions future neuroregenerative approaches may take. If the most successful of these approaches achieve wide-spread adoption, innovative paired NSC-ECM strategies for neuroregeneration may become prominent in the near future, and with the rapid advances these techniques are poised to herald, a new era of treatment for CNS injury may dawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan B. Damle
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivianne E. Morrison
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jozef Cioma
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Milla Volic
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Zheng X, Han D, Liu W, Wang X, Pan N, Wang Y, Chen Z. Human iPSC-derived midbrain organoids functionally integrate into striatum circuits and restore motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:2673-2692. [PMID: 37215566 PMCID: PMC10196819 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DA) at the substantia nigra pas compacta (SNpc). Cell therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment option for PD, with the aim of replenishing the lost DA neurons and restoring motor function. Fetal ventral mesencephalon tissues (fVM) and stem cell-derived DA precursors cultured in 2-dimentional (2-D) culture conditions have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in animal models and clinical trials. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived human midbrain organoids (hMOs) cultured in 3-dimentional (3-D) culture conditions have emerged as a novel source of graft that combines the strengths of fVM tissues and 2-D DA cells. Methods: 3-D hMOs were induced from three distinct hiPSC lines. hMOs at various stages of differentiation were transplanted as tissue pieces into the striatum of naïve immunodeficient mouse brains, with the aim of identifying the most suitable stage of hMOs for cellular therapy. The hMOs at Day 15 were determined to be the most appropriate stage and were transplanted into a PD mouse model to assess cell survival, differentiation, and axonal innervation in vivo. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate functional restoration following hMO treatment and to compare the therapeutic effects between 2-D and 3-D cultures. Rabies virus were introduced to identify the host presynaptic input onto the transplanted cells. Results: hMOs showed a relatively homogeneous cell composition, mostly consisting of dopaminergic cells of midbrain lineage. Analysis conducted 12 weeks post-transplantation of day 15 hMOs revealed that 14.11% of the engrafted cells expressed TH+ and over 90% of these cells were co-labeled with GIRK2+, indicating the survival and maturation of A9 mDA neurons in the striatum of PD mice. Transplantation of hMOs led to a reversal of motor function and establishment of bidirectional connections with natural brain target regions, without any incidence of tumor formation or graft overgrowth. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential of hMOs as safe and efficacious donor graft sources for cell therapy to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Deqiang Han
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Na Pan
- The Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- The Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
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Miwata T, Suga H, Kawaguchi Y, Sakakibara M, Kano M, Taga S, Soen M, Ozaki H, Asano T, Sasaki H, Miyata T, Yasuda Y, Kobayashi T, Sugiyama M, Onoue T, Takagi H, Hagiwara D, Iwama S, Arima H. Generation of hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:869-883. [PMID: 36963388 PMCID: PMC10147555 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
When damaged, restoring the function of the hypothalamus is currently impossible. It is unclear whether neural stem cells exist in the hypothalamus. Studies have reported that adult rodent tanycytes around the third ventricle function as hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells. However, it is currently impossible to collect periventricular cells from humans. We attempted to generate hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We focused on retina and anterior neural fold homeobox (RAX) because its expression is gradually restricted to tanycytes during the late embryonic stage. We differentiated RAX::VENUS knockin human ESCs (hESCs) into hypothalamic organoids and sorted RAX+ cells from mature organoids. The isolated RAX+ cells formed neurospheres and exhibited self-renewal and multipotency. Neurogenesis was observed when neurospheres were transplanted into the mouse hypothalamus. We isolated RAX+ hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from wild-type human ES organoids. This is the first study to differentiate human hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Miwata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayu Sakakibara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kano
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Taga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Mika Soen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hajime Ozaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroo Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yasuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Onoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Wolfmeier H, Heindl S, Platzl C, Kaser-Eichberger A, Nematian-Ardestani E, Strohmaier C, Pruszak J, Schroedl F. Targeted surface marker screening on neuronal structures in the human choroid. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109368. [PMID: 36586549 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While choroidal neuronal control is known to be essential for retinal and ocular health, its mechanisms are not understood. Especially, the local choroidal innervation mediated by intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN) remains enigmatic. Neuronal functionality depends on the synaptic neurotransmitters and neuroregulatory peptides involved as well as from membrane components presented on the cell surface. Since the neuronal surface molecular expression patterns in the choroid are currently unknown, we sought to determine the presence of various cluster-of-differentiation (CD) antigens in choroidal neuronal structures with a particular focus on ICN. Human choroids were prepared for immunohistochemistry and the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 was combined with CD15, CD24, CD29, CD34, CD46, CD49b, CD49e, CD56, CD58, CD59, CD71, CD81, CD90, CD146, CD147, CD151, CD165, CD171, CD184, CD200, CD271 and fluorescence- and confocal laser scanning-microscopy was used for documentation. The following antigens were found to be co-localized in PGP.9.5+ nerve fibers and ICN perikarya: CD29, CD34, CD56, CD81, CD90, CD146, CD147, CD151, CD171, CD200 and CD271, while all other CD markers where not detectable. Whereas CD24- and CD59- immunoreactivity was clearly absent in ICN perikarya, some neural processes of the choroidal stroma displayed CD24 and CD59 immunopositivity. While a multitude of the aforementioned CD-markers were indeed detected in nervous structures of the choroid, the CD24+ and CD59+ nerve fibers most likely have extrinsic origin from cranial ganglia since ICN cell bodies were found to lack both markers. These findings illustrate how the detailed analysis of CD molecules described here opens novel avenues for future functional studies on choroidal innervation and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolfmeier
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Heindl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Platzl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Nematian-Ardestani
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Strohmaier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - J Pruszak
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Barak M, Fedorova V, Pospisilova V, Raska J, Vochyanova S, Sedmik J, Hribkova H, Klimova H, Vanova T, Bohaciakova D. Human iPSC-Derived Neural Models for Studying Alzheimer's Disease: from Neural Stem Cells to Cerebral Organoids. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:792-820. [PMID: 35107767 PMCID: PMC8930932 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used to study mechanisms of human neural development, disease modeling, and drug discovery in vitro. Especially in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where this treatment is lacking, tremendous effort has been put into the investigation of molecular mechanisms behind this disease using induced pluripotent stem cell-based models. Numerous of these studies have found either novel regulatory mechanisms that could be exploited to develop relevant drugs for AD treatment or have already tested small molecules on in vitro cultures, directly demonstrating their effect on amelioration of AD-associated pathology. This review thus summarizes currently used differentiation strategies of induced pluripotent stem cells towards neuronal and glial cell types and cerebral organoids and their utilization in modeling AD and potential drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Vochyanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Klimova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Neural is Fundamental: Neural Stemness as the Ground State of Cell Tumorigenicity and Differentiation Potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:37-55. [PMID: 34714532 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenic cells are similar to neural stem cells or embryonic neural cells in regulatory networks, tumorigenicity and pluripotent differentiation potential. By integrating the evidence from developmental biology, tumor biology and evolution, I will make a detailed discussion on the observations and propose that neural stemness underlies two coupled cell properties, tumorigenicity and pluripotent differentiation potential. Neural stemness property of tumorigenic cells can hopefully integrate different observations/concepts underlying tumorigenesis. Neural stem cells and tumorigenic cells share regulatory networks; both exhibit neural stemness, tumorigenicity and pluripotent differentiation potential; both depend on expression or activation of ancestral genes; both rely primarily on aerobic glycolytic metabolism; both can differentiate into various cells/tissues that are derived from three germ layers, leading to tumor formation resembling severely disorganized or more degenerated process of embryonic tissue differentiation; both are enriched in long genes with more splice variants that provide more plastic scaffolds for cell differentiation, etc. Neural regulatory networks, which include higher levels of basic machineries of cell physiological functions and developmental programs, work concertedly to define a basic state with fast cell cycle and proliferation. This is predestined by the evolutionary advantage of neural state, the ground or initial state for multicellularity with adaptation to an ancient environment. Tumorigenesis might represent a process of restoration of neural ground state, thereby restoring a state with fast proliferation and pluripotent differentiation potential in somatic cells. Tumorigenesis and pluripotent differentiation potential might be better understood from understanding neural stemness, and cancer therapy should benefit more from targeting neural stemness.
