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Noël C, Scharf D, Koné A, Armiento C, Dylan D. Cannabis advertising impacts on youth cannabis use intentions following recreational legalization in Canada: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107981. [PMID: 38367505 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2018, Canada's Cannabis Act legalized adult recreational cannabis use and limited cannabis product advertising to adults. Cannabis product advertising to youth remains illegal. The extent to which adult-targeted, or illicit youth-targeted cannabis advertisements is reaching and impacting Canadian youth is unknown. We used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to describe how often and how much exposures to cannabis advertising influence Canadian youths' real-world, real-time intentions to use cannabis. METHODS 120 Ontario, Canada youths ages 14-18, took photos of cannabis advertising that they encountered in their natural environments over a period of nine consecutive days. Following each exposure and twice daily device-issued random prompts, they also rated their intentions to use cannabis. RESULTS Many participating youth (n = 85; 70.83 %) reported at least one cannabis advertising exposure during the study (range 1-30, M = 4.02). Exposures occurred through a range of advertising channels (e.g., internet ads, billboards). Multilevel modeling showed that youth advertising exposure increased cannabis use intentions in vivo (β = 0.06,SE = 0.03;t = 1.98;p =.04;n = 1,348). CONCLUSION Data from this study shows that cannabis advertisements are regularly reaching Canadian youth and increasing their intentions to use cannabis. This suggests that current Canadian prohibitions on cannabis advertising to youth are ineffective and/or ineffectively enforced, and that the Canadian government needs additional or enhanced prohibitions on cannabis promotion to protect youth from harms associated with increased advertisement exposure, such as increased cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Noël
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Scharf
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anna Koné
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Dylan
- Bora Laskin Faculty of Law, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Crowley R, Hilden D, Beachy M. Excessive Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Policy Brief of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:656-657. [PMID: 38648644 DOI: 10.7326/m23-3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is used by more people in the United States than tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems, or illicit drugs. Several health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease, are associated with excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. Nearly 30 million people aged 12 years or older in the United States reported past-year alcohol use disorder in 2022, but-despite its prevalence-alcohol use disorder is undertreated. In this policy brief, the American College of Physicians outlines the health effects of excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorder, calls for policy changes to increase the availability of treatment of alcohol use disorder and excessive alcohol use, and recommends alcohol-related public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Crowley
- American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (R.C.)
| | - David Hilden
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)
| | - Micah Beachy
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (M.B.)
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Golding MC. Teratogenesis and the epigenetic programming of congenital defects: Why paternal exposures matter. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1825-1834. [PMID: 37424262 PMCID: PMC10774456 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, clinicians and researchers did not realize paternal exposures could impact child developmental outcomes. Indeed, although there is growing recognition that sperm carry a large amount of non-genomic information and that paternal stressors influence the health of the next generation, toxicologists are only now beginning to explore the role paternal exposures have in dysgenesis and the incidence of congenital malformations. In this commentary, I will briefly summarize the few studies describing congenital malformations resulting from preconception paternal stressors, argue for the theoretical expansion of teratogenic perspectives into the male preconception period, and discuss some of the challenges in this newly emerging branch of toxicology. I argue that we must consider gametes the same as any other malleable precursor cell type and recognize that environmentally-induced epigenetic changes acquired during the formation of the sperm and oocyte hold equal teratogenic potential as exposures during early development. Here, I propose the term epiteratogen to reference agents acting outside of pregnancy that, through epigenetic mechanisms, induce congenital malformations. Understanding the interactions between the environment, the essential epigenetic processes intrinsic to spermatogenesis, and their cumulative influences on embryo patterning is essential to addressing a significant blind spot in the field of developmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843
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4
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Clay JM, Baker KA, Mezabrovschi RD, Berti G, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Stafford LD, Parker MO. Mediated and moderated associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and lifetime alcohol use: A cross-sectional scoping study of UK drinkers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:140-149. [PMID: 37352810 PMCID: PMC10754206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress, trait impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation are independent predictors of alcohol use and misuse, but little is known about the potential mechanisms that link these risk factors together. To address this issue, we carried out an exploratory cross-sectional study, on UK-based participants. Our preregistered, hypothesised theoretical framework was that emotional dysregulation mediates the association between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. We also hypothesised that heightened impulsivity would strengthen these relations. As hypothesised, emotional dysregulation fully mediated the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. Several facets of impulsivity moderated these associations. For example, as levels of negative urgency increased, the associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and emotional dysregulation, emotional dysregulation and lifetime alcohol use, and lifetime stress exposure and lifetime alcohol use, via emotional dysregulation, strengthened. These preliminary findings propose a theoretically framed model which integrates several prominent risk-factors for alcohol misuse, extending prior research and generating interesting and novel lines of enquiry for longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses. The findings also highlight the potential clinical utility of screening for lifetime stress exposure while tailoring personalised treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Clay
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK; Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
| | - Kiera A Baker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Giacomo Berti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Matthew O Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Osuafor GN, Okoli CE, Chibuzor G. Exposure to alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among children and early teenagers in South Africa. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:144. [PMID: 37438841 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of information on alcohol adverts on alcohol consumption among early teenagers. The study aimed to examine the association between exposure to alcohol adverts and alcohol consumption. METHODS A sample of 3833 early teenagers aged 12-14 years were extracted from the South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM) 2017. Participants answered questions related to their exposure to alcohol adverts across television, Poster/billboard, events, and social media. Alcohol consumption was assessed on ever consumed alcohol and in the previous 12 months. Information on demographic characteristics was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to process the data. RESULT Exposure to alcohol adverts increases from 5.2% for Events to 77.0% on television. All alcohol media of adverts were associated with alcohol consumption by age. The results mirror studies that demonstrated that exposure to alcohol advertisements was associated with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The association between alcohol consumption, exposure to alcohol adverts, and demographic characteristics need the urgent attention of policymakers and interventionists. The focus of action should be on protecting these early teenagers from exposure to media of adverts and risk background factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godswill N Osuafor
- Department of Population Studies and Demography, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mafikeng, South Africa.
| | | | - Gladys Chibuzor
- Centre for advocacy on drugs and substance abuse, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Obeng P, Sambah F, Sarfo JO, Srem-Sai M, Gbordzoe NI, Sorkpor RS, Hagan JE. Prevalence and Predictors of Alcohol Use among School-Going Adolescents in Panama: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050891. [PMID: 37238439 DOI: 10.3390/children10050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among school-going-age adolescents in Panama. Using a national school-based cross-sectional survey, data from a proportionate sample of school-going adolescents aged 13-17 years were obtained from the 2018 Panama Global School-based Student Health Survey [GSHS]. Data were analysed with a Pearson's Chi-square test and weighted binary logistic regression. The results were reported with their corresponding adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and level of significance set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents in Panama was 30.6%. The odds of alcohol use were lower among adolescents in a lower grade than those in upper grades, and lower in those who did not eat from a restaurant than those who ate from a restaurant. Further, the likelihood of alcohol use was significantly high among those who engaged in physical fights, were seriously injured, were mostly worried, and whose parents used any form of tobacco. Other results showed that the odds of alcohol use were high among sedentary respondents, those who had multiple sexual partners and those who used amphetamines. Based on the present findings, a collaborative approach (i.e., stakeholders- the Ministry of Social Development and the Ministry of Education- community-individual levels) towards the development and adherence of appropriate interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use is required in Panama. Specific preventive interventions would be fundamental in promoting a positive school climate to help reduce adolescents' alcohol use and, perhaps, other anti-social behaviours (e.g., physical fights and bullying).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Obeng
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | - Francis Sambah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | - Jacob Owusu Sarfo
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | - Medina Srem-Sai
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana
| | | | - Richmond Stephen Sorkpor
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Arwood Z, Nooner KB. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Binge Drinking in Adolescence: the Role of Impulsivity and PTSD Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2023; 9:30-41. [PMID: 38239412 PMCID: PMC10795711 DOI: 10.1007/s40817-022-00135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study examines impulsivity and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as factors that may help understand the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent binge drinking. Methods Data were drawn from a subset of adolescents (N = 285) ages 12-22 from the National Consortium on Alcohol & Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). Impulsivity and PTSD symptoms were each predicted to moderate the relationship between ACEs and binge drinking. Results The positive relationship between PTSD symptoms and binge drinking was stronger when impulsivity was included. The positive relationship between ACEs and binge drinking was also strengthened when accounting for PTSD symptoms. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that impulsivity and PTSD symptoms may increase the risk for binge drinking during adolescence, including following ACEs. Interventions targeting PTSD symptoms and impulsivity could be valuable tools in preventing adolescent binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zjanya Arwood
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
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Chentsova VO, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM, Mezquita L, Hogarth L, Team CCAS. Age of First Use, Age of Habitual Use, and Problematic Alcohol Use: a Cross-cultural Examination Among Young Adults in Seven Countries. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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9
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Prakash S, Gu Y, Previti M. Quantitative Survey on Prevalence of Prescription Pain Medications and Stimulants Use in Young Adults. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231162827. [PMID: 37101598 PMCID: PMC10123905 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Prescription drug use including pain relievers and stimulants has been a growing problem in young adults and the issue has been a public health concern for years. Methods This Quantitative Cross-sectional study aimed to collect preliminary data regarding prescription opioid use, prescription stimulant drug use and overdose treatment knowledge in young adults between 18 and 24 years old in a southern New Jersey university through administering an online survey. Results Of the 1663 students who completed the survey, 33% reported using prescription pain relievers and 15% reported using prescription stimulant drugs. Stimulant drug users were found to be more likely to use prescription pain relievers (49%) as compared to non-stimulant users (30%). Furthermore, students with overdose treatment knowledge of opioids were more likely to report misuse of prescription drugs (15%) than students with less knowledge (8%). Conclusions This study reiterates the increasing usage of prescription drugs and stimulant use among college students. There is a need for effective education strategies to inform students about the prescription medication uses and misuse to reduce nonmedical use of prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekha Prakash
- Dr. Sreelekha Prakash, School of Health Sciences, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA.
