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Bajaj G, Singh V, Sagar P, Gupta R, Singhal NK. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 targeted siRNA promotes wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice by restoring glucose homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132504. [PMID: 38772464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
It is well-accepted that the liver plays a vital role in the metabolism of glucose and its homeostasis. Dysregulated hepatic glucose production and utilization, leads to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In the current study, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis of nanoformulation-treated T2DM mice (TGthr group) revealed beneficial crosstalk of PCK-1 silencing with other pathways involved in T2DM. The comparison of precise genetic expression profiles of the different experimental groups showed significantly improved hepatic glucose, fatty acid metabolism and several other T2DM-associated crucial markers after the nanoformulation treatment. As a result of these improvements, we observed a significant acceleration in wound healing and improved insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells in the TGthr group as compared to the T2DM group. Enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins in the TGthr group resulted in increased angiogenesis as observed by the increased expression of endothelial cell markers (CD31, CD34) thereby improving endothelial dysfunctions in the TGthr group. Additionally, therapeutic nanoformulation has been observed to improve the inflammatory cytokine profile in the TGthr group. Overall, our results demonstrated that the synthesized therapeutic nanoformulation referred to as GPR8:PCK-1siRNA holds the potential in ameliorating hyperglycemia-associated complications such as delayed wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bajaj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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2
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Bi HE, Zhang J, Yao Y, Wang S, Yao J, Shao Z, Jiang Q. Expression and functional significance of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in uveal melanoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:196. [PMID: 38670942 PMCID: PMC11053060 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM), an uncommon yet potentially life-threatening ocular cancer, arises from melanocytes in the uveal tract of the eye. The exploration of novel oncotargets for UVM is of paramount importance. In this study, we show that PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) expression is upregulated in various UVM tissues as well as in primary UVM cells and immortalized lines. Furthermore, bioinformatics studies reveal that PCK1 overexpression in UVM correlates with advanced disease stages and poor patient survival. Genetic silencing (utilizing viral shRNA) or knockout (via CRISPR/Cas9) of PCK1 significantly curtailed cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and motility, while provoking apoptosis in primary and immortalized UVM cells. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of PCK1, achieved through a viral construct, bolstered UVM cell proliferation and migration. Gαi3 expression and Akt phosphorylation were reduced following PCK1 silencing or knockout, but increased after PCK1 overexpression in UVM cells. Restoring Akt phosphorylation through a constitutively active mutant Akt1 (S473D) ameliorated the growth inhibition, migration suppression, and apoptosis induced by PCK1 silencing in UVM cells. Additionally, ectopic expression of Gαi3 restored Akt activation and counteracted the anti-UVM cell effects by PCK1 silencing. In vivo, the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of primary human UVM cells was significantly inhibited following intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus (aav) expressing PCK1 shRNA. PCK1 depletion, Gαi3 downregulation, Akt inhibition, proliferation arrest, and apoptosis were detected in PCK1-silenced UVM xenografts. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PCK1 promotes UVM cell growth possibly by modulating the Gαi3-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-E Bi
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujia Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhijiang Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Luo G, Gong R, Ai Y, Zhu T, Ren Z. Identification of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Factors and the Prediction of the Regulatory Mechanism of Hair Follicle Development in Rex and Hycole Rabbits. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1448. [PMID: 37998047 PMCID: PMC10669094 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicle development directly affects the development of the rabbit fur industry. The growth and development of a hair follicle is modified and regulated by many genes and mechanisms. M6A is an important RNA modification. However, there are few studies on the effects of the regulation of m6A on hair follicle growth and development. In this study, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to explore the difference in hair follicle development between Rex rabbits and Hycole rabbits, and we performed m6A sequencing to identify the key genes with m6A modification in hair follicle growth. The results showed that the hair length, coarse hair percentage, primary hair follicle ratio, and skin thickness of Hycole rabbits were significantly higher than those of Rex rabbits. However, the proportion of secondary hair follicles in Hycole rabbits was significantly lower than that in Rex rabbits. In addition, we found five differential methylases, 20 differential genes, and 24 differential signaling pathways related to hair growth and development. The results of the Sankey diagram showed that 12 genes were related to 13 signal pathways. Finally, we found that five methylases regulated the development of hair follicles through differential genes/signal pathways. These findings laid a molecular foundation for the function of m6A modification in hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.L.); (R.G.); (Y.A.); (T.Z.)
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Ruiguang Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.L.); (R.G.); (Y.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yaotian Ai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.L.); (R.G.); (Y.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tongyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.L.); (R.G.); (Y.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.L.); (R.G.); (Y.A.); (T.Z.)
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4
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Ikeda H, Mikami R, Yonemochi N, Waddington JL. Regulation of plasma glucose levels by central dopamine D 2 receptors is impaired in type 1 but not type 2 diabetic mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175984. [PMID: 37567458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is reported to be regulated by the central nervous system, but it is unclear whether this regulation is altered in diabetes. We investigated whether regulation of glucose metabolism by central dopamine D2 receptors is altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetic models. Intracerebroventricular injections of both the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and the antagonist l-sulpiride induced hyperglycemia in control mice, but not in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, a type 1 diabetic model. Hyperglycemia induced by quinpirole or l-sulpiride was diminished following fasting and these drugs did not affect hyperglycemia in the pyruvate tolerance test. In addition, both quinpirole and l-sulpiride increased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNA. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus, which regulates glucose homeostasis, were decreased. Hepatic glycogen and G6Pase mRNA were also decreased in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Neither quinpirole nor l-sulpiride increased hepatic G6Pase mRNA in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In diet-induced obesity mice, a type 2 diabetic model, both quinpirole and l-sulpiride induced hyperglycemia, and hypothalamic dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA were not altered. These results indicate that (i) stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors causes hyperglycemia by increasing hepatic glycogenolysis, and (ii) stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors does not affect glucose levels in type 1 but does so in type 2 diabetic models. Moreover, hypothalamic dopaminergic function and hepatic glycogenolysis are decreased in the type 1 diabetic model, which reduces hyperglycemia induced by stimulation or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risa Mikami
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naomi Yonemochi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Song H, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Deng R, Zheng X. Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols ameliorate hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism in mice with obesity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6531-6539. [PMID: 37225676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia are common metabolic complications of obesity. The objective of the present study is to investigate the in vivo protective effect of Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols (ACFP) on hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of ACFP. Thirty-six specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks old, weighing 17.1-19.9 g) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat energy), HFD (45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with ACFP by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS The results showed that the body weight gain, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance index, and steatosis grade in the ACFP group decreased by 29.57%, 26.25%, 27.4%, 19.6%, 40.32%, and 40%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. Gene expression analysis indicated that ACFP treatment improved the gene expression profiles involved in lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the HFD group. CONCLUSION ACFP protected from HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by improving lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Sun Y, Sun B, Han X, Shan A, Ma Q. Leucine Supplementation Ameliorates Early-Life Programming of Obesity in Rats. Diabetes 2023; 72:1409-1423. [PMID: 37196349 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The advanced cessation of lactation elevates the risk of programmed obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in adulthood. This study used multiomic analysis to investigate the mechanism behind this phenomenon and the effects of leucine supplementation on ameliorating programmed obesity development. Wistar/SD rat offspring were subjected to early weaning (EW) at day 17 (EWWIS and EWSD groups) or normal weaning at day 21 (CWIS and CSD groups). Half of the rats from the EWSD group were selected to create a new group with 2-month leucine supplementation at day 150. The results showed that EW impaired lipid metabolic gene expression and increased insulin, neuropeptide Y, and feed intake, inducing obesity in adulthood. Six lipid metabolism-related genes (Acot1, Acot2, Acot4, Scd, Abcg8, and Cyp8b1) were influenced by EW during the entire experimental period. Additionally, adult early-weaned rats exhibited cholesterol and fatty acid β-oxidation disorders, liver taurine reduction, cholestasis, and insulin and leptin resistance. Leucine supplementation partly alleviated these metabolic disorders and increased liver L-carnitine, retarding programmed obesity development. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of programmed obesity development and the potential benefits of leucine supplementation, which may offer suggestions for life planning and programmed obesity prevention. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Early-weaned adult rats showed excess lipid accumulation and metabolic defects. Early weaning disrupts lipid metabolism and secretion of neuropeptide Y and insulin. The altered lipid metabolic gene expression in this study is vital in programming. Leucine mitigates metabolic disorders and hampers programmed obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuesong Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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7