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Sart S, Liu C, Zeng EZ, Xu C, Li Y. Downstream bioprocessing of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived therapeutics. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:667-680. [PMID: 36348655 PMCID: PMC9635003 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement in lineage‐specific differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), downstream cell separation has now become a critical step to produce hPSC‐derived products. Since differentiation procedures usually result in a heterogeneous cell population, cell separation needs to be performed either to enrich the desired cell population or remove the undesired cell population. This article summarizes recent advances in separation processes for hPSC‐derived cells, including the standard separation technologies, such as magnetic‐activated cell sorting, as well as the novel separation strategies, such as those based on adhesion strength and metabolic flux. Specifically, the downstream bioprocessing flow and the identification of surface markers for various cell lineages are discussed. While challenges remain for large‐scale downstream bioprocessing of hPSC‐derived cells, the rational quality‐by‐design approach should be implemented to enhance the understanding of the relationship between process and the product and to ensure the safety of the produced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Sart
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering Department of Genome and Genetics Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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11
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Stem cells characterization: OMICS reinforcing analytics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:175-181. [PMID: 34425321 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells hold outstanding potential to model and treat disease and are valuable tools in pharmacology and toxicology. Characterization of stem cells and derivatives still poses many challenges to ensure safe, efficacious, and reliable therapies. Regulatory agencies have defined key mandatory attributes related to identity, purity, sterility, and genomic integrity, however robust analytics to determine cell's potency are still a major challenge, in most cases assessed case-by-case. Importantly, the application of high-throughput 'omic tools is opening new perspectives on stem cell's research and development. Here, analytical methodologies currently employed to characterize stem cells' quality attributes are discussed, with special focus on 'omics as relevant tools for definition of cell's mechanism of action, and for potency assay development and assessment.
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Aghlmandi A, Nikshad A, Safaralizadeh R, Warkiani ME, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Microfluidics as efficient technology for the isolation and characterization of stem cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:426-443. [PMID: 33746671 PMCID: PMC7975637 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent years have been passed with significant progressions in the utilization of microfluidic technologies for cellular investigations. The aim of microfluidics is to mimic small-scale body environment with features like optical transparency. Microfluidics can screen and monitor different cell types during culture and study cell function in response to stimuli in a fully controlled environment. No matter how the microfluidic environment is similar to in vivo environment, it is not possible to fully investigate stem cells behavior in response to stimuli during cell proliferation and differentiation. Researchers have used stem cells in different fields from fundamental researches to clinical applications. Many cells in the body possess particular functions, but stem cells do not have a specific task and can turn into almost any type of cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability of changing into specific cells that can be essential for the body. Researchers and physicians are interested in stem cells to use them in testing the function of the body's systems and solving their complications. This review discusses the recent advances in utilizing microfluidic techniques for the analysis of stem cells, and mentions the advantages and disadvantages of using microfluidic technology for stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Aghlmandi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aylin Nikshad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Meyfour A, Pahlavan S, Mirzaei M, Krijgsveld J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. The quest of cell surface markers for stem cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:469-495. [PMID: 32710154 PMCID: PMC11073434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their derivatives are novel pharmaceutics that have the potential for use as tissue replacement therapies. However, the heterogeneous characteristics of stem cell cultures have hindered their biomedical applications. In theory and practice, when cell type-specific or stage-specific cell surface proteins are targeted by unique antibodies, they become highly efficient in detecting and isolating specific cell populations. There is a growing demand to identify reliable and actionable cell surface markers that facilitate purification of particular cell types at specific developmental stages for use in research and clinical applications. The identification of these markers as very important members of plasma membrane proteins, ion channels, transporters, and signaling molecules has directly benefited from proteomics and tools for proteomics-derived data analyses. Here, we review the methodologies that have played a role in the discovery of cell surface markers and introduce cutting edge single cell proteomics as an advanced tool. We also discuss currently available specific cell surface markers for stem cells and their lineages, with emphasis on the nervous system, heart, pancreas, and liver. The remaining gaps that pertain to the discovery of these markers and how single cell proteomics and identification of surface markers associated with the progenitor stages of certain terminally differentiated cells may pave the way for their use in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem St, P.O. Box: 16635-148, 1665659911, Tehran, Iran.
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MicroRNA-128 Confers Anti-Endothelial Adhesion and Anti-Migration Properties to Counteract Highly Metastatic Cervical Cancer Cells' Migration in a Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010215. [PMID: 33379338 PMCID: PMC7796002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the distant metastasis of cervical cancer cells being a prominent cause of mortality, neither the metastasis capacity nor the in vitro conditions mimicking adhesion of cervical cancer cells to endothelial cells have been fully elucidated. Circulating metastatic cancer cells undergo transendothelial migration and invade normal organs in distant metastasis; however, the putative molecular mechanism remains largely uncertain. In this study, we describe the use of an in vitro parallel-plate flow chamber to simulate the dynamic circulation stress on cervical cancer cells and elucidate their vascular adhesion and metastasis. We isolate the viable and shear stress-resistant (SSR) cervical cancer cells for mechanistic studies. Remarkably, the identified SSR-HeLa and SSR-CaSki exhibited high in vitro adhesive and metastatic activities. Hence, a consistently suppressed miR-128 level was revealed in SSR cell clones compared to those of parental wild-type (WT) cells. Overexpressed miR-128 attenuated SSR-HeLa cells’ adherence to human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); in contrast, suppressed miR-128 efficiently augmented the static adhesion capacity in WT-HeLa and WT-CaSki cells. Hence, amplified miR-128 modestly abolished in vitro SSR-augmented HeLa and CaSki cell movement, whereas reduced miR-128 aggravated the migration speed in a time-lapse recording assay in WT groups. Consistently, the force expression of miR-128 alleviated the SSR-enhanced HeLa and CaSki cell mobility in a wound healing assay. Notably, miR-128 mediated SSR-enhanced HeLa and CaSki cells’ adhesion and metastasis through suppressed ITGA5, ITGB5, sLex, CEACAM-6, MMP9, and MMP23 transcript levels. Our data provide evidence suggesting that miR-128 is a promising microRNA that prevented endothelial cells’ adhesion and transendothelial migration to contribute to the SSR-enhanced adhesion and metastasis progression under a parallel-plate flow chamber system. This indicates that the nucleoid-based miR-128 strategy may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells resistant to circulation shear flow, prevent vascular adhesion, and preclude subsequent transendothelial metastasis.
