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Khan MI, Khare A, Arif K, Khan SS, Nasir A, Lari S. Dental pulp stones and their correlation with metabolic diseases. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:192-199. [PMID: 39157846 PMCID: PMC11329071 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_536_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp calcifications or pulp stones are calcified structures found in dental pulp, mostly around or enclosing a blood vessel. The formation of these calcifications begins with concentric layers of calcified tissue within which remnants of necrotic and calcified cells may be present. The calcifications of thrombi in blood vessels, called phleboliths, may also serve as nidi for denticles. In metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or poor periodontal health, there are obvious changes in blood vessels and vascularization. In our study, we observed histopathological sections of dental pulp and correlated systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension with poor periodontal health and dental pulp stones. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the histopathology of dental pulp stones, their distribution among various age groups and sexes and to identify any correlations between pulp stone formation and systemic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension. Materials and Methods Samples from 100 patients with metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension were collected. The pulp was extirpated from the teeth that were undergoing root canal treatment, and the teeth were extracted. The collected pulp sample was fixed in 10% formaline neutral buffer, subjected to routine histopathological procedures and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The pulp of teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment was considered a control for patients with no metabolic disease. Results There was a definite relationship between increased pulp stones and metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension; likewise, poor periodontal health was significantly related to pulp stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhisheik Khare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushboo Arif
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameera Shamim Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdullah Nasir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shafik Lari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Safedabad, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Essa HA, El Shebini SM, Moaty MIA, Ahmed NH, Hussein AMS, Mohamed MS. Efficacy of parsley seed-supplemented bread in improving serum osteopontin level and renal health in obese women: A nutritional intervention study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:287-295. [PMID: 38220388 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic and a major contributor to chronic kidney disease worldwide. This interventional study aimed to evaluate the effects of a unique parsley seed bread and a healthy balanced diet on serum osteopontin level and renal function in obese women. METHODS A total of 85 obese women (BMI, 35.68 ± 0.47 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week nutritional intervention comprising two phases. In the first phase, participants consumed 100 g of ground parsley seed bread along with a healthy balanced low caloric regimen for four weeks. In the second phase, Baladi bread was substituted for the supplement, providing an equal caloric intake, for another four weeks. Relevant Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, dietary recall, and biochemical parameters (osteopontin, IL-1β, IL-10, kidney functions, and lipid parameters) were assessed before and after each intervention phase. RESULTS Following the initial intervention phase, there were significant improvements in all recorded mean anthropometric parameters (p ≤ 0.001). Lipid parameters and risk factors also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while osteopontin, creatinine, and IL-1β levels decreased significantly. eGFR, creatinine clearance, IL-10 increased. However, these improved values returned to elevated levels after the omission of the supplement in the second phase. There was a significant negative correlation between osteopontin and creatinine, creatinine clearance, and IL-10. CONCLUSION The combined effect of the novel parsley seed-based intervention and a healthy balanced low-calorie regimen demonstrated improvements in osteopontin level associated with renal disorders, and inflammation, in addition to dyslipidemia in obese women. This suggests a promising approach for improving and protecting kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Essa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salwa M El Shebini
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha I A Moaty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nihad H Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M S Hussein
- Department of Food Technology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda S Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Wang L, Niu X. Immunoregulatory Roles of Osteopontin in Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38276550 PMCID: PMC10819284 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the immune system. It is involved in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration and survival. The study of the immunomodulatory effects of OPN is of paramount importance due to its potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive understanding of how OPN regulates the immune response could pave the way for the development of novel treatments for a multitude of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and cancer. Therefore, in the following paper, we provide a systematic overview of OPN and its immunoregulatory roles in various diseases, laying the foundation for the development of OPN-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
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Bienaimé F, Muorah M, Metzger M, Broeuilh M, Houiller P, Flamant M, Haymann JP, Vonderscher J, Mizrahi J, Friedlander G, Stengel B, Terzi F. Combining robust urine biomarkers to assess chronic kidney disease progression. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104635. [PMID: 37285616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary biomarkers may improve the prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Yet, data reporting the applicability of most commercial biomarker assays to the detection of their target analyte in urine together with an evaluation of their predictive performance are scarce. METHODS 30 commercial assays (ELISA) were tested for their ability to quantify the target analyte in urine using strict (FDA-approved) validation criteria. In an exploratory analysis, LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) logistic regression analysis was used to identify potentially complementary biomarkers predicting fast CKD progression, determined as the 51CrEDTA clearance-based measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) decline (>10% per year) in a subsample of 229 CKD patients (mean age, 61 years; 66% men; baseline mGFR, 38 mL/min) from the NephroTest prospective cohort. FINDINGS Among the 30 assays, directed against 24 candidate biomarkers, encompassing different pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD progression, 16 assays fulfilled the FDA-approved criteria. LASSO logistic regressions identified a combination of five biomarkers including CCL2, EGF, KIM1, NGAL, and TGF-α that improved the prediction of fast mGFR decline compared to the kidney failure risk equation variables alone: age, gender, mGFR, and albuminuria. Mean area under the curves (AUC) estimated from 100 re-samples was higher in the model with than without these biomarkers, 0.722 (95% confidence interval 0.652-0.795) vs. 0.682 (0.614-0.748), respectively. Fully-adjusted odds-ratios (95% confidence interval) for fast progression were 1.87 (1.22, 2.98), 1.86 (1.23, 2.89), 0.43 (0.25, 0.70), 1.10 (0.71, 1.83), 0.55 (0.33, 0.89), and 2.99 (1.89, 5.01) for albumin, CCL2, EGF, KIM1, NGAL, and TGF-α, respectively. INTERPRETATION This study provides a rigorous validation of multiple assays for relevant urinary biomarkers of CKD progression which combination may improve the prediction of CKD progression. FUNDING This work was supported by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, MSDAVENIR, Pharma Research and Early Development Roche Laboratories (Basel, Switzerland), and Institut Roche de Recherche et Médecine Translationnelle (Paris, France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bienaimé
- Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Mordi Muorah
- Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Metzger
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Melanie Broeuilh
- Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houiller
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martin Flamant
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacky Vonderscher
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd, Basel, France
| | - Jacques Mizrahi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd, Basel, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Sinha SK, Mellody M, Carpio MB, Damoiseaux R, Nicholas SB. Osteopontin as a Biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1356. [PMID: 37239027 PMCID: PMC10216241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a ubiquitously expressed protein with a wide range of physiological functions, including roles in bone mineralization, immune regulation, and wound healing. OPN has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) where it promotes inflammation and fibrosis and regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism. OPN expression is increased in the kidneys, blood, and urine of patients with CKD, particularly in those with diabetic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. The full-length OPN protein is cleaved by various proteases, including thrombin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-7, cathepsin-D, and plasmin, producing N-terminal OPN (ntOPN), which may have more detrimental effects in CKD. Studies suggest that OPN may serve as a biomarker in CKD, and while more research is needed to fully evaluate and validate OPN and ntOPN as CKD biomarkers, the available evidence suggests that they are promising candidates for further investigation. Targeting OPN may be a potential treatment strategy. Several studies show that inhibition of OPN expression or activity can attenuate kidney injury and improve kidney function. In addition to its effects on kidney function, OPN has been linked to cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Science and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Michael Mellody
