1
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McMenamy MJ, McKenna R, Bailie VB, Cunningham B, Jeffers A, McCullough K, Forsythe C, Cuartero LG, Flynn O, Byrne C, Connaghan E, Moriarty J, Fanning J, Ronan S, Barrett D, Fusaro A, Monne I, Terregino C, James J, Byrne AMP, Lean FZX, Núñez A, Reid SM, Hansen R, Brown IH, Banyard AC, Lemon K. Evaluating the Impact of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H6N1 Outbreaks in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland Poultry Farms during 2020. Viruses 2024; 16:1147. [PMID: 39066308 PMCID: PMC11281592 DOI: 10.3390/v16071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In January 2020, increased mortality was reported in a small broiler breeder flock in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Gross pathological findings included coelomitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, visceral gout, splenomegaly, and renomegaly. Clinical presentation included inappetence, pronounced diarrhoea, and increased egg deformation. These signs, in combination with increased mortality, triggered a notifiable avian disease investigation. High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was not suspected, as mortality levels and clinical signs were not consistent with HPAIV. Laboratory investigation demonstrated the causative agent to be a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV), subtype H6N1, resulting in an outbreak that affected 15 premises in Northern Ireland. The H6N1 virus was also associated with infection on 13 premises in the Republic of Ireland and six in Great Britain. The close genetic relationship between the viruses in Ireland and Northern Ireland suggested a direct causal link whereas those in Great Britain were associated with exposure to a common ancestral virus. Overall, this rapidly spreading outbreak required the culling of over 2 million birds across the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland to stamp out the incursion. This report demonstrates the importance of investigating LPAIV outbreaks promptly, given their substantial economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McMenamy
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Robyn McKenna
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Valerie B. Bailie
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Ben Cunningham
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Adam Jeffers
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Kelly McCullough
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Catherine Forsythe
- Disease Surveillance & Investigation Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Laura Garza Cuartero
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Orla Flynn
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Christina Byrne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Emily Connaghan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - June Fanning
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Ronan
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien Barrett
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice Fusaro
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alexander M. P. Byrne
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Fabian Z. X. Lean
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Scott M. Reid
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rowena Hansen
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ian H. Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
- Now the Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ashley C. Banyard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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2
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Lee CY. Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans. Viruses 2024; 16:1129. [PMID: 39066291 PMCID: PMC11281536 DOI: 10.3390/v16071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) has been a major cause of several pandemics, underscoring the importance of elucidating its transmission dynamics. This review investigates potential intermediate hosts in the cross-species transmission of IAV to humans, focusing on the factors that facilitate zoonotic events. We evaluate the roles of various animal hosts, including pigs, galliformes, companion animals, minks, marine mammals, and other animals, in the spread of IAV to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Untreatable Infectious Disease Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liang Z, Lin X, Sun L, Edwards KM, Song W, Sun H, Xie Y, Lin F, Ling S, Liang T, Xiao B, Wang J, Li M, Leung CY, Zhu H, Bhandari N, Varadarajan R, Levine MZ, Peiris M, Webster R, Dhanasekaran V, Leung NHL, Cowling BJ, Webby RJ, Ducatez M, Zanin M, Wong SS. A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics elicited durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5593. [PMID: 38961067 PMCID: PMC11222539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cases of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections are associated with an age-specific disease burden. As the influenza virus N2 neuraminidase (NA) gene was introduced from avian sources during the 1957 pandemic, we investigate the reactivity of N2 antibodies against A(H9N2) AIVs. Serosurvey of healthy individuals reveal the highest rates of AIV N2 antibodies in individuals aged ≥65 years. Exposure to the 1968 pandemic N2, but not recent N2, protected against A(H9N2) AIV challenge in female mice. In some older adults, infection with contemporary A(H3N2) virus could recall cross-reactive AIV NA antibodies, showing discernable human- or avian-NA type reactivity. Individuals born before 1957 have higher anti-AIV N2 titers compared to those born between 1957 and 1968. The anti-AIV N2 antibodies titers correlate with antibody titers to the 1957 N2, suggesting that exposure to the A(H2N2) virus contribute to this reactivity. These findings underscore the critical role of neuraminidase immunity in zoonotic and pandemic influenza risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaolan Liang
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kimberly M Edwards
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Xie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiman Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chin-Yu Leung
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University and The University of Hong Kong), Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Nisha Bhandari
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Min Z Levine
- US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robert Webster
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Interactions Hosts-Pathogens (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Mark Zanin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sook-San Wong
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qu W, Liang J, Tu C, Mai Q, Mai K, Feng P, Huang W, Lin Z, Hon C, Yang Z, Pan W. Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Infection, Guangdong Province, China, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:826-828. [PMID: 38526372 PMCID: PMC10977835 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2022, we assessed avian influenza A virus subtype H5N6 seroprevalence among the general population in Guangdong Province, China, amid rising numbers of human infections. Among the tested samples, we found 1 to be seropositive, suggesting that the virus poses a low but present risk to the general population.
