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Kwon Y, Gottmann P, Wang S, Tissink J, Motzler K, Sekar R, Albrecht W, Cadenas C, Hengstler JG, Schürmann A, Zeigerer A. Induction of steatosis in primary human hepatocytes recapitulates key pathophysiological aspects of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02347-X. [PMID: 38977136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Its limited treatment options warrant novel pre-clinical models for target selection and drug validation. We have established and extensively characterized a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model system that could guide treatment strategies for MASLD. METHODS Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes from five donors varying in sex and ethnicity were cultured with free fatty acids (FFA) in 3D collagen sandwich for 7 days and the development of MASLD was followed by assessing classical hepatocellular functions. As proof of concept, the effects of the drug Firsocostat (GS-0976) on in vitro MASLD phenotypes were evaluated. RESULTS Incubation with FFA induced steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and alterations in prominent human gene signatures similar to patients with MASLD, indicating the recapitulation of human MASLD in this system. As the application of Firsocostat rescued clinically observed fatty liver disease pathologies, it highlights the ability of the in vitro system to test drug efficacy and potentially characterize their mode of action. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our human MASLD in vitro model system could guide the development and validation of novel targets and drugs for the treatment of MASLD. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Due to low drug efficacy and high toxicity, a clinical treatment option for MASLD is limited. To facilitate earlier stop-go decisions in drug development, we have established a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model. As the model recapitulates clinically relevant MASLD characteristics at high phenotypic resolution, it can serve as a pre-screening platform and guide target identification and validation in MASLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Surui Wang
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Tissink
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Motzler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Revathi Sekar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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García-García MD, Bellido Muñoz F, Cordero Ruiz P, Fernández Álvarez P, Carmona Soria MI, Caunedo Álvarez Á. Drug-induced liver injury associated to red yeast rice. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024; 116:384-385. [PMID: 37449514 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.9797/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is defined as a liver injury induced by a drug or a non-pharmacological agent like herbal medications or dietary supplements. Red yeast rice is rich in monacolin K, which has the same chemical structure as lovastatin, reason why it has been used for the management of hiperlipidemia. A 62 years old woman presented to the emergency service with 38.5ºC fever, coluric orine and loss of weight in the previous 3 weeks. The patient was taking RYR since the week before to the initial symptoms. Mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic acute hepatitis was diagnosed. Autoimmune liver serology resulted positive. Total DILI RECAM Score was 8 (highly probable DILI). Conservative treatment with exclusion of RYR was decided and during follow-up bilirubin and transaminases gradually dropped off. It has been reported a few cases of hepatitis associated to the use of RYR, promoted by a toxic or immunogenic metabolite. Cross-reactions may justify positive autoantibodies so hepatotoxicity should not be discard as a diagnose.
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Chowdhury RR, Grosso MF, Gadara DC, Spáčil Z, Vidová V, Sovadinová I, Babica P. Cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin disrupts lipid homeostasis and metabolism in a 3D in vitro model of the human liver. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 397:111046. [PMID: 38735451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin, a potent hepatotoxin produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms, poses environmental and human health concerns. We used a 3D human liver in vitro model based on spheroids of HepG2 cells, in combination with molecular and biochemical assays, automated imaging, targeted LC-MS-based proteomics, and lipidomics, to explore cylindrospermopsin effects on lipid metabolism and the processes implicated in hepatic steatosis. Cylindrospermopsin (1 μM, 48 h) did not significantly affect cell viability but partially reduced albumin secretion. However, it increased neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids while decreasing phospholipid levels. Simultaneously, cylindrospermopsin upregulated genes for lipogenesis regulation (SREBF1) and triacylglycerol synthesis (DGAT1/2) and downregulated genes for fatty acid synthesis (ACLY, ACCA, FASN, SCD1). Fatty acid uptake, oxidation, and lipid efflux genes were not significantly affected. Targeted proteomics revealed increased levels of perilipin 2 (adipophilin), a major hepatocyte lipid droplet-associated protein. Lipid profiling quantified 246 lipid species in the spheroids, with 28 significantly enriched and 15 downregulated by cylindrospermopsin. Upregulated species included neutral lipids, sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides and dihexosylceramides), and some glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines), while phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylinositols were mostly reduced. It suggests that cylindrospermopsin exposures might contribute to developing and progressing towards hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riju Roy Chowdhury
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Felipe Grosso
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vidová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ali AS, Wu D, Bannach-Brown A, Dhamrait D, Berg J, Tolksdorf B, Lichtenstein D, Dressler C, Braeuning A, Kurreck J, Hülsemann M. 3D bioprinting of liver models: A systematic scoping review of methods, bioinks, and reporting quality. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:100991. [PMID: 38558773 PMCID: PMC10978534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective communication is crucial for broad acceptance and applicability of alternative methods in 3R biomedical research and preclinical testing. 3D bioprinting is used to construct intricate biological structures towards functional liver models, specifically engineered for deployment as alternative models in drug screening, toxicological investigations, and tissue engineering. Despite a growing number of reviews in this emerging field, a comprehensive study, systematically assessing practices and reporting quality for bioprinted liver models is missing. Methods In this systematic scoping review we systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and BioRxiv for studies published prior to June 2nd, 2022. We extracted data on methodological conduct, applied bioinks, the composition of the printed model, performed experiments and model applications. Records were screened for eligibility and data were extracted from included articles by two independent reviewers from a panel of seven domain experts specializing in bioprinting and liver biology. We used RAYYAN for the screening process and SyRF for data extraction. We used R for data analysis, and R and Graphpad PRISM for visualization. Results Through our systematic database search we identified 1042 records, from which 63 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic scoping review. Our findings revealed that extrusion-based printing, in conjunction with bioinks composed of natural components, emerged as the predominant printing technique in the bioprinting of liver models. Notably, the HepG2 hepatoma cell line was the most frequently employed liver cell type, despite acknowledged limitations. Furthermore, 51% of the printed models featured co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells to enhance their complexity. The included studies offered a variety of techniques for characterizing these liver models, with their primary application predominantly focused on toxicity testing. Among the frequently analyzed liver markers, albumin and urea stood out. Additionally, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, primarily CYP3A and CYP1A, were assessed, and select studies employed nuclear receptor agonists to induce CYP activity. Conclusion Our systematic scoping review offers an evidence-based overview and evaluation of the current state of research on bioprinted liver models, representing a promising and innovative technology for creating alternative organ models. We conducted a thorough examination of both the methodological and technical facets of model development and scrutinized the reporting quality within the realm of bioprinted liver models. This systematic scoping review can serve as a valuable template for systematically evaluating the progress of organ model development in various other domains. The transparently derived evidence presented here can provide essential support to the research community, facilitating the adaptation of technological advancements, the establishment of standards, and the enhancement of model robustness. This is particularly crucial as we work toward the long-term objective of establishing new approach methods as reliable alternatives to animal testing, with extensive and versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S.M. Ali
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongwei Wu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diyal Dhamrait
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Dressler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Medical Library, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Hülsemann
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
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Zuchowska A, Frojdenfal S, Trzaskowski M, Jastrzebska E. Advanced three-dimensional in vitro liver models to study the activity of anticancer drugs. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400159. [PMID: 38896414 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs in the human body. It performs many important functions, including being responsible for the metabolism of most drugs, which is often associated with its drug-induced damage. Currently, there are no ideal pharmacological models that would allow the evaluation of the effect of newly tested drugs on the liver in preclinical studies. Moreover, the influence of hepatic metabolism on the effectiveness of the tested drugs is rarely evaluated. Therefore, in this work we present an advanced model of the liver, which reflects most of the morphologically and metabolically important features of the liver in vivo, namely: three-dimensionality, cellular composition, presence of extracellular matrix, distribution of individual cell types in the structure of the liver model, high urea and albumin synthesis efficiency, high cytochrome p450 activity. In addition, the work, based on the example of commonly used anticancer drugs, shows how important it is to take into account hepatic metabolism in the effective assessment of their impact on the target organ, in this case cancer. In our research, we have shown that the most similar to liver in vivo are 3D cellular aggregates composed of three important liver cells, namely hepatocytes (HepG2), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs). Moreover, we showed that the cells in 3D aggregate structure need time (cell-cell interactions) to improve proper liver characteristic. The triculture model additionally showed the greatest ability to metabolize selected anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Frojdenfal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa, Poland
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Ganzerla MD, Indolfo NDC, Oliveira LCM, Doratioto TR, Avelino TM, de Azevedo RJ, Tofani LB, Terra MF, Elias GB, de Sousa IL, Alborguetti MR, Rocco SA, Arroteia KF, Figueira ACM. Unveiling the intricacies of BPA and BPS: comprehensive insights into its toxic effects using a cutting-edge microphysiological system. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105849. [PMID: 38772494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Concerns over Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute, Bisphenol S (BPS), have led to innovative exploration due to potential adverse health effects. BPS, replacing BPA in some regions to avoid toxic impacts, remains insufficiently studied. Besides this, the organ-on-a-chip technology emerges as a transformative solution in drug discovery and chemiclas toxicity testing, minimizing costs and aligning with ethical standards by reducing reliance on animal models, by integrating diverse tissues and dynamic cell environments enhances precision in predicting organ function. Here, we employ a 3-organ-on-a-chip microfluidic device with skin, intestine, and liver cultures to assess the effects of BPA and BPS via topical and oral administration. Our evaluation focused on gene markers associated with carcinogenicity, systemic toxicity, and endocrine disruption. BPA exhibited expected absorption profiles, causing liver injury and genetic modulation in related pathways. BPS, a safer alternative, induced adverse effects on gene expression, particularly in topical absorption, with distinct absorption patterns. Our findings underscore the urgency of addressing BPA and BPS toxicity concerns, highlighting the crucial role of organ-on-a-chip technology in understanding associated health risks. The study promotes the organ-on-a-chip methodology as a valuable tool for safe drug development and disease treatments, offering a novel liver toxicity screening alternative to traditional animal tests. This contributes to advancing comprehension of the biological effects of these compounds, fostering improved safety assessments in human health.