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Kumar A, Schwab M, Laborit Labrada B, Silveira MAD, Goudreault M, Fournier É, Bellmann K, Beauchemin N, Gingras AC, Bilodeau S, Laplante M, Marette A. SHP-1 phosphatase acts as a coactivator of PCK1 transcription to control gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105164. [PMID: 37595871 PMCID: PMC10504565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 (PTPN6) negatively regulates insulin signaling, but its impact on hepatic glucose metabolism and systemic glucose control remains poorly understood. Here, we use co-immunoprecipitation assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, in silico methods, and gluconeogenesis assay, and found a new mechanism whereby SHP-1 acts as a coactivator for transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) gene to increase liver gluconeogenesis. SHP-1 is recruited to the regulatory regions of the PCK1 gene and interacts with RNA polymerase II. The recruitment of SHP-1 to chromatin is dependent on its association with the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Loss of SHP-1 as well as STAT5 decrease RNA polymerase II recruitment to the PCK1 promoter and consequently PCK1 mRNA levels leading to blunted gluconeogenesis. This work highlights a novel nuclear role of SHP-1 as a key transcriptional regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis adding a new mechanism to the repertoire of SHP-1 functions in metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beisy Laborit Labrada
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maruhen Amir Datsch Silveira
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilyn Goudreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Department of Oncology, Medicine and Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Liu N, Yang X, Guo J, Zhang L, Huang S, Chen J, Huang J, Chen Y, Cui T, Zheng Y, Li T, Tang K, Zhong Y, Duan S, Yu L, Tang Y, Zheng D, Pan H, Gao Y. Hepatic ZBTB22 promotes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance via PEPCK1-driven gluconeogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56390. [PMID: 37154299 PMCID: PMC10240208 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive gluconeogenesis can lead to hyperglycemia and diabetes through as yet incompletely understood mechanisms. Herein, we show that hepatic ZBTB22 expression is increased in both diabetic clinical samples and mice, being affected by nutritional status and hormones. Hepatic ZBTB22 overexpression increases the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes, heightening glucose output and lipids accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs), while ZBTB22 knockdown elicits opposite effects. Hepatic ZBTB22 overexpression induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, accompanied by moderate hepatosteatosis, while ZBTB22-deficient mice display improved energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity, and reduced hepatic steatosis. Moreover, hepatic ZBTB22 knockout beneficially regulates gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes, thereby alleviating glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis in db/db mice. ZBTB22 directly binds to the promoter region of PCK1 to enhance its expression and increase gluconeogenesis. PCK1 silencing markedly abolishes the effects of ZBTB22 overexpression on glucose and lipid metabolism in both MPHs and mice, along with the corresponding changes in gene expression. In conclusion, targeting hepatic ZBTB22/PEPCK1 provides a potential therapeutic approach for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Key Specialty of Clinical PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shangyi Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingjian Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianqi Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Zheng
- Faculty of Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaijia Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yadi Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Siwei Duan
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Lili Yu
- Faculty of Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Department of HepatologyTCM‐Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of HepatopancreatobiliaryCancer Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal MedicineThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasTXDallasUSA
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9
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Zhang K, Yang C, Zhou X, Liang J, Guo J, Li M, Zhang Y, Shao S, Sun P, Li K, Huang J, Chen F, Liang X, Su D. TRIM21 ameliorates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus by ubiquitination of PEPCK1 and FASN. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:168. [PMID: 37249651 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorders promote the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identify tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), a class IV TRIM family member, as a pivotal regulator of hepatic metabolism in T2DM for the first time. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that TRIM21 expression is significantly reduced in T2DM patients. Intriguingly, in a mouse model of obese diabetes, TRIM21 expression is predominantly reduced in the liver rather than in other metabolic organs. It is further demonstrated that hepatic overexpression of TRIM21 significantly ameliorates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia in obese diabetic mice. In contrast, the knockdown of TRIM21 promotes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and triglyceride accumulation. Mechanistically, both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) are the hepatic targets of TRIM21. We revealed that TRIM21 promotes the degradation of PEPCK1 and FASN through a direct protein-protein interaction mediated K48-linked ubiquitination. Notably, overexpression of PEPCK1 and FASN essentially abolished the beneficial effects achieved by TRIM21 overexpression in obese diabetic mice. Overall, our data demonstrate that TRIM21 is a novel regulator of hepatic metabolic disorder, and suggest TRIM21 as a promising therapeutic target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaini Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jianjin Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Shulin Shao
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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10
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Tammineni ER, Figueroa L, Manno C, Varma D, Kraeva N, Ibarra CA, Klip A, Riazi S, Rios E. Muscle calcium stress cleaves junctophilin1, unleashing a gene regulatory program predicted to correct glucose dysregulation. eLife 2023; 12:e78874. [PMID: 36724092 PMCID: PMC9891728 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion movements between cellular stores and the cytosol govern muscle contraction, the most energy-consuming function in mammals, which confers skeletal myofibers a pivotal role in glycemia regulation. Chronic myoplasmic calcium elevation ("calcium stress"), found in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) patients and multiple myopathies, has been suggested to underlie the progression from hyperglycemia to insulin resistance. What drives such progression remains elusive. We find that muscle cells derived from MHS patients have increased content of an activated fragment of GSK3β - a specialized kinase that inhibits glycogen synthase, impairing glucose utilization and delineating a path to hyperglycemia. We also find decreased content of junctophilin1, an essential structural protein that colocalizes in the couplon with the voltage-sensing CaV1.1, the calcium channel RyR1 and calpain1, accompanied by an increase in a 44 kDa junctophilin1 fragment (JPh44) that moves into nuclei. We trace these changes to activated proteolysis by calpain1, secondary to increased myoplasmic calcium. We demonstrate that a JPh44-like construct induces transcriptional changes predictive of increased glucose utilization in myoblasts, including less transcription and translation of GSK3β and decreased transcription of proteins that reduce utilization of glucose. These effects reveal a stress-adaptive response, mediated by the novel regulator of transcription JPh44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwar R Tammineni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Lourdes Figueroa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Carlo Manno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Disha Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Natalia Kraeva
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Management, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Carlos A Ibarra
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Management, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Management, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Eduardo Rios
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush UniversityChicagoUnited States
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11
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Silva LCL, de Souza GH, Pateis VDO, Ames-Sibin AP, Silva BP, Bracht L, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Sá-Nakanishi AB. Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by Boldine in the Perfused Liver: Therapeutical Implication for Glycemic Control. Int J Hepatol 2023; 2023:1283716. [PMID: 37056327 PMCID: PMC10089784 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1283716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaloid boldine occurs in the Chilean boldo tree (Peumus boldus). It acts as a free radical scavenger and controls glycemia in diabetic rats. Various mechanisms have been proposed for this effect, including inhibited glucose absorption, stimulated insulin secretion, and increased expression of genes involved in glycemic control. Direct effects on glucose synthesis and degradation were not yet measured. To fill this gap, the present study is aimed at ensuring several metabolic pathways linked to glucose metabolism (e.g., gluconeogenesis) in the isolated perfused rat liver. In order to address mechanistic issues, energy transduction in isolated mitochondria and activities of gluconeogenic key enzymes in tissue preparations were also measured. Boldine diminished mitochondrial ROS generation, with no effect on energy transduction in isolated mitochondria. It inhibited, however, at least three enzymes of the gluconeogenic pathway, namely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-bisphosphatase-1, and glucose 6-phosphatase, starting at concentrations below 50 μM. Consistently, in the perfused liver, boldine decreased lactate-, alanine-, and fructose-driven gluconeogenesis with IC50 values of 71.9, 85.2, and 83.6 μM, respectively. Conversely, the compound also increased glycolysis from glycogen-derived glucosyl units. The hepatic ATP content was not affected by boldine. It is proposed that the direct inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by boldine, combined with the increase of glycolysis, could be an important event behind the diminished hyperglycemia observed in boldine-treated diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Cristina Lima Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanesa de Oliveira Pateis
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ames-Sibin
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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12
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Onyango AN. Excessive gluconeogenesis causes the hepatic insulin resistance paradox and its sequelae. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12294. [PMID: 36582692 PMCID: PMC9792795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic insulin signaling suppresses gluconeogenesis but promotes de novo lipid synthesis. Paradoxically, hepatic insulin resistance (HIR) enhances both gluconeogenesis and de novo lipid synthesis. Elucidation of the etiology of this paradox, which participates in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma, has not been fully achieved. Scope of review This article briefly outlines the previously proposed hypotheses on the etiology of the HIR paradox. It then discusses literature consistent with an alternative hypothesis that excessive gluconeogenesis, the direct effect of HIR, is responsible for the aberrant lipogenesis. The mechanisms involved therein are explained, involving de novo synthesis of fructose and uric acid, promotion of glutamine anaplerosis, and induction of glucagon resistance. Thus, gluconeogenesis via lipogenesis promotes hepatic steatosis, a component of NAFLD, and dyslipidemia. Gluconeogenesis-centred mechanisms for the progression of NAFLD from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis are suggested. That NAFLD often precedes and predicts type 2 diabetes is explained by the ability of lipogenesis to cushion against blood glucose dysregulation in the earlier stages of NAFLD. Major conclusions HIR-induced excessive gluconeogenesis is a major cause of the HIR paradox and its sequelae. Such involvement of gluconeogenesis in lipid synthesis rationalizes the fact that several types of antidiabetic drugs ameliorate NAFLD. Thus, dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological targeting of HIR and hepatic gluconeogenesis may be a most viable approach for the prevention and management of the HIR-associated network of diseases.
