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Tian C, Cai H, Ao Z, Gu L, Li X, Niu VC, Bondesson M, Gu M, Mackie K, Guo F. Engineering human midbrain organoid microphysiological systems to model prenatal PFOS exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174478. [PMID: 38964381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a class of synthetic chemicals detected in various environmental compartments, has been associated with dysfunctions of the human central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying neurotoxicology of PFOS exposure is largely understudied due to the lack of relevant human models. Here, we report bioengineered human midbrain organoid microphysiological systems (hMO-MPSs) to recapitulate the response of a fetal human brain to multiple concurrent PFOS exposure conditions. Each hMO-MPS consists of an hMO on a fully 3D printed holder device with a perfusable organoid adhesion layer for enhancing air-liquid interface culturing. Leveraging the unique, simply-fabricated holder devices, hMO-MPSs are scalable, easy to use, and compatible with conventional well-plates, and allow easy transfer onto a multiple-electrode array (MEA) system for plug-and-play measurement of neural activity. Interestingly, the neural activity of hMO-MPSs initially increased and subsequently decreased by exposure to a concentration range of 0, 30, 100, to 300 μM of PFOS. Furthermore, PFOS exposure impaired neural development and promoted neuroinflammation in the engineered hMO-MPSs. Along with PFOS, our platform is broadly applicable for studies toxicology of various other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Longjun Gu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Vivian C Niu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Bloomington High School South, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Pulmonary Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229, Cincinnati, United States; University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH 45229, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
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Cornelssen C, Payne A, Parker DL, Alexander M, Merrill R, Senthilkumar S, Christensen J, Wilcox KS, Odéen H, Rolston JD. Development of an MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Lesioning Approach for the Fornix in the Rat Brain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:920-926. [PMID: 38521695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-intensity magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive therapy to lesion brain tissue, used clinically in patients and pre-clinically in several animal models. Challenges with focused ablation in rodent brains can include skull and near-field heating and accurately targeting small and deep brain structures. We overcame these challenges by creating a novel method consisting of a craniectomy skull preparation, a high-frequency transducer (3 MHz) with a small ultrasound focal spot, a transducer positioning system with an added manual adjustment of ∼0.1 mm targeting accuracy, and MR acoustic radiation force imaging for confirmation of focal spot placement. METHODS The study consisted of two main parts. First, two skull preparation approaches were compared. A skull thinning approach (n = 7 lesions) was compared to a craniectomy approach (n = 22 lesions), which confirmed a craniectomy was necessary to decrease skull and near-field heating. Second, the two transducer positioning systems were compared with the fornix chosen as a subcortical ablation target. We evaluated the accuracy of targeting using histologic methods from a high-frequency transducer with a small ultrasound focal spot and MR acoustic radiation force imaging. RESULTS Comparing a motorized adjustment system (∼1 mm precision, n = 17 lesions) to the motorized system with an added micromanipulator (∼0.1 mm precision, n = 14 lesions), we saw an increase in the accuracy of targeting the fornix by 133%. CONCLUSIONS The described work allows for repeatable and accurate targeting of small and deep structures in the rodent brain, such as the fornix, enabling the investigation of neurological disorders in chronic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Alexander
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robb Merrill
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sharayu Senthilkumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Christensen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Henrik Odéen
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sabnis G, Hession L, Mahoney JM, Mobley A, Santos M, Kumar V. Visual detection of seizures in mice using supervised machine learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596520. [PMID: 38868170 PMCID: PMC11167691 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Seizures are caused by abnormally synchronous brain activity that can result in changes in muscle tone, such as twitching, stiffness, limpness, or rhythmic jerking. These behavioral manifestations are clear on visual inspection and the most widely used seizure scoring systems in preclinical models, such as the Racine scale in rodents, use these behavioral patterns in semiquantitative seizure intensity scores. However, visual inspection is time-consuming, low-throughput, and partially subjective, and there is a need for rigorously quantitative approaches that are scalable. In this study, we used supervised machine learning approaches to develop automated classifiers to predict seizure severity directly from noninvasive video data. Using the PTZ-induced seizure model in mice, we trained video-only classifiers to predict ictal events, combined these events to predict an univariate seizure intensity for a recording session, as well as time-varying seizure intensity scores. Our results show, for the first time, that seizure events and overall intensity can be rigorously quantified directly from overhead video of mice in a standard open field using supervised approaches. These results enable high-throughput, noninvasive, and standardized seizure scoring for downstream applications such as neurogenetics and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME USA
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Gonçalves-Sánchez J, Ramírez-Santos T, López DE, Gonçalves-Estella JM, Sancho C. Assessing the Effectiveness of Eslicarbazepine Acetate in Reducing Audiogenic Reflex Seizures in the GASH/Sal Model of Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1121. [PMID: 38791083 PMCID: PMC11117828 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a third-generation antiepileptic drug indicated as monotherapy for adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy and as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of both acute and repeated ESL administration against reflex audiogenic seizures, as shown by the Genetic Audiogenic Seizures Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal). Animals were subject to the intraperitoneal administration of ESL, applying doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg for the acute study, whereas a daily dose of 100 mg/kg was selected for the subchronic study, which lasted 14 days. In both studies, the anticonvulsant effect of the therapy was evaluated using neuroethological methods. To assess the safety of the treatment, behavioral tests were performed, hematological and biochemical liver profiles were obtained, and body weight was monitored. In addition, the ESL levels in blood were measured after the acute administration of a 200 mg/kg dose. Treatment with ESL caused a reduction in seizure severity. No statistically significant differences were detected between the selected doses or between the acute or repeated administration of the drug. To summarize, the intraperitoneal administration of ESL is safe and shows an anticonvulsant effect in the GASH/Sal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Dolores E. López
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sancho
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Schwarz AP, Zakharova MV, Kovalenko AA, Dyomina AV, Zubareva OE, Zaitsev AV. Time- and Region-Specific Selection of Reference Genes in the Rat Brain in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1100. [PMID: 38791067 PMCID: PMC11117783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a commonly used tool for gene expression analysis. The selection of stably expressed reference genes is required for accurate normalization. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in various brain regions of rats at different stages of the lithium-pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy. We tested the expression stability of nine housekeeping genes commonly used as reference genes in brain research: Actb, Gapdh, B2m, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ppia, Hprt1, Pgk1, and Ywhaz. Based on four standard algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta-Ct), we found that after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, the stability of the tested reference genes varied significantly between brain regions and depended on time after epileptogenesis induction (3 and 7 days in the latent phase, and 2 months in the chronic phase of the model). Pgk1 and Ywhaz were the most stable, while Actb, Sdha, and B2m demonstrated the lowest stability in the analyzed brain areas. We revealed time- and region-specific changes in the mRNA expression of the housekeeping genes B2m, Actb, Sdha, Rpl13a, Gapdh, Hprt1, and Sdha. These changes were more pronounced in the hippocampal region during the latent phase of the model and are thought to be related to epileptogenesis. Thus, RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression in acquired epilepsy models requires careful selection of reference genes depending on the brain region and time of analysis. For the time course study of epileptogenesis in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model, we recommend the use of the Pgk1 and Ywhaz genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Toreza Prospekt, 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.Z.); (A.A.K.); (A.V.D.); (O.E.Z.)