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Tan L, Friedman Z, Zhou Z, Huh D, White HR, Mun EY. Does abstaining from alcohol in high school moderate intervention effects for college students? Implications for tiered intervention strategies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993517. [PMID: 36532967 PMCID: PMC9748095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brief motivational intervention (BMI) and personalized feedback intervention (PFI) are individual-focused brief alcohol intervention approaches that have been proven efficacious for reducing alcohol use among college students and young adults. Although the efficacy of these two intervention approaches has been well established, little is known about the factors that may modify their effects on alcohol outcomes. In particular, high school drinking may be a risk factor for continued and heightened use of alcohol in college, and thus may influence the outcomes of BMI and PFI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high school drinking was associated with different intervention outcomes among students who received PFI compared to those who received BMI. We conducted moderation analyses examining 348 mandated students (60.1% male; 73.3% White; and 61.5% first-year student) who were randomly assigned to either a BMI or a PFI and whose alcohol consumption was assessed at 4-month and 15-month follow-ups. Results from marginalized zero-inflated Poisson models showed that high school drinking moderated the effects of PFI and BMI at the 4-month follow-up but not at the 15-month follow-up. Specifically, students who reported no drinking in their senior year of high school consumed a 49% higher mean number of drinks after receiving BMI than PFI at the 4-month follow-up. The results suggest that alcohol consumption in high school may be informative when screening and allocating students to appropriate alcohol interventions to meet their different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Zachary Friedman
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - David Huh
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Warner JB, Zirnheld KH, Hu H, Floyd A, Kong M, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Analysis of alcohol use, consumption of micronutrient and macronutrients, and liver health in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2025-2040. [PMID: 36124871 PMCID: PMC9722540 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a major global healthcare burden that contributes to numerous adverse health outcomes, including liver disease. Many factors influence individual susceptibility to alcohol-associated diseases, including nutritional factors. The objective of the current study was to examine inter-relations among alcohol, dietary micronutrients and macronutrient consumption, and liver health by analyzing data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Based on self-reported alcohol consumption, NHANES respondents were assigned to one of four categories: never drinkers (lifetime abstainers), non-drinkers (past-year abstainers), moderate drinkers (1/2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively), and heavy drinkers (>1/>2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively, and/or frequent binge drinking). Survey-weighted regression analyses (adjusted for gender, age, race, education, and body mass index) were performed to examine associations between alcohol intake, dietary, and liver health characteristics. RESULTS Individuals categorized as heavy drinkers were significantly younger, most often well-educated males with low incidences of diabetes and other comorbidities. They consumed the most overall calories and various micronutrients, indicating a diet that was not necessarily nutrient poor. Neither moderate nor heavy drinkers had liver steatosis or fibrosis as measured by liver elastography, although heavy drinkers had modestly elevated plasma biomarkers of liver injury, including ALT, AST, and GGT, compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the category of heavy drinkers in the 2017-2018 NHANES consisted of generally healthy individuals with high-energy intake and no evidence of liver steatosis or fibrosis. However, slightly increased plasma liver markers may indicate a risk of future progression to more advanced stages of liver disease over time in some individuals. Several limitations should be considered when interpreting these data, including the potential misclassification of drinking categories and the lack of standardized cutoff scores for fatty liver as assessed by elastography, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Kara H. Zirnheld
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Huirong Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Alison Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
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Montemayor BN, Noland M, Barry AE. College students mandated to substance use courses: Age-of-onset as a predictor of contemporary polysubstance use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36194393 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2128682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College campuses report alcohol and other drug policy violations as the most frequent reason students receive disciplinary referrals and, thus, are mandated to programming. This study sought to determine predictors of mandated students' alcohol use frequency, and the likelihood of early-onset alcohol using college students enrolled in mandated programming engaging in current polysubstance use. Methods and participants: Employing a purposive sampling method, n = 822 participants were recruited from a pool of students who violated their university's alcohol policy between October 2019 and July 2021. Results: Data analysis revealed early-onset alcohol use (p < .001), gender ID (p < .01), Greek Affiliation (p < .001), ethnicity (p < .05), and perceived norms (p < .001) significantly predicted alcohol frequency. Analysis also revealed engaging in early-onset alcohol use significantly predicted current participation in polysubstance use (p < 0.01), outside of controls. Conclusions: University programs should consider exploring polysubstance use targeted interventions to mitigate these harmful behaviors and associated negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Montemayor
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melody Noland
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
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Cohen-Gilbert J, Nickerson L, Seraikas A, Oot E, Rieselbach M, Schuttenberg E, Sneider J, Silveri M. Large-scale brain network activation during emotional inhibitory control: Associations with alcohol misuse in college freshmen. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:410-421. [PMID: 35084060 PMCID: PMC8920777 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition to college is associated with increased risk of alcohol misuse and a consequent increase in negative, alcohol-related social and health impacts. Traits associated with ongoing brain maturation during this period, including impulsivity in emotional contexts, could contribute to risky alcohol use. METHODS This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined brain network activation strength during an emotional inhibitory control task (Go-NoGo), which required participants to ignore background images with negative or neutral emotional valence during performance. Participants were 60 college freshmen (aged 18-20 years, 33 women). Survey measures, completed at baseline and one-year follow-up (follow-up n = 52, 29 women), assessed alcohol misuse alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), alcohol/substance use counseling center assessment of psychological symptoms (C-CAPS), and negative consequences of alcohol use young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire (YAACQ). Measures were examined relative to network activation strength, on the Negative NoGo > Neutral NoGo contrast, of four large-scale brain networks implicated in top-down regulation of cognition and attention: right and left lateral frontoparietal networks (rL-FPN; lL-FPN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network (SN). RESULTS Activation strength of DAN was negatively associated with scores on the AUDIT (p = 0.013) and YAACQ (p = 0.004) at baseline, and with C-CAPS score at baseline and follow-up (p = 0.002; p = 0.005), and positively associated with accuracy on NoGo trials with negative backgrounds (p = 0.014). Activation strength of rL-FPN was positively associated with C-CAPS score at follow-up (p = 0.003). SN activation strength was negatively associated with accuracy on NoGo trials with negative (p < 0.001) and neutral (p = 0.002) backgrounds and with the accuracy difference between negative versus neutral NoGo trials (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that less engagement of large-scale brain circuitry that supports top-down attentional control, specifically during negative emotions, is associated with more problematic drinking in emerging adults who attend college. This pattern of network activation may serve as a risk marker for ongoing self-regulation deficits during negative emotion that could increase risk of problematic alcohol use and negative impacts of drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - L.D. Nickerson
- Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - A.M. Seraikas
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - E.N. Oot
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | | | - E.M. Schuttenberg
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - J.T. Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - M.M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
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14
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Kirsch DE, Tretyak V, Le V, Huffman A, Fromme K, Strakowski SM, Lippard ET. Alcohol Use and Prefrontal Cortex Volume Trajectories in Young Adults with Mood Disorders and Associated Clinical Outcomes. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35323376 PMCID: PMC8945008 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alcohol use in the course of mood disorders is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The mechanisms by which alcohol use alters the course of illness are unclear but may relate to prefrontal cortical (PFC) sensitivity to alcohol. We investigated associations between alcohol use and PFC structural trajectories in young adults with a mood disorder compared to typically developing peers. (2) Methods: 41 young adults (24 with a mood disorder, agemean = 21 ± 2 years) completed clinical evaluations, assessment of alcohol use, and two structural MRI scans approximately one year apart. Freesurfer was used to segment PFC regions of interest (ROIs) (anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontal pole). Effects of group, alcohol use, time, and interactions among these variables on PFC ROIs at baseline and follow-up were modeled. Associations were examined between alcohol use and longitudinal changes in PFC ROIs with prospective mood. (3) Results: Greater alcohol use was prospectively associated with decreased frontal pole volume in participants with a mood disorder, but not typically developing comparison participants (time-by-group-by-alcohol interaction; p = 0.007); however, this interaction became a statistical trend in a sensitivity analysis excluding one outlier in terms of alcohol use. Greater alcohol use and a decrease in frontal pole volume related to longer duration of major depression during follow-up (p’s < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: Preliminary findings support more research on alcohol use, PFC trajectories, and depression recurrence in young adults with a mood disorder including individuals with heavier drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E. Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Valeria Tretyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vanessa Le
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Ansley Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Kim Fromme
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (V.T.); (V.L.); (A.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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15
