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Roy N, Paul KD, Tamanna SS, Paul AK, Almerab MM, Mamun MA. Prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among the Bangladeshi construction workers: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307895. [PMID: 39159238 PMCID: PMC11332995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Construction workers are a population that is at risk for mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide due to the high stress and physical demands of their work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi construction workers. METHODS From February 2022 to June 2022, community-based cross-sectional research was conducted among construction workers. Survey data was gathered using interviewer administered questionnaires with 502 participants from the construction sites. Data were collected based on the information related to socio-demographics, lifestyle, occupation, health hazards, and mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). The results were interpreted using the chi-square test and logistic regression utilizing SPSS statistical software. RESULTS The study revealed the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among construction workers to be 17.9%, 30.3%, and 12%, respectively. Key findings indicate that construction workers who maintained a healthy sleep duration were 64% less likely to be depressed compared to those with poor sleep (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.61, p<0.001). Workers who did not experience breathing issues upon starting construction work had a 45% lower likelihood of experiencing depression (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.97, p = 0.037) and an 82% lower likelihood of experiencing anxiety (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11-0.30, p<0.001). Bricklayer construction workers were 72% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08-0.95, p = 0.041), and workers without breathing issues after starting construction work were 66% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.66, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study found that depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent among construction workers in Bangladesh, with breathing issues as a significant risk factor. Thus, there is a need for effective measures to reduce these problems and provide a safe working environment for construction workers to ensure their productivity and the country's overall growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Kallol Deb Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Sultana Tamanna
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Moneerah Mohammad Almerab
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Caci B, Giordano G. Direct Losses and Media Exposure to Death: The Long-Term Effect of Mourning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3911. [PMID: 38999478 PMCID: PMC11242252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The social distancing policies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic forced many individuals to confront their mortality and worry about losing loved ones, making it impossible to say goodbye to them properly. Those not directly experiencing loss were inundated with information about COVID-19-related deaths throughout social media, leading to vicarious grief. This study delved into the long-term effects of direct and vicarious mourning on people's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of 171 adults (65% female) aged 19-66 years (Mage = 25.8, SD = 8.57) voluntarily participated in an online survey assessing self-reported psychological measures of complicated grief, stress, depression, dispositional neuroticism, trait anxiety, and situational anxiety. Results: MANOVAs revealed that direct mourning experiences had an extremely severe impact on anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19, and a moderate effect on those without personal losses. Indeed, participants reporting high media exposure showed higher scores of depression and stress. Conclusions: Findings from the current study displayed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, people engaged more in proximal defenses than distal ones, taking health-protective measures, experiencing increased anxiety levels toward virus infection, and feeling distressed. Additionally, vicarious mourning was more strongly associated with depression due to emotional empathy with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Caci
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movements, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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3
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Siddik MAB, Pervin I, Syfullah MK, Ali A, Mahmud A, Hasan M, Hussen SM, Manjur M, Ahmed Z, Rahman MM. Post-COVID-19 internet addiction, depression, and pornography addiction among adolescents: Findings from a nationwide study in Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2272. [PMID: 39055613 PMCID: PMC11269210 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Regulations response to COVID-19 has increased internet addiction (IA), depression, and pornography addiction (PA) among adolescents worldwide. The objective of this nationwide study was to assess the current prevalence rate of IA, depression, and PA after the post-COVID-19 period among school-going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 8832 male and female adolescents participated in this research. The cross-sectional study was conducted online using a simple random sampling method. Including the sociodemographic variables, Young's IA Test (IAT-20) Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ-12) were used to measure IA, depression, and PA. By SPSS version 25.0, the prevalence and correlation between IA, depression, and PA were analyzed using the Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and a bivariate co-relation matrix. Results Sixty-three percent, 76.6%, and 62.9% of the students were suffering from IA, depression, and PA respectively. Depressive and anxious symptoms were significantly associated with IA. Female students were more depressed than males. Males were more addicted to pornography than females. Students who utilized social media but didn't exercise had greater depression and PA. IA, depression, and PA were correlated. Conclusion The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive mental health treatments, digital literacy programs, and family and teacher participation to reduce IA, depression, and PA among adolescents post-COVID-19. Promotion of physical exercise and supporting policies to build safer online settings for adolescents are also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Bakkar Siddik
- The Centre for Social Policy & JusticeDhakaBangladesh
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Irin Pervin
- Department of SociologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalgonjBangladesh
| | | | - Akher Ali
- Department of Statistics and Data ScienceJahangirnagar UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Al Mahmud
- School of Dental Sciences, Health CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKelantanMalaysia
| | - Mahedi Hasan
- The Centre for Social Policy & JusticeDhakaBangladesh
- College of Media and CommunicationTexas Tech UniversityTexasUSA
| | | | - Monia Manjur
- Department of Social WorkNoakhali Science & Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Zobayer Ahmed
- Department of Economics & BankingInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman
- Department of BiostatisticsNational Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM)MohakhaliDhakaBangladesh
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Ayhan Başer D, Akdeniz SE, Onur G, Karadağ K, Fidanci IZ, Aksoy H, Cankurtaran M. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sedentary life in young adults: a cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2544-2555. [PMID: 37776003 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2258817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary lifestyle of young adults were evaluated. The cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 18-35 years between December 2021 and March 2022. In the study, sedentary life was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), screening time and the Brief Eating Behaviors Questionnaire. 397 people participated in the study and the mean age was 24.41 ± 4.18. Body Mass Index (BMI), time spent in front of the screen, need for psychosocial support, and Short Diet Behaviors Questionnaire (SDBQ) scores showed a significant increase during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (respectively; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). It has been observed that there is an increase in the time spent in front of the screen, worsening in eating behaviors, decrease in physical activity, and an increase in BMI values of young adults during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ayhan Başer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyla Esra Akdeniz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Onur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Karadağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Zzet Fidanci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Aksoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cankurtaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Vidyasagaran AL, McDaid D, Faisal MR, Nasir M, Muliyala KP, Thekkumkara S, Wright J, Huque R, Benkalkar S, Siddiqi N. Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review of reviews. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e78. [PMID: 38161740 PMCID: PMC10755414 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are increasing in South Asia (SA), but their epidemiological burden is under-researched. We carried out a systematic umbrella review to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders and intentional self-harm in the region. Multiple databases were searched and systematic reviews reporting the prevalence of at least one mental disorder from countries in SA were included. Review data were narratively synthesised; primary studies of common mental disorders (CMDs) among adults were identified from a selected subset of reviews and pooled. We included 124 reviews. The majority (n = 65) reported on mood disorders, followed by anxiety disorders (n = 45). High prevalence of mental disorders and intentional self-harm was found in general adult and vulnerable populations. Two reviews met our pre-defined criteria for identifying primary studies of CMDs. Meta-analysis of 25 primary studies showed a pooled prevalence of 16.0% (95% CI = 11.0-22.0%, I 2 = 99.9%) for depression, 12.0% (5.0-21.0%, I 2 = 99.9%) for anxiety, and 14.0% (10.0-19.0, I 2 = 99.9%) for both among the general adult population; pooled estimates varied by country and assessment tool used. Overall, reviews suggest high prevalence for mental disorders in SA, but evidence is limited on conditions other than CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Economics, Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Krishna P. Muliyala
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Judy Wright
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
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6
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Jung E, Jung YE, Kim MD. Factors Affecting Fear of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers in COVID-19 Dedicated Teams: Focus on Professional Quality of Life. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e366. [PMID: 37935169 PMCID: PMC10627728 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined factors related to high fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) in COVID-19 dedicated teams. We assigned 371 HCWs to low, medium, and high COVID-19 infection fear groups, and investigated factors associated with COVID-19 infection fear. High COVID-19 infection fear was significantly associated with being a woman and poor professional quality of life. High COVID-19 infection fear group had higher burnout levels and secondary traumatic stress scores than the low and medium fear groups. These findings deepen our understanding of risk factors for and psychological outcomes of COVID-19 infection fear in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulji Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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7
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Chen S, Li H, Pang L, Wen D. The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Negative Emotions Among Chinese Medical College Students: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out and the Moderating Role of Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2755-2766. [PMID: 37492860 PMCID: PMC10363671 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s421404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) and the moderating role of resilience in the association between social media use and negative emotions among medical college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted, medical college students from Qiqihar Medical University, China participated in the study. A total of 470 medical college students were recruited voluntarily to complete questionnaires on social media use, FoMO, resilience, and negative emotions. Results Social media use was positively associated with FoMO and negative emotions among medical students (p < 0.01). The total effect of social media use on negative emotions was significant (β = 1.101, SE = 0.079, p < 0.001). Social media use had no significant direct effect on negative emotions (β = 0.168, SE = 0.096, p > 0.05), but it had an indirect effect on negative emotions via mediation of FoMO (β = 0.933, SE = 0.106, 95% CI: 0.731 to 1.149). Moreover, resilience had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between FoMO and negative emotions (β = -0.021, SE = 0.005, 95% CI: -0.032 to -0.012). FoMO had a significant positive predictive effect on negative emotions at both levels of resilience (low resilience individuals: β = 1.079, SE = 0.076, p < 0.001; high resilience individuals: β = 0.212, SE = 0.094, p < 0.05). Conclusion Social media use and FoMO may be risk factors for increased negative emotions, and resilience should be considered in prevention and intervention strategies designed to mitigate negative emotions among medical college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Chen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghe Li
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Pang
