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Wang X, Ma Z, Gao L, Yuan L, Ye Z, Cui F, Guo X, Liu W, Yan X. Genome-wide survey reveals the genetic background of Xinjiang Brown cattle in China. Front Genet 2024; 14:1348329. [PMID: 38283146 PMCID: PMC10811208 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1348329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Xinjiang Brown cattle are a famous dual-purpose (dairy-beef) cultivated breed in China that occupy a pivotal position within the cattle breeding industry in Xinjiang, China. However, little information is available on the genetic background of this breed. To fill this research gap, we conducted a whole-genome screen using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing to examine the genetic structure and diversity of 130 Xinjiang Brown cattle-grazing type (XBG, traditional type) cattle. Methods: A subsequent joint analysis incorporating two ancestral breeds, specifically 19 Brown Swiss (BS) foreign and nine Kazakh (KZ) Chinese cattle, as well as 20 Xinjiang Brown cattle-housing type (XBH) cattle, was used to explore the genetic background of the Xinjiang Brown cattle. Results: The results showed that, after nearly a century of crossbreeding, XBG cattle formed a single population with a stable genetic performance. The genetic structure, genetic diversity, and selection signature analysis of the two ancestral types showed highly different results compared to that of XBH cattle. Local ancestry inference showed that the average proportions of XGB cattle within the BS and KZ cattle lineages were 37.22% and 62.78%, respectively, whereas the average proportions of XBH cattle within the BS and KZ cattle lineages were 95.14% and 4.86%, respectively. Thus, XGB cattle are more representative of all Xinjiang Brown cattle, in line with their breeding history, which involves crossbreeding. Two complementary approaches, fixation index and mean nucleotide diversity, were used to detect selection signals in the four aforementioned cattle breeds. Finally, the analysis of 26 candidate genes in Xinjiang Brown cattle revealed significant enrichment in 19 Gene Ontology terms, and seven candidate genes were enriched in three pathways related to disease resistance (CDH4, SIRPB1, and SIRPα) and the endocrine system (ADCY5, ABCC8, KCNJ11, and KCNMA1). Finally, development of the core SNPs in XBG cattle yielded 8,379 loci. Conclusion: The results of this study detail the evolutionary process of crossbreeding in Xinjiang Brown cattle and provide guidance for selecting and breeding new strains of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, China
| | - Lixin Yuan
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhibing Ye
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Fanrong Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture General Animal Husbandry Station, Yili, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiangmin Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
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Braeuning A, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Carreras-Puigvert J, Feiertag K, Kamstra JH, Knapen D, Lichtenstein D, Marx-Stoelting P, Rietdijk J, Schubert K, Spjuth O, Stinckens E, Thedieck K, van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, von Bergen M, Wewer N, Zalko D. Development of new approach methods for the identification and characterization of endocrine metabolic disruptors-a PARC project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1212509. [PMID: 37456981 PMCID: PMC10349382 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1212509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In past times, the analysis of endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals has mainly been focused on (anti-)estrogenic or (anti-)androgenic properties, as well as on aspects of steroidogenesis and the modulation of thyroid signaling. More recently, disruption of energy metabolism and related signaling pathways by exogenous substances, so-called metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) have come into focus. While general effects such as body and organ weight changes are routinely monitored in animal studies, there is a clear lack of mechanistic test systems to determine and characterize the metabolism-disrupting potential of chemicals. In order to contribute to filling this gap, one of the project within EU-funded Partnership for the Assessment of Risks of Chemicals (PARC) aims at developing novel in vitro methods for the detection of endocrine metabolic disruptors. Efforts will comprise projects related to specific signaling pathways, for example, involving mTOR or xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors, studies on hepatocytes, adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells covering metabolic and morphological endpoints, as well as metabolism-related zebrafish-based tests as an alternative to classic rodent bioassays. This paper provides an overview of the approaches and methods of these PARC projects and how this will contribute to the improvement of the toxicological toolbox to identify substances with endocrine disrupting properties and to decipher their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katreece Feiertag
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonne Rietdijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Neele Wewer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INARE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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3
