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Maia LB, Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology. Molecules 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 38202704 PMCID: PMC10779653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium's unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. In this review, selected selenocysteine-containing proteins will be discussed to showcase both situations: (i) selenium as an obligatory element for the protein's physiological function, and (ii) selenium presenting no clear advantage over sulfur (functional proteins with either selenium or sulfur). Selenium's physiological roles in antioxidant defence (to maintain cellular redox status/hinder oxidative stress), hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair (maintain genetic stability) will be also highlighted, as well as selenium's role in human health. Formate dehydrogenases, hydrogenases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases will be herein featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - Biplab K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - José J. G. Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
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2
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Slieker RC, Donnelly LA, Akalestou E, Lopez-Noriega L, Melhem R, Güneş A, Abou Azar F, Efanov A, Georgiadou E, Muniangi-Muhitu H, Sheikh M, Giordano GN, Åkerlund M, Ahlqvist E, Ali A, Banasik K, Brunak S, Barovic M, Bouland GA, Burdet F, Canouil M, Dragan I, Elders PJM, Fernandez C, Festa A, Fitipaldi H, Froguel P, Gudmundsdottir V, Gudnason V, Gerl MJ, van der Heijden AA, Jennings LL, Hansen MK, Kim M, Leclerc I, Klose C, Kuznetsov D, Mansour Aly D, Mehl F, Marek D, Melander O, Niknejad A, Ottosson F, Pavo I, Duffin K, Syed SK, Shaw JL, Cabrera O, Pullen TJ, Simons K, Solimena M, Suvitaival T, Wretlind A, Rossing P, Lyssenko V, Legido Quigley C, Groop L, Thorens B, Franks PW, Lim GE, Estall J, Ibberson M, Beulens JWJ, 't Hart LM, Pearson ER, Rutter GA. Identification of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2533. [PMID: 37137910 PMCID: PMC10156700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify biomarkers for disease progression in three type 2 diabetes cohorts encompassing 2,973 individuals across three molecular classes, metabolites, lipids and proteins. Homocitrulline, isoleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid, eight triacylglycerol species, and lowered sphingomyelin 42:2;2 levels are predictive of faster progression towards insulin requirement. Of ~1,300 proteins examined in two cohorts, levels of GDF15/MIC-1, IL-18Ra, CRELD1, NogoR, FAS, and ENPP7 are associated with faster progression, whilst SMAC/DIABLO, SPOCK1 and HEMK2 predict lower progression rates. In an external replication, proteins and lipids are associated with diabetes incidence and prevalence. NogoR/RTN4R injection improved glucose tolerance in high fat-fed male mice but impaired it in male db/db mice. High NogoR levels led to islet cell apoptosis, and IL-18R antagonised inflammatory IL-18 signalling towards nuclear factor kappa-B in vitro. This comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach thus identifies biomarkers with potential prognostic utility, provides evidence for possible disease mechanisms, and identifies potential therapeutic avenues to slow diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise A Donnelly
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Melhem
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- IRCM and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hermine Muniangi-Muhitu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Sheikh
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mikael Åkerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marko Barovic
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerard A Bouland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Burdet
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Iulian Dragan
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Festa
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- 1st Medical Department, LK Stockerau, Niederösterreich, Austria
| | - Hugo Fitipaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Phillippe Froguel
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Amber A van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dmitry Kuznetsov
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diana Marek
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anne Niknejad
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Samreen K Syed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Janice L Shaw
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Over Cabrera
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Guy's Campus King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cristina Legido Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gareth E Lim
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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4
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Novelli M, Masini M, Vecoli C, Moscato S, Funel N, Pippa A, Mattii L, Ippolito C, Campani D, Neglia D, Masiello P. Dysregulated insulin secretion is associated with pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia and direct acinar-β-cell trans-differentiation in partially eNOS-deficient mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15425. [PMID: 35986504 PMCID: PMC9391603 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
eNOS-deficient mice were previously shown to develop hypertension and metabolic alterations associated with insulin resistance either in standard dietary conditions (eNOS-/- homozygotes) or upon high-fat diet (HFD) (eNOS+/- heterozygotes). In the latter heterozygote model, the present study investigated the pancreatic morphological changes underlying the abnormal glycometabolic phenotype. C57BL6 wild type (WT) and eNOS+/- mice were fed with either chow or HFD for 16 weeks. After being longitudinally monitored for their metabolic state after 8 and 16 weeks of diet, mice were euthanized and fragments of pancreas were processed for histological, immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural analyses. HFD-fed WT and eNOS+/- mice developed progressive glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Differently from WT animals, eNOS+/- mice showed a blunted insulin response to a glucose load, regardless of the diet regimen. Such dysregulation of insulin secretion was associated with pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia, as shown by larger islet fractional area and β-cell mass, and higher number of extra-islet β-cell clusters than in chow-fed WT animals. In addition, only in the pancreas of HFD-fed eNOS+/- mice, there was ultrastructural evidence of a number of hybrid acinar-β-cells, simultaneously containing zymogen and insulin granules, suggesting the occurrence of a direct exocrine-endocrine transdifferentiation process, plausibly triggered by metabolic stress associated to deficient endothelial NO production. As suggested by confocal immunofluorescence analysis of pancreatic histological sections, inhibition of Notch-1 signaling, likely due to a reduced NO availability, is proposed as a novel mechanism that could favor both β-cell hyperplasia and acinar-β-cell transdifferentiation in eNOS-deficient mice with impaired insulin response to a glucose load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Matilde Masini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Anna Pippa
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular DepartmentFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio per la Ricerca Medica e di Sanità PubblicaPisaItaly
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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Blandino-Rosano M, Scheys JO, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Louzada RA, Almaça J, Leibowitz G, Rüegg MA, Hall MN, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Novel roles of mTORC2 in regulation of insulin secretion by actin filament remodeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E133-E144. [PMID: 35723227 PMCID: PMC9291412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is an essential hub where nutrients and growth factors converge to control cellular metabolism. mTOR interacts with different accessory proteins to form complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC), and each complex has different intracellular targets. Although mTORC1's role in β-cells has been extensively studied, less is known about mTORC2's function in β-cells. Here, we show that mice with constitutive and inducible β-cell-specific deletion of RICTOR (βRicKO and iβRicKO mice, respectively) are glucose intolerant due to impaired insulin secretion when glucose is injected intraperitoneally. Decreased insulin secretion in βRicKO islets was caused by abnormal actin polymerization. Interestingly, when glucose was administered orally, no difference in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion were observed, suggesting that incretins are counteracting the mTORC2 deficiency. Mechanistically, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), but not gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), rescued insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro by improving actin polymerization in βRicKO islets. In conclusion, mTORC2 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by promoting actin filament remodeling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current studies uncover a novel mechanism linking mTORC2 signaling to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulation of the actin filaments. This work also underscores the important role of GLP-1 in rescuing defects in insulin secretion by modulating actin polymerization and suggests that this effect is independent of mTORC2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua O Scheys
- Medical School, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes and Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
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Laget J, Vigor C, Nouvel A, Rocher A, Leroy J, Jeanson L, Reversat G, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Péraldi-Roux S, Azay-Milhau J, Lajoix AD. Reduced production of isoprostanes by peri-pancreatic adipose tissue from Zucker fa/fa rats as a new mechanism for β-cell compensation in insulin resistance and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:160-170. [PMID: 35227851 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During early stages of type 2 diabetes, named prediabetes, pancreatic β-cells compensate for insulin resistance through increased insulin secretion in order to maintain normoglycemia. Obesity leads to the development of ectopic fat deposits, among which peri-pancreatic white adipose tissue (pWAT) can communicate with β-cells through soluble mediators. Thus we investigated whether pWAT produced oxygenated lipids, namely isoprostanes and neuroprostanes and whether they can influence β-cell function in obesity. In the Zucker fa/fa rat model, pWAT and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) displayed different inflammatory profiles. In obese rats, pWAT, but not eWAT, released less amounts of 5-F2t-isoprostanes, 15-F2t-isoprostanes, 4-F4t-neuroprostanes and 10-F4t-neuroprostane compared to lean animals. These differences could be explained by a greater induction of antioxidant defenses enzymes such as SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase in pWAT of obese animals compared to eWAT. In addition, sPLA2 IIA, involved in the release of isoprostanoids from cellular membranes, was decreased in pWAT of obese animals, but not in eWAT, and may also account for the reduced release of oxidized lipids by this tissue. At a functional level, 15-F2t-isoprostane epimers, but not 5-F2t-isoprostanes, were able to decrease glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic islets from Wistar rats. This effect appeared to be mediated through activation of the thromboxane A2 receptor and reduction of cAMP signaling in pancreatic islets. In conclusion, through the removal of an inhibitory tone exerted by isoprostanes, we have shown, for the first time, a new mechanism allowing β-cells to compensate for insulin resistance in obesity that is linked to a biocommunication between adipose tissue and β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Laget
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France; RD-Néphrologie, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Agathe Nouvel
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Rocher
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Jérémy Leroy
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Jeanson
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Sylvie Péraldi-Roux
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France; Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
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7
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Inhibition of Notch activity promotes pancreatic cytokeratin 5-positive cell differentiation to beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis following acute pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:867. [PMID: 34556631 PMCID: PMC8460737 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some individuals develop prediabetes and/or diabetes following acute pancreatitis (AP). AP-induced beta-cell injury and the limited regenerative capacity of beta cells might account for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency. Previously, we found that only a few pancreatic cytokeratin 5 positive (Krt5+) cells differentiated into beta cells in the murine AP model, which was insufficient to maintain glucose homeostasis. Notch signaling determines pancreatic progenitor differentiation in pancreas development. This study aimed to examine whether Notch signaling inhibition could promote pancreatic Krt5+ cell differentiation into beta cells and improve glucose homeostasis following AP. Pancreatic tissues from patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) were used to evaluate beta-cell injury, Krt5+ cell activation and differentiation, and Notch activity. The murine AP model was induced by cerulein, and the effect of Notch inhibition on Krt5+ cell differentiation was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated beta-cell loss in ANP patients and AP mice. Krt5+ cells were activated in ANP pancreases along with persistently elevated Notch activity, which resulted in the formation of massive duct-like structures. AP mice that received Notch inhibitor showed that impaired glucose tolerance was reversed 7 and 15 days following AP, and increased numbers of newborn small islets due to increased differentiation of Krt5+ cells to beta cells to some extent. In addition, Krt5+ cells isolated from AP mice showed increased differentiation to beta cells by Notch inhibition. Collectively, these findings suggest that beta-cell loss contributes to pancreatic endocrine insufficiency following AP, and inhibition of Notch activity promotes pancreatic Krt5+ cell differentiation to beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis. The findings from this study may shed light on the potential treatment of prediabetes/diabetes following AP.