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Neppala GK, Terkuhle I, Wagner A, Lepow L, Shaik RB, Freed R, Kimhy D, Pietrzak RH, Velthorst E, Feder A, Ivanov I, Parvaz MA. Social Isolation-Mediated Exacerbation of Negative Affect in Young Drinkers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020214. [PMID: 35203977 PMCID: PMC8870361 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on psychological adjustment during the COVID-19 outbreak has suggested that young people may be particularly vulnerable to increases in negative affect during the pandemic. However, the association between alcohol use in youth and change in negative affect during this unprecedented time is not clear. Using an online survey, this study obtained scores on negative affect (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic), pandemic-related stress, change in drinking frequency, and traits including resilience, impulsivity and anhedonia, from a sample of drinkers and non-drinkers, up to the age of 21. Young drinkers experienced a greater increase in negative affect during the pandemic compared to non-drinkers, and this differential rise in negative affect was mediated by the pandemic-related stress of social isolation. Young drinkers also experienced a decrease in alcohol use during the pandemic, but this was not associated with a change in negative affect. Interestingly, young drinkers with greater resilience and lower anhedonia reported less increase in negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taken together, these results show that the greater increase in negative affect that young drinkers experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to their non-drinking counterparts, was mediated by pandemic-related social isolation. Moreover, greater resilience and lower anhedonia may have served as protective factors for mitigating the social isolation-induced worsening of negative affect in young drinkers during the pandemic. These findings may inform future studies investigating potential indicators of maladaptive affective responses to public health crises in vulnerable adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi K. Neppala
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Isabel Terkuhle
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Ariella Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Lauren Lepow
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Rachel Freed
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kirsch DE, Lippard ET. Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 215:173360. [PMID: 35219756 PMCID: PMC8983562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a well-established risk factor for many psychiatric and medical disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs). The relationship between ELS and SUDs is complex and there are likely multiple pathways from ELS to adverse substance use outcomes. The association between ELS and substance use emerges in adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period in development during which substance exposure markedly increases risk for SUDs. Therefore, this review focuses on the literature supporting the hypothesis that ELS increases risk for the development of SUDs through its influence on adolescent substance use. We discuss studies substantiating the role of ELS in adolescent substance use and explore how internalizing and externalizing psychopathology may be antecedents of substance use in adolescence. We examine clinical work suggesting ELS sculpts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis and developing brain-particularly subcortical brain regions that underlie stress response, mesocorticolimbic brain systems associated with reward sensitivity, and prefrontal regions that underlie executive control-in a way that increases risk for adolescent substance use and SUDs. We further explore how substance use during adolescence alters structure and function of these same systems, and how brain changes following ELS and adolescent substance use may independently, additively, or interactively contribute to risk for addiction. We conclude by discussing how the current literature can inform interventions aimed at reducing risk for SUDs in individuals with a history of ELS.
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17
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Walia B, Kmush BL, Ehrlich J, Mackowski M, Sanders S. Age at League Entry and Early All-Cause Mortality among National Football League Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413356. [PMID: 34948966 PMCID: PMC8706978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: A growing body of research suggests that American football players are exposed to higher cumulative head impact risk as competition level rises. Related literature finds that head impacts absorbed by youth, adolescent, and emerging adult players are associated with elevated risk of long-term health problems (e.g., neurodegenerative disease onset). Most National Football League (NFL) players enter the League as emerging adults (18–24 years old), a period of continued cognitive and overall physical development. However, no prior research has studied the effect of age-at-entry on long-term NFL player health. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study assesses whether early NFL player age-at-entry is associated with increased risk of early all-cause mortality, controlling for player position, BMI, year-of-entry, birth year, and NFL Draft round (expected ability upon League entry). Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included 9049 players who entered the NFL from 1970–2017 and subsequently played at least one game. The variables whether deceased, age-at-death, age-at-entry, and controls were collected from Pro Football Reference website, a leading data site for American football that has been used extensively in the literature. Data collection began on 13 July 2017, and follow-up ended on 1 July 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from 10 March 2020 to 3 August 2020. Data was validated by checking a large sub-sample of data points against alternative sources such as NFL.com and NFLsavant.com. Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine variation in death hazard by NFL player age-at-entry, conditional upon a full set of controls. Results: Conditional on controls, Cox regression results indicate that a one-year increase in age-at-entry was significantly associated with a 14% decreased hazard-of-death (H.R., 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98). Among relatively young entering players, the increased hazard appears to be concentrated in the first quartile of players by age at League entry (20.2 to 22.3 years). Players not in this quartile exhibited a decreased hazard-of-death (H.R., 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.97) compared with players who entered at a relatively young (first quartile) age. Conclusion: An earlier age-at-entry is associated with an increased hazard-of-death among NFL players. Currently, the NFL regulates age-at-entry only indirectly by requiring players to be 3 years removed from high school before becoming NFL Draft-eligible. Implementing a minimum age at entry for NFL players of 22 years and 4 months at beginning of season is expected to result in reduced mortality. What is known about this subject? There are no prior studies on the effects of NFL player age-at-entry on early mortality risk. What this study adds to existing knowledge: This study determines whether entering the NFL at an age of physical and physiological development is related to early mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Walia
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (B.W.); (B.L.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Brittany L. Kmush
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (B.W.); (B.L.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Justin Ehrlich
- Department of Sport Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Madeline Mackowski
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (B.W.); (B.L.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Shane Sanders
- Department of Sport Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-315-443-0234
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18
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Ho FK, Tung KTS, Wong RS, Chan KL, Wong WHS, Ho SY, Lam TH, Mirpuri S, Van Voorhees B, Fu KW, Chow CB, Chua G, Tso W, Jiang F, Rich M, Ip P. An Internet Quiz Game Intervention for Adolescent Alcohol Drinking: A Clustered RCT. Pediatrics 2021; 148:183428. [PMID: 34841427 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interventions on adolescent drinking have yielded mixed results. We assessed the effectiveness of an Internet quiz game intervention compared to conventional health education. METHODS In this cluster randomized controlled trial with parallel group design, we randomly allocated 30 participating schools to the Internet quiz game intervention or the conventional health education (comparison) group, with 1:1 ratio. Students of Hong Kong secondary schools (aged 12-15 years) were recruited. The intervention was a 4-week Web-based quiz game competition in which participating students answered 1000 alcohol-related multiple-choice quiz questions. The comparison group received a printed promotional leaflet and hyperlinks to alcohol-related information. RESULTS Of 30 eligible schools, 15 (4294 students) were randomly assigned to the Internet quiz game intervention group and 15 (3498 students) to the comparison group. Average age of participants was 13.30 years. No significant between-group differences were identified at baseline. Overall retention rate for students was 86.0%. At 1-month follow-up, fewer students in the intervention group reported drinking (9.8% vs 12.1%, risk ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68 to 0.92; P = .003), and those who drank reported drinking less alcohol (standardized difference β -0.06, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.01; P = .02). Between-group differences remained statistically significant at 3-month follow-up (10.4% vs 11.6%, risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.999; P = .048; β -0.06, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.01; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS The Internet quiz game intervention reduced underage drinking by 21% at 1-month and 14% at 3-month follow-up compared with conventional health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Keith T S Tung
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rosa S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wilfred H S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- Division of Community Medicine and Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- Division of Community Medicine and Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sheena Mirpuri
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - King Wa Fu
- Journalism and Media Studies Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Bong Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gilbert Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Rich
- Center on Media and Child Health, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Deak T. Adolescent neuroimmune function and its interaction with alcohol. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:167-208. [PMID: 34801169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period associated with behavioral change, including increased risk-taking and alcohol use. Experimentation with alcohol typically begins in adolescence and transitions to binge-like patterns of consumption. Alcohol exposure during adolescence can alter normative changes in brain structure and function. Understanding mechanisms by which ethanol impacts neurodevelopmental processes is important for preventing and ameliorating the deleterious consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse. This review focuses on the neuroimmune system as a key contributor to ethanol-induced changes in adolescent brain and behavior. After brief review of neuroimmune system development, acute and chronic effects of ethanol on adolescent neuroimmune functioning are addressed. Comparisons between stress/immunological challenges and ethanol on adolescent neuroimmunity are reviewed, as cross-sensitization is relevant during adolescence. The mechanisms by which ethanol alters neuroimmune functioning are then discussed, as they may portend development of neuropathological consequences and thus increase vulnerability to subsequent challenges and potentiate addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Doremus-Fitzwater
- Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States.