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Jing X, Zhou J, Zhang N, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou F. A Review of the Effects of Puerarin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233941. [PMID: 36496749 PMCID: PMC9739247 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome related to sugar and lipid metabolic disorders, are the leading causes of premature death around the world. Novel treatment strategies without undesirable effects are urgently needed. As a natural functional ingredient, puerarin is a promising alternative for the treatment of sugar and lipid metabolic disorders. However, the applications of puerarin are limited due to its poor solubility and short half-life. Various drug delivery systems have been investigated to improve the bioavailability of puerarin. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in the beneficial action of puerarin: suppressing the release of glucose and FFA; regulating the transport of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways to decrease the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PPAR signaling pathway to promote β-oxidation; and improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. In addition, the preparation technologies used to improve the bioavailability of puerarin are also summarized in this review, in the hope of helping to promote the application of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
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Lasconi C, Pahl MC, Pippin JA, Su C, Johnson ME, Chesi A, Boehm K, Manduchi E, Ou K, Golson ML, Wells AD, Kaestner KH, Grant SFA. Variant-to-gene-mapping analyses reveal a role for pancreatic islet cells in conferring genetic susceptibility to sleep-related traits. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac109. [PMID: 35537191 PMCID: PMC9366645 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of sleep-trait associated genetic loci in conferring a degree of their effect via pancreatic α- and β-cells, given that both sleep disturbances and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, involve polygenic contributions and complex interactions. We determined genetic commonalities between sleep and metabolic disorders, conducting linkage disequilibrium genetic correlation analyses with publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Then we investigated possible enrichment of sleep-trait associated SNPs in promoter-interacting open chromatin regions within α- and β-cells, intersecting public GWAS reports with our own ATAC-seq and high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C data generated from both sorted human α-cells and an established human beta-cell line (EndoC-βH1). Finally, we identified putative effector genes physically interacting with sleep-trait associated variants in α- and EndoC-βH1cells running variant-to-gene mapping and establish pathways in which these genes are significantly involved. We observed that insomnia, short and long sleep-but not morningness-were significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic traits. Both the EndoC-βH1 and α-cells were enriched for insomnia loci (p = .01; p = .0076), short sleep loci (p = .017; p = .022) and morningness loci (p = 2.2 × 10-7; p = .0016), while the α-cells were also enriched for long sleep loci (p = .034). Utilizing our promoter contact data, we identified 63 putative effector genes in EndoC-βH1 and 76 putative effector genes in α-cells, with these genes showing significant enrichment for organonitrogen and organophosphate biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol and phosphorylation, intracellular transport and signaling, stress responses and cell differentiation. Our data suggest that a subset of sleep-related loci confer their effects via cells in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lasconi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Boehm
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Kristy Ou
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Gong Z, Qin Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Jiang L, Cui D, Zhang M. β-cell function and insulin sensitivity contributions on incident diabetes in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109994. [PMID: 35843312 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative contributions of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity on the deterioration of glucose tolerance from OGTT in patients with endogenous CS. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 60 patients with CS and determined the glucose metabolism and β-cell function through OGTT. Their general characteristics were retrieved. A series of parameters for assessing insulin sensitivity and β-cell function was calculated. The logistic regression model was used to investigate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function contributions on incident diabetes. RESULTS Of the 60 patients with CS, 10 (16.7%), 21 (35%), and 29 (48.3%) were classified as CS/ normal glucose tolerance (NGT), CS/prediabetes, and CS/diabetes mellitus (DM). Compared with the HCs, the CS/NGT patients had higher HOMA-IR and lower ISI-Matsuda but with a compensatory increase in HOMA-β. Significant decreasing trends were observed in HOMA-β, AUCI/G and ΔI30/ΔG30 among CS/NGT, CS/prediabetes and CD/DM groups. The OR of incident diabetes compared with the high AUCI/G/high ISI group was significant in the low AUCI/G/high ISI group. CONCLUSION Impairment of the β-cell function had a more profound effect on incident diabetes than decreased insulin sensitivity. An approach based on an OGTT has utility for diagnosing dysglycaemia and β-cell dysfunction in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Salinno C, Büttner M, Cota P, Tritschler S, Tarquis-Medina