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Sanabria V, Romariz SAA, Braga M, Pires JM, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MDG, Mello LE, Longo BM, Foresti ML. What we have learned from non-human primates as animal models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109706. [PMID: 38518671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have played a crucial role in our understanding of epilepsy, given their striking similarities with humans. Through their use, we have gained a deeper understanding of the neurophysiology and pathophysiology of epileptic seizures, and they have proven invaluable allies in developing anti-seizure therapies. This review explores the history of NHPs as natural models of epilepsy, discusses the findings obtained after exposure to various chemoconvulsant drugs and focal electrical stimulation protocols that helped uncover important mechanisms related to epilepsy, examines diverse treatments to prevent and manage epilepsy, and addresses essential ethical issues in research. In this review, we aim to emphasize the important role of NHPs in epilepsy research and summarize the benefits and challenges associated with their use as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam Sanabria
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone A A Romariz
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Braga
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Moreira Pires
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eugênio Mello
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Longo
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira Licia Foresti
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ali SO, Ghaiad HR, Elmasry GF, Mehana NA. Sinapic Acid Mitigates Pentylenetetrazol-induced Acute Seizures By Modulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Regulating Calcium/calcineurin Signaling: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02019-0. [PMID: 38662166 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Sinapic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid found in citrus fruits and cereals. Recent studies have shown that SA has potential anti-seizure properties due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. The present study investigated the neuroprotective role of SA at two different dosages in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced acute seizure model. Mice were divided into six groups: normal control, PTZ, SA (20 mg/kg), SA (20 mg/kg) + PTZ, SA (40 mg/kg), and SA (40 mg/kg) + PTZ. SA was orally administered for 21 days, followed by a convulsive dose of intraperitoneal PTZ (50 mg/kg). Seizures were estimated via the Racine scale, and animals were behaviorally tested using the Y-maze. Brain tissues were used to assess the levels of GABA, glutamate, oxidative stress markers, calcium, calcineurin, (Nod)-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), Bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad) and Bcl-2. Molecular docking of SA using a multistep in silico protocol was also performed. The results showed that SA alleviated oxidative stress, restored the GABA/glutamate balance and calcium/calcineurin signaling, downregulated NLRP3 and apoptosis, and improved recognition and ambulatory activity in PTZ-treated mice. In silico results also revealed that SA strongly interacts with the target proteins NLRP3 and ASC. Overall, the results suggest that SA is a promising antiseizure agent and that both doses of SA are comparable, with 40 mg/kg SA being superior in normalizing glutathione, calcium and IL-1β, in addition to calcineurin, NLRP3, ASC and Bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa O Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Heba R Ghaiad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mehana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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8
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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Li Z, Gao Z, Chang C, Gao Z. Anticonvulsive Effect of Glucosyl Xanthone Mangiferin on Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-Induced Seizure-Provoked Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2161-2175. [PMID: 37486538 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are major side effects induced by currently available antiepileptic drugs; apart from this, they also diminish intelligence and language skills which cause hepatic failure, anemia, etc. Hence, in this study, we assessed antiepileptic effect of a phytochemical mangiferin. Epilepsy, a prevalent non communicable neurological disorder, affects infants and older population throughout the world. Epilepsy-induced comorbidities are more severe and if not treated cautiously lead to disability and even worse cases, mortality. The onset and duration of convulsion were observed. Seizure severity score was assessed by provoking kindling with 35 mg/kg PTZ. Prooxidants and antioxidants were measured to assess the antioxidant effect of mangiferin. Inflammatory markers were measured to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of mangiferin. The levels of neurotransmitters and ATPases were quantified to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of mangiferin. Mangiferin significantly decreased the onset and duration convulsion. It also decreased the seizure severity score, locomotor activity, and immobilization effectively. The excitatory neurotransmitter was reduced, and inhibitory neurotransmitter was increased in mice treated with mangiferin. Overall, our results confirm that mangiferin efficiently protects mice from PTZ-induced seizures. It can be subjected to further research to be prescribed as a potent antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- Department of Pediatric, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Cong Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Municipal Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Zhuanglei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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Krut' VG, Kalinichenko AL, Maltsev DI, Jappy D, Shevchenko EK, Podgorny OV, Belousov VV. Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches for modeling neurological disorders in vivo. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102600. [PMID: 38548126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of human neurological disorders provide valuable experimental tools which enable us to study various aspects of disorder pathogeneses, ranging from structural abnormalities and disrupted metabolism and signaling to motor and mental deficits, and allow us to test novel therapies in preclinical studies. To be valid, these animal models should recapitulate complex pathological features at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels as closely as possible to those observed in human subjects. Pathological states resembling known human neurological disorders can be induced in animal species by toxins, genetic factors, lesioning, or exposure to extreme conditions. In recent years, novel animal models recapitulating neuropathologies in humans have been introduced. These animal models are based on synthetic biology approaches: opto- and chemogenetics. In this paper, we review recent opto- and chemogenetics-based animal models of human neurological disorders. These models allow for the creation of pathological states by disrupting specific processes at the cellular level. The artificial pathological states mimic a range of human neurological disorders, such as aging-related dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, and ataxias. Opto- and chemogenetics provide new opportunities unavailable with other animal models of human neurological disorders. These techniques enable researchers to induce neuropathological states varying in severity and ranging from acute to chronic. We also discuss future directions for the development and application of synthetic biology approaches for modeling neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya G Krut'
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei L Kalinichenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Maltsev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny K Shevchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia.
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11
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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12
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Li HT, Viskaitis P, Bracey E, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Transient targeting of hypothalamic orexin neurons alleviates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1249. [PMID: 38341419 PMCID: PMC10858876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral hypothalamic (LH) hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) control brain-wide electrical excitation. Abnormally high excitation produces epileptic seizures, which affect millions of people and need better treatments. HON population activity spikes from minute to minute, but the role of this in seizures is unknown. Here, we describe correlative and causal links between HON activity spikes and seizures. Applying temporally-targeted HON recordings and optogenetic silencing to a male mouse model of acute epilepsy, we found that pre-seizure HON activity predicts and controls the electrophysiology and behavioral pathology of subsequent seizures. No such links were detected for HON activity during seizures. Having thus defined the time window where HONs influence seizures, we targeted it with LH deep brain stimulation (DBS), which inhibited HON population activity, and produced seizure protection. Collectively, these results uncover a feature of brain activity linked to seizures, and demonstrate a proof-of-concept treatment that controls this feature and alleviates epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tao Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Section of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bracey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Shariff S, Nouh HA, Inshutiyimana S, Kachouh C, Abdelwahab MM, Nazir A, Wojtara M, Uwishema O. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of epilepsy: Unraveling the molecular mechanisms: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1896. [PMID: 38361811 PMCID: PMC10867297 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by having two or more unprovoked seizures. Understanding the pathogenesis of epilepsy, requires deep investigation into the molecular mechanisms. This helps develop diagnostic techniques, treatments, and pharmacotherapy. It also enhances precision medicine and individualized treatment processes. This article reviews all the molecular mechanisms predisposing to epileptogenesis, presents the current diagnostic techniques and drug therapy, and suggests future perspectives in treating Epilepsy in a more comprehensive and holistic approach. Methodology Four authors searched keywords concerning epilepsy at a molecular level, Epilepsy diagnostic techniques and technologies, and antiepileptic drug therapy and precision medicine. Separate search strategies were conducted for each concern and retrieved articles were reviewed for relevant results. Results The traditional diagnostic techniques for Epilepsy and its pathogenesis are insufficient in highlighting dynamic brain changes. For this, emerging technologies including genetic sequencing and profiling, and functional neuroimaging techniques are prevailing. Concerning treatment, the current approach focuses on managing symptoms and stopping seizures using antiseizure medications. However, their usage is limited by developing resistance to such drugs. Some therapies show promise, although most antiseizure drugs do not prevent epilepsy. Discussion Understanding epileptogenesis at a molecular and genetic level aids in developing new antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. The aim is to develop therapies that could prevent seizures or modify disease course, decreasing the severity and avoiding drug resistance. Gene therapy and precision medicine are promising but applications are limited due to the heterogeneity in studying the Epileptic brain, dynamically. The dynamic investigation of the epileptic brain with its comorbidities works hand-in-hand with precision medicine, in developing personalized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineYerevan State Medical UniversityYerevanArmenia
| | - Halah A. Nouh
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineLebanese UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Samuel Inshutiyimana
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineUnited States International University‐AfricaNairobiKenya
| | - Charbel Kachouh
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineSaint‐Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Maya M. Abdelwahab
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineKing Edward Medical UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and EducationKigaliRwanda
- Department of MedicineClinton Global Initiative UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Faculty of MedicineKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
