1
|
Kizer JR. The elusive quest for causality in adiponectin's bimodal relationship with cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomization meets Janus. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:3-5. [PMID: 38170839 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nielsen MB, Çolak Y, Benn M, Mason A, Burgess S, Nordestgaard BG. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, aortic valve stenosis, and myocardial infarction: large-scale observational and Mendelian randomization evidence. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:95-107. [PMID: 37897683 PMCID: PMC10898934 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin may play an important protective role in heart failure and associated cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that plasma adiponectin is associated observationally and causally, genetically with risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, aortic valve stenosis, and myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS In the Copenhagen General Population Study, we examined 30 045 individuals with plasma adiponectin measurements observationally and 96 903 individuals genetically in one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using five genetic variants explaining 3% of the variation in plasma adiponectin. In the HERMES, UK Biobank, The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), deCODE, the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), DiscovEHR, and the AFGen consortia, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses in up to 1 030 836 individuals using 12 genetic variants explaining 14% of the variation in plasma adiponectin.In observational analyses modelled linearly, a 1 unit log-transformed higher plasma adiponectin was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.37-1.66) for heart failure, 1.63 (1.50-1.78) for atrial fibrillation, 1.21 (1.03-1.41) for aortic valve stenosis, and 1.03 (0.93-1.14) for myocardial infarction; levels above the median were also associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, and non-linear U-shaped associations were more apparent for heart failure, aortic valve stenosis, and myocardial infarction in less-adjusted models. Corresponding genetic, causal risk ratios were 0.92 (0.65-1.29), 0.87 (0.68-1.12), 1.55 (0.87-2.76), and 0.93 (0.67-1.30) in one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, and no significant associations were seen for non-linear one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses; corresponding causal risk ratios were 0.99 (0.89-1.09), 1.00 (0.92-1.08), 1.01 (0.79-1.28), and 0.99 (0.86-1.13) in two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION Observationally, elevated plasma adiponectin was associated with an increased risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, aortic valve stenosis, and myocardial infarction. However, genetic evidence did not support causality for these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Booth Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yunus Çolak
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Benn
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Mason
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, Entrance 7, 4. Floor, M3, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burgess S, Cronjé HT. Incorporating biological and clinical insights into variant choice for Mendelian randomisation: examples and principles. EGASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 2:e100042. [PMID: 38362310 PMCID: PMC7615644 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Mendelian randomisation is an accessible and valuable epidemiological approach to provide insight into the causal nature of relationships between risk factor exposures and disease outcomes. However, if performed without critical thought, we may simply have replaced one set of implausible assumptions (no unmeasured confounding or reverse causation) with another set of implausible assumptions (no pleiotropy or other instrument invalidity). The most critical decision to avoid pleiotropy is which genetic variants to use as instrumental variables. Two broad strategies for instrument selection are a biologically motivated strategy and a genome-wide strategy; in general, a biologically motivated strategy is preferred. In this review, we discuss various ways of implementing a biologically motivated selection strategy: using variants in a coding gene region for the exposure or a gene region that encodes a regulator of exposure levels, using a positive control variable and using a biomarker as the exposure rather than its behavioural proxy. In some cases, a genome-wide analysis can provide important complementary evidence, even when its reliability is questionable. In other cases, a biologically-motivated analysis may not be possible. The choice of genetic variants must be informed by biological and functional considerations where possible, requiring collaboration to combine biological and clinical insights with appropriate statistical methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Héléne Toinét Cronjé
- Health Analytics, Lane Clark & Peacock LLP, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hofman-Hutna J, Hutny M, Matusik E, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Matusik P. Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese Children Is Associated with Some Metabolic Syndrome Components, but Not with Metabolic Syndrome Itself. Metabolites 2023; 13:914. [PMID: 37623858 PMCID: PMC10456245 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in children is a common nutritional issue in many populations worldwide, associated not only with skeletal malformations but, as recent studies suggest, also with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this observational study was to assess the nutritional status of vitamin D in a group of Polish children with obesity and different grades of metabolic syndrome, with a consequent analysis of the correlation between vitamin D levels and the components of metabolic syndrome. For that purpose, the group of 78 participants (mean age: 14.18 ± 2.67 years) was recruited and further grouped in relation to vitamin D status into two groups of children with and without vitamin D deficiency. The biochemical parameters associated with obesity as well as anthropometric measures were assessed and analysed in search of significant differences between the groups. In the current group of children with obesity and vitamin D deficiency, HDL (45.00 ± 9.29) and adiponectin (7.21 ± 1.64) were found to be significantly lower than in their peers without vitamin D deficiency, whereas W/HtR (0.60 ± 0.04) and TG (171.31 ± 80.75) levels proved to be significantly higher. Body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance returned no significant findings. The above findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may influence lipid and glucose metabolism in children, leading to the development of abnormalities characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. A W/HtR parameter was shown to be a sensitive marker of abdominal obesity, which might provide an important means of assessing the correlation between vitamin D and this type of obesity. Independently, vitamin D deficiency may also influence the endocrinological function of adipose tissue, leading to lower concentrations of adiponectin. These in turn presented a linear correlation with the high results of the OGTT in the second hour of the test, hinting at its potential role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Hofman-Hutna
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Hutny
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Matusik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Unit of Public Health and Obesity, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Matusik
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ochoa-Rosales C, van der Schaft N, Braun KVE, Ho FK, Petermann-Rocha F, Ahmadizar F, Kavousi M, Pell JP, Ikram MA, Celis-Morales CA, Voortman T. C-reactive protein partially mediates the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: The UK Biobank and the Rotterdam study cohorts. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:661-669. [PMID: 36940600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to study the role of classic and novel-T2D biomarkers with anti- or pro-inflammatory activity in the association between habitual coffee intake and T2D risk. Furthermore, we studied differences by coffee types and smoking status in this association. METHODS Using two large population-based cohorts, the UK-Biobank (UKB; n = 145,368) and the Rotterdam Study (RS; n = 7111), we investigated associations of habitual coffee consumption with incident T2D and repeated measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), using Cox proportional hazards and mixed effect models, respectively. Additionally, we studied associations between coffee and subclinical inflammation biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-13, and adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, using linear regression models. Next, we performed formal causal mediation analyses to investigate the role of coffee-associated biomarkers in the association of coffee with T2D. Finally, we evaluated effect modification by coffee type and smoking. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 13.9 (RS) and 7.4 (UKB) years, 843 and 2290 incident T2D cases occurred, respectively. A 1 cup/day increase in coffee consumption was associated with 4% lower T2D risk (RS, HR = 0.96 [95%CI 0.92; 0.99], p = 0.045; UKB, HR = 0.96 [0.94; 0.98], p < 0.001), with lower HOMA-IR (RS, log-transformed β = -0.017 [-0.024;-0.010], p < 0.001), and with lower CRP (RS, log-transformed β = -0.014 [-0.022;-0.005], p = 0.002; UKB, β = -0.011 [-0.012;-0.009], p < 0.001). We also observed associations of higher coffee consumption with higher serum adiponectin and IL-13 concentrations, and with lower leptin concentrations. Coffee-related CRP levels partially mediated the inverse association of coffee intake with T2D incidence (average mediation effect RS β = 0.105 (0.014; 0.240), p = 0.016; UKB β = 6.484 (4.265; 9.339), p < 0.001), with a proportion mediated by CRP from 3.7% [-0.012%; 24.4%] (RS) to 9.8% [5,7%; 25.8%] (UKB). No mediation effect was observed for the other biomarkers. Coffee-T2D and coffee-CRP associations were generally stronger among consumers of ground (filtered or espresso) coffee and among never and former smokers. CONCLUSIONS Lower subclinical inflammation may partially mediate the beneficial association between coffee consumption and lower T2D risk. Consumers of ground coffee and non-smokers may benefit the most. KEYWORDS (MESH TERMS): coffee consumptions; diabetes mellitus, type 2; inflammation; adipokines; biomarkers; mediation analysis; follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Niels van der Schaft
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kim V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jill P Pell
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos A Celis-Morales