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Maria Beatriz Carpio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Gao M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:152. [PMID: 37037849 PMCID: PMC10086073 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. Drastic transformation of visceral adipose tissue and peripheral CD4 T cells in obesity. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1044737. [PMID: 36685567 PMCID: PMC9846168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a pronounced effect on the immune response in systemic organs that results in not only insulin resistance but also altered immune responses to infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Obesity-associated microenvironmental changes alter transcriptional expression and metabolism in T cells, leading to alterations in T-cell differentiation, proliferation, function, and survival. Adipokines, cytokines, and lipids derived from obese visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may also contribute to the systemic T-cell phenotype, resulting in obesity-specific pathogenesis. VAT T cells, which have multiple roles in regulating homeostasis and energy utilization and defending against pathogens, are most susceptible to obesity. In particular, many studies have shown that CD4 T cells are deeply involved in the homeostasis of VAT endocrine and metabolic functions and in obesity-related chronic inflammation. In obesity, macrophages and adipocytes in VAT function as antigen-presenting cells and contribute to the obesity-specific CD4 T-cell response by inducing CD4 T-cell proliferation and differentiation into inflammatory effectors via interactions between major histocompatibility complex class II and T-cell receptors. When obesity persists, prolonged stimulation by leptin and circulating free fatty acids, repetitive antigen stimulation, activating stress responses, and hypoxia induce exhaustion of CD4 T cells in VAT. T-cell exhaustion is characterized by restricted effector function, persistent expression of inhibitory receptors, and a transcriptional state distinct from functional effector and memory T cells. Moreover, obesity causes thymic regression, which may result in homeostatic proliferation of obesity-specific T-cell subsets due to changes in T-cell metabolism and gene expression in VAT. In addition to causing T-cell exhaustion, obesity also accelerates cellular senescence of CD4 T cells. Senescent CD4 T cells secrete osteopontin, which causes further VAT inflammation. The obesity-associated transformation of CD4 T cells remains a negative legacy even after weight loss, causing treatment resistance of obesity-related conditions. This review discusses the marked transformation of CD4 T cells in VAT and systemic organs as a consequence of obesity-related microenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Khanijou V, Zafari N, Coughlan MT, MacIsaac RJ, Ekinci EI. Review of potential biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3556. [PMID: 35708187 PMCID: PMC9541229 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decades with rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide. Current measures of kidney function based on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate do not accurately stratify and predict individuals at risk of declining kidney function in diabetes. As a result, recent attention has turned towards identifying and assessing the utility of biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the current literature on biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury focussing on studies of single or multiple biomarkers between January 2014 and February 2020. Multiple serum and urine biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury have demonstrated significant association with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and -2 were frequently studied and appear to hold most promise as markers of diabetic kidney disease. With regards to kidney injury biomarkers, studies have largely targeted markers of tubular injury of which kidney injury molecule-1, beta-2-microglobulin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin emerged as potential candidates. Finally, the use of a small panel of selective biomarkers appears to perform just as well as a panel of multiple biomarkers for predicting kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuthi Khanijou
- Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Department of DiabetesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityAlfred Medical Research AllianceMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard J. MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & DiabetesSt. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Wu H, Gonzalez Villalobos R, Yao X, Reilly D, Chen T, Rankin M, Myshkin E, Breyer MD, Humphreys BD. Mapping the single-cell transcriptomic response of murine diabetic kidney disease to therapies. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1064-1078.e6. [PMID: 35709763 PMCID: PMC9262852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in ∼40% of patients with diabetes and causes kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. We analyzed the response of a murine DKD model to five treatment regimens using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Our atlas of ∼1 million cells revealed a heterogeneous response of all kidney cell types both to DKD and its treatment. Both monotherapy and combination therapies targeted differing cell types and induced distinct and non-overlapping transcriptional changes. The early effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the S1 segment of the proximal tubule suggest that this drug class induces fasting mimicry and hypoxia responses. Diabetes downregulated the spliceosome regulator serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 (Srsf7) in proximal tubule that was specifically rescued by SGLT2i. In vitro proximal tubule knockdown of Srsf7 induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype, implicating alternative splicing as a driver of DKD and suggesting SGLT2i regulation of proximal tubule alternative splicing as a potential mechanism of action for this drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Xiang Yao
- Tox LJ Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Tao Chen
- PSTS Janssen Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Jia X, Toda K, He L, Miao D, Yamada S, Yu L, Kodama K. Expression-based Genome-wide Association Study Links OPN and IL1-RA With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes in Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1825-1832. [PMID: 35460250 PMCID: PMC9391606 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Islet autoantibodies (IAbs) are currently the most reliable indicators of islet autoimmunity. However, IAbs do not fully meet the need for the prediction and intervention of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Serological proteins should be great sources for biomarkers. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify new proteomic biomarkers with the technology of an expression-based genome-wide association study (eGWAS) in children newly diagnosed with T1D. METHODS In an attempt to identify additional biomarkers, we performed an eGWAS using microarray data from 169 arrays of the pancreatic islets of T1D rodents (78 T1D cases and 91 controls). We ranked all 16 099 protein-coding genes by the likelihood of differential expression in the pancreatic islets. Our top 20 secreted proteins were screened in 170 children including 100 newly diagnosed T1D, and 50 type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 20 age-matched healthy children. With 6 proteins showing significance, we further conducted a validation study using the second independent set of 400 samples from children including 200 newly diagnosed with T1D, 100 T2D, and 100 age-matched controls. RESULTS We identified 2 serum proteins that were significantly changed in T1D vs both control and T2D, and 5 serum proteins were significantly changed both in T1D and T2D vs control. Serum osteopontin (OPN) levels were uniquely higher in T1D (T1D vs controls, P = 1.29E-13 ~ 9.38E-7, T1D vs T2D, P = 2.65E-8 ~ 1.58E-7) with no difference between T2D and healthy control individuals. Serum interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels were lower in T1D compared both with T2D (P = 3.36E-9~0.0236) and healthy participants (P = 1.09E-79 ~ 2.00E-12). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OPN and IL1-RA could be candidates for useful biomarkers for T1D in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Kyoko Toda
- Biomedical Research Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Ling He
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Dongmei Miao
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Diabetes Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Liping Yu
- Liping Yu, MD, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, 1775 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Keiichi Kodama
- Correspondence: Keiichi Kodama, MD, Health Promotion Team, ORIX Group Health Insurance Society, ORIX Corp, 2-4-1 Hamamatsuchou, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6135, Japan.
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Steinbrenner I, Sekula P, Kotsis F, von Cube M, Cheng Y, Nadal J, Schmid M, Schneider MP, Krane V, Nauck M, Eckardt KU, Schultheiss UT. Association of osteopontin with kidney function and kidney failure in chronic kidney disease patients: the GCKD study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:1430-1438. [PMID: 35524694 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN), synthesized in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and in the distal tubule, is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, a hallmark of kidney failure (KF). In a cohort of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, we evaluated OPN's association with kidney markers and KF. METHODS OPN was measured from baseline serum samples of German Chronic Kidney Disease study participants. Cross-sectional regression models for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) as well as Cox regression models for all-cause mortality and KF were evaluated to estimate the OPN effect. Additionally, predictive ability, of OPN and time-dependent population-attributable fraction were evaluated. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 471 KF events and 629 deaths occurred among 4,950 CKD patients. One-unit higher log(OPN) was associated with 5.5 mL/min/1.73m2 lower eGFR (95%CI: [-6.4,-4.6]) and 1% change in OPN with 0.7% higher UACR (estimated effect 0.7, 95%CI: [0.6,0.8]). Moreover, higher OPN levels were associated with a higher risk of KF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.4, 95%CI: [1.2,1.7]) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.5, 95%CI: [1.3,1.8]). After 6 years, 31% of the KF events could be attributed to higher OPN levels (95%CI: [3%,56%]). CONCLUSIONS In this study, higher OPN levels were associated with kidney function markers worsening, and a higher risk for adverse outcomes. A larger proportion of KF could be attributed to higher OPN levels warranting further research on OPN with regards to its role in CKD progression and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Sekula
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja von Cube
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yurong Cheng
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Nadal
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Krane
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Osteopontin—A Potential Biomarker for IgA Nephropathy: Machine Learning Application. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040734. [PMID: 35453484 PMCID: PMC9025015 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential biomarkers in nephrology have been studied, but few are currently used in clinical practice. One is osteopontin (OPN). We compared urinary OPN concentrations in 80 participants: 67 patients with various biopsy-proven glomerulopathies (GNs)—immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN, 29), membranous nephropathy (MN, 20) and lupus nephritis (LN, 18) and 13 with no GN. Follow-up included 48 participants. Machine learning was used to correlate OPN with other factors to classify patients by GN type. The resulting algorithm had an accuracy of 87% in differentiating IgAN from other GNs using urinary OPN levels only. A lesser effect for discriminating MN and LN was observed. However, the lower number of patients and the phenotypic heterogeneity of MN and LN might have affected those results. OPN was significantly higher in IgAN at baseline than in other GNs and therefore might be useful for identifying patients with IgAN. That observation did not apply to either patients with IgAN at follow-up or to patients with other GNs. OPN seems to be a valuable biomarker and should be validated in future studies. Machine learning is a powerful tool that, compared with traditional statistical methods, can be also applied to smaller datasets.