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5
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Sandhu S, Ferrante C, MacCosham A, Atchessi N, Bancej C. Epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus, China and Laos: A multiple case descriptive analysis, February 2014-June 2023. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2024; 50:77-85. [PMID: 38655247 PMCID: PMC11037882 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v50i12a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background The first human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) virus was reported in 2014. From then until June 30, 2023, 85 human cases with confirmed A(H5N6) infection have been reported worldwide. Objective To address the present gap in knowledge of the overall epidemiology of human A(H5N6) infections, the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with A(H5N6) in China from February 2014 to June 2023 are described. Methods Considering the severity of human infections with A(H5N6) virus (case fatality rate: 39%), the increased frequency of case reports from 2021 to present day, and lack of comprehensive epidemiologic analysis of all cases, we conducted a multiple-case descriptive analysis and a literature review to create an epidemiologic profile of reported human cases. Case data was obtained via a literature search and using official intelligence sources captured by the Public Health Agency of Canada's International Monitoring and Assessment Tool (IMAT), including Event Information Site posts from the World Health Organization. Results Most human A(H5N6) cases have been reported from China (China: 84; Laos: 1), with severe health outcomes, including hospitalization and death, reported among at-risk populations. The majority (84%) of cases reported contact with birds prior to illness onset. Cases were detected throughout the course of the year, with a slight decrease in illness incidence in the warmer months. Conclusion As A(H5N6) continues to circulate and cause severe illness, surveillance and prompt information sharing is important for creating and implementing effective public health measures to reduce the likelihood of additional human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sandhu
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Christina Ferrante
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Aaron MacCosham
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Nicole Atchessi
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Christina Bancej
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
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6
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Riccò M, Baldassarre A, Ferraro P, Melodia P, Stocchi M, Magnavita N. SARS-CoV-2 infection in meat and poultry workers after the "first wave" (Summer 2020): a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) of Italian occupational physicians. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2023; 94:e2023244. [PMID: 38054688 PMCID: PMC10734241 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Italian Occupational Physicians (OPs) on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among meat/poultry processing plant workers (MPWs) (Summer season 2020). METHODS Data were collected through an online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, and items about COVID-19-related KAP in MPWs. A logistic regression was modelled in order to characterize explanatory variables of the outcome variable of having any professional experience as OP in meat/poultry processing industry. RESULTS A total of 424 OPs (mean age 49.0 ± 9.1years; 49.5% males) participated into the survey. Despite a generally good level of knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, OPs having professional experience with MPWs failed to recognize any increased risk for COVID-19 (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.162; 95% Confidence intervals [95%CI] 0.039-0.670), and were less likely to recommend periodical tests via nasal swabs (OR 0.168, 95%CI 0.047-0.605). On the contrary, they identified socioeconomic status of MPWs as a risk factor (OR 5.686, 95%CI 1.413-22.881), recommending cleaning interventions on changing rooms and canteens (OR 16.090, 95%CI 1.099-259.244). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we reported a diffuse underestimation of the risk for COVID-19, that was alarmingly higher among professionals who should be more familiar with the specific requirements of MPWs. Some significant knowledge gaps were also clearly identified, stressing the opportunity for tailored educative interventions (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Antonio Baldassarre
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università di Firenze, P.zza S.Marco, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Direzione Sanità, Italian Railways' Infrastructure Division, RFI SpA, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Melodia
- School of Public Health,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n.21,Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuel Stocchi
- School of Public Health,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n.21,Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Roma RM, Rome; Occupational Medicine, Department of Mother, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Yang J, Yan J, Zhang C, Li S, Yuan M, Zhang C, Shen C, Yang Y, Fu L, Xu G, Shi W, Ma Z, Luo TR, Bi Y. Genetic, biological and epidemiological study on a cluster of H9N2 avian influenza virus infections among chickens, a pet cat, and humans at a backyard farm in Guangxi, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2143282. [PMID: 36328956 PMCID: PMC9769140 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2143282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During an investigation in October 2018, two people with diarrhoea, mild abdominal pain, and mild arthralgia symptoms in Guangxi, China, were identified as infected by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Four H9N2 AIVs were isolated from one of two patients, a pet cat, and a dead chicken (two respective isolates from its lung and kidney tissues) bred by the patients at a backyard farm. Epidemiological investigation indicated that the newly bought chicken died first, and clinical syndromes appeared subsequently in the two owners and one cat. Furthermore, the two individuals possessed high H9N2-specific hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization antibodies. Shared nucleotide sequence identity (99.9% - 100%) for all genes was detected in the four H9N2 isolates, and hemagglutinin (HA) T138A located on the receptor binding domain (RBD), resulted from nucleotide polymorphisms that were exclusively found in the isolate from the female patient. Moreover, HA K137N on the RBD was found in isolates from these three host species. Importantly, these four H9N2 isolates presented an exclusive binding preference for the human-type receptor (α2-6-SA), and could replicate and cause pathological changes in mice. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these four isolates clustered together and belonged to clade C1.2, lineage Y280. In addition, H9N2 viruses of human origin are genetically divergent and interspersed with the widespread poultry-origin H9N2 AIVs. All these results indicate a high risk of H9N2 AIVs in public health, and effective prevention and control measures against H9N2 AIVs should be considered and performed for both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Medical College & College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanqin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manhua Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunge Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghai Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Medical College & College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Yuhai Bi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; Ting Rong Luo Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Medical College & College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Yuhai Bi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; Ting Rong Luo Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Medical College & College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, People's Republic of China