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Mihajlovic M, De Boever S, Tabernilla A, Callewaert E, Sanz-Serrano J, Verhoeven A, Maerten A, Rosseel Z, De Waele E, Vinken M. Investigation of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatotoxicity using human liver spheroid co-cultures. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8. [PMID: 38740588 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is typically administered to individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction, a contraindication for enteral feeding, and a need for nutritional therapy. When PN is the only energy source in patients, it is defined as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN is a life-saving approach for different patient populations, both in infants and adults. However, despite numerous benefits, TPN can cause adverse effects, including metabolic disorders and liver injury. TPN-associated liver injury, known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), represents a significant problem affecting up to 90% of individuals receiving TPN. IFALD pathogenesis is complex, depending on the TPN components as well as on the patient's medical conditions. Despite numerous animal studies and clinical observations, the molecular mechanisms driving IFALD remain largely unknown. The present study was set up to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IFALD. For this purpose, human liver spheroid co-cultures were treated with a TPN mixture, followed by RNA sequencing analysis. Subsequently, following exposure to TPN and its single nutritional components, several key events of liver injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation (steatosis), were studied using various techniques. It was found that prolonged exposure to TPN substantially changes the transcriptome profile of liver spheroids and affects multiple metabolic and signaling pathways contributing to liver injury. Moreover, TPN and its main components, especially lipid emulsion, induce changes in all key events measured and trigger steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybren De Boever
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Callewaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anouk Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amy Maerten
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zenzi Rosseel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Segovia-Zafra A, Villanueva-Paz M, Serras AS, Matilla-Cabello G, Bodoque-García A, Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Sanz-Villanueva L, Godec S, Milisav I, Bagnaninchi P, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernández-Checa JC, Cubero FJ, Miranda JP, Nelson LJ. Control compounds for preclinical drug-induced liver injury assessment: Consensus-driven systematic review by the ProEuroDILI network. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00325-8. [PMID: 38703829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex and unpredictable event caused by drugs, and herbal or dietary supplements. Early identification of human hepatotoxicity at preclinical stages remains a major challenge, in which the selection of validated in vitro systems and test drugs has a significant impact. In this systematic review, we analyzed the compounds used in hepatotoxicity assays and established a list of DILI-positive and -negative control drugs for validation of in vitro models of DILI, supported by literature and clinical evidence and endorsed by an expert committee from the COST Action ProEuroDILI Network (CA17112). METHODS Following 2020 PRISMA guidelines, original research articles focusing on DILI which used in vitro human models and performed at least one hepatotoxicity assay with positive and negative control compounds, were included. Bias of the studies was assessed by a modified 'Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool'. RESULTS A total of 51 studies (out of 2,936) met the inclusion criteria, with 30 categorized as reliable without restrictions. Although there was a broad consensus on positive compounds, the selection of negative compounds lacked clarity. 2D monoculture, short exposure times and cytotoxicity endpoints were the most tested, although there was no consensus on drug concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Extensive analysis highlighted the lack of agreement on control compounds for in vitro DILI assessment. Following comprehensive in vitro and clinical data analysis together with input from the expert committee, an evidence-based consensus-driven list of 10 positive and negative control drugs for validation of in vitro models of DILI is proposed. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Prediction of human toxicity early in the drug development process remains a major challenge, necessitating the development of more physiologically relevant liver models and careful selection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI)-positive and -negative control drugs to better predict the risk of DILI associated with new drug candidates. Thus, this systematic study has crucial implications for standardizing the validation of new in vitro models of DILI. By establishing a consensus-driven list of positive and negative control drugs, the study provides a scientifically justified framework for enhancing the consistency of preclinical testing, thereby addressing a significant challenge in early hepatotoxicity identification. Practically, these findings can guide researchers in evaluating safety profiles of new drugs, refining in vitro models, and informing regulatory agencies on potential improvements to regulatory guidelines, ensuring a more systematic and efficient approach to drug safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Serras
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Matilla-Cabello
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bodoque-García
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel E Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Niu
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ismael Álvarez-Álvarez
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz-Villanueva
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sergej Godec
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of oxidative stress research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos UICEC-IBIMA, Plataforma ISCIII de Investigación Clínica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos UICEC-IBIMA, Plataforma ISCIII de Investigación Clínica, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver disease, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Paiva Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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9
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Mihajlovic M, Rosseel Z, De Waele E, Vinken M. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver injury: clinical relevance and mechanistic insights. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:1-11. [PMID: 38383052 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a relatively common complication in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). IFALD can be manifested as different types of liver injury, including steatosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis, and could result in liver failure in some cases. The onset and progression of IFALD are highly dependent on various patient and PN-related risk factors. Despite still being under investigation, several mechanisms have been proposed. Liver injury can originate due to caloric overload, nutrient deficiency, and toxicity, as well as phytosterol content, and omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio contained in lipid emulsions. Additional mechanisms include immature or defective bile acid metabolism, acute heart failure, infections, and sepsis exerting negative effects via Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor κB inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, lack of enteral feeding, gut dysbiosis, and altered enterohepatic circulation that affect the farnesoid x receptor-fibroblast growth factor 19 axis can also contribute to IFALD. Various best practices can be adopted to minimize the risk of developing IFALD, such as prevention and management of central line infections and sepsis, preservation of intestine's length, a switch to oral and enteral feeding, cyclic PN, avoidance of overfeeding and soybean oil-based lipid formulations, and avoiding hepatotoxic substances. The present review thus provides a comprehensive overview of all relevant aspects inherent to IFALD. Further research focused on clinical observations, translational models, and advanced toxicological knowledge frameworks is needed to gain more insight into the molecular pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity, reduce IFALD incidence, and encourage the safe use of PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zenzi Rosseel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Ichinose P, Miró MV, Viviani P, Herrera JM, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Exploring precision-cut liver slices for comparative xenobiotic metabolism profiling in swine and cattle. Xenobiotica 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38626291 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2343905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In vitro systems are useful tools for unravelling species differences in xenobiotic metabolism.The current work aimed to validate the technique of precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) for comparative studies on xenobiotic metabolism in swine and cattle.PCLS from swine (n = 3) and cattle (n = 3) were produced using a Brendel-VitronTM Tissue Slicer and cultured for 6 h. Tissue viability was preserved throughout the whole culture period.Metabolic viability was evaluated using the anthelmintics albendazole (ABZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) as model drugs, as well as other substrates of hepatic monooxygenases: benzydamine (BZ) N-oxygenase (FMO-dependent), and the O-dealkylations of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD, CYP1A1-dependent) and 7-methoxyresorufin (MROD, CYP1A2-dependent).ABZ S-oxygenation resulted 6-fold (cattle) and 13.6-fold (swine) higher (p = 0.001) compared to FBZ S-oxygenation.Similar BZ N-oxygenation and EROD activities were observed in PCLS cultures from both species. MROD was 2.5-fold higher (p = 0.033) in swine than in cattle. Similarly, ABZ S-oxygenation was 1.7-fold higher (p = 0.0002) in swine than in cattle. Conversely, a 82% higher (p = 0.0003) rate of FBZ S-oxygenation was evidenced in PCLS cultures from cattle compared to those from swine.Overall, this work shows that PCLS cultures are useful to obtain relevant information on species differences in xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ichinose
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Viviani
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Scheidecker B, Poulain S, Sugimoto M, Arakawa H, Kim SH, Kawanishi T, Kato Y, Danoy M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Mechanobiological stimulation in organ-on-a-chip systems reduces hepatic drug metabolic capacity in favor of regenerative specialization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1435-1452. [PMID: 38184801 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic physiology depends on the liver's complex structural composition which among others, provides high oxygen supply rates, locally differential oxygen tension, endothelial paracrine signaling, as well as residual hemodynamic shear stress to resident hepatocytes. While functional improvements were shown by implementing these factors into hepatic culture systems, direct cause-effect relationships are often not well characterized-obfuscating their individual contribution in more complex microphysiological systems. By comparing increasingly complex hepatic in vitro culture systems that gradually implement these parameters, we investigate the influence of the cellular microenvironment to overall hepatic functionality in pharmacological applications. Here, hepatocytes were modulated in terms of oxygen tension and supplementation, endothelial coculture, and exposure to fluid shear stress delineated from oxygen influx. Results from transcriptomic and metabolomic evaluation indicate that particularly oxygen supply rates are critical to enhance cellular functionality-with cellular drug metabolism remaining comparable to physiological conditions after prolonged static culture. Endothelial signaling was found to be a major contributor to differential phenotype formation known as metabolic zonation, indicated by WNT pathway activity. Lastly, oxygen-delineated shear stress was identified to direct cellular fate towards increased hepatic plasticity and regenerative phenotypes at the cost of drug metabolic functionality - in line with regenerative effects observed in vivo. With these results, we provide a systematic evaluation of critical parameters and their impact in hepatic systems. Given their adherence to physiological effects in vivo, this highlights the importance of their implementation in biomimetic devices, such as organ-on-a-chip systems. Considering recent advances in basic liver biology, direct translation of physiological structures into in vitro models is a promising strategy to expand the capabilities of pharmacological models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soo H Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawanishi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Chowdhury RR, Rose S, Ezan F, Sovadinová I, Babica P, Langouët S. Hepatotoxicity of cyanotoxin microcystin-LR in human: Insights into mechanisms of action in the 3D culture model Hepoid-HepaRG. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123047. [PMID: 38036087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent hepatotoxin produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs). MC-LR targets highly differentiated hepatocytes expressing organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 that are responsible for hepatocellular uptake of the toxin. The present study utilized an advanced 3D in vitro human liver model Hepoid-HepaRG based on the cultivation of collagen-matrix embedded multicellular spheroids composed of highly differentiated and polarized hepatocyte-like cells. 14-d-old Hepoid-HepaRG cultures showed increased expression of OATP1B1/1B3 and sensitivity to MC-LR cytotoxicity at concentrations >10 nM (48 h exposure, EC20 = 26 nM). MC-LR induced neither caspase 3/7 activity nor expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker gene BiP/GRP78, but increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, indicating a necrotic type of cell death. Subcytotoxic (10 nM) and cytotoxic (≥100 nM) MC-LR concentrations disrupted hepatocyte functions, such as xenobiotic metabolism phase-I enzyme activities (cytochrome P450 1A/1B) and albumin secretion, along with reduced expression of CYP1A2 and ALB genes. MC-LR also decreased expression of HNF4A gene, a critical regulator of hepatocyte differentiation and function. Genes encoding hepatobiliary membrane transporters (OATP1B1, BSEP, NTCP), hepatocyte gap junctional gene connexin 32 and the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin were also downregulated. Simultaneous upregulation of connexin 43 gene, primarily expressed by liver progenitor and non-parenchymal cells, indicated a disruption of tissue homeostasis. This was associated with a shift in the expression ratio of E-cadherin to N-cadherin towards the mesenchymal cell marker, a process linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hepatocarcinogenesis. The effects observed in the human liver cell in vitro model revealed mechanisms that can potentially contribute to the MC-LR-induced promotion and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepoid-HepaRG cultures provide a robust, accessible and versatile in vitro model, capable of sensitively detecting hepatotoxic effects at toxicologically relevant concentrations, allowing for assessing hepatotoxicity mechanisms, human health hazards and impacts of environmental hepatotoxins, such as MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riju R Chowdhury
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie Rose
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie Langouët
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
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13
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Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M, Alvarez-Alvarez I, Aithal GP, Björnsson ES, Cakan-Akdogan G, Cubero FJ, Esteves F, Falcon-Perez JM, Fromenty B, Garcia-Ruiz C, Grove JI, Konu O, Kranendonk M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Miranda JP, Remesal-Doblado A, Sancho-Bru P, Nelson L, Andrade RJ, Daly AK, Fernandez-Checa JC. Roadmap to DILI research in Europe. A proposal from COST action ProEuroDILINet. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107046. [PMID: 38159783 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the current article the aims for a constructive way forward in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) are to highlight the most important priorities in research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and better funded future for European DILI research. This Roadmap aims to identify key challenges, define a shared vision across all stakeholders for the opportunities to overcome these challenges and propose a high-quality research program to achieve progress on the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and management of this condition and impact on healthcare practice in the field of DILI. This will involve 1. Creation of a database encompassing optimised case report form for prospectively identified DILI cases with well-characterised controls with competing diagnoses, biological samples, and imaging data; 2. Establishing of preclinical models to improve the assessment and prediction of hepatotoxicity in humans to guide future drug safety testing; 3. Emphasis on implementation science and 4. Enhanced collaboration between drug-developers, clinicians and regulatory scientists. This proposed operational framework will advance DILI research and may bring together basic, applied, translational and clinical research in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lucena
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos UICEC-IBIMA, Plataforma ISCIII de Investigación Clínica, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Villanueva-Paz
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Alvarez-Alvarez
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - G P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - E S Björnsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Cakan-Akdogan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F J Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Esteves
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Falcon-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia 48009, Spain
| | - B Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Garcia-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - O Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Remesal-Doblado
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - P Sancho-Bru
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R J Andrade
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - A K Daly
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J C Fernandez-Checa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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14
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Sendra M, Cavia-Saiz M, Múñiz P. Are the BPA analogues an alternative to classical BPA? Comparison between 2D and alternative 3D in vitro neuron model to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Toxicology 2024; 502:153715. [PMID: 38211720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BPA is used in a wide range of consumer products with very concern toxicological properties. The European Union has restricted its use to protect human health. Industry has substituted BPA by BPA analogues. However, there is a lack of knowledge about their impacts. In this work, BPA and 5 BPA analogues (BPS, BPAP, BPAF, BPFL and BPC) have been studied in classical SH-SY5Y and the alternative 3D in vitro models after 24 and 96 h of exposure. Cell viability, percentage of ROS, cell cycle phases as well as the morphology of the spheroids were measured. The 2D model was more sensitive than the 3D models with differences in cell viability higher than 60% after 24 h of exposure, and different mechanisms of ROS production. After chronic exposure, both models were more affected in comparison to the 24 h exposure. After a recovery time (96 h), the spheroids exposed to 2.5-40 µM were able to recover cell viability and the morphology. Among the BPs tested, BPFL>BPAF>BPAP and >BPC revealed higher toxicological effects, while BPS was the only one with lower effects than BPA. To conclude, the SH-SY5Y 3D model is a suitable candidate to perform more reliable in vitro neurotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sendra
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), R&D Center, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Múñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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15
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Xie R, Pal V, Yu Y, Lu X, Gao M, Liang S, Huang M, Peng W, Ozbolat IT. A comprehensive review on 3D tissue models: Biofabrication technologies and preclinical applications. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122408. [PMID: 38041911 PMCID: PMC10843844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal testing, when it comes to precisely foreseeing the toxicity and clinical effectiveness of potential drug candidates, have resulted in a notable increase in the rate of failure during the process of drug discovery and development. Three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro models have arisen as substitute platforms with the capacity to accurately depict in-vivo conditions and increasing the predictivity of clinical effects and toxicity of drug candidates. It has been found that 3D models can accurately represent complex tissue structure of human body and can be used for a wide range of disease modeling purposes. Recently, substantial progress in biomedicine, materials and engineering have been made to fabricate various 3D in-vitro models, which have been exhibited better disease progression predictivity and drug effects than convention models, suggesting a promising direction in pharmaceutics. This comprehensive review highlights the recent developments in 3D in-vitro tissue models for preclinical applications including drug screening and disease modeling targeting multiple organs and tissues, like liver, bone, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart, brain, and cartilage. We discuss current strategies for fabricating 3D models for specific organs with their strengths and pitfalls. We expand future considerations for establishing a physiologically-relevant microenvironment for growing 3D models and also provide readers with a perspective on intellectual property, industry, and regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yanrong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Mengwei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China; School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China.
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey; Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey.
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16
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Kumar BS. Recent developments and applications of ambient mass spectrometry imaging in pharmaceutical research: an overview. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 16:8-32. [PMID: 38088775 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of ambient mass spectrometry imaging "MSI" is expanding in the areas of fundamental research on drug delivery and multiple phases of the process of identifying and developing drugs. Precise monitoring of a drug's pharmacological workflows, such as intake, distribution, metabolism, and discharge, is made easier by MSI's ability to determine the concentrations of the initiating drug and its metabolites across dosed samples without losing spatial data. Lipids, glycans, and proteins are just a few of the many phenotypes that MSI may be used to concurrently examine. Each of these substances has a particular distribution pattern and biological function throughout the body. MSI offers the perfect analytical tool for examining a drug's pharmacological features, especially in vitro and in vivo effectiveness, security, probable toxic effects, and putative molecular pathways, because of its high responsiveness in chemical and physical environments. The utilization of MSI in the field of pharmacy has further extended from the traditional tissue examination to the early stages of drug discovery and development, including examining the structure-function connection, high-throughput capabilities in vitro examination, and ex vivo research on individual cells or tumor spheroids. Additionally, an enormous array of endogenous substances that may function as tissue diagnostics can be scanned simultaneously, giving the specimen a highly thorough characterization. Ambient MSI techniques are soft enough to allow for easy examination of the native sample to gather data on exterior chemical compositions. This paper provides a scientific and methodological overview of ambient MSI utilization in research on pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sampath Kumar
- Independent researcher, 21, B2, 27th Street, Lakshmi Flats, Nanganallur, Chennai 600061, India.