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13
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Xu C, Wu Y, Liu N. Osteopontin in autoimmune disorders: current knowledge and future perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:385-396. [PMID: 35235108 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine and adhesion molecule, as well as an unusual regulator for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Several immune cells can produce OPN, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T lymphocytes. OPN expression is reported to be increased in a wide range of disorders, including autoimmunity, cancer, and allergy. The overexpression of OPN in several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren's, and myasthenia gravis, have been shown to be correlated with disease severity. Regarding the important regulatory roles of OPN in the immune system, this study aimed to review the role of this molecule in autoimmune disorders and to provide a complete view of the current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs and Myokines and Interactions with Serum Osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Moderate and Poor Glycemic Control: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7453000. [PMID: 34917685 PMCID: PMC8670937 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular miRNAs are expressed in tissue fluids with sufficient amounts and were identified as potential molecular targets for studying the physiological mechanisms and correlations with many human diseases particularly diabetes. However, molecular-based changes among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) are rarely fully elucidated. AIM This study is aimed at identifying circulating miRNAs, which hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for the immune-inflammatory changes in older T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control status. In addition, the association of both myokines and osteopontin (OPN) levels with circulating miRNAs was identified. METHODS A total of 80 subjects aged 20-80 years were invited during the period of October 2017-May 2018 to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. All subjects were diagnosed with T2D for more than 5 years. Subjects were grouped based on glycemic control (HbA1c values) into two groups: moderate glycemic control (>7-8% HbA1c, no = 30) and poor glycemic control (>8% HbA1c, no = 50), respectively. Diabetic control parameters, fasting blood sugar (FS), HbA1c, fasting insulin (IF), insulin resistance (IR), HOMA-IR, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and CRP), osteopontin, and myokines (adropin and irisin) were estimated by colorimetric and immune ELISA assays, respectively. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144, in the serum of all diabetic subjects. RESULTS In this study, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, CRP, and OPN and a reduction in the levels of myokines, adropin and irisin, compared to patients with moderate glycemic control. The results obtained are significantly correlated with the severity of diabetes measured by HbA1c, FS, IF, and HOMA-IR. In addition, baseline expression of miR-146a is significantly reduced and miR-144 is significantly increased in T2D patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with moderate glycemic control. In all diabetic groups, the expression of miR-146a and miR-144 is significantly correlated with diabetic controls, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum levels of OPN. Respective of gender, women with T2D showed more significant change in the expressed miRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, OPN, and serum myokine markers compared to men. ROC analysis identified AUC cutoff values of miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN expression levels with considerable specificity and sensitivity which recommends the potential use of adropin, irisin, and OPN as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes with varying glycemic control status. CONCLUSION In this study, molecular expression of certain microRNA species, such as miR-146a and miR-144, was identified and significantly associated with parameters of disease severity, HbA1c, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum osteopontin in T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control. The AUC cutoff values of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144; myokines, adropin and irisin; and serum OPN were significantly identified by ROC analysis which additionally recommends the potential use of these biomarkers, miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN, as diagnostic biomarkers with considerable specificity and sensitivity for diabetes in patients with varying glycemic control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Reisner A, Blackwell LS, Sayeed I, Myers HE, Wali B, Heilman S, Figueroa J, Lu A, Hussaini L, Anderson EJ, Shane AL, Rostad CA. Osteopontin as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A pilot study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:145-151. [PMID: 34565198 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211046835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the candidacy of plasma osteopontin (OPN) as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity and multisystem inflammatory condition in children (MIS-C) in children. A retrospective analysis of 26 children (0-21 years of age) admitted to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 17 and May 26, 2020 was undertaken. The patients were classified into three categories based on COVID-19 severity levels: asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic (control population, admitted for other non-COVID-19 conditions), mild/moderate, and severe COVID-19. A fourth category of children met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's case definition for MIS-C. Residual blood samples were analyzed for OPN, a marker of inflammation using commercial ELISA kits (R&D), and results were correlated with clinical data. This study demonstrates that OPN levels are significantly elevated in children hospitalized with moderate and severe COVID-19 and MIS-C compared to OPN levels in mild/asymptomatic children. Further, OPN differentiated among clinical levels of severity in COVID-19, while other inflammatory markers including maximum erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and ferritin, minimum lymphocyte and platelet counts, soluble interleukin-2R, and interleukin-6 did not. We conclude OPN is a potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity and MIS-C in children that may have future clinical utility. The specificity and positive predictive value of this marker for COVID-19 and MIS-C are areas for future larger prospective research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reisner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Laura S Blackwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hannah E Myers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Bushra Wali
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stacy Heilman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Janet Figueroa
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Austin Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Laila Hussaini
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Medicine, 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Andi L Shane
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
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16
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Contenti J, Durand M, Vido S, Declemy S, Raffort J, Carboni J, Bonnet S, Koelsch C, Hassen-Khodja R, Gual P, Mazure NM, Sadaghianloo N. Plasmatic osteopontin and vascular access dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional, case-control study (The OSMOSIS Study). J Nephrol 2021; 35:527-534. [PMID: 34468976 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite close follow-up of patients with native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), up to 10% experience thrombosis each year. The OSMOSIS Study (Osteopontin as a Marker of Stenosis) tested the hypothesis that the systemic osteopontin level, a pro-inflammatory mediator related to vascular remodelling and intimal hyperplasia, increases in AVF stenosis, and may be used in clinical surveillance. METHODS Our cross-sectional study compared the level of plasmatic osteopontin (pOPN) between patients with a well-functioning AVF (control group) and patients who required revision of their AVF due to stenosis (stenosis group). Blood samples were collected before dialysis (control group) or before intervention (stenosis group) from the AVF arm, and from the opposite arm as a within-subject control. pOPN level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 76 patients were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups (mean age, 70 years; men, 63%; AVF duration, 39 months), apart from prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (control group, 33%; stenosis group, 57%; p = 0.04). pOPN levels were similar between the AVF arm and the contralateral arm (551 ± 42 ng/mL vs. 521 ± 41 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.11, paired t-test). Patients in the stenosis group displayed a higher pOPN level than patients in the control group (650.2 ± 59.8 ng/mL vs. 460.5 ± 61.2, respectively, p = 0.03; two-way ANOVA). T2D was not identified as an associated factor in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS The level of pOPN in hemodialysis patients was associated with the presence of AVF stenosis requiring intervention. Thus, its potential as a diagnostic biomarker should be assessed in a vascular access surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Contenti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.,Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Durand
- Department of Urology and Andrology and Renal Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universiatire de Nice, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, INSERM U1081-CNRS, UMR 7284, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sandor Vido
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Serge Declemy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 1, 30 Ave de la voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Juliette Raffort
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Joseph Carboni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 1, 30 Ave de la voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Bonnet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 1, 30 Ave de la voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France.,Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christophe Koelsch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Réda Hassen-Khodja
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 1, 30 Ave de la voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 1, 30 Ave de la voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France.