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Vibrational Spectroscopy for In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235554. [PMID: 33256146 PMCID: PMC7729886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.
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Recovery of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Neural Progenitors Exposed to Hypoxic-Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury by Indirect Exposure to Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-Kinase Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1167-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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18
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Heck AM, Russo J, Wilusz J, Nishimura EO, Wilusz CJ. YTHDF2 destabilizes m 6A-modified neural-specific RNAs to restrain differentiation in induced pluripotent stem cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:739-755. [PMID: 32169943 PMCID: PMC7266156 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073502.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant post-transcriptional modification that can impact RNA fate via interactions with m6A-specific RNA binding proteins. Despite accumulating evidence that m6A plays an important role in modulating pluripotency, the influence of m6A reader proteins in pluripotency is less clear. Here, we report that YTHDF2, an m6A reader associated with mRNA degradation, is highly expressed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and down-regulated during neural differentiation. Through RNA sequencing, we identified a group of m6A-modified transcripts associated with neural development that are directly regulated by YTDHF2. Depletion of YTHDF2 in iPSCs leads to stabilization of these transcripts, loss of pluripotency, and induction of neural-specific gene expression. Collectively, our results suggest YTHDF2 functions to restrain expression of neural-specific mRNAs in iPSCs and facilitate their rapid and coordinated up-regulation during neural induction. These effects are both achieved by destabilization of the targeted transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Heck
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology
| | - Joseph Russo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology
| | - Erin Osborne Nishimura
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Carol J Wilusz
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology
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Bien T, Perl M, Machmüller AC, Nitsche U, Conrad A, Johannes L, Müthing J, Soltwisch J, Janssen KP, Dreisewerd K. MALDI-2 Mass Spectrometry and Immunohistochemistry Imaging of Gb3Cer, Gb4Cer, and Further Glycosphingolipids in Human Colorectal Cancer Tissue. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7096-7105. [PMID: 32314902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The main cellular receptors of Shiga toxins (Stxs), the neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer/CD77) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer), are significantly upregulated in about half of the human colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and in other cancers. Therefore, conjugates exploiting the Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer-binding B subunit of Stx (StxB) have attracted great interest for both diagnostic and adjuvant therapeutic interventions. Moreover, fucosylated GSLs were recognized as potential tumor-associated targets. One obstacle to a broader use of these receptor/ligand systems is that the contribution of specific GSLs to tumorigenesis, in particular, in the context of an altered lipid metabolism, is only poorly understood. A second is that also nondiseased organs (e.g., kidney) and blood vessels can express high levels of certain GSLs, not least Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer. Here, we used, in a proof-of-concept study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging combined with laser-induced postionization (MALDI-2-MSI) to simultaneously visualize the distribution of several Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer lipoforms and those of related GSLs (e.g., Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer precursors and fucosylated GSLs) in tissue biopsies from three CRC patients. Using MALDI-2 and StxB-based immunofluorescence microscopy, Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer were mainly found in dedifferentiated tumor cell areas, tumor stroma, and tumor-infiltrating blood vessels. Notably, fucosylated GSL such as Fuc-(n)Lc4Cer generally showed a highly localized expression in dysplastic glands and indian file-like cells infiltrating adipose tissue. Our "molecular histology" approach could support stratifying patients for intratumoral GSL expression to identify an optimal therapeutic strategy. The improved chemical coverage by MALDI-2 can also help to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of tumor development and GSL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bien
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Perl
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Andrea C Machmüller
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Anja Conrad
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Soltwisch
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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De Gioia R, Biella F, Citterio G, Rizzo F, Abati E, Nizzardo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3103. [PMID: 32354178 PMCID: PMC7247151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach and appears to exert a beneficial effect against neurodegeneration via different mechanisms, such as the production of neurotrophic factors, decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced neuronal plasticity and cell replacement. Thus, NSC transplantation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. To exploit NSCs' potential, some of their essential biological characteristics must be thoroughly investigated, including the specific markers for NSC subpopulations, to allow profiling and selection. Another key feature is their secretome, which is responsible for the regulation of intercellular communication, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. In addition, NSCs must properly migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and integrate into host neuronal circuits, enhancing neuroplasticity. Understanding and modulating these aspects can allow us to further exploit the therapeutic potential of NSCs. Recent progress in gene editing and cellular engineering techniques has opened up the possibility of modifying NSCs to express select candidate molecules to further enhance their therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding these aspects, promoting the development of stem cell therapies that could be applied safely and effectively in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Gioia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Citterio
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Barisic D, Erb M, Follo M, Al-Mudaris D, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Lack of a skeletal muscle phenotype in adult human bone marrow stromal cells following xenogeneic-free expansion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32087752 PMCID: PMC7036219 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have elegantly shown that murine and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration and improve muscle function. Yet, the ability of transplanted human bmMSCs to manifest myogenic potential shows conflicting results. While human adipose- and umbilical cord-derived MSCs can be differentiated into a skeletal muscle phenotype using horse serum (HS), bmMSCs have only been shown to differentiate towards the skeletal muscle lineage using a complex mixture of cytokines followed by transfection with notch intracellular domain. Methods Since xenogeneic-free growth supplements are increasingly being used in the expansion of bmMSCs in clinical trials, we investigated the effects of human plasma and platelet lysate (P/PL) on the expression of neuromuscular markers and whether P/PL-expanded human bmMSCs could be differentiated towards a skeletal myogenic phenotype. Neuromuscular markers were measured using the highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for measuring the expression of Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, ACTA1, Desmin, GAP-43, and Coronin 1b transcripts, by performing immunofluorescence for the expression of Desmin, GAP-43, and MEF2, and flow cytometry for the expression of CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Results Despite that bmMSCs expressed the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MEF2 after expansion in P/PL, bmMSCs cultured under such conditions did not express other essential MRFs including Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, or ACTA1 needed for myogenesis. Moreover, HS did not induce myogenesis of bmMSCs and hence did not induce the expression of any of these myogenic markers. P/PL, however, did lead to a significant increase in neurogenic GAP-43, as well as Desmin expression, and resulted in a high baseline expression of the neurogenic gene Coronin 1b which was sustained under further P/PL or HS culture conditions. Fetal bovine serum resulted in equally high levels of GAP-43 and Coronin 1b. Moreover, the proportion of CD56/NCAM-positive bmMSCs cultured in P/PL was 5.9 ± 2.1. Conclusions These data suggest that P/PL may prime a small portion of bmMSCs towards an early neural precursor cell type. Collectively, this shows that P/PL partially primes the cells towards a neurogenic phenotype, but does not prime adult human bmMSCs towards the skeletal muscle lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Barisic