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Research Centre on Exercise Physiology (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Research Group in Education, Physical Activity and Health (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mendelian randomization study reveals a causal relationship between adiponectin and LDL cholesterol in Africans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18955. [PMID: 36347891 PMCID: PMC9643497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been associated with cardiometabolic traits in observational studies across populations, yet it is unclear if these associations are causal. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the relationship between adiponectin and cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africans. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin levels across 3354 unrelated sub-Saharan Africans. The PRS was used as the instrumental variable in two-stage least-squares MR analysis to assess its association with insulin resistance, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and hypertension. The adiponectin PRS was causally related with LDL (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.07-1.04, P-value = 0.024) but not the other traits. This association was observed in both overweight/obese and normal weight individuals, but only reached statistical significance among overweight/obese individuals (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.01-1.08, P-value = 0.045). In normal weight individuals, the adiponectin PRS was associated with T2D (OR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02-0.73, P-value = 0.021), and in men with HDL (β = 1.03, 95%CI 0.14-1.92, P-value = 0.023). The findings of this first MR study in sub-Saharan Africans support a causal relationship of adiponectin with LDL, with T2D in normal weight individuals only, and with HDL in men only. These observations add to the small but growing literature on adiponectin MR studies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Congenital adiponectin deficiency mitigates high-fat-diet-induced obesity in gonadally intact male and female, but not in ovariectomized mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16668. [PMID: 36198723 PMCID: PMC9534911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological literature indicates that women are less susceptible to type II diabetes (T2D) than males. The general consensus is that estrogen is protective, whereas its deficiency in post-menopause is associated with adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, epidemiological data suggests that males are more prone to developing T2D, and at a lower BMI, compared to females during post-menopausal years; suggesting that another factor, other than estrogen, protects females. We proposed to determine if adiponectin (APN) serves as this protective factor. An initial experiment was performed in which gonadally intact male and female mice were fed either a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) (40% kcals from fat) for 16 weeks. An additional group of HFD ovariectomy (OVX) mice were included to assess estrogen deficiency’s impact on obesity. Body composition, adipose tissue inflammation, ectopic lipid accumulation as well as glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were assessed. In corroboration with previous data, estrogen deficiency (OVX) exacerbated HFD-induced obesity in female mice. However, despite a higher body fat percentage and a similar degree of hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, female OVX HFD-fed mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity relative to HFD-fed males. Therefore, a subsequent HFD experiment was performed utilizing male and female (both gonadally intact and OVX) APN deficient mice (APN−/−) and wildtype littermates to determine if APN is the factor which protects OVX females from the similar degree of metabolic dysfunction as males in the setting of obesity. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine observed phenotype differences. APN deficiency limited adiposity and mitigated HFD-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in gonadally intact male and female, but not in OVX mice. Using indirect calorimetry, we uncovered that slight, but non-statistically significant differences in food intake and energy expenditure leading to a net difference in energy balance likely explain the reduced body weight exhibited by male APN-deficient mice. In conclusion, congenital APN deficiency is protective against obesity development in gonadally intact mice, however, in the setting of estrogen deficiency (OVX) this is not true. These findings suggest that gonadal status dictates the protective effects of congenital APN deficiency in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim D, Justice AE, Chittoor G, Blanco E, Burrows R, Graff M, Howard AG, Wang Y, Rohde R, Buchanan VL, Voruganti VS, Almeida M, Peralta J, Lehman DM, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Albala C, Santos JL, Angel B, Lozoff B, Gahagan S, North KE. Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:563-571. [PMID: 34645953 PMCID: PMC9005573 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers-adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin-and their associations with CMD risk factors. METHODS We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS). We further investigated the direct and indirect effect of the biomarker PRS on downstream body fat percent (BF%) and glycemic traits using structural equation modeling. RESULTS We identified putatively novel genetic variants associated with the metabolic biomarkers. A substantial amount of biomarker variance was explained by SLS-specific PRS, and the prediction was improved by including the putatively novel loci. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with PRS for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, and BF% was associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. We found evidence of substantial mediation of these associations by the biomarker levels. CONCLUSIONS The genetic underpinnings of metabolic biomarkers can affect the early development of CMD, partly mediated by the biomarkers. IMPACT This study characterized the genetic underpinnings of four metabolic hormones and investigated their potential influence on adiposity and insulin biology among Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance were associated with polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, with evidence of some degree of mediation by the biomarker levels. Body fat percent (BF%) was also associated with PRS for adiponectin and leptin. This provides important insight on biological mechanisms underlying early metabolic dysfunction and reveals candidates for prevention efforts. Our findings also highlight the importance of ancestrally diverse populations to facilitate valid studies of the genetic architecture of metabolic biomarker levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Estela Blanco
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Child Development and Community Health at the Center for Community Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Victoria L. Buchanan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC
| | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Juan Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | | | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Angel
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Child Development and Community Health at the Center for Community Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagrani R, Foraita R, Wolters M, De Henauw S, Marild S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Ahrens W, Marron M. Longitudinal association of inflammatory markers with markers of glycaemia and insulin resistance in European children. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3511. [PMID: 34748681 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subclinical systemic inflammation may lead to development of type 2 diabetes, but there has been no investigation into its relationship with early progression of glycaemic deterioration and insulin resistance, especially in younger population. In this study we assessed longitudinal associations of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers with markers that evaluate glycaemia and insulin resistance. METHODS This study includes 6537 initially nondiabetic children (mean age at baseline = 6.2 years) with repeated measurements from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study (mean follow-up = 5.3 years) from eight European countries. Markers of inflammation were used as independent variables and markers of glycaemia/insulin resistance as dependent variables. Associations were examined using two-level growth model. Models were adjusted for sex, age, major lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, early life markers, and other inflammatory markers in final model. RESULTS Children with 6 years of follow-up showed that a one-unit increase in z-score of leptin level was associated with 0.38 (95% CI = 0.32 to 0.44) unit increase in HOMA-IR z-scores. Leptin continued to be associated with HOMA-IR even when analysis was limited to children with no overall obesity, no abdominal obesity, and low to normal triglyceride levels. An inverse association was observed between IL-15 and HOMA-IR (β = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.15 to -0.07). CONCLUSIONS IL-15 should be evaluated further in the prevention or treatment of prediabetes whereas leptin may prove to be useful in early detection of prediabetes via their association with markers of insulin resistance in European children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Staffan Marild
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón) Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genetic variations in adiponectin levels and dietary patterns on metabolic health among children with normal weight versus obesity: the BCAMS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:325-332. [PMID: 34716426 PMCID: PMC9131437 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adiponectin represents an important link between adipose tissue dysfunction and cardiometabolic risk in obesity; however, there is a lack of data on the effects of adiponectin-related genetic variations and gene-diet interactions on metabolic disorders in children. We aimed to investigate possible interactions between adiponectin-related genetic variants and habitual dietary patterns on metabolic health among children with normal weight versus overweight/obesity, and whether these effects in childhood longitudinally contribute to metabolic risk at follow-up. SUBJECTS/METHODS In total, 3,317 Chinese children aged 6-18 at baseline and 339 participants at 10-year follow-up from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study cohort were included. Baseline lifestyle factors, plasma adiponectin levels, and six adiponectin-related genetic variants resulting from GWAS in East Asians (loci in/near ADIPOQ, CDH13, WDR11FGF, CMIP, and PEPD) were assessed for their associations with the metabolic disorders. Being metabolically unhealthy was defined by exhibiting any metabolic syndrome component. RESULTS Among the six loci, ADIPOQ rs6773957 (OR 1.26, 95% CI:1.07-1.47, P = 0.004) and adiponectin receptor CDH13 rs4783244 (0.82, 0.69-0.96, P = 0.017) were correlated with metabolic risks independent of lifestyle factors in normal-weight children, but the associations were less obvious in those with overweight/obesity. A significant interaction between rs6773957 and diet (Pinteraction = 0.004) for metabolic health was observed in normal-weight children. The adiponectin-decreasing allele of rs6773957 was associated with greater metabolic risks in individuals with unfavorable diet patterns (P < 0.001), but not in those with healthy patterns (P > 0.1). A similar interaction effect was observed using longitudinal data (Pinteraction = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a novel gene-diet interaction on the susceptibility to cardiometabolic disorders, which has a long-term impact from childhood onward, particularly in those with normal weight. Personalized dietary advice in these individuals may be recommended as an early possible therapeutic measure to improve metabolic