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17
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Pelkonen O, Abass K, Parra Morte JM, Panzarea M, Testai E, Rudaz S, Louisse J, Gundert-Remy U, Wolterink G, Jean-Lou CM D, Coecke S, Bernasconi C. Metabolites in the regulatory risk assessment of pesticides in the EU. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1304885. [PMID: 38188093 PMCID: PMC10770266 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1304885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A large majority of chemicals is converted into metabolites through xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes. Metabolites may present a spectrum of characteristics varying from similar to vastly different compared with the parent compound in terms of both toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. In the pesticide arena, the role of metabolism and metabolites is increasingly recognised as a significant factor particularly for the design and interpretation of mammalian toxicological studies and in the toxicity assessment of pesticide/metabolite-associated issues for hazard characterization and risk assessment purposes, including the role of metabolites as parts in various residues in ecotoxicological adversities. This is of particular relevance to pesticide metabolites that are unique to humans in comparison with metabolites found in in vitro or in vivo animal studies, but also to disproportionate metabolites (quantitative differences) between humans and mammalian species. Presence of unique or disproportionate metabolites may underlie potential toxicological concerns. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art of comparative metabolism and metabolites in pesticide research for hazard and risk assessment, including One Health perspectives, and future research needs based on the experiences gained at the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jochem Louisse
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolterink
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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18
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Gronert A, Zierau O, Thieme D, Keiler AM. Effect of HepG2 cell 3D cultivation on the metabolism of the anabolic androgenic steroid metandienone. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1319-1328. [PMID: 36772854 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the metabolic fate of prohibited substances is crucial for the abuse detection. The human hepatocyte cell line HepG2 can be used to study biotransformation. In order to improve this in vitro model system, we compared the HepG2 spheroid generation using three different techniques: a forced floating, a scaffold-free and a scaffold-based method. We characterized the spheroids with regard to the expression levels of the proliferation marker Mki67, the liver-specific marker albumin and biotransformation enzymes. Moreover, the metandienone metabolite pattern was comparatively analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. With all three techniques, HepG2 spheroids were generated showing a degree of differentiation. The forced floating method resulted in very large spheroids (1 mm in diameter) showing signs of necrosis in the centre and a very low metandienone conversion rate. The spheroids formed by the two other techniques were comparable in size with 0.5 mm in diameter on average. Among the three different 3D cultivation methods, the HepG2 spheroids formed on Matrigel® as extracellular matrix were the most promising regarding biotransformation studies on anabolic androgenic steroids. Prospectively, HepG2 spheroids are a promising in vitro model system to study multidrug setups, drug-drug interactions and the biotransformation of other substance classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Gronert
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Environmental Monitoring and Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Martina Keiler
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
- Environmental Monitoring and Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Sanchez-Quant E, Richter ML, Colomé-Tatché M, Martinez-Jimenez CP. Single-cell metabolic profiling reveals subgroups of primary human hepatocytes with heterogeneous responses to drug challenge. Genome Biol 2023; 24:234. [PMID: 37848949 PMCID: PMC10583437 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenobiotics are primarily metabolized by hepatocytes in the liver, and primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard model for the assessment of drug efficacy, safety, and toxicity in the early phases of drug development. Recent advances in single-cell genomics demonstrate liver zonation and ploidy as main drivers of cellular heterogeneity. However, little is known about the impact of hepatocyte specialization on liver function upon metabolic challenge, including hepatic metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. RESULTS Here, we investigate the metabolic capacity of individual human hepatocytes in vitro. We assess how chronic accumulation of lipids enhances cellular heterogeneity and impairs the metabolisms of drugs. Using a phenotyping five-probe cocktail, we identify four functional subgroups of hepatocytes responding differently to drug challenge and fatty acid accumulation. These four subgroups display differential gene expression profiles upon cocktail treatment and xenobiotic metabolism-related specialization. Notably, intracellular fat accumulation leads to increased transcriptional variability and diminishes the drug-related metabolic capacity of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, upon a metabolic challenge such as exposure to drugs or intracellular fat accumulation, hepatocyte subgroups display different and heterogeneous transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Lucia Richter
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 82152, Munich, Germany.
| | - Celia Pilar Martinez-Jimenez
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich (TUM), 80333, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Scholz VA, Stork C, Frericks M, Kirchmair J. Computational prediction of the metabolites of agrochemicals formed in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165039. [PMID: 37355108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Today, computational tools for the prediction of the metabolite structures of xenobiotics are widely available and employed in small-molecule research. Reflecting the availability of measured data, these in silico tools are trained and validated primarily on drug metabolism data. In this work, we assessed the capacity of five leading metabolite structure predictors to represent the metabolism of agrochemicals observed in rats. More specifically, we tested the ability of SyGMa, GLORY, GLORYx, BioTransformer 3.0, and MetaTrans to correctly predict and rank the experimentally observed metabolites of a set of 85 parent compounds. We found that the models were able to recover about one to two-thirds of the experimentally observed first-generation, second-generation and third-generation metabolites, confirming their value in applications such as metabolite identification. However, precision was low for all investigated tools and did not exceed approximately 18 % for the pool of first-generation metabolites and 2 % for the pool of compounds representing the first three generations of metabolites. The variance in prediction success rates was high across the individual metabolic maps, meaning that outcomes depend strongly on the specific compound under investigation. We also found that the predictions for individual parent compounds differed strongly between the tools, particularly between those built on orthogonal technologies (e.g., rule-based and end-to-end machine learning approaches). This renders ensemble model strategies promising for improving success rates. Overall, the results of this benchmark study show that there is still considerable room for the improvement of metabolite structure predictors left. Our discussion points out several avenues to progress. The bottleneck in method development certainly has been, and will remain, for the foreseeable future, the limited quantity and quality of available measured data on small-molecule metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent-Alexander Scholz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Informatics in the Biosciences, Department for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Carpentier N, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds: Toward Physicochemical Liver Mimicry. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4333-4347. [PMID: 35914189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There exists a clear need to develop novel materials that could serve liver tissue engineering purposes. Those materials need to be researched for the development of bioengineered liver tissue as an alternative to donor livers, as well as for materials that could be applied for scaffolds to develop an in vitro model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) detection . In this paper, the hydrogels oxidized dextran-gelatin (Dexox-Gel) and norbornene-modified dextran-thiolated gelatin (DexNB-GelSH) were developed, and their feasibility toward processing via indirect 3D-printing was investigated with the aim to develop hydrogel scaffolds that physicochemically mimic native liver tissue. Furthermore, their in vitro biocompatibility was assessed using preliminary biological tests using HepG2 cells. Both materials were thoroughly physicochemically characterized and benchmarked to the methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) reference material. Due to inferior properties, Dexox-gel was not further processed into 3D-hydrogel scaffolds. This research revealed that DexNB-GelSH exhibited physicochemical properties that were in excellent agreement with the properties of natural liver tissue in contrast to GelMA. In combination with an equally good biological evaluation of DexNB-GelSH in comparison with GelMA based on an MTS proliferation assay and an albumin quantification assay, DexNB-GelSH can be considered promising in the field of liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt Internal Medicine and Pediatrics; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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22
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Muncke J, Andersson AM, Backhaus T, Belcher SM, Boucher JM, Carney Almroth B, Collins TJ, Geueke B, Groh KJ, Heindel JJ, von Hippel FA, Legler J, Maffini MV, Martin OV, Peterson Myers J, Nadal A, Nerin C, Soto AM, Trasande L, Vandenberg LN, Wagner M, Zimmermann L, Thomas Zoeller R, Scheringer M. A vision for safer food contact materials: Public health concerns as drivers for improved testing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108161. [PMID: 37758599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) and food contact articles are ubiquitous in today's globalized food system. Chemicals migrate from FCMs into foodstuffs, so called food contact chemicals (FCCs), but current regulatory requirements do not sufficiently protect public health from hazardous FCCs because only individual substances used to make FCMs are tested and mostly only for genotoxicity while endocrine disruption and other hazard properties are disregarded. Indeed, FCMs are a known source of a wide range of hazardous chemicals, and they likely contribute to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases. FCMs can also include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), which often are unknown and therefore not subject to risk assessment. To address these important shortcomings, we outline how the safety of FCMs may be improved by (1) testing the overall migrate, including (unknown) NIAS, of finished food contact articles, and (2) expanding toxicological testing beyond genotoxicity to multiple endpoints associated with non-communicable diseases relevant to human health. To identify mechanistic endpoints for testing, we group chronic health outcomes associated with chemical exposure into Six Clusters of Disease (SCOD) and we propose that finished food contact articles should be tested for their impacts on these SCOD. Research should focus on developing robust, relevant, and sensitive in-vitro assays based on mechanistic information linked to the SCOD, e.g., through Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) or Key Characteristics of Toxicants. Implementing this vision will improve prevention of chronic diseases that are associated with hazardous chemical exposures, including from FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet and Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliette Legler
- Dept. of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Olwenn V Martin
- Plastic Waste Innovation Hub, Department of Arts and Science, University College London, UK
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Dept. of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- College of Global Public Health and Grossman School of Medicine and Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Wagner
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Suominen S, Hyypijev T, Venäläinen M, Yrjänäinen A, Vuorenpää H, Lehti-Polojärvi M, Räsänen M, Seppänen A, Hyttinen J, Miettinen S, Aalto-Setälä K, Viiri LE. Improvements in Maturity and Stability of 3D iPSC-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cell Cultures. Cells 2023; 12:2368. [PMID: 37830581 PMCID: PMC10571736 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables differentiation of human hepatocytes or hepatocyte-like cells (iPSC-HLCs). Advances in 3D culturing platforms enable the development of more in vivo-like liver models that recapitulate the complex liver architecture and functionality better than traditional 2D monocultures. Moreover, within the liver, non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) are critically involved in the regulation and maintenance of hepatocyte metabolic function. Thus, models combining 3D culture and co-culturing of various cell types potentially create more functional in vitro liver models than 2D monocultures. Here, we report the establishment of 3D cultures of iPSC-HLCs alone and in co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hASCs). The 3D cultures were performed as spheroids or on microfluidic chips utilizing various biomaterials. Our results show that both 3D spheroid and on-chip culture enhance the expression of mature liver marker genes and proteins compared to 2D. Among the spheroid models, we saw the best functionality in iPSC-HLC monoculture spheroids. On the contrary, in the chip system, the multilineage model outperformed the monoculture chip model. Additionally, the optical projection tomography (OPT) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system revealed changes in spheroid size and electrical conductivity during spheroid culture, suggesting changes in cell-cell connections. Altogether, the present study demonstrates that iPSC-HLCs can successfully be cultured in 3D as spheroids and on microfluidic chips, and co-culturing iPSC-HLCs with NPCs enhances their functionality. These 3D in vitro liver systems are promising human-derived platforms usable in various liver-related studies, specifically when using patient-specific iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Suominen
- Heart Group, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and Science Mimicking Life Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland (L.E.V.)
| | - Tinja Hyypijev
- Heart Group, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and Science Mimicking Life Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland (L.E.V.)
| | - Mari Venäläinen
- Heart Group, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and Science Mimicking Life Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland (L.E.V.)
| | - Alma Yrjänäinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Vuorenpää
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Lehti-Polojärvi
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Räsänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aku Seppänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Heart Group, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and Science Mimicking Life Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland (L.E.V.)