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Erb
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dahlia Al-Mudaris
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Goodwin J, Laslett AL, Rugg-Gunn PJ. The application of cell surface markers to demarcate distinct human pluripotent states. Exp Cell Res 2020; 387:111749. [PMID: 31790696 PMCID: PMC6983944 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research have uncovered different subpopulations within stem cell cultures and have captured a range of pluripotent states that hold distinct molecular and functional properties. At the two ends of the pluripotency spectrum are naïve and primed hPSC, whereby naïve hPSC grown in stringent conditions recapitulate features of the preimplantation human embryo, and the conventionally grown primed hPSC align closer to the early postimplantation embryo. Investigating these cell types will help to define the mechanisms that control early development and should provide new insights into stem cell properties such as cell identity, differentiation and reprogramming. Monitoring cell surface marker expression provides a valuable approach to resolve complex cell populations, to directly compare between cell types, and to isolate viable cells for functional experiments. This review discusses the discovery and applications of cell surface markers to study human pluripotent cell types with a particular focus on the transitions between naïve and primed states. Highlighted areas for future study include the potential functions for the identified cell surface proteins in pluripotency, the production of new high-quality monoclonal antibodies to naïve-specific protein epitopes and the use of cell surface markers to characterise subpopulations within pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Goodwin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Peter J Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Tomlinson JE, Golshadi M, Donahue CJ, Dong L, Cheetham J. Evaluation of two methods to isolate Schwann cells from murine sciatic nerve. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 331:108483. [PMID: 31756398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells (SC) and macrophages play key roles in the response to peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Accurate isolation of such cells is essential for further analyses that can lead to better understanding of the repair process after PNI. Separation of live SC from the injury site without culture enrichment is necessary for targeted gene expression analysis. NEW METHODS Two flow cytometric techniques are presented for rapid enrichment of live SC and macrophages from injured murine peripheral nerve without the need for culture. RESULTS SC were isolated by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) using transgenic expression of eGFP in SC, or by exclusion of other cell types collected from the injury site. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Gene expression analyses of peripheral nerve repair have commonly used whole nerve lysates. Isolating SC allows more accurate understanding of their specific role in repair. SC are commonly enriched from nerve by culture, however this changes gene expression patterns and limits the utility for transcriptomic analysis. The surface marker p75-NTR has variable expression in different SC phenotypes and during the course of injury and repair. Using p75-NTR for SC isolation might enrich only a subset of SC. More stably expressed lineage markers for SC are intracellular and not suitable for sorting for gene expression. The methods used here avoid the requirement for surface marker labeling of SC. CONCLUSION Gene expression analysis of sorted cells from both methods showed successful enrichment of SC. Lineage markers such as Map1b, p75-NTR and S100b were enriched in the sorted SC population. SC sorting by eGFP expression showed improved enrichment, particularly of mature myelinating genes, although this could represent sampling of a subset of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy E Tomlinson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Masoud Golshadi
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Christopher J Donahue
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Lynn Dong
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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Isolation of LMX1a Ventral Midbrain Progenitors Improves the Safety and Predictability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Transplants in Parkinsonian Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9521-9531. [PMID: 31641054 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1160-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising resource for the replacement of degenerated ventral midbrain dopaminergic (vmDA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. Despite recent advances in protocols for the in vitro generation of vmDA neurons, the asynchronous and heterogeneous nature of the differentiations results in transplants of surprisingly low vmDA neuron purity. As the field advances toward the clinic, it will be optimal, if not essential, to remove poorly specified and potentially proliferative cells from donor preparations to ensure safety and predictable efficacy. Here, we use two novel hPSC knock-in reporter lines expressing GFP under the LMX1A and PITX3 promoters, to selectively isolate vm progenitors and DA precursors, respectively. For each cell line, unsorted, GFP+, and GFP- cells were transplanted into male or female Parkinsonian rodents. Only rats receiving unsorted cells, LMX1A-eGFP+, or PITX3-eGFP- cell grafts showed improved motor function over 6 months. Postmortem analysis revealed small grafts from PITX3-eGFP+ cells, suggesting that these DA precursors were not compatible with cell survival and integration. In contrast, LMX1A-eGFP+ grafts were highly enriched for vmDA neurons, and importantly excluded expansive proliferative populations and serotonergic neurons. These LMX1A-eGFP+ progenitor grafts accelerated behavioral recovery and innervated developmentally appropriate forebrain targets, whereas LMX1A-eGFP- cell grafts failed to restore motor deficits, supported by increased fiber growth into nondopaminergic target nuclei. This is the first study to use an hPSC-derived reporter line to purify vm progenitors, resulting in improved safety, predictability of the graft composition, and enhanced motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Clinical trials have shown functional integration of transplanted fetal-derived dopamine progenitors in Parkinson's disease. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived midbrain progenitors are now being tested as an alternative cell source; however, despite current differentiation protocols generating >80% correctly specified cells for implantation, resultant grafts contain a small fraction of dopamine neurons. Cell-sorting approaches, to select for correctly patterned cells before implantation, are being explored yet have been suboptimal to date. This study provides the first evidence of using 2 hPSC reporter lines (LMX1A-GFP and PITX3-GFP) to isolate correctly specified cells for transplantation. We show LMX1A-GFP+, but not PITX3-GFP+, cell grafts are more predictable, with smaller grafts, enriched in dopamine neurons, showing appropriate integration and accelerated functional recovery in Parkinsonian rats.