health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Christen T, de Mutsert R, Lamb HJ, van Dijk KW, le Cessie S, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Trompet S. Mendelian randomization study of the relation between adiponectin and heart function, unravelling the paradox. Peptides 2021; 146:170664. [PMID: 34597752 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High adiponectin concentrations are generally regarded as beneficial with regard to cardiometabolic health, but have been paradoxically associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, specifically heart failure, in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the association between adiponectin and heart function parameters, and inversely, we estimated the effect of genetically-determined heart function and NT-proBNP as the main marker of heart failure on adiponectin using Mendelian randomisation. Observational analyses between adiponectin and measures of heart function, i.e. E/A ratio, left, and right ventricular ejection fraction, were performed in participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, assessed by MRI of the heart (n = 1,138). Two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of NT-proBNP and heart function on adiponectin concentrations using publicly-available summary statistics (ADIPOGen; the PLATO trial). The mean (standard deviation) age was 56 (6) years and mean body mass index was 26 (4) kg/m2. Per five μg/mL higher adiponectin, the E/A ratio was -0.05 (95 % CI: -0.10, -0.01) lower, left ventricle ejection fraction was -0.5 % (95 % CI: -1.1, 0.1) lower, and right ventricle ejection fraction was 0.5 % (95 % CI: -0.1, 1.2) higher. Genetically-determined NT-proBNP was causally related to adiponectin concentrations in ADIPOGen: per doubling of genetically-determined NT-proBNP, adiponectin concentrations were 11.4 % (95 % CI: 1.7, 21.6) higher. With causal MR methods we showed that NT-proBNP affects adiponectin concentrations, while adiponectin is not associated with heart function parameters. Therefore, reverse causation may explain the adiponectin paradox observed in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nielsen MB, Çolak Y, Benn M, Nordestgaard BG. Low Plasma Adiponectin in Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Observational Analysis and One- and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analyses in 756,219 Individuals. Diabetes 2021; 70:2694-2705. [PMID: 34426507 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that low plasma adiponectin is associated observationally and causally with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Observational analyses are prone to confounding and reverse causation, while genetic Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses are much less influenced by these biases. We examined 30,045 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study observationally (plasma adiponectin [1,751 individuals with type 2 diabetes]), 96,903 Copenhagen individuals using one-sample MR (5 genetic variants [5,012 individuals with type 2 diabetes]), and 659,316 Europeans (ADIPOGen, GERA, DIAGRAM, UK Biobank) using two-sample MR (10 genetic variants [62,892 individuals type 2 diabetes]). Observationally, and in comparisons with individuals with median plasma adiponectin of 28.9 μg/mL (4th quartile), multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes were 1.42 (95% CI 1.18-1.72) for 19.2 μg/mL (3rd quartile), 2.21 (1.84-2.66) for 13.9 μg/mL (2nd quartile), and 4.05 (3.38-4.86) for 9.2 μg/mL (1st quartile). Corresponding cumulative incidence for type 2 diabetes at age 70 years was 3%, 7%, 11%, and 20%, respectively. A 1 μg/mL lower plasma adiponectin conferred an HR for type 2 diabetes of 1.07 (1.06-1.09), while genetic, causal risk ratio per 1 unit log-transformed lower plasma adiponectin was 1.13 (95% CI 0.83-1.53) in one-sample MR and 1.26 (1.01-1.57) in two-sample MR. In conclusion, low plasma adiponectin is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, an association that could represent a causal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yunus Çolak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Benn
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kita S, Shimomura I. Stimulation of exosome biogenesis by adiponectin, a circulating factor secreted from adipocytes. J Biochem 2021; 169:173-179. [PMID: 32979268 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived circulating factor that protects various organs and tissues. Such a pleiotropic action mechanism has not yet been fully explained. Clinically important multimer adiponectin existing in serum bound to cells expressing T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cadherin, but not to the cells expressing other known receptors, AdipoRs or calreticulin. Adiponectin bound to the cell-surface, accumulated inside of multivesicular bodies through T-cadherin, and increased exosome biogenesis and secretion from the cells. Such increased exosome production accompanied the reduction of cellular ceramides in endothelial cells and mouse aorta, and enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration. Significantly lower plasma exosome levels were found in mice genetically deficient in either adiponectin or T-cadherin. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice required the presence of adiponectin in plasma, T-cadherin expression and exosome biogenesis in MSCs themselves, accompanying an increase of plasma exosomes. Essentially all organs seem to have MSCs and/or their related somatic stem cells expressing T-cadherin. Our recent studies suggested the importance of exosome-stimulation by multimer adiponectin in its well-known pleiotropic organ protections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Wan T, Li Y. Role of FoxO1 in regulating autophagy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:707. [PMID: 34007316 PMCID: PMC8120662 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic disease that is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular recycling pathway and is involved in regulating intracellular homeostasis. Transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) also regulates fundamental cellular processes, including cell differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis, and proliferation to cellular stress. Increasing evidence suggest that autophagy and FoxO1 are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, including β-cell viability, apoptosis, insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that FoxO1 improves insulin resistance by regulating target tissue autophagy. The present review summarizes current literature on the role of autophagy and FoxO1 in T2DM. The participation of FoxO1 in the development and occurrence of T2DM via autophagy is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jang AY, Scherer PE, Kim JY, Lim S, Koh KK. Adiponectin and cardiometabolic trait and mortality: where do we go? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2074-2084. [PMID: 34117867 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine known for its cardioprotective effects in preclinical studies. Early epidemiologic studies replicated these findings and drew great interest. Subsequent large-scale prospective cohorts, however, showed that adiponectin levels seemed not to relate to incident coronary artery disease (CAD). Even more surprisingly, a paradoxical increase of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increased adiponectin levels was reported. The adiponectin-mortality paradox has been explained by some groups asserting that adiponectin secretion is promoted by elevated natriuretic peptides (NP). Other groups have proposed that adiponectin is elevated due to adiponectin resistance in subjects with metabolic syndrome or heart failure (HF). However, there is no unifying theory that can clearly explain this paradox. In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), stretched cardiomyocytes secrete NPs, which further promote release of adiponectin from adipose tissue, leading to adiponectin resistance. On the other hand, adiponectin biology may differ in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which constitutes 50% of all of HF. Most HFpEF patients are obese, which exerts inflammation and myocardial stiffness, that is likely to prevent myocardial stretch and subsequent NP release. This segment of the patient population may display a different adiponectin biology from its HFrEF counterpart. Dissecting the adiponectin-mortality relation in terms of different HF subtypes may help to comprehensively understand this paradox. Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses claimed that adiponectin levels are not causally related to CAD or metabolic syndrome. Results from MR studies, however, should be interpreted with great caution because the underlying history of CAD or CHF were not taken into account in these analyses, an issue that may substantially confound the results. Here, we discuss many aspects of adiponectin; cardiometabolic traits, therapeutic interventions, and the ongoing debate about the adiponectin paradox, which were recently described in basic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea, Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, ., Dallas, TX, 75390-8549, USA
| | - Jang Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea, Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fukuda S, Kita S, Miyashita K, Iioka M, Murai J, Nakamura T, Nishizawa H, Fujishima Y, Morinaga J, Oike Y, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Identification and Clinical Associations of 3 Forms of Circulating T-cadherin in Human Serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1333-1344. [PMID: 33539522 PMCID: PMC8063249 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT T-cadherin (T-cad) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin that mediates adiponectin to induce exosome biogenesis and secretion, protect cardiovascular tissues, promote muscle regeneration, and stimulate therapeutic heart protection by transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. CDH13, the gene locus of T-cad, affects plasma adiponectin levels most strongly, in addition to affecting cardiovascular disease risk and glucose homeostasis. Recently, it has been suggested that T-cad exists in human serum, although the details are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To validate the existence of T-cad forms in human serum and investigate the association with clinical parameters of type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Using newly developed monoclonal antibodies against T-cad, pooled human serum was analyzed, and novel T-cad enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. The serum T-cad concentrations of 183 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients were measured in a cross-sectional observational study. The main outcome measure was the existence of soluble T-cad in human serum. RESULTS There were 3 forms of soluble T-cad: a 130-kDa form with a prodomain, a 100-kDa mature form, and a 30-kDa prodomain in human serum. Using newly developed ELISAs to measure them simultaneously, we found that the 130-kDa form of T-cad positively correlated with plasma adiponectin (r = 0.28, P < .001), although a physiological interaction with adiponectin was not observed in serum. The unique 30-kDa prodomain was associated with several clinical parameters in diabetes patients. CONCLUSION We identified 3 novel forms of soluble T-cad. Their importance as disease markers and/or biomarkers of adiponectin function and the possible bioactivity of the respective molecules require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: Shunbun Kita, PhD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan.