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Andrade D, Ribeiro IJS, Máté O. Academic burnout among master and doctoral students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4745. [PMID: 36959340 PMCID: PMC10034888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has had an immense impact on academic life and public health. Graduate students had experienced obligatory curfews and quarantines due to the COVID-19 outbreak directly impacting their mental health and triggering academic burnout. In this cross-sectional study, we address the issue of mental health in graduate students by relating it to the factors associated with burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 519 graduate students from master's and Ph.D./DLA degrees across universities in Hungary and other European countries participated in this study. The Copenhagen burnout inventory student version was used to evaluate burnout syndrome as an outcome. Our findings displayed burnout significantly lower among graduate students who had good sleep quality, receive high levels of support from their university, and were satisfied with how their university dealt with the pandemic. The excessive consumption of alcohol, the use of antidepressants, being single, and thinking about dropping out showed as predictive factors of burnout. The results add to emergent evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the predicted factors of academic burnout among master and doctoral students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Andrade
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | | | - Orsolya Máté
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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9
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Andrade D, Ribeiro IJS, Prémusz V, Maté O. Academic Burnout, Family Functionality, Perceived Social Support and Coping among Graduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4832. [PMID: 36981741 PMCID: PMC10049259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Academic burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly impacted the academic life and mental health of graduate students. This study aims to address the mental health issue in graduate students by relating it to family functionality, perceived social support, and coping with academic burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional study with 519 graduate students across universities in Hungary and other European countries. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Student, Family APGAR Index, the brief form of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were used to measure academic burnout, family functionality, perceived social support, and coping, respectively. Structural equations modeling was used for statistical analysis. The results revealed a negative effect of family functionality, perceived social support, and coping on academic burnout. The inverse relationship between perceived social support and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was identified, and mediated by coping and family functionality. These findings may offer patterns and predictors for future graduate students and higher-education institutions to identify outside factors that are implicated in academic burnout, especially in outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Andrade
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Viktória Prémusz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Maté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
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Onukwuli VO, Onyinye EN, Udigwe IB, Umeh UM, Enebe JT, Umerah AT. Internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents in southeast Nigeria and implications for adolescent care in the post-pandemic era: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231152763. [PMID: 36860685 PMCID: PMC9969478 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231152763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction amongst adolescents in Southeast Nigeria during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 10 randomly selected secondary schools, 2 (one urban and one rural) each from Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi Enugu and Imo states of southeastern Nigeria between July and August 2021. Data on demographic variables were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Young's Internet Addiction Test was used to assess the extent of internet use. Analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. The level of significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. Results The mean age of the respondents was 16.2 ± 1.8 years and the male: female ratio was 1:1.6. Most of the adolescents (61.1%) used the internet for academic purposes, while 32.8% used it for social interactions and the majority (51.5%) used their phones. The prevalence of internet addiction was 88.1% (24.9% had mild, 59.6% had moderate, while 3.6% had severe addiction) and a good proportion of the respondents (81.1%) perceived addiction as bad. Internet addiction was significantly associated with the respondent's age (p = 0.043), mother's level of education (p = 0.023), family size (p = 0.021), place of residence (p = 0.035), alcohol intake (p = 0.017), smoking (p = 0.015), substance use (p = 0.001) as well as the duration of internet use (p < 0.001). Internet addiction was predicted by the male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.054; confidence interval (CI): 1.200-3.518), early adolescent age group (10-13 years) (AOR: 0.115; C1: 0.015-0.895) as well as the duration of internet use (AOR: 0.301; CI: 0.189-0.479). Conclusions The prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic era was high. The predictors of addiction were the male gender, early adolescent age group and duration of internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Uche Marian Umeh
- Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University
Teaching Hospital, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Tochukwu Enebe
- ESUT Teaching Hospital, Parklane,
Enugu, Nigeria,Joseph Tochukwu Enebe, ESUT Teaching
Hospital, Parklane, GRA, Parklane, Enugu 400102, Nigeria.
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Lee H, Kim HJ, Kwon DH, Park MB, Kim SM, Kim KN, Nam EW. Assessing the Fear Factor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea Using the COVID-19 Phobia Scale: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e52. [PMID: 36808547 PMCID: PMC9941011 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phobia among students revealed that fear of contracting COVID-19 was associated with commuting to school and spending time with others at school. Therefore, it is the need-of-the-hour for the Korean government to identify factors affecting COVID-19 phobia among university students and to consider these factors while framing the policy direction for the process of returning to normalcy in university education. Consequently, we aimed to identify the current state of COVID-19 phobia among Korean undergraduate and graduate students and the factors affecting COVID-19 phobia. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify the factors affecting COVID-19 phobia among Korean undergraduate and graduate students. The survey collected 460 responses from April 5 to April 16, 2022. The questionnaire was developed based on the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Multiple linear regression was performed on the C19P-S scores using five models with the following dependent variables: Model 1, total C19P-S score; Model 2, psychological subscale score; Model 3, psychosomatic subscale score; Model 4, social subscale score; and Model 5, economic subscale score. The fit of these five models was established, and a P-value of less than 0.05 (F test) was considered statistically significant. RESULTS An analysis of the factors affecting the total C19P-S score led to the following findings: women significantly outscored men (difference: 4.826 points, P = 0.003); the group that favored the government's COVID-19 mitigation policy scored significantly lower than those who did not favor it (difference: 3.161 points, P = 0.037); the group that avoided crowded places scored significantly higher than the group that did not avoid crowded places (difference: 7.200 points, P < 0.001); and those living with family/friends scored significantly higher than those in other living situations (difference: 4.606 points, P = 0.021). Those in favor of the COVID-19 mitigation policy had significantly lower psychological fear than those who were against it (difference: -1.686 points, P = 0.004). Psychological fear was also significantly higher for those who avoided crowded places compared to those who did not difference: 2.641 points, P < 0.001). Fear was significantly higher in people cohabitating than those living alone (difference: 1.543 points, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION The Korean government, in their pursuit of a policy that eases COVID-19-related restrictions, will also have to spare no efforts in providing correct information to prevent the escalation of COVID-19 phobia among people with a high fear of contracting the disease. This should be done through trustworthy information sources, such as the media, public agencies, and COVID-19 professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Lee
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hye Ji Kim
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dan Hee Kwon
- Department of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Myung Bae Park
- Department of Health and Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Kim
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Na Kim
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
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Mamun MA, Mamun MA, Hosen I, Ahmed T, Rayhan I, Al-Mamun F. Trend and gender-based association of the Bangladeshi student suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic: a GIS-based nationwide distribution. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:38-46. [PMID: 34961356 PMCID: PMC9936165 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211065670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students are one of the most vulnerable groups to suicide. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a Bangladeshi study was conducted assessing their suicide patterns regarding gender-based associations. But how has the pandemic changed the Bangladeshi students' suicide patterns is not studied yet, which is investigated herein. Besides, for the first time, this study provides GIS-based distribution of suicide cases across the country's administrative district. METHODS As Bangladesh has no suicide surveillance system, this study utilized media reporting suicide cases following the prior studies. A total of 127 students' suicide cases from March 2020 to March 2021 were finally analyzed after eliminating the duplicate ones, and data were synthesized following the prior studies. Arc-GIS was also used to distribute the suicide cases across the administrative district. RESULTS Results revealed that female (72.4%; n = 92/127) was more prone to die by suicide than males. About 42.5% of the cases were aged between 14 and 18 years (mean age 16.44 ± 3.512 years). The most common method of suicide was hanging (79.5%; n = 101), whereas relationship complexities (15.7%), being emotional (12.6%), not getting the desired one (11%), conflict with a family member (9.4%), academic failure (9.4%), mental health problem (8.7%), sexual complexities (6.3%), scolded or forbidden by parents (3.9%) were the prominent suicide causalities. In respect to gender and suicide patterns, only the suicide stressor was significantly distributed, whereas the method of suicide was significantly associated with GIS-based distribution. However, a higher number of suicide cases was documented in the capital (i.e. Dhaka) and the northern region than in its surrounding districts. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported herein are assumed to be helpful to identify the gender-based suicide patterns and suicide-prone regions in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to initiate suicide prevention programs of the risky students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istihak Rayhan
- Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Muwanguzi M, Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Mamun MA, Arinaitwe I, Kajjimu J, Nduhuura E, Ashaba S. Exploring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among Ugandan university students: its associations with academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36639808 PMCID: PMC9838032 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among university students have been linked to a variety of factors and have been shown to have a dose-response relationship with adult health and behavior. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exposure to ACEs on academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations among university students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among university students at a public university in southwestern Uganda was conducted in 2021, integrating the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire for assessing ACEs, the Patient Health Questionnaire for assessing depression symptoms and suicidal ideations, and questions assessing the family structure and academic performance as adopted from similar studies. Regression analysis was performed, and 3 models were generated to answer the study hypotheses. RESULTS A total of 653 undergraduate university students with a mean age of 22.80 (± 3.16) years were recruited. Almost all students (99.8%) experienced one or more ACEs, with physical abuse being the common ACE reported. The average depression symptom severity was statistically higher among individuals who experienced any form of ACEs. No relationship was observed between the ACEs experienced and self-rated academic performance. Similarly, on regression analysis, the cumulative number of ACEs was not associated with self-rated academic performance (β = - 0.007; 95% CI - 0.031 to 0.016; p = 0.558). However, the cumulative number of ACEs was positively associated with depression symptom severity (β = 0.684; 95% CI 0.531-0.837; p < 0.001), as well as increased the likelihood of suicidal ideations (aOR = 1.264; 95% CI 01.090-1.465; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The burden of ACEs is exceedingly high among Ugandan university students, highlighting the urgency in strengthening effective child protection strategies to protect Uganda's rapidly growing population from mental ill-health and avoid future psychological disability, a burden to the healthcare system. The study's findings will also be useful to practitioners/policymakers working to prevent/limit child maltreatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Muwanguzi
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial 144 papers, 18 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson’s method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review.