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13
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Ismail Y, Fahmy DM, Ghattas MH, Ahmed MM, Zehry W, Saleh SM, Abo-elmatty DM. Integrating experimental model, LC-MS/MS chemical analysis, and systems biology approach to investigate the possible antidiabetic effect and mechanisms of Matricaria aurea (Golden Chamomile) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924478. [PMID: 36160451 PMCID: PMC9490514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disease with numerous abnormal targets and pathways involved in insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, beta cell dysfunction, and epigenetic factors. Botanical drugs provide a large chemical space that can modify various targets simultaneously. Matricaria aurea (MA, golden chamomile) is a widely used herb in Middle Eastern communities for many ailments, including diabetes mellitus, without any scientific basis to support this tradition. For the first time, this study aimed to investigate the possible antidiabetic activity of MA in a type 2 diabetic rat model, identify chemical constituents by LC-MS/MS, and then elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) using enzyme activity assays, q-RTPCR gene expression analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking simulation. Our results demonstrated that only the polar hydroethanolic extract of MA had remarkable antidiabetic activity. Furthermore, it improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance status, ALT, and AST levels. LC-MS/MS analysis of MA hydroethanolic extract identified 62 compounds, including the popular chamomile flavonoids apigenin and luteolin, other flavonoids and their glycosides, coumarin derivatives, and phenolic acids. Based on pharmacokinetic screening and literature, 46 compounds were chosen for subsequent network analysis, which linked to 364 candidate T2DM targets from various databases and literature. The network analysis identified 123 hub proteins, including insulin signaling and metabolic proteins: IRS1, IRS2, PIK3R1, AKT1, AKT2, MAPK1, MAPK3, and PCK1, inflammatory proteins: TNF and IL1B, antioxidant enzymes: CAT and SOD, and others. Subsequent filtering identified 40 crucial core targets (major hubs) of MA in T2DM treatment. Functional enrichment analyses of the candidate targets revealed that MA targets were mainly involved in the inflammatory module, energy-sensing/endocrine/metabolic module, and oxidative stress module. q-RTPCR gene expression analysis showed that MA hydroethanolic extract was able to significantly upregulate PIK3R1 and downregulate IL1B, PCK1, and MIR29A. Moreover, the activity of the antioxidant hub enzymes was substantially increased. Molecular docking scores were also consistent with the networks’ predictions. Based on experimental and computational analysis, this study revealed for the first time that MA exerted antidiabetic action via simultaneous modulation of multiple targets and pathways, including inflammatory pathways, energy-sensing/endocrine/metabolic pathways, and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Natural Products Unit, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Yassin Ismail,
| | - Dina M. Fahmy
- Natural Products Unit, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maivel H. Ghattas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Ahmed
- Natural Products Unit, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Zehry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samy M. Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Abo-elmatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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14
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Luo G, Wang S, Ai Y, Li J, Ren Z. N6-Methyladenosine Methylome Profiling of Muscle and Adipose Tissues Reveals Methylase-mRNA Metabolic Regulatory Networks in Fat Deposition of Rex Rabbits. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070944. [PMID: 36101325 PMCID: PMC9312354 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal form of modification in messenger RNA in higher eukaryotes and plays an important role in cancer, immunity, reproduction, development, and fat deposition. Intramuscular fat is the main factor used to measure the meat quality of an animal. The deposition of intramuscular fat and perirenal fat increases with age. However, there is no data on m6A modification of Rex rabbits and its potential biological roles in adipose deposition and muscle growth. Here, we performed two high-throughput sequencing methods, m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequence (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequence (RNA-seq), to identify key genes with m6A modification on fat deposition in the muscle and adipose tissues of Rex rabbits. Then, qRT-PCR was used to identify the differently methylated genes related to fat deposition. Our findings showed that there were 12,876 and 10,973 m6A peaks in the rabbit muscle and adipose tissue transcriptomes, respectively. Stop codons, 3′-untranslated regions, and coding regions were found to be mainly enriched for m6A peaks. In addition, we found 5 differential methylases and 12 key genes of methylation modification related to fat deposition between muscle and adipose tissues samples. The expression levels of six random key genes were significantly higher in the fat than that in the muscle of Rex rabbits at different stages (p < 0.01). Finally, five differential methylases were found to regulate adipogenesis by affecting the expression of screened genes in different ways. These findings provided a theoretical basis for our future research on the function of m6A modification during the growth of fat deposits.
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15
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Yao J, Wu XY, Yu Q, Yang SF, Yuan J, Zhang ZQ, Xue JS, Jiang Q, Chen MB, Xue GH, Cao C. The requirement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6928. [PMID: 35622925 PMCID: PMC9140980 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We here examined the potential biological function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in angiogenesis. shRNA- or CRISPR-Cas9-induced PCK1 depletion potently inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, sprouting, and tube formation, whereas ectopic PCK1 overexpression exerted opposite activity. In HUVECs, Gαi3 expression and Akt activation were decreased following PCK1 depletion, but were augmented by ectopic PCK1 overexpression. In vivo, retinal expression of PCK1 gradually increased from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P5. The intravitreous injection of endothelial-specific PCK1 shRNA adenovirus at P1 potently inhibited the radial extension of vascular plexus at P5. Conditional endothelial knockdown of PCK1 in adult mouse retina increased vascular leakage and the number of acellular capillaries while decreasing the number of RGCs in murine retinas. In diabetic retinopathy patients, PCK1 mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in retinal tissues. Together, PCK1 is essential for angiogenesis possibly by mediating Gαi3 expression and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-yuan Wu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo-fei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-song Xue
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Guan-hua Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Cao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Combination of TRP channel dietary agonists induces energy expending and glucose utilizing phenotype in HFD-fed mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:153-161. [PMID: 34564707 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive dietary constituents activating Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as promising candidates for the prevention of metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study is an attempt to evaluate anti-obesity potential of a dietary TRP-based tri-agonist, combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist), menthol (TRPM8 agonist), and cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1 agonist) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. DESIGN Male C57BL/6 J mice divided into three groups (n = 8), were fed on normal pellet diet (NPD), or high-fat diet (HFD) (60% energy by fat) and HFD + CB (combination of capsaicin 0.4 mg/Kg, menthol 20 mg/Kg, and cinnamaldehyde 2 mg/Kg; p.o) for 12 weeks. Effects on HFD-induced weight gain, biochemical, histological and genomic changes in the WAT, BAT, liver and hypothalamus tissues were studied. RESULTS Administration of tri-agonist prevented HFD-induced increase in weight gain, improved altered morphometric parameters, glucose homeostasis, and adipose tissue hypertrophy. Tri-agonist supplementation was found to induce browning of white adipose tissue and promote brown adipose tissue activation. Enhanced glucose utilization and prevention of lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in the liver was observed in mice supplemented with a tri-agonist. CONCLUSION The present work provides evidence that the new approach based on combination of sub-effective doses of TRP channel agonists (TRI-AGONIST) can be employed to develop concept-based functional food for therapeutic and preventive strategies against HFD-associated pathological complications.