| | | | - Masahito Iioka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Murai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sattarinezhad A, Rasekhi Kazerouni A, Omrani GR, Shams M. Determinants of serum adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:321-324. [PMID: 33787190 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review non-surgical prevention strategies in women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes. CONTENT Women with a gBRCA1 or 2 mutations face a high cumulative breast and ovarian cancer risk. While bilateral mastectomy (PBM) and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (PBSO) profoundly reduce the respective cancer risks, they are also associated with considerable side effects. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative and non-surgical risk reduction options. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors have both been evaluated in secondary prevention, but their benefit in primary prevention is currently unknown in BRCA mutation carriers. In addition, their use is compromised by their side effect profile which makes them less appealing for a use in chemoprevention. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Denosumab is a well-tolerated osteoprotective drug, which has been demonstrated to have a potential preventive effect particularly in BRCA1-deficient models in vitro. The prospectively randomized double-blind BRCA-P trial is currently investigating the preventative effect of denosumab in healthy BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sattarinezhad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nielsen MB, Çolak Y, Benn M, Nordestgaard BG. Causal Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin and Body Mass Index: One- and Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analyses in 460 397 Individuals. Clin Chem 2020; 66:1548-1557. [PMID: 33106853 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a protein hormone produced by adipocytes that may play an important role in obesity. However, the causal interrelation between plasma adiponectin and body mass index (BMI) is still uncertain. We tested the hypotheses that (a) plasma adiponectin and BMI are inversely associated observationally, (b) genetically high BMI is associated with lower plasma adiponectin, and (c) genetically high plasma adiponectin is associated with lower BMI. METHODS Information on 108 896 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study was used in observational and bidirectional one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, using 5 genetic variants for BMI and 3 for adiponectin. For independent confirmation, information on 322 154 individuals from the GIANT consortium, and 29 347 individuals from the ADIPOGen consortium was used in bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, using 68 genetic variants for BMI and 14 for adiponectin. RESULTS In observational analyses, a 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with -0.44 µg/mL (95% confidence interval: -0.46, -0.42) in plasma adiponectin, whereas a 1 µg/mL increase in plasma adiponectin was associated with -0.11 kg/m2 (-0.12, -0.11) in BMI. In causal genetic analyses, no associations were observed between BMI and plasma adiponectin and vice versa. In one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, a 1 kg/m2 genetically determined increase in BMI was associated with -0.13 µg/mL (-0.53, 0.28) in plasma adiponectin, whereas a 1 µg/mL genetically determined increase in plasma adiponectin was associated with 0.01 kg/m2 (-0.05, 0.07) in BMI. Corresponding estimates in the two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were 0.03 µg/mL (-0.02, 0.07) and 0.03 kg/m2(-0.02, 0.07), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Observationally, plasma adiponectin and BMI are inversely associated. In contrast, genetically high plasma adiponectin is unlikely to influence BMI, and genetically high BMI is unlikely to influence plasma adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Booth Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yunus Çolak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Benn
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lakshmanan S, Jankowich M, Wu WC, Abbasi S, Morrison AR, Choudhary G. Association of plasma adiponectin with pulmonary hypertension, mortality and heart failure in African Americans: Jackson Heart Study. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020961242. [PMID: 33240486 PMCID: PMC7675872 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020961242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone related to obesity, and a known
modulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Association between plasma
adiponectin levels and pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not been studied in
African Americans (AAs) who are disproportionately affected by obesity. The
relationship between adiponectin and heart failure (HF) and mortality,
outcomes associated with PH, is unclear. Methods We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis to examine if there is
an association between plasma adiponectin and PH and associated clinical
outcomes, in participants of Jackson Heart Study (JHS). JHS is a prospective
observational cohort study of heart disease in AAs from Jackson,
Mississippi. Results Of the 3161 participants included in the study, mean age (SD) was 56.38
(12.61) years, 1028 were men (32.5%), and mean (SD) BMI was 31.42 (7.05)
kg/m2. Median (IQR) adiponectin was 4516.82 (2799.32–7065.85)
ng/mL. After adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, higher
adiponectin levels were associated with increased odds of PH (adjusted odds
ratio per log increment in adiponectin, (1.81; 95% CI, 1.41–2.32). High
adiponectin levels were also associated with associated HF admissions
(adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per log increment in adiponectin, 1.63, 95% CI,
1.24–2.14) and mortality (adjusted HR per log increment in adiponectin,
1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.41). Conclusions Elevated plasma adiponectin levels are associated with PH, HF admissions and
mortality risk in AAs. High adiponectin levels may help identify an at-risk
population that could be evaluated for targeted prevention and management
strategies in future studies
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvasini Lakshmanan
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew Jankowich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Siddique Abbasi
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alan R Morrison
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Francischetti EA, Dezonne RS, Pereira CM, de Moraes Martins CJ, Celoria BMJ, de Oliveira PAC, de Abreu VG. Insights Into the Controversial Aspects of Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:695-707. [PMID: 32927496 DOI: 10.1055/a-1239-4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight or obese. This impressive number shows that weight excess is pandemic. Overweight and obesity are closely associated with a high risk of comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and its most important outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin has emerged as a salutary adipocytokine, with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective properties. However, under metabolically unfavorable conditions, visceral adipose tissue-derived inflammatory cytokines might reduce the transcription of the adiponectin gene and consequently its circulating levels. Low circulating levels of adiponectin are negatively associated with various conditions, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, several recent clinical trials and meta-analyses have reported high circulating adiponectin levels positively associated with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. These results are biologically intriguing and counterintuitive, and came to be termed "the adiponectin paradox". Adiponectin paradox is frequently associated with adiponectin resistance, a concept related with the downregulation of adiponectin receptors in insulin-resistant states. We review this contradiction between the apparent role of adiponectin as a health promoter and the recent evidence from Mendelian randomization studies indicating that circulating adiponectin levels are an unexpected predictor of increased morbidity and mortality rates in several clinical conditions. We also critically review the therapeutic perspective of synthetic peptide adiponectin receptors agonist that has been postulated as a promising alternative for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Antonio Francischetti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Sperduto Dezonne
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Cyro José de Moraes Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Virgínia Genelhu de Abreu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Noordam R, Boersma V, Verkouter I, le Cessie S, Christen T, Lamb HJ, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, van Heemst D, de Mutsert R. The role of C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin in the association between abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance in middle-aged individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1306-1314. [PMID: 32507340 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we assessed the extent of mediation by low-grade systemic inflammation and adipokines in the association between abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional analysis of baseline measurements of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, total body fat (TBF) was measured in all (n = 5772) participants who did not have missing data and neither used glucose-lowering medication, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were assessed by MRI in a random subgroup (n = 2448). C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, and leptin were considered as potential mediators, and insulin resistance was assessed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Mediation by CRP, adiponectin, and leptin was studied by including the mediators to the fully adjusted linear regression model. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 56 (6) years, TBF of 36 (9) %, VAT of 119 (61) cm2 and aSAT of 300 (111) cm2. Per SD of TBF, VAT and aSAT, HOMA-IR was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59-70), 33% (95%CI: 28-42) and 20% (95%CI: 14-26) higher, respectively. The association between aSAT and HOMA-IR fully disappeared after adjustment for leptin; the association between VAT and HOMA-IR attenuated after adjustment for leptin (22%) and adiponectin (15%). No mediation was observed by CRP, and mediation estimates were similar in men and women. CONCLUSION Where leptin fully explained the aSAT-HOMA-IR association, the VAT-HOMA-IR association was only partly explained by leptin and adiponectin similarly in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vesna Boersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Verkouter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Datasciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Peltonen M, Andersson-Assarsson JC, Svensson PA, Herder C, Rudin A, Carlsson L, Maglio C. Elevated adiponectin predicts the development of rheumatoid arthritis in subjects with obesity. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:452-460. [PMID: 32667228 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1753808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the current study is to determine whether baseline serum adiponectin levels predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method The current report includes 3693 individuals from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. The original SOS study is a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study aiming to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on obesity-related mortality and morbidity. Participants included in the present report had adiponectin measurement available at baseline and no prevalent RA. The diagnosis of RA was retrieved through the Swedish National Patient Register. Results During a follow-up for up to 29 years, 82 study participants developed RA. Elevated baseline adiponectin levels were associated with a higher risk of developing RA independently of other factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and smoking [hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.60 for an increase in adiponectin of 10 mg/L, p = 0.01]. After stratifying the population according to adiponectin and CRP median at baseline, study participants with both adiponectin and CRP above the median had a higher risk of developing RA compared to subjects with adiponectin and CRP below the median (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.25-6.31, p = 0.01). Conclusions In this cohort of subjects with obesity followed up for up to 29 years, high serum adiponectin levels at baseline were associated with an increased risk for RA. Moreover, subjects with both high adiponectin and CRP levels at baseline were at particular risk of developing RA. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01479452.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Peltonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - J C Andersson-Assarsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P-A Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lms Carlsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Maglio
