1
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Peart LA, Draper M, Tarasov AI. The impact of GLP-1 signalling on the energy metabolism of pancreatic islet β-cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Peptides 2024; 178:171243. [PMID: 38788902 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 signalling impacts glucose homeostasis and appetite thereby indirectly affecting substrate availability at the whole-body level. The incretin canonically produces an insulinotropic effect, thereby lowering blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and inhibiting the production of the sugar by peripheral tissues. Likewise, GLP-1 signalling within the central nervous system reduces the appetite and food intake, whereas its gastric effect delays the absorption of nutrients, thus improving glycaemic control and reducing the risk of postprandial hyperglycaemia. We review the molecular aspects of the GLP-1 signalling, focusing on its impact on intracellular energy metabolism. Whilst the incretin exerts its effects predominantly via a Gs receptor, which decodes the incretin signal into the elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, the downstream signalling cascades within the cell, acting on fast and slow timescales, resulting in an enhancement or an attenuation of glucose catabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Peart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew Draper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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2
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Sridhar A, Khan D, Babu G, Irwin N, Gault VA, Flatt PR, Moffett CR. Chronic exposure to incretin metabolites GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42) affect islet morphology and beta cell health in high fat fed mice. Peptides 2024; 178:171254. [PMID: 38815655 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to their major circulating metabolites GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42). This study investigates the possible effects of these metabolites, and the equivalent exendin molecule Ex(9-39), on pancreatic islet morphology and constituent alpha and beta cells in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Male Swiss TO-mice (6-8 weeks-old) were maintained on a HFD or normal diet (ND) for 4 months and then received twice-daily subcutaneous injections of GLP-1(9-36), GIP(3-42), Ex(9-39) (25 nmol/kg bw) or saline vehicle (0.9% (w/v) NaCl) over a 60-day period. Metabolic parameters were monitored and excised pancreatic tissues were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Body weight and assessed metabolic indices were not changed by peptide administration. GLP-1(9-36) significantly (p<0.001) increased islet density per mm2 tissue, that was decreased (p<0.05) by HFD. Islet, beta and alpha cell areas were increased (p<0.01) following HFD and subsequently reduced (p<0.01-p<0.001) by GIP(3-42) and Ex(9-39) treatment. While GLP-1(9-36) did not affect islet and beta cell areas in HFD mice, it significantly (p<0.01) decreased alpha cell area. Compared to ND and HFD mice, GIP(3-42) treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased beta cell proliferation. Whilst HFD increased (p<0.001) beta cell apoptosis, this was reduced (p<0.01-p<0.001) by both GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42). These data indicate that the major circulating forms of GLP-1 and GIP, namely GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42) previously considered largely inactive, may directly impact pancreatic morphology, with an important protective effect on beta cell health under conditions of beta cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananyaa Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gayathri Babu
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charlotte R Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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3
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Vliex LMM, Penders J, Nauta A, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. The individual response to antibiotics and diet - insights into gut microbial resilience and host metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:387-398. [PMID: 38486011 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic use disrupts microbial composition and activity in humans, but whether this disruption in turn affects host metabolic health is unclear. Cohort studies show associations between antibiotic use and an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review available clinical trials and show the disruptive effect of antibiotic use on the gut microbiome in humans, as well as its impact on bile acid metabolism and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Placebo-controlled human studies do not show a consistent effect of antibiotic use on body weight and insulin sensitivity at a population level, but rather an individual-specific or subgroup-specific response. This response to antibiotic use is affected by the resistance and resilience of the gut microbiome, factors that determine the extent of disruption and the speed of recovery afterwards. Nutritional strategies to improve the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome, as well as its recovery after antibiotic use (for instance, with prebiotics), require a personalized approach to increase their efficacy. Improved insights into key factors that influence the individual-specific response to antibiotics and dietary intervention may lead to better efficacy in reversing or preventing antibiotic-induced microbial dysbiosis as well as strategies for preventing cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M M Vliex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Horska K, Kucera J, Drazanova E, Kuzminova G, Amchova P, Hrickova M, Ruda-Kucerova J, Skrede S. Potent synergistic effects of dulaglutide and food restriction in prevention of olanzapine-induced metabolic adverse effects in a rodent model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116763. [PMID: 38805968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotics are indispensable in the treatment of severe mental illneses, however adverse metabolic effects including diabetes, weight gain, dyslipidemia, and related cardiovascular morbidity are common, and current pharmacological strategies for their management are unsatisfactory. Glucagon-like 1 peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity hold promise for the management of antipsychotic-associated adverse metabolic effects. METHODS To characterize the molecular effects and identify biomarkers for GLP-1 RA preventive treatment, Sprague-Dawley female rats were treated with long-acting formulations of the antipsychotic olanzapine and the GLP-1 RA dulaglutide for 8 days. A pair-feeding protocol evaluated the combined effects of dulaglutide and food restriction on an olanzapine-induced metabolic phenotype. Body weight and food consumption were recorded. Biochemical analysis included a lipid profile, a spectrum of gastrointestinal and adipose tissue-derived hormones, and fibroblast growth factor 21 serum levels. RESULTS Olanzapine induced hyperphagia, weight gain, increased serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Food restriction affected the OLA-induced phenotype but not serum markers. Dulaglutide led to a modest decrease in food intake, with no effect on weight gain, and did not reverse the OLA-induced changes in serum lipid parameters. Concomitant dulaglutide and food restriction resulted in weight loss, decreased feed efficiency, and lower total and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS A combined strategy of dulaglutide and food restriction manifested a massive synergistic benefit. GLP-1RAs represent a promising strategy and deserve thorough future research. Our findings underline the potential importance of lifestyle intervention in addition to GLP-1 RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Horska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucera
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Activities and Health, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Drazanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kuzminova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Amchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hrickova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway/Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Friuli M, Sepe C, Panza E, Travelli C, Paterniti I, Romano A. Autophagy and inflammation an intricate affair in the management of obesity and metabolic disorders: evidence for novel pharmacological strategies? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407336. [PMID: 38895630 PMCID: PMC11184060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle habits including a sedentary life, the lack of physical activity, and wrong dietary habits are the major ones responsible for the constant increase of obesity and metabolic disorders prevalence worldwide; therefore, the scientific community pays significant attention to the pharmacotherapy of such diseases, beyond lifestyle interventions, the use of medical devices, and surgical approaches. The intricate interplay between autophagy and inflammation appears crucial to orchestrate fundamental aspects of cellular and organismal responses to challenging stimuli, including metabolic insults; hence, when these two processes are dysregulated (enhanced or suppressed) they produce pathologic effects. The present review summarizes the existing literature reporting the intricate affair between autophagy and inflammation in the context of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and liver metabolic diseases (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). The evidence collected so far suggests that an alteration of autophagy might lead to maladaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses thus exacerbating the severity of the disease, and the most prominent conclusion underlies that autophagy might exert a protective function by contributing to balance inflammation. However, the complex nature of obesity and metabolic disorders might represent a limit of the studies; indeed, although many pharmacological treatments, producing positive metabolic effects, are also able to modulate autophagic flux and inflammation, it is not clear if the final beneficial effect might occur only by their mechanism of action, rather than because of additionally involved pathways. Finally, although future studies are needed, the observation that anti-obesity and antidiabetic drugs already on the market, including incretin mimetic agents, facilitate autophagy by dampening inflammation, strongly contributes to the idea that autophagy might represent a druggable system for the development of novel pharmacological tools that might represent an attractive strategy for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Sepe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Custódio G, Massutti AM, da Igreja MR, Lemos NE, Crispim D, Visioli F, Palma VDM, Leitão CB, Rech TH. Does liraglutide alleviate inflammation in brain-dead donors? A randomized clinical trial. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:607-617. [PMID: 37938130 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain death triggers an inflammatory cascade that damages organs before procurement, adversely affecting the quality of grafts. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of liraglutide compared to placebo in attenuating brain death-induced inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress. We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with brain-dead donors. Fifty brain-dead donors were randomized to receive subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo. The primary outcome was the reduction in IL-6 plasma levels. Secondary outcomes were changes in other plasma pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, interferon-γ, TNF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), expression of antiapoptotic ( BCL2 ), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers ( DDIT3/CHOP , HSPA5/BIP ), and antioxidant ( superoxide dismutase 2 , uncoupling protein 2 ) genes, and expression TNF, DDIT3, and superoxide dismutase 2 proteins in liver biopsies. The liraglutide group showed lower cytokine levels compared to the placebo group during follow-up: Δ IL-6 (-28 [-182, 135] vs. 32 [-10.6, 70.7] pg/mL; p = 0.041) and Δ IL-10 (-0.01 [-2.2, 1.5] vs. 1.9 [-0.2, 6.1] pg/mL; p = 0.042), respectively. The administration of liraglutide did not significantly alter the expression of inflammatory, antiapoptotic, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or antioxidant genes in the liver tissue. Similar to gene expression, expressions of proteins in the liver were not affected by the administration of liraglutide. Treatment with liraglutide did not increase the organ recovery rate [OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.2-8.6), p = 0.82]. Liraglutide administration reduced IL-6 and prevented the increase of IL-10 plasma levels in brain-dead donors without affecting the expression of genes and proteins related to inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisiane Custódio
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Isabel, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor de Mello Palma
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Helena Rech
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ibrahim SS, Ibrahim RS, Arabi B, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D. The effect of GLP-1R agonists on the medical triad of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9. [PMID: 38801466 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential in addressing the interconnected health challenges of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The role of GLP-1R in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highlighted, emphasizing its pivotal contribution to glucose homeostasis, promoting β-cell proliferation, and facilitating insulin release. GLP-1R agonists have effectively managed obesity by reducing hunger, moderating food intake, and regulating body weight. Beyond diabetes and obesity, GLP-1R agonists exhibit a multifaceted impact on cancer progression across various malignancies. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve the modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell growth, survival, and metabolism. However, the current literature reveals a lack of in vivo studies on specific GLP-1R agonists such as semaglutide, necessitating further research to elucidate its precise mechanisms and effects, particularly in cancer. While other GLP-1R agonists have shown promising outcomes in mitigating cancer progression, the association between some GLP-1R agonists and an increased risk of cancer remains a topic requiring more profound investigation. This calls for more extensive research to unravel the intricate relationships between the GLP-1R agonist and different cancers, providing valuable insights for clinicians and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Batoul Arabi
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar.
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8
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Bu T, Sun Z, Pan Y, Deng X, Yuan G. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: New Regulator in Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:354-372. [PMID: 38650100 PMCID: PMC11140404 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone that is mainly expressed in the intestine and hypothalamus. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have shown that GLP-1 is closely related to lipid metabolism, and it can participate in lipid metabolism by inhibiting fat synthesis, promoting fat differentiation, enhancing cholesterol metabolism, and promoting adipose browning. GLP-1 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism. It is expected to become a new target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The effects of GLP-1 and dual agonists on lipid metabolism also provide a more complete treatment plan for metabolic diseases. This article reviews the recent research progress of GLP-1 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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9
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Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Zambrano-Villacres R, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1398059. [PMID: 38742021 PMCID: PMC11090168 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic global health problem, is associated with an increase in various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The increasing global prevalence of obesity requires research into new therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide and liraglutide, designed for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, have been explored as drugs for the treatment of obesity. This minireview describes the molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide in different metabolic pathways, and its mechanism of action in processes such as appetite regulation, insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism. Finally, several clinical trial outcomes are described to show the safety and efficacy of these drugs in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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10
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Alhajahjeh A, Al-Faouri R, Bahmad HF, Bader T, Dobbs RW, Abdulelah AA, Abou-Kheir W, Davicioni E, Lee DI, Shahait M. From Diabetes to Oncology: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist's Dual Role in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1538. [PMID: 38672620 PMCID: PMC11048615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone renowned for its role in post-meal blood sugar regulation and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, has gained attention as a novel treatment for diabetes through GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA). Despite their efficacy, concerns have been raised regarding the potential associations between GLP-1-RA and certain malignancies, including medullary thyroid cancer. However, evidence of its association with prostate cancer (PCa) remains inconclusive. This review delves into the intricate relationship between GLP-1-RA and PCa, exploring the mechanisms through which GLP-1-Rs may impact PCa cells. We discuss the potential pathways involving cAMP, ERK, AMPK, mTOR, and P27. Furthermore, we underscore the imperative for additional research to elucidate the impact of GLP-1-RA treatment on PCa progression, patient outcomes, and potential interactions with existing therapies. Translational studies and clinical trials are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the role of GLP-1-RA in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alhajahjeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11190, Jordan;
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Internal Medicine Department, Amman 11190, Jordan;
| | - Raad Al-Faouri
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA;
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA;
| | - Taima’ Bader
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Internal Medicine Department, Amman 11190, Jordan;
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ahmed A. Abdulelah
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | | | - David I. Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Mohammed Shahait
- School of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Nedyalkova M, Robeva R, Romanova J, Yovcheva K, Lattuada M, Simeonov V. In silico screening of potential agonists of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor among female sex hormone derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38587907 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2330714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone that exerts its pleiotropic effects through a specific GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). The hormone-receptor complex might regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis; moreover, it could decrease inflammation and provide cardio- and neuroprotection. Additionally, the beneficial influence of GLP-1 on obesity in women might lead to improvement of their ovarian function. The links between metabolism and reproduction are tightly connected, and it is not surprising that different estrogen derivatives, estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) and progestins used for gonadal and oncological disorders might influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, their possible influence on the GLP-1R has not been studied. The docking scores and top-ranked poses of raloxifene were much higher than those observed for other investigated SERMs and estradiol per se. Among different studied progestins, drospirenone showed slightly higher affinity to GLP-1R. Herein, the same data set of the drugs is evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared with the obtained docking result. Notably, it is demonstrated that the used docking protocol and the applied MD calculations ranked the same ligand (raloxifene) as the best one. In the present study, raloxifene might exert an allosteric influence on GLP-1R signaling, which might contribute to potential beneficial effects on metabolism and weight regulation. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to reveal if the GLP-1R modulation has a real biological impact.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Nedyalkova
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia 'St. Kl. Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ralitsa Robeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Julia Romanova