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Tripathi S, Nathan CL, Tate MC, Horbinski CM, Templer JW, Rosenow JM, Sita TL, James CD, Deneen B, Miller SD, Heimberger AB. The immune system and metabolic products in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy: emerging therapeutic directions. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174753. [PMID: 38193532 PMCID: PMC10906461 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy has a profound impact on quality of life. Despite the development of new antiseizure medications (ASMs), approximately one-third of affected patients have drug-refractory epilepsy and are nonresponsive to medical treatment. Nearly all currently approved ASMs target neuronal activity through ion channel modulation. Recent human and animal model studies have implicated new immunotherapeutic and metabolomic approaches that may benefit patients with epilepsy. In this Review, we detail the proinflammatory immune landscape of epilepsy and contrast this with the immunosuppressive microenvironment in patients with glioma-related epilepsy. In the tumor setting, excessive neuronal activity facilitates immunosuppression, thereby contributing to subsequent glioma progression. Metabolic modulation of the IDH1-mutant pathway provides a dual pathway for reversing immune suppression and dampening seizure activity. Elucidating the relationship between neurons and immunoreactivity is an area for the prioritization and development of the next era of ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Craig M. Horbinski
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, and
| | | | | | - Timothy L. Sita
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles D. James
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Díaz-Rodríguez SM, Herrero-Turrión MJ, García-Peral C, Gómez-Nieto R. Delving into the significance of the His289Tyr single-nucleotide polymorphism in the glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate-1 ( Grik1) gene of a genetically audiogenic seizure model. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1322750. [PMID: 38249292 PMCID: PMC10797026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1322750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities affecting glutamate receptors are central to excitatory overload-driven neuronal mechanisms that culminate in seizures, making them pivotal targets in epilepsy research. Increasingly used to advance this field, the genetically audiogenic seizure hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal) exhibits generalized seizures triggered by high-intensity acoustic stimulation and harbors significant genetic variants recently identified through whole-exome sequencing. Here, we addressed the influence of the missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (C9586732T, p.His289Tyr) in the glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate-1 (Grik1) gene and its implications for the GASH/Sal seizure susceptibility. Using a protein 3D structure prediction, we showed a potential effect of this sequence variation, located in the amino-terminal domain, on the stability and/or conformation of the kainate receptor subunit-1 protein (GluK1). We further employed a multi-technique approach, encompassing gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in bright-field and confocal fluorescence microscopy, to investigate critical seizure-associated brain regions in GASH/Sal animals under seizure-free conditions compared to matched wild-type controls. We detected disruptions in the transcriptional profile of the Grik1 gene within the audiogenic seizure-associated neuronal network. Alterations in GluK1 protein levels were also observed in various brain structures, accompanied by an unexpected lower molecular weight band in the inferior and superior colliculi. This correlated with substantial disparities in GluK1-immunolabeling distribution across multiple brain regions, including the cerebellum, hippocampus, subdivisions of the inferior and superior colliculi, and the prefrontal cortex. Notably, the diffuse immunolabeling accumulated within perikarya, axonal fibers and terminals, exhibiting a prominent concentration in proximity to the cell nucleus. This suggests potential disturbances in the GluK1-trafficking mechanism, which could subsequently affect glutamate synaptic transmission. Overall, our study sheds light on the genetic underpinnings of seizures and underscores the importance of investigating the molecular mechanisms behind synaptic dysfunction in epileptic neural networks, laying a crucial foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies targeting GluK1-containing kainate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Díaz-Rodríguez
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M. Javier Herrero-Turrión
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank INCYL (BTN-INCYL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Peral
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Smith J, Richerson G, Kouchi H, Duprat F, Mantegazza M, Bezin L, Rheims S. Are we there yet? A critical evaluation of sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy models. Epilepsia 2024; 65:9-25. [PMID: 37914406 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Although animal models have helped to elaborate meaningful hypotheses about the pathophysiology of sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), specific prevention strategies are still lacking, potentially reflecting the limitations of these models and the intrinsic difficulties of investigating SUDEP. The interpretation of preclinical data and their translation to diagnostic and therapeutic developments in patients thus require a high level of confidence in their relevance to model the human situation. Preclinical models of SUDEP are heterogeneous and include rodent and nonrodent species. A critical aspect is whether the animals have isolated seizures exclusively induced by a specific trigger, such as models where seizures are elicited by electrical stimulation, pharmacological intervention, or DBA mouse strains, or whether they suffer from epilepsy with spontaneous seizures, with or without spontaneous SUDEP, either of nongenetic epilepsy etiology or from genetically based developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. All these models have advantages and potential disadvantages, but it is important to be aware of these limitations to interpret data appropriately in a translational perspective. The majority of models with spontaneous seizures are of a genetic basis, whereas SUDEP cases with a genetic basis represent only a small proportion of the total number. In almost all models, cardiorespiratory arrest occurs during the course of the seizure, contrary to that in patients observed at the time of death, potentially raising the issue of whether we are studying models of SUDEP or models of periseizure death. However, some of these limitations are impossible to avoid and can in part be dependent on specific features of SUDEP, which may be difficult to model. Several preclinical tools are available to address certain gaps in SUDEP pathophysiology, which can be used to further validate current preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Smith
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University), Lyon, France
| | - George Richerson
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hayet Kouchi
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University), Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Duprat
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Inserm, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Inserm, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University), Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University), Lyon, France
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Perveen N, Alqahtani F, Ashraf W, Fawad Rasool M, Muhammad Muneeb Anjum S, Kaukab I, Ahmad T, Alqarni SA, Imran I. Perampanel increases seizure threshold in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice and improves behavioral dysfunctions by modifying mRNA expression levels of BDNF/TrkB and inflammatory markers. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101930. [PMID: 38226351 PMCID: PMC10788632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Perampanel (PER), a novel 3rd-generation antiseizure drug that modulates altered post-synaptic glutamatergic storming by selectively inhibiting AMPA receptors, is recently approved to treat intractable forms of seizures. However, to date, presumably consequences of long-term PER therapy on the comorbid deleterious psychiatric disturbances and its correlation with neuroinflammatory parameters are not fully investigated in chronic models of epilepsy. Therefore, we investigated the real-time effect of PER on brain electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, behavioral alterations, redox balance, and relative mRNA expression in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with PER (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks and challenged with 11 injections of PTZ at the sub-threshold dose of 40 mg/kg every other day. vEEG from implanted cortical electrodes was monitored to elucidate seizure propagation and behavioral manifestations. Recorded EEG signals exhibited that PER 0.5 mg/kg pretreatment exceptionally impeded the onset of sharp epileptic spike-wave discharges and associated motor symptoms. Additionally, qEEG analysis showed that PER prevented alterations in absolute mean spectral power and reduced RMS amplitude of epileptogenic spikes vs PTZ control. Furthermore, our outcomes illustrated that PER dose-dependently attenuated PTZ-evoked anxiety-like behavior, memory deficits, and depressive-like behavior that was validated by a series of behavioral experiments. Moreover PER, significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, AChE, and increased levels of SOD and total thiol in the mice brain via AMPAR antagonism. Post-PTZ kindling provoked overstimulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that were reversed by PER with suppression of iNOS in brain immune cells. In conclusion, our findings highlight that PER might play an auspicious preventive role in the proepileptic transformation of brain circuits via suppression of BDNF/TrkB signaling and reduced transcriptional levels of neuroinflammatory markers leading to improvised epilepsy-induced neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Perveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 75270, Pakistan
| | - Iram Kaukab
- District Quality Control Board, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Saleh A. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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Gonçalves-Sánchez J, Sancho C, López DE, Castellano O, García-Cenador B, Servilha-Menezes G, Corchado JM, García-Cairasco N, Gonçalves-Estella JM. Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:91. [PMID: 38203262 PMCID: PMC10778912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjuvant neuromodulation therapy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. However, the mechanisms behind its effectiveness are not fully understood. Our aim was to develop a VNS protocol for the Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal) in order to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the therapy. The rodents were subject to VNS for 14 days using clinical stimulation parameters by implanting a clinically available neurostimulation device or our own prototype for laboratory animals. The neuroethological assessment of seizures and general behavior were performed before surgery, and after 7, 10, and 14 days of VNS. Moreover, potential side effects were examined. Finally, the expression of 23 inflammatory markers in plasma and the left-brain hemisphere was evaluated. VNS significantly reduced seizure severity in GASH/Sal without side effects. No differences were observed between the neurostimulation devices. GASH/Sal treated with VNS showed statistically significant reduced levels of interleukin IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3), and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α in the brain. The described experimental design allows for the study of VNS effects and mechanisms of action using an implantable device. This was achieved in a model of convulsive seizures in which VNS is effective and shows an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.E.L.); (O.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sancho
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E. López
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.E.L.); (O.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Orlando Castellano
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.E.L.); (O.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña García-Cenador
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (G.S.-M.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Juan M. Corchado
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Bioinformatics, Intelligent Systems and Educational Technology (BISITE) Research Group, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto García-Cairasco