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Background The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are increasing rapidly worldwide. Identification of individuals at high risk of developing diabetes is of great importance as early interventions might delay or even prevent full-blown disease. T2D is a complex disease caused by multiple genetic loci in interplay with lifestyle and environmental factors. Recently over 400 distinct association signals were published; these explain 18% of the risk of T2D. Scope of review In this review there is a major focus on risk factors and genetic and non-genetic biomarkers for the risk of T2D identified especially in large prospective population-based studies, and studies testing causality of the biomarkers for T2D in Mendelian randomization studies. Another focus is on understanding genome-phenome interplay in the classification of individuals with T2D into subgroups. Major conclusions Several recent large population-based studies and their meta-analyses have identified multiple potential genetic and non-genetic biomarkers for the risk of T2D. Combination of genetic variants and physiologically characterized pathways improves the classification of individuals with T2D into subgroups, and is also paving the way to a precision medicine approach, in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Noordam R, van Heemst D, Suhre K, Krumsiek J, Mook-Kanamori DO. Proteome-wide assessment of diabetes mellitus in Qatari identifies IGFBP-2 as a risk factor already with early glycaemic disturbances. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108476. [PMID: 32585310 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics is expected to provide novel insights in the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we aimed to identify and biochemically characterize proteins associated with diabetes mellitus in a Qatari population. METHODS In a diabetes case-control study (175 cases, 164 controls; Arab, South Asian and Philippine ethnicities), we conducted a discovery study to screen 1141 blood protein levels for associations with diabetes mellitus. Additional analyses were done in controls in relation to Hb1Ac, and biochemical characterization of the main findings was performed with metabolomics (501 metabolites). We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization to provide evidence of potential causality using data from European descent of the DIAGRAM consortium (74,124 cases of diabetes mellitus and 824,006 controls) for the identified proteins for T2D and Hb1Ac. RESULTS After accounting for multiple testing, 30 protein levels were different (p-values<8.6e-5) between cases and controls. Of these, a higher Hb1Ac in controls was associated with a lower IGFBP-2 level (p-value = 4.1e-6). IGFBP-2 protein level was found lower among cases compared with controls across all ethnicities. In controls, IGFBP-2 was associated with 21 metabolite levels, but specifically connected to the metabolite citrulline in network analyses. We observed no evidence, however, that the association between IGFBP-2 and diabetes mellitus was causal. CONCLUSIONS We specifically identified IGFBP-2 to be associated with diabetes mellitus, although with no evidence for causality, which was specifically connected to citrulline metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kita S, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Interorgan communication by exosomes, adipose tissue, and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4041-4049. [PMID: 31483293 DOI: 10.1172/jci129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays important roles in regulating whole-body energy metabolism through its storage function in white adipocytes and its dissipating function in brown and beige adipocytes. Adipose tissue also produces a variety of secreted factors called adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested the important roles of extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin termed exosomes, which are secreted from adipocytes and other cells in adipose tissue and influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is known to be a pleiotropic organ-protective protein that is exclusively produced by adipocytes and decreased in obesity. Adiponectin accumulates in tissues such as heart, muscle, and vascular endothelium through binding with T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) cadherin. Recently, adiponectin was found to enhance exosome biogenesis and secretion, leading to a decrease in cellular ceramides, excess of which is known to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue metabolism systemically regulates exosome production and whole-body metabolism through exosomes. This review focuses on intra-adipose and interorgan communication by exosomes, adiponectin-stimulated exosome production, and their dysregulation in metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine.,Department of Adipose Management, and
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Genetic variation, adipokines, and cardiometabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:33-39. [PMID: 32480034 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are adipocyte-secreted cell signalling proteins that travel to distant target organs and tissues, where they regulate a variety of biological actions implicated in cardiometabolic health. In the past decade, genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with circulating levels of adipokines, providing new instruments for examining the role of adipokines in cardiometabolic pathologies. Currently, there is limited genetic evidence of causal relationships between adipokines and cardiometabolic disease, which is consistent with findings from randomized clinical trials that have thus far shown limited success for adipokine-based treatments in improving cardiometabolic health. Incorporating human genetic data in early phases of target selection is essential for enhancing the success of adipokine-based therapies for cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Manrique-Acevedo C, Chinnakotla B, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Gozal D. Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1210-1226. [PMID: 32066824 PMCID: PMC7478041 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to grow worldwide, the health and financial burden of obesity-related comorbidities grows too. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is clearly associated with increased adiposity. Importantly, women are at higher risk of CVD when obese and insulin resistant, in particular at higher risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and ischemic heart disease. Increased aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor activation, aberrant estrogenic signaling and elevated levels of androgens are among some of the proposed mechanisms explaining the heightened CVD risk. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, understanding nontraditional risk factors specific to women, like excess weight gain during pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and menopause are central to designing personalized interventions aimed to curb the epidemic of CVD. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a differential cardiovascular impact of increased adiposity in women compared with men and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms behind these differences. We also discuss women-specific cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bhavana Chinnakotla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee CH, Lui DTW, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, Yuen MMA, Chow WS, Woo YC, Xu A, Lam KSL. Higher Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations Predict Incident Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes - The Adiponectin Paradox. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5740218. [PMID: 32072163 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of adiponectin demonstrated in preclinical studies, paradoxically higher circulating adiponectin concentrations have been found in epidemiological studies to be associated with incident cardiovascular events, renal outcomes, and mortality in patients with diabetes. On the other hand, diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of cancer. Here, we investigated prospectively the association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and incident cancer using a cohort of exclusively individuals with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline serum adiponectin concentrations were measured in 5658 participants recruited from the Hong Kong West Diabetes Registry. The associations of circulating adiponectin concentrations with incident cancer and cancer-related deaths were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis, with hazard ratio (HR) for adiponectin referring to the respective risk per doubling of serum adiponectin concentration. RESULTS Over a median-follow up of 6.5 years, 7.53% and 3% of participants developed cancer and had cancer-related deaths, respectively. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in those who had incident cancer (9.8 μg/mL vs 9.1 μg/mL, P < 0.001) and cancer-related deaths (11.5 μg/mL vs 9.3 μg/mL, P < 0.001) compared with those without. Moreover, in multivariable analyses, serum adiponectin concentration was independently associated with both incident cancer (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.35; P = 0.006) and cancer-related deaths (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.47; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum adiponectin concentration was independently associated with incident cancer and cancer-related deaths in type 2 diabetes, indicating that adiponectin paradox can be observed in another major diabetic complication in addition to cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - David T W Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Carol H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Wing Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yu Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pan W, Sun W, Yang S, Zhuang H, Jiang H, Ju H, Wang D, Han Y. LDL-C plays a causal role on T2DM: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2584-2594. [PMID: 32040442 PMCID: PMC7041740 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic dyslipidemia is a common condition in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, with the increasing application of statins which mainly decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, clinical trials and meta-analysis showed a clearly increase of the incidence of new-onset DMs, partly due to genetic factors. To determine whether a causal relationship exists between LDL-C and T2DM, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variations as instrumental variables (IVs). Initially, 29 SNPs significantly related to LDL-C (P≤ 5.0×10-8) were selected as based on results from the study of Henry et al, which processed loci data influencing lipids identified by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) from 188,577 individuals of European ancestry. While 6 SNPs related to T2DM (P value < 5×10-2) were deleted, with the remaining 23 SNPs without LD eventually being deemed as IVs. The combined effect of all these 23 SNPs on T2DM, as generated with use of the penalized robust inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method (Beta value 0.24, 95%CI 0.087~0.393, P-value=0.002) demonstrated that elevated LDL-C levels significantly increased the risk of T2DM. The relationship between LDL-C and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with this analysis producing negative pooled results (Beta value -0.202, 95%CI -2.888~2.484, P-value=0.883).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiju Sun
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Zhuang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Ju
- Department of Information Engineering, Heilongjiang Biological Science and Technology Career Academy, Harbin, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Cardiovascular Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Adiyaman SC, Ozer M, Saydam BO, Akinci B. The Role of Adiponectin in Maintaining Metabolic Homeostasis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:95-103. [PMID: 31267874 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190702155733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine closely associated with obesity, altered body adipose tissue distribution, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. INTRODUCTION Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrate that adiponectin plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and improves systemic lipid metabolism. Although research efforts on adiponectin mostly aim towards its endocrine functions, this adipocyte-derived molecule also has profound autocrine and paracrine functions. CONCLUSION In this review, our aim is to discuss the role of adiponectin in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and its association with cardiovascular health. The proper identification of these roles is of great importance, which has the potential to identify a wealth of novel targets for the treatment of diabetes and related cardio-metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammet Ozer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Basak Ozgen Saydam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Z, Bai Y, Long X, Luo Q, Wen Z, Li Y, Huang S, Yan Y, Mo Z. Effects of Adiponectin on T2DM and Glucose Homeostasis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1771-1784. [PMID: 32547139 PMCID: PMC7250315 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The associations of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucose homeostasis (including β-cell function index (HOMA-β), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin (FI) and fasting glucose (FG)) have reported in epidemiological studies. However, the previous observational studies are prone to biases, such as reverse causation and residual confounding factors. Herein, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was conducted to determine whether causal effects exist among them. MATERIALS AND AND METHODS Two-sample MR analyses and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed using the summary data from the ADIPOGen consortium, MAGIC Consortium, and a meta-analysis of GWAS with a considerable sample of T2DM (62,892 cases and 596,424 controls of European ancestry). We got eight valid genetic variants to predict the causal effect among adiponectin and T2DM and glucose homeostasis after excluding the probable invalid or pleiotropic variants. RESULTS Adiponectin was not associated with T2DM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.004; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.740, 1.363) when using MR Egger after removing the invalid SNPs, and the results were consistent when using the other four methods. Similar results existed among adiponectin and HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, FI, FG. CONCLUSION Our MR study revealed that adiponectin had no causal effect on T2DM and glucose homeostasis and that the associations among them in observational studies may be due to confounding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Bai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfan Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Yan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zengnan Mo Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86771-5353342 Email