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Han Y, Liu W, Chen L, Xin X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Jin M, Gao Z, Huang W. Effective oral delivery of Exenatide-Zn 2+ complex through distal ileum-targeted double layers nanocarriers modified with deoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid in diabetes therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120944. [PMID: 34153783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration route is popular with T2DM patients because they need convenience in lifelong medication. At present, oral Exenatide is not available on the market and therefore the relevant studies are valuable. Herein, we constructed a novel dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle for oral delivery of Exenatide, which was based on the functionalized materials of deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine and glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid. The hydrophobic deoxycholic acid strengthened the nanoparticles and the hydrophilic glycolic acid targeted to specific transporter. We first condensed Exenatide-Zn2+ complex with deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine to prepare nanocomplexes with ζ-potentials of +8 mV and sizes of 95 nm. Then, we used glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid copolymers masking the positive charge of nanocomplexes to prepare nanoparticles with negative charges of -22 mV and homogeneous sizes of 140 nm. As a result, this dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle demonstrated enhanced uptake and transport of Exenatide, and a special targeting to apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter in vitro. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Gässler A, Quiclet C, Kluth O, Gottmann P, Schwerbel K, Helms A, Stadion M, Wilhelmi I, Jonas W, Ouni M, Mayer F, Spranger J, Schürmann A, Vogel H. Overexpression of Gjb4 impairs cell proliferation and insulin secretion in primary islet cells. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101042. [PMID: 32565358 PMCID: PMC7365933 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered gene expression contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D); thus, the analysis of differentially expressed genes between diabetes-susceptible and diabetes-resistant mouse models is an important tool for the determination of candidate genes that participate in the pathology. Based on RNA-seq and array data comparing pancreatic gene expression of diabetes-prone New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice and diabetes-resistant B6.V-ob/ob (B6-ob/ob) mice, the gap junction protein beta 4 (Gjb4) was identified as a putative novel T2D candidate gene. METHODS Gjb4 was overexpressed in primary islet cells derived from C57BL/6 (B6) mice and INS-1 cells via adenoviral-mediated infection. The proliferation rate of cells was assessed by BrdU incorporation, and insulin secretion was measured under low (2.8 mM) and high (20 mM) glucose concentration. INS-1 cell apoptosis rate was determined by Western blotting assessing cleaved caspase 3 levels. RESULTS Overexpression of Gjb4 in primary islet cells significantly inhibited the proliferation by 47%, reduced insulin secretion of primary islets (46%) and INS-1 cells (51%), and enhanced the rate of apoptosis by 63% in INS-1 cells. Moreover, an altered expression of the miR-341-3p contributes to the Gjb4 expression difference between diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant mice. CONCLUSIONS The gap junction protein Gjb4 is highly expressed in islets of diabetes-prone NZO mice and may play a role in the development of T2D by altering islet cell function, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Gässler
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charline Quiclet
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kluth
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwerbel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anett Helms
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meriem Ouni
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Loss of Caveolin-1 Is Associated with a Decrease in Beta Cell Death in Mice on a High Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155225. [PMID: 32718046 PMCID: PMC7432291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) impair beta cell function and reduce beta cell mass as a consequence of the lipotoxicity that occurs in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously reported that the membrane protein caveolin-1 (CAV1) sensitizes to palmitate-induced apoptosis in the beta pancreatic cell line MIN6. Thus, our hypothesis was that CAV1 knock-out (CAV1 KO) mice subjected to a high fat diet (HFD) should suffer less damage to beta cells than wild type (WT) mice. Here, we evaluated the in vivo response of beta cells in the pancreatic islets of 8-week-old C57Bl/6J CAV1 KO mice subjected to a control diet (CD, 14% kcal fat) or a HFD (60% kcal fat) for 12 weeks. We observed that CAV1 KO mice were resistant to weight gain when on HFD, although they had high serum cholesterol and FFA levels, impaired glucose tolerance and were insulin resistant. Some of these alterations were also observed in mice on CD. Interestingly, KO mice fed with HFD showed an adaptive response of the pancreatic beta cells and exhibited a significant decrease in beta cell apoptosis in their islets compared to WT mice. These in vivo results suggest that although the CAV1 KO mice are metabolically unhealthy, they adapt better to a HFD than WT mice. To shed light on the possible signaling pathway(s) involved, MIN6 murine beta cells expressing (MIN6 CAV) or not expressing (MIN6 Mock) CAV1 were incubated with the saturated fatty acid palmitate in the presence of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Western blot analysis revealed that CAV1 enhanced palmitate-induced JNK, p38 and ERK phosphorylation in MIN6 CAV1 cells. Moreover, all the MAPK inhibitors partially restored MIN6 viability, but the effect was most notable with the ERK inhibitor. In conclusion, our results suggest that CAV1 KO mice adapted better to a HFD despite their altered metabolic state and that this may at least in part be due to reduced beta cell damage. Moreover, they indicate that the ability of CAV1 to increase sensitivity to FFAs may be mediated by MAPK and particularly ERK activation.
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High-fat diet-induced adipose tissue expansion occurs prior to insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 6:198-207. [PMID: 32885155 PMCID: PMC7451745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, there is only scare evidence characterizing the temporal features and progression of metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Hence, its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods Sixty 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into HFD and control diet (CD) groups and sacrificed at 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 weeks, respectively. At weekly intervals, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing (IPITT) were performed in both groups. A detailed time course in HFD-fed mice was investigated by evaluating the initiation of glucose homeostasis impairment, dyslipidemia, systemic insulin sensitivity, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) expansion, macrophage content changes, pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage imbalance, lipid accumulation in the liver, and β-cell morphometry in the pancreas. Results In the HFD group, progressive weight gain and impairments in glucose metabolism (elevated fasting blood glucose and area under the curve (AUC) of IPGTT) were observed from the 3rd week, and a significantly elevated AUC of IPITT was first detected after week 7 of HFD feeding. As for dyslipidemia, after 9 weeks of feeding, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and total cholesterol level in HFD group were significantly higher than those in the CD group (all P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were shown in triglyceride level. Adipocyte size increased significantly in the HFD group in the 1st week, a phenotypic switch in eWAT from anti-inflammatory (M2) to pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages was observed in the 5th week, and the metabolic inflammation was distinct in eWAT in the 9th week. Additionally, liver steatosis was considerably obvious at the 17th week and pancreatic β-cell morphometry did not change during 21 weeks of HFD feeding. Conclusion The eWAT expansion was detected early in HFD-induced obese mice, which occurred prior to obvious insulin resistance.