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (G.S.-M.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.S.); (B.G.-C.); (J.M.C.); (J.M.G.-E.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Cornelssen C, Finlinson E, Rolston JD, Wilcox KS. Ultrasonic therapies for seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1301956. [PMID: 38162441 PMCID: PMC10756913 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic therapy is an increasingly promising approach for the treatment of seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Therapeutic focused ultrasound (FUS) uses thermal or nonthermal energy to either ablate neural tissue or modulate neural activity through high- or low-intensity FUS (HIFU, LIFU), respectively. Both HIFU and LIFU approaches have been investigated for reducing seizure activity in DRE, and additional FUS applications include disrupting the blood-brain barrier in the presence of microbubbles for targeted-drug delivery to the seizure foci. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies that have used FUS to treat seizures. Additionally, we review effective FUS parameters and consider limitations and future directions of FUS with respect to the treatment of DRE. While detailed studies to optimize FUS applications are ongoing, FUS has established itself as a potential noninvasive alternative for the treatment of DRE and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Eli Finlinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John D. Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen S. Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Díaz-Rodríguez SM, Ivorra I, Espinosa J, Vegar C, Herrero-Turrión MJ, López DE, Gómez-Nieto R, Alberola-Die A. Enhanced Membrane Incorporation of H289Y Mutant GluK1 Receptors from the Audiogenic Seizure-Prone GASH/Sal Model: Functional and Morphological Impacts on Xenopus Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16852. [PMID: 38069190 PMCID: PMC10706347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal excitability, with glutamate playing a key role as the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter involved in seizures. Animal models of epilepsy are crucial in advancing epilepsy research by faithfully replicating the diverse symptoms of this disorder. In particular, the GASH/Sal (genetically audiogenic seizure-prone hamster from Salamanca) model exhibits seizures resembling human generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C9586732T, p.His289Tyr) in the Grik1 gene (which encodes the kainate receptor GluK1) has been previously identified in this strain. The H289Y mutation affects the amino-terminal domain of GluK1, which is related to the subunit assembly and trafficking. We used confocal microscopy in Xenopus oocytes to investigate how the H289Y mutation, compared to the wild type (WT), affects the expression and cell-surface trafficking of GluK1 receptors. Additionally, we employed the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique to examine the functional effects of the H289Y mutation. Our results indicate that this mutation increases the expression and incorporation of GluK1 receptors into an oocyte's membrane, enhancing kainate-evoked currents, without affecting their functional properties. Although further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this epilepsy, the H289Y mutation in GluK1 may be part of the molecular basis underlying the seizure-prone circuitry in the GASH/Sal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Díaz-Rodríguez
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Ivorra
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Javier Espinosa
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Celia Vegar
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - M. Javier Herrero-Turrión
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank INCYL (BTN-INCYL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E. López
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Armando Alberola-Die
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
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21
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Blondiaux A, Jia S, Annamneedi A, Çalışkan G, Nebel J, Montenegro-Venegas C, Wykes RC, Fejtova A, Walker MC, Stork O, Gundelfinger ED, Dityatev A, Seidenbecher CI. Linking epileptic phenotypes and neural extracellular matrix remodeling signatures in mouse models of epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106324. [PMID: 37838005 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are multifaceted neurological disorders characterized by abnormal brain activity, e.g. caused by imbalanced synaptic excitation and inhibition. The neural extracellular matrix (ECM) is dynamically modulated by physiological and pathophysiological activity and critically involved in controlling the brain's excitability. We used different epilepsy models, i.e. mice lacking the presynaptic scaffolding protein Bassoon at excitatory, inhibitory or all synapse types as genetic models for rapidly generalizing early-onset epilepsy, and intra-hippocampal kainate injection, a model for acquired temporal lobe epilepsy, to study the relationship between epileptic seizures and ECM composition. Electroencephalogram recordings revealed Bassoon deletion at excitatory or inhibitory synapses having diverse effects on epilepsy-related phenotypes. While constitutive Bsn mutants and to a lesser extent GABAergic neuron-specific knockouts (BsnDlx5/6cKO) displayed severe epilepsy with more and stronger seizures than kainate-injected animals, mutants lacking Bassoon solely in excitatory forebrain neurons (BsnEmx1cKO) showed only mild impairments. By semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry we show model-specific patterns of neural ECM remodeling, and we also demonstrate significant upregulation of the ECM receptor CD44 in null and BsnDlx5/6cKO mutants. ECM-associated WFA-binding chondroitin sulfates were strongly augmented in seizure models. Strikingly, Brevican, Neurocan, Aggrecan and link proteins Hapln1 and Hapln4 levels reliably predicted seizure properties across models, suggesting a link between ECM state and epileptic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaobo Jia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Magdeburg (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anil Annamneedi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Jana Nebel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Montenegro-Venegas
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Nanomedicine Lab & Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Magdeburg (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Antonic-Baker A, Kwan P, Yan Y, Ma Y. CXCR5 Regulates Neuronal Polarity Development and Migration in the Embryonic Stage via F-Actin Homeostasis and Results in Epilepsy-Related Behavior. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1605-1622. [PMID: 37460877 PMCID: PMC10603003 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurological disorder that has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment and immunity. The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is involved in seizures via an unknown mechanism. Here, we first determined the expression pattern and distribution of the CXCR5 gene in the mouse brain during different stages of development and the brain tissue of patients with epilepsy. Subsequently, we found that the knockdown of CXCR5 increased the susceptibility of mice to pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced seizures, whereas CXCR5 overexpression had the opposite effect. CXCR5 knockdown in mouse embryos via viral vector electrotransfer negatively influenced the motility and multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migratory neurons. Using a human-derived induced an in vitro multipotential stem cell neurodevelopmental model, we determined that CXCR5 regulates neuronal migration and polarization by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton during various stages of neurodevelopment. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of CXCR5 induced neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting in an increased number of seizures. Finally, our results suggested that CXCR5 deficiency triggers seizure-related electrical activity through a previously unknown mechanism, namely, the disruption of neuronal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ana Antonic-Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yin Yan
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yuanlin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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23
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Vukolova MN, Yen LY, Khmyz MI, Sobolevsky AI, Yelshanskaya MV. Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-emerging role of AMPA and kainate subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1252953. [PMID: 38033869 PMCID: PMC10683763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1252953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission and are implicated in various neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of the two fastest iGluRs subtypes, namely, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors, in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although both AMPA and kainate receptors represent promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases, many of their antagonists show adverse side effects. Further studies of factors affecting the selective subunit expression and trafficking of AMPA and kainate receptors, and a reasonable approach to their regulation by the recently identified novel compounds remain promising directions for pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N. Vukolova
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Y. Yen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margarita I. Khmyz
- N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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24
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Ovey IS, Ozsimsek A, Velioglu HA, Altay O, Mardinoglu A, Yulug B. EGb 761 reduces Ca 2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1195303. [PMID: 37744878 PMCID: PMC10516604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1195303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been found to have significant implications in neuronal outgrowth, survival, inflammatory neurogenic pain, and various epileptogenic processes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have a significant impact on epilepsy and its drug-resistant subtypes. Objective We postulated that EGb 761 would modulate TRPA1 channels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a neuroblastoma cell line. Our rationale was to investigate the impact of EGb 761 in a controlled model of pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized epilepsy. Methodology We evaluated the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of EGb 761 both before and after the pentylenetetrazole application in a neuroblastoma cell line. Specifically, we focused on the effects of EGB 761 on the activity of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Results EGb 761 applications both before and after the pentylenetetrazole incubation period reduced Ca release and restored apoptosis, ROS changes, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase levels, suggesting a prominent prophylactic and therapeutic effect of EGb 761 in the pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptogenesis process. Conclusion Our basic mechanistic framework for elucidating the pathophysiological significance of fundamental ion mechanisms in a pentylenetetrazole treated neuroblastoma cell line provided compelling evidence for the favorable efficacy and safety profile of Egb 761 in human-relevant in vitro model of epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the combined effects of EGb 761 and pentylenetetrazole on TRP channels and measure their activation level in a relevant model of human epileptic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishak Suat Ovey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ozlem Altay
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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25
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Swain CC, Wischmeier JN, Neifer AE, Lloyd EAR, Neifer KL, Kile KB, Burkett JP. Hereditary convulsions in an outbred prairie vole line. Epilepsy Res 2023; 195:107202. [PMID: 37540927 PMCID: PMC10529651 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy are significantly burdened by the disease due to long-term health risks, the severe side effect profiles of anti-epileptic drugs, and the strong possibility of pharmacoresistant refractory seizures. New animal models of epilepsy with unique characteristics promise to further research to address these ongoing problems. Here, we characterize a newly developed line of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster, UTol:HIC or "Toledo" line) that presents with a hereditary, adult-onset, handling-induced convulsion phenotype. Toledo voles were bred for four generations and tested to determine whether the observed phenotype was consistent with epileptic seizures. Toledo voles maintained a stable 22 % incidence of convulsions across generations, with an average age of onset of 12-16 weeks. Convulsions in Toledo voles were reliably evoked by rodent seizure screens and were phenotypically consistent with murine seizures. At the colony level, Toledo voles had a 7-fold increase in risk for sudden unexpected death from unknown causes, which parallels sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in human patients. Finally, convulsions in Toledo voles were reduced or prevented by treatment with the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam. Taken in combination, these results suggest that convulsions in Toledo voles may be epileptic seizures. The Toledo prairie vole strain may serve as a new rodent model of epilepsy in an undomesticated, outbred species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Swain
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - James N Wischmeier
- University of Toledo College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Asha E Neifer
- University of Toledo College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | | | - Kari L Neifer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kara B Kile
- Department of Physics, University of Toledo College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - James P Burkett
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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26