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Gao J, Wei J, Qin S, Liu S, Mo S, Long Q, Tan S, Lu N, Xie Z, Lin J. Exploring the global immune landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in H5N6-infected patient with single-cell transcriptomics. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:249. [PMID: 37853397 PMCID: PMC10585775 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses (AIV), particularly H5N6, have risen in infection frequency, prompting major concerns. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can illustrate the immune cell landscape present in the peripheral circulation of influenza H5N6-infected individuals at the single-cell level. This study attempted to employ scRNA-seq technology to map the potentially hidden single cell landscape of influenza H5N6. METHODS High-quality transcriptomes were generated from scRNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were taken from a critically-ill child diagnosed with H5N6 avian influenza infection and one healthy control donor. Cluster analysis was then performed on the scRNA-seq data to identify the different cell types. The pathways, pseudotime developmental trajectories and gene regulatory networks involved in different cell subpopulations were also explored. RESULTS In total, 3,248 single cell transcriptomes were captured by scRNA-seq from PBMC of the child infected with H5N6 avian influenza and the healthy control donor and further identified seven immune microenvironment cell types. In addition, a subsequent subpopulation analysis of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and CD4+ T cells revealed that subpopulations of ILC and CD4+ T cells were involved in cytokine and inflammation-related pathways and had significant involvement in the biological processes of oxidative stress and cell death. CONCLUSION In conclusion, characterizing the overall immune cell composition of H5N6-infected individuals by assessing the immune cell landscape in the peripheral circulation of H5N6 avian influenza-infected and healthy control donors at single-cell resolution provides key information for understanding H5N6 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Gao
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Simei Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuangyan Mo
- Department of Pediatrics, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shiji Tan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhouhua Xie
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China.
- Department of Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Jianyan Lin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530023, China.
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9
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Abdelwhab EM, Mettenleiter TC. Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts. Viruses 2023; 15:980. [PMID: 37112960 PMCID: PMC10145017 DOI: 10.3390/v15040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect a wide range of animals, including humans. From 1918 to 2009, there were four influenza pandemics, which caused millions of casualties. Frequent spillover of animal influenza viruses to humans with or without intermediate hosts poses a serious zoonotic and pandemic threat. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic overshadowed the high risk raised by animal influenza viruses, but highlighted the role of wildlife as a reservoir for pandemic viruses. In this review, we summarize the occurrence of animal influenza virus in humans and describe potential mixing vessel or intermediate hosts for zoonotic influenza viruses. While several animal influenza viruses possess a high zoonotic risk (e.g., avian and swine influenza viruses), others are of low to negligible zoonotic potential (e.g., equine, canine, bat and bovine influenza viruses). Transmission can occur directly from animals, particularly poultry and swine, to humans or through reassortant viruses in "mixing vessel" hosts. To date, there are less than 3000 confirmed human infections with avian-origin viruses and less than 7000 subclinical infections documented. Likewise, only a few hundreds of confirmed human cases caused by swine influenza viruses have been reported. Pigs are the historic mixing vessel host for the generation of zoonotic influenza viruses due to the expression of both avian-type and human-type receptors. Nevertheless, there are a number of hosts which carry both types of receptors and can act as a potential mixing vessel host. High vigilance is warranted to prevent the next pandemic caused by animal influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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10
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Ye B, Shu L, Pang Y, Guo Y, Guo Y, Zong K, Chen C, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu M, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Wang D, Bao C, Zhang J, Chen L, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Repeated influenza vaccination induces similar immune protection as first-time vaccination but with differing immune responses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13060. [PMID: 36271687 PMCID: PMC9835420 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent seasonal epidemics of influenza have been caused by human influenza A viruses of the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes and influenza B viruses. Annual vaccination is recommended to prevent infection; however, how annual influenza vaccination influences vaccine effectiveness is largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the impact of repeated vaccination on immune and protective effect, we performed a prospective seroepidemiologic study. Participants with or without prior vaccination (2018-2019) were enrolled during the 2019-2020 influenza season. Inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) was administered through the intramuscular route, and venous blood samples were collected regularly to test hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers. RESULTS The geometric mean titers and proportion with titers ≥40 against the influenza vaccine components peaked at 30 days post-vaccination. At Day 30, the geometric mean titer and proportion with titers ≥40 in participants who had been previously vaccinated were higher for H3N2 but similar for both B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) as compared with participants vaccinated for the first time. As for H1N1, the geometric mean titer was lower in repeated vaccinated participants, but the proportion with titers ≥40 was consistent in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Repeated vaccination provides similar or enhanced protection as compared with single vaccination in first-time vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiwei Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Liumei Shu
- Department of Health CareBeijing Daxing District HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Pang
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yaxin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Kexin Zong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Cong Chen