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Tong X, Chaudhry Z, Lee CC, Bone RN, Kanojia S, Maddatu J, Sohn P, Weaver SA, Robertson MA, Petrache I, Evans-Molina C, Kono T. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs β-cell function through activation of oxidative stress and ceramide accumulation. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100975. [PMID: 32283079 PMCID: PMC7170997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies indicate that first- and second-hand cigarette smoke (CS) exposure are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, elevated diabetes risk has been reported to occur within a short period of time after smoking cessation, and health risks associated with smoking are increased when combined with obesity. At present, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to test the impact of CS exposure on pancreatic β-cell function using rodent and in vitro models. METHODS Beginning at 8 weeks of age, C57BL/6 J mice were concurrently fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposed to CS for 11 weeks, followed by an additional 11 weeks of smoking cessation with continued HFD. Glucose tolerance testing was performed during CS exposure and during the cessation period. Cultured INS-1 β-cells and primary islets were exposed ex vivo to CS extract (CSE), and β-cell function and viability were tested. Since CS increases ceramide accumulation in the lung and these bioactive sphingolipids have been implicated in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in diabetes, islet and β-cell sphingolipid levels were measured in islets from CS-exposed mice and in CSE-treated islets and INS-1 cells using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared to HFD-fed, ambient air-exposed mice, HFD-fed and CS-exposed mice had reduced weight gain and better glucose tolerance during the active smoking period. Following smoking cessation, CS-mice exhibited rapid weight gain and had accelerated worsening of their glucose tolerance. CS-exposed mice had higher serum proinsulin/insulin ratios, indicative of β-cell dysfunction, significantly lower β-cell mass (p = 0.017), reduced β-cell proliferation (p = 0.006), and increased islet ceramide content compared to non-smoking control mice. Ex vivo exposure of isolated islets to CSE was sufficient to increase islet ceramide levels, which was correlated with reduced insulin gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased β-cell oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine markedly attenuated the effects of CSE on ceramide levels, restored β-cell function and survival, and increased cyclin D2 expression, while also reducing activation of β-cell ER and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CS exposure leads to impaired insulin production, processing, secretion and reduced β-cell viability and proliferation. These effects were linked to increased β-cell oxidative and ER stress and ceramide accumulation. Mice fed HFD continued to experience detrimental effects of CS exposure even during smoking cessation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which CS exposure impairs β-cell function in synergy with obesity will help design therapeutic and preventive interventions for both active and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zunaira Chaudhry
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert N. Bone
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sukrati Kanojia
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Judith Maddatu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul Sohn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA,Corresponding author. 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO, 80806, USA. Tel.: +303 270 2080.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Tel.: +317 274 4145; fax 317 274 4107.
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Composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes by regulating intestinal microbiota and inducing GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109914. [PMID: 32035395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/AIM Previous studies have found that probiotic fermented camel milk has anti-diabetic effect by inducing (glucagon-like peptide-1) GLP-1 secretion. Probiotics are valuable in prevention and treatment of diabetes. As a result, our team islolated 14 probiotics from fermented camel milk. These probiotics have beneficial characteristics, but the possible anti-diabetic mechanisms remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the possoble anti-diabetic mechanisms of 14 probiotics. METHODS C57BL/Ks mice were normal group. The db/db mice were randomized into five groups: model group, metformin group, liraglutide group, low-dose and high-dose probiotic group. Biochemical parameters were determined by the respective assay kits. The levels of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota were respectively determined by gas chromatography and qRT-PCR. HE staining and immunofluorescence were used for histomorphological observation. Quantitative PCR and western-blot were determined the gene and protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT. RESULTS Probiotics significantly improved blood glucose and blood lipid parameters, as well as the morphological changes of pancreas, liver and kidney. Probiotics improved the gut barrier function through increasing the levels of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs as well as the expression of claudin-1 and mucin-2, and decreasing Escherichia coli and LPS level. In additon, probiotics enhanced insulin secretion through glucose-triggered GLP-1 secretion by upregulating G protein-coupled receptor 43/41 (GPR43/41), proglucagon and proconvertase 1/3 activity. Forthermore, probiotics protected pancreas against apoptosis, which may be dependent on the upregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS The anti-diabetic effect of 14 probiotics in db/db mice seem to be related to an increase of SCFA-producing bacteria, the improvement of intestinal barrier function and the upregulation of GLP-1 production, and indicate these probiotics might be a good candidate to prevent and treat diabetes.
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14
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Esmaeili Mohsen Abadi S, Balouchzadeh R, Uzun G, Ko HS, Lee HF, Park S, Kwon G. Tracking changes of the parameters of glucose-insulin homeostasis during the course of obesity in B6D2F1 mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03251. [PMID: 32042976 PMCID: PMC7002827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the primary causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To better understand how obesity impairs glucose-insulin homeostasis, we tracked fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and the key components of glucose-insulin homeostasis for 7 months in high fat diet (HFD; 45% fat) fed mice (n = 8). Every 2 weeks we measured body weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and estimated 5 key rate constants of glucose-insulin homeostasis using the methods established previously (Heliyon 3: e00310, 2017). Mice gained weight steadily, more than doubling their weights after 7 months (23.6 ± 0.5 to 52.3 ± 1.4 g). Fasting (basal) insulin levels were elevated (221.3 ± 16.7 to 1043.1 ± 90.5 pmol l-1) but fasting blood glucose levels unexpectedly returned to the baseline levels (152.8 ± 7.0 to 152.0 ± 7.2 mg/dl) despite significantly elevated levels (216.8 ± 44.9 mg/dl, average of 3 highest values for 8 mice) during the experimental period. After 7 months of HFD feeding, the rate constants for insulin secretion (k1), insulin-independent glucose uptake (k3), and insulin concentration where liver switches from glucose uptake to release (Ipi) were significantly elevated. Insulin-dependent glucose uptake (k2) and rate constant of liver glucose transfer (k4) were lowered but no statistical significance was reached. The novel and key finding of this study is the wide range of fluctuations of the rate constants during the course of obesity, reflecting the body's compensatory responses against metabolic alterations caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Balouchzadeh
- School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - Guney Uzun
- School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - Hoo Sang Ko
- School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - H Felix Lee
- School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - Sarah Park
- Library and Information Services, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - Guim Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
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Hedgehog Interacting Protein (Hhip) Regulates Insulin Secretion in Mice Fed High Fat Diets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11183. [PMID: 31371780 PMCID: PMC6673691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) is essential for islet formation and beta-cell proliferation during pancreatic development; abnormally elevated Hhip expression has been linked to human pancreatitis. Here, we investigate the role of Hhip in modulating insulin secretion in adult Hhip mice (Hhip +/− vs. Hhip+/+) fed high fat diets (HFD). Both sexes of HFD-Hhip +/+ mice developed impaired glucose intolerance, that was only ameliorated in male HFD-Hhip +/− mice that had high levels of circulating plasma insulin, but not in female HFD-Hhip +/− mice. HFD stimulated Hhip gene expression, mainly in beta cells. Male HFD-Hhip +/+ mice had more large islets in which insulin content was reduced; islet architecture was disordered; and markers of oxidative stress (8-OHdG and Nox 2) were increased. In contrast, male HFD-Hhip +/− mice had more small islets with increased beta cell proliferation, enhanced GSIS, less oxidative stress and preserved islet integrity. In vitro, recombinant Hhip increased Nox2 and NADPH activity and decreased insulin-positive beta cells. siRNA-Hhip increased GSIS and abolished the stimulation of sodium palmitate (PA)-BSA on Nox2 gene expression. We conclude that pancreatic Hhip gene inhibits insulin secretion by altering islet integrity and promoting Nox2 gene expression in beta cells in response to HDF-mediated beta cell dysfunction, a novel finding.