| | - T Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States; Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
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20
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Kremer P, Crooks N, Rowland B, Hall J, Toumbourou JW. Increasing compliance with alcohol service laws in community sporting clubs in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:188-196. [PMID: 33819363 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many community sporting clubs in Australia sell alcohol, but many do not comply with laws that require verification of age and forbid underage alcohol sales. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an intervention that incorporated sales monitoring and community awareness raising to improve compliance with alcohol service regulations in community sporting clubs. METHODS Non-randomised community trial in 'matched' intervention and comparison communities. A total of 50 sporting clubs from two metropolitan and two regional areas in Victoria, Australia, were selected, and baseline and follow-up purchase observations completed during 2018. Youth who looked underage were monitored as they attempted to purchase alcohol. Intervention clubs received feedback letters regarding staff sales behaviour. Other intervention actions included building awareness of underage supply of alcohol and media coverage of baseline observations. RESULTS Observations were completed at 46 clubs (intervention = 24; comparison = 22) at baseline and 39 (intervention = 24; comparison = 15) at follow up. Compliance was low but improved at follow up for both groups for age verification (intervention +12.5%; comparison +8.5%) and non-supply of alcohol (intervention +12.5%; comparison +10.6%); but no significant intervention effects were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated low compliance with age verification checks and underage alcohol sales laws at baseline. Promising improvements in compliance were observed at follow up; however, 'spillover' of intervention activities may have compromised ability to detect significant intervention effects. Further intervention effort and evaluation is recommended to encourage alcohol sales compliance in community sporting clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kremer
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicholas Crooks
- Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jessica Hall
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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21
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Stancato SS, Schneider TD, Reed DD, Lemley SM, Carrillo A, Jarmolowicz DP. Reinforcer pathology II: Reward magnitude, reward delay, and demand for alcohol collectively relate to college students' alcohol related problems. J Exp Anal Behav 2020; 114:354-367. [PMID: 33184869 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcer pathologies model of addiction posits that two characteristic patterns of operant behavior characterize addiction. Specifically, individuals suffering from addiction have elevated levels of behavioral economic demand for their substances of abuse and have an elevated tendency to devalue delayed rewards (reflected in high delay discounting rates). Prior research has demonstrated that these behavioral economic markers are significant predictors of many of college students' alcohol-related problems. Delay discounting, however, is a complex behavioral performance likely undergirded by multiple behavioral processes. Emerging analytical approaches have isolated the role of participants' sensitivity to changes in reinforcer magnitude and changes in reinforcer delay. The current study uses these analytic approaches to compare participants' discounting of money versus alcohol, and to build regression models that leverage these new insights to predict a wider range of college students' alcohol related problems. Using these techniques, we were able to 1) demonstrate that individuals differed in their sensitivity to magnitudes of alcohol versus money, but not sensitivity to delays to those commodities and 2) that we could use our behavioral economic measures to predict a range of students' alcohol related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek D Reed
- University of Kansas.,Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment
| | | | | | - David P Jarmolowicz
- University of Kansas.,Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment
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22
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Maina G, Mclean M, Mcharo S, Kennedy M, Djiometio J, King A. A scoping review of school-based indigenous substance use prevention in preteens (7-13 years). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:74. [PMID: 32998753 PMCID: PMC7528230 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset substance use is a risk factor for continued use, dependency, and poor long-term health outcomes. Indigenous youth are more likely to engage in early-onset substance use than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Canada, culturally appropriate prevention programs are needed for Indigenous youth in elementary schools. Therefore, this scoping review aims to explore the published, international literature examining school-based substance use prevention programs for Indigenous children aged 7-13. MAIN TEXT Methods: This scoping review followed a six-step approach: 1) identifying the research questions, 2) identifying relevant studies, 3) selecting the studies, 4) charting the data, 5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, and 6) consulting with experts. The review was reported using guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS Eleven articles (3 Canadian; 7 American and; 1 Australian) were included in the review. The prevention programs they studied were based on existing research or were adapted from existing interventions. The programs were tailored to each communities' culture by including Indigenous stakeholders in developing or adapting prevention programs to be culturally safe and responsive. The articles evaluated the programs' Effectiveness in changing student knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors using pre- and post-intervention surveys, randomized control trials, longitudinally designed analysis, and mixed methods. Mixed quantitative findings and qualitative findings highlighted the programs' value in building community capacity and fostering cultural revitalization. CONCLUSION This review highlights best practices for developing school-based substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth. Findings suggest that prevention programs should be culturally responsive and provide students with the knowledge and skills to prevent and manage substance use in real-life situations. Making Indigenous beliefs, values, languages, images, and worldviews central to the prevention curriculum enhanced the Effectiveness, appropriateness, and sustainability of prevention programs. Indigenous communities are best positioned to facilitate cultural tailoring without compromising the fidelity of evidence-based prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 210-1301 Central Avenue, Prince Albert, S5V 4W1 S.K, Canada.
| | - Maeve Mclean
- Master of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Solomon Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Campus, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Librarian- Library, and Museums - Public Services 2, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joseph Djiometio
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra King
- Cameco Chair in Indigenous Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Luecha T, Peremans L, Junprsert S, Van Rompaey B. Factors associated with alcohol consumption among early adolescents in a province in Eastern region of Thailand: a cross-sectional analysis. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:325-343. [PMID: 32425104 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1766624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was applied to obtain factors associated with alcohol consumption since information among early adolescents in Thailand is limited. Data was collected from December 2016 to March 2017. A questionnaire was developed through a literature review and tested for validation and reliability. Multi-stage random sampling was used to recruit youths aged 10-14 years from Chonburi Province, Thailand. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Chi-squared test, and multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the age of participants was 12.07 years (1.42) with 50.23% being male. In total, 10.94% reported drinking alcohol in the past 12 months. Current drinking in the past year was positively associated with older youths of 14 years of age (AOR = 5.34, 95% CI = 2.91-9.81) having a positive attitude toward alcohol consumption behavior (AOR = 4.18 95% CI = 3.36-5.21), direct observation of friends' drinking (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI = 3.32-5.32), direct observation of villagers/community members' drinking (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.15- 3.48), adolescents whose parents stored alcohol at home (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.06-1.55), and being exposed to alcohol advertising (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI =1.16-2.23). The factor most inversely associated with current drinking appears to be male gender (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI =0.64-0.94). Strategies for delaying and reducing drinking among early adolescents should accompany these risk factors into any preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Peremans
- University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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Hendriks H, Wilmsen D, van Dalen W, Gebhardt WA. Picture Me Drinking: Alcohol-Related Posts by Instagram Influencers Popular Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2991. [PMID: 32038379 PMCID: PMC6987445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that young people post a lot of alcohol-related posts (i.e., alcoholposts) on social media and these posts have been shown to increase drinking behaviors. Because social influencers (i.e., individuals with the potential to influence large audiences on social media) may have a strong influence on young people, it is important to know whether and how often they post about alcohol. Furthermore, because by using influencers alcohol brands may have found a way to circumvent regulations that prohibit advertising for minors, it is important to understand whether alcohol brands are visible in influencers’ posts and whether influencers use disclosures (e.g., “#ad”) to notify viewers. In a content analysis of Instagram posts of 178 popular influencers, we investigated: (1) how many and how often influencers post about alcohol, (2) what type of influencers post about alcohol, (3) what the characteristics of influencers’ alcoholposts are, and (4) to what extent these alcoholposts are commercialized (e.g., by showing brands and sponsorship disclosures). Results showed four main findings. (1) The majority of influencers (i.e., 63.5%) posted about alcohol recently. (2) Alcoholposts were positive, showed a social context, and were mostly posted by lifestyle influencers. (3) Although a fair amount of alcoholposts (19.5%) showed a clear alcohol brand, only a few of these posts disclosed this as an advertisement, and even fewer gave an educational slogan (i.e., “#no18noalcohol”). (4) Posts with sponsorship disclosures yielded fewer likes and comments than posts without such disclosures. A post hoc additional study that focused solely on minors confirmed these conclusions. These findings suggest that there is a lot to be concerned about in this context, especially since many minors can be exposed to influencers’ alcoholposts, potentially leading to increased drinking among this vulnerable age group. We therefore advice future researchers to further investigate this topic, and propose that legislation for alcohol advertising needs to be adjusted to account for the context of social networking sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Hendriks
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danii Wilmsen
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Dalen
- Dutch Institute for Alcohol Policy STAP, Utrecht, Netherlands.,European Centre for Monitoring Alcohol Marketing, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Winifred A Gebhardt
- Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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25