Results
The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being aged between 31 and 50 years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide.
Conclusions
Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India.
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Hossain MK, Mahfuz T, Latif S, Hossain ME. Determinants of financial stress among university students and its impact on their performance. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2023; 15:226-237. [DOI: 10.1108/jarhe-02-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PurposeTo identify the financial stress and associate factors of tertiary level student.Design/methodology/approachTo identify the financial stress and associate factors, a structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from 571 students of different universities of Bangladesh through Google form. Chi square and Cramer's V were applied to find the associated factors with financial stress of students, whereas ordinal regression was performed to evaluate the influence of the associated factors on financial stress.FindingsGender, living status, borrowing loan factors have positive association with financial stress. Tuition fee dues have significant positive association with financial stress. A student who has tuition fee dues feels 1.48 times more stress compared to student who does not have dues. Females were found less likely to be financially stressed (AOR = 1.536) than male students. Students who borrowed loans were more likely to have financial stress than non-borrowed loan groups of students.Practical implicationsResults indicate that financial stress has a strong impact on participation in different academic and personal activities of a student. Therefore, parents, university administration and student counselor should consider the factor to assess stress of a student.Originality/valueThis study identified factors responsible for financial stress of Bangladeshi students of tertiary level.
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Rao H, Gupta M, Agarwal P, Bhatia S, Bhardwaj R. Mental health issues assessment using tools during COVID-19 pandemic. INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36531968 PMCID: PMC9742669 DOI: 10.1007/s11334-022-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has brought distress among people as pandemic has impacted the globe not only economically or physically, but also psychologically by degrading their mental health. Several research were done in the past which tried to capture these issues but post-covid situation needs to be critically handled and analyzed so that corrective measures for cure and support can be taken. The current work is an attempt to observe the mental health issues (anxiety and depression) that occurred during the lockdown by combining a few pre-designed questionnaires. The online survey included 244 respondents (females = 126, males = 118) and when we thoroughly examined gender, age group, and occupational activity as three main factors, the results showed that female students aged 21-35 were affected more than male students of the same age group. In this study, we used a 4-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-4) as a depression screening instrument and discovered that 225 out of total respondents were depressed. Using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), a self-administered anxiety tool, we found 103 responders with mild, 87 with moderate, 12 with severe, and 42 with no anxiety symptoms. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) showed the symptoms of mental disorders where 68 individuals had mild, 85 had moderate, 37 had moderately severe, 12 had severe, and 42 had no symptoms. With the help of multiple linear regression analysis, demographic data were evaluated, and later results were compared between GDS-4, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 using correlation coefficients. This will help practitioners and individuals to focus on their physiological health and adopt diagnostic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamnah Rao
- Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-58, India
| | | | | | - Surbhi Bhatia
- Department of Information systems, college of computer science and information technology, King Faisal University, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alanazi M. Psychological Status of College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1443-1451. [PMID: 36483331 PMCID: PMC9724575 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s381916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 10th to April 10th, 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was emailed to college students at a large institution in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic, educational backgrounds, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The study included 311 university students (62.7% female and 39.3% male). The prevalence of higher than moderate level in each of the depression, anxiety, and stress were (n= 164, 52.7%), (n= 222, 71.4%), and (n= 112, 36%), respectively. Further analysis revealed that females, younger age, history of depression, history of being quarantined by a health authority, and having contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 were associated with a greater level of depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety, and stress were highly prevalent among college students during the outbreak. There was a significant association between demographic characteristics and the DASS 21 score. Researchers are recommended to concentrate their future studies on establishing strategies to enhance students' flexibility and adaptability in the face of future catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alanazi
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Prevalence and risk factors of sleep problems in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SLEEP EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:100045. [PMID: 36250199 PMCID: PMC9553404 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has altered people's lives worldwide and fostered the emergence of sleep problems. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has yet been conducted to rigorously evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep problems from a Bangladeshi perspective. As a result, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to fill this knowledge gap, which may lead to a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors associated with sleep problems. To conduct this systematic review, PRISMA guidelines were followed; a literature search was conducted to include studies published till 5th March 2022 from the inception of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus. A total of eleven studies were included. The JBI checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The overall estimated prevalence of sleep problems was 45% (95% CI: 32% to 58%, I2 =99.31%). General populations were more affected by sleep problems [52% (95% CI: 36% to 68%, I2 =98.92%)] than the healthcare professionals [51% (95% CI: 23% to 79%, I2 =97.99%)] (χ2 = 137.05, p <0.001). Additionally, results suggested that suffering from sleep problems were higher among female (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.29 compared to men); urban residents (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.02 compared to rural); and anxious person (OR: 5.15; 95% CI: 4.32 to 6.14 compared to non-anxious), whereas single participants less likely to suffer from sleep related problems (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94). The prevalence rate of sleep problems was high and the general populations was at particularly high risk. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the trajectories of such sleep problems as a function of pandemic changes.