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia 'St. Kl. Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kirila Yovcheva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia 'St. Kl. Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia 'St. Kl. Ohridski', Sofia, Bulgaria
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12
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Cimino G, Vaduganathan M, Lombardi CM, Pagnesi M, Vizzardi E, Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Metra M, Inciardi RM. Obesity, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:649-661. [PMID: 38093506 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a high prevalence, affecting more than 50% of patients with heart failure. HFpEF is associated with multiple comorbidities, and obesity is one of the most common. A distinct phenotype has been proposed for obese patients with HFpEF. Recent data show the beneficial role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for weight loss in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with obesity or overweight when given as adjunctive therapy to diet and exercise. The mechanisms of action are related to paracrine and endocrine signalling pathways within the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and central nervous system that delay gastric emptying, decrease appetite, augment pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion, and suppress pancreatic glucagon release. These drugs are therefore potentially indicated for treatment of patients with HFpEF and obesity or overweight. Efficacy and safety need to be shown by clinical trials with a first one, Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (STEP HFpEF), recently concluded. The aim of the present review is to provide the pathophysiological and pharmacological rationale for GLP-1 RA administration to obese patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cimino
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo M Lombardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Inciardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Carrageta DF, Pereira SC, Ferreira R, Monteiro MP, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Signatures of metabolic diseases on spermatogenesis and testicular metabolism. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00866-y. [PMID: 38528255 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Diets leading to caloric overload are linked to metabolic disorders and reproductive function impairment. Metabolic and hormonal abnormalities stand out as defining features of metabolic disorders, and substantially affect the functionality of the testis. Metabolic disorders induce testicular metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The disruption of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, adipose tissue and testicular hormonal regulation induced by metabolic disorders can also contribute to a state of compromised fertility. In this Review, we will delve into the effects of high-fat diets and metabolic disorders on testicular metabolism and spermatogenesis, which are crucial elements for male reproductive function. Moreover, metabolic disorders have been shown to influence the epigenome of male gametes and might have a potential role in transmitting phenotype traits across generations. However, the existing evidence strongly underscores the unmet need to understand the mechanisms responsible for transgenerational paternal inheritance of male reproductive function impairment related to metabolic disorders. This knowledge could be useful for developing targeted interventions to prevent, counteract, and most of all break the perpetuation chain of male reproductive dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Pereira
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago Agra do Crasto, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Yang S, Cao J, Sun C, Yuan L. The Regulation Role of the Gut-Islets Axis in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1415-1423. [PMID: 38533266 PMCID: PMC10964787 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s455026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-islets axis is an important endocrine signaling axis that regulates the function of islets by modulating the gut micro-environment and its endocrine metabolism. The discovery of intestinal hormones, such as GLP-1 and GIP, has established a preliminary link between the gut and the islet, paving the way for the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists based on the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis for diabetes treatment. This discovery has created a new paradigm for diabetes management and rapidly made the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis a focal point of research attention. Recent years, with in-depth study on gut microbiota and the discovery of intestinal-derived extracellular vesicles, the concept of gut endocrine and the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis have been further expanded and updated, offering tremendous research opportunities. The gut-islets axis refers to the complex interplay between the gut and the islet, which plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis and maintaining metabolic health. The axis involves various components, including gut microbiota, intestinal hormones, amino acids and ACE2, which contribute to the communication and coordination between the gut and the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medical, Wuhan ASIA GENERAL Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kokkinos A, Tsilingiris D, Simati S, Stefanakis K, Angelidi AM, Tentolouris N, Anastasiou IA, Connelly MA, Alexandrou A, Mantzoros CS. Bariatric surgery, through beneficial effects on underlying mechanisms, improves cardiorenal and liver metabolic risk over an average of ten years of observation: A longitudinal and a case-control study. Metabolism 2024; 152:155773. [PMID: 38181882 PMCID: PMC10872266 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has long-term beneficial effects on body weight and metabolic status, but there is an apparent lack of comprehensive cardiometabolic, renal, liver, and metabolomic/lipidomic panels, whereas the underlying mechanisms driving the observed postoperative ameliorations are still poorly investigated. We aimed to study the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic profile, cardiorenal and liver outcomes in association with underlying postoperative gut hormone adaptations. METHODS 28 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery [17 sleeve gastrectomy (SG), 11 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)] were followed up 3, 6 and 12 and at 10 years following surgery. Participants at 10 years were cross-sectionally compared with an age-, sex- and adiposity-matched group of non-operated individuals (n = 9) and an age-matched pilot group of normal-weight individuals (n = 4). RESULTS There were durable effects of surgery on body weight and composition, with an increase of lean mass percentage persisting despite some weight regain 10 years postoperatively. The improvements in metabolic and lipoprotein profiles, cardiometabolic risk markers, echocardiographic and cardiorenal outcomes persisted over the ten-year observation period. The robust improvements in insulin resistance, adipokines, activin/follistatin components and postprandial gastrointestinal peptide levels persisted 10 years postoperatively. These effects were largely independent of surgery type, except for a lasting reduction of ghrelin in the SG subgroup, and more pronounced increases in proglucagon products, mainly glicentin and oxyntomodulin, and in the cardiovascular risk marker Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) within the RYGB subgroup. Despite similar demographic and clinical features, participants 10 years after surgery showed a more favorable metabolic profile compared with the control group, in conjunction with a dramatic increase of postprandial proglucagon product secretion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that cardiorenal and metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery remain robust and largely unchanged ten years postoperatively and are associated with durable effects on gastrointestinal- muscle- and adipose tissue-secreted hormones. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04170010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Simati
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna A Anastasiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Alexandrou
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Domingo E, Marques P, Francisco V, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. Targeting systemic inflammation in metabolic disorders. A therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases? Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107058. [PMID: 38218355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While many factors can contribute to CVD, atherosclerosis is the cardinal underlying pathology, and its development is associated with several metabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia and obesity. Recent studies have definitively demonstrated a link between low-grade systemic inflammation and two relevant metabolic abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Interestingly, both metabolic disorders are also associated with endothelial dysfunction/activation, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype of the endothelium that involves leukocyte infiltration into the arterial wall, one of the earliest stages of atherogenesis. This article reviews the current literature on the intricate relationship between hypercholesterolemia and obesity and the associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and discusses the effectiveness of present, emerging and in-development pharmacological therapies used to treat these metabolic disorders with a focus on their effects on the associated systemic inflammatory state and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domingo
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
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17