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17
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Del Toro R, Cavallari I, Tramontana F, Park K, Strollo R, Valente L, De Pascalis M, Grigioni F, Pozzilli P, Buzzetti R, Napoli N, Maddaloni E. Association of bone biomarkers with advanced atherosclerotic disease in people with overweight/obesity. Endocrine 2021; 73:339-346. [PMID: 33948786 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests a potential link between bone metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of circulating bone turnover biomarkers and advanced atherosclerosis. METHODS Klotho (KL), sclerostin (SOST), osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography and carotid Doppler ultrasound. The primary outcome was the difference in bone biomarkers levels between participants with and without advanced atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of a critical coronary (≥70%) and/or carotid (≥50%) stenosis. RESULTS A total of 80 subjects (32.5% females) with a mean age of 68 ± 10 years were included. Advanced atherosclerosis was detected in 55 (68.8%) patients. Subjects with advanced atherosclerosis showed higher serum levels of OPG (p = 0.0015) and SOST (p = 0.017) and similar levels of KL (p = 0.62) and OPN (p = 0.06) compared to patients without. After adjustment for age and sex, only elevated levels of OPG remained significantly associated with advanced atherosclerosis (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum levels of OPG are independently associated with advanced atherosclerosis confirming a common bond between bone metabolism and vascular disease. Further investigations on the role of selected bone biomarkers in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Del Toro
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Tramontana
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocky Strollo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Valente
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Pascalis
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Osteopontin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071047. [PMID: 34356671 PMCID: PMC8301767 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented advances in secondary prevention have greatly improved the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, CVDs remain a leading cause of death globally. These findings suggest the need to reconsider cardiovascular risk and optimal medical therapy. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation, pro-thrombotic factors, and gene mutations are focused not only on cardiovascular residual risk but also as the next therapeutic target for CVDs. Furthermore, recent clinical trials, such as the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study trial, showed the possibility of anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with CVDs. Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions and is involved in a number of pathological states in CVDs. OPN has a two-faced phenotype that is dependent on the pathological state. Acute increases in OPN have protective roles, including wound healing, neovascularization, and amelioration of vascular calcification. By contrast, chronic increases in OPN predict poor prognosis of a major adverse cardiovascular event independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, OPN can be a therapeutic target for CVDs but is not clinically available. In this review, we discuss the role of OPN in the development of CVDs and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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19
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Fu J, Yi Z, Cai M, Yuan W, Zhang W, Lee K, He JC. Global transcriptomic changes in glomerular endothelial cells in mice with podocyte depletion and glomerulosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:687. [PMID: 34244474 PMCID: PMC8270962 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier, and its dysfunction and eventual loss drive glomerular disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of podocyte cross-talk with other glomerular cells, such as glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), in both glomerular homeostasis and in disease settings. However, how GECs are affected globally by podocyte injury and loss in disease settings remains unclear. Therefore, to characterize the molecular changes occurring in GECs in response to the podocyte loss, we performed the transcriptomic profiling of isolated GECs after diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated podocyte depletion in transgenic mice with podocyte-specific human DT receptor and endothelial-specific enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression. DT administration led to nearly 40% of podocyte loss with the development of glomerulosclerosis. Differential gene expression analysis of isolated GECs in the diseased mice showed significant changes in pathways related to cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton, proliferation, and angiogenesis, as well as apoptosis and cell death. However, quantification of EYFP + GECs indicated that there was a reduction in GECs in the diseased mice, suggesting that despite the ongoing proliferation, the concomitant injury and the activation of cell death program results in their overall net loss. The upstream regulator analysis strongly indicated the involvement of p53, TGF-β1, and TNF-α as key mediators of the molecular changes occurring in GECs in the diseased mice. Our findings demonstrate significant molecular changes in GECs as a secondary consequence of podocyte loss and provide a valuable resource for further in-depth analysis of potential glomerular cross-talk mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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Su X, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Wang B. Novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic related dyslipidemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5675-5687. [PMID: 34218408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the technological advances, it has been well-established that obesity is strongly correlated with various health problems. Among these problems, dyslipidemia is one of the most important concomitant symptoms under obese status which is the main driving force behind the pathological progression of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Importantly, the type of dyslipidemia, arising from concerted action of obesity, has been identified as "metabolic related dyslipidemia", which is characterized by increased circulating levels of Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) accompanied by lower circulating levels of High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the metabolic related dyslipidemia is being verified as a vital link between obesity and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarized the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, we also summarized the emerging results which focused on several novel lipid bio-markers in metabolic related dyslipidemia, such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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21
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Pathology of metabolically-related dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:107-115. [PMID: 34192528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight/obesity is closely associated with multiple health problems. Among these, dyslipidemia is the most important and main driving force behind pathologic development of cardio-metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Notably, a subtype of dyslipidemia, metabolic related dyslipidemia, is now recognized as a vital link between obesity and multiple different cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity/overweight. We focus on several novel lipid biomarkers such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Grant MB, Obukhov AG. The Potential Role of Osteopontin and Furin in Worsening Disease Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Pre-Existing Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:E2528. [PMID: 33238570 PMCID: PMC7700577 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with more than 50 million cases reported globally. Findings have consistently identified an increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with diabetes. Osteopontin, a cytokine-like matrix-associated phosphoglycoprotein, is elevated in diabetes and drives the expression of furin, a proprotein convertase implicated in the proteolytic processing and activation of several precursors, including chemokines, growth factors, hormones, adhesion molecules, and receptors. Elevated serum furin is a signature of diabetes mellitus progression and is associated with a dysmetabolic phenotype and increased risk of diabetes-linked premature mortality. Additionally, furin plays an important role in enhancing the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 by promoting its entry and replication in the host cell. Here, we hypothesize that diabetes-induced osteopontin and furin protein upregulation results in worse outcomes in diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to the roles of these protein in promoting viral infection and increasing metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting the osteopontin-furin axis may be a plausible strategy for reducing mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.A.-A.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.A.-A.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Marcovecchio ML, Colombo M, Dalton RN, McKeigue PM, Benitez-Aguirre P, Cameron FJ, Chiesa ST, Couper JJ, Craig ME, Daneman D, Davis EA, Deanfield JE, Donaghue KC, Jones TW, Mahmud FH, Marshall SM, Neil A, Colhoun HM, Dunger DB. Biomarkers associated with early stages of kidney disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:1322-1332. [PMID: 32783254 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify biomarkers of renal disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare findings in adults with T1D. METHODS Twenty-five serum biomarkers were measured, using a Luminex platform, in 553 adolescents (median [interquartile range] age: 13.9 [12.6, 15.2] years), recruited to the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial. Associations with baseline and final estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), rapid decliner and rapid increaser phenotypes (eGFR slopes <-3 and > 3 mL/min/1.73m2 /year, respectively), and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were assessed. Results were also compared with those obtained in 859 adults (age: 55.5 [46.1, 64.4) years) from the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource. RESULTS In the adolescent cohort, baseline eGFR was negatively associated with trefoil factor-3, cystatin C, and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) (B coefficient[95%CI]: -0.19 [-0.27, -0.12], P = 7.0 × 10-7 ; -0.18 [-0.26, -0.11], P = 5.1 × 10-6 ; -0.12 [-0.20, -0.05], P = 1.6 × 10-3 ), in addition to clinical covariates. Final eGFR was negatively associated with osteopontin (-0.21 [-0.28, -0.14], P = 2.3 × 10-8 ) and cystatin C (-0.16 [-0.22, -0.09], P = 1.6 × 10-6 ). Rapid decliner phenotype was associated with osteopontin (OR: 1.83 [1.42, 2.41], P = 7.3 × 10-6 ), whereas rapid increaser phenotype was associated with fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) (1.59 [1.23, 2.04], P = 2.6 × 10-4 ). ACR was not associated with any of the biomarkers. In the adult cohort similar associations with eGFR were found; however, several additional biomarkers were associated with eGFR and ACR. CONCLUSIONS In this young population with T1D and high rates of hyperfiltration, osteopontin was the most consistent biomarker associated with prospective changes in eGFR. FGF-23 was associated with eGFR increases, whereas trefoil factor-3, cystatin C, and B2M were associated with baseline eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Colombo
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raymond Neil Dalton
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul M McKeigue
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Benitez-Aguirre
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fergus J Cameron
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott T Chiesa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Medical Imaging, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Denis Daneman
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John E Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kim C Donaghue
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy W Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Farid H Mahmud
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sally M Marshall
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), Faculty of Clinical Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Neil
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yamashita S, Shinozaki T, Murata H, Matsuyama Y, Babazono T. Panel of novel urine biomarkers for incident microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1910-1918. [PMID: 32096274 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The need to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy is widely recognized. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between biomarkers and the onset of albuminuria. In this study, we aimed to investigate a panel of biomarkers suitable for predicting microalbuminuria. METHODS Some 346 Japanese people with type 2 diabetes exhibiting normoalbuminuria were studied. The endpoint was defined as the onset of microalbuminuria. Thirty biomarkers were selected from among urinary biomarkers described in previous studies. A panel of biomarkers was selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The prognostic performance of the developed panel was evaluated. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 45 people progressed to microalbuminuria. A composite panel of six biomarkers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, osteopontin, soluble human tumour necrosis factor receptor-1, tenascin C, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and kidney injury molecule-1) was developed using LASSO. Compared with the basal model comprising estimated GFR and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, addition of these six biomarkers significantly increased the overall C index from 0.773 to 0.824 (P = 0.019). Net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were estimated to be 0.412 (P = 0.049) and 0.040 (P = 0.040), respectively. Decision curve analysis also showed that the model with the six novel biomarkers had a better prognostic value for predicting the onset of microalbuminuria. The optimism was moderate or negligible according to measures. CONCLUSIONS The panel consisting of six novel urinary biomarkers effectively predicted incident microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shinozaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Murata
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Babazono
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Su X, Peng D. Emerging functions of adipokines in linking the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7991-8006. [PMID: 32888125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that obesity is the critical factor in shaping cardio-metabolic phenotypes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. According to the published reports, adipose tissue communicates with several diverse organs, such as heart, lungs, and kidneys through the secretion of various cytokines named adipokines. The adipocytes isolated from obese mice or humans are dysfunctional with aberrant production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which subsequently induce both acute and chronic inflammatory reaction and facilitate the process of cardio-metabolic disorder complications. Furthermore, the microenvironment within adipose tissue under obese status also influence the secretion of adipokines. Recently, given that several important adipokines have been completely researched and causally involved in various diseases, we could make a conclusion that adipokines play an essential role in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, whereas several novel adipokines continue to be explored and elucidated. In the present review, we summarized the current knowledge of the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the published mechanisms whereby adipocytes affects obesity and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, we also provide the evidence to elucidate the functions of adipokines in controlling and regulating the inflammatory reactions which contribute to obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Su X, Peng D. Adipokines as novel biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are necessary for an acute response to injury and the progressive healing process. However, when this acute response does not resolve and becomes chronic, the same proteins that once promoted healing then contribute to chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as atherosclerosis. OPN (Osteopontin) is a secreted matricellular cytokine that signals through integrin and CD44 receptors, is highly upregulated in acute and chronic inflammatory settings, and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiologic processes. Evidence from the literature suggests that OPN may fit within the Goldilocks paradigm with respect to cardiovascular disease, where acute increases are protective, attenuate vascular calcification, and promote postischemic neovascularization. In contrast, chronic increases in OPN are clinically associated with an increased risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event, and OPN expression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors. With the recent finding that humans express multiple OPN isoforms as the result of alternative splicing and that these isoforms have distinct biologic functions, future studies are required to determine what OPN isoform(s) are expressed in the setting of vascular disease and what role each of these isoforms plays in vascular disease progression. This review aims to discuss our current understanding of the role(s) of OPN in vascular disease pathologies using evidence from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Where possible, we discuss what is known about OPN isoform expression and our understanding of OPN isoform contributions to cardiovascular disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Shin Yee Lok
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia (Z.S.Y.L.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.)