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xianzhi Zheng
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Maoshun Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoju Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Danni Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Dayan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Liling Chen
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - George F. Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)BeijingChina
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging VirusesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - William J. Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)BeijingChina
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging VirusesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Jin Y, Cui H, Jiang L, Zhang C, Li J, Cheng H, Chen Z, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Li J, Li L, Guo Z, Lu B, Wang Z. Evidence for human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus via environmental transmission inside live poultry market in Xiamen, China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28242. [PMID: 36261874 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has become prevalent in the live poultry market (LPM) worldwide, and environmental transmission mode is an important way for AIVs to infect human beings in the LPM. To find evidence of human infection with the influenza A(H9N2) virus via environmental contamination, we evaluated one human isolate and three environmental isolates inside LPMs in Xiamen, China. The phylogeny, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the four isolates were sorted out systematically. As for the H9N2 virus, which evolved alongside the "Avian-Environment-Human" spreading chain in LPMs from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2020, its overall efficiency of contact and aerosol transmissibility improved, which might contribute to the increasing probability of human infection. This study indicated that environmental exposure might act as an important source of human infection in LPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jin
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Jiang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Cheng
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Chen
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yidun Zhang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingying Fu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Bi Y, Li J, Shi W. The time is now: a call to contain H9N2 avian influenza viruses. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e804-e805. [PMID: 36115378 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Levine MZ, Holiday C, Bai Y, Zhong W, Liu F, Jefferson S, Gross FL, Tzeng WP, Fries L, Smith G, Boutet P, Friel D, Innis BL, Mallett CP, Davis CT, Wentworth DE, York IA, Stevens J, Katz JM, Tumpey T. Influenza A(H7N9) Pandemic Preparedness: Assessment of the Breadth of Heterologous Antibody Responses to Emerging Viruses from Multiple Pre-Pandemic Vaccines and Population Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1856. [PMID: 36366364 PMCID: PMC9694415 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H7N9) viruses remain as a high pandemic threat. The continued evolution of the A(H7N9) viruses poses major challenges in pandemic preparedness strategies through vaccination. We assessed the breadth of the heterologous neutralizing antibody responses against the 3rd and 5th wave A(H7N9) viruses using the 1st wave vaccine sera from 4 vaccine groups: 1. inactivated vaccine with 2.8 μg hemagglutinin (HA)/dose + AS03A; 2. inactivated vaccine with 5.75 μg HA/dose + AS03A; 3. inactivated vaccine with 11.5 μg HA/dose + MF59; and 4. recombinant virus like particle (VLP) vaccine with 15 μg HA/dose + ISCOMATRIX™. Vaccine group 1 had the highest antibody responses to the vaccine virus and the 3rd/5th wave drifted viruses. Notably, the relative levels of cross-reactivity to the drifted viruses as measured by the antibody GMT ratios to the 5th wave viruses were similar across all 4 vaccine groups. The 1st wave vaccines induced robust responses to the 3rd and Pearl River Delta lineage 5th wave viruses but lower cross-reactivity to the highly pathogenic 5th wave A(H7N9) virus. The population in the United States was largely immunologically naive to the A(H7N9) HA. Seasonal vaccination induced cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibition and binding antibodies to N9, but minimal cross-reactive antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies to A(H7N9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Z. Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Crystal Holiday
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Weimin Zhong
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Stacie Jefferson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - F. Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Wen-pin Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - C. Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ian A. York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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14
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Shenyu W, Xiaoqian D, Bo C, Xuan D, Zeng W, Hangjie Z, Qianhui Z, Zhenzhen L, Chuanfu Y, Juan Y, Gang Z, Huakun L. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) co-administered with an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: A randomized, open-label, controlled study in healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years in China. Vaccine 2022; 40:5356-5365. [PMID: 35933275 PMCID: PMC9343811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies are needed for evidence of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine co-administered with influenza vaccine. METHODS A randomized, open-label, controlled study was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. Eligible healthy adults aged 18-59 years underwent randomization at a ratio of 1:1:2 to receive inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) either concomitantly with the first (C1 subgroup) or the second (C2 subgroup) dose of CoronaVac, or 14 days after the first dose of CoronaVac (S group). The primary purpose of the study was to prove the non-inferiority in seroconversion rate of antibody against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Overall, 480 participants were enrolled, with 120, 120, and 240 randomly assigned to the C1, C2, and S groups, respectively. As lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference for the seroconversion rate of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was over -10%, the immune response for CoronaVac in the C group (93.1% [89.0, 96.0]) was non-inferior to that in the S group (95.2% [91.5, 97.6]) in the per-protocol set. A lower GMT of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the C group as compared to the S group (27.5 vs. 38.1, P = 0.0001). Decrease of immune response to CoronaVac was mainly observed in participants received IIV4 concomitantly with their second dose of CoronaVac (C2 subgroup), with a seroconversion rate of 89.7% (95CI: 82.6%-94.5%) and a GMT of 23.3. The occurrences of vaccine related adverse reactions were no more than 20% and comparable among different groups. Most of the adverse reactions were mild and moderate. CONCLUSION Co-administration of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine, especially the administration regimen that the seasonal influenza vaccine co-administered with the first dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, would be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shenyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | | | - Chen Bo