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alfazema N, Barrier M, de Procé SM, Menzies RI, Carter R, Stewart K, Diaz AG, Moyon B, Webster Z, Bellamy CO, Arends MJ, Stimson RH, Morton NM, Aitman TJ, Coan PM. Camk2n1 Is a Negative Regulator of Blood Pressure, Left Ventricular Mass, Insulin Sensitivity, and Promotes Adiposity. Hypertension 2019; 74:687-696. [PMID: 31327268 PMCID: PMC6686962 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cause of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Camk2n1 resides in genomic loci for blood pressure, left ventricle mass, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of metabolic syndrome, Camk2n1 expression is cis-regulated in left ventricle and fat and positively correlates with adiposity. Therefore, we knocked out Camk2n1 in spontaneously hypertensive rat to investigate its role in metabolic syndrome. Compared with spontaneously hypertensive rat, Camk2n1-/- rats had reduced cardiorenal CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) activity, lower blood pressure, enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, and reduced left ventricle mass associated with altered hypertrophic networks. Camk2n1 deficiency reduced insulin resistance, visceral fat, and adipogenic capacity through the altered cell cycle and complement pathways, independent of CaMKII. In human visceral fat, CAMK2N1 expression correlated with adiposity and genomic variants that increase CAMK2N1 expression associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Camk2n1 regulates multiple networks that control metabolic syndrome traits and merits further investigation as a therapeutic target in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neza Alfazema
- From the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.A., M.B., S.M.d.P., T.J.A., P.M.C.)
| | - Marjorie Barrier
- From the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.A., M.B., S.M.d.P., T.J.A., P.M.C.)
| | - Sophie Marion de Procé
- From the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.A., M.B., S.M.d.P., T.J.A., P.M.C.)
| | - Robert I. Menzies
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.I.M., R.C., K.S., R.H.S., N.M.M.)
| | - Roderick Carter
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.I.M., R.C., K.S., R.H.S., N.M.M.)
| | - Kevin Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.I.M., R.C., K.S., R.H.S., N.M.M.)
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A.G.D., B.M., Z.W.)
| | - Ben Moyon
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A.G.D., B.M., Z.W.)
| | - Zoe Webster
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A.G.D., B.M., Z.W.)
| | - Christopher O.C. Bellamy
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Edinburgh CRUK Cancer Centre, United Kingdom (C.O.C.B., M.J.A.)
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Edinburgh CRUK Cancer Centre, United Kingdom (C.O.C.B., M.J.A.)
| | - Roland H. Stimson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.I.M., R.C., K.S., R.H.S., N.M.M.)
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.I.M., R.C., K.S., R.H.S., N.M.M.)
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- From the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.A., M.B., S.M.d.P., T.J.A., P.M.C.)
| | - Philip M. Coan
- From the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.A., M.B., S.M.d.P., T.J.A., P.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Benn M, Nordestgaard BG. From genome-wide association studies to Mendelian randomization: novel opportunities for understanding cardiovascular disease causality, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1192-1208. [PMID: 29471399 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mendelian randomization approach is an epidemiological study design incorporating genetic information into traditional epidemiological studies to infer causality of biomarkers, risk factors, or lifestyle factors on disease risk. Mendelian randomization studies often draw on novel information generated in genome-wide association studies on causal associations between genetic variants and a risk factor or lifestyle factor. Such information can then be used in a largely unconfounded study design free of reverse causation to understand if and how risk factors and lifestyle factors cause cardiovascular disease. If causation is demonstrated, an opportunity for prevention of disease is identified; importantly however, before prevention or treatment can be implemented, randomized intervention trials altering risk factor levels or improving deleterious lifestyle factors needs to document reductions in cardiovascular disease in a safe and side-effect sparse manner. Documentation of causality can also inform on potential drug targets, more likely to be successful than prior approaches often relying on animal or cell studies mainly. The present review summarizes the history and background of Mendelian randomization, the study design, assumptions for using the design, and the most common caveats, followed by a discussion on advantages and disadvantages of different types of Mendelian randomization studies using one or more samples and different levels of information on study participants. The review also provides an overview of results on many of the risk factors and lifestyle factors for cardiovascular disease examined to date using the Mendelian randomization study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adiponectin levels among individuals with varied employment status in Japan: a cross-sectional analysis of the J-SHINE study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10936. [PMID: 31358891 PMCID: PMC6662719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between employment status and adiponectin levels. This cross-sectional study was a part of the Japanese Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood study, a population-based survey in metropolitan Japan. The analysis included data from 848 individuals. A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in log-transformed adiponectin levels among individuals according to their employment status. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess these differences after adjusting for other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The main outcome was log-transformed adiponectin. Of the participants, 6.2% of the men and 15.1% of the women were precarious workers. Mean adiponectin values differed significantly by employment status in men, but not in women. In men, multiple regression analysis showed that precarious workers had significantly lower adiponectin levels than permanent workers (β = −0.16, P = 0.02). However, in women, adiponectin levels were significantly lower only in precarious workers with low household incomes (β = −0.35, P = 0.02). Male precarious workers and their female counterparts with low annual household incomes had significantly lower levels of adiponectin. These results might help us to understand mechanisms underlying the relationship between employment status and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Spracklen CN, Karaderi T, Yaghootkar H, Schurmann C, Fine RS, Kutalik Z, Preuss MH, Lu Y, Wittemans LBL, Adair LS, Allison M, Amin N, Auer PL, Bartz TM, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Borja JB, Bork-Jensen J, Broer L, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Chirstofidou P, Demirkan A, van Duijn CM, Feitosa MF, Garcia ME, Graff M, Grallert H, Grarup N, Guo X, Haesser J, Hansen T, Harris TB, Highland HM, Hong J, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson R, Jousilahti P, Kähönen M, Kizer JR, Kovacs P, Kriebel J, Laakso M, Lange LA, Lehtimäki T, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lind L, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, MacGregor S, Mackey DA, Mahajan A, Mangino M, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, McKnight B, Medina-Gomez C, Meigs JB, Molnos S, Mook-Kanamori D, Morris AP, de Mutsert R, Nalls MA, Nedeljkovic I, North KE, Pennell CE, Pradhan AD, Province MA, Raitakari OT, Raulerson CK, Reiner AP, Ridker PM, Ripatti S, Roberston N, Rotter JI, Salomaa V, Sandoval-Zárate AA, Sitlani CM, Spector TD, Strauch K, Stumvoll M, Taylor KD, Thuesen B, Tönjes A, Uitterlinden AG, Venturini C, Walker M, Wang CA, Wang S, Wareham NJ, Willems SM, Willems van Dijk K, Wilson JG, Wu Y, Yao J, Young KL, Langenberg C, Frayling TM, Kilpeläinen TO, Lindgren CM, Loos RJF, Mohlke KL. Exome-Derived Adiponectin-Associated Variants Implicate Obesity and Lipid Biology. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:15-28. [PMID: 31178129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk, are highly heritable. To gain insights into the biology that regulates adiponectin levels, we performed an exome array meta-analysis of 265,780 genetic variants in 67,739 individuals of European, Hispanic, African American, and East Asian ancestry. We identified 20 loci associated with adiponectin, including 11 that had been reported previously (p < 2 × 10-7). Comparison of exome array variants to regional linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) results detected candidate variants (r2 > .60) spanning as much as 900 kb. To identify potential genes and mechanisms through which the previously unreported association signals act to affect adiponectin levels, we assessed cross-trait associations, expression quantitative trait loci in subcutaneous adipose, and biological pathways of nearby genes. Eight of the nine loci were also associated (p < 1 × 10-4) with at least one obesity or lipid trait. Candidate genes include PRKAR2A, PTH1R, and HDAC9, which have been suggested to play roles in adipocyte differentiation or bone marrow adipose tissue. Taken together, these findings provide further insights into the processes that influence circulating adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca S Fine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc, Cebu City, Philippines; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Paraskevi Chirstofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haesser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 2118, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33522, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33522, Finland
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University of Hospital, Kuopio 70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33522, Finland
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33522, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sophie Molnos
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg 85765, Germany
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2334 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Morris
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Renee de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD 20812, USA
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Aruna D Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chelsea K Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Neil Roberston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | | | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Betina Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 4103, Germany
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 2118, USA
| | | | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aaseth J, Roer GE, Lien L, Bjørklund G. Is there a relationship between PTSD and complicated obesity? A review of the literature. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:108834. [PMID: 31177066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research strongly supports the hypothesis that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be accompanied by obesity and related metabolic disturbances. The mechanisms of these associations are however still not well defined, although disturbed functions in the sympathetic-adrenergic nervous system together with the disturbed release of hormones via the endocrine HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis apparently play a role. Leptin resistance and ghrelin excesses might contribute to a disturbed hypothalamic function, and also disturb other cerebral functions, leading to dysfunctional reward signaling and uncontrolled appetite combined with a tendency to alcohol abuse. Secondarily, cortisol stimulation will contribute to the development of central obesity which is known to facilitate the development of metabolic syndrome, including slightly increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. While previous therapeutic strategies have focused on early psychotherapeutic interventions in PTSD, the present review emphasizes the importance of better therapeutic approaches regarding the somatic correlates of the syndrome. Strict regulation of dietary meals and food composition with minimal intake of sweets and saturated fat, as well as alcohol avoidance, can provide a basic therapeutic framework. A cognitive psychotherapeutic approach with graduated desensitization toward trigging factors, combined with pharmacotherapy, is discussed in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Pb 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway; Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.