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28
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Brown RB. Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:674-689. [PMID: 31686640 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191104113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a scoping review and synthesis of research findings investigating the toxic cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate-phosphate toxicity-as a pathophysiological determinant of diabetes and diabetic complications. Phosphorus, an essential micronutrient, is closely linked to the cellular metabolism of glucose for energy production, and serum inorganic phosphate is often transported into cells along with glucose during insulin therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuronal degeneration, and pancreatic cancer are associated with dysregulated levels of phosphate in diabetes. Ectopic calcification involving deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals is prevalent throughout diabetic complications, including vascular calcification, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone disorders. A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention is proposed for further investigations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related diabetic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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29
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Abdelaziz Mohamed I, Gadeau AP, Hasan A, Abdulrahman N, Mraiche F. Osteopontin: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121558. [PMID: 31816901 PMCID: PMC6952988 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is recognized for its significant roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Initially, OPN was recognized as a cytokine with pro-inflammatory actions. More recently, OPN has emerged as a matricellular protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM). OPN is also known to be a substrate for proteolytic cleavage by several proteases that form an integral part of the ECM. In the adult heart under physiological conditions, basal levels of OPN are expressed. Increased expression of OPN has been correlated with the progression of cardiac remodeling and fibrosis to heart failure and the severity of the condition. The intricate process by which OPN mediates its effects include the coordination of intracellular signals necessary for the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, promoting angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of OPN in contributing to the development of cardiac fibrosis and its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Abdelaziz Mohamed
- Visiting Scholar, Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, P.O. Box 12588 Giza Governorate, Egypt;
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Bordeaux, U1034 Pessac, France;
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Abdulrahman
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050 Doha, Qatar;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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El Dayem SMA, El Bohy AEM, Battah AA, Hamed M, El Aziz SHA. Osteopontin for Early Detection of Microvascular and Macrovascular Type 1 Diabetic Complication. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3619-3622. [PMID: 32010387 PMCID: PMC6986529 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between osteopontin and diabetes complication in type 1 diabetic patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy types 1 diabetic and 60 healthy volunteers were studied. Full history, examination, laboratory tests of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids {cholesterol, triglyceride (Tg), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL-c)}, oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), Osteopontin and urinary microalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio) were done. Image study in the form of a carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) and aortic intimal medial thickness (aIMT), renal doppler for resistivity index was also done for all participant included in the study. RESULTS Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, lipid profile, osteopontin, cIMT and aIMT were higher in people with diabetes. Osteopontin was higher in people with diabetes with positive microalbuminuria and cIMT. Systolic blood pressure, microalbuminuria and cIMT had a positive correlation with osteopontin in people with diabetes. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that osteopontin had a significant correlation with cIMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the cut off value of Osteopontin for detection of cIMT was > 60 with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity 80.5%, while that of albumin/creatinine ratio was > 64 with a specificity of 66.7 and sensitivity of 92.3. CONCLUSION Osteopontin is higher in type 1 diabetics and is useful for early detection of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mona Hamed
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Vikulova OK, Zuraeva ZT, Mikhaleva OV, Nikankina LV, Shamkhalova MS, Shestakova MV, Dedov II. Renal effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 90:59-64. [PMID: 30701906 DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890659-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of our study is to assess the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1R agonists) on early markers of kidney damage in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 27 patients with type 1 diabetes with normo- (n=16) and microalbuminuria (n=11) on intensive insulin injection regimen with insulin analogs. Patients were divided into two groups: 15 patients continued insulin therapy throughout the follow-up period, 12 patients were given 1.2 mg GLP-1R agonist (Liraglutide) once a day in addition to the insulin therapy for 6 months. HbA1c, lipid profile, classic markers of kidney damage (albuminuria, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate); plazma (neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipoxalin - NGAL, molecule renal damage of type 1 - KIM-1, cystatin C, osteopontin) and urinary kidney biomarkers (nephrin, podocyne, uromodulin, NGAL, KIM-1, collagen type IV, cystatin C) were evaluated prior and in dynamics at 6 months. Kidney biomarkers levels were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of type IV collagen, cystatin C, increased uromodulin excretion and decrease in the plasma levels of osteopontin, NGAL and cystatin C in the group of combined insulin and GLP-1R agonist therapy. CONCLUSION Changes in the level of sensitive kidney biomarkers indicate a possible renoprotective effect of GLP-1R agonist therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes at an early stages of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Vikulova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z T Zuraeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Mikhaleva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Nikankina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Sh Shamkhalova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Dedov
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Kaleta B, Krata N, Zagożdżon R, Mucha K. Osteopontin Gene Polymorphism and Urinary OPN Excretion in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060524. [PMID: 31159229 PMCID: PMC6628186 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein involved in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. However, the association of variants of secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene (SPP1), which encodes OPN, with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) has not been examined up to date. Moreover, the role of OPN in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations is not fully known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNiPs) of SPP1 gene, as well as the urinary OPN excretion in IgAN patients and healthy controls. In total, 58 Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven IgAN and 184 gender-, age-, and ethnically-matched healthy controls were genotyped for rs1126616, rs1126772, rs9138, and rs7687316/rs3841116 polymorphisms by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Urinary OPN concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 58 IgAN patients and 19 controls. SPP1 SNiPs, as well as urinary OPN excretion, were analyzed in relation to their possible associations with the clinicopathological parameters. The frequency of the minor TT/CT genotypes of rs1126616 was significantly higher in IgAN patients compared to controls (P = 0.0217). Similarly, the minor (CC/AC) genotypes and the C allele of rs9138 were more frequent in IgAN patients (P = 0.0425 and P = 0.0112, respectively). Moreover, these two SNiPs were associated with the higher urinary OPN excretion (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that rs1126616, as well as rs9138, may be associated with IgAN development, however future studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Krata
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
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The rs1126616 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Osteopontin Gene Is Independently Associated with Cardiovascular Events in a Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050592. [PMID: 31036794 PMCID: PMC6571716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVE), partly due to the higher burden of atherosclerosis. Circulating Osteopontin (OPN) levels have been also shown to have a potential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, CKD patients show an increase in circulating OPN levels, but their effect of CKD-related atherosclerosis is not clear. Polymorphisms in the OPN gene (SPP1) have been studied in atheromatous disease, but reported results show conflictive findings. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of SPP1 polymorphisms in CVE in CKD patients, taking into account circulating OPN levels. We followed 559 healthy controls and 2445 CKD patients without previous CVE from the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology study (NEFRONA study). After 48 months of follow-up 206 CVE were recorded. Genotyping for rs9138, rs1126616, rs1126772, rs11730582 and rs28357094 polymorphisms of the SPP1 gene was performed along with the measurements of plasma OPN levels. The group of patients with CVE showed higher incidence of atherosclerotic plaque (90.3% vs 64.5%; p < 0.001) and higher OPN levels (p < 0.001) at baseline. Patients with the heterozygous genotype of the rs1126616 polymorphism showed a higher hazard ratio of having a CVE, even after adjustment for multiple potential confounders. After adjustment, OPN levels were no longer associated with the incidence of CVE. We found that the rs1126616 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SPP1 gene is independently associated with a higher incidence of CVE in a cohort of CKD patients and that it could be used to predict CVE risk.