M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Burtscher I, Böttcher A, Theis FJ, Bakhti M, Lickert H. CD81 marks immature and dedifferentiated pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101188. [PMID: 33582383 PMCID: PMC7932895 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Islets of Langerhans contain heterogeneous populations of insulin-producing β-cells. Surface markers and respective antibodies for isolation, tracking, and analysis are urgently needed to study β-cell heterogeneity and explore the mechanisms to harness the regenerative potential of immature β-cells. METHODS We performed single-cell mRNA profiling of early postnatal mouse islets and re-analyzed several single-cell mRNA sequencing datasets from mouse and human pancreas and islets. We used mouse primary islets, iPSC-derived endocrine cells, Min6 insulinoma, and human EndoC-βH1 β-cell lines and performed FAC sorting, Western blotting, and imaging to support and complement the findings from the data analyses. RESULTS We found that all endocrine cell types expressed the cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81) during pancreas development, but the expression levels of this protein were gradually reduced in β-cells during postnatal maturation. Single-cell gene expression profiling and high-resolution imaging revealed an immature signature of β-cells expressing high levels of CD81 (CD81high) compared to a more mature population expressing no or low levels of this protein (CD81low/-). Analysis of β-cells from different diabetic mouse models and in vitro β-cell stress assays indicated an upregulation of CD81 expression levels in stressed and dedifferentiated β-cells. Similarly, CD81 was upregulated and marked stressed human β-cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We identified CD81 as a novel surface marker that labels immature, stressed, and dedifferentiated β-cells in the adult mouse and human islets. This novel surface marker will allow us to better study β-cell heterogeneity in healthy subjects and diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany.
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Cottet-Dumoulin D, Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Wassmer CH, Bellofatto K, Parnaud G, Berishvili E, Berney T, Bosco D. Biosynthetic Activity Differs Between Islet Cell Types and in Beta Cells Is Modulated by Glucose and Not by Secretion. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6047597. [PMID: 33367617 PMCID: PMC7940959 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A correct biosynthetic activity is thought to be essential for the long-term function and survival of islet cells in culture and possibly also after islet transplantation. Compared to the secretory activity, biosynthetic activity has been poorly studied in pancreatic islet cells. Here we aimed to assess biosynthetic activity at the single cell level to investigate if protein synthesis is dependent on secretagogues and increased as a consequence of hormonal secretion. Biosynthetic activity in rat islet cells was studied at the single cell level using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) that incorporates into newly translated proteins and chemically ligates to a fluorescent dye by "click" reaction. Heterogeneous biosynthetic activity was observed between the four islet cell types, with delta cells showing the higher relative protein biosynthesis. Beta cells protein biosynthesis was increased in response to glucose while 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, 2 drugs known to stimulate insulin secretion, had no similar effect on protein biosynthesis. However, after several hours of secretion, protein biosynthesis remained high even when cells were challenged to basal conditions. These results suggest that mechanisms regulating secretion and biosynthesis in islet cells are different, with glucose directly triggering beta cells protein biosynthesis, independently of insulin secretion. Furthermore, this OPP labeling approach is a promising method to identify newly synthesized proteins under various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Domenico Bosco, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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β-Cell specific transcription factors in the context of diabetes mellitus and β-cell regeneration. Mech Dev 2020; 163:103634. [PMID: 32711047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All pancreatic cell populations arise from the standard gut endoderm layer in developing embryos, requiring a regulatory gene network to originate and maintain endocrine lineages and endocrine function. The pancreatic organogenesis is regulated by the temporal expression of transcription factors and plays a diverse role in the specification, development, differentiation, maturation, and functional maintenance. Altered expression and activity of these transcription factors are often associated with diabetes mellitus. Recent advancements in the stem cells and invitro derived islets to treat diabetes mellitus has attracted a great deal of interest in the understanding of factors regulating the development, differentiation, and functions of islets including transcription factors. This review discusses the myriad of transcription factors regulating the development of the pancreas, differentiation of β-islets, and how these factors regulated in normal and disease states. Exploring these factors in such critical context and exogenous or endogenous expression of development and differentiation-specific transcription factors with improved epigenetic plasticity/signaling axis in diabetic milieu would useful for the development of β-cells from other cell sources.