| | - Grethe Emilie Roer
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu Q, Hao P, Liu Q, Dong M, Gong Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Mendelian randomization studies on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: evidence and limitations. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:758-770. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
40
|
Shapland CY, Thompson JR, Sheehan NA. A Bayesian approach to Mendelian randomisation with dependent instruments. Stat Med 2019; 38:985-1001. [PMID: 30485479 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a method for establishing causality between a risk factor and an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. In practice, the association between individual genetic variants and the risk factor is often weak, which may lead to a lack of precision in the MR and even biased MR estimates. Usually, the most significant variant within a genetic region is selected to represent the association with the risk factor, but there is no guarantee that this variant will be causal or that it will capture all of the genetic association within the region. It may be advantageous to use extra variants selected from the same region in the MR. The problem is to decide which variants to select. Rather than selecting a specific set of variants, we investigate the use of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to average the MR over all possible combinations of genetic variants. Our simulations demonstrate that the BMA version of MR outperforms classical estimation with many dependent variants and performs much better than an MR based on variants selected by penalised regression. In further simulations, we investigate robustness to violations in the model assumptions and demonstrate sensitivity to the inclusion of invalid instruments. The method is illustrated by applying it to an MR of the effect of body mass index on blood pressure using SNPs in the FTO gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yang Shapland
- Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nuala A Sheehan
- Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hébert HL, Shepherd B, Milburn K, Veluchamy A, Meng W, Carr F, Donnelly LA, Tavendale R, Leese G, Colhoun HM, Dow E, Morris AD, Doney AS, Lang CC, Pearson ER, Smith BH, Palmer CNA. Cohort Profile: Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:380-381j. [PMID: 29025058 PMCID: PMC5913637 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith Milburn
- Health Informatics Centre Services, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Abirami Veluchamy
- Division of Population Health Sciences.,Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | | | - Fiona Carr
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | | | - Roger Tavendale
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | - Graham Leese
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Division of Population Health Sciences.,Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine
| | - Ellie Dow
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chim C Lang
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
McGill JB, Johnson M, Hurst S, Cade WT, Yarasheski KE, Ostlund RE, Schechtman KB, Razani B, Kastan MB, McClain DA, de las Fuentes L, Davila-Roman VG, Ory DS, Wickline SA, Semenkovich CF. Low dose chloroquine decreases insulin resistance in human metabolic syndrome but does not reduce carotid intima-media thickness. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:61. [PMID: 31384309 PMCID: PMC6664523 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome, an obesity-related condition associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, leads to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoarthritis, and other disorders. Optimal therapy is unknown. The antimalarial drug chloroquine activates the kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), improves metabolic syndrome and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. To translate this observation to humans, we conducted two clinical trials of chloroquine in people with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS Eligibility included adults with at least 3 criteria of metabolic syndrome but who did not have diabetes. Subjects were studied in the setting of a single academic health center. The specific hypothesis: chloroquine improves insulin sensitivity and decreases atherosclerosis. In Trial 1, the intervention was chloroquine dose escalations in 3-week intervals followed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. Trial 2 was a parallel design randomized clinical trial, and the intervention was chloroquine, 80 mg/day, or placebo for 1 year. The primary outcomes were clamp determined-insulin sensitivity for Trial 1, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) for Trial 2. For Trial 2, subjects were allocated based on a randomization sequence using a protocol in blocks of 8. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS For Trial 1, 25 patients were studied. Chloroquine increased hepatic insulin sensitivity without affecting glucose disposal, and improved serum lipids. For Trial 2, 116 patients were randomized, 59 to chloroquine (56 analyzed) and 57 to placebo (51 analyzed). Chloroquine had no effect on CIMT or carotid contrast enhancement by MRI, a pre-specified secondary outcome. The pre-specified secondary outcomes of blood pressure, lipids, and activation of JNK (a stress kinase implicated in diabetes and atherosclerosis) were decreased by chloroquine. Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low dose chloroquine, which improves the metabolic syndrome through ATM-dependent mechanisms in mice, modestly improves components of the metabolic syndrome in humans but is unlikely to be clinically useful in this setting.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00455325, NCT00455403), both posted 03 April 2007.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet B. McGill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mariko Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Stacy Hurst
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - William T. Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Kevin E. Yarasheski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Richard E. Ostlund
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Michael B. Kastan
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Donald A. McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | | | | | - Daniel S. Ory
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | | | - Clay F. Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Las Heras Gala T, Herder C, Rutters F, Carstensen-Kirberg M, Huth C, Stehouwer CDA, Nijpels G, Schalkwijk C, Flyvbjerg A, Franks PW, Dekker J, Meisinger C, Koenig W, Roden M, Rathmann W, Peters A, Thorand B. Association of changes in inflammation with variation in glycaemia, insulin resistance and secretion based on the KORA study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3063. [PMID: 30114727 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Subclinical systemic inflammation may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, but its association with early progression of glycaemic deterioration in persons without diabetes has not been fully investigated. Our primary aim was to assess longitudinal associations of changes in pro-inflammatory (leukocytes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) markers with changes in markers that assessed glycaemia, insulin resistance, and secretion (HbA1c , HOMA-IR, and HOMA-ß). Furthermore, we aimed to directly compare longitudinal with cross-sectional associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes 819 initially nondiabetic individuals with repeated measurements from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 cohort study (median follow-up: 7.1 years). Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations were simultaneously examined using linear mixed growth models. Changes in markers of inflammation were used as independent and changes in markers of glycaemia/insulin resistance/insulin secretion as dependent variables. Models were adjusted for age, sex, major lifestyle and metabolic risk factors for diabetes using time-varying variables in the final model. RESULTS Changes of leukocyte count were positively associated with changes in HbA1c and HOMA-ß while changes in adiponectin were inversely associated with changes in HbA1c . All examined cross-sectional associations were statistically significant; they were generally stronger and mostly directionally consistent to the longitudinal association estimates. CONCLUSIONS Adverse changes in low-grade systemic inflammation go along with glycaemic deterioration and increased insulin secretion independently of changes in other risk factors, suggesting that low-grade inflammation may contribute to the development of hyperglycaemia and a compensatory increase in insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia de Las Heras Gala
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic inflammation, adipokines, and hepatokines have been identified as basis of insulin resistance and β cell failure in animal models. We present our current knowledge concerning the potential relationship between these cytokines, inflammation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS Pro-inflammatory cytokines related to insulin resistance and MetS in children are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon gamma, pigment epithelium-derived factor, chemerin, vaspin, and fetuin A. Anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with insulin resistance and MetS in children are leptin, adiponectin, omentin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, osteocalcin, and irisin. These anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased (adiponectin, omentin, and osteocalcin) or increased (leptin, FGF-21, and irisin) in obesity suggesting a resistance state. TNF-α, fetuin A, and FGF-21 are altered in obese children with T2DM suggesting an involvement in β cell failure. These cytokines, adipokines, and hepatokines may be able to predict development of MetS and T2DM and have a potential therapeutic target ameliorating insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Dr. F. Steiner Str. 5, D-45711, Datteln, Germany.