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Bjornstad P, Singh SK, Snell-Bergeon JK, Lovshin JA, Lytvyn Y, Lovblom LE, Rewers MJ, Boulet G, Lai V, Tse J, Cham L, Orszag A, Weisman A, Keenan HA, Brent MH, Paul N, Bril V, Perkins BA, Cherney DZ. The relationships between markers of tubular injury and intrarenal haemodynamic function in adults with and without type 1 diabetes: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:575-583. [PMID: 30311395 PMCID: PMC6368468 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to define the relationships between plasma biomarkers of kidney injury and intrarenal haemodynamic function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], effective renal plasma flow [ERPF], renal vascular resistance [RVR]) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS The study sample comprised patients with longstanding T1D (duration ≥50 years), among whom 44 were diabetic kidney disease (DKD) resistors (eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <30 mg/d urine albumin excretion) and 22 had DKD, in addition to 73 control participants. GFRINULIN and ERPFPAH were measured, RVR was calculated, and afferent (RA )/efferent (RE ) areteriolar resistances were derived from Gomez equations. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), β2 microglobulin (B2M), osteopontin (OPN) and uromodulin (UMOD) were measured using immunoassay kits from Meso Scale Discovery. RESULTS Plasma NGAL, B2M and OPN were higher and UMOD was lower in DKD patients vs DKD resistors and non-diabetic controls. In participants with T1D, plasma NGAL inversely correlated with GFR (r = -0.33; P = 0.006) and ERPF (r = -0.34; P = 0.006), and correlated positively with RA (r = 0.26; P = 0.03) and RVR (r = 0.31; P = 0.01). In participants without T1D, NGAL and B2M inversely correlated with GFR (NGAL r = -0.18; P = 0.13 and B2M r = -0.49; P < 0.0001) and with ERPF (NGAL r = -0.19; P = 0.1 and B2M r = -0.42; P = 0.0003), and correlated positively with RA (NGAL r = 0.19; P = 0.10 and B2M r = 0.3; P = 0.01) and with RVR (NGAL r = 0.20; P = 0.09 and B2M r = 0.34; P = 0.003). Differences were significant after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, SBP and LDL. There were statistical interactions between T1D status, B2M and intrarenal haemodynamic function (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated NGAL relates to intrarenal haemodynamic dysfunction in T1D, whereas elevated NGAL and B2M relate to intrarenal haemodynamic dysfunction in adults without T1D. These data may define a diabetes-specific interplay between tubular injury and intrarenal haemodynamic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Bjornstad
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Division, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes. Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunita K. Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Julie A. Lovshin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya Lytvyn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leif E. Lovblom
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marian J. Rewers
- Research Division, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes. Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve Boulet
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vesta Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josephine Tse
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Cham
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrej Orszag
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alanna Weisman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hillary A. Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center. Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H. Brent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narinder Paul
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University Health Network. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Bril
- The Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Perkins
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z.I. Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto
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Osteopontin isoforms differentially promote arteriogenesis in response to ischemia via macrophage accumulation and survival. J Transl Med 2019; 99:331-345. [PMID: 29959420 PMCID: PMC6311150 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is critical for ischemia-induced neovascularization. Unlike rodents, humans express three OPN isoforms (a, b, and c); however, the roles of these isoforms in post-ischemic neovascularization and cell migration remain undefined. Our objective was to determine if OPN isoforms differentially affect post-ischemic neovascularization and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these differences. To investigate if human OPN isoforms exert divergent effects on post-ischemic neovascularization, we utilized OPN-/- mice and a loss-of-function/gain-of-function approach in vivo and in vitro. In this study OPN-/- mice underwent hindlimb ischemia surgery and 1.5 × 106 lentivirus particles were administered intramuscularly to overexpress OPNa, OPNb, or OPNc. OPNa and OPNc significantly improved limb perfusion 30.4% ± 0.8 and 70.9% ± 6.3, respectively, and this translated to improved functional limb use, as measured by voluntary running wheel utilization. OPNa- and OPNc-treated animals exhibited significant increases in arteriogenesis, defined here as the remodeling of existing arterioles into larger conductance arteries. Macrophages play a prominent role in the arteriogenesis process and OPNa- and OPNc-treated animals showed significant increases in macrophage accumulation in vivo. In vitro, OPN isoforms did not affect macrophage polarization, whereas all three isoforms increased macrophage survival and decreased macrophage apoptosis. However, OPN isoforms exert differential effects on macrophage migration, where OPNa and OPNc significantly increased macrophage migration, with OPNc serving as the most potent isoform. In conclusion, human OPN isoforms exert divergent effects on neovascularization through differential effects on arteriogenesis and macrophage accumulation in vivo and on macrophage migration and survival, but not polarization, in vitro. Altogether, these data support that human OPN isoforms may represent novel therapeutic targets to improve neovascualrization and preserve tissue function in patients with obstructive artery diseases.
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Shirakawa K, Yano W, Inoue K, Katsumata Y, Endo J, Sano M. Influence of long term administration of tofogliflozin on chronic inflammation of visceral adipose tissue in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211387. [PMID: 30682139 PMCID: PMC6347171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that senescence of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells is accelerated in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) due to a high-fat diet (HFD), and that these senescent-associated T cells cause chronic inflammation of visceral adipose tissue through secretion of osteopontin, provoking systemic insulin resistance. In this study, we examined whether the development of chronic inflammation and senescence-associated T cells in VAT of DIO mice was improved by long-term weight loss after switching to normal chow (NC) or by administration of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (tofogliflozin). Wild-type mice were fed an HFD for 26 weeks from 4 weeks old. At 30 weeks of age, half of these DIO mice were switched to NC with or without 0.005% tofogliflozin for 38 weeks. The other mice remained on the HFD with or without 0.005% tofogliflozin for 38 weeks. When DIO mice were switched to NC, their weight decreased to that of mice kept on NC since weaning. After 38 weeks (68 weeks of age), chronic inflammation of the VAT subsided with disappearance of senescence-associated T cells. In the HFD groups, the carbohydrate intake per mouse was half or less of that in the NC group, and urinary glucose excretion by the effect of tofogliflozin was lower in the HFD mice than in the NC mice. Mice that remained on the HFD showed no improvement in chronic inflammation in VAT, possibly because urinary glucose excretion was not sufficiently promoted by tofogliflozin due to the low carbohydrate intake. Thus, no improvement in glucose metabolism or weight loss was observed in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yano
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yu D, Shang J, Cai Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Simmons D. Derivation and external validation of a risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of cardiovascular death among patients with type 2 diabetes and incident diabetic nephropathy: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000735. [PMID: 31798896 PMCID: PMC6861120 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive, and externally validate, a risk score for cardiovascular death among patients with type 2 diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetic nephropathy (DN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two independent prospective cohorts with type 2 diabetes were used to develop and externally validate the risk score. The derivation cohort comprised 2282 patients with an incident, clinical diagnosis of DN. The validation cohort includes 950 patients with incident, biopsy-proven diagnosis of DN. The outcome was cardiovascular death within 2 years of the diagnosis of DN. Logistic regression was applied to derive the risk score for cardiovascular death from the derivation cohort, which was externally validated in the validation cohort. The score was also estimated by applying the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk score in the external validation cohort. RESULTS The 2-year cardiovascular mortality was 12.05% and 11.79% in the derivation cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Traditional predictors including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressures, glucose, lipid profiles alongside novel laboratory test items covering five test panels (liver function, serum electrolytes, thyroid function, blood coagulation and blood count) were included in the final model.C-statistics was 0.736 (95% CI 0.731 to 0.740) and 0.747 (95% CI 0.737 to 0.756) in the derivation cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The calibration slope was 0.993 (95% CI 0.974 to 1.013) and 1.000 (95% CI 0.981 to 1.020) in the derivation cohort and validation cohort, respectively.The UKPDS risk score substantially underestimated cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS A new risk score based on routine clinical measurements that quantified individual risk of cardiovascular death was developed and externally validated. Compared with the UKPDS risk score, which underestimated the cardiovascular disease risk, the new score is a more specific tool for patients with type 2 diabetes and DN. The score could work as a tool to identify individuals at the highest risk of cardiovascular death among those with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamei Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The Second Division of Internal Medicine, Kejing Community Health Centre, Jiyuan, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kaleta B. The role of osteopontin in kidney diseases. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:93-102. [PMID: 30456594 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein expressed in various cell types in animals and in humans, including bone, immune, smooth muscle, epithelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, OPN is found in kidneys (in the thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and in distal nephrons) and urine. The protein plays an important role in mineralization and bone resorption. In addition, OPN is involved in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. It was demonstrated that OPN and some OPN gene polymorphic variants are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple disorders, such as cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, recent studies suggested that OPN is associated with the pathogenesis of renal failure. METHODS In this review, I briefly discussed the role of OPN and its gene polymorphisms in kidney physiology, as well as in various kidney diseases. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Most studies reported that OPN expression is elevated in urolithiasis, and also in acute and chronic kidney diseases, and in renal allograft dysfunction. Moreover, it was demonstrated that polymorphic variants of the OPN gene may be associated with renal failure. However, some reports suggested that OPN is essential for tubulogenesis, and that it inhibits calcium oxalate crystal formation and retention, nitric oxide synthesis, cell apoptosis and promotes cell regeneration. Thus, further studies are required to fully understand the role of OPN in kidney physiology and pathology. Eventually, these studies may result in the identification of OPN as a valuable marker for renal dysfunction prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka St., 02-006, Warsaw, Poland.