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9
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Screening of Some Sulfonamide and Sulfonylurea Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents Targeting BACE1 and PPARγ. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1631243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has emerged as a serious global problem, and it has been considered as the most common type of dementia. PPARγ and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) are considered as potential targets for Alzheimer’s disease management. In the same time, sulfonylureas and sulfonamides have been confirmed to have PPARγ agonistic activity. Aiming to obtain new anti-AD agents, thirty-five compounds of sulfonamide and sulfonylurea derivatives having the same essential pharmacophoric features of the reported PPARγ agonists have been subjected to virtual screening. Docking studies revealed that five compounds (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) have promising affinities to PPARγ. They were also docked into the binding site of BACE1. In addition, ADMET and physicochemical properties of these compounds were considered. Additionally, these compounds were further evaluated against BACE1 and PPARγ. Compound 2 showed IC50 value of 1.64 μM against BACE1 and EC50 value of 0.289 μM against PPARγ.
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Sanapalli BKR, Yele V, Kalidhindi RSR, Singh SK, Gulati M, Karri VVSR. Human beta defensins may be a multifactorial modulator in the management of diabetic wound. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:416-421. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat K. R. Sanapalli
- Department of PharmaceuticsJSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty India
| | - Vidyasrilekha Yele
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryJSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty India
| | - Rama S. R. Kalidhindi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy, North Dakota state university Fargo North Dakota
| | - Sachin K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Punjab India
| | - Monica Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Punjab India
| | - Veera V. S. R. Karri
- Department of PharmaceuticsJSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty India
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11
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Wang L, Gong Y, Li C, Zu Y, Cui S, Wan L, Chen X. Pericentrin expression in pancreatic β cells is associated impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2257-2268. [PMID: 31105833 PMCID: PMC6511801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of pericentrin (PCNT) in impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS Mouse model of specific PCNT reduction in β-cells (PCNTβPCNT) was built using a Tet-on induction system; mouse model of impaired glucose tolerance was built by high-fat feeding. MIN6 cells were divided into control and Si-PCNT groups. RESULTS An obvious decrease in PCNT, F-actin, and insulin expression in Si-PCNT cells (P < 0.01) was observed, and the stimulating effect of GLP-1 on first phase insulin secretion disappeared in Si-PCNT cells. PCNTβ exhibited impaired first phase insulin secretion and abnormal glucose tolerance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Fewer insulin granules smaller than 300 nm were detected in PCNTβ (P < 0.05). PCNT expression decreased progressively with insulin resistance (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). First phase insulin secretion and glucose tolerance decreased with PCNT levels. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was negatively correlated with PCNT expression. CONCLUSIONS PCNT plays an important role in modulating first phase insulin release by adjusting distribution of insulin granules and was closely related to development of impaired glucose tolerance induced by the high-fat diet. PCNT might be a therapeutic target for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese Air Force General Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing 100142, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yuan Zu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
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12
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Carmean CM, Seino S. Braving the Element: Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Adaptation in Response to Arsenic Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31258514 PMCID: PMC6587364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious global health problem, currently affecting an estimated 451 million people worldwide. T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia and low insulin relative to the metabolic demand. The precise contributing factors for a given individual vary, but generally include a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion. Ultimately, the progression to diabetes occurs only after β-cells fail to meet the needs of the individual. The stresses placed upon β-cells in this context manifest as increased oxidative damage, local inflammation, and ER stress, often inciting a destructive spiral of β-cell death, increased metabolic stress due to further insufficiency, and additional β-cell death. Several pathways controlling insulin resistance and β-cell adaptation/survival are affected by a class of exogenous bioactive compounds deemed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Epidemiological studies have shown that, in several regions throughout the world, exposure to the EDC inorganic arsenic (iAs) correlates significantly with T2DM. It has been proposed that a lifetime of exposure to iAs may exacerbate problems with both insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function/survival, promoting the development of T2DM. This review focuses on the mechanisms of iAs action as they relate to known adaptive and maladaptive pathways in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Carmean
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher M. Carmean
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Susumu Seino