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17
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López-Soldado I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Hepatic overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen attenuates obesity and improves hyperglycemia in db/db mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:969924. [PMID: 36157460 PMCID: PMC9500150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.969924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased liver glycogen content has been shown to reduce food intake, attenuate obesity, and improve glucose tolerance in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Here we studied the contribution of liver glycogen to the regulation of obesity and glucose metabolism in a model of type 2 diabetes and obesity, namely the db/db mouse. To this end, we crossed db/db mice with animals overexpressing protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver to generate db/db mice with increased liver glycogen content (db/db-PTG). Hepatic PTG overexpression reduced food intake and fat weight and attenuated obesity and hyperglycemia in db/db mice. Db/db-PTG mice showed similar energy expenditure and physical activity to db/db mice. PTG overexpression reduced liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) protein levels and repressed hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. Moreover, increased liver glycogen elevated hepatic ATP content in these animals. However, lipid metabolism was not modified by PTG overexpression. In conclusion, increased liver glycogen content ameliorates the diabetic and obesity phenotype in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Iliana López-Soldado,
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Yu S, Meng S, Xiang M, Ma H. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cell metabolism: Roles and mechanisms beyond gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101257. [PMID: 34020084 PMCID: PMC8190478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) has been almost exclusively recognized as a critical enzyme in gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver and kidney. Accumulating evidence has shown that the enhanced activity of PCK leads to increased glucose output and exacerbation of diabetes, whereas the defects of PCK result in lethal hypoglycemia. Genetic mutations or polymorphisms are reported to be related to the onset and progression of diabetes in humans. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent studies revealed that the PCK pathway is more complex than just gluconeogenesis, depending on the health or disease condition. Dysregulation of PCK may contribute to the development of obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, and cancer. Moreover, a regulatory network with multiple layers, from epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation, to posttranscription regulation, precisely tunes the expression of PCK. Deciphering the molecular basis that regulates PCK may pave the way for developing practical strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of the PCK enzyme in cells, especially beyond gluconeogenesis. We highlight the distinct functions of PCK isoforms (PCK1 and PCK2), depict a detailed network regulating PCK's expression, and discuss its clinical relevance. We also discuss the therapeutic potential targeting PCK and the future direction that is highly in need to better understand PCK-mediated signaling under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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19
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Gonzalez-Rellan MJ, Fondevila MF, Fernandez U, Rodríguez A, Varela-Rey M, Veyrat-Durebex C, Seoane S, Bernardo G, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Fernández-Ramos D, Bilbao J, Iglesias C, Novoa E, Ameneiro C, Senra A, Beiroa D, Cuñarro J, Dp Chantada-Vazquez M, Garcia-Vence M, Bravo SB, Da Silva Lima N, Porteiro B, Carneiro C, Vidal A, Tovar S, Müller TD, Ferno J, Guallar D, Fidalgo M, Sabio G, Herzig S, Yang WH, Cho JW, Martinez-Chantar ML, Perez-Fernandez R, López M, Dieguez C, Mato JM, Millet O, Coppari R, Woodhoo A, Fruhbeck G, Nogueiras R. O-GlcNAcylated p53 in the liver modulates hepatic glucose production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5068. [PMID: 34417460 PMCID: PMC8379189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 regulates several signaling pathways to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of cells and modulates the cellular response to stress. Deficiency or excess of nutrients causes cellular metabolic stress, and we hypothesized that p53 could be linked to glucose maintenance. We show here that upon starvation hepatic p53 is stabilized by O-GlcNAcylation and plays an essential role in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis. More specifically, p53 binds to PCK1 promoter and regulates its transcriptional activation, thereby controlling hepatic glucose production. Mice lacking p53 in the liver show a reduced gluconeogenic response during calorie restriction. Glucagon, adrenaline and glucocorticoids augment protein levels of p53, and administration of these hormones to p53 deficient human hepatocytes and to liver-specific p53 deficient mice fails to increase glucose levels. Moreover, insulin decreases p53 levels, and over-expression of p53 impairs insulin sensitivity. Finally, protein levels of p53, as well as genes responsible of O-GlcNAcylation are elevated in the liver of type 2 diabetic patients and positively correlate with glucose and HOMA-IR. Overall these results indicate that the O-GlcNAcylation of p53 plays an unsuspected key role regulating in vivo glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gonzalez-Rellan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Uxia Fernandez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Seoane
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon Bilbao
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Cristina Iglesias
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Novoa
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Ameneiro
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cuñarro
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Dp Chantada-Vazquez
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Da Silva Lima
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Carneiro
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johan Ferno
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Diana Guallar
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Won Ho Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose M Mato
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIMUS, University of Santigo de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nerve Disorder Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Fruhbeck
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.
- Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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20
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Kang M, Han SK, Kim S, Park S, Jo Y, Kang H, Ko J. Role of small leucine zipper protein in hepatic gluconeogenesis and metabolic disorder. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:361-373. [PMID: 33355643 PMCID: PMC8373270 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sungyeon Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yerin Jo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyeryung Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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21
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Abstract
The reactions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle allow the controlled combustion of fat and carbohydrate. In principle, TCA cycle intermediates are regenerated on every turn and can facilitate the oxidation of an infinite number of nutrient molecules. However, TCA cycle intermediates can be lost to cataplerotic pathways that provide precursors for biosynthesis, and they must be replaced by anaplerotic pathways that regenerate these intermediates. Together, anaplerosis and cataplerosis help regulate rates of biosynthesis by dictating precursor supply, and they play underappreciated roles in catabolism and cellular energy status. They facilitate recycling pathways and nitrogen trafficking necessary for catabolism, and they influence redox state and oxidative capacity by altering TCA cycle intermediate concentrations. These functions vary widely by tissue and play emerging roles in disease. This article reviews the roles of anaplerosis and cataplerosis in various tissues and discusses how they alter carbon transitions, and highlights their contribution to mechanisms of disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Inigo
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
| | - Stanisław Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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22
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Geisler CE, Ghimire S, Hepler C, Miller KE, Bruggink SM, Kentch KP, Higgins MR, Banek CT, Yoshino J, Klein S, Renquist BJ. Hepatocyte membrane potential regulates serum insulin and insulin sensitivity by altering hepatic GABA release. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109298. [PMID: 34192533 PMCID: PMC8341405 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation in obesity correlates with the severity of hyperinsulinemia and systemic insulin resistance. Obesity-induced hepatocellular lipid accumulation results in hepatocyte depolarization. We have established that hepatocyte depolarization depresses hepatic afferent vagal nerve firing, increases GABA release from liver slices, and causes hyperinsulinemia. Preventing hepatic GABA release or eliminating the ability of the liver to communicate to the hepatic vagal nerve ameliorates the hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance associated with diet-induced obesity. In people with obesity, hepatic expression of GABA transporters is associated with glucose infusion and disposal rates during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in hepatic GABA re-uptake transporters are associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we identify GABA as a neuro-hepatokine that is dysregulated in obesity and whose release can be manipulated to mute or exacerbate the glucoregulatory dysfunction common to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susma Ghimire
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kendra E Miller
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie M Bruggink
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kyle P Kentch
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mark R Higgins
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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23
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Pandey S, Tuma Z, Smrhova T, Cedikova M, Macanova T, Chottova Dvorakova M. Laser Capture Microdissection Coupled Capillary Immunoassay to Study the Expression of PCK-2 on Spatially-Resolved Islets of Rat Langerhans. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060883. [PMID: 34203686 PMCID: PMC8232303 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The platform for precise proteomic profiling of targeted cell populations from heterogeneous tissue sections is developed. We demonstrate a seamless and systematic integration of LCM with an automated cap-IA for the handling of a very small-sized dissected tissues section from the kidney, liver and pancreatic Langerhans islet of rats. Our analysis reveals that the lowest LCM section area ≥ 0.125 mm2 with 10 µm thickness can be optimized for the detection of proteins through LCM-cap-IA integration. We detect signals ranging from a highly-abundant protein, β-actin, to a low-abundance protein, LC-3AB, using 0.125 mm2 LCM section from rat kidney, but, so far, a relatively large section is required for good quality of results. This integration is applicable for a highly-sensitive and accurate assessment of microdissected tissue sections to decipher hidden proteomic information of pure targeted cells. To validate this integration, PCK2 protein expression is studied within Langerhans islets of normal and diabetic rats. Our results show significant overexpression of PCK2 in Langerhans islets of rats with long-term diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (Z.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zdenek Tuma
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (Z.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Tereza Smrhova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslava Cedikova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (Z.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Macanova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (Z.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
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24
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Plasma Exosomal miRNA Levels after Radiotherapy Are Associated with Early Progression and Metastasis of Cervical Cancer: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102110. [PMID: 34068397 PMCID: PMC8153571 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma exosomal miRNAs are key regulators of cell-cell interactions associated with several biological functions in patients with cancer. This pilot study aimed to investigate the log2 fold change (log2FC) of the expression of exosomal miRNAs and related mRNAs in the blood of patients with cervical cancer to identify prognostic markers better than those currently available. We sequenced plasma exosomal RNA from 56 blood samples collected from 28 patients with cervical cancer, who had been treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Changes in the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs before and after CCRT were represented as log2FC. Their biological functions were studied by miRNA-mRNA network analysis, using ingenuity pathway analysis, after the selection of two groups of miRNAs, each associated with early progression (EP) and metastasis, also described as initial stage. Seven patients experienced EP, three of whom died within four months after progression. Reduced levels of miR-1228-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-3200-3p, and miR-6815-5p and increased levels of miR-146a-3p in patients with EP revealed unresolved inflammation, with accompanying increased expression of PCK1 and decreased expression of FCGR1A. Increased levels of miR-605-5p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6780a-5p, and miR-6826-5p and decreased levels of miR-16-1-3p (or 15a-3p) were associated with the degree of metastasis and led to the systemic activation of myeloid, endothelial, and epithelial cells, as well as neurons, phagocytes, and platelets. Log2FCs in the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs from plasma exosomes after CCRT are associated with EP and metastasis, reflecting unresolved inflammation and systemic microenvironmental factors, respectively. However, this study, supported by preliminary data insufficient to reach clear conclusions, should be verified in larger prospective cohorts.