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena E. Viiri
- Heart Group, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and Science Mimicking Life Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland (L.E.V.)
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24
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Hopperstad K, Deisenroth C. Development of a bioprinter-based method for incorporating metabolic competence into high-throughput in vitro assays. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1196245. [PMID: 37215384 PMCID: PMC10192685 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1196245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The acceptance and use of in vitro data for hazard identification, prioritization, and risk evaluation is partly limited by uncertainties associated with xenobiotic metabolism. The lack of biotransformation capabilities of many in vitro systems may under- or overestimate the hazard of compounds that are metabolized to more or less active metabolites in vivo. One approach to retrofitting existing bioassays with metabolic competence is the lid-based Alginate Immobilization of Metabolic Enzymes (AIME) method, which adds hepatic metabolism to conventional high-throughput screening platforms. Here, limitations of the lid-based AIME method were addressed by incorporating bioprinting, which involved depositing S9-encapsulated microspheres into standard 384-well plates with requisite cofactors for phase I and II hepatic metabolism. Objectives of this study included: 1) compare the lid-based and AIME bioprinting methods by assessing the enzymatic activity of a common cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, 2) use biochemical assays with the bioprinting method to characterize additional measures of phase I and II metabolic activity, and 3) evaluate the bioprinting method by screening 25 chemicals of known metabolism-dependent bioactivity in the VM7Luc estrogen receptor transactivation (ERTA) assay. A comparison of the two methods revealed comparable precision and dynamic range. Activity of additional CYP enzymes and glucuronidation was observed using the AIME bioprinting method. The ERTA experiment identified 19/21 ER-active test chemicals, 14 of which were concordant with expected biotransformation effects (73.7%). Additional refinement of the AIME bioprinting method has the potential to expand high-throughput screening capabilities in a robust, accessible manner to incorporate in vitro metabolic competence.
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25
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Li L, Zang Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Wen S, He J, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Spatiotemporal pharmacometabolomics based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging to evaluate the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone in HepG2 spheroids. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:483-493. [PMID: 37305784 PMCID: PMC10257197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid models combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables innovative investigation of in vivo-like biological processes under different physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (AFADESI-MSI) was coupled with 3D HepG2 spheroids to assess the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone (AMI). High-coverage imaging of >1100 endogenous metabolites in hepatocyte spheroids was achieved using AFADESI-MSI. Following AMI treatment at different times, 15 metabolites of AMI involved in N-desethylation, hydroxylation, deiodination, and desaturation metabolic reactions were identified, and according to their spatiotemporal dynamics features, the metabolic pathways of AMI were proposed. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial changes in metabolic disturbance within spheroids caused by drug exposure were obtained via metabolomic analysis. The main dysregulated metabolic pathways included arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing considerable evidence for the mechanism of AMI hepatotoxicity. In addition, a biomarker group of eight fatty acids was selected that provided improved indication of cell viability and could characterize the hepatotoxicity of AMI. The combination of AFADESI-MSI and HepG2 spheroids can simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal information for drugs, drug metabolites, and endogenous metabolites after AMI treatment, providing an effective tool for in vitro drug hepatotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shanjing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Saxton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kelly R Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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27
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Pognan F, Beilmann M, Boonen HCM, Czich A, Dear G, Hewitt P, Mow T, Oinonen T, Roth A, Steger-Hartmann T, Valentin JP, Van Goethem F, Weaver RJ, Newham P. The evolving role of investigative toxicology in the pharmaceutical industry. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:317-335. [PMID: 36781957 PMCID: PMC9924869 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
For decades, preclinical toxicology was essentially a descriptive discipline in which treatment-related effects were carefully reported and used as a basis to calculate safety margins for drug candidates. In recent years, however, technological advances have increasingly enabled researchers to gain insights into toxicity mechanisms, supporting greater understanding of species relevance and translatability to humans, prediction of safety events, mitigation of side effects and development of safety biomarkers. Consequently, investigative (or mechanistic) toxicology has been gaining momentum and is now a key capability in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of the field using case studies and discuss the potential impact of ongoing technological developments, based on a survey of investigative toxicologists from 14 European-based medium-sized to large pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Pognan
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mario Beilmann
- Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Harrie C M Boonen
- Drug Safety, Dept of Exploratory Toxicology, Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Gordon Dear
- In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GlaxoSmithKline David Jack Centre for Research, Ware, UK
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tomas Mow
- Safety Pharmacology and Early Toxicology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Teija Oinonen
- Preclinical Safety, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Freddy Van Goethem
- Predictive, Investigative & Translational Toxicology, Nonclinical Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Richard J Weaver
- Innovation Life Cycle Management, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Peter Newham
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Yang S, Ooka M, Margolis RJ, Xia M. Liver three-dimensional cellular models for high-throughput chemical testing. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100432. [PMID: 37056374 PMCID: PMC10088249 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a leading cause of drug withdrawal from the market. High-throughput screening utilizing in vitro liver models is critical for early-stage liver toxicity testing. Traditionally, monolayer human hepatocytes or immortalized liver cell lines (e.g., HepG2, HepaRG) have been used to test compound liver toxicity. However, monolayer-cultured liver cells sometimes lack the metabolic competence to mimic the in vivo condition and are therefore largely appropriate for short-term toxicological testing. They may not, however, be adequate for identifying chronic and recurring liver damage caused by drugs. Recently, several three-dimensional (3D) liver models have been developed. These 3D liver models better recapitulate normal liver function and metabolic capacity. This review describes the current development of 3D liver models that can be used to test drugs/chemicals for their pharmacologic and toxicologic effects, as well as the advantages and limitations of using these 3D liver models for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Masato Ooka
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan Jared Margolis
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Pan S, Guo Y, Yu W, Zhang J, Qiao X, Li L, Xu P, Zhai Y. Constitutive Androstane Receptor Agonist, TCPOBOP: Maternal Exposure Impairs the Growth and Development of Female Offspring in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032602. [PMID: 36768963 PMCID: PMC9917268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental chemicals, which are known to impact offspring health, have become a public concern. Constitutive activated receptor (CAR) is activated by various environmental chemicals and participates in xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we described the effects of maternal exposure to the CAR-specific ligand 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP, TC) on offspring health outcomes. Maternal TC exposure exhibited a stronger inhibition of body weight in 3-week-old and 8-week-old first-generation (F1) offspring female mice compared to controls. Further, maternal TC exposure obtained a strong increase in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme expression in 3-week-old female mice that persisted into 8-week-old adulthood. Interestingly, we observed distorted intestinal morphological features in 8-week-old F1 female mice in the TC-exposed group. Moreover, maternal TC exposure triggered a loss of intestinal barrier integrity by reducing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. Accordingly, maternal exposure to TC down-regulated serum triglyceride levels as well as decreased the expression of intestinal lipid uptake and transport marker genes. Mechanistically, maternal TC exposure activated the intestinal inflammatory response and disrupted the antioxidant system in the offspring female mice, thereby impeding the intestinal absorption of nutrients and seriously threatening offspring health. Altogether, these findings highlight that the effects of maternal TC exposure on offspring toxicity could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Letong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (Y.Z.)