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Che Has AT. The applications of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus: 40 years of progress (1983-2023). Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114551. [PMID: 37348654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurological disorder that can result in various neuropathological conditions and presentations. Various studies involving animal models have been accomplished to understand and replicating its prominent manifestations including characteristics of related clinical cases. Up to these days, there are variety of methods and techniques to be utilized in inducing this disorder that can be chemically or electrically applied which depending on the experimental designs and targets of the studies. In particular, the chemically induced pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a reliable choice which has evolved for 40 years from its initial discovery back in 1983. Although the development of the model can be considered as a remarkable breakthrough in understanding status epilepticus, several aspects of the model have been improved, throughout the years. Among the major issues in developing this model are the morbidity and mortality rates during induction process. Several modifications have been introduced in the process by different studies to tackle the related problems including application of dose fractionation, adaptation of pilocarpine to lithium-pilocarpine model and utilization of various drugs. Despite all challenges and drawbacks, this model has proven its pertinent and relevance with improvements that have been adapted since it was introduced 40 years ago. In this review, we emphasize on the evolution of this animal model from the beginning until now (1983 - 2023) and the related issues that have made this model still a popular choice in status epilepticus studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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27
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Szep D, Dittrich B, Gorbe A, Szentpeteri JL, Aly N, Jin M, Budan F, Sik A. A comparative study to optimize experimental conditions of pentylenetetrazol and pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in zebrafish larvae. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288904. [PMID: 37506089 PMCID: PMC10381053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A common way to investigate epilepsy and the effect of antiepileptic pharmaceuticals is to analyze the movement patterns of zebrafish larvae treated with different convulsants like pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine, etc. Many articles have been written on this topic, but the research methods and exact settings are not sufficiently defined in most. Here we designed and executed a series of experiments to optimize and standardize the zebrafish epilepsy model. We found that during the light and the dark trials, the zebrafish larvae moved significantly more in the light, independent of the treatment, both in PTZ and pilocarpine-treated and the control groups. As expected, zebrafish larvae treated with convulsants moved significantly more than the ones in the control group, although this difference was higher between the individuals treated with PTZ than pilocarpine. When examining the optimal observation time, we divided the half-hour period into 5-minute time intervals, and between these, the first 5 minutes were found to be the most different from the others. There were fewer significant differences in the total movement of larvae between the other time intervals. We also performed a linear regression analysis with the cumulative values of the distance moved during the time intervals that fit the straight line. In conclusion, we recommend 30 minutes of drug pretreatment followed by a 10-minute test in light conditions with a 5-minute accommodation time. Our result paves the way toward improved experimental designs using zebrafish to develop novel pharmaceutical approaches to treat epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szep
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bianka Dittrich
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Aniko Gorbe
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef L Szentpeteri
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nour Aly
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ferenc Budan
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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28
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Heiland M, Connolly NMC, Mamad O, Nguyen NT, Kesavan JC, Langa E, Fanning K, Sanfeliu A, Yan Y, Su J, Venø MT, Costard LS, Neubert V, Engel T, Hill TDM, Freiman TM, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK, Rosenow F, Bauer S, Kjems J, Morris G, Henshall DC. MicroRNA-335-5p suppresses voltage-gated sodium channel expression and may be a target for seizure control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216658120. [PMID: 37463203 PMCID: PMC10372546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for new therapies for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Sodium channel blockers are effective for seizure control in common forms of epilepsy, but loss of sodium channel function underlies some genetic forms of epilepsy. Approaches that provide bidirectional control of sodium channel expression are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which negatively regulate gene expression. Here we show that genome-wide miRNA screening of hippocampal tissue from a rat epilepsy model, mice treated with the antiseizure medicine cannabidiol, and plasma from patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, converge on a single target-miR-335-5p. Pathway analysis on predicted and validated miR-335-5p targets identified multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotides against miR-335-5p resulted in upregulation of Scn1a, Scn2a, and Scn3a in the mouse brain and an increased action potential rising phase and greater excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slice recordings, consistent with VGSCs as functional targets of miR-335-5p. Blocking miR-335-5p also increased voltage-gated sodium currents and SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Inhibition of miR-335-5p increased susceptibility to tonic-clonic seizures in the pentylenetetrazol seizure model, whereas adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of miR-335-5p reduced seizure severity and improved survival. These studies suggest modulation of miR-335-5p may be a means to regulate VGSCs and affect neuronal excitability and seizures. Changes to miR-335-5p may reflect compensatory mechanisms to control excitability and could provide biomarker or therapeutic strategies for different types of treatment-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. C. Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Omar Mamad
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ngoc T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jaideep C. Kesavan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Elena Langa
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kevin Fanning
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Albert Sanfeliu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lara S. Costard
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas D. M. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock18057, Germany
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University, BelfastBT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gareth Morris
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
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Alraddadi EA, Khojah AM, Alamri FF, Kecheck HK, Altaf WF, Khouqeer Y. Potential role of creatine as an anticonvulsant agent: evidence from preclinical studies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1201971. [PMID: 37456992 PMCID: PMC10339234 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting people of all ages representing a significant social and public health burden. Current therapeutic options for epilepsy are not effective in a significant proportion of patients suggesting a need for identifying novel targets for the development of more effective therapeutics. There is growing evidence from animal and human studies suggesting a role of impaired brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of epilepsy. Candidate compounds with the potential to target brain energetics have promising future in the management of epilepsy and other related neurological disorders. Creatine is a naturally occurring organic compound that serves as an energy buffer and energy shuttle in tissues, such as brain and skeletal muscle, that exhibit dynamic energy requirements. In this review, applications of creatine supplements in neurological conditions in which mitochondrial dysfunction is a central component in its pathology will be discussed. Currently, limited evidence mainly from preclinical animal studies suggest anticonvulsant properties of creatine; however, the exact mechanism remain to be elucidated. Future work should involve larger clinical trials of creatine used as an add-on therapy, followed by large clinical trials of creatine as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Alraddadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Khojah
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F. Alamri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husun K. Kecheck
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wid F. Altaf
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Khouqeer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ryazanova MA, Plekanchuk VS, Prokudina OI, Makovka YV, Alekhina TA, Redina OE, Markel AL. Animal Models of Hypertension (ISIAH Rats), Catatonia (GC Rats), and Audiogenic Epilepsy (PM Rats) Developed by Breeding. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1814. [PMID: 37509453 PMCID: PMC10376947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into genetic and physiological mechanisms of widespread disorders such as arterial hypertension as well as neuropsychiatric and other human diseases is urgently needed in academic and practical medicine and in the field of biology. Nevertheless, such studies have many limitations and pose difficulties that can be overcome by using animal models. To date, for the purposes of creating animal models of human pathologies, several approaches have been used: pharmacological/chemical intervention; surgical procedures; genetic technologies for creating transgenic animals, knockouts, or knockdowns; and breeding. Although some of these approaches are good for certain research aims, they have many drawbacks, the greatest being a strong perturbation (in a biological system) that, along with the expected effect, exerts side effects in the study. Therefore, for investigating the pathogenesis of a disease, models obtained using genetic selection for a target trait are of high value as this approach allows for the creation of a model with a "natural" manifestation of the pathology. In this review, three rat models are described: ISIAH rats (arterial hypertension), GC rats (catatonia), and PM rats (audiogenic epilepsy), which are developed by breeding in the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Ryazanova
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladislava S Plekanchuk
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I Prokudina
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulia V Makovka
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Alekhina
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga E Redina
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arcady L Markel
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Brun L, Borloz E, Felix MS, Louis Durand J, Villard L. Ultrasound-induced seizures in a mouse model of KCNQ2-NEO-DEE. Epilepsy Res 2023; 193:107160. [PMID: 37187037 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE KCNQ2 neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (NEO-DEE) is characterized by intractable seizures accompanied by an abnormal neurodevelopment. In a mouse model of NEO-DEE carrying the p.(Thr274Met) variant of Kcnq2, spontaneous generalized seizures occur unexpectedly preventing controlled studies and highlighting the necessity for a customized setup to trigger seizures on demand. We aimed to obtain a stable and objective read-out to control the efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs or to test seizure susceptibility. We developed a protocol to trigger ultrasound-induced seizures (UIS) on demand in this model. METHODS We tested the ability of our protocol to induce seizures at four developmental stages in the Kcnq2p.(Thr274Met/+) mouse model. We mapped the activated brain regions using c-fos protein labeling 2 h after seizure induction. RESULTS We show that the UIS have the same phenotypic expression and the same severity as spontaneous generalized seizures (SGS) in the Kcnq2-NEO-DEE mouse model. The developmental period during which mice exhibit SGS corresponds to the period during which Kcnq2p.(Thr274Met/+) mice are the most susceptible to US. C-fos labeling reveals a subset of 6 brain regions activated 2 h after the induction of the seizure. The same regions were identified in the context of seizure induction in other rodent models. CONCLUSION This study provides a non-invasive and easy to use method to induce seizures in a Kcnq2-NEO-DEE mouse model and documents early neuronal activation in specific brain regions. This method can be used to test the efficacy of new antiepileptic approaches for this intractable form of genetic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Brun
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Villard
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, AP-HM, Hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France.