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25
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Usal M, Veyrenc S, Darracq-Ghitalla-Ciock M, Regnault C, Sroda S, Fini JB, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Transgenerational metabolic disorders and reproduction defects induced by benzo[a]pyrene in Xenopus tropicalis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116109. [PMID: 33234375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors (ED) may contribute to amphibian population declines but no transgenerational studies have evaluated this hypothesis. Here we show that Xenopus tropicalis, exposed from the tadpole stage, to the ED benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 50 ng.L-1) produced F2 progeny with delayed metamorphosis and sexual maturity. At the adult stage, F2-BaP females displayed fatty liver with inflammation, tissue disorganization and metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures typical of nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). This phenotype, similar to that observed in F0 and F1 females, was accompanied by a pancreatic insulin secretory defect. Metabolic disrupted F2-BaP females laid eggs with metabolite contents significantly different from the control and these eggs did not produce viable progeny. This study demonstrated that an ED can induce transgenerational disruption of metabolism and population collapse in amphibians under laboratory conditions. These results show that ED benzo[a]pyrene can impact metabolism over multiple generations and support epidemiological studies implicating environmental EDs in metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sophie Sroda
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation Du Vivant, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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26
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Singh V, Sagar P, Kaul S, Sandhir R, Singhal NK. Liver Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase-1 Downregulation via siRNA-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Restores Glucose Homeostasis in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo Model. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:259-278. [PMID: 33347265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have been increasing at an alarming rate, and one such example of metabolic disorder is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unregulated gluconeogenesis in T2DM results in increased hepatic glucose output that causes fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia. Extensive proofs have shown that the downregulation of the key rate-limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK-1) of gluconeogenesis improved glucose homeostasis in vivo. In the present study, we have synthesized and characterized liver-specific stearic acid conjugated octaarginine (StA-R8) functionalized 4arm-2K-PEGamineylated graphene oxide nanosheets (GPR8) for the delivery of siRNA against PCK-1 in T2DM C57BL/6 mice. We found that a single intravenous administration of siRNA (3 mg/kg BW) conjugated to GPR8 (GPR8:PCK-1siRNA(3 mg/kg BW) conjugate) in an optimized N/P ratio exploited as a therapeutic nanoformulation maintained glucose homeostasis for nearly 4 weeks in the T2DM mice. Efficient silencing of PCK-1 in T2DM liver tissue increased the phosphorylation of serine-256 of FOXO-1, thus showing a marked decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis control and consequently glucose output from the liver furthermore partially enhanced liver and muscle insulin sensitivity results in the stimulation of the insulin/AKT-2 signaling pathway which indirectly restored glucose homeostasis in the treated T2DM group. Our therapeutic nanoformulation also improved glycogen storage in the liver and membrane translocation of GLUT4 in the muscle of the treated T2DM group. In conclusion, GPR8:PCK-1siRNA (3 mg/Kg BW) restored glucose homeostasis by controlling the hepatic glucose production and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity as a consequence of reduced hyperglycemia. Thus, the current approach offered an alternative strategy for the therapeutics for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India.,Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab India
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27
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Development of a pancreas-liver organ-on-chip coculture model for organ-to-organ interaction studies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Dong K, Zhao Q, Xue Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y. TCTP participates in hepatic metabolism by regulating gene expression involved in insulin resistance. Gene 2020; 768:145263. [PMID: 33122078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) has various cellular functions and molecular interactions, many related to its growth-promoting and antiapoptotic properties. Recently, TCTP expression was reported to increases in insulin-resistant mice fed with high-fat diet. TCTP is a multifunctional protein, but its role in liver metabolism is unclear. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of TCTP in HepG2 cells. Knock-down of TCTP led to 287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were highly associated with cellular apoptosis and signal response, TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, FoxO and insulin signaling pathways, adipocytokine and AMPK signaling pathways. shTCTP downregulated the expression of the key gluconeogenesis enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1). Furthermore, TCTP regulated the alternative splicing of genes enriched in the phospholipid biosynthetic process and glycerophospholipid metabolism. We further showed that shTCTP down-regulated the intracellular levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. Our results showed that TCTP regulates the liver cell transcriptome at both the transcriptional and alternative splicing levels. The TCTP regulatory network predicts the biological functions of TCTP in glucose and lipid metabolism, and also insulin resistance, which may be associated with liver metabolism and diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, NO.299 Ba Yi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yaqiang Xue
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 18-2, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China; Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 18-1, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China.
| | - Yaxun Wei
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 18-1, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 18-1, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Seenappa V, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K. Intricate Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Isoforms in Normal Physiology and Disease. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:247-272. [PMID: 30947672 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190404155801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) isoforms are considered as rate-limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis pathways. PEPCK exhibits several interesting features such as a) organelle-specific isoforms (cytosolic and a mitochondrial) in vertebrate clade, b) tissue-specific expression of isoforms and c) organism-specific requirement of ATP or GTP as a cofactor. In higher organisms, PEPCK isoforms are intricately regulated and activated through several physiological and pathological stimuli such as corticoids, hormones, nutrient starvation and hypoxia. Isoform-specific transcriptional/translational regulation and their interplay in maintaining glucose homeostasis remain to be fully understood. Mounting evidence indicates the significant involvement of PEPCK isoforms in physiological processes (development and longevity) and in the progression of a variety of diseases (metabolic disorders, cancer, Smith-Magenis syndrome). OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aimed to assimilate existing knowledge of transcriptional and translational regulation of PEPCK isoforms derived from cell, animal and clinical models. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and extensive bioinformatics analysis, in this review we have provided a comparative (epi)genetic understanding of PCK1 and PCK2 genes encompassing regulatory elements, disease-associated polymorphisms, copy number variations, regulatory miRNAs and CpG densities. We have also discussed various exogenous and endogenous modulators of PEPCK isoforms and their signaling mechanisms. A comprehensive review of existing knowledge of PEPCK regulation and function may enable identification of the underlying gaps to design new pharmacological strategies and interventions for the diseases associated with gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Seenappa
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
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Zhang L, Wang P, Shi M, Fang Z, Ji J, Liao X, Hu X, Chen F. The modulation of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem supplementation on gene expression and amino acid profiles in liver for alleviating hepatic steatosis via gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice: insight from hepatic transcriptome analysis. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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PCK1 Deficiency Shortens the Replicative Lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Upregulation of PFK1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3858465. [PMID: 32104690 PMCID: PMC7037958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3858465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was the first rate-limiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which exerted a critical role in maintaining the blood glucose levels. PCK1 has been established to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, diabetes, and tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the association of PCK1 with aging process and the detailed underlying mechanisms of PCK1 on aging are still far to be elucidated. Hence, we herein constructed the PCK1-deficient (pck1Δ) and PCK1 overexpression (PCK1 OE) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results unveiled that PCK1 deficiency significantly shortened the replicative lifespan (RLS) in the S. cerevisiae, while overexpression of PCK1 prolonged the RLS. Additionally, we noted that the ROS level was significantly enhanced in PCK1-deficient strain and decreased in PCK1 OE strain. Then, a high throughput analysis by deep sequencing was performed in the pck1Δ and wild-type strains, in an attempt to shed light on the effect of PCK1 on the lifespan of aging process. The data showed that the most downregulated mRNAs were enriched in the regulatory pathways of glucose metabolism. Fascinatingly, among the differentially expressed mRNAs, PFK1 was one of the most upregulated genes, which was involved in the glycolysis process and ROS generation. Thus, we further constructed the pfk1Δpck1Δ strain by deletion of PFK1 in the PCK1-deficient strain. The results unraveled that pfk1Δpck1Δ strain significantly suppressed the ROS level and restored the RLS of pck1Δ strain. Taken together, our data suggested that PCK1 deficiency enhanced the ROS level and shortened the RLS of S. cerevisiae via PFK1.