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Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Favina A, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Suicidal behaviors and associated factors among medical students in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Kihumuro RB, Kaggwa MM, Nakandi RM, Kintu TM, Muwanga DR, Muganzi DJ, Atwau P, Ayesiga I, Acai A, Najjuka SM, Najjuma JN, Frazier-Koussai S, Ashaba S, Harms S. Perspectives on mental health services for medical students at a Ugandan medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:734. [PMID: 36284284 PMCID: PMC9592876 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University-based mental health services for medical students remain a challenge, particularly in low-income countries, due to poor service availability. Prior studies have explored the availability of mental health services in high-income countries but little is known about mental health services in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, such as Uganda. Medical students are at a higher risk of developing mental health challenges during their course of study as compared with other students. Thus, there is a need for well-structured mental health services for this group of students. The aim of this study was to explore perspectives on mental health services for medical students at a public University in Uganda. METHODS This was a qualitative study where key informant interviews were conducted among purposively selected university administrators (n = 4), student leaders (n = 4), and mental health employees of the university (n = 3), three groups responsible for the mental well-being of medical students at a public university in Uganda. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed to identify relevant themes. RESULTS The working experience of university administrators and mental health providers was between eight months to 20 years, while student leaders had studied at the university for over four years. We identified five broad themes: (1) Burden of medical school: A curriculum of trauma, (2) Negative coping mechanisms and the problem of blame, (3) The promise of services: Mixed Messages, (4) A broken mental health system for students, and (5) Barriers to mental health services. CONCLUSION Distinguishing between psychological distress that is anticipated because of the subject matter in learning medicine and identifying those students that are suffering from untreated psychiatric disorders is an important conceptual task for universities. This can be done through offering education about mental health and well-being for administrators, giving arm's length support for students, and a proactive, not reactive, approach to mental health. There is also a need to redesign the medical curriculum to change the medical education culture through pedagogical considerations of how trauma informs the learning and the mental health of students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | | | - Timothy Mwanje Kintu
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - David Jolly Muganzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pius Atwau
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Innocent Ayesiga
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Anita Acai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - Susan Frazier-Koussai
- Texas Juvenile Crime Prevention Center at Prairie View, A and M University (PVAMU), Texas, USA
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sheila Harms
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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21
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Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Bongomin F, Mamun MA, Griffiths MD. Prevalence of depression in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276552. [PMID: 36264962 PMCID: PMC9584512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most studied mental health disorders, with varying prevalence rates reported across study populations in Uganda. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to determine the pooled prevalence of depression and the prevalence of depression across different study populations in the country. Methods Papers for the review were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journal OnLine, and Google Scholar databases. All included papers were observational studies regarding depression prevalence in Uganda, published before September 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of the included papers, and depression pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 127 studies comprising 123,859 individuals were identified. Most studies were conducted among individuals living with HIV (n = 43; 33.9%), and the most frequently used instrument for assessing depression was the Depression sub-section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (n = 34). The pooled prevalence of depression was 30.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.7–34.1, I2 = 99.80, p<0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period (48.1% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.021). Refugees had the highest prevalence of depression (67.6%; eight studies), followed by war victims (36.0%; 12 studies), individuals living with HIV (28.2%; 43 studies), postpartum or pregnant mothers (26.9%; seven studies), university students (26.9%; four studies), children and adolescents (23.6%; 10 studies), and caregivers of patients (18.5%; six studies). Limitation Significantly high levels of heterogeneity among the studies included. Conclusion Almost one in three individuals in Uganda has depression, with the refugee population being disproportionately affected. Targeted models for depression screening and management across various populations across the country are recommended. Trial registration Protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022310122).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Forensic Psychiatry Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhang B, Lei SM, Le S, Gong Q, Cheng S, Wang X. Changes in health behaviors and conditions during COVID-19 pandemic strict campus lockdown among Chinese university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1022966. [PMID: 36324783 PMCID: PMC9621116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore how a stringent campus lockdown affects the physical activity (PA), sleep and mental health of Chinese university students living in student dormitories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data on PA, sleep and mental health were collected between 24 March and 4 April 2022 from 2084 university students (mean age = 22.4 years, 61.1% male students) via an online questionnaire distributed by the students’ advisers of each dormitory. The Chinese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-C), Athens Insomnia Scale (CAIS) and General Health Questionnaire 12-item (GHQ-12) were applied. The Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the PA profile differences between genders, before and during the lockdown period and between students’ living environments. Chi-squared (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess changes in health behaviors by gender and students’ living environment compared to before the lockdown. A mediation model was used to examine whether sleep disorder mediated the relationship between PA and mental health in different students’ living environments. Results Participants reported a significant decrease in weekly total PA levels (63.9%). Mean daily sedentary time increased by 21.4% and daily lying time increased by 10.7% compared to before lockdown. Among the participants, 21.2% had experienced insomnia, and 39.0% reported having high mental distress. Female students reported 10% higher rates of sleep disorders than male students (p < 0.001), and also experienced a higher incidence of mental disorders (p < 0.001). Students living with three roommates had a larger decrease in frequencies and durations of participation in light PA than other students (p < 0.001). PA was negatively associated with sleep and mental health, and sleep disorder was a mediating factor between PA and mental health in the students living with two and three roommates. Conclusion This study showed that strict lockdowns within university dormitories during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the health of university students by changing their health behaviors, physical activity and sleep. Our findings indicate a need for strategies to promote an active lifestyle for students in space-limited dormitories in order to maintain health during a prolonged lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Man Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Le
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqiang Wang
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuqiang Wang,
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Oláh B, Kuritárné Szabó I, Kósa K. Transfer of Mental Health Services for Medical Students to Cyberspace during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Service Use and Students' Preferences for Psychological Self-Help Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13338. [PMID: 36293919 PMCID: PMC9602970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high risk of mental health problems among medical students has been compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, which greatly reduced social contact. The mental health support service of the medical school of one Hungarian university was transferred to the online learning management system and was expanded by self-help materials in three domains: Improving study skills, stress management techniques, and reducing stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We wanted to understand the preferences of medical students for psychological self-help techniques by investigating the pattern of access to online self-help materials and the characteristics of the users. Access to the online materials between April 2020 and April 2021 among Hungarian and international medical students was analyzed using the logging data of the system. Of all the students who logged in during the examination period (n = 458), 36.6-40.4% viewed materials to improve study skills and 23-29% viewed stress management materials, of which short-duration audio format techniques were preferred. The access rate of content targeting coping with the mental health effects of COVID-19 was 9.5-24%. Support to improve study skills is significantly more preferred than interventions targeting distress-reduction. The pattern of access can be used for the development of interventions that are of most interest to medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Oláh
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karolina Kósa
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Ciechanowski K, Banasik-Jemielniak N, Jemielniak D. What's hot and what's not in lay psychology: Wikipedia's most-viewed articles. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36248218 PMCID: PMC9553632 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied views of articles about psychology on 10 language editions of Wikipedia from July 1, 2015, to January 6, 2021. We were most interested in what psychology topics Wikipedia users wanted to read, and how the frequency of views changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Our results show that the topics of interest to people seeking psychological knowledge changed during the pandemic. In addition, the interests differ noticeably among the languages. We made two important observations. The first was that during the pandemic, people in most countries looked for new ways to manage their stress without resorting to external help. This is understandable, given the increased stress of lockdown and the limited amount of professional help available. We also found that academic topics, typically covered in university classes, experienced a substantial drop in traffic, which could be indicative of issues with remote teaching. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03826-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaśmir Ciechanowski
- MINDS (Management in Networked and Digital Societies) Department, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Jemielniak
- MINDS (Management in Networked and Digital Societies) Department, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
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Chanda SK, Kabir MR, Roy T, Shohel TA, Howlader MH, Razu SR. Sociocultural Costs of the Long-term COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review. SAGE OPEN 2022; 12:21582440221143298. [PMID: 36575745 PMCID: PMC9773001 DOI: 10.1177/21582440221143298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the physical transmission of COVID-19, the pandemic has had far-reaching consequences in Bangladesh, including social and cultural implications. This review paper aimed at identifying and synthesizing the costs of COVID-19 on sociocultural issues in Bangladesh. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar up to August 2021. Studies related to the costs of COVID-19 were identified, tabulated, analyzed, and synthesized by using a thematic approach. Our final synthesis of 19 studies resulted in five analytical themes: (i) disruption in education, (ii) loss of everyday social interaction, (iii) increase of "new poor" and suicide, (iv) rise of violence against women, and (v) worsening the life of refugees. Our findings showed that the costs of disruption in education, loss of everyday social interaction, and increase of "new poor" and suicide were more evident. Finally, we recommend the government and the community to adopt some integrated actions and policies to combat the problems in improving Bangladeshi sociocultural situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuhin Roy
- Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Its Clinical Correlates among Chinese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091751. [PMID: 36141363 PMCID: PMC9498450 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is common among young adults. Related studies showed a wide range of prevalence among university students. Few studies regarding BPD symptoms and their correlations with different variables have been reported in the Chinese population. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted on a sample of university students in China between November 2021 and January 2022. Sociodemographic questionnaires, the Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (SI-Bord), the 18-item Experience in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R-18), the Meaning In Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Resilience Inventory (RI-9) were completed. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation methods. Among 767 participants, mean age was 20.33 ± 1.495 years, and the majority were males (53.5%). According to the SI-Bord’s cut-off score >7, BPD symptoms were found in 17.5% of participants. Attachment anxiety, avoidance, depression, perceived stress, lack of meaning in life, resilience and self-esteem were significantly correlated with BPD symptoms with r’s of 0.473, 0.180, 0.451, 0.481, −0.148, −0.238 and −0.388, respectively (all p’s < 0.01). The prevalence of BPD symptoms is high among Chinese university students and significantly associated with mental health outcomes, suggesting that an early detection of BPD symptoms is necessary for this population.