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Lee G, Jang H, Kim YY, Choe SS, Kong J, Hwang I, Park J, Im SS, Kim JB. SREBP1c-PAX4 Axis Mediates Pancreatic β-Cell Compensatory Responses Upon Metabolic Stress. Diabetes 2019; 68:81-94. [PMID: 30352876 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SREBP1c is a key transcription factor for de novo lipogenesis. Although SREBP1c is expressed in pancreatic islets, its physiological roles in pancreatic β-cells are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that SREBP1c regulates β-cell compensation under metabolic stress. SREBP1c expression level was augmented in pancreatic islets from obese and diabetic animals. In pancreatic β-cells, SREBP1c activation promoted the expression of cell cycle genes and stimulated β-cell proliferation through its novel target gene, PAX4 Compared with SREBP1c+/+ mice, SREBP1c-/- mice showed glucose intolerance with low insulin levels. Moreover, β-cells from SREBP1c-/- mice exhibited reduced capacity to proliferate and secrete insulin. Conversely, transplantation of SREBP1c-overexpressing islets restored insulin levels and relieved hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals. Collectively, these data suggest that pancreatic SREBP1c is a key player in mediating β-cell compensatory responses in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gung Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinuk Kong
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injae Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Li J, Wang Z, Ren L, Fan L, Liu W, Jiang Y, Lau HK, Liu R, Wang Q. Antagonistic interaction between Nodal and insulin modulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation and survival. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:79. [PMID: 30409165 PMCID: PMC6225724 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin signaling pathway in β-cell is essential to promote β-cells proliferation and survival, while Nodal–ALK7–Smad3 signaling involves β-cells apoptosis. We attempted to address inter-relationship between Nodal and insulin in modulating β-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods Using INS-1 β-cells and isolated rat islets, we examined the effects of Nodal, insulin, or the two combined on β-cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. Results The β-cells under high-glucose or palmitate conditions showed significant up-regulation of Nodal expression and activation of its downstream signaling pathway resulted in increased cleaved caspase-3. Insulin treatment led to significantly attenuated Nodal-induced cell apoptotic pathway. Similar results were found in directly Nodal-treated β-cell that insulin could partially block Nodal-induced up-regulation of ALK7–Smad3–caspase-3 signaling pathways with significantly attenuated β-cell apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that insulin-induced Akt activation and downstream molecules including GSK-3β, β-catenin and ERK1/2 was significantly attenuated by the co-treatment with Nodal, resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Furthermore, Nodal decreased glucose-evoked calcium influx and played a negative role during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the β-cells. Immunocytochemistry studies showed that Nodal treatment translocated Smad3 from cytosol mostly to the nucleus; however, co-treatment with insulin significantly decreased Smad3 nuclear localization. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed a directly interaction between Smad3 and Akt, and this interaction was enhanced by co-treatment with insulin. Conclusions Our data suggest that the antagonistic interaction between Nodal and insulin has a role in the regulation of β-cell mass and secretion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0288-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaojing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harry K Lau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Gupta D, Lacayo AA, Greene SM, Leahy JL, Jetton TL. β-Cell mass restoration by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20295-20306. [PMID: 30397183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well-established how nutrients, growth factors, and hormones impact functional β-cell mass (BCM), the influence of the central nervous system in this regard, and especially in the context of islet immune modulation, has been understudied. Here we investigated the expression and activity of pancreatic islet α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in islet anti-inflammatory and prosurvival signaling. Systemic administration of α7nAChR agonists in mice improved glucose tolerance and curtailed streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia by retaining BCM, in part through maintaining Pdx1 and MafA expression and reducing apoptosis. α7nAChR activation of mouse islets ex vivo led to reduced inflammatory drive through a JAK2-STAT3 pathway that couples with CREB/Irs2/Akt survival signaling. Because the vagus nerve conveys anti-inflammatory signals to immune cells of the spleen and other nonneural tissues in the viscera by activating α7nAChR agonists, our study suggests a novel role for β-cell α7nAChR that functions to maintain β-cell survival and mass homeostasis through modulating islet cytokine and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathways. Exploiting these pathways may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Gupta
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Adam A Lacayo
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Shane M Greene
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - John L Leahy
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Thomas L Jetton
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446.
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19
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Rachdaoui N, Polo-Parada L, Ismail-Beigi F. Prolonged Exposure to Insulin Inactivates Akt and Erk 1/2 and Increases Pancreatic Islet and INS1E β-Cell Apoptosis. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:69-90. [PMID: 30697602 PMCID: PMC6344346 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperinsulinemia, in vivo, increases the resistance of peripheral tissues to insulin by desensitizing insulin signaling. Insulin, in a heterologous manner, can also cause IGF-1 resistance. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether insulin-mediated insulin and IGF-1 resistance develops in pancreatic β-cells and whether this resistance results in β-cell decompensation. Chronic exposure of rat islets or INS1E β-cells to increasing concentrations of insulin decreased AktS473 phosphorylation in response to subsequent acute stimulation with 10 nM insulin or IGF-1. Prolonged exposure to high insulin levels not only inhibited AktS473 phosphorylation, but it also resulted in a significant inhibition of the phosphorylation of P70S6 kinase and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in response to the acute stimulation by glucose, insulin, or IGF-1. Decreased activation of Akt, P70S6K, and Erk1/2 was associated with decreased insulin receptor substrate 2 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin receptor β-subunit abundance; neither IGF receptor β-subunit content nor its phosphorylation were affected. These signaling impairments were associated with decreased SERCA2 expression, perturbed plasma membrane calcium current and intracellular calcium handling, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress markers such as eIF2αS51 phosphorylation and Bip (GRP78) expression, and increased islet and β-cell apoptosis. We demonstrate that prolonged exposure to high insulin levels induces not only insulin resistance, but in a heterologous manner causes resistance to IGF-1 in rat islets and insulinoma cells resulting in decreased cell survival. These findings suggest the possibility that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia may negatively affect β-cell mass by increasing β-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rachdaoui
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luis Polo-Parada
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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20
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Gallego FQ, Sinzato YK, Miranda CA, Iessi IL, Dallaqua B, Volpato GT, Scarano WR, SanMartín S, Damasceno DC. Pancreatic islet response to diabetes during pregnancy in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:1-10. [PMID: 30366036 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms underlying pancreatic islet adaptation in diabetic mothers and their pups. Additionally, the influence of pancreatic adaptations on maternal reproductive performance was also investigated. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin for diabetes induction. At adulthood (3 months), all animals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for glucose assessment as an inclusion criterion. Following, the animals were mated. At day 18 of pregnancy, the mothers were killed for blood collect ion to determine fasting insulin and glucagon concentrations. The pancreas was removed and processed for the immunohistochemical analysis of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, Ki-67 and PDX-1, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The pregnant uterus was also collected for the evaluation of embryofetal loss. KEY FINDINGS The diabetic rats showed increased glucose, serum glucagon and insulin concentrations, and embryofetal loss rates. They also showed a reduction in pancreatic islets area and percentage of cells stained for insulin, increased the percentage of non-β cells (alpha e delta cells) stained for Ki-67, glucagon, and somatostatin. Moreover, the cells stained for somatostatin were spread across the islets and showed stronger staining for MDA and weaker staining for GSH-Px. SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes leads to adaptive responses from the endocrine pancreas in pregnancy that especially involves non-β cells, modifying the mantle-core structure. Nonetheless, these adaptations are not enough for glucose homeostasis and affect the maternal environment, which in turn impairs fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carolina Abreu Miranda
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lovizutto Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dallaqua
- DeVry Ruy Barbosa School (DeVry Brazil Group), Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Botucatu Bioscience Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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21
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Rebuffat SA, Sidot E, Guzman C, Azay-Milhau J, Jover B, Lajoix AD, Peraldi-Roux S. Adipose tissue derived-factors impaired pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3378-3387. [PMID: 30048752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory factors produced and secreted by adipose tissue, in particular peri-pancreatic adipose tissue (P-WAT), may influence pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Using the ZDF Rat model of diabetes, we show the presence of infiltrating macrophage (ED1 staining) on pancreatic tissue and P-WAT in the pre-diabetes stage of the disease. Then, when the T2D is installed, infiltrating cells decreased. Meanwhile, the P-WAT conditioned-medium composition, in terms of inflammatory factors, varies during the onset of the T2D. Using chemiarray technology, we observed an over expression of CXCL-1, -2, -3, CCL-3/MIP-1α and CXCL-5/LIX and TIMP-1 in the 9 weeks old obese ZDF pre-diabetic rat model. Surprisingly, the expression profile of these factors decreased when animals become diabetic (12 weeks obese ZDF rats). The expression of these inflammatory proteins is highly associated with inflammatory infiltrate. P-WAT conditioned-medium from pre-diabetes rats stimulates insulin secretion, cellular proliferation and apoptosis of INS-1 cells. However, inhibition of conditioned-medium chemokines acting via CXCR2 receptor do not change cellular proliferation apoptosis and insulin secretion of INS-1 cells induced by P-WAT conditioned-medium. Taken together, these results show that among the secreted chemokines, increased expression of CXCL-1, -2, -3 and CXCL-5/LIX in P-WAT conditioned-medium is concomitant with the onset of the T2D but do not exerted a direct effect on pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Rebuffat
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Sidot
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Caroline Guzman
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jacqueline Azay-Milhau
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bernard Jover
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Lajoix
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvie Peraldi-Roux
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardio-metabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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22
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Zeng W, Tang J, Li H, Xu H, Lu H, Peng H, Lin C, Gao R, Lin S, Lin K, Liu K, Jiang Y, Weng J, Zeng L. Caveolin-1 deficiency protects pancreatic β cells against palmitate-induced dysfunction and apoptosis. Cell Signal 2018; 47:65-78. [PMID: 29596872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity leads to insulin secretion deficiency, which is among the important causes for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the restoration of β-cell mass and preservation of its endocrine function are long-sought goals in diabetes research. Previous studies have suggested that the membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is implicated in β-cell apoptosis and insulin secretion, however, the underlying mechanisms still remains unclear. Our objective is to explore whether Cav-1 depletion protects pancreatic β cells from lipotoxicity and what are the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we found that Cav-1 silencing significantly promoted β-cell proliferation, inhibited palmitate (PA)-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and enhanced insulin production and secretion. These effects were associated with enhanced activities of Akt and ERK1/2, which in turn downregulated the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (FOXO1, GSK3β, P21, P27 and P53) and upregulated the expression of Cyclin D2 and Cyclin D3. Subsequent inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK pathways abolished Cav-1 depletion induced β-cell mass protection. Furthermore, under PA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Cav-1 silencing significantly reduced eIF2α phosphorylation and the expression of ER stress-responsive markers BiP and CHOP, which are among the known sensitizers of lipotoxicity. Our findings suggest Cav-1 as potential target molecule in T2DM treatment via the preservation of lipotoxicity-induced β-cell mass reduction and the attenuation of insulin secretion dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiansong Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hangya Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chuwen Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rili Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Keyi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kunying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Longyi Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucosamine (GlcN), which has been reported to induce insulin resistance (IR), is a popular nutritional supplement used to treat osteoarthritis in menopausal women. We previously demonstrated that GlcN treatment caused IR in ovariectomized rats by reducing the expression of glucose transport protein subtype 4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training can reverse GlcN-induced IR. METHODS Fifty female rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group: (1) sham-operated group; (2) sham-operated group with GlcN treatment for 14 days; (3) ovariectomy (OVX) group; (4) OVX with GlcN treatment; and (5) OVX with GlcN treatment followed by exercise training (running program) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose increased in the OVX + GlcN group, and fasting plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher only in this group. After the rats received exercise training for 8 weeks, no increase in the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR was observed. In an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, the plasma glucose, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, and glucose-insulin index were significantly elevated only in the OVX with GlcN treatment group. However, the plasma glucose, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, and glucose-insulin index decreased after exercise training for 8 weeks, implying that GlcN-induced IR in OVX rats could be reversed through exercise. A histological analysis revealed that exercise training can reduce islet hypertrophy and maintain GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training can alleviate IR in OVX rats treated with GlcN. Islet hyperplasia was subsequently prevented. Preserving GLUT-4 expression may be one of the mechanisms by which exercise prevents IR.