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Atkinson EA, Finn PR. Sex Differences in Trait Anxiety's Association with Alcohol Problems in Emerging Adults: The Influence of Symptoms of Depression and Borderline Personality. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019; 24:323-328. [PMID: 31768128 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1572800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and internalizing psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression, has been well documented. However, most studies of the association between alcohol problems and anxiety, and do not simultaneously consider depression or borderline personality, which covary strongly with both anxiety symptoms and AUDs. The current study examined sex differences in the association between alcohol problems and anxiety, while accounting for depressive and borderline personality (BPD) symptoms. METHOD A sample 810 (364 females) young adults aged 18-30 recruited from the community, who varied widely in lifetime alcohol problems, were administered diagnostic interviews and measures of a trait anxiety, depression, and BPD symptoms. RESULTS Analyses revealed that trait anxiety, depression, and borderline symptoms were all significantly associated with higher lifetime alcohol problems in both males and females. However, the association between trait anxiety and alcohol problems was significantly stronger for males compared with females, even when controlling for depression and BPD symptoms. There were no significant sex differences in the association between alcohol problems and symptoms of either depression or BPD symptoms. CONCLUSION This suggests specific sex differences in the mechanisms by which trait anxiety is associated with alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University- Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Peter R Finn
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University- Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
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26
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Varlinskaya EI, Hosová D, Towner T, Werner DF, Spear LP. Effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during early and late adolescence on anxiety-like behaviors and behavioral flexibility in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112292. [PMID: 31626849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although both humans and laboratory rodents demonstrate cognitive and affective alterations associated with adolescent alcohol exposure, it is still unknown whether the consequences of early initiation of alcohol use differ from those of later binge drinking within the adolescent developmental period. The present study was designed to assess the effects of early and late AIE on (1) anxiety-like behavior under social (modified social interaction test) and non-social test circumstances (modified light/dark box test, elevated plus maze), and (2) behavioral flexibility, indexed via set shifting in males and females. Early-mid adolescent intermittent exposure (early AIE) occurred between postnatal days (P) 25 and 45, whereas late adolescent intermittent exposure (late AIE) was conducted between P45 and P65, with behavioral testing initiated not earlier than 25 days after repeated exposure to ethanol (4.0 g/kg intragastrically, every other day for a total of 11 exposures). Anxiety-like behavior on the EPM was evident in males and females following early AIE, whereas only males demonstrated non-social anxiety on the EPM following late AIE. Social anxiety-like alterations and deficits in behavioral flexibility were evident only in males following early AIE. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate a particular vulnerability of young adolescent males to long-lasting detrimental effects of repeated ethanol and an insensitivity of older adolescent females to the intermittent ethanol exposure paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Varlinskaya
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Dominika Hosová
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Trevor Towner
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - David F Werner
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
| | - Linda P Spear
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
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Parameswaran G. The social historical roots of the concept of emerging adulthood and its impact on early adults. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0959354319876985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adults between the ages of 18 and 25 live in an era of economic and social uncertainty. Outsourcing, automation, and decreased governmental social spending have led to lowered living standards for youth; they frequently change jobs, are more likely to live with other people and have few benefits attached to their employment thereby prohibiting them from thinking about their long-term goals. The bio-psychological sciences have responded by offering a new life stage that they call emerging adulthood (EA). The new characterization disempowers youth and naturalizes their new uncertainties as a biological condition. This article argues that the stage offers little new insight about the experiences of youth and limits individual empowerment. In addition, such a conceptualization of youth is indicative of the narrow range of possibilities for adulthood in a post-industrial world that offers few pathways to get there.
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Murata Y, Finkelstein DB, Lamborg CH, Finkelstein ME. Tuna Consumption, Mercury Exposure, and Knowledge about Mercury Exposure Risk from Tuna Consumption in University Students. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1988-1994. [PMID: 31189023 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships among tuna consumption, hair mercury levels, and knowledge of mercury exposure risk from tuna consumption in university students that were offered tuna daily at university-run dining halls. Hair total mercury levels in tuna consumers were higher than those in non-tuna consumers (average = 0.466 µg/g ± 0.328 standard deviation [SD], n = 20 vs 0.110 µg/g ± 0.105 SD, n = 33, respectively; p < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test), with tuna eaters exhibiting a positive relationship between self-reported tuna consumption at dining halls and hair mercury levels (R2 = 0.868, p < 0.0001, n = 17, linear regression). For all tuna eaters surveyed, more than half (54%) self-reported eating ≥3 tuna meals/wk, potentially exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's reference dose for methylmercury of 0.1 µg/kg body weight/d. Seven percent of study participants reported they consumed >20 tuna meals/wk, which was related to hair mercury levels >1 µg/g, a level of concern. Study participants had an overall lack of knowledge and confidence in their knowledge about mercury exposure risk from tuna consumption, with >99% of participants reporting low knowledge and low confidence in survey answers. Our study highlights the importance of education about the risks of tuna consumption, particularly in institutional settings where individuals have unlimited access to tuna products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1988-1994. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Murata
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Carl H Lamborg
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Myra E Finkelstein
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Heavy episodic drinking in late adolescents: The role of theory of mind and conformity drinking motives. Addict Behav 2019; 96:18-25. [PMID: 31026674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking (HED) implies severe consequences for health, both in the short and long term. Peer conformity has shown contradictory relationships with HED, suggesting the presence of a complex interaction between social and individual factors. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the moderation role of conformity in the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and HED. METHOD Participants were 170 Italian adolescents (Mage = 18.71, SDage = 0.77) recruited in public high schools. Self-report measures were administered for evaluating drunkenness and HED. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire was used to assess three drinking motives, namely coping with negative emotions, enhancement of positive feelings, and the need for peer conformity, whereas the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was adopted to test advanced theory of mind skills. ANOVAs, MANOVAs and regression moderation analyses were performed. RESULTS Drunkenness, HED and drinking motives did not vary with gender. Only social motives were higher in boys (vs. girls). HED was positively related to drunkenness and to social, coping and enhancement motives. However, only enhancement significantly predicted HED. Finally, conformity moderated the relationship between ToM and HED. In the presence of high conformity, adolescents with impaired ToM reported significantly more HED than adolescents with high ToM. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of conformity needs, social cognition impairment appeared to be a risk factor for HED, whereas good socio-cognitive skills were protective. Implications for research, clinical assessment and prevention are discussed.
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30
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Perkins AE, Varlinskaya EI, Deak T. From adolescence to late aging: A comprehensive review of social behavior, alcohol, and neuroinflammation across the lifespan. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:231-303. [PMID: 31733665 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The passage of time dictates the pace at which humans and other organisms age but falls short of providing a complete portrait of how environmental, lifestyle and underlying biological processes contribute to senescence. Two fundamental features of the human experience that change dramatically across the lifespan include social interactions and, for many, patterns of alcohol consumption. Rodent models show great utility for understanding complex interactions among aging, social behavior and alcohol use and abuse, yet little is known about the neural changes in late aging that contribute to the natural decline in social behavior. Here, we posit that aging-related neuroinflammation contributes to the insipid loss of social motivation across the lifespan, an effect that is exacerbated by patterns of repeated alcohol consumption observed in many individuals. We provide a comprehensive review of (i) neural substrates crucial for the expression of social behavior under non-pathological conditions; (ii) unique developmental/lifespan vulnerabilities that may contribute to the divergent effects of low-and high-dose alcohol exposure; and (iii) aging-associated changes in neuroinflammation that may sit at the intersection between social processes and alcohol exposure. In doing so, we provide an overview of correspondence between lifespan/developmental periods between common rodent models and humans, give careful consideration to model systems used to aptly probe social behavior, identify points of coherence between human and animal models, and point toward a multitude of unresolved issues that should be addressed in future studies. Together, the combination of low-dose and high-dose alcohol effects serve to disrupt the normal development and maintenance of social relationships, which are critical for both healthy aging and quality of life across the lifespan. Thus, a more complete understanding of neural systems-including neuroinflammatory processes-which contribute to alcohol-induced changes in social behavior will provide novel opportunities and targets for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Perkins
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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Choi S, Biello KB, Bazzi AR, Drainoni ML. Age differences in emergency department utilization and repeat visits among patients with opioid use disorder at an urban safety-net hospital: A focus on young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 200:14-18. [PMID: 31071494 PMCID: PMC6588461 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) among young adults from ages 18 to 25 years is increasing in the United States. Emergency departments (EDs) are recognized as major sources of care for patients with OUD, but questions remain about ED utilization among this population. We examined the demographics and ED utilization patterns at an urban safety-net hospital with a focus on young adults to inform intervention development. METHODS We extracted demographic and clinical data from electronic medical records of patients ages 18 to 64 years diagnosed with OUD between 2013 and 2017. Descriptive statistics were assessed, including race/ethnicity, sex, insurance, other substance use disorder and mental health diagnoses, and ED utilization patterns by age group. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to analyze the associations between age and ED utilization patterns. RESULTS Among 12,025 OUD patients in the sample, 30% had an ED visit with a primary diagnosis of OUD. Among those who had an ED visit, 48% had at least one additional ED visit within a year. The probability of ED visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:5.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]:4.14-6.13) and repeat ED visits (AOR:3.28; CI:2.53-4.26) were significantly higher among young adults (18-25 years) compared to the oldest age group (56-64 years). CONCLUSIONS Compared to older adults, young adults with OUD are more likely to use the ED and to have repeat ED visits. The identification of youth-tailored interventions in the ED within broader efforts to address the opioid epidemic should be an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugy Choi
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie B Biello
- Departments of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela R Bazzi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari-Lynn Drainoni
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Evans Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, ENRM VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.