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Sultana N, Asaduzzaman M, Mubarak M, Hosen I, Kaggwa MM, Al-Mamun F, Mamun MA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle patterns: Does gender matter? Front Public Health 2022; 10:920694. [PMID: 36159266 PMCID: PMC9490405 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.920694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted individuals to deviate from normal lifestyle behaviors. But, there is a paucity of studies conducted in Bangladesh assessing how lifestyle patterns (i.e., smoking, drug use, physical exercise) have changed after the pandemic, which was investigated in this study. Methods An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among a total of 756 Bangladeshi young adults between April 1 and 13, 2020. Lifestyle patterns data were collected based on two periods from the COVID-19 pandemic inception point in the country, (i) '1 year before', and (ii) '1 year after'. Basic descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency and percentages) and Chi-square tests were performed to examine the associations of the independent variables in relation to lifestyle patterns. Results A 0.2 and 4.7% reduction in smoking and physical exercise, respectively, was observed after the pandemic. But the prevalence of drug use was 1.5% before the COVID-19 pandemic, which rose to 1.9% during the pandemic; representing a 0.4% increment. The changes in lifestyle patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was statistically significant only for physical exercise. Of the gender, male participants were more prevalent in smoking, drug use, and performing physical exercise in both periods. Conclusion It is suggested to increase awareness concerning adverse effects of drug use and not performing physical exercise, where the gender-based focus is highly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Sultana
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuza Mubarak
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh,*Correspondence: Firoj Al-Mamun
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Mohammed A. Mamun
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Sujan MH, Tasnim R, Islam MS, Ferdous M, Haghighathoseini A, Koly KN, Pardhan S. Financial hardship and mental health conditions in people with underlying health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10499. [PMID: 36060462 PMCID: PMC9428118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Financial hardship is a major concern for patients who are suffering from long-term underlying health conditions. It is likely that emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic would impose increased financial distress and lead to the development or exacerbation of mental health conditions. Objective The present study aimed to explore the relationship between financial hardship and mental health conditions (loneliness, anxiety, and depression) among patients with underlying health conditions in Bangladesh. Methods An e-survey based cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 971 patients (50.1% male; mean age = 42.29 [SD = 15.86]) with underlying health conditions between November 2020 and January 2021. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and UCLA loneliness scale, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine any associations between financial hardship and mental health conditions (loneliness, anxiety, and depression). Results 46.2% of participants reported experiencing financial difficulties, and a number of respondents (12.3%) had lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and loneliness were 35.2%, 38.9%, and 47.68%, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age, gender, occupation, marital status, monthly income, self-reported health status and financial hardship were significantly associated with mental health conditions. Conclusions Mental health problems were prevalent among people with underlying health conditions and were also associated with financial difficulties. The findings suggest that care facilities should be strengthened by including psychosocial support components delivered with lower costs, particularly for patients with underlying health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md.Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Most.Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge UK
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Vallières F, Murphy J, McBride O, Shevlin M, Gilmore B, Travers Á, Nolan A, Butter S, Karatzias T, Bentall R, Hyland P. The role of psychosocial factors in explaining sex differences in major depression and generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1563. [PMID: 35978320 PMCID: PMC9382004 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how pandemics differentially impact on the socio-protective and psychological outcomes of males and females is important to develop more equitable public health policies. We assessed whether males and females differed on measures of major depression and generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 the pandemic, and if so, which sociodemographic, pandemic, and psychological variables may affect sex differences in depression and anxiety. Methods Participants were a nationally representative sample of Irish adults (N = 1,032) assessed between April 30th to May 19th, 2020, during Ireland’s first COVID-19 nationwide quarantine. Participants completed self-report measures of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9), as well as 23 sociodemographic pandemic-related, and psychological variables. Sex differences on measures of depression and anxiety were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis and differences in sociodemographic, pandemic, and psychological variables assessed using chi-square tests of independence and independent samples t-tests. Results Females were significantly more likely than males to screen positive for major depressive disorder (30.6% vs. 20.7%; χ2 (1) = 13.26, p < .001, OR = 1.69 [95% CI = 1.27, 2.25]), and generalised anxiety disorder (23.3% vs. 14.4%; χ2 (1) = 13.42, p < .001, OR = 1.81 [95% CI = 1.31, 2.49]). When adjusted for all other sex-varying covariates however, sex was no longer significantly associated with screening positive for depression (AOR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.51, 1.25) or GAD (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.57). Conclusion Observed sex-differences in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland are best explained by psychosocial factors of COVID-19 related anxiety, trait neuroticism, lower sleep quality, higher levels of loneliness, greater somatic problems, and, in the case of depression, increases in childcaring responsibilities and lower trait consciousnesses. Implications of these findings for public health policy and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Brynne Gilmore
- Education and Innovation in Health Systems, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine Travers
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann Nolan
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Richard Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Philip Hyland
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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Wahab IA, Goh KW, Zainal ZA, Yusof NSM, Huri HZ, Jacob SA, Alwi MNM, Hashim R, Hisham SA, Jamil N. Targeted Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Depression among Malaysian Pharmacy Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9629. [PMID: 35954990 PMCID: PMC9367753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global depression burden has remained a challenge throughout the pre- and post-pandemic era. The pandemic effect has led to the spiraling of mental disorders among young people who will be the next generation of leaders. This study aims to identify university students’ sociodemographic, psychosocial and academic backgrounds and performance associated with depression symptoms for the development of primary and secondary preventive strategies for mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 19 institutions in Malaysia offering a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree program. The self-rated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used to assess depression symptoms. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the investigated variables with depression symptoms. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare means of depression score across variables. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the investigated variables and depression symptoms. A total of 610 pharmacy students participated, of which 47% (n = 289/610) were having depression symptoms. Students who smoke nicotine and those who have separated parents, family history of mental illness, and poor academic performance were associated with depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Differences in geographical areas, race and religion also showed significant associations with depression symptoms. Parental marital status, poor academic performance, history of mental illness and comorbidities were statistically predicting depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Primary preventive strategies allowing students to harness healthy coping skills for stress, nicotine-free campaigns and a holistic curriculum are warranted. Secondary measures on mindfulness and compassion skills activities to benefit students who experienced early life crises are highly recommended. Enforcing these targeted strategies in collaboration with health and social sectors should be the primary agenda of universities to ensure their uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izyan A. Wahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Rosnani Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurdiana Jamil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
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Kim UR, Sung H. Urban parks as a potential mitigator of suicide rates resulting from global pandemics: Empirical evidence from past experiences in Seoul, Korea. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 127:103725. [PMID: 35530723 PMCID: PMC9066293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the increased suicide rate of the general population has become a concern not only because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also because of its associated socioeconomic insecurity, loss of jobs, and economic shocks. This study employed robust fixed-effects panel models to empirically identify the mitigating effects of infectious diseases, via urban parks, on the suicide rate, and to examine gender differences in this regard, based on previous experiences in Seoul, Korea. We found that the differentiating mitigating effect did not significantly affect suicide rates during the 2015 MERS epidemic. However, during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, wherein the number of confirmed cases was very high and diffused nationwide, urban parks significantly reduced the suicide rates for both men and women. The role of parks as a mitigator was more enhanced in cities with a high number of confirmed cases if it was associated with economic shocks. However, this effect was significant only in the suicide rates of men, not women. During a pandemic, urban parks can help maintain social interaction and sustain physical activities (i.e., walking and exercise) while maintaining physical distance. National and local governments should develop urban parks to actively control the suicide rate influenced by movement restriction measures inevitably occurring during the spread of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ram Kim
- Department of Urban and Regional Development, Graudate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Center for Housing Policy Research, Seoul Metropolitan Government, 04514, Korea
| | - Hyungun Sung
- Department of Urban and Regional Development, Graudate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Peng X, Menhas R, Dai J, Younas M. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Overall Wellbeing: Mediating Role of Virtual Reality Fitness for Physical-Psychological Health and Physical Activity. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1741-1756. [PMID: 35860203 PMCID: PMC9289576 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s369020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality applications are made for various objectives such as business, entertainment, education, and healthcare. Anxiety, phobias, distress, disordered eating, drug addiction, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, and autism spectrum disorders may benefit from virtual reality-based approaches. The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the way we live, enjoy, study, sport, and socialize significantly. Virtual reality fitness technology gained much attention during the COVID-19 preventive measures time. Objective The present study explores the role of virtual reality fitness in improving overall wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic home isolation period in terms of physical-psychological health and physical activity. Methods A total of 2300 individuals were recruited using the snowball sampling technique to participate in the study. The primary data were collected using an anonymous web-based survey. SPSS-23 and Smart-PLS 3.2.9 software were used to analyze the data. Results The direct path coefficient analysis of the study constructs show that virtual reality fitness has (preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> overall wellbeing, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical exercise, and preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical health) profound effects on the research participants’ mental and physical wellbeing of the study participants while indirect mediation analysis shows that virtual reality fitness has (preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness ->overall wellbeing, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical exercise, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness ->physical health) significant impacts. Conclusion Our study results concluded that house exercises through virtual reality fitness are a good substitute for public gyms and private group fitness programs during the first pandemic wave for physical-psychological and overall wellbeing. Virtual reality fitness technology can alleviate many of the challenges brought on by the epidemic, resulting in increased utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- College of Physical Education, Hunan City University, Yiyang, People's Republic of China.,College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rashid Menhas