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Saito Y, Yamanaka S, Fujimoto T, Tajiri S, Matsumoto N, Takamura T, Matsumoto K, Yokoo T. Mesangial cell regeneration from exogenous stromal progenitor by utilizing embryonic kidney. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:627-633. [PMID: 31623827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidney regenerative medicine is expected to be the solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation. In a previous report, we transplanted exogenous renal progenitor cells (RPCs) including nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), stromal progenitor cells (SPCs), and the ureteric bud (UB) into the nephrogenic zone of animal embryos and succeeded in regenerating new nephrons from exogenous NPCs through a fetal developmental program. However, it was unknown whether the renal stromal lineage cells were regenerated from SPCs. The present study aimed to verify the differentiation of SPCs into mesangial cells and renal stromal lineage cells. Here, we found that simply transplanting RPCs, including SPCs, into the nephrogenic zone of wild-type fetal mice was insufficient for differentiation of SPCs. Therefore, to enrich the purity of SPCs, we sorted cells from RPCs by targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) which is a cell surface marker for immature stromal cells and transplanted the PDGFRa-positive sorted cells. As a result, we succeeded in regenerating a large number of mesangial cells and other renal stromal lineage cells including interstitial fibroblasts, vascular pericytes, and juxtaglomerular cells. We have established the method for regeneration of stromal cells from exogenous SPCs that may contribute to various fields, such as regenerative medicine and kidney embryology, and the creation of disease models for renal stromal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatsumu Saito
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshinari Fujimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Susumu Tajiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takamura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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26
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Wang H, Zhou XM, Xu WD, Tao T, Liu GJ, Gao YY, Lu Y, Wu LY, Yu Z, Yuan B, Hang CH, Li W. Inhibition of Elevated Hippocampal CD24 Reduces Neurogenesis in Mice With Traumatic Brain Injury. J Surg Res 2019; 245:321-329. [PMID: 31421380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the adult rodents' brain, CD24 expression is restricted to immature neurons located in the neurogenesis areas. Our previous studies have confirmed that CD24 expression could be markedly elevated in the cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI) both in humans and in mice. Although there is a close relationship between CD24 and neurogenesis, it remains unknown about the specific role of CD24 in neurogenesis areas after TBI. Here, the expression of CD24 was detected in the ipsilateral hippocampus by the Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA interference was applied to investigate the effects of CD24 on post-traumatic neurogenesis. Brain sections were labeled with CD24 and doublecortin (DCX) via immunofluorescence. The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive functions. The results indicated that both mRNA and protein levels of CD24 were markedly elevated in the hippocampus after TBI. Meanwhile, TBI could cause a decrease of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Downregulation of CD24 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Meanwhile, inhibition of CD24 could reduce the number of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus area and impair cognitive functions of the TBI mice. These data suggested that hippocampal expression of CD24 might positively regulate neurogenesis and improve cognitive functions after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng Renjie Hospital, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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27
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Ylä‐Outinen L, Harju V, Joki T, Koivisto JT, Karvinen J, Kellomäki M, Narkilahti S. Screening of Hydrogels for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Neural Cells: Hyaluronan‐Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Collagen‐Based Interpenetrating Polymer Network Provides an Improved Hydrogel Scaffold. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900096. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ylä‐Outinen
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Venla Harju
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Tiina Joki
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Janne T. Koivisto
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Jennika Karvinen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
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28
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Bohaciakova D, Hruska-Plochan M, Tsunemoto R, Gifford WD, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Wu S, Marsala S, Navarro M, Tadokoro T, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Platoshyn O, Piper D, Sheckler V, Ditsworth D, Pfaff SL, Marsala M. A scalable solution for isolating human multipotent clinical-grade neural stem cells from ES precursors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30867054 PMCID: PMC6417180 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A well-characterized method has not yet been established to reproducibly, efficiently, and safely isolate large numbers of clinical-grade multipotent human neural stem cells (hNSCs) from embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Consequently, the transplantation of neurogenic/gliogenic precursors into the CNS for the purpose of cell replacement or neuroprotection in humans with injury or disease has not achieved widespread testing and implementation. Methods Here, we establish an approach for the in vitro isolation of a highly expandable population of hNSCs using the manual selection of neural precursors based on their colony morphology (CoMo-NSC). The purity and NSC properties of established and extensively expanded CoMo-NSC were validated by expression of NSC markers (flow cytometry, mRNA sequencing), lack of pluripotent markers and by their tumorigenic/differentiation profile after in vivo spinal grafting in three different animal models, including (i) immunodeficient rats, (ii) immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or (iii) spinally injured immunosuppressed minipigs. Results In vitro analysis of established CoMo-NSCs showed a consistent expression of NSC markers (Sox1, Sox2, Nestin, CD24) with lack of pluripotent markers (Nanog) and stable karyotype for more than 15 passages. Gene profiling and histology revealed that spinally grafted CoMo-NSCs differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes over a 2–6-month period in vivo without forming neoplastic derivatives or abnormal structures. Moreover, transplanted CoMo-NSCs formed neurons with synaptic contacts and glia in a variety of host environments including immunodeficient rats, immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or spinally injured minipigs, indicating these cells have favorable safety and differentiation characteristics. Conclusions These data demonstrate that manually selected CoMo-NSCs represent a safe and expandable NSC population which can effectively be used in prospective human clinical cell replacement trials for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, stroke, spinal traumatic, or spinal ischemic injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1163-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rachel Tsunemoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wesley D Gifford
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Navarro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Takahiro Tadokoro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Piper
- Primary and Stem Cell Systems, Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 501 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Vickie Sheckler
- Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dara Ditsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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29
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Kelly A, O'Malley A, Redha M, O'Keeffe GW, Barry DS. The distribution of the proteoglycan FORSE-1 in the developing mouse central nervous system. J Anat 2018; 234:216-226. [PMID: 30474148 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major post-translational modification in which a carbohydrate known as a glycan is enzymatically attached to target proteins which regulate protein folding and stability. Glycans are strongly expressed in the developing nervous system where they play multiple roles during development. The importance of these glycan epitopes in neural development is highlighted by a group of conditions known as congenital disorders of glycosylation which lead to psychomotor difficulties, mental retardation, lissencephaly, microencephaly and epilepsy. One of these glycan epitopes, known as Lewis X, is recognised by the FORSE-1 antibody and is regionally expressed in the developing nervous system. In this study, we report the regional and temporal expression patterns of FORSE-1 immunolabelling during the periods of neurogenesis, gliogenesis and axonogenesis in developing mouse nervous system. We demonstrate the localisation of FORSE-1 on subsets of neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, and in compartments corresponding to axon tract formation. These spatial, temporal and regional expression patterns are suggestive of roles in the determination of different cell lineages and in the patterning of white matter during development, and help provide insights into the neuroanatomical regions affected by congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kelly
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Malley
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Redha
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Denis S Barry
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Tajiri S, Yamanaka S, Fujimoto T, Matsumoto K, Taguchi A, Nishinakamura R, Okano HJ, Yokoo T. Regenerative potential of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients undergoing haemodialysis in kidney regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14919. [PMID: 30297790 PMCID: PMC6175865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney regeneration from pluripotent stem cells is receiving a lot of attention because limited treatments are currently available for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been shown that uremic state in CKD is toxic to somatic stem/progenitor cells, such as endothelial progenitor and mesenchymal stem cells, affecting their differentiation and angiogenic potential. Recent studies reported that specific abnormalities caused by the non-inherited disease are often retained in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived products obtained from patients. Thus, it is indispensable to first assess whether iPSCs derived from patients with CKD due to non-inherited disease (CKD-iPSCs) have the ability to generate kidneys. In this study, we generated iPSCs from patients undergoing haemodialysis due to diabetes nephropathy and glomerulonephritis (HD-iPSCs) as representatives of CKD-iPSCs or from healthy controls (HC-iPSCs). HD-iPSCs differentiated into nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) with similar efficiency to HC-iPSCs. Additionally, HD-iPSC-derived NPCs expressed comparable levels of NPC markers and differentiated into vascularised glomeruli upon transplantation into mice, as HC-iPSC-derived NPCs. Our results indicate the potential of HD-iPSCs as a feasible cell source for kidney regeneration. This is the first study paving the way for CKD patient-stem cell-derived kidney regeneration, emphasising the potential of CKD-iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tajiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshinari Fujimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Taguchi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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Miranda CC, Fernandes TG, Pinto SN, Prieto M, Diogo MM, Cabral JM. A scale out approach towards neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells for neurodevelopmental toxicity studies. Toxicol Lett 2018; 294:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fathi A, Mirzaei M, Dolatyar B, Sharifitabar M, Bayat M, Shahbazi E, Lee J, Javan M, Zhang SC, Gupta V, Lee B, Haynes PA, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. Discovery of Novel Cell Surface Markers for Purification of Embryonic Dopamine Progenitors for Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease Animal Models. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1670-1684. [PMID: 29848781 PMCID: PMC6126395 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in safety and efficacy of cell replacement therapy with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), the presence of residual undifferentiated stem cells or proliferating neural progenitor cells with rostral identity remains a major challenge. Here we report the generation of a LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) knock-in GFP reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line that marks the early dopaminergic progenitors during neural differentiation to find reliable membrane protein markers for isolation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Purified GFP positive cells in vitro exhibited expression of mRNA and proteins that characterized and matched the midbrain dopaminergic identity. Further quantitative proteomics analysis of enriched LMX1A+ cells identified several membrane-associated proteins including a polysialylated embryonic form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and contactin 2 (CNTN2), enabling prospective isolation of LMX1A+ progenitor cells. Transplantation of human-PSC-derived purified CNTN2+ progenitors enhanced dopamine release from transplanted cells in the host brain and alleviated Parkinson's disease-related phenotypes in animal models. This study establishes an efficient approach for purification of large numbers of human-PSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathi
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- ‖Waisman Center
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- ‡‡Department of Molecular Sciences
- §§Australian Proteome Analysis Facility
- ¶¶Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Banafsheh Dolatyar
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Bayat
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ebrahim Shahbazi
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaesuk Lee
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mohammad Javan
- §Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- ***Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- ‖Waisman Center
- **Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Vivek Gupta
- ¶¶Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bonghee Lee
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran;
- §Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology,
- ‡‡Department of Molecular Sciences
- ‡‡‡Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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Haffez H, Chisholm DR, Tatum NJ, Valentine R, Redfern C, Pohl E, Whiting A, Przyborski S. Probing biological activity through structural modelling of ligand-receptor interactions of 2,4-disubstituted thiazole retinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1560-1572. [PMID: 29439915 PMCID: PMC5933457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), regulate cellular differentiation and signalling pathways in chordates by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARα/β/γ). Polar interactions between receptor and ligand are important for binding and facilitating the non-polar interactions and conformational changes necessary for RAR-mediated transcriptional regulation. The constraints on activity and RAR-type specificity with respect to the structural link between the polar and non-polar functions of synthetic retinoids are poorly understood. To address this, predictions from in silico ligand-RAR docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations for a small library of stable, synthetic retinoids (designated GZ series) containing a central thiazole linker structure and different hydrophobic region substituents, were tested using a ligand binding assay and a range of cellular biological assays. The docking analysis showed that these thiazole-containing retinoids were well suited to the binding pocket of RARα, particularly via a favorable hydrogen bonding interaction between the thiazole and Ser232 of RARα. A bulky hydrophobic region (i.e., present in compounds GZ23 and GZ25) was important for interaction with the RAR binding pockets. Ligand binding assays generally reflected the findings from in silico docking, and showed that GZ25 was a particularly strongly binding ligand for RARα/β. GZ25 also exhibited higher activity as an inducer of neuronal differentiation than ATRA and other GZ derivatives. These data demonstrate that GZ25 is a stable synthetic retinoid with improved activity which efficiently regulates neuronal differentiation and help to define the key structural requirements for retinoid activity enabling the design and development of the next generation of more active, selective synthetic retinoids as potential therapeutic regulators of neurogenesis.
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Key Words
- atra, all-trans retinoic acid
- af, activation function
- esi, electronic supplementary information
- gz, compound series code
- h12, helix 12
- lbd, ligand binding domain
- rar, retinoic acid receptor
- rare, retinoic acid response element
- rxr, retinoid x receptor
- ttn, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrophobic region
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Haffez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy College, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David R Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Natalie J Tatum
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Roy Valentine
- High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Christopher Redfern
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Im JH, Hwang SI, Kim JW, Park SJ, Kang KR, You JS, Kim KP, Moon SH, Cha HJ, Chung HM, Schöler HR, Hyun JK, Han DW. Inhibition of BET selectively eliminates undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:477-487. [PMID: 36658808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain their cellular identity through the systematic regulation of master transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes. Recent work has shown that the unusually large-scale enhancers-namely super-enhancers (SEs), on which BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family is highly enriched-could regulate pluripotency-related transcription factors. Moreover, inhibition of BRD4 binding on SEs has been shown to induce the differentiation of ESCs. However, the underlying mechanism of BRD4 inhibition-mediated stem cell differentiation remains elusive. Here we show that both mouse and human ESCs lose their capacity for self-renewal upon treatment with JQ1, a selective inhibitor of BET family including BRD4, with rapid suppression of pluripotency-associated genes. Notably, a high concentration of JQ1 could selectively eliminate ESCs via apoptosis, without affecting the functionality of differentiated somatic cells from ESCs, suggesting that inhibition of BET may have a beneficial effect on the development of pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Im
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon In Hwang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ree Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; KU Open-Innovation Center, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Skowronska M, McDonald M, Velichkovska M, Leda AR, Park M, Toborek M. Methamphetamine increases HIV infectivity in neural progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:296-311. [PMID: 29158267 PMCID: PMC5766929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine (METH) abuse frequently occur simultaneously and may have synergistic pathological effects. Although HIV-positive/active METH users have been shown to have higher HIV viral loads and experience more severe neurological complications than non-users, the direct impact of METH on HIV infection and its link to the development of neurocognitive alternations are still poorly understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that METH impacts HIV infection of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by a mechanism encompassing NFκB/SP1-mediated HIV LTR activation. Mouse and human NPCs were infected with EcoHIV (modified HIV virus infectious to mice) and HIV, respectively, in the presence or absence of METH (50 or 100 μm). Pretreatment with METH, but not simultaneous exposure, significantly increased HIV production in both mouse and human NPCs. To determine the mechanisms underlying these effects, cells were transfected with different variants of HIV LTR promoters and then exposed to METH. METH treatment induced transcriptional activity of the HIV LTR promotor, an effect that required both NFκB and SP1 signaling. Pretreatment with METH also decreased neuronal differentiation of HIV-infected NPCs in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Importantly, NPC-derived daughter cells appeared to be latently infected with HIV. This study indicates that METH increases HIV infectivity of NPCs, through the NFκB/SP1-dependent activation of the HIV LTR and with the subsequent alterations of NPC neurogenesis. Such events may underlie METH- exacerbated neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skowronska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
| | - Marisa McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ana Rachel Leda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-001 Katowice, Poland.
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Breimer ME, Säljö K, Barone A, Teneberg S. Glycosphingolipids of human embryonic stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:713-723. [PMID: 27325407 PMCID: PMC5711972 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of human stem cell technology offers theoretically a great potential to treat various human diseases. However, to achieve this goal a large number of scientific issues remain to be solved. Cell surface carbohydrate antigens are involved in a number of biomedical phenomena that are important in clinical applications of stem cells, such as cell differentiation and immune reactivity. Due to their cell surface localization, carbohydrate epitopes are ideally suited for characterization of human pluripotent stem cells. Amongst the most commonly used markers to identify human pluripotent stem cells are the globo-series glycosphingolipids SSEA-3 and SSEA-4. However, our knowledge regarding human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipid expression was until recently mainly based on immunological assays of intact cells due to the very limited amounts of cell material available. In recent years the knowledge regarding glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells has been extended by biochemical studies, which is the focus of this review. In addition, the distribution of the human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipids in human tissues, and glycosphingolipid changes during human stem cell differentiation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angela Barone
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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37
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Single-cell analysis of diversity in human stem cell-derived neurons. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:171-179. [PMID: 29185070 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells produce one of the most remarkable organs in nature, the human brain. Among neural stem cell progeny, post-mitotic neurons are likewise remarkably diverse. Single-cell transcriptomic approaches are now cataloging a long-sought-after molecular taxonomy of neuronal diversity in the brain. Contemporary single-cell omic classifications of neuronal diversity build from electrophysiological approaches that for decades have measured and cataloged diverse biophysical properties of single neurons. With the widespread application of human pluripotent stem cell-based models of neurogenesis to investigate disease pathology and to develop new drugs, a high-resolution understanding of neuronal diversity in vivo is essential to benchmark the state of in vitro models of human neurological disease.