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Weafer J, Crane NA, Gorka SM, Phan KL, de Wit H. Neural correlates of inhibition and reward are negatively associated. Neuroimage 2019; 196:188-194. [PMID: 30974242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with impulsive and addictive disorders, including drug addiction, binge eating/obesity, and problem gambling, exhibit both impaired control over behavior and heightened sensitivity to reward. However, it is not known whether such deviation in inhibitory and reward circuitry among clinical populations is a cause or consequence of the disorders. Recent evidence suggests that these constructs may be related at the neural level, and together, increase risk for engaging in maladaptive behaviors. The current study examined the degree to which brain function during inhibition relates to brain function during receipt of reward in healthy young adults who have not yet developed problem behaviors. Participants completed the stop signal task to assess inhibitory control and the doors task to assess reactivity to monetary reward (win vs loss) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activation during response inhibition was negatively correlated with brain activation during reward. Specifically, less brain activation in right prefrontal regions during inhibition, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, was associated with greater brain activation in left ventral striatum during receipt of monetary reward. Moreover, these associations were stronger in binge drinkers compared to non-binge drinkers. These findings suggest that the systems are related even before the onset of impulsive or addictive disorders. As such, it is possible that the association between inhibitory and reward circuitry may be a prospective marker of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Medical Center, 802 S. Seeley Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Chhoa KH, Zakaria H, Abd Rahman FN. Problematic alcohol use and depression in secondary school students in Miri, Malaysia. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:284-292. [PMID: 30636372 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption in the under-aged is one of the main concerns regarding Malaysian adolescents. There is no previous study on problematic alcohol use (PAU) in adolescents in Sarawak. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PAU, its associated variables and its relationship with depression. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 327 secondary school students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Children's Depression Inventory, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between the different variables. RESULTS A total of 42.2% of adolescents had PAU. Urban adolescents had a higher prevalence compared with rural adolescents (OR, 1.612; 95% CI: 1.036-2.508 P = 0.034). Female adolescents (56.8%) and Bumiputera Sarawak adolescents (76.8%) comprised a large proportion of the respondents with PAU. Cultural norm (78.3%) and curiosity (68.1%) were the two main reasons for PAU. Only family history of alcohol use (OR, 2.273; 95% CI: 1.013-5.107; P = 0.047), ever consumed alcohol (OR, 57.585; 95% CI: 21.885-151.525; P < 0.001) and ever consumed beer (OR, 2.564; 95% CI: 1.032-6.372; P = 0.043) were significantly associated with PAU. The prevalence of depression was 21.4%. A significant relationship between PAU and depression was seen (OR, 2.557; 95% CI: 1.479-4.420; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of PAU in adolescents in Miri, Malaysia. More effort is needed to implement policies for this vulnerable group, with collaboration between agencies to ensure their mental and physical wellbeing and prevent a negative impact later. Clinicians should be more vigilant in detecting depression in adolescents with PAU to enable early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Hong Chhoa
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Limbang Hospital, Limbang, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hazli Zakaria
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairuz Nazri Abd Rahman
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Soundararajan S, Narayanan G, Agrawal A, Prabhakaran D, Murthy P. Relation between age at first alcohol drink & adult life drinking patterns in alcohol-dependent patients. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:606-611. [PMID: 29512602 PMCID: PMC5861471 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1363_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Age at first drink has its influence on later life drinking patterns. The association between age at first drink and adult alcohol consumption has not been studied in clinical population. This study was aimed to determine the age at first drink and its correlation with adult life drinking patterns in alcohol-dependent patients. Methods: Adult participants with alcohol dependence were included from the inpatient and outpatient wards of a tertiary care de-addiction facility in India. Questionnaires administered were National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism-Quantity Frequency for alcohol and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence for tobacco. Results: Of the 99 participants (92% males) with mean age 37±8.36 yr, mean age at first drink was 21.14±5.33 yr. After controlling for age, satisfaction with life scores and smoking, age at first drink showed a significant negative correlation with drinking days per week (r=-0.259, P=0.012), typical drink per day (r=-0.218, P=0.035) and maximum drinks in the previous month/year (r=-0.233, -0.223 and P=0.024, 0.031, respectively). Interpretation & conclusions: Our study suggested that earlier age of first drink correlated with chronic heavy drinking patterns in later adult life in alcohol-dependent patients. This may have implications for alcohol control policies determining the age for legal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya Soundararajan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gitanjali Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Kremer P, Crooks N, Rowland B, Hall J, Toumbourou JW. Underage alcohol sales in community sporting clubs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:879-886. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kremer
- Centre for Sport Research; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | | | - Bosco Rowland
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Jessica Hall
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
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Park S, Kim MS. An event-related potential study of spatial working memory in binge drinking college students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203696. [PMID: 30199547 PMCID: PMC6130867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) and a modified spatial 2-back task to investigate spatial working memory in binge drinking (BD) college students. Based on the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ) scores, participants were assigned into BD (n = 25) and non-BD (n = 25) groups. The modified spatial 2-back task includes congruent, incongruent, and lure conditions and participants are required to respond as rapidly and accurately as possible to the congruent stimuli but not to the incongruent and lure stimuli. The BD and non-BD groups exhibited comparable performances on the spatial 2-back task but the BD group showed significantly larger P3 amplitudes than the non-BD group. Additionally, the non-BD group showed larger P3 amplitudes in response to the congruent stimuli compared to the incongruent and lure stimuli whereas the P3 amplitudes in the BD group did not differ significantly among the three conditions. These results indicate that the BD individuals exerted greater effort to maintain performance levels comparable to non-BD individuals and that they were less efficient in differentiating or allocating attentional resources between relevant and irrelevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Park
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Moore RS, Gilder DA, Grube JW, Lee JP, Geisler JA, Friese B, Calac DJ, Finan LJ, Ehlers CL. Prevention of Underage Drinking on California Indian Reservations Using Individual- and Community-Level Approaches. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:1035-1041. [PMID: 29927644 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate combined individual- and community-level interventions to reduce underage drinking by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youths on rural California Indian reservations. METHODS Individual-level interventions included brief motivational interviewing and psychoeducation for Tribal youths. Community-level interventions included community mobilization and awareness activities, as well as restricting alcohol sales to minors. To test effects, we compared 7 waves of California Healthy Kids Survey data (2002-2015) for 9th- and 11th-grade AI/AN and non-AI/AN students in intervention area schools with California AI/AN students outside the intervention area (n = 617, n = 33 469, and n = 976, respectively). RESULTS Pre- to postintervention mean past 30-day drinking frequency declined among current drinkers in the intervention group (8.4-6.3 days) relative to comparison groups. Similarly, heavy episodic drinking frequency among current drinkers declined in the intervention group (7.0-4.8 days) versus the comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS This study documented significant, sustained past 30-day drinking or heavy episodic drinking frequency reductions among AI/AN 9th- and 11th-grade current drinkers in rural California Indian reservation communities exposed to multilevel interventions. Public Health Implications. Multilevel community-partnered interventions can effectively reduce underage alcohol use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland S Moore
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - David A Gilder
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Joel W Grube
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Jennifer A Geisler
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Bettina Friese
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Daniel J Calac
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Laura J Finan
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Roland S. Moore, Joel W. Grube, Juliet P. Lee, Bettina Friese, and Laura J. Finan are with Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. David A. Gilder and Cindy L. Ehlers are with the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Jennifer A. Geisler was with and Daniel J. Calac is with the Southern California Tribal Health Center