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Tang B, Yang C, Hu S, Sun W, Pan Z, Li L, Wang J. Molecular Characterization of Goose Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Kinase 1 (Pepck) Gene and Its Potential Role in Hepatic Steatosis Induced by Overfeeding. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Tang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - C Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, P.R. China
| | - S Hu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - W Sun
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Z Pan
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - L Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - J Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Ali Beg MM, Verma AK, Saleem M, Saud Alreshidi F, Alenazi F, Ahmad H, Joshi PC. Role and Significance of Circulating Biomarkers: miRNA and E2F1 mRNA Expression and Their Association with Type-2 Diabetic Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:6279168. [PMID: 32884568 PMCID: PMC7455836 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6279168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as an epidemic affecting more than four hundred million people throughout the world. It is a multifactorial disease with range of environmental and genetic factors responsible for its prevalence. In search of novel biomarkers for recording progress of various metabolic diseases, small noncoding RNA in general and microRNAs (miRNAs) in particular have emerged as the most promising biomarkers for diagnosing variety of diseases including diabetes. An increasing number of studies have been published, reporting the quantification of miRNAs in blood of subjects with diabetes and mostly aimed at identifying miRNA modulation in chronic diabetic complications. Due to its association with immune system homeostasis and potential capability to predict diabetes development, the profile of circulating miRNAs may also provide useful information about diabetes pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the role and expression of microRNA330 and E2F1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM. Methodology. The present study includes a total of 200 individuals: 100 "individuals with T2DM referred to as "cases" and 100 healthy individuals referred to as "controls". Extracted RNA was used to synthesise the cDNA for microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expression. Taqman assay method has been used to analyse the microRNA-330 expression in the cases and controls and SYBR green dye was used to study the E2F1 mRNA expression. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was observed in all the selected 5 biochemical parameters among T2DM cases and healthy controls. Risk factors like hypertension were observed to be significantly associated with reduced HDL (p=0.01), increased TG (p=0.0008), and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) in hypertensive T2DM cases as compared to nonhypertensive T2DM cases. Obese patients showed significant increase in TG (p=0.01) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) as compared to nonobese patients. Similarly, increased TG (p=0.001) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) was observed in the case of alcoholic patients as compared to nonalcoholic patients. Also, patients with smoking habit showed increased TG (p=0.009p = 0.009), cholesterol (p < 0.0001), and VLDL (p=0.01) as compared to nonsmokers and differences among them was found to be statistically significant. Besides this, significant impact of risk factors like hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking were observed on microRNA-330 expression and E2F1 mRNA expression. A 7.72-fold increased microRNA-330 and 0.05-fold decreased E2F1 mRNA expression was observed among T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls. Increased expression of microRNA-330 was observed in hypertensive cases (9.61-fold, p < 0.0001), obese cases (9.33-fold, p=0.0008, alcoholic cases (9.07-fold, p < 0.0001), and smoking cases (8.41-fold, p=0.01) as compared to nonhypertensive, nonobese nonalcoholic, and nonsmoking cases, and differences among them were found to be significant. Decreased expression of E2F1 mRNA expression was observed in patients with alcoholism (0.03-fold, p=0.002) and smoking (0.03fold, p < 0.0001) while patients who were nonalcoholic and nonsmokers showed 0.07-fold increase in expression, and differences among them were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that increased level of microRNA-330 and decreased level of E2F1 mRNA expression were found to be associated with pathogenesis of T2DM patients. Risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking may be were found to be associated with microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expressions, and it can prove a reliable biomarker for T2DM disease progression could be linked to chronic diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Saud Alreshidi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahaad Alenazi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ahmad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Prakash C. Joshi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India
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Su RC, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Blomquist TM, Gunning WT, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Hyperglycemia induces key genetic and phenotypic changes in human liver epithelial HepG2 cells which parallel the Leprdb/J mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225604. [PMID: 31805072 PMCID: PMC6894821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern. With a propensity to progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is an important link amongst a multitude of comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney disease. As several in vivo models of hyperglycemia and NAFLD are employed to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease process, we aimed to characterize an in vitro model of hyperglycemia that was amenable to address molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets at the cellular level. Utilizing hyperglycemic cell culturing conditions, we induced steatosis within a human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2 cells), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The deposition and accumulation of lipids within hyperglycemic HepG2 cells is significantly greater than in normoglycemic cells, as visualized and quantified by Nile red staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), diagnostic biomarkers for liver damage and disease, were found to be upregulated in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells as compared with normoglycemic cells. Suppression of CEACAM1, GLUT2, and PON1, and elevation of CD36, PCK1, and G6PK were also found to be characteristic in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells compared with normoglycemic cells, suggesting insulin resistance and NAFLD. These in vitro findings mirror the characteristic genetic and phenotypic profile seen in Leprdb/J mice, a well-established in vivo model of NAFLD. In conclusion, we characterize an in vitro model displaying several key genetic and phenotypic characteristics in common with NAFLD that may assist future studies in addressing the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Su
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William T. Gunning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
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miR-146a Deficiency Accelerates Hepatic Inflammation Without Influencing Diet-induced Obesity in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12626. [PMID: 31477775 PMCID: PMC6718417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-146a, an anti-inflammatory microRNA, is shown to be a negative regulator of adipocyte inflammation. However, the functional contribution of miR-146a in the development of obesity is not defined. In order to determine whether miR-146a influences diet-induced obesity, mice that were either wild type (WT) or miR-146a deficient (KO) were fed with high (60% kcal) fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Deficiency of miR-146a did not influence obesity measured as HFD-induced body weight and fat mass gain, or metabolism of glucose and insulin tolerance. In addition, adipocyte apoptosis, adipose tissue collagen and macrophage accumulation as detected by TUNEL, Picro Sirius and F4/80 immunostaining, respectively, were comparable between the two groups of mice. Although, miR-146a deficiency had no influence on HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, interestingly, it significantly increased obesity-induced inflammatory responses in liver tissue. The present study demonstrates that miR-146a deficiency had no influence on the development of HFD-induced obesity and adipose tissue remodeling, whereas it significantly increased hepatic inflammation in obese mice. This result suggests that miR-146a regulates hepatic inflammation during development of obesity.