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Alharbi SH. Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188231222367. [PMID: 38288136 PMCID: PMC10823863 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231222367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents with potent anti-inflammatory properties and diverse clinical implications. This in-depth review article explores the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1RAs and assesses their prospective applicability in a wide range of disease scenarios. The current review establishes the significance of comprehending the anti-inflammatory role of GLP-1RAs and identifies pertinent research gaps. A concise overview of inflammation and its clinical consequences underscores the critical need for effective anti-inflammatory interventions. Subsequently, the article elucidates the intricate mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs modulate immune cell signaling and regulate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Detailed discussions encompass their impact on inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and attenuation of oxidative stress. The exposition is substantiated by a collection of pertinent examples and an extensive array of references from both preclinical and clinical investigations. The historical trajectory of GLP-1RA drugs, including exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, is traced to delineate their development as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in specific disease contexts like type 2 diabetes, a neurodegenerative disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on their anti-inflammatory effects through rigorous examination of preclinical and clinical studies. The article also provides an outlook on future perspectives for GLP-1RAs, encompassing the domains of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and IBD. In conclusion, GLP-1RAs exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory effects, rendering them promising therapeutic agents with broad clinical implications. They are very useful in a wide variety of diseases because they regulate immunological responses, block NF-κB activation, and decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ongoing research endeavors aim to optimize their therapeutic use, delineate patient-specific treatment paradigms, and explore novel therapeutic applications. GLP-1RAs represent a significant breakthrough in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering novel treatment options, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Hadi Alharbi
- Department of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11652, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Jiang H, Zang L. GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:100-114. [PMID: 38532322 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283153231226103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin secretion, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 has been found in recent studies to be beneficial for the management of NAFLD, and the marketed GLP-1 agonist drugs have different degrees of effectiveness for NAFLD while lowering blood glucose. In this article, we review GLP-1 and its physiological roles, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the correlation between NAFLD and GLP-1 signaling, and potential strategies for GLP-1 treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linquan Zang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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19
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Lee CH, Murrell CE, Chu A, Pan X. Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain: Implications in Lipid Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17415. [PMID: 38139244 PMCID: PMC10743770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators' circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. One function of the circadian clock is regulating lipid metabolism. However, investigations of the circadian regulation of lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes in the brain are lacking. This review summarizes the rhythmic expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes within the SCN in Mus musculus. Nine of the twenty apolipoprotein genes identified from searching the published database (SCNseq and CircaDB) are highly expressed in the SCN. Most apolipoprotein genes (ApoE, ApoC1, apoA1, ApoH, ApoM, and Cln) show rhythmic expression in the brain in mice and thus might be regulated by the master clock. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on lipid-associated apolipoprotein genes in the SCN and other brain locations, to understand how apolipoproteins associated with perturbed cerebral lipid metabolism cause multiple brain diseases and disorders. This review describes recent advancements in research, explores current questions, and identifies directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Hannah Lee
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Charlotte Ellzabeth Murrell
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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20
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Coppola T, Daziano G, Legroux I, Béraud-Dufour S, Blondeau N, Lebrun P. Unlocking Therapeutic Synergy: Tailoring Drugs for Comorbidities such as Depression and Diabetes through Identical Molecular Targets in Different Cell Types. Cells 2023; 12:2768. [PMID: 38067196 PMCID: PMC10706795 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the field of pharmacology aims to generate new treatments for pathologies. Nowadays, there are an increased number of chronic disorders that severely and durably handicap many patients. Among the most widespread pathologies, obesity, which is often associated with diabetes, is constantly increasing in incidence, and in parallel, neurodegenerative and mood disorders are increasingly affecting many people. For years, these pathologies have been so frequently observed in the population in a concomitant way that they are considered as comorbidities. In fact, common mechanisms are certainly at work in the etiology of these pathologies. The main purpose of this review is to show the value of anticipating the effect of baseline treatment of a condition on its comorbidity in order to obtain concomitant positive actions. One of the implications would be that by understanding and targeting shared molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions, it may be possible to tailor drugs that address both simultaneously. To this end, we firstly remind readers of the close link existing between depression and diabetes and secondly address the potential benefit of the pleiotropic actions of two major active molecules used to treat central and peripheral disorders, first a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Prozac ®) and then GLP-1R agonists. In the second part, by discussing the therapeutic potential of new experimental antidepressant molecules, we will support the concept that a better understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways targeted by pharmacological agents could lead to future synergistic treatments targeting solely positive effects for comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Coppola
- CNRS, IPMC, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France; (G.D.); (I.L.); (S.B.-D.); (N.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Lebrun
- CNRS, IPMC, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France; (G.D.); (I.L.); (S.B.-D.); (N.B.)
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21
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Meng Y, Wang Y, Fu W, Zhang M, Huang J, Wu H, Sun L. Global trends and focuses of GLP-1RA in renal disease: a bibliometric analysis and visualization from 2005 to 2022. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3347-3361. [PMID: 37389601 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is a new class of glucose-lowing agents with the kidney benefit effect. This paper aims at finding the current state and hotspots of the research on GLP-1RA in kidney disease by using bibliometric methodologies and visualization maps to analyze publications and provide the direction for future studies on that topic. Literature information was obtained by retrieving the WoSCC database. Then, software like Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace was used to analyze and process obtained data. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of nations, authors, organizations, journals, keywords, and references were also done by VOSviewer and CiteSpace. A total of 991 publications written by 4747 authors from 1637 organizations in 75 countries on GLP-1RA in renal disease in Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved. The number of publications and citations kept growing from 2015 to 2022. The USA, Univ Copenhagen, and Rossing Peter are the leading country, organization, and author on this topic, respectively. All literature was published in 346 journals, and DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM is the journal with the most contributions. Meanwhile, most references are from DIABETES CARE. "Cardiovascular outcome" is the most frequent keyword in the total publications, and the reference cited most times is "Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes" by Marso SP. The topic of GLP-1RA in renal disease has attracted more and more attention all over the world. Existing studies are mainly about clinical use in patients with diabetes, and studies on the mechanism are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Monda VM, Voci C, Strollo F, Passaro A, Greco S, Monesi M, Bigoni R, Porcellati F, Piani D, Satta E, Gentile S. Protective Effects of Home T2DM Treatment with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors Against Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality in the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Observational Study in Italy. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:2127-2142. [PMID: 37801224 PMCID: PMC10597965 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a relevant risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19 (SARS coronavrus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] disease 2019), and calls for caution because of the high prevalence of T2DM worldwide and the high mortality rates observed in patients with T2DM who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. People with T2DM often take dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ras), or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), all of which have clear anti-inflammatory effects. The study aimed to compare (i) the severity and duration of hospital stay between patients with T2DM categorized by pre-hospitalization drug class utilization and (ii) the COVID-19-related death rates of those three groups. METHODS We designed an observational, retrospective, multi-center, population-based study and extracted the hospital admission data from the health care records of 1916 T2DM patients over 18 years old who were previously on GLP-1ra, SGLT-2i, or DPP-4i monotherapy and were hospitalized for COVID-19 (diagnosis based on ICD.9/10 codes) between January 2020 and December 2021 in 14 hospitals throughout Italy. We analyzed general data, pre-admission treatment schedules, date of admission or transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) (i.e., the index date; taken as a marker of increased COVID-19 disease severity), and death (if it had occurred). Statistics analyzed the impact of drug classes on in-hospital mortality using propensity score logistic regressions for (i) those admitted to intensive care and (ii) those not admitted to intensive care, with a random match procedure used to generate a 1:1 comparison without diabetes cohort replacement for each drug therapy group by applying the nearest neighbor method. After propensity score matching, we checked the balance achieved across selected variables if a balance was ever achieved. We then used propensity score matching between the three drug classes to assemble a sample in which each patient receiving an SGLT-2i was matched to one on a GLP-1ra, and each patient on a DPP-4i was matched to one on a GLP-1ra, adjusting for covariates. We finally used GLP-1ras as references in the logistic regression. RESULTS The overall mortality rate (MR) of the patients was 14.29%. The MR in patients with COVID was 53.62%, and it was as high as 42.42% in the case of associated T2DM, regardless of any glucose-lowering therapy. In those on DPP-4is, there was excess mortality; in those treated with GLP-1ras and SGLT-2is, the death rate was significantly lower, i.e., almost a quarter of the overall mortality observed in COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Indeed, the odds ratio (OR) in the logistic regression resulted in an extremely high risk of in-hospital death in individuals previously treated with DPP-4is [incidence rate (IR) 4.