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Kawamura R, Miyazaki M, Shimizu K, Matsumoto Y, Silberberg YR, Sathuluri RR, Iijima M, Kuroda S, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. A New Cell Separation Method Based on Antibody-Immobilized Nanoneedle Arrays for the Detection of Intracellular Markers. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7117-7124. [PMID: 29047282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Focusing on intracellular targets, we propose a new cell separation technique based on a nanoneedle array (NNA) device, which allows simultaneous insertion of multiple needles into multiple cells. The device is designed to target and lift ("fish") individual cells from a mixed population of cells on a substrate using an antibody-functionalized NNA. The mechanics underlying this approach were validated by force analysis using an atomic force microscope. Accurate high-throughput separation was achieved using one-to-one contacts between the nanoneedles and the cells by preparing a single-cell array in which the positions of the cells were aligned with 10,000 nanoneedles in the NNA. Cell-type-specific separation was realized by controlling the adhesion force so that the cells could be detached in cell-type-independent manner. Separation of nestin-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) was demonstrated using the proposed technology, and successful differentiation to neuronal cells was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzo Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minami Miyazaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keita Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST , 1-2-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Thelin EP, Hall CE, Gupta K, Carpenter KLH, Chandran S, Hutchinson PJ, Patani R, Helmy A. Elucidating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses after Traumatic Brain Injury in a Human Stem Cell Model. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:341-352. [PMID: 28978285 PMCID: PMC5784793 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine mediated inflammation likely plays an important role in secondary pathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to elucidate secondary cytokine responses in an in vitro enriched (>80%) human stem cell-derived neuronal model. We exposed neuronal cultures to pre-determined and clinically relevant pathophysiological levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), shown to be present in the inflammatory aftermath of TBI. Data from this reductionist human model were then compared with our in vivo data. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons were exposed to recombinant TNF (1–10,000 pg/mL), IL-1β (1–10,000 pg/mL), and IL-6 (0.1–1000 ng/mL). After 1, 24, and 72 h, culture supernatant was sampled and analyzed using a human cytokine/chemokine 42-plex Milliplex kit on the Luminex platform. The culture secretome revealed both a dose- and/or time-dependent release of cytokines. The IL-6 and TNF exposure each resulted in significantly increased levels of >10 cytokines over time, while IL-1β increased the level of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10/IP10) alone. Importantly, these patterns are consistent with our in vivo (human) TBI data, thus validating our human stem cell-derived neuronal platform as a clinically useful reductionist model. Our data cumulatively suggest that IL-6 and TNF have direct actions, while the action of IL-1β on human neurons likely occurs indirectly through inflammatory cells. The hESC-derived neurons provide a valuable platform to model cytokine mediated inflammation and can provide important insights into the mechanisms of neuroinflammation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peter Thelin
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire E Hall
- 3 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Kunal Gupta
- 4 Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom .,5 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- 6 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom .,5 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rickie Patani
- 3 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, United Kingdom .,7 The Francis Crick Institute , London, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Ortiz-Virumbrales M, Moreno CL, Kruglikov I, Marazuela P, Sproul A, Jacob S, Zimmer M, Paull D, Zhang B, Schadt EE, Ehrlich ME, Tanzi RE, Arancio O, Noggle S, Gandy S. CRISPR/Cas9-Correctable mutation-related molecular and physiological phenotypes in iPSC-derived Alzheimer's PSEN2 N141I neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 29078805 PMCID: PMC5660456 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are believed to be one of the first cell types to be affected in all forms of AD, and their dysfunction is clinically correlated with impaired short-term memory formation and retrieval. We present an optimized in vitro protocol to generate human BFCNs from iPSCs, using cell lines from presenilin 2 (PSEN2) mutation carriers and controls. As expected, cell lines harboring the PSEN2N141I mutation displayed an increase in the Aβ42/40 in iPSC-derived BFCNs. Neurons derived from PSEN2N141I lines generated fewer maximum number of spikes in response to a square depolarizing current injection. The height of the first action potential at rheobase current injection was also significantly decreased in PSEN2N141I BFCNs. CRISPR/Cas9 correction of the PSEN2 point mutation abolished the electrophysiological deficit, restoring both the maximal number of spikes and spike height to the levels recorded in controls. Increased Aβ42/40 was also normalized following CRISPR/Cas-mediated correction of the PSEN2N141I mutation. The genome editing data confirms the robust consistency of mutation-related changes in Aβ42/40 ratio while also showing a PSEN2-mutation-related alteration in electrophysiology.