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Deng Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Wang Zeng
- Sinovac Biotech CO., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhang Hangjie
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zheng Qianhui
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Liang Zhenzhen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yan Chuanfu
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Juan
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zeng Gang
- Sinovac Biotech CO., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lv Huakun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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15
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Yang W, Dai J, Liu J, Guo M, Liu X, Hu S, Gu M, Hu J, Hu Z, Gao R, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X. Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Serotypes 2 Vector-Based Vaccine Induces Protection against H9N2 Avian Influenza in Chicken. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050918. [PMID: 35632659 PMCID: PMC9144924 DOI: 10.3390/v14050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial inactivated vaccines against H9N2 avian influenza (AI) have been developed in China since 1990s and show excellent immunogenicity with strong HI antibodies. However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the clinical demand for a live-vectored vaccine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have shown effective protection in chickens against H9N2 virus. However, preexisting NDV antibodies may affect protective efficacy of the vaccine in the field. Here, we explored avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (APMV-2) as a vector for developing an H9N2 vaccine via intranasal delivery. APMV-2 belongs to the same genus as NDV, distantly related to NDV in the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequences of Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and has low cross-reactivity with anti-NDV antisera. We incorporated hemagglutinin (HA) of H9N2 into the junction of P and M gene in the APMV-2 genome by being flanked with the gene start, gene end, and UTR of each gene of APMV-2-T4 to generate seven recombinant APMV-2 viruses rAPMV-2/HAs, rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-PUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-FUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-HNUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-LUTR-HA, and rAPMV-2-MUTR-HA, expressing HA. The rAPMV-2/HAs displayed similar pathogenicity compared with the parental APMV-2-T4 virus and expressed HA protein in infected CEF cells. The NP-UTR facilitated the expression and secretion of HA protein in cells infected with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA. Animal studies demonstrated that immunization with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA elicited effective H9N2-specific antibody (6.14 ± 1.2 log2) responses and conferred complete immune protection to prevent viral shedding in the oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from chickens challenged with H9N2 virus. This study suggests that our recombinant APMV-2 virus is safe and immunogenic and can be a useful tool in the combat of H9N2 outbreaks in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Dai
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
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16
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Emergence, Evolution, and Biological Characteristics of H10N4 and H10N8 Avian Influenza Viruses in Migratory Wild Birds Detected in Eastern China in 2020. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0080722. [PMID: 35389243 PMCID: PMC9045299 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H10Nx influenza viruses have caused increasing public concern due to their occasional infection of humans. However, the genesis and biological characteristics of H10 viruses in migratory wild birds are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted active surveillance to monitor circulation of avian influenza viruses in eastern China and isolated five H10N4 and two H10N8 viruses from migratory birds in 2020. Genetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the seven H10 viruses were clustered into the North American lineage and established as a novel Eurasian branch in wild birds in South Korea, Bangladesh, and China. The neuraminidase (NA) genes of the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses originated from the circulating HxN4 and H5N8 viruses in migratory birds in Eurasia. We further revealed that some of the novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses acquired the ability to bind human-like receptors. Animal studies indicated that these H10 viruses can replicate in mice, chickens, and ducks. Importantly, we found that the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses can transmit efficiently among chickens and ducks but induce lower HA inhibition (HI) antibody titers in ducks. These findings emphasized that annual surveillance in migratory waterfowl should be strengthened to monitor the introduction of wild-bird H10N4 and H10N8 reassortants into poultry. IMPORTANCE The emerging avian influenza reassortants and mutants in birds pose an increasing threat to poultry and public health. H10 avian influenza viruses are widely prevalent in wild birds, poultry, seals, and minks and pose an increasing threat to human health. The occasional human infections with H10N8 and H10N3 viruses in China have significantly increased public concern about the potential pandemic risk posed by H10 viruses. In this study, we found that the North American H10 viruses have been successfully introduced to Asia by migratory birds and further reassorted with other subtypes to generate novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses in eastern China. These emerging H10 reassortants have a high potential to threaten the poultry industry and human health due to their efficient replication and transmission in chickens, ducks, and mice.
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17
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Guo Y, Ryan U, Feng Y, Xiao L. Association of Common Zoonotic Pathogens With Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:810142. [PMID: 35082774 PMCID: PMC8784678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.810142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal farming has intensified significantly in recent decades, with the emergence of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in industrialized nations. The congregation of susceptible animals in CAFOs can lead to heavy environmental contamination with pathogens, promoting the emergence of hyper-transmissible, and virulent pathogens. As a result, CAFOs have been associated with emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, hepatitis E virus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Streptococcus suis, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Cryptosporidium parvum in farm animals. This has led to increased transmission of zoonotic pathogens in humans and changes in disease patterns in general communities. They are exemplified by the common occurrence of outbreaks of illnesses through direct and indirect contact with farm animals, and wide occurrence of similar serotypes or subtypes in both humans and farm animals in industrialized nations. Therefore, control measures should be developed to slow down the dispersal of zoonotic pathogens associated with CAFOs and prevent the emergence of new pathogens of epidemic and pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Guo