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Pant T, Mishra MK, Bai X, Ge ZD, Bosnjak ZJ, Dhanasekaran A. Microarray analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in diabetic cardiomyopathy using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:57-68. [PMID: 30482051 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118813888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the altered expression signature of long non-coding RNAs, mRNAs and deregulated pathways related to diabetic cardiomyopathy disease pathogenesis. METHOD We utilize the previously established in vitro diabetic cardiomyopathy model of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes to perform long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression analysis on glucose (11 mM), endothelin-1 (10 nM) and cortisol (1 µM) stimulated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes to interrogate diabetic cardiomyopathy associated RNA expression profile. RESULT Out of 20,730 mRNAs and 40,173 long non-coding RNAs being screened, 2046 long non-coding RNAs and 1582 mRNAs were differentially regulated (fold change > 2, p < 0.05) between diabetic cardiomyopathy and control group, of which more than half were intergenic and antisense long non-coding RNAs. Most of the coding transcripts were associated with processes like inflammation, structural reorganization, metabolism, smooth muscle contraction, focal adhesion and repair contributing towards the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The subgroup analysis further revealed 411 long non-coding RNAs being co-expressed with neighbouring genes. However, our coding-non-coding co-expression analysis showed an overall 48,155 co-expression network connections. In addition to that, the long non-coding RNAs with highest network connections were profoundly enriched for focal adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion and muscle contraction. CONCLUSION These results provide comprehensive data about the pathways and regulatory mechanisms associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy and indicate that long non-coding RNAs may play a crucial role in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- 1 Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- 2 Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- 3 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- 3 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- 5 Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- 1 Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- 3 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Ye X, Li M, Hou T, Gao T, Zhu WG, Yang Y. Sirtuins in glucose and lipid metabolism. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1845-1859. [PMID: 27659520 PMCID: PMC5352102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved protein, serving as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases or adenosine diphosphate-ribosyltransferases. The mammalian sirtuins family, including SIRT1~7, is involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, senescence, stress response, genome stability and metabolism. Evidence accumulated over the past two decades has indicated that sirtuins not only serve as important energy status sensors but also protect cells against metabolic stresses. In this review, we summarize the background of glucose and lipid metabolism concerning sirtuins and discuss the functions of sirtuins in glucose and lipid metabolism. We also seek to highlight the biological roles of certain sirtuins members in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meiting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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15
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Shao K, Shen LS, Li HH, Huang S, Zhang Y. Systematic-analysis of mRNA expression profiles in skeletal muscle of patients with type II diabetes: The glucocorticoid was central in pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4068-4076. [PMID: 28885689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the past 30 years, the prevalence of diabetes has more than doubled, making it an urgent challenge globally. We carried out systematic analysis with the public data of mRNA expression profiles in skeletal muscle to study the pathogenesis, since insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle is an early feature. We utilized three GEO datasets, containing total 60 cases and 63 normal samples. After the background removal, R package QC was utilized to finish the preprocessing of datasets. We obtained a dataset containing 2481 genes and 123 samples after the preprocessing. Quantitative quality control measures were calculated to represent the quality of these datasets. MetaDE package provides functions for conducting different systematic analysis methods for differential expression analysis. The GO term enrichment was carried out using PANTHER. Protein-protein interactions, drug-gene interactions, and genetic association of the identified differentially expressed genes were analyzed using STRING v10.0 online tool, DGIdb, and the Genetic Association Database, respectively. The datasets had good performances on IQC and EQC, which suggested that the datasets had good internal and external quality. Totally 96 differentially expressed genes were detected using 0.01 as cutoff of AW. The enriched GO terms were mainly associated with the response to glucocorticoid. There were seven genes involving in the gluconeogenesis were differentially expressed, which might be the potential treatment target for this disease. The closely connected networks and potential targets of existed drugs suggested that some of the drugs might be applied to the treatment of diabetes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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16
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Hu J, Easley CJ. Homogeneous Assays of Second Messenger Signaling and Hormone Secretion Using Thermofluorimetric Methods That Minimize Calibration Burden. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8517-8523. [PMID: 28696682 PMCID: PMC5811221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous assays are characterized by rapidity, low cost, and simple workflows. However, relatively few specialized homogeneous platforms have garnered significant use in biological studies. Inconsistencies in matrix interferences, limited multiplexability, and the requirement for specialized instrumentation are among the various reasons for delayed acceptance. Recently, we have shown that DNA-driven protein assays using thermofluorimetric analysis (TFA) can limit matrix interference and promote multiplexing, all while requiring only a standard qPCR instrument for readout. Here, we show that homogeneous, one step (mix-and-read) TFA methods can be extended to the analysis of both a small molecule second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and a downstream cell-secreted hormone, insulin. Differential thermal analysis of DNA melting in these assays allowed