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-5.7) and only a slight, nonsignificantly higher risk in those previously treated with SGLT-2is (IR 1.42, 95% CI 0.6-2.1) compared to those on GLP-1ras. Moreover, the longer the stay, the higher the death rate, which ranged from 22.3% for ≤ 3-day stays to 40.3% for 4- to 14-day stays (p < 0.01 vs. the former) and 77.4% for over-14-day stays (p < 0.001 vs. both the others). DISCUSSION Our data do not support a protective role of DPP-4is; indeed, this role has already been questioned due to previous observations. However, the data do show a strong protective effect of SGLT-2is and GLP-1ras. Beyond lowering circulating glucose levels, those two drug classes were found to exert marked anti-phlogistic effects: SGLT-2is increased adiponectin and reduced urate, leptin, and insulin concentrations, thus positively affecting overall low-grade inflammation, and GLP-1ras may also greatly help at the lung tissue level, meaning that their extra-glycemic effects extend well beyond those acknowledged in the cardiovascular and renal fields. CONCLUSIONS The aforedescribed observational clinical data relating to a population of Italian inpatients with T2DM suggest that GLP-1ras and SGLT-2is can be considered antidiabetic drugs of choice against COVID-19, and might even prove beneficial in the event of any upcoming pandemic that has life-threatening effects on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo M. Monda
- Primary Care Department, Diabetes Unit “Santissima Annunziata” Hospital, Cento, Ferrara Italy
| | - Claudio Voci
- University Hospital of the City of Health and Science, Turin, Italy
| | - Felice Strollo
- Department of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Greco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta Hospital, Ferrara, Lagosanto Italy
| | - Marcello Monesi
- Primary Care Department, Diabetes Unit, Ferrara “Sant’Anna” Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renato Bigoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta Hospital, Ferrara, Lagosanto Italy
| | - Francesca Porcellati
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perugia University School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Piani
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Department of Primary Care, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Ersilia Satta
- Nefrocenter Research Network, Cava dè Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sandro Gentile
- Nefrocenter Research Network, Cava dè Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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23
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Tempia Valenta S, Stecchi M, Perazza F, Nuccitelli C, Villanova N, Pironi L, Atti AR, Petroni ML. Liraglutide 3.0 mg and mental health: can psychiatric symptoms be associated to adherence to therapy? Insights from a clinical audit. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:99. [PMID: 38015342 PMCID: PMC10684642 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, is a medication approved for obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and binge eating, and their impact on therapy adherence. METHODS A clinical audit was carried out on a cohort of 54 adults with obesity treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg. We retrospectively analyzed the connection between psychiatric symptoms assessed through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Adherence to therapy was assessed by the maximum dosage (MD) and treatment duration (TD). RESULTS Notably, a discontinuation rate of 59% was encountered. However, among those who continued the treatment, we observed a negative association between anxiety symptoms (STAI score) and MD, depression symptoms (BDI score) and TD, and a higher likelihood of binge eating (BES score > 17) and TD. Moreover, presence of psychiatric symptoms did not compromise drug's effectiveness in achieving weight loss, which was 4.43% (± 5.5 SD) in the whole sample and 5.3% (± 6.3 SD) in the subgroup evaluated at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION We observed a high discontinuation rate in real-life clinical setting, where Liraglutide 3.0 therapy is paid out-of-pocket. While psychiatric symptoms might play a role in diminishing adherence to therapy, they do not prevent drug's effectiveness to promote weight loss. This finding underscores the potential advantages of liraglutide 3.0 mg therapy for individuals contending with obesity while simultaneously managing mental health challenges. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tempia Valenta
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Stecchi
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Perazza
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Nuccitelli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Villanova
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Pironi
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Demidova TY, Titova VV, Izmaylova MY. [Advantages of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:876-880. [PMID: 38159021 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (arGLP1) are an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), mainly due to increasing insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release by stimulating the respective receptors. Taking into account their positive effect on major cardiovascular events, drugs in this group with proven cardioprotective effects are recommended for patients with T2DM and clinical cardiovascular diseases or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. In this paper, we present an overview of current clinical studies on the clinical efficacy and safety of arGLP1 and discuss current prospects for arGLP1 as a therapy for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Demidova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - V V Titova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - M Y Izmaylova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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25
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Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:431. [PMID: 37981648 PMCID: PMC10658171 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From the research history and milestone events related to hypoxia in cardiovascular development and diseases, The "hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) switch" can be observed from both temporal and spatial perspectives, encompassing the occurrence and progression of hypoxia (gradual decline in oxygen concentration), the acute and chronic manifestations of hypoxia, and the geographical characteristics of hypoxia (natural selection at high altitudes). Furthermore, hypoxia signaling pathways are associated with natural rhythms, such as diurnal and hibernation processes. In addition to innate factors and natural selection, it has been found that epigenetics, as a postnatal factor, profoundly influences the hypoxic response and progression within the cardiovascular system. Within this intricate process, interactions between different tissues and organs within the cardiovascular system and other systems in the context of hypoxia signaling pathways have been established. Thus, it is the time to summarize and to construct a multi-level regulatory framework of hypoxia signaling and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases for developing more therapeutic targets and make reasonable advancements in clinical research, including FDA-approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials, to guide future clinical practice in the field of hypoxia signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Monney M, Jornayvaz FR, Gariani K. GLP-1 receptor agonists effect on cognitive function in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101470. [PMID: 37657738 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone of the incretin family, secreted in response to nutrient ingestion, and plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. GLP-1 receptor agonist has a peripheral and a central action, including stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis, inhibition of glucagon secretion and gastric emptying, and inhibition of food intake. Through their mechanism, their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been extended to the management of obesity, and numerous trials are being conducted to assess their cardiovascular effect. Type 2 diabetes appears to share common pathophysiological mechanisms with the development of cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, related to insulin resistance. In this review, we aim to examine the pathological features between type 2 diabetes and dementia, GLP-1 central effects, and analyze the relevant literature about the effect of GLP-1 analogs on cognitive function of patients with type 2 diabetes but also without. Results tends to show an improvement in some brain markers (e.g. hippocampal connections, cerebral glucose metabolism, hippocampal activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging), but without being able to demonstrate a strong correlation to cognitive scores. Some epidemiological studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may offer a protective effect, by delaying progression to dementia when diabetic patients are treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Ongoing trials are in progress and may provide disease-modifying care for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Monney