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Mooney SM, Varlinskaya EI. Enhanced sensitivity to socially facilitating and anxiolytic effects of ethanol in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats following acute prenatal ethanol exposure. Alcohol 2018; 69:25-32. [PMID: 29571047 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that deficits in social functioning and social anxiety are associated with adolescent alcohol use. Our previous research has shown that acute exposure to a high dose of ethanol on gestational day (G) 12 produces social alterations in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats. The present study assessed whether these social alterations can affect sensitivity to acute ethanol challenge during adolescence. Pregnant females were exposed intraperitoneally (i.p.) to ethanol (2.5 g/kg followed by 1.25 g/kg in 2 h) or saline on G12, and their male and female offspring were tested on postnatal day (P) 42. Rats were challenged i.p. with one of four ethanol doses (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/kg), and their social behavior was assessed in a modified social interaction test. Social alterations associated with prenatal ethanol exposure and indexed via decreases of social investigation, social preference, and play fighting were evident in males and females challenged with the 0 g/kg ethanol dose. Acute ethanol increased social investigation, social preference, and play fighting in animals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In contrast, rats prenatally exposed to saline, showing no social facilitation, demonstrated significant ethanol-induced (0.75 and 1.0 g/kg) decreases in social behavior. Given that late adolescents demonstrating social alterations induced by prenatal ethanol exposure become sensitive to the socially anxiolytic as well as socially facilitating effects of acute ethanol, it is possible that the attractiveness of ethanol to these adolescents may be based on its ability to alleviate anxiety under social circumstances and facilitate interactions with peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Mooney
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on locomotor activity in ethanol-treated HIV-1 transgenic rats. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:88-97. [PMID: 29260441 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking affects the onset and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurological disorders. The HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rat was created with a gag- and pol-deleted HIV-1 viral genome to mimic HIV-infected patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a marine compound that modulates inflammatory responses. Using HIV-1Tg rats subjected to binge exposure to ethanol (EtOH), this study examined whether DHA could reduce the detrimental neurological effects of EtOH and HIV proteins. Young adult male HIV-1Tg and F344 control rats received 4 mL/kg/day saline as a control (Saline group), 20 mg/kg/day DHA (DHA group), 4.8 g/kg/day 52% w/v EtOH (EtOH group), or 4.8 g/kg/day 52% w/v EtOH and 20 mg/kg/d DHA (DHA + EtOH group) by gavage for 5 weeks (n = 6 per group). EtOH was administrated on days 5, 6, and 7 of each week. Locomotor activity (LMA) was assessed using open field tests before and 45, 90, 135, and 180 min after each treatment. Repeated binge EtOH exposure gradually decreased LMA measured before daily treatments in HIV-1Tg and F344 rats, an effect that was reversed by DHA only in the HIV-1Tg rats. Decreased LMA of rats after treatment and under the influence of EtOH was less pronounced, and the reversal effect of DHA did not reach statistical significance. The plasma endotoxin level was significantly higher in HIV-1Tg rats than in F344 rats. IL-6 and IL-18 expression in the striatum was significantly higher in the HIV-1Tg EtOH group than in the F344 EtOH group. DHA significantly decreased the high levels of IL-6, IL-18, and NF-κB expression observed in the HIV-1Tg EtOH group. DHA appears to ameliorate inflammation and consequently lessen the reductions in LMA produced by the combination of EtOH and HIV-1 viral proteins.
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Weafer J, Gray JC, Hernandez K, Palmer AA, MacKillop J, de Wit H. Hierarchical investigation of genetic influences on response inhibition in healthy young adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:512-520. [PMID: 29251981 PMCID: PMC5737791 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor inhibitory control is a known risk factor for substance use disorders, making it a priority to identify the determinants of these deficits. The aim of the current study was to identify genetic associations with inhibitory control using the stop signal task in a large sample (n = 934) of healthy young adults of European ancestry. We genotyped the subjects genome-wide and then used a hierarchical approach in which we tested seven a priori single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with stop signal task performance, approximately 9,000 SNPs designated as high-value addiction (HVA) markers by the SmokeScreen array, and approximately five million genotyped and imputed SNPs, followed by a gene-based association analysis using the resultant p values. A priori SNP analyses revealed nominally significant associations between response inhibition and one locus in HTR2A (rs6313; p = .04, dominance model, uncorrected) in the same direction as prior findings. A nominally significant association was also found in one locus in ANKK1 (rs1800497; p = .03, uncorrected), although in the opposite direction of previous reports. After accounting for multiple comparisons, the HVA, genome-wide, and gene-based analyses yielded no significant findings. This study implicates variation in serotonergic and dopaminergic genes while underscoring the difficulty of detecting the influence of individual SNPs, even when biological information is used to prioritize testing. Although such small effect sizes suggest limited utility of individual SNPs in predicting risk for addiction or other impulse control disorders, they may nonetheless shed light on complex biological processes underlying poor inhibitory control. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago
| | - Joshua C. Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
| | | | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University,Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health Centre
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago,Corresponding author: Harriet de Wit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC 3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, Phone: 773-702-1537, Fax: 773-834-7698,
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Arria AM, Jernigan DH. Addressing College Drinking as a Statewide Public Health Problem: Key Findings From the Maryland Collaborative. Health Promot Pract 2017; 19:303-313. [PMID: 28582999 DOI: 10.1177/1524839917711399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive drinking among college students is a serious and pervasive public health problem. Although much research attention has focused on developing and evaluating evidence-based practices to address college drinking, adoption has been slow. The Maryland Collaborative to Reduce College Drinking and Related Problems was established in 2012 to bring together a network of institutions of higher education in Maryland to collectively address college drinking by using both individual-level and environmental-level evidence-based approaches. In this article, the authors describe the findings of this multilevel, multicomponent statewide initiative. To date, the Maryland Collaborative has succeeded in providing a forum for colleges to share knowledge and experiences, strengthen existing strategies, and engage in a variety of new activities. Administration of an annual student survey has been useful for guiding interventions as well as evaluating progress toward the Maryland Collaborative's goal to measurably reduce high-risk drinking and its radiating consequences on student health, safety, and academic performance and on the communities surrounding college campuses. The experiences of the Maryland Collaborative exemplify real-world implementation of evidence-based approaches to reduce this serious public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- 1 University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David H Jernigan
- 2 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Beckman L, Svensson M, Geidne S, Eriksson C. Effects on alcohol use of a Swedish school-based prevention program for early adolescents: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:2. [PMID: 28049504 PMCID: PMC5209812 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to address the lack of evaluations of school-based substance use prevention programs and to conduct a quasi-experimental evaluation of the alcohol use part of the Triad intervention. METHODS Eleven Swedish intervention schools (285 pupils) and three control schools (159 pupils) participated in the evaluation. Baseline measurements were conducted in 2011 before the alcohol part in the prevention program was implemented in the intervention schools (school year 6, ages 12-13). We estimated an Intention-To-Treat (ITT) Difference-in-Difference (DD) model to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention on subsequent alcohol use measured in grades 7, 8 and 9. RESULTS The main results show no effect on the likelihood of drinking alcohol or drinking to intoxication. CONCLUSIONS The lack of positive effects highlights the need for policy-makers and public health officials need to carefully consider and evaluate prevention programs in order to ensure that they are worthwhile from school, health, and societal perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Beckman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 65188, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Health Metrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18G, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Geidne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Charli Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
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Rao YS, Pak TR. microRNAs and the adolescent brain: Filling the knowledge gap. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:313-322. [PMID: 27328787 PMCID: PMC5074866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over two decades ago the discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) broadened our understanding of the diverse molecular pathways mediating post-transcriptional control over gene expression. These small non-coding RNAs dynamically fluctuate, temporally and spatially, throughout the lifespan of all organisms. The fundamental role that miRNAs have in shaping embryonic neurodevelopment provides strong evidence that adolescent brain remodeling could be rooted in the changing miRNA landscape of the cell. Few studies have directly measured miRNA gene expression changes in the brain across pubertal development, and even less is known about the functional impact of those miRNAs on the maturational processes that occur in the developing adolescent brain. This review summarizes miRNA biogenesis and function in the brain in the context of normal (i.e. not diseased) physiology. These landmark studies can guide predictions about the role of miRNAs in facilitating maturation of the adolescent brain. However, there are clear indicators that adolescence/puberty is a unique life stage, suggesting miRNA function during adolescence is distinct from those in any other previously described system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yathindar S Rao
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, United States
| | - Toni R Pak
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, United States.