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Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Finkelstein A, Pan A, Cho BS, Mitchell PD, Gura KM, Bistrian BR, Puder M. Metabolic and Inflammatory Effects of an ω-3 Fatty Acid-Based Eucaloric Ketogenic Diet in Mice With Endotoxemia. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:986-997. [PMID: 31435972 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary strategies can aid in the management of critically ill patients. Very-low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to improve glucose control and the inflammatory response. We aimed to determine the effects of a eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD) enriched with ω-3 fatty acids (O3KD) on glucose levels and inflammation in mice with endotoxemia. METHODS Adult mice were fed 1 of 3 diets (control diet [CD], EKD, or O3KD). After 4 weeks, each group received saline or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally during the postprandial (PPP) or postabsorptive (PAP) periods. Blood glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL) 6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Distribution of serum fatty acids was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Hepatic expression of genes involved in inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS During the PPP, glucose curves were comparable among the experimental groups. During the PAP, EKD showed a more pronounced increase in glucose levels at the first hour after LPS challenge compared with the CD-LPS group. During the PAP, IL6 was lower in O3KD-LPS compared with CD-LPS and EKD-LPS groups. These differences disappeared in the PPP. Similarly, TNF-α was lower in the O3KD-LPS group compared with the EKD-LPS group. The O3KD significantly increased the serum levels of the ω-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and decreased the ω-6 arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION An O3KD leads to reduced inflammation and maintains glucose homeostasis in mice with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Finkelstein
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bennet S Cho
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce R Bistrian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Linden MA, Ross TT, Beebe DA, Gorgoglione MF, Hamilton KL, Miller BF, Braun B, Esler WP. The combination of exercise training and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition improves glucose tolerance and exercise capacity in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2019; 97:68-80. [PMID: 31132381 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is recommended in addition to pharmacotherapies for the management of type 2 diabetes, but metformin and exercise training may have non-additive or even inhibitory effects on exercise-induced improvements in glycemic control and exercise capacity. The objectives of this report were to determine if co-treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and exercise could (1) further improve glycemic control when compared to either monotherapy and (2) not worsen exercise capacity when compared to exercise alone. METHODS A rodent model of type 2 diabetes (30 mg/kg streptozotocin and high-fat feeding in male Sprague-Dawley rats) was used to assess 12 weeks of co-treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and exercise (EX; treadmill running) on glycemic control and exercise capacity. Animals were randomized to the following conditions (n = 7-10/group): vehicle (0.5% methyl cellulose) sedentary (VEH SED), VEH EX, canagliflozin (3 mg kg-1 d-1) SED (SGLT2i SED), or SGLT2i EX. RESULTS Both EX and SGLT2i independently improved indices of glycemic control. The combination of SGLT2i and EX further improved glucose tolerance (glucose area under the curve 1109 ± 51 vs 1427 ± 82 mmol/ L 120 min-1 for SGLT2i EX vs. SGLT2i SED, respectively; p < 0.05) and insulin responses (insulin area under the curve 24,524 ± 4126 vs. 41,208 ± 2714 pmol L-1 120 min-1 for SGLT2i EX vs. VEH EX, respectively; p < 0.05) during an oral glucose tolerance test. Only the combination of SGLT2i EX lowered body weight compared to VEH SED (p < 0.01). SGLT2i caused several metabolic adaptations including increased ketone production and a greater reliance on fat as a source of energy during normal cage activity. Interestingly, animals that were given the SGLT2i and underwent exercise training (SGLT2i EX) had better submaximal exercise capacity than EX alone, as indicated by distance run prior to fatigue (882 ± 183 vs.433 ± 33 m for SGLT2i EX and VEH EX, respectively; p < 0.01), and this was accompanied by a greater reliance on fat as an energy source during exercise (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS If these findings with the combination of SGLT2i and exercise translate to humans, they will have important clinical health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Linden
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - David A Beebe
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Matthew F Gorgoglione
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK., United States of America
| | - Barry Braun
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
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Li TT, Tong AJ, Liu YY, Huang ZR, Wan XZ, Pan YY, Jia RB, Liu B, Chen XH, Zhao C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae Spirulina platensis modulates lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110558. [PMID: 31175915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Spirulina platensis 55% ethanol extract (SPL55) on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were investigated. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that SPL55 was enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Meanwhile, serum and liver lipid levels, including total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, were significantly decreased in hyperlipidaemic rats of SPL55. Analysis of tissue sections showed that SPL55 treatment could markedly inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Moreover, SPL55 regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1c, HMG-CoA, PEPCK, ACC, and AMPK genes involved in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SPL55 led to decrease the abundances of Turicibacter, Clostridium_XlVa, and Romboutsia, which were positive correlation with lipid metabolism indicators, and has also enriched Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Porphyromonadaceae, and Barnesiella. These results provided evidence that SPL55 might be developed as a functional food to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ai-Jun Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu-Zhi Wan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yu-Yang Pan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Xiang J, Lv Q, Yi F, Song Y, Le L, Jiang B, Xu L, Xiao P. Dietary Supplementation of Vine Tea Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorder via Akt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101866. [PMID: 31096578 PMCID: PMC6571802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional Chinese tea with many pharmacological effects, vine tea (VT) is considered a potential dietary supplement to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate the effect and mechanism of VT on glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in T2D rats, Wistar rats fed a normal diet served as the normal control, while rats fed a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D were divided into three groups: The model group (MOD); the positive control group (MET, metformin at 200 mg/kg/d); and the VT-treated group (VT500, allowed to freely drink 500 mg/L VT). After four weeks of intervention, biochemical metrics indicated that VT significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in T2D rats. Metabolomics research indicated that VT regulated the levels of metabolites closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism and promoted glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, VT had a significant influence on the expression of key genes involved in the Akt signaling pathway, inhibited gluconeogenesis through the Akt/Foxo1/Pck2 signaling pathway, and reduced fatty acid synthesis via the SREBP1c/Fasn signaling pathways. In conclusion, VT has great potential as a dietary supplement to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via the Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kim YJ, Jung UJ. Honokiol Improves Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic db/ db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092303. [PMID: 31075962 PMCID: PMC6540170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of honokiol (HON) on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed a normal diet with or without HON (0.02%, w/w) or pioglitazone (PIO, anti-diabetic agent, 0.01%, w/w) for 5 weeks. Blood biomarker, tissue morphology and enzymatic and genetic parameters were determined. PIO significantly decreased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but markedly increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and plasma leptin levels. HON did not significantly affect food intake, body weight, or levels of plasma leptin and blood glucose. However, HON led to significant decreases in adipose tissue weight, plasma insulin, blood HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels and improved glucose tolerance. The anti-diabetic and anti-adiposity effects of HON were partially related to the inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and their mRNA expression in the liver; and the inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue, respectively. Unlike PIO, HON did not affect dyslipidemia, but ameliorated hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hepatic lipogenic enzymes activity. Moreover, HON exhibited anti-inflammatory effects similar to PIO. These results suggest that HON can protect against type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Je Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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Xiang J, Zhang Y, Tuo L, Liu R, Gou D, Liang L, Chen C, Xia J, Tang N, Wang K. Transcriptomic changes associated with PCK1 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells detected by RNA-seq. Genes Dis 2019; 7:150-159. [PMID: 32181286 PMCID: PMC7063442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a step limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of PCK1 has been shown to suppress hepatoma cell growth, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We used recombinant adenovirus overexpressing PCK1 or GFP in Huh7 cells, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-Seq. 180 were upregulated by PCK1 overexpression, whereas 316 were downregulated. Pathway analysis illustrated that PCK1 was closely correlated with Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Hence, Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream component, FZD2, FZD6, FZD7 and β-catenin were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In vivo we also observed that PCK1 had restrained tumor growth as a result of decreasing expression of β-catenin. Whole-transcriptomic profile analysis discovered that overexpression of PCK1 downregulates several oncogenic signaling pathways in HCC, providing potential therapeutic targets for improving HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dongmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Hu Q, Chen H, Zuo Y, He Q, He X, Simpson S, Huang W, Yang H, Zhang H, Lin R. Role of PCK1 gene on oil tea-induced glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes: an animal experiment and a case-control study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 30805021 PMCID: PMC6373102 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oil tea is a type of traditional tea beverage used for treating various ailments in minority population in Guangxi, China. Our previous study showed oil tea improved glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice. Yet, the underling molecular mechanisms are still not understood. This study aimed at assessing the effect of oil tea on glucose homeostasis and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the oil tea-induced antidiabetic effects. Methods Twenty seven db/db mice were gavaged with saline, metformin and oil tea for 8 weeks with measurement of biochemical profiles. A real-time2 (RT2) profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array comprising 84 genes involved in glucose metabolism was measured and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The association between the candidate genes and type 2 diabetes were further analyzed in a case-control study in the Chinese minority population. Results Oil tea treatment facilitated glucose homeostasis by decreasing fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol, and improving glucose tolerance. Suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression was observed in the oil tea treatment group and the expression was significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. Target prediction and functional annotation by WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt) revealed that PCK1 mainly involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway among the top Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathways. Both rs707555 and rs2071023 in PCK1 were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the minority population of Guangxi. Conclusion Our findings indicated oil tea improved glucose homeostasis via down-regulation of PCK1 and PCK1 may be a genetic marker for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantu Hu
- 1Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Huafeng Chen
- 2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Yanli Zuo
- 3General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qin He
- 2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan He
- 2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Steve Simpson
- 4Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia.,5Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- 2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Yang
- 2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- 1Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China.,6Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Rui Lin
- 1Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China.,2Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China.,6Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Phellinus Linteus Mycelial Extract from Solid-State Culture in A Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020296. [PMID: 30704063 PMCID: PMC6412584 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of P. linteus have been observed in numerous studies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we prepared P. linteus extract (PLE) from mycelia of solid-state culture, and evaluated its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in rat models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes. PLE treatment effectively reduced blood glucose levels, and improved insulin resistance and lipid and lipoprotein profiles. The hypoglycemic effect of PLE was based on inhibition of key hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes (FBPase, G6Pase) expression and hepatic glycogen degradation, and consequent reduction of hepatic glucose production. PLE also: (i) enhanced expression of CPT1A and ACOX1 (key proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in liver, thus promoting clearance of triglycerides and LDL-C; (ii) inhibited expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in liver, thus reducing cholesterol production; (iii) displayed strong hepatoprotective and renal protective effects. Our findings indicate that PLE has strong potential functional food application in adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes with dyslipidemia.