analytical discrimination of background and signal without physical separation. The direct-readout, differential nature of TFA also promoted assay consistency and minimized calibration burden; analyte response curves were shown to be highly repeatable for up to 7 months. TFA protocols were validated by homogeneous quantification of both cAMP and insulin from single pancreatic islets undergoing a variety of treatments (glucose, KCl, glucose-responsive insulinotropic peptide (GIP), forskolin) that act upon glucose transporters, potassium and calcium channels, and G-protein-coupled receptors to modulate exocytosis. The results of this study suggest that TFA should be applicable to homogeneous quantification of a variety of small molecule messengers and protein analytes with standard instrumentation, thereby simplifying workflows in studies of cell-signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Christopher J. Easley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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17
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Hauge M, Ekberg JP, Engelstoft MS, Timshel P, Madsen AN, Schwartz TW. Gq and Gs signaling acting in synergy to control GLP-1 secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:64-73. [PMID: 27908836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 is generally known to signal through Gq. However, in transfected cells, certain synthetic agonists can make the receptor signal also through Gs and cAMP (Hauge et al., 2015). Here we find that, in colonic crypt cultures, the GLP-1 secretion induced by such Gq + Gs GPR40 agonists is indeed inhibited by blockers of both Gq and Gs and is eliminated by combining these. This in contrast to Gq-only GPR40 agonists which only are affected by the Gq inhibitor. Importantly, Gq-only GPR40 agonists in combination with low doses of selective synthetic agonists for Gs coupled receptors, e.g. GPR119 and TGR5 provide more than additive GLP-1 secretion both ex vivo and in vivo in mice. It is concluded that under physiological circumstances triglyceride metabolites, i.e. long chain fatty acids and 2-monoacyl glycerol plus bile acids, act synergistically through their respective receptors, GPR40, GPR119 and TGR5 to stimulate GLP-1 secretion robustly by combining Gq and Gs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hauge
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Pio Ekberg
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Storm Engelstoft
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Timshel
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas N Madsen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Lee D, Kim KH, Lee J, Hwang GS, Lee HL, Hahm DH, Huh CK, Lee SC, Lee S, Kang KS. Protective effect of cirsimaritin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:875-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Maintaining glucose homoeostasis is essential for the survival of cells. Despite the various health benefits of Korean thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii), their effects on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and experimentally investigated in this study.
Methods
The effects of C. japonicum var. maackii and its active component cirsimaritin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cytotoxicity were assessed in INS-1 cells. By Western blotting analysis, protein expressions related to apoptosis were evaluated. The involvement of apoptosis was also confirmed with image-based cytometric assay and caspase activity tests.
Key findings
Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract and cirsimaritin in non-toxic concentrations improved cell viability to near normal levels and protected INS-1 cells against STZ-induced damage. In addition, cirsimaritin reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by STZ. Cirsimaritin effectively suppressed apoptosis in pancreatic β cells by decreasing the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, BID and the DNA repair protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and increasing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein expression.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential and action mechanism of cirsimaritin for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ki Huh
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
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Wang H, Shi S, Bao B, Li X, Wang S. Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 124:98-108. [PMID: 25839799 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide, 7WA, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)Da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7WA mainly contained Arabinose and Galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. By using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and NMR, 7WA was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to O-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, and O-4 and O-6 of 1,3-linked galactose residues. The results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed that 7WA significantly augmented insulin secretion at high glucose level (25mM), however, such effect was not seen at low glucose level (5mM). The mechanism study results indicated 7WA, a type II arabinogalactan from Green Tea, enhances GSIS through cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Bin Bao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Minami K, Seino S. Current status of regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:131-41. [PMID: 24843642 PMCID: PMC4019265 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly generated insulin‐secreting cells for use in cell therapy for insulin‐deficient diabetes mellitus require properties similar to those of native pancreatic β‐cells. Pancreatic β‐cells are highly specialized cells that produce a large amount of insulin, and secrete insulin in a regulated manner in response to glucose and other stimuli. It is not yet explained how the β‐cells acquire this complex function during normal differentiation. So far, in vitro generation of insulin‐secreting cells from embryonic stem cells, induced‐pluripotent stem cells and adult stem/progenitor‐like cells has been reported. However, most of these cells are functionally immature and show poor glucose‐responsive insulin secretion compared to that of native pancreatic β‐cells (or islets). Strategies to generate functional β‐cells or a whole organ in vivo have also recently been proposed. Establishing a protocol to generate fully functional insulin‐secreting cells that closely resemble native β‐cells is a critical matter in regenerative medicine for diabetes. Understanding the physiological processes of differentiation, proliferation and regeneration of pancreatic β‐cells might open the path to cell therapy to cure patients with absolute insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Minami