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30
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Guagliano G, Volpini C, Sardelli L, Bloise N, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cornaglia AI, Dotti S, Villa R, Visai L, Petrini P. Hep3Gel: A Shape-Shifting Extracellular Matrix-Based, Three-Dimensional Liver Model Adaptable to Different Culture Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:211-229. [PMID: 36525369 PMCID: PMC9832437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a leading cause of clinical trial withdrawal. Therefore, in vitro modeling the hepatic behavior and functionalities is not only crucial to better understand physiological and pathological processes but also to support drug development with reliable high-throughput platforms. Different physiological and pathological models are currently under development and are commonly implemented both within platforms for standard 2D cultures and within tailor-made chambers. This paper introduces Hep3Gel: a hybrid alginate-extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to produce 3D in vitro models of the liver, aiming to reproduce the hepatic chemomechanical niche, with the possibility of adapting its shape to different manufacturing techniques. The ECM, extracted and powdered from porcine livers by a specifically set-up procedure, preserved its crucial biological macromolecules and was embedded within alginate hydrogels prior to crosslinking. The viscoelastic behavior of Hep3Gel was tuned, reproducing the properties of a physiological organ, according to the available knowledge about hepatic biomechanics. By finely tuning the crosslinking kinetics of Hep3Gel, its dualistic nature can be exploited either by self-spreading or adapting its shape to different culture supports or retaining the imposed fiber shape during an extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting process, thus being a shape-shifter hydrogel. The self-spreading ability of Hep3Gel was characterized by combining empirical and numerical procedures, while its use as a bioink was experimentally characterized through rheological a priori printability evaluations and 3D printing tests. The effect of the addition of the ECM was evident after 4 days, doubling the survival rate of cells embedded within control hydrogels. This study represents a proof of concept of the applicability of Hep3Gel as a tool to develop 3D in vitro models of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Department
of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and
Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Dotti
- National
Reference Center for Alternative Methods, Welfare and Care of Laboratory
Animals, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
della Lomabardia ed Emilia Romagna, 25124Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villa
- National
Reference Center for Alternative Methods, Welfare and Care of Laboratory
Animals, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
della Lomabardia ed Emilia Romagna, 25124Brescia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy,Medicina
Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100Pavia, Italy,Interuniversity
Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research
(Centro 3R), Università di Pavia
Unit, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy,Interuniversity
Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research
(Centro 3R), Politecnico di Milano Unit, 20133Milan, Italy,
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31
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Bouwmeester MC, Tao Y, Proença S, van Steenbeek FG, Samsom RA, Nijmeijer SM, Sinnige T, van der Laan LJW, Legler J, Schneeberger K, Kramer NI, Spee B. Drug Metabolism of Hepatocyte-like Organoids and Their Applicability in In Vitro Toxicity Testing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020621. [PMID: 36677681 PMCID: PMC9867526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging advances in the field of in vitro toxicity testing attempt to meet the need for reliable human-based safety assessment in drug development. Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) are described as a donor-derived in vitro model for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Here, we explored the potential of hepatocyte-like ICOs (HL-ICOs) in in vitro toxicity testing by exploring the expression and activity of genes involved in drug metabolism, a key determinant in drug-induced toxicity, and the exposure of HL-ICOs to well-known hepatotoxicants. The current state of drug metabolism in HL-ICOs showed levels comparable to those of PHHs and HepaRGs for CYP3A4; however, other enzymes, such as CYP2B6 and CYP2D6, were expressed at lower levels. Additionally, EC50 values were determined in HL-ICOs for acetaminophen (24.0−26.8 mM), diclofenac (475.5−>500 µM), perhexiline (9.7−>31.5 µM), troglitazone (23.1−90.8 µM), and valproic acid (>10 mM). Exposure to the hepatotoxicants showed EC50s in HL-ICOs comparable to those in PHHs and HepaRGs; however, for acetaminophen exposure, HL-ICOs were less sensitive. Further elucidation of enzyme and transporter activity in drug metabolism in HL-ICOs and exposure to a more extensive compound set are needed to accurately define the potential of HL-ICOs in in vitro toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C. Bouwmeester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Proença
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. Nijmeijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Sinnige
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. W. van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I. Kramer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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32
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Chipangura JK, Ntamo Y, Mohr B, Chellan N. A review of challenges and prospects of 3D cell-based culture models used for studying drug induced liver injury during early phases of drug development. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221147884. [PMID: 36879529 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221147884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of compound attrition during drug development. Over the years, a battery of in-vitro cell culture toxicity tests is being conducted to evaluate the toxicity of compounds prior to testing in laboratory animals. Two-dimensional (2D) in-vitro cell culture models are commonly used and have provided a great deal of knowledge; however, these models often fall short in mimicking natural structures of tissues in-vivo. Testing in humans is the most logical method, but unfortunately there are ethical limitations associated with human tests. To overcome these limitations better human-relevant, predictive models are required. The past decade has witnessed significant efforts towards the development of three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro cell culture models better mimicking in-vivo physiology. 3D cell culture has advantages in being representative of the interactions of cells in-vivo and when validated can act as an interphase between 2D cell culture models and in-vivo animal models. The current review seeks to provide an overview of the challenges that make biomarkers used for detection of DILI not to be sensitive enough during drug development and explore how 3D cell culture models can be used to address the gap with the current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Chipangura
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town Research Animal Facility, South Africa
| | - Yonela Ntamo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bert Mohr
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town Research Animal Facility, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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33
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Lourenço D, Lopes R, Pestana C, Queirós AC, João C, Carneiro EA. Patient-Derived Multiple Myeloma 3D Models for Personalized Medicine-Are We There Yet? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12888. [PMID: 36361677 PMCID: PMC9657251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of existing therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a disease with dismal prognosis. Choosing the right treatment for each patient remains one of the major challenges. A new approach being explored is the use of ex vivo models for personalized medicine. Two-dimensional culture or animal models often fail to predict clinical outcomes. Three-dimensional ex vivo models using patients' bone marrow (BM) cells may better reproduce the complexity and heterogeneity of the BM microenvironment. Here, we review the strengths and limitations of currently existing patient-derived ex vivo three-dimensional MM models. We analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, molecular and cellular characteristics, as well as their potential for drug testing and identification of disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges and give some insight on how to achieve a more biomimetic and accurate MM BM model. Overall, there is still a need for standardized culture methods and refined readout techniques. Including both myeloma and other cells of the BM microenvironment in a simple and reproducible three-dimensional scaffold is the key to faithfully mapping and examining the relationship between these players in MM. This will allow a patient-personalized profile, providing a powerful tool for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lourenço
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and Its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Queirós
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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34
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Casas B, Vilén L, Bauer S, Kanebratt KP, Wennberg Huldt C, Magnusson L, Marx U, Andersson TB, Gennemark P, Cedersund G. Integrated experimental-computational analysis of a HepaRG liver-islet microphysiological system for human-centric diabetes research. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010587. [PMID: 36260620 PMCID: PMC9621595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools for emulating human physiology and replicating disease progression in vitro. MPS could be better predictors of human outcome than current animal models, but mechanistic interpretation and in vivo extrapolation of the experimental results remain significant challenges. Here, we address these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. This approach allows for in silico representation and predictions of glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS with two organ compartments (liver and pancreas) connected in a closed loop with circulating medium. We developed a computational model describing glucose metabolism over 15 days of culture in the MPS. The model was calibrated on an experiment-specific basis using data from seven experiments, where HepaRG single-liver or liver-islet cultures were exposed to both normal and hyperglycemic conditions resembling high blood glucose levels in diabetes. The calibrated models reproduced the fast (i.e. hourly) variations in glucose and insulin observed in the MPS experiments, as well as the long-term (i.e. over weeks) decline in both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We also investigated the behaviour of the system under hypoglycemia by simulating this condition in silico, and the model could correctly predict the glucose and insulin responses measured in new MPS experiments. Last, we used the computational model to translate the experimental results to humans, showing good agreement with published data of the glucose response to a meal in healthy subjects. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders. Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools to unravel biological knowledge underlying disease. MPS provide a physiologically relevant, human-based in vitro setting, which can potentially yield better translatability to humans than current animal models and traditional cell cultures. However, mechanistic interpretation and extrapolation of the experimental results to human outcome remain significant challenges. In this study, we confront these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. We present a computational model describing glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS integrating liver and pancreas. This MPS supports a homeostatic feedback loop between HepaRG/HHSteC spheroids and pancreatic islets, and allows for detailed investigations of mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes in humans. We show that the computational model captures the complex dynamics of glucose-insulin regulation observed in the system, and can provide mechanistic insight into disease progression features, such as insulin resistance and β-cell dynamics. Furthermore, the computational model can explain key differences in temporal dynamics between MPS and human responses, and thus provides a tool for translating experimental insights into human outcome. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Casas
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kajsa P. Kanebratt
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Wennberg Huldt
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Magnusson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Influence of Antibiotics on Functionality and Viability of Liver Cells In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4639-4657. [PMID: 36286032 PMCID: PMC9600611 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Antibiotics are an important weapon in the fight against serious bacterial infections and are considered a common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The hepatotoxicity of many drugs, including antibiotics, is poorly analyzed in human in vitro models. (2) A standardized assay with a human hepatoma cell line was used to test the hepatotoxicity of various concentrations (Cmax, 5× Cmax, and 10× Cmax) of antibiotics. In an ICU, the most frequently prescribed antibiotics, ampicillin, cefepime, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, linezolid, meropenem, rifampicin, tigecycline, and vancomycin, were incubated with HepG2/C3A cells for 6 days. Cell viability (XTT assay, LDH release, and vitality), albumin synthesis, and cytochrome 1A2 activity were determined in cells. (3) In vitro, vancomycin, rifampicin, and tigecycline showed moderate hepatotoxic potential. The antibiotics ampicillin, cefepime, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, linezolid, and meropenem were associated with mild hepatotoxic reactions in test cells incubated with the testes Cmax concentration. Rifampicin and cefuroxime showed significantly negative effects on the viability of test cells. (4) Further in vitro studies and global pharmacovigilance reports should be conducted to reveal underlying mechanism of the hepatotoxic action of vancomycin, rifampicin, tigecycline, and cefuroxime, as well as the clinical relevance of these findings.