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Icer MA, Gezmen-Karadag M. The multiple functions and mechanisms of osteopontin. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:17-24. [PMID: 30003880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycophosphoprotein having acidic characteristics and rich in aspartic acid. OPN, a multifunctional protein, has important functions on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and kidney stone diseases and in the process of inflammation, biomineralization, cell viability and wound healing. Osteopontin acts on organisms by playing a key role in secretion levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), integrin αvB3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), macrophage and T cells, regulating the osteoclast function and affecting CD44 receptors. The aim of the present review is to address majority of different functions of OPN protein which are known, suspected or suggested through the data obtained about this protein yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abo El-Asrar M, Ismail EAR, Thabet RA, Kamel AS, NehmedAllah S. Osteopontin as a marker of vasculopathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to vascular structure. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1107-1115. [PMID: 29687557 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with serious micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications. Osteopontin (OPN) has emerged as a strong predictor of incipient diabetic nephropathy and a first-ever cardiovascular event in adults with T1DM. OPN is linked to coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that OPN could be a potential marker for micro-vascular complications in children and adolescents with T1DM and we assessed its relation to carotid and aortic intima media thickness (CIMT and AIMT) as non-invasive index for subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS Eighty patients with T1DM ≤18 years were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of micro-vascular complications and compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HbA1c, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), OPN, CIMT, and AIMT were assessed. RESULTS Both CIMT and AIMT were significantly higher in patients with and without micro-vascular complications compared with healthy controls (P < .001). OPN concentrations were significantly elevated in all diabetic patients compared with controls (P = .002). OPN was also significantly higher in patients with micro-vascular complications than patients without (P < .001) but levels were comparable among those without complications and controls (P = .322). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that OPN cut-off value 90 ng/mL could differentiate patients with and without micro-vascular complications with 81.7% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity. Significant positive correlations were found between OPN and HbA1c, UACR, CIMT, and AIMT. CONCLUSIONS OPN could be considered a marker of vasculopathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashraf Sayed Kamel
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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Memon AA, Sundquist K, PirouziFard M, Elf JL, Strandberg K, Svensson PJ, Sundquist J, Zöller B. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for deep venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol 2018; 181:378-385. [PMID: 29672822 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a negative D-dimer and a Wells score can rule out, but not confirm, a diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We aimed to identify new diagnostic biomarkers for DVT and to investigate their relationship with hypercoagulability markers [D-dimer and activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) complex]. We screened 92 cardiovascular-specific proteins in plasma samples from 45 confirmed DVT patients and 45 age- and sex-matched non-DVT patients selected from a prospective multicentre diagnostic management study (SCORE) by Proseek Multiplex CVDIII96×96 . Plasma levels of 30 proteins were significantly different between DVT and non-DVT patients. After Bonferroni correction, plasma levels of seven proteins: P-selectin, transferrin receptor protein 1, von Willebrand factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, osteopontin (OPN), bleomycin hydrolase and ST2 protein remained significantly different. The area under curve (AUC) for these proteins ranged from 0·70 to 0·84. Furthermore, all seven identified proteins were significantly associated with markers of hypercoagulability. A combination of OPN and APC-PCI had the best ability to discriminate DVT from non-DVT patients (AUC = 0·94; sensitivity = 89% and specificity = s84%). In conclusion, we identified multiple proteins associated with markers of hypercoagulability and with a potential to become novel diagnostic biomarkers for DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque A Memon
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mirnabi PirouziFard
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan L Elf
- Department of Coagulation Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Strandberg
- Department of Coagulation Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter J Svensson
- Department of Coagulation Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Zwakenberg SR, van der Schouw YT, Schalkwijk CG, Spijkerman AMW, Beulens JWJ. Bone markers and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:45. [PMID: 29571288 PMCID: PMC5866514 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcifications are associated with a three- to fourfold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients. Emerging evidence indicates that vascular calcification is a process of active bone formation regulated by stimulators and inhibitors of calcification. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether six bone markers are associated with CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We used data of a case-cohort study, nested in the EPIC-NL cohort, comprising 134 CVD cases and a random subcohort of 218 participants, all with type 2 diabetes at baseline. Six bone markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase and sclerostin) were measured in baseline plasma samples with multiplex assays and information on CVD events was obtained. The association of bone makers with CVD risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results Higher concentrations of plasma osteopontin were associated (ptrend < 0.01) with an increased CVD risk with a hazard ratio of 2.00 (95%-CI 1.20–3.35) for the highest versus the lowest quartile in a multivariable adjusted model. The other bone markers were not associated with CVD risk. Conclusions Higher osteopontin concentrations were associated with an increased CVD risk in type 2 diabetes patients. No consistent associations were found for the other five bone markers and risk of CVD in type 2 diabetes patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0691-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine R Zwakenberg
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M W Spijkerman
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carbone F, Rigamonti F, Burger F, Roth A, Bertolotto M, Spinella G, Pane B, Palombo D, Pende A, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Vecchié A, Dallegri F, Mach F, Montecucco F. Serum levels of osteopontin predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 255:195-199. [PMID: 29317141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Panduru NM, Forsblom C, Saraheimo M, Thorn LM, Gordin D, Elonen N, Harjusalo V, Bierhaus A, Humpert PM, Groop PH. Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1782-1790. [PMID: 28601908 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic nephropathy progress in parallel, thereby potentiating the risk of premature death during their development. Since urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) predicts the progression of diabetic nephropathy, the aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary L-FABP also predicts cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. METHODS We tested our hypothesis in a Finnish cohort of 2329 individuals with type 1 diabetes and a median follow-up of 14.1 years. The L-FABP to creatinine ratio was determined from baseline urine samples. The predictive value of urinary L-FABP was evaluated using Cox regression models, while its added predictive benefit for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality was evaluated using a panel of statistical indexes. RESULTS Urinary L-FABP predicted incident stroke independently of traditional risk factors (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.20, 1.49]) and after further adjustment for eGFR (HR 1.28 [95% CI 1.14, 1.44]) or AER (HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.06, 1.44]). In addition, it predicted mortality independently of traditional risk factors (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.24, 1.45]), and after adjustment for eGFR (HR 1.29 [95% CI 1.18, 1.39]) or AER (HR 1.22 [95% CI 1.09, 1.36]). Urinary L-FABP was as good a predictor as eGFR or AER, and improved the AUC for both outcomes on top of traditional risk factors, with no reclassification benefit (integrated discrimination improvement/net reclassification improvement) for stroke or mortality when AER or eGFR were added to traditional risk factors. However, urinary L-FABP was not a predictor of other cardiovascular endpoints (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and overall CVD events) when adjusted for the AER. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Urinary L-FABP is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae M Panduru
- Second Clinical Department - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Unit, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjusalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angelika Bierhaus
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per M Humpert
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Stoffwechselzentrum Rhein Pfalz, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Al-Rubeaan K, Siddiqui K, Al-Ghonaim MA, Youssef AM, Al-Sharqawi AH, AlNaqeb D. Assessment of the diagnostic value of different biomarkers in relation to various stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2684. [PMID: 28577020 PMCID: PMC5457399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria is widely used to indicate early phases of diabetic nephropathy although it is limited by the fact that structural damage might precede albumin excretion. This necessitates identifying better biomarkers that diagnose or predict diabetic nephropathy. This is a cross-sectional hospital based study recruiting type 2 diabetic patients cohort aged 35–75 years with diabetes duration of ≥10 years. Out of total eligible 467 patients, 200 patients were with normal albumin excretion, 184 patients with microalbuminuria and 83 patients with macroalbuminuria. All the patients were tested for the 22 selected biomarkers including serum, plasma and urinary markers. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated as measures of diagnostic accuracy. Out of the tested biomarkers, urinary transferrin, urinary Retinol binding protein (RBP) and serum osteopontin had the best diagnostic value for diabetic nephropathy presence based on the AUC value. The rest of the biomarkers had comparatively less or even no discriminative power. The urinary transferrin and RBP and serum osteopontin, had the best diagnostic value in type 2 diabetic patients at different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Further longitudinal prospective studies are needed to evaluate the predictive power of those markers for detecting diabetic nephropathy before any structural damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- University Diabetes Center, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, PO Box 18397, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, PO Box 245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Ghonaim
- College of medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, PO Box 45299, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Youssef
- Registry Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, PO Box 245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Al-Sharqawi
- University Diabetes Center, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, PO Box 18397, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhekra AlNaqeb
- Research Department, University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, PO Box 245, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Osteopontin Affects Insulin Vesicle Localization and Ca2+ Homeostasis in Pancreatic Beta Cells from Female Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170498. [PMID: 28107503 PMCID: PMC5249066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic patients suffer from insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion. Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein expressed in several tissues throughout the body including the islets of Langerhans, has previously been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Here we have investigated the role of OPN in insulin secretion using an OPN knock out mouse model (OPN-/-). Ultra-structural analyzes of islets from OPN-/- and WT mice indicated weaker cell-cell connections between the islet cells in the OPN-/- mouse compared to WT. Analysis of the insulin granule distribution in the beta cells showed that although OPN-/- and WT beta cells have the same number of insulin granules OPN-/- beta cells have significantly fewer docked granules. Both OPN-/- and WT islets displayed synchronized Ca2+ oscillations indicative of an intact beta cell communication. OPN-/- islets displayed higher intracellular Ca2+ concentrations when stimulated with 16.7 mM glucose than WT islets and the initial dip upon elevated glucose concentrations (which is associated with Ca2+ uptake into ER) was significantly lower in these islets. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was similar in OPN-/- and WT islets. Likewise, non-fasted blood glucose levels were the same in both groups. In summary, deletion of OPN results in several minor beta-cell defects that can be compensated for in a healthy system.