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IAP-Based Cell Sorting Results in Homogeneous Transplantable Dopaminergic Precursor Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 28943253 PMCID: PMC5639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons can relieve motor deficits in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical translation of differentiation protocols requires standardization of production procedures, and surface-marker-based cell sorting is considered instrumental for reproducible generation of defined cell products. Here, we demonstrate that integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a cell surface marker suitable for enrichment of hPSC-derived mesDA progenitor cells. Immunomagnetically sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors showed increased expression of ventral midbrain floor plate markers, lacked expression of pluripotency markers, and differentiated into mature dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro. Intrastriatal transplantation of IAP+ cells sorted at day 16 of differentiation in a rat model of PD resulted in functional recovery. Grafts from sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors were more homogeneous in size and DA neuron density. Thus, we suggest IAP-based sorting for reproducible prospective enrichment of mesDA progenitor cells in clinical cell replacement strategies. Flow cytometric antibody screening identified IAP as a marker for mesDA progenitors IAP+ cells displayed hallmark characteristics of ventral floor plate cells Immunomagnetic IAP sorting led to reproducible and homogeneous cell compositions IAP+ cells generated mature grafts leading to functional recovery in lesioned rats
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Lin W, Modiano JF, Ito D. Stage-specific embryonic antigen: determining expression in canine glioblastoma, melanoma, and mammary cancer cells. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:101-104. [PMID: 27456773 PMCID: PMC5366293 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs) was determined in several types of canine cancer cells. Flow cytometry showed SSEA-1 expression in glioblastoma, melanoma, and mammary cancer cells, although none expressed SSEA-3 or SSEA-4. Expression of SSEA-1 was not detected in lymphoma, osteosarcoma, or hemangiosarcoma cell lines. Relatively stable SSEA-1 expression was observed between 24 and 72 h of culture. After 8 days in culture, sorted SSEA-1− and SSEA-1+ cells re-established SSEA-1 expression to levels comparable to those observed in unsorted cells. Our results document, for the first time, the expression of SSEA-1 in several canine cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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43
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Varma S, Fendyur A, Box A, Voldman J. Multiplexed Cell-Based Sensors for Assessing the Impact of Engineered Systems and Methods on Cell Health. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4663-4670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Box
- Cytometry
Shared Resource Laboratory, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas
City, Missouri 64110, United States
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Kandasamy M, Roll L, Langenstroth D, Brüstle O, Faissner A. Glycoconjugates reveal diversity of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:531-549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Matsuoka AJ, Morrissey ZD, Zhang C, Homma K, Belmadani A, Miller CA, Chadly DM, Kobayashi S, Edelbrock AN, Tanaka‐Matakatsu M, Whitlon DS, Lyass L, McGuire TL, Stupp SI, Kessler JA. Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Placode-Derived Spiral Ganglion-Like Sensory Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:923-936. [PMID: 28186679 PMCID: PMC5442760 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from stem cells is a necessary prerequisite for development of cell-replacement therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. We present a protocol that directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a purified population of otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) and SGN-like cells. Between 82% and 95% of these cells express SGN molecular markers, they preferentially extend neurites to the cochlear nucleus rather than nonauditory nuclei, and they generate action potentials. The protocol follows an in vitro stepwise recapitulation of developmental events inherent to normal differentiation of hESCs into SGNs, resulting in efficient sequential generation of nonneuronal ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, early prosensory ONPs, late ONPs, and cells with cellular and molecular characteristics of human SGNs. We thus describe the sequential signaling pathways that generate the early and later lineage species in the human SGN lineage, thereby better describing key developmental processes. The results indicate that our protocol generates cells that closely replicate the phenotypic characteristics of human SGNs, advancing the process of guiding hESCs to states serving inner-ear cell-replacement therapies and possible next-generation hybrid auditory prostheses. © Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:923-936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro J. Matsuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Chaoying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Abdelhak Belmadani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological ChemistryChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Duncan M. Chadly
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Shun Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | - Donna S. Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Ljuba Lyass
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyChicagoILUSA
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNorthwestern University
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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46
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Gao L, Guan W, Wang M, Wang H, Yu J, Liu Q, Qiu B, Yu Y, Ping Y, Bian X, Shen L, Pei G. Direct Generation of Human Neuronal Cells from Adult Astrocytes by Small Molecules. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:538-547. [PMID: 28216149 PMCID: PMC5355633 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, due to the proximity to neuronal lineage and capability to proliferate, are ideal starting cells to regenerate neurons. Human fetal astrocytes have been successfully converted into neuronal cells by small molecules, which offered a broader range of further applications than transcription factor-mediated neuronal reprogramming. Here we report that human adult astrocytes could also be converted into neuronal cells by a different set of small molecules. These induced cells exhibited typical neuronal morphologies, expressed neuronal markers, and displayed neuronal electrophysiological properties. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the global gene expression profile of induced neuronal cells resembled that of human embryonic stem cell-differentiated neurons. When transplanted into post-natal mouse brains, these induced neuronal cells could survive and become electrophysiologically mature. Altogether, our study provides a strategy to directly generate transgene-free neuronal cells from human adult astrocytes by small molecules. Human adult astrocytes can be converted into neuronal cells by small molecules Induced neuronal cells possess neuronal markers and electrophysiological properties The transcriptome of induced neuronal cells resembles that of hESC-derived neurons Induced neuronal cells survive and become electrophysiologically mature in mice brain
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wuqiang Guan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binlong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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47
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Sandor C, Robertson P, Lang C, Heger A, Booth H, Vowles J, Witty L, Bowden R, Hu M, Cowley SA, Wade-Martins R, Webber C. Transcriptomic profiling of purified patient-derived dopamine neurons identifies convergent perturbations and therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:552-566. [PMID: 28096185 PMCID: PMC5409122 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies enable the study of inaccessible patient cell types, cellular heterogeneity can confound the comparison of gene expression profiles between iPSC-derived cell lines. Here, we purified iPSC-derived human dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) using the intracellular marker, tyrosine hydroxylase. Once purified, the transcriptomic profiles of iPSC-derived DaNs appear remarkably similar to profiles obtained from mature post-mortem DaNs. Comparison of the profiles of purified iPSC-derived DaNs derived from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying LRRK2 G2019S variants to controls identified significant functional convergence amongst differentially-expressed (DE) genes. The PD LRRK2-G2019S associated profile was positively matched with expression changes induced by the Parkinsonian neurotoxin rotenone and opposed by those induced by clioquinol, a compound with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in multiple PD models. No functional convergence amongst DE genes was observed following a similar comparison using non-purified iPSC-derived DaN-containing populations, with cellular heterogeneity appearing a greater confound than genotypic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sandor
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Robertson
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charmaine Lang
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Heger
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Program, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Booth
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorna Witty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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48
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Flores JV, Cordero-Espinoza L, Oeztuerk-Winder F, Andersson-Rolf A, Selmi T, Blanco S, Tailor J, Dietmann S, Frye M. Cytosine-5 RNA Methylation Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Motility. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:112-124. [PMID: 28041877 PMCID: PMC5233436 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the cytosine-5 RNA methylase NSUN2 cause neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, yet the underlying cellular processes leading to the symptoms that include microcephaly remain unclear. Here, we show that NSUN2 is expressed in early neuroepithelial progenitors of the developing human brain, and its expression is gradually reduced during differentiation of human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells in vitro. In the developing Nsun2-/- mouse cerebral cortex, intermediate progenitors accumulate and upper-layer neurons decrease. Loss of NSUN2-mediated methylation of tRNA increases their endonucleolytic cleavage by angiogenin, and 5' tRNA fragments accumulate in Nsun2-/- brains. Neural differentiation of NES cells is impaired by both NSUN2 depletion and the presence of angiogenin. Since repression of NSUN2 also inhibited neural cell migration toward the chemoattractant fibroblast growth factor 2, we conclude that the impaired differentiation capacity in the absence of NSUN2 may be driven by the inability to efficiently respond to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana V Flores
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Feride Oeztuerk-Winder
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Amanda Andersson-Rolf
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Tommaso Selmi
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sandra Blanco
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jignesh Tailor
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Michaela Frye
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
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49
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Advances in Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Stem Cell-Based Translational Applications. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:133-144. [PMID: 27993646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's surface molecular signature enables its reciprocal interactions with the associated microenvironments in development, tissue homeostasis and pathological processes. The CD24 surface antigen (heat-stable antigen, nectadrin; small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4) represents a prime example of a neural surface molecule that has long been known, but whose diverse molecular functions in intercellular communication we have only begun to unravel. Here, we briefly summarize the molecular fundamentals of CD24 structure and provide a comprehensive review of CD24 expression and functional studies in mammalian neural developmental systems and disease models (rodent, human). Striving for an integrated view of the intracellular signaling processes involved, we discuss the most pertinent routes of CD24-mediated signaling pathways and functional networks in neurobiology (neural migration, neurite extension, neurogenesis) and pathology (tumorigenesis, multiple sclerosis).
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