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36
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Abstract
In liver research, immortalized cell lines have assumed an important role in studying general physiological and pathological processes. However, misidentification and cross-contamination of cell lines is a widespread problem in biomedical sciences resulting in irreproducible results and false conclusions. Although the huge impact of working with wrong cell lines on life science research and publication has been well recognized, there are only limited efforts and strategies to prevent cell misidentification. This commentary provides a catalogue of the most important cell lines used in hepatology research, examples of misidentified cell lines, and short guidelines to be considered when working with continuous lines.
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37
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P18-01 Designing a liver-on-a-chip to maintain stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells for toxicological analysis in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Duda J, Kappenberg F, Gründler L, Edlund K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Cadenas C, Rieck A, Vartak N, Tolosa L, Castell JV, Gardner I, Halilbasic E, Trauner M, Ullrich A, Zeigerer A, Demirci Turgunbayer Ö, Damm G, Seehofer D, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. In vitro/in silico prediction of drug induced steatosis in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations by the Nile Red assay. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:33-46. [PMID: 35963427 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes is a key feature of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and can be induced by a subset of hepatotoxic compounds. In the present study, we optimized and evaluated an in vitro technique based on the fluorescent dye Nile Red, further named Nile Red assay to quantify lipid droplets induced by the exposure to chemicals. The Nile Red assay and a cytotoxicity test (CTB assay) were then performed on cells exposed concentration-dependently to 60 different compounds. Of these, 31 were known to induce hepatotoxicity in humans, and 13 were reported to also cause steatosis. In order to compare in vivo relevant blood concentrations, pharmacokinetic models were established for all compounds to simulate the maximal blood concentrations (Cmax) at therapeutic doses. The results showed that several hepatotoxic compounds induced an increase in lipid droplets at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. To compare how well (1) the cytotoxicity test alone, (2) the Nile Red assay alone, and (3) the combination of the cytotoxicity test and the Nile Red assay (based on the lower EC10 of both assays) allow the differentiation between hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds, a previously established performance metric, the Toxicity Separation Index (TSI) was calculated. In addition, the Toxicity Estimation Index (TEI) was calculated to determine how well blood concentrations that cause an increased DILI risk can be estimated for hepatotoxic compounds. Our findings indicate that the combination of both assays improved the TSI and TEI compared to each assay alone. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that inclusion of the Nile Red assay into in vitro test batteries may improve the prediction of DILI compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brecklinghaus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lisa Gründler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Rieck
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Biochemistry Department, University of Valencia and CIBEREHD
| | | | - Emina Halilbasic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anett Ullrich
- Primacyt Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirci Turgunbayer
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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Yan L, Messner CJ, Tian M, Gou X, Suter-Dick L, Zhang X. Evaluation of dioxin induced transcriptomic responses in a 3D human liver microtissue model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112906. [PMID: 35181307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional human liver microtissue model provides a promising method for predicting the human hepatotoxicity of environmental chemicals. However, the dynamics of transcriptional responses of 3D human liver microtissue model to dioxins exposure remain unclear. Herein, time-series transcriptomic analysis was used to characterize modulation of gene expression over 14 days in 3D human liver microtissues exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 31 nM, 10 ng/ml). Changes in gene expression and modulation of biological pathways were evaluated at several time points. The results showed that microtissues stably expressed genes related to toxicological pathways (e.g. highly of genes involved in external stimuli and maintenance of cell homeostasis pathways) during the 14-day culture period. Furthermore, a weekly phenomenon pattern was observed for the number of the differentially expressed genes in microtissues exposed to TCDD at each time point. TCDD led to an induction of genes involved in cell cycle regulation at day three. Metabolic pathways were the main significantly induced pathways during the subsequent days, with the immune/inflammatory response enriched on the fifth day, and the cellular response to DNA damage was identified at the end of the exposure. Finally, relevant transcription patterns identified in microtissues were compared with published data on rodent and human cell-line studies to elucidate potential species-specific responses to TCDD over time. Cell development and cytochrome P450 pathway were mainly affected after a 3-day exposure, with the DNA damage response identified at the end of exposure in the human microtissue system but not in mouse/rat primary hepatocytes models. Overall, the 3D human liver microtissue model is a valuable tool to predict the toxic effects of environmental chemicals with a relatively long exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Catherine Jane Messner
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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40
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Kobets T, Duan JD, Vock E, Deschl U, Williams GM. Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals for DNA Damage in the Chicken Egg Genotoxicity Assay (CEGA). Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:297-311. [PMID: 35658642 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221093583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is an established initiating event in the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of genotoxic chemicals. Accordingly, assessment of this endpoint is critical for chemicals which are being developed for use in humans. To assess the ability of the Chicken Egg Genotoxicity Assay (CEGA) to detect genotoxic pharmaceuticals, a set of 23 compounds with different pharmacological and reported genotoxic effects was tested for the potential to produce nuclear DNA adducts and strand breaks in the embryo-fetal livers using the 32P-nucleotide postlabeling (NPL) and comet assays, respectively. Due to high toxicity, two aneugens, colchicine and vinblastine, and an autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, could not be evaluated. Out of the 20 remaining pharmaceuticals, 10 including estrogen modulators, diethylstilbestrol and tamoxifen, antineoplastics cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and mitomycin C, antifungal griseofulvin, local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine, and antihistamines diphenhydramine and doxylamine, yielded clear positive outcomes in at least one of the assays. The antihypertensive vasodilator hydralazine and antineoplastics streptozotocin and teniposide, produced only DNA strand breaks, which were not dose-dependent, and thus, the results with these 3 pharmaceuticals were considered equivocal. No DNA damage was detected for 7 compounds, including the purine antagonist 6-thioguanine, antipyretic analgesics acetaminophen and phenacetin, antibiotic ciprofloxacin, antilipidemic clofibrate, anti-inflammatory ibuprofen, and sedative phenobarbital. However, low solubility of these compounds limited dosages tested in CEGA. Overall, results in CEGA were largely in concordance with the outcomes in other systems in vitro and in vivo, indicating that CEGA provides reliable detection of DNA damaging activity of genotoxic compounds. Further evaluations with a broader set of compounds would support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, 8137New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Duan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, 8137New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Esther Vock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary M Williams
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, 8137New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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41
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Sasikumar S, Boden A, Chameettachal S, Cipolla L, Cromer B, Kingshott P, Pati F. Galactose Tethered Decellularized Liver Matrix: Toward a Biomimetic and Biofunctional Matrix for Liver Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3023-3037. [PMID: 35548974 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge in liver tissue engineering is the replication of the microenvironment and microarchitecture of the liver tissue at the nanoscale. Decellularized liver matrix (DLM) provides an ideal material for scaffold preparation, as it retains the relevant structural and biochemical composition. However, the loss of bioactive factors during decellularization needs to be taken into account when using DLM and should be supplemented accordingly for an expected outcome. This study reports on the modification of DLM by the addition of galactose residues using a two-step thiol-ene-mediated photoclick chemistry for the coupling of galactose moieties to the DLM. Modification with galactose enhanced the function of hepatocytes and provides many advantages over currently used DLM and DLM-based materials. The galactose modified DLM enhanced the initial HepG2 cell adhesion to the substrate with changes in dynamics over time such as spheroid formation and further migration on the matrix. Our observation is that the galactose ligand decoration can also enhance the liver-specific metabolism of HepG2 compared to unmodified DLM. Galactosylated DLM also showed a better establishment of cellular polarity which also contributes to the function of HepG2 cells. Together our results demonstrate the advantages of adding galactose residues to currently available biomaterials, which makes this approach an attractive method for ECM-based liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sasikumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,ARC Training Centre Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
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42
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Mirahmad M, Sabourian R, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Safavi M. In vitro cell-based models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity screening: progress and limitation. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:161-193. [PMID: 35403528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2064487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major causes of post-approval withdrawal of therapeutics. As a result, there is an increasing need for accurate predictive in vitro assays that reliably detect hepatotoxic drug candidates while reducing drug discovery time, costs, and the number of animal experiments. In vitro hepatocyte-based research has led to an improved comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of chemical toxicity and can assist the prioritization of therapeutic choices with low hepatotoxicity risk. Therefore, several in vitro systems have been generated over the last few decades. This review aims to comprehensively present the development and validation of 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) culture approaches on hepatotoxicity screening of compounds and highlight the main factors affecting predictive power of experiments. To this end, we first summarize some of the recognized hepatotoxicity mechanisms and related assays used to appraise DILI mechanisms and then discuss the challenges and limitations of in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Zahmatkesh E, Othman A, Braun B, Aspera R, Ruoß M, Piryaei A, Vosough M, Nüssler A. In vitro modeling of liver fibrosis in 3D microtissues using scalable micropatterning system. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1799-1813. [PMID: 35366062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the late consequence of chronic liver inflammation which could eventually lead to cirrhosis, and liver failure. Among various etiological factors, activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the major players in liver fibrosis. To date, various in vitro liver fibrosis models have been introduced to address biological and medical questions. Availability of traditional in vitro models could not fully recapitulate complicated pathology of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and robust model to investigate the role of aHSCs on the progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes during liver fibrogenesis. Therefore, we applied a micropatterning approach to generate 3D co-culture microtissues consisted of HepaRG and human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) which co-cultured with inactivated LX-2 cells or activated LX-2 cells, respectively, as normal or fibrotic liver models in vitro. The result indicated that the activated LX-2 cells could induce EMT in HepaRG cells through activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Besides, in the fibrotic microtissue, physiologic function of HepaRG cells attenuated compared to the control group, e.g., metabolic activity and albumin secretion. Moreover, our results showed that after treatment with Galunisertib, the fibrogenic properties decreased, in the term of gene and protein expression. In conclusion, it is proposed that aHSCs could lead to EMT in hepatocytes during liver fibrogenesis. Furthermore, the scalable micropatterning approach could provide enough required liver microtissues to prosper our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the progression of liver fibrosis as well as high throughput (HT) drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Braun
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina Aspera
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rapid Detection of Direct Compound Toxicity and Trailing Detection of Indirect Cell Metabolite Toxicity in a 96-Well Fluidic Culture Device for Cell-Based Screening Environments: Tactics in Six Sigma Quality Control Charts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [PMID: 37502123 PMCID: PMC10374175 DOI: 10.3390/app12062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic screening tools, in vitro, evolve amid varied scientific disciplines. One emergent technique, simultaneously assessing cell toxicity from a primary compound and ensuing cell-generated metabolites (dual-toxicity screening), entails in-line systems having sequentially aligned culture chambers. To explore dual-tox screens, we probe the dissemination of nutrients involving 1-way transport with upstream compound dosing, midstream cascading flows, and downstream cessation. Distribution of flow gives rise to broad concentration ranges of dosing compound (0→ICcompound100) and wide-ranging concentration ranges of generated cell metabolites (0→ICmetabolites100). Innately, single-pass unidirectional flow retains 1st pass informative traits across the network, composed of nine interconnected culture wells, preserving both compound and cell-secreted byproducts as data indicators in each adjacent culture chamber. Thereafter, to assess effective compound hepatotoxicity (0→ECcompound100) and simultaneously classify for cell-metabolite toxicity (0→ECmetabolite100), we reveal utility by analyzing culture viability against ramping exposures of acetaminophen (APAP) and nefazodone (NEF), compounds of hepatic significance. We then discern metabolite generation with an emphasis on amplification across µchannel multiwell sites. Lastly, using conventional cell functions as indicator tools to assess dual toxicity, we investigate a non-drug induced liver injury (non-DILI) compound and DILI compound. The technology is for predictive evaluations of new compound formulations, new chemical entities (NCE), or drugs that have previously failed testing for unresolved reasons.