| | - Christian Ludwig Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ariza-Nieto M, Alley JB, Samy S, Fitzgerald L, Vermeylen F, Shuler ML, Alemán JO. Circulating MIR148A associates with sensitivity to adiponectin levels in human metabolic surgery for weight loss. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:975-982. [PMID: 30300537 PMCID: PMC6176280 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to discover secreted biomarkers to monitor the recovery of physiological adiponectin levels with metabolic surgery, focusing on epigenetic changes that might predict adiponectin function. DESIGN We conducted a prospective observational study of patients undergoing metabolic surgery by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) for weight loss in a single center (IRB GHS # 1207-27). METHODS All patients (n = 33; 27 females; 6 males) signed informed consent. Metabolites, adiponectin and MIR148A were measured in fasting plasma. We followed MIQE for transcript profiles. RESULTS Patients lost on average 47 ± 12% excess BMI (%EBMI) after 12 weeks. Adiponectin pre, post or delta (post minus pre) did not correlate with %EBMIL. A decrease in adiponectin following weight loss surgery was observed in a subset of patients, chi-square test of independence rejects the null hypotheses that the liver DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and delta adiponectin are independent (chi-square statistics χ2 = 6.9205, P = 0.00852, n = 33), as well as MIR148A and delta adiponectin are independent (chi-square statistics χ2 = 9.6823, P = 0.00186, n = 33). The presence of plasma MIR148A allows identification of patients that appear to be adiponectin insensitive at baseline. CONCLUSION We combined the presence of plasma MIR148A, the concentration of total adiponectin and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in liver biopsy tissue to identify patients with non-physiological adiponectin. Weight loss and physical activity interventions complemented with the new method presented here could serve to monitor the physiological levels of adiponectin, thought to be important for long-term weight loss maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnolia Ariza-Nieto
- Cornell UniversityMeinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
- epiWELLLLC, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Ariza-Nieto:
| | - Joshua B Alley
- Donald Guthrie Foundation for Education and ResearchGuthrie Clinic, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Samy
- Donald Guthrie Foundation for Education and ResearchGuthrie Clinic, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Fitzgerald
- Donald Guthrie Foundation for Education and ResearchGuthrie Clinic, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francoise Vermeylen
- Cornell UniversityCornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Cornell UniversityMeinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - José O Alemán
- New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Borges MC, Oliveira IO, Freitas DF, Horta BL, Ong KK, Gigante DP, Barros AJD. Obesity-induced hypoadiponectinaemia: the opposite influences of central and peripheral fat compartments. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:2044-2055. [PMID: 28369345 PMCID: PMC5837355 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The substantial reduction in adiponectin concentration among obese individuals seems to depend on fat distribution and is a marker of metabolic and adipose tissue dysfunction. We aimed to: (i) address whether abdominal fat from different compartments (visceral, deep subcutaneous abdominal and superficial subcutaneous abdominal) and gluteofemoral fat are independently associated with blood adiponectin concentration; and (ii) investigate whether abdominal (proxied by waist circumference) and gluteofemoral fat (proxied by hip circumference) accumulation causally determine blood adiponectin concentration. Methods To investigate the independent association of abdominal and gluteofemoral fat with adiponectin concentration, we used multivariable regression and data from 30-year-old adults from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (n = 2,743). To assess the causal role of abdominal and gluteofemoral fat accumulation on adiponectin concentration, we used Mendelian randomization and data from two consortia of genome-wide association studies-the GIANT (n > 210 000) and ADIPOGen consortia (n = 29 347). Results In the multivariable regression analysis, all abdominal fat depots were negatively associated with adiponectin concentration, specially visceral abdominal fat [men: β = -0.24 standard unit of log adiponectin per standard unit increase in abdominal fat; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.31, -0.18; P = 8*10-13; women: β = -0.31; 95% CI = -0.36, -0.25; P = 7*10-27), whereas gluteofemoral fat was positively associated with adiponectin concentration (men: β = 0.13 standard unit of log adiponectin per standard unit increase in gluteofemoral fat; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.22; P = 0.008; women: β = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.31; P = 7*10-11). In the Mendelian randomization analysis, genetically-predicted waist circumference was inversely related to blood adiponectin concentration (β = -0.27 standard unit of log adiponectin per standard unit increase in waist circumference; 95% CI = -0.36, -0.19; P = 2*10-11), whereas genetically-predicted hip circumference was positively associated with blood adiponectin concentration (β = 0.17 standard unit of log adiponectin per standard unit increase in hip circumference; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.24; P = 1*10-7). Conclusions These results support the hypotheses that there is a complex interplay between body fat distribution and circulating adiponectin concentration, and that whereas obesity-induced hypoadiponectinaemia seems to be primarily attributed to abdominal fat accumulation, gluteofemoral fat accumulation is likely to exert a protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - I O Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - D F Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - B L Horta
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - K K Ong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D P Gigante
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A J D Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Borges MC, Lawlor DA, de Oliveira C, White J, Horta BL, Barros AJD. Response by Borges et al to Editorial Regarding Article, "Role of Adiponectin in Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study". Circ Res 2018; 119:e127-8. [PMID: 27688308 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Epidemiology and Public Health Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care University College London London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon White
- UCL Genetics Institute Division of Biosciences Faculty of Life Sciences University College London London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Causality has been demonstrated for few of the many putative risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) emerging from observational epidemiology. Genetic approaches are increasingly being used to infer causality, and in this review, we discuss how genetic discoveries have shaped our understanding of the causal role of factors associated with T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic discoveries have led to the identification of novel potential aetiological factors of T2D, including the protective role of peripheral fat storage capacity and specific metabolic pathways, such as the branched-chain amino acid breakdown. Consideration of specific genetic mechanisms contributing to overall lipid levels has suggested that distinct physiological processes influencing lipid levels may influence diabetes risk differentially. Genetic approaches have also been used to investigate the role of T2D and related metabolic traits as causal risk factors for other disease outcomes, such as cancer, but comprehensive studies are lacking. Genome-wide association studies of T2D and metabolic traits coupled with high-throughput molecular phenotyping and in-depth characterisation and follow-up of individual loci have provided better understanding of aetiological factors contributing to T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. L. Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
van Eenige R, van der Stelt M, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism by the Endocannabinoid System. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:326-337. [PMID: 29588112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess energy as triglycerides, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized in dissipating energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in a broad range of physiological processes and is increasingly recognized as a key player in adipose tissue metabolism. High ECS tonus in the fed state is associated with a disadvantageous metabolic phenotype, and this has led to a search for pharmacological strategies to inhibit the ECS. In this review we present recent developments that cast light on the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism by the ECS, and we discuss novel treatment options including the modulation of endocannabinoid synthesis and breakdown enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Eenige
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bellou V, Belbasis L, Tzoulaki I, Evangelou E. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194127. [PMID: 29558518 PMCID: PMC5860745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic associated with increased health expenditure, and low quality of life. Many non-genetic risk factors have been suggested, but their overall epidemiological credibility has not been assessed. METHODS We searched PubMed to capture all meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies for risk factors of T2DM. For each association, we estimated the summary effect size, its 95% confidence and prediction interval, and the I2 metric. We examined the presence of small-study effects and excess significance bias. We assessed the epidemiological credibility through a set of predefined criteria. RESULTS We captured 86 eligible papers (142 associations) covering a wide range of biomarkers, medical conditions, and dietary, lifestyle, environmental and psychosocial factors. Adiposity, low hip circumference, serum biomarkers (increased level of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, uric acid and C-reactive protein, and decreased level of adiponectin and vitamin D), an unhealthy dietary pattern (increased consumption of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, decreased intake of whole grains, coffee and heme iron, and low adherence to a healthy dietary pattern), low level of education and conscientiousness, decreased physical activity, high sedentary time and duration of television watching, low alcohol drinking, smoking, air pollution, and some medical conditions (high systolic blood pressure, late menarche age, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, preterm birth) presented robust evidence for increased risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS A healthy lifestyle pattern could lead to decreased risk for T2DM. Future randomized clinical trials should focus on identifying efficient strategies to modify harmful daily habits and predisposing dietary patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bellou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lazaros Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|