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Moezi L, Pirsalami F, Dastgheib M, Oftadehgan S, Purkhosrow A, Sattarinezhad E. Acute and Sub-chronic Anticonvulsant Effects of Edaravone on Seizure Induced by Pentylenetetrazole or Electroshock in Mice, Nitric Oxide Involvement. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:329-340. [PMID: 37791336 PMCID: PMC10542921 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.94177.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Edaravone is an anti-stroke medication that may have nitric oxide (NO) modulating properties. This study evaluated the role of NO in the acute and sub-chronic anticonvulsant effects of edaravone in murine models of seizures induced by intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or electroshock (maximal electroshock seizure [MES]). Methods 132 male albino mice were randomly divided into 22 groups (n=6) and given IP injections of vehicle or edaravone either acutely or for eight days (sub-chronically). The seizure was induced by electroshock or PTZ (IP or IV). The following edaravone doses were used: 7.5, 10, 12.5 (acute); 5, 7.5, 10 (sub-chronic) in IP PTZ model; 5, 7.5, 10 in IV PTZ model; and 5, 10 mg/Kg in the MES. To evaluate NO involvement, 216 mice were randomly divided into 36 groups (n=6) and pretreated with vehicle, edaravone, a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor: N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (5 mg/Kg), a specific nNOS inhibitor: 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (60 mg/Kg), or a combination of edaravone plus L-NAME or 7-NI, either acutely or for eight days before seizure induction. Doses of edaravone were as follows: in IP PTZ model: 12.5 (acute) and 10 (sub-chronic); in IV PTZ model: 10; and in the MES: 5 mg/Kg. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (SPSS 18). P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the IP PTZ model, edaravone increased time latencies to seizures (P<0.001), prevented tonic seizures, and death. Edaravone increased the seizure threshold (P<0.001) in the IV PTZ model and shortened the duration of tonic hind-limb extension (THE) in the MES model (P<0.001). In comparison to mice treated with edaravone alone, adding L-NAME or 7-NI reduced seizure time latencies (P<0.001), reduced seizure threshold (P<0.001), and increased THE duration (P<0.001). Conclusion Edaravone (acute or sub-chronic) could prevent seizures by modulating NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Moezi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatema Pirsalami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Dastgheib
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Oftadehgan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Purkhosrow
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Sattarinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Komoltsev I, Salyp O, Volkova A, Bashkatova D, Shirobokova N, Frankevich S, Shalneva D, Kostyunina O, Chizhova O, Kostrukov P, Novikova M, Gulyaeva N. Posttraumatic and Idiopathic Spike-Wave Discharges in Rats: Discrimination by Morphology and Thalamus Involvement. Neurol Int 2023; 15:609-621. [PMID: 37218977 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of epileptiform activity generation by the thalamocortical neuronal network after focal brain injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is actively debated. Presumably, posttraumatic spike-wave discharges (SWDs) involve a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. Differentiation of posttraumatic and idiopathic (i.e., spontaneously generated) SWDs is imperative for understanding posttraumatic epileptogenic mechanisms. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats with electrodes implanted into the somatosensory cortex and the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus. Local field potentials were recorded for 7 days before and 7 days after TBI (lateral fluid percussion injury, 2.5 atm). The morphology of 365 SWDs (89 idiopathic before craniotomy, and 262 posttraumatic that appeared only after TBI) and their appearance in the thalamus were analyzed. The occurrence of SWDs in the thalamus determined their spike-wave form and bilateral lateralization in the neocortex. Posttraumatic discharges were characterized by more "mature" characteristics as compared to spontaneously generated discharges: higher proportions of bilateral spreading, well-defined spike-wave form, and thalamus involvement. Based on SWD parameters, the etiology could be established with an accuracy of 75% (AUC 0.79). Our results support the hypothesis that the formation of posttraumatic SWDs involves a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. The results form a basis for further research of mechanisms associated with posttraumatic epileptiform activity and epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Komoltsev
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow 115419, Russia
| | - Olga Salyp
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Volkova
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Daria Bashkatova
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Natalia Shirobokova
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Stepan Frankevich
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow 115419, Russia
| | - Daria Shalneva
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Olga Kostyunina
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Olesya Chizhova
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Pavel Kostrukov
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Margarita Novikova
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Natalia Gulyaeva
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow 115419, Russia
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El-Nahas AE, Elbedaiwy HM, Masoud IM, Aly RG, Helmy MW, El-Kamel AH. Berberine-loaded zein/hyaluronic acid composite nanoparticles for efficient brain uptake to alleviate neuro-degeneration in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00088-7. [PMID: 37068561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride is a plant alkaloid with versatile medicinal applications, yet it has suffered from multiple limitations in its usage. Nonetheless, the acknowledged role of berberine in controlling seizures has fuelled the need to develop a nanosystem capable of delivering it safely and efficiently to the brain. Consequently, zein and hyaluronic acid were chosen for this purpose, and about twenty formulations with different preliminary factors were screened. Afterward, three promising formulations were loaded with berberine and characterized to select an optimum formulation for further in vivo inspection. The B2 formula of particle size of 297.2 nm ± 1.86 and % entrapment efficiency of 83.75% ± 1.39 has succeeded in the increment of the brain uptake of berberine. Moreover, compared to free berberine suspension, the severity of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats was depleted after the subcutaneous administration of B2. The hippocampal tissue of rats receiving B2 showed signs of reduced neuro-degeneration, remarkably lower expression levels of COX-2 and TNF-α, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Finally, the relative safety of the developed system was determined after searching for any sign of intoxication or behavioral changes. In conclusion, the developed berberine loaded composite nanoparticles successfully delivered berberine across the BBB securely to ameliorate the deteriorating impact of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira E El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elbedaiwy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Inas M Masoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Salile SS, Lee HJ, Alberts PSF, Abula T, Raimondo JV, Stafford GI. In vitro and in vivo anti-seizure activity of hydromethanolic extract and fractions of Pterolobium stellatum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116073. [PMID: 36543277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Ethiopia, the whole plant juice of Pterolobium stellatum is used to treat seizures and epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antiseizure activity of hydromethanolic crude extract and fractions collected from leaves of P. stellatum using both in vitro, and in vivo seizure models in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh leaves of P. stellatum were collected from Awash Melka, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An 80% crude methanol extract was further fractionated to produce petroleum ether, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous fractions. Anti-seizure activity of the crude extract and fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, butanol, and water) were assessed at a concentration of 0.7 mg/ml using the in vitro 0 Mg2+ model of seizures in mouse brain slices prepared from 14- to 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure model for seizures were performed on male BALB/c mice using 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of crude 80% methanol extract, as well as the four fractions described above. Diazepam and phenytoin were used as positive controls for PTZ and MES test respectively. RESULTS Addition of 0.7 mg/ml of crude 80% methanol extract of P. stellatum prevented the onset of SLEs in most brain slices in the 0 Mg2+in vitro model of seizures, with similar efficacy to diazepam (3 μM). The same extract at 400 and 800 mg/kg was efficacious in reducing the hindlimb extension time in the MES model and delaying the onset of myoclonic convulsions in the PTZ model, although not to the same extent as phenytoin (10 mg/kg) or diazepam (5 mg/kg). The chloroform and water fractions of the crude extract also showed significant anti-seizure activity across all three models whilst the non-polar petroleum ether and butanol fractions did not. The UPLC-MS analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, myricitrin, isoquercitrin and quercitirin in the crude extract. Gallic acid and ellagic acid were observed in chloroform fraction and in the water fraction ellagic acid, kaempferol, myricitrin and isoquercitrin were detected. CONCLUSION The crude hydromethanolic extract of P. stellatum has significant anti-seizure activity. The chloroform and aqueous fractions have antiseizure activity. The extracts have previously identified compounds with anticonvulsant activity which indicates the antiseizure potential of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sahile Salile
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Hamin John Lee
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Sewes Frederick Alberts
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Teferra Abula
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph Valentino Raimondo
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gary Ivan Stafford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Goldenberg AM, Schmidt S, Mitelman R, Levy DR, Prigge M, Katz Y, Yizhar O, Beck H, Lampl I. Localized chemogenetic silencing of inhibitory neurons: a novel mouse model of focal cortical epileptic activity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2838-2856. [PMID: 35788286 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical epilepsies are frequently refractory to available anticonvulsant drug therapies. One key factor contributing to this state is the limited availability of animal models that allow to reliably study focal cortical seizures and how they recruit surrounding brain areas in vivo. In this study, we selectively expressed the inhibitory chemogenetic receptor, hM4D, in GABAergic neurons in focal cortical areas using viral gene transfer. GABAergic silencing using Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO) demonstrated reliable induction of local epileptiform events in the electroencephalogram signal of awake freely moving mice. Anesthetized mice experiments showed consistent induction of focal epileptiform-events in both the barrel cortex (BC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), accompanied by high-frequency oscillations, a known characteristic of human seizures. Epileptiform-events showed propagation indication with favored propagation pathways: from the BC on 1 hemisphere to its counterpart and from the BC to the mPFC, but not vice-versa. Lastly, sensory whisker-pad stimulation evoked BC epileptiform events post-CNO, highlighting the potential use of this model in studying sensory-evoked seizures. Combined, our results show that targeted chemogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons using hM4D can serve as a novel, versatile, and reliable model of focal cortical epileptic activity suitable for systematically studying cortical ictogenesis in different cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Miriam Goldenberg
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Rea Mitelman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dana Rubi Levy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matthias Prigge
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonatan Katz
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Heinz Beck
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Ilan Lampl
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Proteomic and Bioinformatic Tools to Identify Potential Hub Proteins in the Audiogenic Seizure-Prone Hamster GASH/Sal. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061048. [PMID: 36980356 PMCID: PMC10047193 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The GASH/Sal (Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster, Salamanca) is a model of audiogenic seizures with the epileptogenic focus localized in the inferior colliculus (IC). The sound-induced seizures exhibit a short latency (7–9 s), which implies innate protein disturbances in the IC as a basis for seizure susceptibility and generation. Here, we aim to study the protein profile in the GASH/Sal IC in comparison to controls. Protein samples from the IC were processed for enzymatic digestion and then analyzed by mass spectrometry in Data-Independent Acquisition mode. After identifying the proteins using the UniProt database, we selected those with differential expression and performed ontological analyses, as well as gene-protein interaction studies using bioinformatics tools. We identified 5254 proteins; among them, 184 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 126 upregulated and 58 downregulated proteins, and 10 of the DEPs directly related to epilepsy. Moreover, 12 and 7 proteins were uniquely found in the GASH/Sal or the control. The results indicated a protein profile alteration in the epileptogenic nucleus that might underlie the inborn occurring audiogenic seizures in the GASH/Sal model. In summary, this study supports the use of bioinformatics methods in proteomics to delve into the relationship between molecular-level protein mechanisms and the pathobiology of rodent models of audiogenic seizures.