- Research Center of Sports Social Sciences, College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Dai
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Younas
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Raquib A, Raquib R, Jamil S, Hossain A, al-Mamun F, Mamun MA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward the Prevention of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:856156. [PMID: 35733876 PMCID: PMC9208617 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.856156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about the prevention of COVID-19 infections are available in Bangladeshi contexts, with results that vary significantly. However, no earlier attempt has been made to analyze the available COVID-19 KAP studies in Bangladesh, which is incorporated in this meta-analysis for the first time. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, articles relevant to COVID-19 KAP that were conducted among the Bangladeshi population were found in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to generate a pooled prevalence of knowledge, attitude, and practice level toward the prevention of COVID-19 infection. Results This review included 18 articles that were published between March 2020 and November 2021. Overall, 89.87% (95% CI: 67.71-97.40) understood about COVID-19 symptoms, 92.09% (95% CI: 84.32-96.18) knew about how it spreads, and 79.51% (95% CI: 59.38-91.15) knew about how to treat it. The public's perception of controlling COVID-19 is mixed, with only 44.16% (95% CI: 35.74-52.93) and 60.28% (95% CI: 49.22-70.38) believing the country would win the struggle against the pandemic and the infection will be successfully controlled, respectively. Although overall COVID-19 preventative practice was good, subgroup analysis found that men had a poor practice toward controlling the infection. The practice of avoiding crowded places (70.15%) and maintaining social distance (77.17%) was found to be satisfactory in institution-based studies. Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that the Bangladeshi population had a good awareness of COVID-19 symptoms, treatment, attitudes, and behaviors. The findings of this study are likely to aid Bangladeshi governments and policymakers in putting evidence into action by identifying gaps and emphasizing the importance of educating the less informed public about COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radwan Raquib
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Safayet Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kaggwa MM, Rukundo GZ, Wakida EK, Maling S, Sserumaga BM, Atim LM, Obua C. Suicide and Suicide Attempts Among Patients Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Uganda: A Medical Records Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:703-711. [PMID: 35469181 PMCID: PMC9034861 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s358187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for about 800,000 deaths annually. The suicide burden drastically increased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Uganda, no known study has determined the suicide rate since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To determine the suicide mortality rate and describe the characteristics of victims of suicide attempts from January to December 2020 in south western Uganda. Methods This study was based on the health management information systems (HMIS) of patients' registered data for the year 2020 at 15 selected primary health care facilities in four districts in south-western Uganda. We used a data extraction tool to capture demographic and clinical characteristics of the individuals who had attempted or completed suicide. We estimated yearly incidence rates of fatal and non-fatal suicide attempts, and used chi-square and t-test to determine the statistical difference between suicide attempt outcomes. Results A total of 130 non-fatal suicide attempts and 26 suicides were identified. Majority were male 69.87% (n = 109/156) and the mean age was 27.16 (SD = 14.71) years. The overall incidence of suicide attempts was about 60 attempts per 100,000 people, while that of completed suicide was about three deaths per 100,000 people. The suicide attempts increased following the first month of COVID-19 lockdown in the country (March 2020) and most individuals attempted suicide by poisoning (n = 144). Conclusion Suicide is a common occurrence in primary health care settings of Uganda and there has been a rapid increase in suicide attempts since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. With suicide by poisoning being common, there is need for proactive interventions, such as the control of pesticides and herbicides, to prevent suicide among members of this community, especially during pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Edith K Wakida
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, San Barnardino, CA, United States of America
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Baker Makaya Sserumaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Letizia Maria Atim
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Celestino Obua
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Akter T, Zeba Z, Hosen I, Al-Mamun F, Mamun MA. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BMI: Its changes in relation to socio-demographic and physical activity patterns based on a short period. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266024. [PMID: 35325012 PMCID: PMC8947397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a major threat to the world. The preventive strategies designed to minimize the virus transmission by remaining at home, being isolated, and keeping social distance, which would substantially reform people’s lifestyle, physical activity, eating habits, etc. Consequently, those measures might create a disturbance in weight management and overweight. Therefore, how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the physical activities of individuals and its impacts on the Body Mass Index (BMI) is explored herein. Methods An online-based cross-sectional study collected data from 338 Bangladeshi adults in November 2020. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, health-related variables, physical activity-related variables, and diet measurement. Inferential statistics (i.e., chi-square test, McNemar test) were used to measure the associations between BMI and studied variables with a consideration of two scenarios (‘before’ and ‘during’ the pandemic inception), where p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Results showed that the prevalence of overweight was 30.5% ‘before’ the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased to 34.9% ‘during’ the pandemic; that means 4.4% of the participants significantly gained weight after the pandemic inception. There was no significant role of socio-demographic (e.g., gender, age, current residence, occupation) or physical activity-related factors (e.g., unavailability of outdoor space, not performing regular physical exercise, exercising with a partner) in changing the BMI status after the pandemic inception. However, following a proper diet plan during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed to decrease BMI status significantly. Conclusions The present study suggests that a minor portion of the participants reported increasing their overweight status after the pandemic inception, whereas having a proper diet plan during the pandemic can significantly decrease BMI status. Therefore, the importance of the appropriate diet plan should be considered while implementing any policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Akter
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zebunnesa Zeba
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Kaggwa MM, Arinaitwe I, Muwanguzi M, Nduhuura E, Kajjimu J, Kule M, Najjuka SM, Nkola R, Ajuna N, Wamala NK, Machacha I, Mamun MA, Ho CSH, Griffiths MD, Rukundo GZ. Suicidal behaviours among Ugandan university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 35365105 PMCID: PMC8972906 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda. METHODS Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate university students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with different forms of suicidal behaviours. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difficulty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the fifth year of university education, and feeling satisfied with current academic grades reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfied with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having difficulty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes. CONCLUSION University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physical medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda.
| | - Moses Muwanguzi
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Moses Kule
- grid.459749.20000 0000 9352 6415Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, 40, Uganda
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Rahel Nkola
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Noble Ajuna
- grid.448548.10000 0004 0466 5982Department of Nursing, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Kisaakye Wamala
- grid.440478.b0000 0004 0648 1247Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University – western Campus, Kampala, 20000, Uganda
| | - Ivan Machacha
- grid.449527.90000 0004 0534 1218School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, 364, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cyrus Su-Hui Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119007 Singapore
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
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Alshammari T, Alseraye S, Alqasim R, Rogowska A, Alrasheed N, Alshammari M. Examining anxiety and stress regarding virtual learning in colleges of health sciences: A cross-sectional study in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:256-264. [PMID: 35498216 PMCID: PMC9051956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and anxiety are relatively common, particularly in females and college students. Stress can impact students' overall performance and their physical and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life and is associated with high levels of psychological distress. It has considerably affected the education sector, not only locally but worldwide, forcing a shift in the education system from on-site to virtual learning. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and stress regarding virtual learning among health sciences college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) after introducing blended virtual classes and exams and in-person laboratory training. The study was carried six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology Participants were recruited by convenient sampling and snowballing strategies. Our study was conducted between November 18 and December 6, 2020. Questionnaires were employed; they included the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and focused on the participants' attitudes toward virtual learning. The present research was validated by a pilot study, followed by implementing some amendments. Results A total of 418 health sciences college students, aged 18-27 (M = 20.88, SD = 1.97), participated in the study. Our analysis indicated that more than half the sample (51.44%) reported a risk of moderate to severe GAD. Anxiety was recognized more frequently in women (72.09%) than in men (27.91%). Interestingly, our Χ2 analysis revealed an association between marital status and anxiety, with a higher risk of GAD found in single people (compared with married). In addition, we found that the risk of anxiety increased in junior students (1st-3rd year) compared to senior students (4th-6th year). Conclusion Our study highlights the need to establish gender-based tailored mental health support systems that provide preventive measures. The study findings also recommend that institutions develop programs and platforms that safely support students to interact and seek guidance, particularly those at higher risk of stress, such as females and first-year students. Overall, our study underlines the need to pursue an understanding of the complicated nature of anxiety disorders..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alseraye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawabi Alqasim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nouf Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao J, Ye B, Luo L, Yu L. The Effect of Parent Phubbing on Chinese Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction During COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:569-579. [PMID: 35281997 PMCID: PMC8906858 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s349105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 has affected the health and well-being of tens of millions of people and contributed to smartphone addiction. The prior studies found several characteristics that influenced smartphone addiction, but little research was undertaken on the epidemic. This study aims to test a moderated mediation model of smartphone addiction. Methods Three classes in each grade from grade 7 through grade 9 at random were recruited in the target junior high schools. A total of 931 Chinese adolescents (Mage=13.54 years, SDage =1.08) completed valid questionnaires via online surveys from February 5–19, 2021. Results Parent phubbing had a positive effect on smartphone addiction. Boredom proneness played a mediating role in this relationship. Additionally, refusal self-efficacy moderated the effect of parent phubbing on smartphone addiction. Refusal self-efficacy moderated the effect of boredom proneness on smartphone addiction. Conclusion Findings of this study shed light on a correlation between parent phubbing and smartphone addiction. Moreover, this study emphasizes the value of intervening in adolescents’ boredom proneness and increasing the ability of refusal self-efficacy to prevent and intervene in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Baojuan Ye, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 791-88120173, Email
| | - Laisong Luo
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, School of Education, Nanchang, 330108, People’s Republic of China