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Una Ryan
- Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Quan C, Zhang Z, Ding G, Sun F, Zhao H, Liu Q, Ma C, Wang J, Wang L, Zhao W, He J, Wang Y, He Q, Carr MJ, Wang D, Xiao Q, Shi W. Seroprevalence of influenza viruses in Shandong, Northern China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med 2022; 16:984-990. [PMID: 36152125 PMCID: PMC9510416 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been commonly deployed to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a worldwide decline in influenza prevalence. However, the influenza risk in China warrants cautious assessment. We conducted a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study in Shandong Province, Northern China in mid-2021. Hemagglutination inhibition was performed to test antibodies against four influenza vaccine strains. A combination of descriptive and meta-analyses was adopted to compare the seroprevalence of influenza antibodies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall seroprevalence values against A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata were 17.8% (95% CI 16.2%-19.5%), 23.5% (95% CI 21.7%-25.4%), 7.6% (95% CI 6.6%-8.7%), and 15.0 (95% CI 13.5%-16.5%), respectively, in the study period. The overall vaccination rate was extremely low (2.6%). Our results revealed that antibody titers in vaccinated participants were significantly higher than those in unvaccinated individuals (P < 0.001). Notably, the meta-analysis showed that antibodies against A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 were significantly low in adults after the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.01). Increasing vaccination rates and maintaining NPIs are recommended to prevent an elevated influenza risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Fengwei Sun
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Hengxia Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Boshan District Hospital, Zibo, 255200 China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Chuanmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Jinjie He
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Boshan District Hospital, Zibo, 255200 China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Department of Cancer Center, Taian Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Qian He
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Michael J. Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland ,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0010020 Japan
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China ,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
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19
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Pal A, Pal A, Baviskar P. RIGI, TLR7, and TLR3 Genes Were Predicted to Have Immune Response Against Avian Influenza in Indigenous Ducks. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:633283. [PMID: 34970593 PMCID: PMC8712727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza is a disease with every possibility to evolve as a human-to-human pandemic arising out of frequent mutations and genetic reassortment or recombination of avian influenza (AI) virus. The greatest concern is that till date, no satisfactory medicine or vaccines are available, leading to massive culling of poultry birds, causing huge economic loss and ban on export of chicken products, which emphasizes the need to develop an alternative strategy for control of AI. In the current study, we attempt to explore the molecular mechanism of innate immune potential of ducks against avian influenza. In the present study, we have characterized immune response molecules such as duck TLR3, TLR7, and RIGI that are predicted to have potent antiviral activities against the identified strain of avian influenza through in silico studies (molecular docking) followed by experimental validation with differential mRNA expression analysis. Future exploitation may include immunomodulation with the recombinant protein, and transgenic or gene-edited chicken resistant to bird flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Pal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Abantika Pal
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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20
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Li F, Liu J, Yang J, Sun H, Jiang Z, Wang C, Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhao C, Pu J, Sun Y, Chang KC, Liu J, Sun H. H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes H5N6 virus release in mammalian cells: Mechanism of avian influenza virus inter-species infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010098. [PMID: 34860863 PMCID: PMC8641880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4 not only exhibits unprecedented intercontinental spread in poultry, but can also cause serious infection in humans, posing a public health threat. Phylogenetic analyses show that 40% (8/20) of H5N6 viruses that infected humans carried H9N2 virus-derived internal genes. However, the precise contribution of H9N2 virus-derived internal genes to H5N6 virus infection in humans is unclear. Here, we report on the functional contribution of the H9N2 virus-derived matrix protein 1 (M1) to enhanced H5N6 virus replication capacity in mammalian cells. Unlike H5N1 virus-derived M1 protein, H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein showed high binding affinity for H5N6 hemagglutinin (HA) protein and increased viral progeny particle release in different mammalian cell lines. Human host factor, G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1), exhibited strong binding to H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein to facilitate M1 transport to budding sites at the cell membrane. GNB1 knockdown inhibited the interaction between H9N2 virus-derived M1 and HA protein, and reduced influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) release. Our findings indicate that H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes avian H5N6 influenza virus release from mammalian, in particular human cells, which could be a major viral factor for H5N6 virus cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuankuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (HS)
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (HS)
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21
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Cáceres CJ, Rajao DS, Perez DR. Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101919. [PMID: 34696349 PMCID: PMC8540072 DOI: 10.3390/v13101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are widespread viruses affecting avian and mammalian species worldwide. IAVs from avian species can be transmitted to mammals including humans and, thus, they are of inherent pandemic concern. Most of the efforts to understand the pathogenicity and transmission of avian origin IAVs have been focused on H5 and H7 subtypes due to their highly pathogenic phenotype in poultry. However, IAV of the H9 subtype, which circulate endemically in poultry flocks in some regions of the world, have also been associated with cases of zoonotic infections. In this review, we discuss the mammalian transmission of H9N2 and the molecular factors that are thought relevant for this spillover, focusing on the HA segment. Additionally, we discuss factors that have been associated with the ability of these viruses to transmit through the respiratory route in mammalian species. The summarized information shows that minimal amino acid changes in the HA and/or the combination of H9N2 surface genes with internal genes of human influenza viruses are enough for the generation of H9N2 viruses with the ability to transmit via aerosol.