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan ; Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Corp. Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
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Sindelar DK, Carson MW, Morin M, Shaw J, Barr RJ, Need A, Alexander-Chacko J, Coghlan M, Gehlert DR. LLY-2707, a novel nonsteroidal glucocorticoid antagonist that reduces atypical antipsychotic-associated weight gain in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:192-201. [PMID: 24163440 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight gain and diabetes have been reported during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs). Patients treated with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (GRA) and the progesterone receptor antagonist (PRA) mifepristone [estra-4,9-dien-3-one, 11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)-(11β,17β)-(9CI)] experienced significant reduction in the weight gain observed when patients were treated with olanzapine or risperidone. To understand the pharmacology responsible for this finding, we discovered LLY-2707 [N-(5-(tert-butyl)-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylpyridin-4-yl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)methanesulfonamide], a novel and selective GRA, and evaluated its utility in preclinical models of AAPD-associated weight gain and diabetes. In vitro, LLY-2707 was a highly selective and potent GRA. GR occupancy in vivo was assessed using ex vivo binding where LLY-2707 inhibited [(3)H]dexamethasone binding to the liver. Modest but statistically significant decreases in brain ex vivo binding were observed with high doses of CORT-108297 [(R)-4α-(ethoxymethyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline] and LLY-2707, but mifepristone inhibited at all doses. Central activity of the GRAs was confirmed by their ability to suppress amphetamine-induced increases in locomotor activity. The increases in the body weight of female rats treated with olanzapine (2 mg/kg PO) over 14 days were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by coadministration of LLY-2707. Similar decreases, although less robust, in body weight were seen with mifepristone and CORT-108297. In addition, sGRAs prevented the glucose excursion after intragastric olanzapine infusions consistent with a direct effect on the hyperglycemia observed during treatment with AAPDs. At doses effectively preventing weight gain, LLY-2707 did not substantially interfere with the dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by olanzapine. Therefore, GRA coadministration may provide a novel treatment modality to prevent the weight gain and diabetes observed during treatment with AAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Sindelar
- Neuroscience and Endocrine Divisions, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Song WJ, Mondal P, Li Y, Lee SE, Hussain MA. Pancreatic β-cell response to increased metabolic demand and to pharmacologic secretagogues requires EPAC2A. Diabetes 2013; 62:2796-807. [PMID: 23578994 PMCID: PMC3717830 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Incretin hormone action on β-cells stimulates in parallel two different intracellular cyclic AMP-dependent signaling branches mediated by protein kinase A and exchange protein activated by cAMP islet/brain isoform 2A (EPAC2A). Both pathways contribute toward potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the overall functional role of EPAC2A in β-cells as it relates to in vivo glucose homeostasis remains incompletely understood. Therefore, we have examined in vivo GSIS in global EPAC2A knockout mice. Additionally, we have conducted in vitro studies of GSIS and calcium dynamics in isolated EPAC2A-deficient islets. EPAC2A deficiency does not impact GSIS in mice under basal conditions. However, when mice are exposed to diet-induced insulin resistance, pharmacologic secretagogue stimulation of β-cells with an incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 analog or with a fatty acid receptor 1/G protein-coupled receptor 40 selective activator, EPAC2A is required for the increased β-cell response to secretory demand. Under these circumstances, EPAC2A is required for potentiating the early dynamic increase in islet calcium levels after glucose stimulation, which is reflected in potentiated first-phase insulin secretion. These studies broaden our understanding of EPAC2A function and highlight its significance during increased secretory demand or drive on β-cells. Our findings advance the rationale for developing EPAC2A-selective pharmacologic activators for β-cell-targeted pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suh Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mehboob A. Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Corresponding author: Mehboob A. Hussain,
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Glucocorticoids and type 2 diabetes: from physiology to pathology. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:525093. [PMID: 23316348 PMCID: PMC3536319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/525093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors, leading to heterogeneous and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Overweight and obesity are major contributors to the development of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. The inability of β cells to secrete enough insulin produces type 2 diabetes. Abnormalities in other hormones such as reduced secretion of the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), hyperglucagonemia, and raised concentrations of other counterregulatory hormones also contribute to insulin resistance, reduced insulin secretion, and hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Clinical-overt and experimental cortisol excess is associated with profound metabolic disturbances of intermediate metabolism resulting in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and low HDL-cholesterol levels, which can lead to diabetes. It was therefore suggested that subtle abnormalities in cortisol secretion and action are one of the missing links between insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to address the role of glucocorticoids on glucose homeostasis and to explain the relationship between hypercortisolism and type 2 diabetes.