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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27
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Sheth S, Patel A, Foreman M, Mumtaz M, Reddy A, Sharaf R, Sheth S, Lucke-Wold B. The protective role of GLP-1 in neuro-ophthalmology. EXPLORATION OF DRUG SCIENCE 2023; 1:221-238. [PMID: 37711214 PMCID: PMC10501042 DOI: 10.37349/eds.2023.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the field of neuro-ophthalmology, the rising rates of neurological and ophthalmological conditions, mismatches between supply and demand of clinicians, and an aging population underscore the urgent need to explore new therapeutic approaches within the field. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), traditionally used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, are becoming increasingly appreciated for their diverse applications. Recently, GLP-1RAs have been approved for the treatment of obesity and recognized for their cardioprotective effects. Emerging evidence indicates some GLP-1RAs can cross the blood-brain barrier and may have neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this article aims to review the literature on the neurologic and neuro-ophthalmic role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). This article describes GLP-1 peptide characteristics and the mechanisms mediating its known role in increasing insulin, decreasing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety. This article identifies the sources and targets of GLP-1 in the brain and review the mechanisms which mediate its neuroprotective effects, as well as implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, the preclinical works which unravel the effects of GLP-1 in ocular dynamics and the preclinical literature regarding GLP-1RA use in the management of several neuro-ophthalmic conditions, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Sheth
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Aashay Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Marco Foreman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Mohammed Mumtaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ramy Sharaf
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Siddharth Sheth
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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28
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Greco S, Monda VM, Valpiani G, Napoli N, Crespini C, Pieraccini F, Marra A, Passaro A. The Impact of GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4is on Hospitalisation and Mortality in the COVID-19 Era: A Two-Year Observational Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2292. [PMID: 37626788 PMCID: PMC10452157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antidiabetic drugs have the ability to produce anti-inflammatory effects regardless of their glucose-lowering action. For this reason, these molecules (including GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4is) were hypothesized to be effective against COVID-19, which is characterized by cytokines hyperactivity and multiorgan inflammation. The aim of our work is to explore the potential protective role of GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4is in COVID-19 (with the disease intended to be a model of an acute stressor) and non-COVID-19 patients over a two-year observation period. Retrospective and one-versus-one analyses were conducted to assess the impact of antidiabetic drugs on the need for hospitalization (in both COVID-19- and non-COVID-19-related cases), in-hospital mortality, and two-year mortality. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the variables associated with these outcomes. Additionally, log-rank tests were used to plot survival curves for each group of subjects, based on their antidiabetic treatment. The performed analyses revealed that despite similar hospitalization rates, subjects undergoing home therapy with GLP-1 RAs exhibited significantly lower mortality rates, even over a two-year period. These individuals demonstrated improved survival estimates both within hospital and non-hospital settings, even during a longer observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Greco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale del Delta, Via Valle Oppio, 2, I-44023 Lagosanto, FE, Italy
| | - Vincenzo M. Monda
- Primary Care Department, Diabetes Unit of “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, Via Giovanni Vicini 2, I-44042 Cento, FE, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Valpiani
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy;
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Programming and Management Control Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy;
| | - Carlo Crespini
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy; (C.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabio Pieraccini
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, I-47121 Forlì, FC, Italy;
| | - Anna Marra
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy; (C.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, I-44124 Cona, FE, Italy
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Khalifa O, Ouararhni K, Errafii K, Alajez NM, Arredouani A. Targeted MicroRNA Profiling Reveals That Exendin-4 Modulates the Expression of Several MicroRNAs to Reduce Steatosis in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11606. [PMID: 37511368 PMCID: PMC10380891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess hepatic lipid accumulation is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which no medication is currently approved. However, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), already approved for treating type 2 diabetes, have lately emerged as possible treatments. Herein we aim to investigate how the GLP-1RA exendin-4 (Ex-4) affects the microRNA (miRNAs) expression profile using an in vitro model of steatosis. Total RNA, including miRNAs, was isolated from control, steatotic, and Ex-4-treated steatotic cells and used for probing a panel of 799 highly curated miRNAs using NanoString technology. Enrichment pathway analysis was used to find the signaling pathways and cellular functions associated with the differentially expressed miRNAs. Our data shows that Ex-4 reversed the expression of a set of miRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted many relevant signaling pathways and cellular functions enriched in the differentially expressed miRNAs, including hepatic fibrosis, insulin receptor, PPAR, Wnt/β-Catenin, VEGF, and mTOR receptor signaling pathways, fibrosis of the liver, cirrhosis of the liver, proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism disorder and proliferation of liver cells. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may play essential roles in the processes driving steatosis reduction in response to GLP-1R agonists, which warrants further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Genomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43151, Morocco
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Bernardini F, Nusca A, Coletti F, La Porta Y, Piscione M, Vespasiano F, Mangiacapra F, Ricottini E, Melfi R, Cavallari I, Ussia GP, Grigioni F. Incretins-Based Therapies and Their Cardiovascular Effects: New Game-Changers for the Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1858. [PMID: 37514043 PMCID: PMC10386670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors were demonstrated to play a markedly protective role for the cardiovascular system beyond their glycemic control. Several cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) reported the association between using these agents and a significant reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and a high cardiovascular risk profile. Moreover, recent evidence highlights a favorable benefit/risk profile in myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary revascularization settings. These clinical effects result from their actions on multiple molecular mechanisms involving the immune system, platelets, and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. This comprehensive review specifically concentrates on these cellular and molecular processes mediating the cardiovascular effects of incretins-like molecules, aiming to improve clinicians' knowledge and stimulate a more extensive use of these drugs in clinical practice as helpful cardiovascular preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bernardini
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nusca
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Coletti
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia La Porta
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Piscione
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vespasiano
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangiacapra
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ricottini
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosetta Melfi
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ussia
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Pandey S, Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W. Multifaceted Roles of GLP-1 and Its Analogs: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms with a Cardiotherapeutic Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:836. [PMID: 37375783 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the chronic metabolic disorders which poses a multitude of life-debilitating challenges, including cardiac muscle impairment, which eventually results in heart failure. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has gained distinct recognition in reinstating glucose homeostasis in diabetes, while it is now largely accepted that it has an array of biological effects in the body. Several lines of evidence have revealed that GLP-1 and its analogs possess cardioprotective effects by various mechanisms related to cardiac contractility, myocardial glucose uptake, cardiac oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Upon binding to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), GLP-1 and its analogs exert their effects via adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP elevation and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s) which stimulates the insulin release in conjunction with enhanced Ca2+ and ATP levels. Recent findings have suggested additional downstream molecular pathways stirred by long-term exposure of GLP-1 analogs, which pave the way for the development of potential therapeutic molecules with longer lasting beneficial effects against diabetic cardiomyopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the GLP-1R-dependent and -independent actions of GLP-1 and its analogs in the protection against cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Duffet L, Williams ET, Gresch A, Chen S, Bhat MA, Benke D, Hartrampf N, Patriarchi T. Optical tools for visualizing and controlling human GLP-1 receptor activation with high spatiotemporal resolution. eLife 2023; 12:86628. [PMID: 37265064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a broadly expressed target of peptide hormones with essential roles in energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as of the blockbuster weight-loss drugs semaglutide and liraglutide. Despite its large clinical relevance, tools to investigate the precise activation dynamics of this receptor with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited. Here, we introduce a novel genetically encoded sensor based on the engineering of a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein into the human GLP1R, named GLPLight1. We demonstrate that fluorescence signal from GLPLight1 accurately reports the expected receptor conformational activation in response to pharmacological ligands with high sensitivity (max ΔF/F0=528%) and temporal resolution (τON = 4.7 s). We further demonstrated that GLPLight1 shows comparable responses to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) derivatives as observed for the native receptor. Using GLPLight1, we established an all-optical assay to characterize a novel photocaged GLP-1 derivative (photo-GLP1) and to demonstrate optical control of GLP1R activation. Thus, the new all-optical toolkit introduced here enhances our ability to study GLP1R activation with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Duffet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elyse T Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gresch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Musadiq A Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Benke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ghosh N, Chacko L, Bhattacharya H, Vallamkondu J, Nag S, Dey A, Karmakar T, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R, Dewanjee S. Exploring the Complex Relationship between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications: Understanding Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Promising Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041126. [PMID: 37189744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular complications are two unmet medical emergencies that can occur together. The rising incidence of heart failure in diabetic populations, in addition to apparent coronary heart disease, ischemia, and hypertension-related complications, has created a more challenging situation. Diabetes, as a predominant cardio-renal metabolic syndrome, is related to severe vascular risk factors, and it underlies various complex pathophysiological pathways at the metabolic and molecular level that progress and converge toward the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM involves several downstream cascades that cause structural and functional alterations of the diabetic heart, such as diastolic dysfunction progressing into systolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and subsequent heart failure over time. The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in diabetes have shown promising results, including improved contractile bioenergetics and significant cardiovascular benefits. The purpose of this article is to highlight the various pathophysiological, metabolic, and molecular pathways that contribute to the development of DCM and its significant effects on cardiac morphology and functioning. Additionally, this article will discuss the potential therapies that may be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD 20850-3173, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Biosciences & Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Tanushree Karmakar
- Dr. B C Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Artasensi A, Mazzolari A, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Fumagalli L. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073094. [PMID: 37049856 PMCID: PMC10095867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highlighted adipose tissue dysfunction as a major factor in the etiology of these conditions since it promotes chronic inflammation, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired adipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of ectopic fat and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state can be effectively ameliorated by the loss of at least 15% of body weight, that is correlated with better glycemic control, decreased likelihood of cardiometabolic disease, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized different effective management strategies to address weight loss, such as bariatric surgery and several classes of drugs, namely metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These drugs act by targeting various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM, and they have been shown to induce significant weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese individuals with T2DM.
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Pugh JE, Cai M, Altieri N, Frost G. A comparison of the effects of resistant starch types on glycemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118229. [PMID: 37051127 PMCID: PMC10085630 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnoses are predicted to reach 643 million by 2030, increasing incidences of cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. Rapidly digestible starch elevates postprandial glycemia and impinges glycemic homeostasis, elevating the risk of developing T2D. Starch can escape digestion by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine when protected by intact plant cell walls (resistant starch type 1), when there is a high concentration of amylose (resistant starch type 2) and when the molecule undergoes retrogradation (resistant starch type 3) or chemical modification (resistant starch type 4). Dietary interventions using resistant starch may improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, few studies have explored the differential effects of resistant starch type. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of the resistant starch from intact plant cell structures (resistant starch type 1) and resistant starch from modified starch molecules (resistant starch types 2-5) on fasting and postprandial glycemia in subjects with T2D and prediabetes. Methods Databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using random-effects models. Sub-group analyses were conducted between subjects with T2D versus prediabetes and types of resistant starch. Results The search identified 36 randomized controlled trials (n = 982), 31 of which could be included in the meta-analysis. Resistant starch type 1 and type 2 lowered acute postprandial blood glucose [SMD (95% CI) = -0.54 (-1.0, -0.07)] and [-0.96 (-1.61, -0.31)]. Resistant starch type 2 improved acute postprandial insulin response [-0.71 (-1.31, -0.11)]. In chronic studies, resistant starch type 1 and 2 lowered postprandial glucose [-0.38 (-0.73, -0.02), -0.29 (-0.53, -0.04), respectively] and resistant starch type 2 intake improved fasting glucose [-0.39 (-0.66, -0.13)] and insulin [-0.40 (-0.60, -0.21)]. Conclusion Resistant starch types 1 and 2 may influence glucose homeostasis via discrete mechanisms, as they appear to influence glycemia differently. Further research into resistant starch types 3, 4, and 5 is required to elucidate their effect on glucose metabolism. The addition of resistant starch as a dietary intervention for those with T2D or prediabetes may prevent further deterioration of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Vaittinen M, Ilha M, Herbers E, Wagner A, Virtanen KA, Pietiläinen KH, Pirinen E, Pihlajamäki J. Liraglutide demonstrates a therapeutic effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in human SGBS adipocytes in vitro. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110635. [PMID: 36958431 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liraglutide (LG), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been shown to improve white adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in mice but not in human adipocytes. Therefore, we explored whether LG has therapeutic efficacy in mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipocytes in vitro. METHODS We tested the effects of short-term (ST-LG: 24 h) and long-term (LT-LG: D0-15 days) treatments in human SGBS adipocytes on mitochondrial respiration, mRNA and protein expression. GLP-1R inhibition was investigated by the co-treatment of GLP-1R inhibitor, exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39) and ST-LG treatment. We also explored the ability of ST-LG to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). RESULTS LT-LG treatment induced the formation of smaller lipid droplets and increased the expression of genes related to lipolysis. Both ST-LG and LT-LG treatments promoted mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, LT-LG treatment increased the expression of a brown adipocyte marker, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, ST-LG rescued TNFα-induced defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism and inflammation in SGBS adipocytes. CONCLUSION LG stimulates mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis in human adipocytes, potentially via UCP-1-mediated adipocyte browning. Importantly, our study demonstrates for the first time that LG has a therapeutic potential on mitochondrial activity in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mariana Ilha
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elena Herbers
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Wagner
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Salmen T, Bobirca FT, Bica IC, Mihai DA, Pop C, Stoian AP. The Safety Profile of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in the Standard of Care Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030839. [PMID: 36983994 PMCID: PMC10051290 DOI: 10.3390/life13030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for their use with other glucose-lowering drugs and drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in a standard-of-care regimen with maximum tolerated doses, and, respectively, when compared with metformin. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational study on 405 patients that were seen in the outpatient clinic of the N Paulescu National Institute for Diabetes Mellitus, Bucharest, Romania, in 2019. Their demographics, metabolic parameters, and medication safety were evaluated at three follow-up visits, from baseline, six months, and twelve months. RESULTS Both SGLT-2is and GLP-1 RAs are safe regarding creatinine, eGFR, urea, GOT, and GPT upon the comparison of the data from the six- and twelve-month visits with the initial visit, and also the twelve-month visit with the six-month visit. Moreover, when comparing SGLT-2is and GLP-1 RAs with metformin, there are safety data only for urea. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, both SGLT-2is and GLP-1 RAs, when used in conjunction with other glucose-lowering, blood-pressure-lowering, and lipid-lowering medications, appeared to be safe for the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School of Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin-Teodor Bobirca