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Li J, Wang X, Ackerman WE, Batty AJ, Kirk SG, White WM, Wang X, Anastasakis D, Samavati L, Buhimschi I, Nelin LD, Hafner M, Liu Y. Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in Mkp-1 Deficient Mice during Gram-Negative Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123904. [PMID: 30563203 PMCID: PMC6321205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (Mkp)-1 exerts its anti-inflammatory activities during Gram-negative sepsis by deactivating p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We have previously shown that Mkp-1+/+ mice, but not Mkp-1-/- mice, exhibit hypertriglyceridemia during severe sepsis. However, the regulation of hepatic lipid stores and the underlying mechanism of lipid dysregulation during sepsis remains an enigma. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the sepsis-associated metabolic changes and the role of Mkp-1 in the process, we infected Mkp-1+/+ and Mkp-1-/- mice with Escherichia coli i.v., and assessed the effects of Mkp-1 deficiency on tissue lipid contents. We also examined the global gene expression profile in the livers via RNA-seq. We found that in the absence of E. coli infection, Mkp-1 deficiency decreased liver triglyceride levels. Upon E. coli infection, Mkp-1+/+ mice, but not Mkp-1-/- mice, developed hepatocyte ballooning and increased lipid deposition in the livers. E. coli infection caused profound changes in the gene expression profile of a large number of proteins that regulate lipid metabolism in wildtype mice, while these changes were substantially disrupted in Mkp-1-/- mice. Interestingly, in Mkp-1+/+ mice E. coli infection resulted in downregulation of genes that facilitate fatty acid synthesis but upregulation of Cd36 and Dgat2, whose protein products mediate fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis, respectively. Taken together, our studies indicate that sepsis leads to a substantial change in triglyceride metabolic gene expression programs and Mkp-1 plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Xiantao Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - William E Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Abel J Batty
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Sean G Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - William M White
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Xianxi Wang
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Anastasakis
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Irina Buhimschi
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
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Tang X, Yan L, Li H, Du L, Shi Y, Huang F, Tang H. Increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytoplasmic isoform by hepatitis B virus X protein affects hepatitis B virus replication. J Med Virol 2018; 91:258-264. [PMID: 30168585 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) can stimulate the transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a rate-determining enzyme in gluconeogenic pathway. Two isoforms of PEPCK exist, a cytoplasmic form (PCK1) and a mitochondrial isoform (PCK2). The current study investigated the direct effect of HBx-stimulated PEPCK on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We showed that PCK1 rather than PCK2 was upregulated by HBx. We also demonstrated that overexpression of PCK1 decreased HBV replication, whereas inhibition of PCK1-enhanced HBV replication. Furthermore, we found overexpression of PCK1 led to reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), whereas knocking down PCK1 resulted in an increased expression of PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. When PPAR-γ was inhibited, knocking down PCK1 could not induce the apparent enhanced HBV replication. Our data suggested that PCK1 induced by HBx led to decreased HBV replication through the downregulation of PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. Thus, our study demonstrates a negative-feedback loop involving PCK1 and HBV may provide a balanced cell environment for HBV persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyao Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feijun Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School of Basic and Forensic Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tassi E, Garman KA, Schmidt MO, Ma X, Kabbara KW, Uren A, Tomita Y, Goetz R, Mohammadi M, Wilcox CS, Riegel AT, Carlstrom M, Wellstein A. Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (FGFBP3) impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15973. [PMID: 30374109 PMCID: PMC6206164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted FGF binding proteins (FGFBP) mobilize locally-acting paracrine FGFs from their extracellular storage. Here, we report that FGFBP3 (BP3) modulates fat and glucose metabolism in mouse models of metabolic syndrome. BP3 knockout mice exhibited altered lipid metabolism pathways with reduced hepatic and serum triglycerides. In obese mice the expression of exogenous BP3 reduced hyperglycemia, hepatosteatosis and weight gain, blunted de novo lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissues, increased circulating adiponectin and decreased NEFA. The BP3 protein interacts with endocrine FGFs through its C-terminus and thus enhances their signaling. We propose that BP3 may constitute a new therapeutic to reverse the pathology associated with metabolic syndrome that includes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tassi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Khalid A Garman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Marcel O Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Khaled W Kabbara
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Aykut Uren
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - York Tomita
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Regina Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kidney, and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kidney, and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1389] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhang X, Qiu K, Wang L, Xu D, Yin J. Integrated Remodeling of Gut-Liver Metabolism Induced by Moderate Protein Restriction Contributes to Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800637. [PMID: 30030886 PMCID: PMC6646914 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Protein restriction (PR) is beneficial for relieving metabolic disorders and aging-related diseases. However, extreme PR could result in malnutrition due to severe deficiency of essential amino acids. Therefore, the effect of moderate PR on insulin sensitivity is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The growing and adult pigs are subjected to moderate PR by 15-30%. Plasma insulin concentration and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR are significantly decreased upon moderate PR. Furthermore, IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in the basal state is enhanced in both liver and skeletal muscle. The adapted metabolism in the liver upon moderate PR is in support of improving insulin sensitivity. The liver shares a coordinated metabolic adaption in terms of energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism with the small intestine. Particularly, alteration of the metabolic footprint appeared in the portal venous blood, representing metabolites to be absorbed into liver after intestinal metabolism, is also in favor of improvement of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION In summary, the study proves that moderate PR could improve insulin sensitivity from childhood to adulthood in a pig model, and sheds a new light on the role of integrated remodeling of gut and liver metabolism in the improved insulin sensitivity induced by moderate PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Human hepatic 3D spheroids as a model for steatosis and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14297. [PMID: 30250238 PMCID: PMC6155201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a public health concern as reflected in its widespread distribution in the general population. Yet, treatment options are scarce which is at least in part due to lack of reliable human in vitro disease models. Here, we report a human hepatic 3D spheroid system cultured under defined chemical conditions that has the potential to mimic steatotic conditions in a reversible manner, useful for identification of novel drug treatment conditions. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from different donors were cultured as spheroid microtissues in physiological in vivo -like culture conditions. Hepatic steatosis was induced over the course of three weeks in culture by supplementing the culture medium with pathophysiological concentrations of free fatty acids, carbohydrates and insulin. Effects of steatosis in the 3D system were evaluated on transcriptional, metabolomic and lipidomic levels. Free fatty acids on one hand as well as a combination of insulin and monosaccharides, promoted lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and increased expression of lipogenic genes, such as fatty acid synthase. This milieu also promoted development of insulin resistance within 2 weeks as manifested by an increase in gluconeogenic and insulin resistance markers, which are observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Induced steatosis was reversible after withdrawal of lipogenic substrates and a further reduction in cellular fat content was observed following treatment with different antisteatotic compounds, such as metformin, glucagon, olaparib and antioxidants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the 3D hepatic spheroids can serve as a valuable, HTS compatible model for the study of liver steatosis and facilitate translational discovery of novel drug targets.
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Wu S, Li N, Yang C, Yan L, Liang X, Ren M, Yang L. Synthesis of cationic branched tea polysaccharide derivatives for targeted delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:808-815. [PMID: 29857104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cationic branched tea polysaccharide (CTPSA) derivative bearing N-acylurea and 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine residues was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A nonspecific siRNA (NsiRNA) was used as a model molecule of functional siRNA that could downregulate over-expressed glycometabolism enzymes in the liver. The result from the agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed that the CTPSA and NsiRNA could form stable complexes when their weight ratio was larger than 18. The zeta potentials and sizes of the complexes were in the range of +8-+15 mv and 120-150 nm, respectively. The CTPSA/NsiRNA complex was observed as nanoparticles with a spherical shape of approximately 100 nm using scanning electron microscopy. The CTPSA derivative and the CTPSA/NsiRNA complexes exhibited lower cytotoxicity in HL-7702 cells when compared with the branched PEI (bPEI) and bPEI/NsiRNA complexes assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The results of flow cytometric analysis and laser confocal microscopy indicated that the CTPSA derivative could effectively target the transfer of the NsiRNA to HL-7702 cells. This work provides a potential approach to promote the CTPSA derivative as a nonviral vector for targeted delivery of functional siRNA to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Wu
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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