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Dalpati N, Jena S, Jain S, Sarangi PP. Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100420. [PMID: 35072120 PMCID: PMC8767968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has negatively impacted the global healthcare and economic systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an emotional and psychological pandemic among people of all ages irrespective of economic status and physical wellbeing. As a consequence of prolonged lockdowns, one of the most severely affected age groups globally is the young adults' group, especially students. Uncertainties in the academic calendar, restricted outdoor activities, and unusual daily routines during lockdowns led to higher incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression among students worldwide. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on the effect of lockdowns on students and discuss possible positive impacts of yoga and meditation on various psychological, emotional, and immunological parameters, which can significantly influence the general wellbeing and academic performance of students. Perspectives shared in the review will also bring awareness on how yoga and meditation could boost students' performance and assist them in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing during stressful conditions such as future epidemics and pandemics with novel infections. This information could help create better educational curriculums and healthy routines for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dalpati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Institute Wellness Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Biswas MAAJ, Hasan MT, Samir N, Alin SI, Homaira N, Hassan MZ, Khatun MR, Anjum A, Hossain S, Koly KN, Safa F, Alam SF, Rafi MA, Osman Biswas MAA, Yasmin F, Podder V, Trisa TI, Azad DT, Nodi RN, Ashraf F, Akther SMQ, Ahmed HU. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Medical Students in Bangladesh During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Front Public Health 2022; 9:811345. [PMID: 35174136 PMCID: PMC8841836 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.811345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst very limited studies have demonstrated a correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms amongst Bangladeshi medical students, the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) remains widely unknown. Objective The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression symptoms among Bangladeshi medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Method In this web-based cross-sectional pilot study, medical students' data was collected using the Google Forms web survey platform after obtaining electronic informed consent. A total of 425 medical students were selected using a systematic sampling technique to accumulate depression symptoms and demographic and pandemic-related information. Depression was measured by a self-administered, validated English version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. The descriptive analysis utilized frequency and percentages, while the stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Result Among 425 medical students, 62.3% were female, 97.4% unmarried. Almost 80.2% of medical students had mild to severe levels of depressive symptoms as characterized by PHQ-9. A significantly higher probability of depression was found amongst female students (adjusted OR = 1.8), those who struggled to stay away from social media (adjusted OR = 1.8), those who tried to be optimistic for maintaining better psychology (adjusted OR = 11.1), and those who always had a sleeping difficulty in the last 4 weeks (adjusted OR = 8.9). Conclusion A very high prevalence of depression symptoms among Bangladeshi medical students was found across the majority of socio-demographic variables. The alarming prevalence and associated factors of depression suggests the need for follow-intensity psychosocial interventions designed for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Tasdik Hasan
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh (PHF, BD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh (SUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Samir
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sayma Islam Alin
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md. Zakiul Hassan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Rabeya Khatun
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Afifa Anjum
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh (PHF, BD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Safa
- Department of Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Farida Yasmin
- Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Vivek Podder
- Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tonima Islam Trisa
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fatema Ashraf
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh (PHF, BD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Piya FL, Amin S, Das A, Kabir MA. Impacts of COVID-19 on the Education, Life and Mental Health of Students in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020785. [PMID: 35055604 PMCID: PMC8775812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19’s unanticipated consequences have resulted in the extended closure of various educational institutions, causing significant hardship to students. Even though many institutions rapidly transitioned to online education programs, various issues have emerged that are impacting many aspects of students’ lives. An online survey was conducted with students of Bangladesh to understand how COVID-19 impacted their study, social and daily activities, plans, and mental health. A total of 409 Bangladeshi students took part in a survey. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, 13.7% of all participants are unable to focus on their studies, up from 1.2% previously. More than half of the participants (54%) have spent more time on social media than previously. We found that 45% of the participants have severe to moderate level depression. In addition, 48.6% of the students are experiencing severe to moderate level anxiety. According to our findings, students’ inability to concentrate on their studies, their increased use of social media and electronic communications, changing sleep hours during the pandemic, increased personal care time, and changes in plans are all correlated with their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Liza Piya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh;
| | - Sumaiya Amin
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Anik Das
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ashad Kabir
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-633-86259
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Alzahrani F, Alshahrani NZ, Abu Sabah A, Zarbah A, Abu Sabah S, Mamun MA. Prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems in Saudi general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psych J 2022; 11:18-29. [PMID: 34986503 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis generates evidence of the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) related to the pandemic among the Saudi general population. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed in the respective databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), from 22 July to 17 August 2021, and identified a total of 220 articles. Adhering to the inclusion criteria (i.e., original research concerning the prevalence and/or associated factors of depression and/or anxiety and/or stress disorders among the general Saudi population, published in English peer-reviewed journals), 15 studies were included in this review which consisted of a total of 262,656 participants. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 38%, I2 = 99.58%), 20% (95% CI: 16% to 24%, I2 = 99.32%), and 29% (95% CI: 11% to 47%, I2 = 99.76%), respectively. Risk factors of mental health problems were found to be female sex, younger age group, single/divorced marital status, lower education, lower income, non-Saudis, unemployment status, students, being in a small family and living with elderly of the sociodemographic factors. Smokers, less physical activities, lower resilience, reduced immune status, chronic health problems, and psychiatric illness history were associated with a higher degree of mental health problems. In addition, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related risk factors of mental illness included lack of knowledge, fear, worry and concern, family member or friends' infection or death, lockdown restrictions, quarantine, confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 infection, and even pandemic effects. In conclusion, appropriate mental health preventive approaches for the Saudi general people are highly needed, where this review can be worthy of help by providing in detailed information to the respective authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alzahrani
- Joint Program for Postgraduate Studies in Preventive Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health, General Directorate of Health Affairs in Aseer Region, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Abu Sabah
- Joint Program for Postgraduate Studies in Preventive Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health, General Directorate of Health Affairs in Aseer Region, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajid Zarbah
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Abu Sabah
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Paul G, Rahman MM, Naznin S, Chowdhury M, Uddin MJ. Depression and Anxiety among University Students: A Comparison between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-panic Period in Bangladesh. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh, the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus created a panic situation among the citizen. Specially, the psycho-emotional disorder of the university students is increasing which has not been adequately investigated.
AIM: Relating this, the study aimed to assess the psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
METHOD: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n = 170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n = 170). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires were used to assess the depression and anxiety levels of the students, respectively. Various univariate and multivariable statistical techniques were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% and 52.4% during the panic period and post-panic period, respectively. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and the percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. In post-panic period, depression levels found a slight increase. Urban students reported significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxiety symptoms (p < 0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly varied by family types and student’s place of residence.
CONCLUSIONS: This study compared the depression and anxiety symptoms of the university students during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the difference was small, it remains an issue for the university students in Bangladesh due to the disruption to their academic lives.
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Shahid H, Hasan MA, Ejaz O, Khan HR, Idrees M, Ashraf M, Aftab S, Qazi SA. The Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Recommendations From Joint Work of Research Center and Psychology Clinics in COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:839542. [PMID: 35795030 PMCID: PMC9251409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.839542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the psychological stability of general population of Pakistan. However, research on the severity of COVID-19 induced depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) in Pakistan is scarce. This paper thereby investigates the severity of COVID-19 induced DAS based on demographic, socioeconomic, and personal feeling variables by modeling DAS. Snowball sampling strategy was adopted to conduct online survey from July 03, 2021 to July 09, 2021. Out of 2,442, 2,069 responses from Karachi were included. Descriptive and inferential statistics (binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis) were performed using SPSS V21 (IBM, 2013) to identify significant determinants and their association with DAS severity. The result of this study indicates 27.8, 21.7, and 18.3% respondents suffer from severe and extremely severe states of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed that age is a significant determinant with odds of having 4.72 (95% CI = 1.86-11.97) and 5.86 (95% CI = 2.26-15.2) times greater depression, and stress for respondents aged 19-26 years. Moreover, gender-based difference is also observed with females 1.34 (95% CI = 1.08-1.68) and 1.75 (95% CI = 1.40-2.20) times more likely to exhibit anxiety and stress than males. Furthermore, marital status is a significant determinant of depression with odds of having depression is 0.67 (95% CI = 0.48-0.93) times greater for married population. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that those who believe COVID-19 pandemic has affected them mentally, fear new COVID-19 cases and deaths, depressed due to imposition of lockdown, believe they will not survive COVID-19 infection, and spend more time on social media gathering COVID-19 updates suffer from extremely severe state of depression (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 3.70, OR new-COVID-19-cases-and-deaths = 2.20, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 17.77, OR survival-probability = 8.17, OR time-on-social-media = 9.01), anxiety (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 4.78, OR new-COVID-19-cases-and-deaths = 3.52, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 5.06, OR survival-probability = 8.86, OR time-on-social-media = 5.12) and stress (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 6.07, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 11.38, OR survival-probability = 15.66, OR time-on-social-media = 4.39). Information regarding DAS severity will serve as a platform for research centers and psychological clinics, to work collectively and provide technology-based treatment to reduce the burden on the limited number of psychologist and psychotherapist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Shahid
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Ejaz
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Raza Khan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Al'Shakoor Mental Health Clinic, Al'Shakoor Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan.,Rehabilitation Centre for Drug Addicts, New Horizon Care Centre (NHCC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mishal Ashraf
- Al'Shakoor Mental Health Clinic, Al'Shakoor Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan.,Rehabilitation Centre for Drug Addicts, New Horizon Care Centre (NHCC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Aftab
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Ahmed Qazi