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24
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Burchfield JG, Kebede MA, Meoli CC, Stöckli J, Whitworth PT, Wright AL, Hoffman NJ, Minard AY, Ma X, Krycer JR, Nelson ME, Tan SX, Yau B, Thomas KC, Wee NKY, Khor EC, Enriquez RF, Vissel B, Biden TJ, Baldock PA, Hoehn KL, Cantley J, Cooney GJ, James DE, Fazakerley DJ. High dietary fat and sucrose results in an extensive and time-dependent deterioration in health of multiple physiological systems in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5731-5745. [PMID: 29440390 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and with disorders such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and neurodegeneration. Typically, these pathologies are examined in discrete model systems and with limited temporal resolution, and whether these disorders co-occur is therefore unclear. To address this question, here we examined multiple physiological systems in male C57BL/6J mice following prolonged exposure to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). HFHSD-fed mice rapidly exhibited metabolic alterations, including obesity, hyperleptinemia, physical inactivity, glucose intolerance, peripheral insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, ectopic lipid deposition, and bone deterioration. Prolonged exposure to HFHSD resulted in morbid obesity, ectopic triglyceride deposition in liver and muscle, extensive bone loss, sarcopenia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired short-term memory. Although many of these defects are typically associated with aging, HFHSD did not alter telomere length in white blood cells, indicating that this diet did not generally promote all aspects of aging. Strikingly, glucose homeostasis was highly dynamic. Glucose intolerance was evident in HFHSD-fed mice after 1 week and was maintained for 24 weeks. Beyond 24 weeks, however, glucose tolerance improved in HFHSD-fed mice, and by 60 weeks, it was indistinguishable from that of chow-fed mice. This improvement coincided with adaptive β-cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia, without changes in insulin sensitivity in muscle or adipose tissue. Assessment of insulin secretion in isolated islets revealed that leptin, which inhibited insulin secretion in the chow-fed mice, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the HFHSD-fed mice after 60 weeks. Overall, the excessive calorie intake was accompanied by deteriorating function of numerous physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Burchfield
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - P Tess Whitworth
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Amanda L Wright
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Xiuquan Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - James R Krycer
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Marin E Nelson
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shi-Xiong Tan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Belinda Yau
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Thomas
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Natalie K Y Wee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Ee-Cheng Khor
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - James Cantley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia, .,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
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Mondal P, Prasad A, Girdhar K. Interventions to improve β-cell mass and function. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78:469-477. [PMID: 28870707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemiologically important disease worldwide and is also becoming a great matter of concern due to the effects associated with it like: high morbidity, elevated health care cost and shortened life span. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance as well as β-cell dysfunction. It is widely accepted that in the face of insulin resistance, euglycemia can be maintained by increase in pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion. This compensation is largely due to enhanced secretion of insulin by the β-cell mass, which is present initially, and thereby subsequent increases in β-cell mass provide additional insulin secretion. However, the mechanism by which β-cell anatomical plasticity and functional plasticity for insulin secretion is coordinated and executed in different physiological and pathophysiological states is complex and has been poorly understood. As the incidence of T2DM continues to increase at an alarming rate, it is becoming imperative to shift the research focus towards the β-cell physiology where identification of novel pathways that influence the β-cell proliferation and/or contribute to increase insulin secretion has the potential to lead to new therapies for preventing or delaying onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India.
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India
| | - Khyati Girdhar
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India
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26
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Gupta D, Jetton TL, LaRock K, Monga N, Satish B, Lausier J, Peshavaria M, Leahy JL. Temporal characterization of β cell-adaptive and -maladaptive mechanisms during chronic high-fat feeding in C57BL/6NTac mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12449-12459. [PMID: 28487366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of type 2 diabetes is characterized by transition from successful to failed insulin secretory compensation to obesity-related insulin resistance and dysmetabolism. Energy-rich diets in rodents are commonly studied models of compensatory increases in both insulin secretion and β cell mass. However, the mechanisms of these adaptive responses are incompletely understood, and it is also unclear why these responses eventually fail. We measured the temporal trends of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, β cell morphometry, and islet gene expression in C57BL/6NTac mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet for up to 16 weeks. A 2-fold increased hyperinsulinemia was maintained for the first 4 weeks of HFD feeding and then further increased through 16 weeks. β cell mass increased progressively starting at 4 weeks, principally through nonproliferative growth. Insulin sensitivity was not significantly perturbed until 11 weeks of HFD feeding. Over the first 8 weeks, we observed two distinct waves of increased expression of β cell functional and prodifferentiation genes. This was followed by activation of the unfolded protein response at 8 weeks and overt β cell endoplasmic reticulum stress at 12-16 weeks. In summary, β cell adaptation to an HFD in C57BL/6NTac mice entails early insulin hypersecretion and a robust growth phase along with hyperexpression of related genes that begin well before the onset of observed insulin resistance. However, continued HFD exposure results in cessation of gene hyperexpression, β cell functional failure, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data point to a complex but not sustainable integration of β cell-adaptive responses to nutrient overabundance, obesity development, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Thomas L Jetton
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Kyla LaRock
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Navjot Monga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Basanthi Satish
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - James Lausier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Mina Peshavaria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Jack L Leahy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446.