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Joyal KG, Petrucci AN, Littlepage-Saunders MV, Boodhoo NA, Wendt LH, Buchanan GF. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and 5-HT 2 Receptor Agonists Have Distinct, Sleep-state Dependent Effects on Postictal Breathing in Amygdala Kindled Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 513:76-95. [PMID: 36702372 PMCID: PMC9974756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Seizures can cause profound breathing disruptions. Seizures arising from sleep cause greater breathing impairment than those emerging from wakefulness and more often result in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a major role in respiration and sleep-wake regulation. 5-HT modulates seizure susceptibility and severity and is dysregulated by seizures. Thus, the impact of seizures on breathing dysregulation may be due to impaired 5-HT neurotransmission. We examined whether pharmacologically increasing 5-HT neurotransmission prior to seizures improves postictal breathing and how sleep-state during seizure induction contributes to these effects. We assessed breathing with whole-body plethysmography in 84 amygdala-kindled mice pre-treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or 5-HT2 receptor agonists. SSRIs and 5-HT2 agonists increased postictal breathing frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (VE) at different timepoints following seizures induced during wakefulness. These effects were not observed following seizures induced during NREM sleep. SSRIs suppressed ictal and postictal apnea regardless of sleep state. The SSRI citalopram and the 5-HT2 agonists TCB-2 and MK-212 decreased breathing variability following wake-occurring seizures at different postictal timepoints. Only MK-212 decreased breathing variability when seizures were induced during NREM sleep. The 5-HT2A antagonist MDL-11939 reduced the effect of citalopram on fR, VT, and VE, and enhanced its effect on breathing variability in the initial period following a seizure. These results suggest that 5-HT mechanisms that are dependent on or independent from the 5-HT2 family of receptors impact breathing on different timescales during the recovery of eupnea, and that certain serotonergic treatments may be less effective at facilitating postictal breathing following seizures emerging from sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn G Joyal
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Alexandra N Petrucci
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mydirah V Littlepage-Saunders
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Nicole A Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Linder H Wendt
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Adassi MB, Ngoupaye GT, Yassi FB, Foutsop AF, Kom TD, Ngo Bum E. Revealing the most effective anticonvulsant part of Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. Ex Cav. and its acute and sub-acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115995. [PMID: 36509255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Different parts of Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. Ex Cav. (M. arboreus) are traditionally used in the West Region of Cameroon to treat many diseases, including epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine which part of M. arboreus offers the best anticonvulsant effect, and to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the part of interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS the anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous lyophilisate of the decoction of flowers, leaves, stems and roots of M. arboreus at various doses was evaluated and compared on the model of acute epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (70 mg/kg), injected 1 h after oral administration of the various extracts. Out of these plant parts, the leaves were then selected to prepare the hydroethanolic extract and its anticonvulsant effect against PTZ at the doses of 122.5, 245 and 490 mg/kg, as well as its acute toxicity were compared with those of the aqueous lyophilisate of the leaves. The anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous lyophilisate of M. arboreus leaves was further evaluated on models of acute epileptic seizures induced by picrotoxin (PIC) (7.5 mg/kg), strychnine (STR) (2.5 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (350 mg/kg). The 28 days sub-acute toxicity, as well as the quantitative phytochemistry and the in vitro antioxidant potential (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS+) of the aqueous lyophilisate of the leaves of M. arboreus were also evaluated. RESULTS M. arboreus leaves showed the best anticonvulsant effect and the aqueous lyophilisate was the best extract. The latter significantly protected the animals against convulsions induced by PTZ (71.43%) (p < 0.01), PIC (57.14%) (p < 0.05) and STR (42%) and had no effect on pilocarpine-induced seizures. Furthermore, it showed no acute or sub-acute toxicity, and revealed a high content of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids, and antioxidant activity in vitro. CONCLUSION The aqueous lyophilisate of the leaves of M. arboreus offers the best anticonvulsant effect on the extraction solvent used, and it would act mainly via a potentiation of the inhibitory systems of the brain (GABA, Glycine). In addition, its richness in bioactive compounds gives it an antioxidant potential, and it is not toxic in acute and sub-acute toxicity. All this justifies at least in part its empirical uses, and makes M. arboreus a candidate for the alternative treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Blesdel Adassi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Francis Bray Yassi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box, Ngaoundéré, 454, Cameroon
| | - Aurelien Fossueh Foutsop
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Tatiana Diebo Kom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
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Stem bark chloroform extract of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet exhibit anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:233-247. [PMID: 36220462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at evaluating the potentials of stem bark extracts of Bombax costatum (B. costatum) on seizure, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling and associated changes in wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phase 1 evaluated which extract of B. costatum (chloroform, ethanol and n-hexane) is most effective in preventing seizure in acute PTZ-induced (85mg/kg) seizure in rats. Phase 2 evaluated the potentials of stem bark chloroform extract of B. costatum in PTZ-kindled rats at a dose 250 and 500mg/kg in comparison to diazepam. As its effects on memory, oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters and brain histology were evaluated. Phase 3 determined the probable curative effects of B. costatum on fully kindled rats. RESULTS In phase 1, Chloroform extract of B. coststum 500mg/kg is the most effective (P<0.05) in preventing seizure as compared to ethanol and n-hexane extracts. In phase 2, chloroform extract of B. costatum delayed the development of kindling, improved kindling associated cognitive impairment and alterations of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Further, it attenuated oxidative stress besides the maintenance of neuronal architecture of the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Conclusively, chloroform stem bark extract of B. costatum antagonizes PTZ-induced seizure progression, protects against kindling induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress. Additionally, it also increases the brain level of GABA at high dose and prevented against kindling-induced hippocampal disruptions. Hence, this justifies its use traditionally in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Andolfi A, Arnaldi P, Lisa DD, Pepe S, Frega M, Fassio A, Lagazzo A, Martinoia S, Pastorino L. A micropatterned thermoplasmonic substrate for neuromodulation of in vitro neuronal networks. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:281-291. [PMID: 36563774 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the spatial organization of a neural network affects its activity represents a leading issue in neuroscience. Thanks to their accessibility and easy handling, in vitro studies remain an essential tool to investigate the relationship between the structure and function of a neuronal network. Among all the patterning techniques, ink-jet printing acquired great interest thanks to its direct-write approach, which allows the patterned substrate realization without mold, leading to a considerable saving of both cost and time. However, the inks commonly used give the possibility to control only the structure of a neuronal network, leaving aside the functional aspect. In this work, we synthesize a photosensitive ink combining the rheological and bioadhesive properties of chitosan with the plasmonic properties of gold nanorods, obtaining an ink able to control both the spatial organization of a two-dimensional neuronal network and its activity through photothermal effect. After the ink characterization, we demonstrate that it is possible to print, with high precision, different geometries on a microelectrode array. In this way, it is possible obtaining a patterned device to control the structure of a neuronal network, to record its activity and to modulate it via photothermal effect. Finally, to our knowledge, we report the first evidence of photothermal inhibition of human neurons activity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Patterned cell cultures remain the most efficient and simple tool for linking structural and functional studies, especially in the neuronal field. Ink-jet printing is the technique with which it is possible to realize patterned structures in the fastest, simple, versatile and low-cost way. However, the inks currently used permit the control only of the neuronal network structure but do not allow the control-modulation of the network activity. In this study, we realize and characterize a photosensitive bioink with which it is possible to drive both the structure and the activity of a neuronal network. Moreover, we report the first evidence of activity inhibition by the photothermal effect on human neurons as far as we know.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Andolfi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Pietro Arnaldi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Sara Pepe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna Fassio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alberto Lagazzo
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Alpha-Pinene Exerts Antiseizure Effects by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Induced by Kainate. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3227-3238. [PMID: 36840843 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis following seizures play pivotal roles in the consequences of repeated seizures. Beneficial effects of alpha-pinene (APN) have been reported in some experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced by kainic acid (KA) has remained unexplored. We aimed to explore the possible antiseizure effects of APN pretreatment and underlying molecular mechanisms in a rat model of TLE induced by KA. TLE was induced in male Wistar rats by intracerebroventricular injection of KA. APN at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day was intraperitoneally injected for 2 weeks before induction of TLE. One day after the induction of TLE, behavioral expressions of seizure were recorded and scored using Racine's scale. Furthermore, the hippocampal levels of oxidative stress markers, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels were also assessed. Histopathological assessment in the hippocampus was performed with Nissl staining 5 days following induction of TLE. The results revealed that APN pretreatment alleviated epileptic seizures, diminished oxidative stress indicators, blocked the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via decreasing BAX and raising BCL2 protein levels in the hippocampus at least partly through inhibiting JNK activity, and decreased neuronal death in the CA3 and hilus regions. These findings reveal that APN pretreatment mitigates KA-induced seizures by blocking oxidative stress and neuronal damage factors. It can be concluded that APN has a potent potential to be considered an antiseizure medication, but it needs further investigation.
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Chen Y, Holland KD, Shertzer HG, Nebert DW, Dalton TP. Fatal Epileptic Seizures in Mice Having Compromised Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020448. [PMID: 36830006 PMCID: PMC9952205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) are the two most abundant low-molecular-weight antioxidants in mammalian tissues. GclmKO knockout mice lack the gene encoding the modifier subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis; GclmKO mice exhibit 10-40% of normal tissue GSH levels and show no overt phenotype. GuloKO knockout mice, lacking a functional Gulo gene encoding L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, cannot synthesize AA and depend on dietary ascorbic acid for survival. To elucidate functional crosstalk between GSH and AA in vivo, we generated the GclmKO/GuloKO double-knockout (DKO) mouse. DKO mice exhibited spontaneous epileptic seizures, proceeding to death between postnatal day (PND)14 and PND23. Histologically, DKO mice displayed neuronal loss and glial proliferation in the neocortex and hippocampus. Epileptic seizures and brain pathology in young DKO mice could be prevented with AA supplementation in drinking water (1 g/L). Remarkably, in AA-rescued adult DKO mice, the removal of AA supplementation for 2-3 weeks resulted in similar, but more severe, neocortex and hippocampal pathology and seizures, with death occurring between 12 and 21 days later. These results provide direct evidence for an indispensable, yet underappreciated, role for the interplay between GSH and AA in normal brain function and neuronal health. We speculate that the functional crosstalk between GSH and AA plays an important role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and in protecting against excitotoxicity-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-785-4694; Fax: +1-203-724-6023
| | - Katherine D. Holland
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Howard G. Shertzer
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel W. Nebert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy P. Dalton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Wan Y, Morikawa M, Morikawa M, Iwata S, Naseer MI, Ahmed Chaudhary AG, Tanaka Y, Hirokawa N. KIF4 regulates neuronal morphology and seizure susceptibility via the PARP1 signaling pathway. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208108. [PMID: 36482480 PMCID: PMC9735414 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease worldwide, and one of its causes is genetic abnormalities. Here, we identified a point mutation in KIF4A, a member of kinesin superfamily molecular motors, in patients with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. KIF4 is involved in the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) signaling pathway, and the mutation (R728Q) strengthened its affinity with PARP1 through elongation of the KIF4 coiled-coil domain. Behavioral tests showed that KIF4-mutant mice exhibited mild developmental delay with lower seizure threshold. Further experiments revealed that the KIF4 mutation caused aberrant morphology in dendrites and spines of hippocampal pyramidal neurons through PARP1-TrkB-KCC2 pathway. Furthermore, supplementing NAD, which activates PARP1, could modulate the TrkB-KCC2 pathway and rescue the seizure susceptibility phenotype of the mutant mice. Therefore, these findings indicate that KIF4 is engaged in a fundamental mechanism regulating seizure susceptibility and could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Manatsu Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ayala-Guerrero F, Castro-Domínguez D, Mateos-Salgado EL, Mexicano-Medina G, Gutiérrez-Chávez CA. Effect of valproate on sleep patterns disturbed by epilepsy. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114054. [PMID: 36502893 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nocturnal epilepsy is a neurological disease that has a significant effect on sleep. Various treatments have been implemented to help mitigate these effects and improve patients' quality of life. The use of experimental animal models for epilepsy has facilitated efficacy assessment and the development of different medications to treat the symptoms of this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of valproate on sleep patterns altered by epilepsy. Chronically implanted Wistar rats were used to study sleep patterns over three consecutive days under different experimental conditions. The animals were separated into two groups. The first day was considered the control recording; on the second day, one group received pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) alone, and the other group received valproate prior to induction of convulsive seizures with PTZ administration. The results show that in addition to its antiepileptic effect, valproate has hypnotic properties. It is considered to facilitate the action of GABAergic mechanisms to mitigate the effect of convulsive seizures and increase the occurrence of sleep.