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22
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Xiao C, Xu J, Lan Y, Huang Z, Zhou L, Guo Y, Li X, Yang L, Gao GF, Wang D, Liu WJ, Zhou X, Yang H. Five Independent Cases of Human Infection with Avian Influenza H5N6 - Sichuan Province, China, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:751-756. [PMID: 34594983 PMCID: PMC8427102 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
What is known about this topic? The emerging H5Ny lineages of the avian influenza virus (AIV) with genomic reassortments have posed a continuous threat to animals and human beings. Since the first case of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus infection in 2014, the World Health Organization has reported a total of 38 cases by August 6, 2021. What is added by this report? A total of 5 new cases of H5N6 that occurred from May 2021 to July 2021 in Sichuan Province, China were reported in this study. Epidemiological and laboratory information of the five cases were investigated. The genomic analysis of the H5N6 genomes showed the features of AIV genomic reassortments and key residue substitutions. What are the implications for public health practice? The emergence of human cases infected by AIV H5Ny lineages through time demonstrates a risk of the persistence and evolution of the virus to trigger sporadic outbreaks and even pandemics, which need continuous surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongkun Xiao
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Lan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Huang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Acke S, Couvreur S, Bramer WM, Schmickler MN, De Schryver A, Haagsma JA. Global infectious disease risks associated with occupational exposure among non-healthcare workers: a systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:63-71. [PMID: 34035182 PMCID: PMC8685622 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Employees in non-healthcare occupations may be in several ways exposed to infectious agents. Improved knowledge about the risks is needed to identify opportunities to prevent work-related infectious diseases. The objective of the current study was to provide an updated overview of the published evidence on the exposure to pathogens among non-healthcare workers. Because of the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, we also aimed to gain more evidence about exposure to several respiratory tract pathogens. Methods Eligible studies were identified in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane between 2009 and 8 December 2020. The protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019107265). An additional quality assessment was applied according to the Equator network guidelines. Results The systematic literature search yielded 4620 papers of which 270 met the selection and quality criteria. Infectious disease risks were described in 37 occupational groups; 18 of them were not mentioned before. Armed forces (n=36 pathogens), livestock farm labourers (n=31), livestock/dairy producers (n=26), abattoir workers (n=22); animal carers and forestry workers (both n=16) seemed to have the highest risk. In total, 111 pathogen exposures were found. Many of these occupational groups (81.1%) were exposed to respiratory tract pathogens. Conclusion Many of these respiratory tract pathogens were readily transmitted where employees congregate (workplace risk factors), while worker risk factors seemed to be of increasing importance. By analysing existing knowledge of these risk factors, identifying new risks and susceptible risk groups, this review aimed to raise awareness of the issue and provide reliable information to establish more effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Acke
- Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Research and Development, Mensura Occupational Health Services, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Simon Couvreur
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Antoon De Schryver
- Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Juanita A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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24
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Liu WJ, Xiao H, Dai L, Liu D, Chen J, Qi X, Bi Y, Shi Y, Gao GF, Liu Y. Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic. Front Med 2021; 15:507-527. [PMID: 33860875 PMCID: PMC8190734 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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Chen X, Wang W, Wang Y, Lai S, Yang J, Cowling BJ, Horby PW, Uyeki TM, Yu H. Serological evidence of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2020; 18:377. [PMID: 33261599 PMCID: PMC7709391 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus poses a global public health threat given severe and fatal zoonotic infections since 1997 and ongoing A(H5N1) virus circulation among poultry in several countries. A comprehensive assessment of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus antibodies remains a gap and limits understanding of the true risk of A(H5N1) virus infection. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published serosurveys to assess the risk of subclinical and clinically mild A(H5N1) virus infections. We assessed A(H5N1) virus antibody titers and changes in titers among populations with variable exposures to different A(H5N1) viruses. RESULTS Across studies using the World Health Organization-recommended seropositive definition, the point estimates of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus-specific antibodies were higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-0.6%) and persons exposed to both human A(H5N1) cases and infected birds (range 0.4-1.8%) than in close contacts of A(H5N1) cases or the general population (none to very low frequencies). Seroprevalence was higher in persons exposed to A(H5N1) clade 0 virus (1.9%, range 0.7-3.2%) than in participants exposed to other clades of A(H5N1) virus (range 0-0.5%) (p < 0.05). Seroprevalence was higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-1.9%) if such studies utilized antigenically similar A(H5N1) virus antigens in assays to A(H5N1) viruses circulating among poultry. CONCLUSIONS These low seroprevalences suggest that subclinical and clinically mild human A(H5N1) virus infections are uncommon. Standardized serological survey and laboratory methods are needed to fully understand the extent and risk of human A(H5N1) virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016-2019 in China. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5909. [PMID: 33219213 PMCID: PMC7679419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have surveyed avian influenza virus (AIV) genomes from live poultry markets within China since 2014. Here we present a total of 16,091 samples that were collected from May 2016 to February 2019 in 23 provinces and municipalities in China. We identify 2048 AIV-positive samples and perform next generation sequencing. AIV-positive rates (12.73%) from samples had decreased substantially since 2016, compared to that during 2014–2016 (26.90%). Additionally, H9N2 has replaced H5N6 and H7N9 as the dominant AIV subtype in both chickens and ducks. Notably, novel reassortants and variants continually emerged and disseminated in avian populations, including H7N3, H9N9, H9N6 and H5N6 variants. Importantly, almost all of the H9 AIVs and many H7N9 and H6N2 strains prefer human-type receptors, posing an increased risk for human infections. In summary, our nation-wide surveillance highlights substantial changes in the circulation of AIVs since 2016, which greatly impacts the prevention and control of AIVs in China and worldwide. In this study, the authors present a genomic surveillance of avian influenza genomes sampled from live poultry markets in China. They report that a number of variants have emerged since 2016 that pose an increased risk to humans. They highlight the importance of continuous genome surveillance of circulating influenza strains.