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Clemente N, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Boggio E, Favero F, Soluri MF, Dianzani C, Comi C, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7675437. [PMID: 28097158 PMCID: PMC5206443 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7675437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Biocenter, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, “A. Avogadro” UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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Talat MA, Sherief LM, El-Saadany HF, Rass AA, Saleh RM, Sakr MMH. The Role of Osteopontin in the Pathogenesis and Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016; 8:399-404. [PMID: 27353561 PMCID: PMC5197997 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. Osteopontin plays a significant role in the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases. Moreover, osteopontin promotes adipose tissue inflammation, dysfunction, and insulin resistance. To investigate the levels of serum osteopontin in pediatric patients with T1DM and to explore if these levels have a role in the prediction of diabetes complications. METHODS This was a case-control study conducted at the Endocrinology unit of the Children's Hospital of Zagazig University in Egypt, from October 2014 to December 2015. Sixty patients with T1DM and 60 healthy subjects were enrolled. A detailed medical history was taken from all patients/parents. A full clinical examination including ophthalmoscopy was performed on all patients. Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, and serum osteopontin levels were also determined in all subjects. RESULTS Patients with T1DM had significantly higher serum osteopontin levels compared with controls (mean ± standard deviation: 13.7±3.4 μg/L vs. 8.9±2.9 μg/L, p<0.001). Also, serum osteopontin concentrations were higher in patients with microalbuminuria than in patients with normal albumin excretion rate and in the control group. Similarly, those who had retinal disease had higher osteopontin concentrations than those without (16.8±2 vs. 12.4±3 mg/L; p=0.005). Serum osteopontin levels correlated with a diagnosis of T1DM, and in diabetic patients, correlated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index values and with lower high density lipoprotein values, diagnosis of retinopathy, and microalbuminuria. No correlation was found between osteopontin levels and HbA1c, insulin dose, co-medications, and diabetes duration in T1DM patients. The association between high osteopontin levels and T1DM was independent from all confounders. CONCLUSION This study shows that increased osteopontin levels are independently associated with T1DM in pediatric patients and supports the hypothesis that osteopontin may have a role in the prediction of microvascular diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Talat
- Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig, Egypt
,* Address for Correspondence: Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig, Egypt Phone: +20 122 994 27 69 E-mail:
| | | | | | - Anwar Ahmed Rass
- Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rabab M. Saleh
- Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig, Egypt
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Glazunova AM, Arutyunova MS, Tarasov EV, Nikankina LV, Ilyin AV, Shamkhalova MS, Shestakova MV, Moysyuk YG. [Evaluation of markers for renal graft dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:25-34. [PMID: 27801416 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016881025-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the markers of renal graft dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after kidney transplantation (KT) and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The investigation enrolled 20 patients after successful SPKT and 41 patients after KT (of them 21 received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with an insulin doser; 20 had multiple insulin injections). The periods after KT and SPKT at patient inclusion were 8 (7; 8) and 11 (8; 18) months, respectively. A control group comprised 15 patients with T1DM without diabetic nephropathy. The patients were matched for gender, age, and T1DM duration. At a 9-month follow-up, the main biomarkers of kidney graft dysfunction were identified using the standard kits: Cystatin C (Cys C; serum; urine), NGAL, KIM-1, Podocin, Nephrin, IL-18, MMP-9 (urine), TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and Osteopontin (OPN; serum). Fasting blood was taken; a morning urinary portion was examined. RESULTS The posttransplantation glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the patients corresponded to Stage C2; albuminuria did to Category A1 chronic kidney disease. Despite successful SPKT in the group of patients with T1DM, as in that of patients after isolated KT, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of kidney dysfunction markers (Cys C, NGAL, Podocin, and OPN) versus the control group regardless of the compensation for glucose metabolism. compensation. It was found that the level of Cys C was high and correlated negatively with GFR (r=-0.36; p<0.05) and positively with the level of albuminuria (r=0.40; p<0.05). There was also a direct correlation of urinary podocin concentrations with blood creatinine levels (r=0.35; p<0.05) and that of NGAL with albuminuria (r=0.35; p<0.05) in recipients after transplantation. CONCLUSION The high levels of biomarkers for kidney graft dysfunction in the examinees (including subjects after SPKT) reflect the persistence of graft microstructural injuries in clinically stable function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Glazunova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Arutyunova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Tarasov
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Nikankina
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Ilyin
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Sh Shamkhalova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ya G Moysyuk
- Acad. V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Yadranji Aghdam S, Mahmoudpour A. Proteasome Activators, PA28 α and PA28 β, Govern Development of Microvascular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Int J Nephrol 2016; 2016:3846573. [PMID: 27830089 PMCID: PMC5088333 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3846573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are major complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DN and DR are mainly caused by injury to the perivascular supporting cells, the mesangial cells within the glomerulus, and the pericytes in the retina. The genes and molecular mechanisms predisposing retinal and glomerular pericytes to diabetic injury are poorly characterized. In this study, the genetic deletion of proteasome activator genes, PA28α and PA28β genes, protected the diabetic mice in the experimental STZ-induced diabetes model against renal injury and retinal microvascular injury and prolonged their survival compared with wild type STZ diabetic mice. The improved wellbeing and reduced renal damage was associated with diminished expression of Osteopontin (OPN) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in the glomeruli of STZ-injected PA28α/PA28β double knockout (Pa28αβDKO) mice and also in cultured mesangial cells and retinal pericytes isolated from Pa28αβDKO mice that were grown in high glucose. The mesangial PA28-mediated expression of OPN under high glucose conditions was suppressed by peptides capable of inhibiting the binding of PA28 to the 20S proteasome. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that diabetic hyperglycemia promotes PA28-mediated alteration of proteasome activity in vulnerable perivascular cells resulting in microvascular injury and development of DN and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yadranji Aghdam
- Reynolds Institute on Aging, Room No. 4151, 629 Jack Stephens Drive, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoudpour
- Norgen Biotek Corp., 3430 Schmon Parkway, Thorold, ON, Canada L2V 4Y6
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