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Sithara S, Crowley TM, Walder K, Aston-Mourney K. Gene expression signature: a powerful approach for drug discovery in diabetes. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R131-R139. [PMID: 27927696 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate around the world. Much effort has gone into the discovery and design of antidiabetic drugs; however, those already available are unable to combat the underlying causes of the disease and instead only moderate the symptoms. The reason for this is that T2D is a complex disease, and attempts to target one biological pathway are insufficient to combat the full extent of the disease. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiology of this disease is yet to be fully elucidated making it difficult to design drugs that target the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the approach of designing new drugs aimed at a specific molecular target is not optimal and a more expansive, unbiased approach is required. In this review, we will look at the current state of diabetes treatments and how these target the disease symptoms but are unable to combat the underlying causes. We will also review how the technique of gene expression signatures (GESs) has been used successfully for other complex diseases and how this may be applied as a powerful tool for the discovery of new drugs for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smithamol Sithara
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- School of MedicineMMR, Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Virgen-Ortiz A, Melnikov V, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Montero S, Muñiz-Murguía J, Lemus M, Roces de Álvarez-Buylla E. Effect of moderate and high intensity chronic exercise on the pancreatic islet morphometry in healthy rats: BDNF receptor participation. Islets 2017; 9:1-10. [PMID: 27922332 PMCID: PMC5270655 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1260796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and morphology of β-cells is largely dependent on insulin demand. As β-cells cover a bigger cell proportion in pancreas islets, changes of insulin producer cells affect the whole pancreatic islet morphology. Growth factors as the neurotrophins regulate the pancreas physiology, besides; physical exercise increases insulin sensitivity, and further modifies brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in plasma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exercise (running in a treadmill for 8 weeks) intensity on pancreatic islet morphometry in healthy state. The BDNF receptor effect on the pancreatic islet morphometry was also evaluated. Adult male Wistar rats were divided in 6 groups: Control (C); moderate intensity training (MIT); high intensity training (HIT) did not treat with BDNF receptor inhibitor (K252a), and C, MIT and HIT treated with K252a. The results shown that chronic exercise induces β-cells hypertrophy without BDNF receptor participation. On the other hand, the moderate exercise increases the number of β cells per islet; the last effect does not require TrkB participation. In sedentary conditions, the K252a treatment reduced the β-cell density. Exercise intensity has differential effects on pancreas islet morphometry in healthy model; furthermore, BDNF receptor plays a role to maintain the amount of β-cells in sedentary state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adolfo Virgen-Ortiz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Montero
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Jesús Muñiz-Murguía
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Mónica Lemus
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Elena Roces de Álvarez-Buylla
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
- CONTACT Elena Roces de Álvarez-Buylla Jefe del Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, CUIB, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima, Col. 298045 México
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Dorrell C, Schug J, Canaday PS, Russ HA, Tarlow BD, Grompe MT, Horton T, Hebrok M, Streeter PR, Kaestner KH, Grompe M. Human islets contain four distinct subtypes of β cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11756. [PMID: 27399229 PMCID: PMC4942571 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain five distinct endocrine cell types, each producing a characteristic hormone. The dysfunction or loss of the insulin-producing β cells causes diabetes mellitus, a disease that harms millions. Until now, β cells were generally regarded as a single, homogenous cell population. Here we identify four antigenically distinct subtypes of human β cells, which we refer to as β1–4, and which are distinguished by differential expression of ST8SIA1 and CD9. These subpopulations are always present in normal adult islets and have diverse gene expression profiles and distinct basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, the β cell subtype distribution is profoundly altered in type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that this antigenically defined β cell heterogeneity is functionally and likely medically relevant. Dysfunction or loss of insulin-secreting β cells in the pancreas is a hallmark of diabetes. Here, Dorrell et al. identify four subpopulations of β cells in humans, which differ in gene expression and insulin secretion kinetics, and the abundance of which is altered in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Pamela S Canaday
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Branden D Tarlow
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Maria T Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Tamara Horton
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Philip R Streeter
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Eizadi M, Ravasi AA, Soory R, Baesi K, Choobineh S. The Effect of Three Months of Resistance Training on TCF7L2 Expression in Pancreas Tissues of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-34014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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32
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Lakshmipathi J, Alvarez-Perez JC, Rosselot C, Casinelli GP, Stamateris RE, Rausell-Palamos F, O'Donnell CP, Vasavada RC, Scott DK, Alonso LC, Garcia-Ocaña A. PKCζ Is Essential for Pancreatic β-Cell Replication During Insulin Resistance by Regulating mTOR and Cyclin-D2. Diabetes 2016; 65:1283-96. [PMID: 26868297 PMCID: PMC4839210 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive β-cell replication occurs in response to increased metabolic demand during insulin resistance. The intracellular mediators of this compensatory response are poorly defined and their identification could provide significant targets for β-cell regeneration therapies. Here we show that glucose and insulin in vitro and insulin resistance in vivo activate protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) in pancreatic islets and β-cells. PKCζ is required for glucose- and glucokinase activator-induced proliferation of rodent and human β-cells in vitro. Furthermore, either kinase-dead PKCζ expression (KD-PKCζ) or disruption of PKCζ in mouse β-cells blocks compensatory β-cell replication when acute hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia is induced. Importantly, KD-PKCζ inhibits insulin resistance-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and cyclin-D2 upregulation independent of Akt activation. In summary, PKCζ activation is key for early compensatory β-cell replication in insulin resistance by regulating the downstream signals mTOR and cyclin-D2. This suggests that alterations in PKCζ expression or activity might contribute to inadequate β-cell mass expansion and β-cell failure leading to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Lakshmipathi
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gabriella P Casinelli
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel E Stamateris
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Francisco Rausell-Palamos
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rupangi C Vasavada
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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33
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The Potential Protective Action of Vitamin D in Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2016; 8:147. [PMID: 26959059 PMCID: PMC4808876 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (i.e., hypovitaminosis D) is associated with increased insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and poorly controlled glucose homeostasis, and thus is correlated with the risk of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The liver plays key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, and its dysregulation leads to abnormalities in hepatic glucose output and triglyceride accumulation. Meanwhile, the pancreatic islets are constituted in large part by insulin-secreting β cells. Consequently, islet dysfunction, such as occurs in T2DM, produces hyperglycemia. In this review, we provide a critical appraisal of the modulatory actions of vitamin D in hepatic insulin sensitivity and islet insulin secretion, and we discuss the potential roles of a local vitamin D signaling in regulating hepatic and pancreatic islet functions. This information provides a scientific basis for establishing the benefits of the maintenance, or dietary manipulation, of adequate vitamin D status in the prevention and management of obesity-induced T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Ghislain J, Fontés G, Tremblay C, Kebede MA, Poitout V. Dual-Reporter β-Cell-Specific Male Transgenic Rats for the Analysis of β-Cell Functional Mass and Enrichment by Flow Cytometry. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1299-306. [PMID: 26671180 PMCID: PMC4769371 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse β-cell-specific reporter lines have played a key role in diabetes research. Although the rat provides several advantages, its use has lagged behind the mouse due to the relative paucity of genetic models. In this report we describe the generation and characterization of transgenic rats expressing a Renilla luciferase (RLuc)-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion under control of a 9-kb genomic fragment from the rat ins2 gene (RIP7-RLuc-YFP). Analysis of RLuc luminescence and YFP fluorescence revealed that reporter expression is restricted to β-cells in the adult rat. Physiological characteristics including body weight, fat and lean mass, fasting and fed glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, and β-cell mass were similar between two RIP7-RLuc-YFP lines and wild-type littermates. Glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated islets was indistinguishable from controls in one of the lines, whereas surprisingly, insulin secretion was defective in the second line. Consequently, subsequent studies were limited to the former line. We asked whether transgene activity was responsive to glucose as shown previously for the ins2 gene. Exposing islets ex vivo to high glucose (16.7 mM) or in vivo infusion of glucose for 24 hours increased luciferase activity in islets, whereas the fraction of YFP-positive β-cells after glucose infusion was unchanged. Finally, we showed that fluorescence-activated cell sorting of YFP-positive islet cells can be used to enrich for β-cells. Overall, this transgenic line will enable for the first time the application of both fluorescence and bioluminescence/luminescence-based approaches for the study of rat β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
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mTOR Inhibition: Reduced Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Transplant Direct 2016; 2:e65. [PMID: 27500257 PMCID: PMC4946492 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirolimus (SRL) has been associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation. The aim was to determine the effect of SRL on development of insulin resistance and β -cell toxicity. METHODS Lean Zucker rat (LZR) and obese Zucker rat (OZR) were distributed into groups: vehicle and SRL (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) during 12 or 28 days. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was evaluated at days 0, 12, 28, and 45. Islet morphometry, β-cell proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed at 12 days. Islets were isolated to analyze insulin content, insulin secretion, and gene expression. RESULTS After 12 days, SRL treatment only impaired IPGTT in a dose-dependent manner in OZR. Treatment prolongation induced increase of area under the curve of IPGTT in LZR and OZR; however, in contrast to OZR, LZR normalized glucose levels after 2 hours. The SRL reduced pancreas weight and islet proliferation in LZR and OZR as well as insulin content. Insulin secretion was only affected in OZR. Islets from OZR + SRL rats presented a downregulation of Neurod1, Pax4, and Ins2 gene. Genes related with insulin secretion remained unchanged or upregulated. CONCLUSIONS In conditions that require adaptive β -cell proliferation, SRL might reveal harmful effects by blocking β -cell proliferation, insulin production and secretion. These effects disappeared when removing the therapy.