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Varlinskaya EI, Kim EU, Spear LP. Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence: Effects on stress-induced social alterations and social drinking in adulthood. Brain Res 2016; 1654:145-156. [PMID: 27048754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed lasting and sex-specific detrimental consequences of early adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure (AIE), with male, but not female, rats showing social anxiety-like alterations when tested as adults. The present study used Sprague Dawley rats to assess whether social alterations induced by AIE (3.5g/kg, intragastrically, every other day, between postnatal days [P] 25-45) are further exacerbated by stressors later in life. Another aim was to determine whether AIE alone or in combination with stress influenced intake of a sweetened ethanol solution (Experiment 1) or a sweetened solution ("supersac") alone (Experiment 2) under social circumstances. Animals were exposed to restraint on P66-P70 (90min/day) or left nonstressed, with corticosterone (CORT) levels assessed on day 1 and day 5 in Experiment 2. Social anxiety-like behavior emerged after AIE in non-stressed males, but not females, whereas stress-induced social anxiety was evident only in water-exposed males and females. Adult-typical habituation of the CORT response to repeated restraint was not evident in adult animals after AIE, a lack of habituation reminiscent of that normally evident in adolescents. Neither AIE nor stress affected ethanol intake under social circumstances, although AIE and restraint independently increased adolescent-typical play fighting in males during social drinking. Among males, the combination of AIE and restraint suppressed "supersac" intake; this index of depression-like behavior was not seen in females. The results provide experimental evidence associating adolescent alcohol exposure, later stress, anxiety, and depression, with young adolescent males being particularly vulnerable to long-lasting adverse effects of repeated ethanol. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Adolescent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Varlinskaya
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Esther U Kim
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Linda P Spear
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Bell RL, Hauser S, Rodd ZA, Liang T, Sari Y, McClintick J, Rahman S, Engleman EA. A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 126:179-261. [PMID: 27055615 PMCID: PMC4851471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral findings from the alcohol-preferring P rat and summarize similar past work. Behaviorally, the focus will be on how the P rat meets criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism with a highlight on its use as an animal model of polysubstance abuse, including alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulants. Pharmacologically and genetically, the focus will be on the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that have received the most attention: cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, corticotrophin releasing hormone, opioid, and neuropeptide Y. Herein, we sought to place the P rat's behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes, and to some extent its genotype, in the context of the clinical literature. After reviewing the findings thus far, this chapter discusses future directions for expanding the use of this genetic animal model of alcoholism to identify molecular targets for treating drug addiction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - S Hauser
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Z A Rodd
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - T Liang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Y Sari
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - J McClintick
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - E A Engleman
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Marino EN, Fromme K. Early Onset Drinking Predicts Greater Level But Not Growth of Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Beyond the Effect of Binge Drinking During Emerging Adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:599-605. [PMID: 26853696 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset drinking is associated with later heavy drinking and related consequences. Early drinking onset and binge drinking are also independently associated with blackouts, which are periods of amnesia for events during a drinking episode. The objective of this study was to examine how early onset drinking relates to changes in the frequency of experiencing blackouts across 3 years controlling for year-specific binge drinking. METHODS Participants (N = 1,145; 67.9% female) from a 6-year, longitudinal study are included in these analyses. Measures of self-reported age at drinking onset included ages at first drink, first high, and first drunk, which were used to create a latent early onset drinking factor. Frequency of binge drinking and blackouts were assessed annually during Years 4 to 6. RESULTS Overall, 69.2% of participants reported experiencing blackouts. After controlling for year-specific binge drinking, a growth curve model indicated that early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts at Year 4. There were, however, no significant effects of acceleration or deceleration in the frequency of blackouts across the 3 years. Early onset drinkers continued to experience more frequent blackouts compared with those who initiated alcohol use later, despite decreases in binge drinking over time. CONCLUSIONS Early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts across all 3 years, indicating that early alcohol initiation predisposes those individuals to continue to experience more frequent blackouts, despite a decrease in their binge drinking. This may be due to various factors, such as altered hippocampal development and functioning resulting from early alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Marino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Scholz A, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Garcia de la Hera M, Gimenez-Monzo D, Gonzalez-Palacios S, Valera-Gran D, Torres-Collado L, Vioque J. Alcohol consumption and Mediterranean Diet adherence among health science students in Spain: the DiSA-UMH Study. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 30:126-32. [PMID: 26655205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between consumption of different alcoholic beverages and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of the baseline data of the DiSA-UMH study, an ongoing cohort study with Spanish health science students (n=1098) aged 17-35 years. Dietary information was collected by a validated 84-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants were grouped into non-drinkers, exclusive beer and/or wine drinkers and drinkers of all types of alcoholic beverages. Mediterranean diet adherence was determined by using a modification of the relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED; score range: 0-16) according to consumption of 8 dietary components. We performed multiple linear and multinomial regression analyses. RESULTS The mean alcohol consumption was 4.3g/day (SD: 6.1). A total of 19.5%, 18.9% and 61.6% of the participants were non-drinkers, exclusive beer and/or wine drinkers and drinkers of all types of alcoholic beverages, respectively. Participants who consumed beer and/or wine exclusively had higher rMED scores than non-drinkers (β: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.25-1.27). Drinkers of all types of alcoholic beverages had similar rMED scores to non-drinkers. Non-drinkers consumed less fish and more meat, whereas drinkers of all types of alcoholic beverages consumed fewer fruits, vegetables and more meat than exclusive beer and/or wine drinkers. CONCLUSIONS The overall alcohol consumption among the students in our study was low-to-moderate. Exclusive beer and/or wine drinkers differed regarding the Mediterranean diet pattern from non-drinkers and drinkers of all types of alcohol. These results show the need to properly adjust for diet in studies of the effects of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scholz
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Manuela Garcia de la Hera
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Daniel Gimenez-Monzo
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Desirée Valera-Gran
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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48
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Varlinskaya EI, Truxell E, Spear LP. Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence: effects on social behavior and ethanol sensitivity in adulthood. Alcohol 2014; 48:433-44. [PMID: 24928792 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed long-lasting consequences of repeated ethanol exposure during two different periods of adolescence on 1) baseline levels of social investigation, play fighting, and social preference and 2) sensitivity to the social consequences of acute ethanol challenge. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were tested 25 days after repeated exposure to ethanol (3.5 g/kg intragastrically [i.g.], every other day for a total of 11 exposures) in a modified social interaction test. Early-mid adolescent intermittent exposure (e-AIE) occurred between postnatal days (P) 25 and 45, whereas late adolescent intermittent exposure (l-AIE) was conducted between P45 and P65. Significant decreases in social investigation and social preference were evident in adult male rats, but not their female counterparts following e-AIE, whereas neither males nor females demonstrated these alterations following l-AIE. In contrast, both e-AIE and l-AIE produced alterations in sensitivity to acute ethanol challenge in males tested 25 days after adolescent exposure. Ethanol-induced facilitation of social investigation and play fighting, reminiscent of that normally seen during adolescence, was evident in adult males after e-AIE, whereas control males showed an age-typical inhibition of social behavior. Males after l-AIE were found to be insensitive to the socially suppressing effects of acute ethanol challenge, suggesting the development of chronic tolerance in these animals. In contrast, females showed little evidence for alterations in sensitivity to acute ethanol challenge following either early or late AIE. The results of the present study demonstrate a particular vulnerability of young adolescent males to long-lasting detrimental effects of repeated ethanol. Retention of adolescent-typical sensitivity to the socially facilitating effects of ethanol could potentially make ethanol especially appealing to these males, therefore promoting relatively high levels of ethanol intake later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Varlinskaya
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, State University of New York, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Eric Truxell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, State University of New York, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Linda P Spear
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, State University of New York, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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49
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Manickam MA, Abdul Mutalip MHB, Hamid HABA, Bt Kamaruddin R, Sabtu MYB. Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Cofactors Associated With Alcohol Consumption Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2014; 26:91S-9S. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539514542194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is deleterious to physical and mental health as well as social well-being. This study aims to examine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and factors associated with its use among school-going Malaysian adolescents. The Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2012 employed 2-stage clustering design to Malaysian secondary school respondents aged 12 to 17 years. The prevalence of current alcohol usage was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8-10.07) overall, 11.2% (95% CI: 9.80-12.80) among males, and 23.4 (95% CI: 21.40-25.50) among Chinese students. Multivariate logistic regression showed that adolescents who had used alcohol were more likely to have used substance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.39; 95% CI: 2.33-4.99), experienced injury (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20-1.95), and engaged in sexual behaviors (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12-1.79), and fights (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.41). The current national policies on alcohol should be strengthened to curb alcohol consumption among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala A. Manickam
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Lu YL, Richardson HN. Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: a proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction. Neuroscience 2014; 277:139-51. [PMID: 24998895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to alcohol produces changes in the prefrontal cortex that are thought to contribute to the development and maintenance of alcoholism. A large body of literature suggests that stress hormones play a critical role in this process. Here we review the bi-directional relationship between alcohol and stress hormones, and discuss how alcohol acutely stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and induces enduring modifications to neuroendocrine stress circuits during the transition from non-dependent drinking to alcohol dependence. We propose a pathway by which alcohol and stress hormones elicit neuroadaptive changes in prefrontal circuitry that could contribute functionally to a dampened neuroendocrine state and the increased propensity to relapse-a spiraling trajectory that could eventually lead to dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lu
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - H N Richardson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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