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Ying Y, Li L, Cao W, Yan D, Zeng Q, Kong X, Lu L, Yan M, Xu X, Qu J, Su Q, Ma X. The microtubule associated protein syntabulin is required for glucose-stimulated and cAMP-potentiated insulin secretion. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3674-80. [PMID: 22975310 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Syntabulin is a microtubule-associated protein that mediates anterograde transport of vesicles to neuronal processes. Here, we found that syntabulin was expressed in mouse pancreas and insulin-secreting β-cells, and that it partially co-localized with microtubule and insulin-containing granules. The association of syntabulin with these organelles increased upon glucose stimulation. Knock-down of syntabulin by shRNA reduced both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and diminished cAMP-Epac2 and cAMP-PKA potentiated insulin secretion. Additionally, syntabulin was preferentially phosphorylated by the Epac2 agonist 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, suggesting that syntabulin could be a novel effector of Epac2 and play a critical role in cAMP-enhanced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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Roix JJ, DeCrescenzo GA, Cheung PH, Ciallella JR, Sulpice T, Saha S, Halse R. Effect of the antipsychotic agent amisulpride on glucose lowering and insulin secretion. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:329-34. [PMID: 22059694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of the second generation antipsychotic (R/S)-amisulpride, and the chirally purified enantiomers, on glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS Normal and DIO mice were treated with pharmacologically relevant doses of amisulpride prior to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, prolactin and amisulpride drug levels were determined. RESULTS Racemic amisulpride significantly reduced glucose excursions during OGTT in both normal and DIO mice. This potent effect was preserved with the 'off-isomer', R-amisulpride (ED(50) 1 mg/kg). Insulin secretion was significantly increased with R-amisulpride with only a minor increase in prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS Amisulpride has antidiabetic actions in DIO mice resulting from increased insulin secretion. This provides some explanation for why amisulpride, unlike other atypical antipsychotics, is not diabetogenic in man. Furthermore, the observation that R-amisulpride is also antidiabetic and has minimal impact on prolactin levels presents the opportunity for development of this isomer as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Roix
- BioMed Valley Discoveries Inc., 4520 Main Street, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
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Mazziotti G, Gazzaruso C, Giustina A. Diabetes in Cushing syndrome: basic and clinical aspects. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:499-506. [PMID: 21993190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a frequent complication of Cushing syndrome (CS) which is caused by chronic exposure to glucocorticoid excess, either endogenous or exogenous, and that is characterized by several clinical symptoms such as central obesity, purple striae, proximal muscle weakness, acne, hirsutism and neuropsychological disturbances. Diabetes occurs as a consequence of an insulin-resistant state together with impaired insulin secretion which are induced by glucocorticoid excess. The management of patients with CS and diabetes mellitus includes the treatment of hyperglycemia and, when possible, the correction of glucocorticoid excess. This review focuses on the disorders of glucose metabolism in patients exposed to glucocorticoid excess, addressing both the pathophysiological aspects and the clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Brescia, Endocrine Service, Montichiari Hospital, 25018, Brescia, Italy
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