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Sivarajan D, Ramachandran B. Antibiotics modulate frequency and early generation of epileptic seizures in zebrafish. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:571-583. [PMID: 36625966 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been used for decades to treat various bacterial infections. Apart from bactericidal activities, their potential side effects have not been much studied or evaluated. Neurotoxicity is a major concern in the case of β-lactam and fluoroquinolone families, which can result in convulsions or seizures. Here, we proposed a hypothesis to check whether antibiotic treatment can conclusively enhance anxiety-like behaviours and how seizure behavioural profile gets modulated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-treated zebrafish. Zebrafish were treated with selected antibiotics such as 25 mg/L Penicillin G (PG) and Ciprofloxacin (CPFX), for 7 days and thereafter exposed to PTZ (7.5 mM) for 20 min. The data indicate that PG and CPFX-treated groups exhibited anxiety-like or stressed behavioural phenotypes in the novel tank test (6 min), and also, they were found to promote hyperactivity. Early onset of PTZ-induced seizure-like behavioural scores, the heightened intensity of seizure and reduced latency in different scores were found in PG and CPFX-administered groups. This study substantiates that PG and CPFX as potential seizure modulators in zebrafish. The zebrafish is a well-established and still expanding model organism in many fields. Here, we again reinforce zebrafish as a prominent model to investigate seizure-like neuro-behavioural entities and confirm that chronic antibiotic use has negative consequences that can exacerbate the circumstances of vertebrate species exhibiting seizure-related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanusha Sivarajan
- Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, Kerala, 680125, India
| | - Binu Ramachandran
- Neuronal Plasticity Group, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
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García-García L, Gomez F, Delgado M, Fernández de la Rosa R, Pozo MÁ. The vasodilator naftidrofuryl attenuates short-term brain glucose hypometabolism in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus without providing neuroprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175453. [PMID: 36516936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) triggered by lithium-pilocarpine is a model of epileptogenesis widely used in rats, reproducing many of the pathological features of human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). After the SE, a silent period takes place that precedes the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous seizures. This latent stage is characterized by brain glucose hypometabolism and intense neuronal damage, especially at the hippocampus. Importantly, interictal hypometabolism in humans is a predictive marker of epileptogenesis, being correlated to the extent and severity of neuronal damage. Among the potential mechanisms underpinning glucose metabolism impairment and the subsequent brain damage, a reduction of cerebral blood flow has been proposed. Accordingly, our goal was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of naftidrofuryl (25 mg/kg i.p., twice after the insult), a vasodilator drug currently used for circulatory insufficiency-related pathologies. Thus, we measured the effects of naftidrofuryl on the short-term brain hypometabolism and hippocampal damage induced by SE in rats. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging along with various neurohistochemical assays aimed to assess brain damage were performed. SE led to both severe glucose hypometabolism in key epilepsy-related areas and hippocampal neuronal damage. Although naftidrofuryl showed no anticonvulsant properties, it ameliorated the short-term brain hypometabolism induced by pilocarpine. Strikingly, the latter was neither accompanied by neuroprotective nor by anti-inflammatory effects. We suggest that naftidrofuryl, by acutely enhancing brain blood flow around the time of SE improves the brain metabolic state but this effect is not enough to protect from the damage induced by SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Fernández de la Rosa
- Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; BIOIMAC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Bauer J, Devinsky O, Rothermel M, Koch H. Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy mouse models with implications for SUDEP research. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1040648. [PMID: 36686527 PMCID: PMC9853197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy has a high prevalence and can severely impair quality of life and increase the risk of premature death. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in drug-resistant epilepsy and most often results from respiratory and cardiac impairments due to brainstem dysfunction. Epileptic activity can spread widely, influencing neuronal activity in regions outside the epileptic network. The brainstem controls cardiorespiratory activity and arousal and reciprocally connects to cortical, diencephalic, and spinal cord areas. Epileptic activity can propagate trans-synaptically or via spreading depression (SD) to alter brainstem functions and cause cardiorespiratory dysfunction. The mechanisms by which seizures propagate to or otherwise impair brainstem function and trigger the cascading effects that cause SUDEP are poorly understood. We review insights from mouse models combined with new techniques to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy and SUDEP. These techniques include in vivo, ex vivo, invasive and non-invasive methods in anesthetized and awake mice. Optogenetics combined with electrophysiological and optical manipulation and recording methods offer unique opportunities to study neuronal mechanisms under normal conditions, during and after non-fatal seizures, and in SUDEP. These combined approaches can advance our understanding of brainstem pathophysiology associated with seizures and SUDEP and may suggest strategies to prevent SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bauer
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,*Correspondence: Henner Koch ✉
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A Comprehensive Review on Anti-Inflammatory Response of Flavonoids in Experimentally-Induced Epileptic Seizures. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010102. [PMID: 36672083 PMCID: PMC9856497 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds with phenolic structure, are becoming popular as alternative medicines obtained from plants. These compounds are reported to have various pharmacological properties, including attenuation of inflammatory responses in multiple health issues. Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system implicated with the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the brain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the role of various neuroinflammatory mediators in the onset and progression of epilepsy, and, thereafter, to discuss the flavonoids and their classes, including their biological properties. Further, we highlighted the modulation of anti-inflammatory responses achieved by these substances in different forms of epilepsy, as evident from preclinical studies executed on multiple epilepsy models. Overall, the review summarizes the available evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of various flavonoids in epilepsy.
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Zhu F, Wang H, Li L, Bragin A, Cao D, Cheng Y. Intracranial electrophysiological recordings on a swine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1077702. [PMID: 37139062 PMCID: PMC10150775 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1077702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the feasibility and reliability of intracranial electrophysiological recordings in an acute status epilepticus model on laboratory swine. Method Intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) was performed on 17 male Bama pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) weighing between 25 and 35 kg. Two stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes with a total of 16 channels were implanted bilaterally along the sensorimotor cortex to the hippocampus. Brain electrical activity was recorded 2 h daily for 9-28 days. Three KA dosages were tested to evaluate the quantities capable of evoking status epilepticus. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded and compared before and after the KA injection. We quantified the epileptic patterns, including the interictal spikes, seizures, and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), up to 4 weeks after the KA injection. Test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were performed on interictal HFO rates to evaluate the recording stability of this model. Results The KA dosage test suggested that a 10 μl (1.0 μg/μl) intrahippocampal injection could successfully evoke status epilepticus lasting from 4 to 12 h. At this dosage, eight pigs (50% of total) had prolonged epileptic events (tonic-chronic seizures + interictal spikes n = 5, interictal spikes alone n = 3) in the later 4 weeks of the video-SEEG recording period. Four pigs (25% of total) had no epileptic activities, and another four (25%) had lost the cap or did not complete the experiments. Animals that showed epileptiform events were grouped as E + (n = 8) and the four animals showing no signs of epileptic events were grouped as E- (n = 4). A total of 46 electrophysiological seizures were captured in the 4-week post-KA period from 4 E + animals, with the earliest onset on day 9. The seizure durations ranged from 12 to 45 s. A significant increase of hippocampal HFOs rate (num/min) was observed in the E+ group during the post-KA period (weeks 1, 2,4, p < 0.05) compared to the baseline. But the E-showed no change or a decrease (in week 2, p = 0.43) compared to their baseline rate. The between-group comparison showed much higher HFO rates in E + vs. E - (F = 35, p < 0.01). The high ICC value [ICC (1, k) = 0.81, p < 0.05] quantified from the HFO rate suggested that this model had a stable measurement of HFOs during the four-week post-KA periods. Significance This study measured intracranial electrophysiological activity in a swine model of KA-induced mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Using the clinical SEEG electrode, we distinguished abnormal EEG patterns in the swine brain. The high test-retest reliability of HFO rates in the post-KA period suggests the utility of this model for studying mechanisms of epileptogenesis. The use of swine may provide satisfactory translational value for clinical epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dezhi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Dezhi Cao,
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Yuan Cheng,
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