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Janani G, Priya S, Dey S, Mandal BB. Mimicking Native Liver Lobule Microarchitecture In Vitro with Parenchymal and Non-parenchymal Cells Using 3D Bioprinting for Drug Toxicity and Drug Screening Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10167-10186. [PMID: 35171571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering an in vitro liver model recapitulating the native liver microarchitecture consisting of parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells is crucial in achieving cellular crosstalk and hepatic metabolic functions for accurate hepatotoxicity prediction. Bioprinting holds the promise of engineering constructs with precise control over the spatial distribution of multiple cells. Two distinct tissue-specific liver extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioinks with excellent printability and rheological attributes are formulated for supporting parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. A physiologically relevant human vascularized liver model is bioprinted with a novel liver ECM-based bioink laden with human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human hepatic stellate cells (HHSCs) using an extrusion-based bioprinting approach and validated for hepatotoxicity assessment. The HLC/HUVEC/HHSC-laden liver model resembles native alternate cords of hepatocytes with a functional sinusoidal lumen-like network in both horizontal and vertical directions, demonstrating enhanced albumin production, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P450 (CPR) activity. Furthermore, the liver model is evaluated for drug toxicity assessment following 24 h exposure to different concentrations of (i) non-hepatotoxicants aspirin and dexamethasone, (ii) idiosyncratic hepatotoxicant trovafloxacin mesylate, and (iii) clinical hepatotoxicant acetaminophen and troglitazone. A follow-up cell viability and metabolic competence evaluation by estimating DNA concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and CPR activity revealed a dose-dependent clinically relevant hepatotoxic response. These results corroborated that the developed clinically relevant vascularized liver model is affordable and would aid pharmaceutical companies in speeding up the drug development and provide a robust platform for hepatotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Shroff T, Aina K, Maass C, Cipriano M, Lambrecht J, Tacke F, Mosig A, Loskill P. Studying metabolism with multi-organ chips: new tools for disease modelling, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Open Biol 2022; 12:210333. [PMID: 35232251 PMCID: PMC8889168 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-clinical models to study metabolism including animal models and cell assays are often limited in terms of species translatability and predictability of human biology. This field urgently requires a push towards more physiologically accurate recapitulations of drug interactions and disease progression in the body. Organ-on-chip systems, specifically multi-organ chips (MOCs), are an emerging technology that is well suited to providing a species-specific platform to study the various types of metabolism (glucose, lipid, protein and drug) by recreating organ-level function. This review provides a resource for scientists aiming to study human metabolism by providing an overview of MOCs recapitulating aspects of metabolism, by addressing the technical aspects of MOC development and by providing guidelines for correlation with in silico models. The current state and challenges are presented for two application areas: (i) disease modelling and (ii) pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Additionally, the guidelines to integrate the MOC data into in silico models could strengthen the predictive power of the technology. Finally, the translational aspects of metabolizing MOCs are addressed, including adoption for personalized medicine and prospects for the clinic. Predictive MOCs could enable a significantly reduced dependence on animal models and open doors towards economical non-clinical testing and understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shroff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kehinde Aina
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany,3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Oxidative-stress and long-term hepatotoxicity: comparative study in Upcyte human hepatocytes and hepaRG cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1021-1037. [PMID: 35156134 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common and serious adverse drug reactions and a major cause of drug development failure and withdrawal. Although different molecular mechanisms are implicated in DILI, enhanced ROS levels have been described as a major mechanism. Human-derived cell models are increasingly used in preclinical safety assessment because they provide quick and relatively inexpensive information in early stages of drug development. We have analyzed and compared the phenotype and functionality of two liver cell models (Upcyte human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells) to demonstrate their suitability for long-term hepatotoxicity assessments and mechanistic studies. The transcriptomic and functional analysis revealed the maintenance of phase I and phase II enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes along time in culture, although the differences found between both test systems underlie the differential sensitivity to hepatotoxins. The evaluation of several mechanisms of cell toxicity, including oxidative stress, by high-content screening, demonstrated that, by combining the stable phenotype of liver cells and repeated-dose exposure regimes to 12 test compounds at clinically relevant concentrations, both Upcyte hepatocytes and HepaRG offer suitable properties to be used in routine screening assays for toxicological assessments during drug preclinical testing.
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Current Status and Challenges of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Models in Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030442. [PMID: 35159250 PMCID: PMC8834601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is in high need of efficient and relevant in vitro liver models, which can be incorporated in their drug discovery pipelines to identify potential drugs and their toxicity profiles. Current liver models often rely on cancer cell lines or primary cells, which both have major limitations. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has created a new opportunity for liver disease modeling, drug discovery and liver toxicity research. hiPSCs can be differentiated to any cell of interest, which makes them good candidates for disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, hiPSCs, unlike primary cells, can be easily genome-edited, allowing the creation of reporter lines or isogenic controls for patient-derived hiPSCs. Unfortunately, even though liver progeny from hiPSCs has characteristics similar to their in vivo counterparts, the differentiation of iPSCs to fully mature progeny remains highly challenging and is a major obstacle for the full exploitation of these models by pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we discuss current liver-cell differentiation protocols and in vitro iPSC-based liver models that could be used for disease modeling and drug discovery. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges that still need to be overcome to allow for the successful implementation of these models into pharmaceutical drug discovery platforms.
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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Rodrigues JS, Faria-Pereira A, Camões SP, Serras AS, Morais VA, Ruas JL, Miranda JP. Improving human mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatic cell energy metabolism by manipulating glucose homeostasis and glucocorticoid signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1043543. [PMID: 36714559 PMCID: PMC9880320 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1043543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of reliable hepatic in vitro models may provide insights into disease mechanisms, linking hepatocyte dysmetabolism and related pathologies. However, several of the existing models depend on using high concentrations of hepatocyte differentiation-promoting compounds, namely glucose, insulin, and dexamethasone, which is among the reasons that have hampered their use for modeling metabolism-related diseases. This work focused on modulating glucose homeostasis and glucocorticoid concentration to improve the suitability of a mesenchymal stem-cell (MSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cell (HLC) human model for studying hepatic insulin action and disease modeling. METHODS We have investigated the role of insulin, glucose and dexamethasone on mitochondrial function, insulin signaling and carbohydrate metabolism, namely AKT phosphorylation, glycogen storage ability, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism gene expression in HLCs. In addition, we evaluated cell morphological features, albumin and urea production, the presence of hepatic-specific markers, biotransformation ability and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Using glucose, insulin and dexamethasone levels close to physiological concentrations improved insulin responsiveness in HLCs, as demonstrated by AKT phosphorylation, upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of Irs2 and gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways. Ammonia detoxification, EROD and UGT activities and sensitivity to paracetamol cytotoxicity were also enhanced under more physiologically relevant conditions. CONCLUSION HLCs kept under reduced concentrations of glucose, insulin and dexamethasone presented an improved hepatic phenotype and insulin sensitivity demonstrating superior potential as an in vitro platform for modeling energy metabolism-related disorders, namely for the investigation of the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Saraiva Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (imed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Faria-Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Póvoas Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (imed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Serras
- Research Institute for Medicines (imed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Alexandra Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lira Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Paiva Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (imed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Joana Paiva Miranda,
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