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Wang W, Chen X, Wang Y, Lai S, Yang J, Cowling BJ, Horby PW, Uyeki TM, Yu H. Serological evidence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:70-82. [PMID: 33119755 PMCID: PMC9373149 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, including mild and asymptomatic infections, is uncertain. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of serosurveys for avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in humans published during 2013–2020. Three seropositive definitions were assessed to estimate pooled seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and seroincidence by types of exposures. We applied a scoring system to assess the quality of included studies. Results Of 31 included studies, pooled seroprevalence of A(H7N9) virus antibodies from all participants was 0.02%, with poultry workers, close contacts, and general populations having seroprevalence of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.02%, respectively, based on the World Health Organization (WHO)—recommended definition. Although most infections were asymptomatic, evidence of infection was highest in poultry workers (5% seroconversion, 19.1% seroincidence per 100 person-years). Use of different virus clades did not significantly affect seroprevalence estimates. Most serological studies were of low to moderate quality and did not follow standardized seroepidemiological protocols or WHO-recommended laboratory methods. Conclusions Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been uncommon, especially for general populations. Workers with occupational exposures to poultry and close contacts of A(H7N9) human cases had low risks of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Liu WJ, Li J, Zou R, Pan J, Jin T, Li L, Liu P, Zhao Y, Yu X, Wang H, Liu G, Jiang H, Bi Y, Liu L, Yuen KY, Liu Y, Gao GF. Dynamic PB2-E627K substitution of influenza H7N9 virus indicates the in vivo genetic tuning and rapid host adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23807-23814. [PMID: 32873642 PMCID: PMC7519270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian-origin influenza viruses overcome the bottleneck of the interspecies barrier and infect humans through the evolution of variants toward more efficient replication in mammals. The dynamic adaptation of the genetic substitutions and the correlation with the virulence of avian-origin influenza virus in patients remain largely elusive. Here, based on the one-health approach, we retrieved the original virus-positive samples from patients with H7N9 and their surrounding poultry/environment. The specimens were directly deep sequenced, and the subsequent big data were integrated with the clinical manifestations. Unlike poultry/environment-derived samples with the consistent dominance of avian signature 627E of H7N9 polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), patient specimens had diverse ratios of mammalian signature 627K, indicating the rapid dynamics of H7N9 adaptation in patients during the infection process. In contrast, both human- and poultry/environment-related viruses had constant dominance of avian signature PB2-701D. The intrahost dynamic adaptation was confirmed by the gradual replacement of 627E by 627K in H7N9 in the longitudinally collected specimens from one patient. These results suggest that host adaptation for better virus replication to new hosts, termed "genetic tuning," actually occurred in H7N9-infected patients in vivo. Notably, our findings also demonstrate the correlation between rapid host adaptation of H7N9 PB2-E627K and the fatal outcome and disease severity in humans. The feature of H7N9 genetic tuning in vivo and its correlation with the disease severity emphasize the importance of testing for the evolution of this avian-origin virus during the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingcao Pan
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Xinfen Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the HKU-Shenzhen Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China;
| | - George F Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China;
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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Burtseva E. Enhance the surveillance system on influenza viruses to decrease the risk: The current progress in Russia. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Everest H, Hill SC, Daines R, Sealy JE, James J, Hansen R, Iqbal M. The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060673. [PMID: 32580412 PMCID: PMC7354632 DOI: 10.3390/v12060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses of the subtype H6Nx are being detected globally with increasing frequency. Some H6Nx lineages are becoming enzootic in Asian poultry and sporadic incursions into European poultry are occurring more frequently. H6Nx viruses that contain mammalian adaptation motifs pose a zoonotic threat and have caused human cases. Although currently understudied globally, H6Nx avian influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to both poultry and human health. In this review we examine the current state of knowledge of H6Nx viruses including their global distribution, tropism, transmission routes and human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Everest
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rowena Hansen
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
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Philippon DAM, Wu P, Cowling BJ, Lau EHY. Avian Influenza Human Infections at the Human-Animal Interface. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:528-537. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) are among the most concerning emerging and re-emerging pathogens because of the potential risk for causing an influenza pandemic with catastrophic impact. The recent increase in domestic animals and poultry worldwide was followed by an increase of human AIV outbreaks reported.
Methods
We reviewed the epidemiology of human infections with AIV from the literature including reports from the World Health Organization, extracting information on virus subtype, time, location, age, sex, outcome, and exposure.
Results
We described the characteristics of more than 2500 laboratory-confirmed human infections with AIVs. Human infections with H5N1 and H7N9 were more frequently reported than other subtypes. Risk of death was highest among reported cases infected with H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, and H10N8 infections. Older people and males tended to have a lower risk of infection with most AIV subtypes, except for H7N9. Visiting live poultry markets was mostly reported by H7N9, H5N6, and H10N8 cases, while exposure to sick or dead bird was mostly reported by H5N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N4, H7N7, and H10N7 cases.
Conclusions
Understanding the profile of human cases of different AIV subtypes would guide control strategies. Continued monitoring of human infections with AIVs is essential for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A M Philippon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peng Wu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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