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kaggwa MM, Arinaitwe I, Nduhuura E, Muwanguzi M, Kajjimu J, Kule M, Ajuna N, Machacha I, Nkola R, Najjuka SM, Wamala NK, Bongomin F, Griffiths MD, Rukundo GZ, Mamun MA. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Depression and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:842466. [PMID: 35492697 PMCID: PMC9046690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted psychosocial well-being and mental health of students across the world. Although students are vulnerable to depression and suicidal ideation, few studies have been conducted in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation, and associated factors among undergraduate university students in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates [N = 540; 363 males; mean age = 23.3 (± 2.64) years] recruited from four universities using an online questionnaire that explored sociodemographic factors, depression, and other associated factors. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, and Item 9 was used to assess suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to severe depression was 20% (n = 108) (cut-off: 10/27 based on the PHQ-9), and the prevalence of past-2-week suicidal ideation was 13.89% (n = 75) (cut-off: 1/3 based on the PHQ-9 Item 9). About half of the individuals who screened positive for depression had suicidal ideation. Factors associated with depression were: having relationship issues [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.81, p = 0.012], and having a history of sexual abuse (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.10-3.84, p = 0.023). Factors associated with reducing the risk of depression were: satisfaction with current academic performance (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.79, p = 0.003), and being in the fifth year of academic study (aOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03-0.73, p = 0.018). Factors associated with suicidal ideation were: smoking cigarettes and/or marijuana (aOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 1.10-21.12, p = 0.037), and having financial tuition constraints (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.08-3.16, p = 0.024), However, satisfaction with current academic performance reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.23-0.70, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Approximately one-fifth of undergraduate university students were moderately to severely depressed, especially those who had relationship issues and those with a history of sexual abuse. Suicidal ideation was common among smokers and those having financial tuition constraints. Therefore, it is recommended that the university authorities implement measures to provide psychological support for the students with problems concerning financial tuition constraints, relationships, and sexual abuse. Also, all students with depression should be screened for suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Moses Muwanguzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Moses Kule
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Noble Ajuna
- Department of Nursing, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ivan Machacha
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Rahel Nkola
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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46
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Büttiker P, Stefano GB, Weissenberger S, Ptacek R, Anders M, Raboch J, Kream RM. HIV, HSV, SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola Share Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Sequelae. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2229-2237. [PMID: 36221293 PMCID: PMC9548297 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s382308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, in which disease-related symptoms persist for months after recovery, has led to a revival of the discussion of whether neuropsychiatric long-term symptoms after viral infections indeed result from virulent activity or are purely psychological phenomena. In this review, we demonstrate that, despite showing differences in structure and targeting, many viruses have highly similar neuropsychiatric effects on the host. Herein, we compare severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), Ebola virus disease (EVD), and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). We provide evidence that the mutual symptoms of acute and long-term anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress among these viral infections are likely to result from primary viral activity, thus suggesting that these viruses share neuroinvasive strategies in common. Moreover, it appears that secondary induced environmental stress can lead to the emergence of psychopathologies and increased susceptibility to viral (re)infection in infected individuals. We hypothesize that a positive feedback loop of virus-environment-reinforced systemic responses exists. It is surmised that this cycle of primary virulent activity and secondary stress-induced reactivation, may be detrimental to infected individuals by maintaining and reinforcing the host's immunocompromised state of chronic inflammation, immunological strain, and maladaptive central-nervous-system activity. We propose that this state can lead to perturbed cognitive processing and promote aversive learning, which may manifest as acute, long-term neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Büttiker
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George B Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Weissenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Ptacek
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hossain MJ, Ahmmed F, Khandokar L, Rahman SMA, Hridoy A, Ripa FA, Emran TB, Islam MR, Mitra S, Alam M. Status of psychological health of students following the extended university closure in Bangladesh: Results from a web-based cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000315. [PMID: 36962237 PMCID: PMC10021959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Students' severe affective mental distress has emerged as significant public health attention globally because of the disastrous effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study aimed at exploring the prevalence of two alarming psychological distresses, depression and anxiety, among university students following a prolonged shutdown of educational institutions in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted by deploying two standard scales to assess the depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi students from various universities amid the 2nd stream of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 568 Bangladeshi university students participated in this questionnaire-based survey through various social media platforms. Frequency and percentage distribution as univariate, chi-square (χ2) test as bivariate, and logistic regression as multivariate analyses were applied to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated various sociodemographic factors. After cleaning and eliminating the partial data, we analyzed 465 responses, where 42% were female and 64.3% were from public universities. Both mental disorders were prevalent in more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students. The students from the private universities were two times and 2.7 times more depressed and anxious, respectively than the students from the public universities. In addition, the students who became incomeless had significantly more anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.711; p = 0.018) than those who did not lose income source during the COVID-19 lockdown. The present study revealed that more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students were suffering from depression and anxiety. Several effective measures must be assured by the concerted efforts of university authorities, educationalists, and the Government to alleviate these distressing mental health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Hridoy
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Alam Ripa
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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48
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Hosen I, al-Mamun F, Mamun MA. Prevalence and risk factors of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2021; 8:e47. [PMID: 35145709 PMCID: PMC8794743 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2021.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects people's psychological well-being as well as their risk of physical complications. Under the circumstance, it is essential to synthesize the existing evidence on psychological consequences with a view to fostering policymaking. Thus, a systematic attempt was compiled to review the Bangladeshi literature related to common mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed using Medline or PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PsyArxiv, MedRxiv, and ResearchGate, between 20 December 2020 and 5 March 2021, followed by predetermined eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria for this review were observational studies involving at least one mental health problem (i.e. stress, depression, and anxiety) published in peer-reviewed journals or preprint servers in the English language after the inception of the pandemic in Bangladesh. The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 47% (95% CI 39-55%, I 2 = 99.14%), 47% (95% CI 39-54%, I 2 = 99.78%), and 44% (95% CI 30-58%, I 2 = 99.36%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that students were experiencing a higher rate of depression, anxiety, and stress than general people and healthcare professionals. The associated risk factors of mental health problems were gender, age, residence area, family size, monthly family income, educational status, marital status, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol use, fear of COVID-19, presence of chronic illness, unemployment status, and exposure to COVID-19-related news and social media. This systematic review provides baseline data on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress across various Bangladeshi cohorts, which are anticipated to be helpful to the respective authorities for implementing cohort-specific mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka1342, Bangladesh
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Lewis R, Roden LC, Scheuermaier K, Gomez-Olive FX, Rae DE, Iacovides S, Bentley A, Davy JP, Christie CJ, Zschernack S, Roche J, Lipinska G. The impact of sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviour on symptoms of depression and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of South African participants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24059. [PMID: 34911984 PMCID: PMC8674220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have experienced poor sleep quality and sleep regularity, changes in lifestyle behaviours, and heightened depression and anxiety. However, the inter-relationship and relative strength of those behaviours on mental health outcomes is still unknown. We collected data between 12 May and 15 June 2020 from 1048 South African adults (age: 32.76 ± 14.43 years; n = 767 female; n = 473 students) using an online questionnaire. Using structural equation modelling, we investigated how insomnia symptoms, sleep regularity, exercise intensity/frequency and sitting/screen-use (sedentary screen-use) interacted to predict depressive and anxiety-related symptoms before and during lockdown. We also controlled for the effects of sex and student status. Irrespective of lockdown, (a) more severe symptoms of insomnia and greater sedentary screen-use predicted greater symptoms of depression and anxiety and (b) the effects of sedentary screen-use on mental health outcomes were mediated by insomnia. The effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, however, were only significant during lockdown. Low physical activity predicted greater insomnia symptom severity, which in turn predicted increased depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Overall, relationships between the study variables and mental health outcomes were amplified during lockdown. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining physical activity and reducing sedentary screen-use to promote better sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L C Roden
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - K Scheuermaier
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F X Gomez-Olive
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D E Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Iacovides
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bentley
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J P Davy
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - C J Christie
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - S Zschernack
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - J Roche
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - G Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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50
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Maria Najjuka S, Checkwech G, Olum R, Ashaba S, Mohan Kaggwa M. Depression, anxiety, and stress among Ugandan university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: an online survey. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1533-1543. [PMID: 35283951 PMCID: PMC8889827 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID19 pandemic forced most countries to lockdown, leading to the prolonged closure of many learning institutions. This dramatic shift led to increase of mental illness symptoms among university students. Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Uganda's university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We conducted a one-month online survey using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results Participants n=321 were enrolled with mean age, 24.8(SD=5.1) years and 198(61.7%) were males. The prevalence of mental health symptoms among participants was 80.7%, 98.4%, and 77.9% for depression, high levels of anxiety, and stress, respectively. Statistically significant association between mental health symptoms on multi-logistic regression was found with Males (depression=2.97[1.61–5.48] and stress=1.90[1.07–3.35]), engagement in leisure activity (depression= 1.87[1.01–3.49] and stress=1.98[1.10–3.56]), and being finalist (stress=0.55[0.31- 0.97]). Use of addictive substances seem to potentially alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the short term. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest a high prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Students' mental health should be monitored by all stakeholders, especially as the pandemic progresses.
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