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36
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Fontés G, Ghislain J, Benterki I, Zarrouki B, Trudel D, Berthiaume Y, Poitout V. The ΔF508 Mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Associated With Progressive Insulin Resistance and Decreased Functional β-Cell Mass in Mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:4112-22. [PMID: 26283735 PMCID: PMC4876763 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the result of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF-related diabetes affects 50% of adult CF patients. How CFTR deficiency predisposes to diabetes is unknown. Herein, we examined the impact of the most frequent cftr mutation in humans, deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (ΔF508), on glucose homeostasis in mice. We compared ΔF508 mutant mice with wild-type (WT) littermates. Twelve-week-old male ΔF508 mutants had lower body weight, improved oral glucose tolerance, and a trend toward higher insulin tolerance. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was slightly diminished in ΔF508 mutant islets, due to reduced insulin content, but ΔF508 mutant islets were not more sensitive to proinflammatory cytokines than WT islets. Hyperglycemic clamps confirmed an increase in insulin sensitivity with normal β-cell function in 12- and 18-week-old ΔF508 mutants. In contrast, 24-week-old ΔF508 mutants exhibited insulin resistance and reduced β-cell function. β-Cell mass was unaffected at 11 weeks of age but was significantly lower in ΔF508 mutants versus controls at 24 weeks. This was not associated with gross pancreatic pathology. We conclude that the ΔF508 CFTR mutation does not lead to an intrinsic β-cell secretory defect but is associated with insulin resistance and a β-cell mass deficit in aging mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isma Benterki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bader Zarrouki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Baldassano S, Rappa F, Amato A, Cappello F, Mulè F. GLP-2 as Beneficial Factor in the Glucose Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3029-36. [PMID: 25967277 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gastrointestinal hormone released in response to dietary nutrients, which acts through a specific receptor, the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R). The physiological effects of GLP-2 are multiple, involving also the intestinal adaptation to high fat diet (HFD). In consideration of the well-known relationship between chronic HFD and impaired glucose metabolism, in the present study we examined if the blocking of the GLP-2 signaling by chronic treatment with the GLP-2R antagonist, GLP-2 (3-33), leads to functional consequences in the regulation of glucose metabolism in HFD-fed mice. Compared with animals fed standard diet (STD), mice at the 10th week of HFD showed hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, high plasma insulin level after glucose load, increased pancreas weight and β cell expansion, but not insulin resistance. In HFD fed mice, GLP-2 (3-33) treatment for 4 weeks (from the 6th to the 10th week of diet) did not affect fasting glycaemia, but it significantly increased the glucose intolerance, both fasting and glucose-induced insulin levels, and reduced the sensitivity to insulin leading to insulin-resistance. In GLP-2 (3-33)-treated HFD mice pancreas was significantly heavier and displayed a significant increase in β-cell mass in comparison with vehicle-treated HFD mice. In STD mice, the GLP-2 (3-33) treatment did not affect fasted or glucose-stimulated glycemia, insulin, insulin sensitivity, pancreas weight and beta cell mass. The present study suggests that endogenous GLP-2 may act as a protective factor against the dysregulation of the glucose metabolism that occurs in HFD mice, because GLP-2 (3-33) worsens glucose metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldassano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Nr2e1 Deficiency Augments Palmitate-Induced Oxidative Stress in Beta Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9648769. [PMID: 26649147 PMCID: PMC4663339 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9648769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (Nr2e1) has been regarded as an essential regulator of the growth of neural stem cells. However, its function elsewhere is unknown. In the present study, we generated Nr2e1 knockdown MIN6 cells and studied whether Nr2e1 knockdown affected basal beta cell functions such as proliferation, cell death, and insulin secretion. We showed that knockdown of Nr2e1 in MIN6 cells resulted in increased sensitivity to lipotoxicity, decreased proliferation, a partial G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest, and higher rates of apoptosis. Moreover, Nr2e1 deficiency exaggerates palmitate-induced impairment in insulin secretion. At the molecular level, Nr2e1 deficiency augments palmitate-induced oxidative stress. Nr2e1 deficiency also resulted in decreases in antioxidant enzymes and expression level of Nrf2. Together, this study indicated a potential protective effect of Nr2e1 on beta cells, which may serve as a target for the development of novel therapies for diabetes.
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Shoemaker R, Yiannikouris F, Thatcher S, Cassis L. ACE2 deficiency reduces β-cell mass and impairs β-cell proliferation in obese C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E621-31. [PMID: 26389599 PMCID: PMC4593774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00054.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) decrease the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreatic islets express RAS components, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. Overexpression of ACE2 in pancreas of diabetic mice improved glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine if deficiency of endogenous ACE2 contributes to islet dysfunction and T2D. We hypothesized that ACE2 deficiency potentiates the decline in β-cell function and augments the development of diet-induced T2D. Male Ace2(+/y) or Ace2(-/y) mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 1 or 4 mo. A subset of 1-mo HF-fed mice were infused with Sal (Sal), losartan (Los), or Ang-(1-7). At 4 mo, while both genotypes of HF-fed mice developed a similar level of insulin resistance, adaptive hyperinsulinemia was reduced in Ace2(-/y) vs. Ace2(+/y) mice. Similarly, in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was reduced in 1-mo HF-fed Ace2(-/y) compared with Ace2(+/y) mice, resulting in augmented hyperglycemia. The average islet area was significantly smaller in both LF- and HF-fed Ace2(-/y) vs. Ace2(+/y) mice. Additionally, β-cell mass and proliferation were reduced significantly in HF-fed Ace2(-/y) vs. Ace2(+/y) mice. Neither infusion of Los nor Ang-(1-7) was able to correct impaired in vivo GSIS of HF-fed ACE2-deficient mice. These results demonstrate a critical role for endogenous ACE2 in the adaptive β-cell hyperinsulinemic response to HF feeding through regulation of β-cell proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Shoemaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Frederique Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sean Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lisa Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Sunflower Oil but Not Fish Oil Resembles Positive Effects of Virgin Olive Oil on Aged Pancreas after Life-Long Coenzyme Q Addition. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23425-45. [PMID: 26426013 PMCID: PMC4632707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate pancreatic structure is necessary for optimal organ function. Structural changes are critical in the development of age-related pancreatic disorders. In this context, it has been reported that different pancreatic compartments from rats were affected according to the fat composition consumed. Since there is a close relationship between mitochondria, oxidative stress and aging, an experimental approach has been developed to gain more insight into this process in the pancreas. A low dosage of coenzyme Q was administered life-long in rats in order to try to prevent pancreatic aging-related alterations associated to some dietary fat sources. According to that, three groups of rats were fed normocaloric diets containing Coenzyme Q (CoQ) for two years, where virgin olive, sunflower, or fish oil was included as unique fat source. Pancreatic samples for microscopy and blood samples were collected at the moment of euthanasia. The main finding is that CoQ supplementation gives different results according to fat used in diet. When sunflower oil was the main fat in the diet, CoQ supplementation seems to improve endocrine pancreas structure and in particular β-cell mass resembling positive effects of virgin olive oil. Conversely, CoQ intake does not seem to improve the structural alterations of exocrine compartment previously observed in fish oil fed rats. Therefore CoQ may improve pancreatic alterations associated to the chronic intake of some dietary fat sources.
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El Ouaamari A, Zhou JY, Liew CW, Shirakawa J, Dirice E, Gedeon N, Kahraman S, De Jesus DF, Bhatt S, Kim JS, Clauss TR, Camp DG, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Kulkarni RN. Compensatory Islet Response to Insulin Resistance Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3111-3122. [PMID: 26151086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compensatory islet response is a distinct feature of the prediabetic insulin-resistant state in humans and rodents. To identify alterations in the islet proteome that characterize the adaptive response, we analyzed islets from 5 month old male control, high-fat diet fed (HFD), or obese ob/ob mice by LC-MS/MS and quantified ~1100 islet proteins (at least two peptides) with a false discovery rate < 1%. Significant alterations in abundance were observed for ~350 proteins among groups. The majority of alterations were common to both models, and the changes of a subset of ~40 proteins and 12 proteins were verified by targeted quantification using selected reaction monitoring and western blots, respectively. The insulin-resistant islets in both groups exhibited reduced expression of proteins controlling energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, hormone processing, and secretory pathways. Conversely, an increased expression of molecules involved in protein synthesis and folding suggested effects in endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cell survival, and proliferation in both insulin-resistant models. In summary, we report a unique comparison of the islet proteome that is focused on the compensatory response in two insulin-resistant rodent models that are not overtly diabetic. These data provide a valuable resource of candidate proteins to the scientific community to undertake further studies aimed at enhancing β-cell mass in patients with diabetes. The data are available via the MassIVE repository, under accession no. MSV000079093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Nicholas Gedeon
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Therese Rw Clauss
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - David G Camp
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber inhibited islets of langerhans apoptosis via inactivation of the mitochondrial pathway in insulin resistant mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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C-Peptide-based assessment of insulin secretion in the Zucker Fatty rat: a modelistic study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125252. [PMID: 25938808 PMCID: PMC4418729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A C-peptide-based assessment of β-cell function was performed here in the Zucker fatty rat, a suitable animal model of human metabolic syndrome. To this aim, a 90-min intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed in seven Zucker fatty rats (ZFR), 7-to-9week-old, and seven age-matched Zucker lean rats (ZLR). The minimal model of C-peptide (CPMM), originally introduced for humans, was adapted to Zucker rats and then applied to interpret IVGTT data. For a comprehensive evaluation of glucose tolerance in ZFR, CPMM was applied in combination with the minimal model of glucose kinetics (GKMM). Our results showed that the present CPMM-based interpretation of data is able to: 1) provide a suitable fit of C-Peptide data; 2) achieve a satisfactory estimation of parameters of interest 3) quantify both insulin secretion by estimating the time course of pre-hepatic secretion rate, SR(t), and total insulin secretion, TIS, and pancreatic sensitivity by means of three specific indexes of β-cell responsiveness to glucose stimulus (first-phase, Ф1, second-phase, Ф2, and steady-state, Фss, never assessed in Zucker rats before; 4) detect the significant enhancement of insulin secretion in the ZFR, in face of a severe insulin-resistant state, previously observed only using a purely experimental approach. Thus, the methodology presented here represents a reliable tool to assess β-cell function in the Zucker rat, and opens new possibilities for the quantification of further processes involved in glucose homeostasis such as the hepatic insulin degradation.
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Kim K, Oh CM, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Park S, Namkung J, Yadav VK, Tamarina NA, Roe MW, Philipson LH, Karsenty G, Nagamatsu S, German MS, Kim H. Functional role of serotonin in insulin secretion in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state. Endocrinology 2015; 156:444-52. [PMID: 25426873 PMCID: PMC4298319 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in pancreatic β-cell function was previously elucidated using a pregnant mouse model. During pregnancy, 5-HT increases β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through the Gαq-coupled 5-HT2b receptor (Htr2b) and the 5-HT3 receptor (Htr3), a ligand-gated cation channel, respectively. However, the role of 5-HT in β-cell function in an insulin-resistant state has yet to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of β-cell-specific Htr2b(-/-) (Htr2b βKO), Htr3a(-/-) (Htr3a knock-out [KO]), and β-cell-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1)(-/-) (Tph1 βKO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Htr2b βKO, Htr3a KO, and Tph1 βKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance on a standard chow diet. After 6 weeks on an HFD, beginning at 4 weeks of age, both Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice developed glucose intolerance, but Htr2b βKO mice remained normoglycemic. Pancreas perfusion assays revealed defective first-phase insulin secretion in Htr3a KO mice. GSIS was impaired in islets isolated from HFD-fed Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice, and 5-HT treatment improved insulin secretion from Tph1 βKO islets but not from Htr3a KO islets. Tph1 and Htr3a gene expression in pancreatic islets was not affected by an HFD, and immunostaining could not detect 5-HT in pancreatic islets from mice fed an HFD. Taken together, these results demonstrate that basal 5-HT levels in β-cells play a role in GSIS through Htr3, which becomes more evident in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (K.K., C.-M.O., S.P., J.N., H.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry (M.O.-I., S.N.), Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; Department of Biochemistry (S.P.), Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwondo 210-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry (J.N.), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetics and Development (V.K.Y., G.K.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032; Department of Medicine (N.A.T., L.H.P.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology (M.W.R.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210; and Diabetes Center (M.S.G.), Hormone Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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Alejandro EU, Gregg B, Blandino-Rosano M, Cras-Méneur C, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Natural history of β-cell adaptation and failure in type 2 diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 42:19-41. [PMID: 25542976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by β-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. The current evidence suggests that genetic predisposition, and environmental factors can impair the capacity of the β-cells to respond to insulin resistance and ultimately lead to their failure. However, genetic studies have demonstrated that known variants account for less than 10% of the overall estimated T2D risk, suggesting that additional unidentified factors contribute to susceptibility of this disease. In this review, we will discuss the different stages that contribute to the development of β-cell failure in T2D. We divide the natural history of this process in three major stages: susceptibility, β-cell adaptation and β-cell failure, and provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved. Further research into mechanisms will reveal key modulators of β-cell failure and thus identify possible novel therapeutic targets and potential interventions to protect against β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kehler DS, Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Kimber DE, Hlynsky MW, Duhamel TA. Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in youth. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:496-510. [PMID: 25629355 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically over the past decades. The literature also suggests that the progression from an impaired glucose tolerance state to established T2DM is more rapid in youth, compared to adults. The presence of significant cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM, including cardiac, macrovascular, and microvascular remodeling, is another major issue in this younger cohort and poses a significant threat to the healthcare system. However, this issue is only now emerging as a major public health concern, with few data to support optimal treatment targets and strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in youth with T2DM. Accordingly, the purpose of this minireview is to better understand the cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM. We briefly describe the pathophysiology from youth studies, including oxidative stress, inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and epigenetics, which link T2DM and CVD. We also describe the literature concerning the early signs of CVD in youth and potential treatment options to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba.,d Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Patel M, Gleason A, O'Malley S, Connolly B, Suresch D, Virostko J, Phillips N, Lin SA, Chen TB, Klimas M, Hargreaves RJ, Sur C, Williams DL, Powers AC, Bednar B. Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of β-cell function in obese-hyperglycemic [ob/ob] mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106693. [PMID: 25198535 PMCID: PMC4157804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes results from failure of the β-cells to compensate for increased insulin demand due to abnormal levels of metabolic factors. The ob/ob(lep-/-) mouse has been extensively studied as an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown a correlation between β-cell function and bioluminescent imaging in lean genetically engineered mice. The ability to noninvasively monitor β-cell function in ob/ob mice could provide new information on β-cell regulation in type 2 diabetes. Methods To create the B6 Albino ob/ob MIP-luc mice (ob/ob-luc), the ob/ob mouse was crossed with the CD1 MIP-luc mouse. All mice were backcrossed over multiple generations to ensure the genetic background of the transgenic mice was over 96% similar to the background of the original ob/ob mouse. Animal weight, blood glucose levels, insulin in plasma, and in vivo bioluminescence (BLI) were monitored weekly or biweekly for up to 70 weeks of age. BL imaging was performed using IVIS Spectrum (Perkin Elmer) and calculated by integrating the bioluminescence signal between 5 and 10 min after i.v. injection of D-luciferin. Insulin immunohistochemistry determined islet beta cell count and insulin secretion assay determined islet insulin function. Results There were significant increases in BLI and insulin levels as the ob/ob-luc mice aged while glucose levels gradually decreased. Ob/ob-luc were sacrificed at different time points to determine ex vivo BLI, islet function and total β-cell numbers using a cell counting training algorithm developed for the Vectra image analysis system (Perkin Elmer). The number of β-cells increased as the mice aged and all three ex vivo measurements correlated with BLI. Conclusions The ob/ob-luc mice can serve as a model of metabolic stress, similar to human type 2 diabetes using BLI as a surrogate marker for β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar Patel
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexa Gleason
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacey O'Malley
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brett Connolly
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna Suresch
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Neil Phillips
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tsing-Bau Chen
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Klimas
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Hargreaves
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cyrille Sur
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David L. Williams
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bohumil Bednar
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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48
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the impact of fructose-rich diet and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the in vitro function of pancreatic islets. METHODS Fifty-four rats were divided into 3 equal groups as follows: control, rats with CKD 1/2 that underwent surgical uninephrectomy, and rats with CKD 5/6 that underwent uninephrectomy and kidney cortex mass resection. Each group was further assigned to 3 diet protocols--regular diet, regular diet with 10% fructose (F10), and 60% fructose-rich diet (F60). After 8 weeks of insulin administration, C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin level, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were evaluated. Static glucose insulin stimulation test of isolated pancreatic islets and histologic analysis of pancreatic tissue were performed. RESULTS The F10 diet increased the levels of insulin and C-peptide in all groups. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was increased in all animals fed with fructose. The elevated levels of creatinine and diminished creatinine clearance were detected in CKD 5/6 rats fed with 60% fructose-rich diet. The F10 diet resulted in high levels of serum insulin and C-peptide and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Fructose-rich diet increased the islet size and number, with irregular morphology and exocrine tissue fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The fructose-rich diet accelerates the progression of CKD and affects the pancreatic islet function.
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49
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Abstract
β-Cell mass is a parameter commonly measured in studies of islet biology and diabetes. However, the rigorous quantification of pancreatic β-cell mass using conventional histological methods is a time-consuming process. Rapidly evolving virtual slide technology with high-resolution slide scanners and newly developed image analysis tools has the potential to transform β-cell mass measurement. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of this new approach, we assessed pancreata from normal C57Bl/6J mice and from mouse models of β-cell ablation (streptozotocin-treated mice) and β-cell hyperplasia (leptin-deficient mice), using a standardized systematic sampling of pancreatic specimens. Our data indicate that automated analysis of virtual pancreatic slides is highly reliable and yields results consistent with those obtained by conventional morphometric analysis. This new methodology will allow investigators to dramatically reduce the time required for β-cell mass measurement by automating high-resolution image capture and analysis of entire pancreatic sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - William S Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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50
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Zarrouki B, Benterki I, Fontés G, Peyot ML, Seda O, Prentki M, Poitout V. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation in response to nutrient excess in rats through mTOR and FOXM1. Diabetes 2014; 63:982-93. [PMID: 24194502 PMCID: PMC3931394 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the compensatory increase in β-cell mass in response to insulin resistance are essentially unknown. We previously reported that a 72-h coinfusion of glucose and Intralipid (GLU+IL) induces insulin resistance and a marked increase in β-cell proliferation in 6-month-old, but not in 2-month-old, Wistar rats. The aim of the current study was to identify the mechanisms underlying nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation in this model. A transcriptomic analysis identified a central role for the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 and its targets, and for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR), in nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) target, was increased in islets from GLU+IL-infused 6-month-old rats. HB-EGF induced proliferation of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and isolated rat islets, and this effect was blocked in MIN6 cells by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Coinfusion of either AG1478 or rapamycin blocked the increase in FOXM1 signaling, β-cell proliferation, and β-cell mass and size in response to GLU+IL infusion in 6-month-old rats. We conclude that chronic nutrient excess promotes β-cell mass expansion via a pathway that involves EGFR signaling, mTOR activation, and FOXM1-mediated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Zarrouki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isma Benterki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ondrej Seda
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Vincent Poitout,
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