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Cristina Bica
- Doctoral School of Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Pop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Dimitriadis GD, Lambadiari V. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors as Adjuncts to Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes: Benefits and Concerns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e52-e53. [PMID: 36507904 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462-Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462-Haidari, Athens, Greece
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Lebrun LJ, Dusuel A, Xolin M, Le Guern N, Grober J. Activation of TLRs Triggers GLP-1 Secretion in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5333. [PMID: 36982420 PMCID: PMC10049702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract constitutes a large interface with the inner body and is a crucial barrier against gut microbiota and other pathogens. As soon as this barrier is damaged, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by immune system receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin that was originally involved in glucose metabolism and recently shown to be rapidly and strongly induced by luminal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through TLR4 activation. In order to investigate whether the activation of TLRs other than TLR4 also increases GLP-1 secretion, we used a polymicrobial infection model through cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice. TLR pathways were assessed by intraperitoneal injection of specific TLR agonists in mice. Our results show that CLP induces GLP-1 secretion both in wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice. CLP and TLR agonists increase gut and systemic inflammation. Thus, the activation of different TLRs increases GLP-1 secretion. This study highlights for the first time that, in addition to an increased inflammatory status, CLP and TLR agonists also strongly induce total GLP-1 secretion. Microbial-induced GLP-1 secretion is therefore not only a TLR4/LPS-cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène J. Lebrun
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alois Dusuel
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marion Xolin
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Naig Le Guern
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
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Dulaglutide impedes depressive-like behavior persuaded by chronic social defeat stress model in male C57BL/6 mice: Implications on GLP-1R and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Life Sci 2023; 320:121546. [PMID: 36878280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM There is a well-founded relation between bullying and depression, which may eventually lead to suicidal behavior. Repurposing of antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of depression started to glow, which open new horizons to introduce the antidiabetic medications as new treatment picks in depression. Dulaglutide has been approved as remedy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, our scope of work is to investigate the ability of dulaglutide to indulgence depression via deeply reconnoitering the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty mice were divided into two groups; one with and the other without the induction of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Each group was subdivided into two subsets; the first one was treated with saline for 42 days, while the other was treated with saline for 20 days, then with dulaglutide (0.6 mg/kg/week) for four weeks. KEY FINDINGS CSDS group showed a lessening in the social interaction ratio and sucrose consumption. They spent less exploration time in the open arms, and more time in the closed arms in elevated plus maze test as compared to controls. Furthermore, the CSDS group had a higher expression of NOD- like receptor protein-3 which explained the elevation in inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α) along with diminution in GLP-1R, cAMP/PKA levels. Treatment with dulaglutide markedly reversed the above-mentioned parameters via bolstering the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA pathway. SIGNIFICANCE NLRP3 inflammasome activation expedites depression. Dulaglutide activates the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA pathway, hence offering a novel therapeutic intervention to hinder depression.
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Mengesha B, Blatt A, Bloch O, Rapoport MJ. Low soluble dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 levels during acute myocardial infarction and decreased endogenous glucagon like Peptide-1 response are associated with adverse long-term cardiovascular outcome and mortality: A pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13897. [PMID: 36345656 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethlehem Mengesha
- Department of Cardiology, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Yaakov, Israel.,Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alex Blatt
- Cardiology Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated with Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Bloch
- Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.,Immunology and Diabetes research laboratory, Shamir medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Micha J Rapoport
- Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.,Immunology and Diabetes research laboratory, Shamir medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine "C", Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
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Fan X, He Y, Wu G, Chen H, Cheng X, Zhan Y, An C, Chen T, Wang X. Sirt3 activates autophagy to prevent DOX-induced senescence by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1869:119300. [PMID: 36521686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, regulates mitochondrial redox homeostasis and autophagy and is involved in physiological and pathological processes such as aging, cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. We here investigate how Sirt3 regulates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescence in lung cancer A549 cells. Sirt3 greatly reduced DOX-induced upregulation of senescence marker proteins p53, p16, p21 and SA-β-Gal activity as well as ROS levels. Notably, Sirt3 reversed DOX-induced autophagic flux blockage, as shown by increased p62 degradation and LC3II/LC3I ratio. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) partially abolished the antioxidant stress and antiaging effects of Sirt3, while the autophagy activator rapamycin (Rap) potentiated these effects of Sirt3, demonstrating that autophagy mediates the anti-aging effects of Sirt3. Additionally, Sirt3 inhibited the DOX-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which in turn activated autophagy. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 promoted the antioxidant stress and antiaging effects of Sirt3, while the AKT activator SC-79 reversed these effects of Sirt3. Taken together, Sirt3 counteracts DOX-induced senescence by improving autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guihao Wu
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongtong Zhan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chunchun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Chen H, Cao T, Zhang B, Cai H. The regulatory effects of second-generation antipsychotics on lipid metabolism: Potential mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota and therapeutic implications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097284. [PMID: 36762113 PMCID: PMC9905135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases but cause a high risk of disruption to lipid metabolism, which is an intractable therapeutic challenge worldwide. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this lipid disturbance are complex, an increasing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of the gut microbiota in SGA-induced lipid dysregulation since SGA treatment may alter the abundance and composition of the intestinal microflora. The subsequent effects involve the generation of different categories of signaling molecules by gut microbes such as endogenous cannabinoids, cholesterol, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and gut hormones that regulate lipid metabolism. On the one hand, these signaling molecules can directly activate the vagus nerve or be transported into the brain to influence appetite via the gut-brain axis. On the other hand, these molecules can also regulate related lipid metabolism via peripheral signaling pathways. Interestingly, therapeutic strategies directly targeting the gut microbiota and related metabolites seem to have promising efficacy in the treatment of SGA-induced lipid disturbances. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how SGAs can induce disturbances in lipid metabolism by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
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Clinical and Pharmacotherapeutic Profile of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to a Hospital Emergency Department. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020256. [PMID: 36830792 PMCID: PMC9953569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with other pathologies, which may require complex therapeutic approaches. We aim to characterize the clinical and pharmacological profile of T2DM patients admitted to an emergency department. Patients aged ≥65 years and who were already using at least one antidiabetic drug were included in this analysis. Blood glycemia, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hemoglobin were analyzed for each patient, as well as personal pathological history, diagnosis(s) at admission, and antidiabetic drugs used before. Outcome variables were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, and linear regression test. In total, 420 patients were randomly selected (48.6% male and 51.4% female). Patients with family support showed a lower incidence of high glycemia at admission (p = 0.016). Higher blood creatinine levels were associated with higher blood glycemia (p = 0.005), and hyperuricemia (HU) (p = 0.001), as well as HU, was associated with a higher incidence of acute cardiovascular diseases (ACD) (p = 0.007). Hemoglobin levels are lower with age (p = 0.0001), creatinine (p = 0.009), and female gender (p = 0.03). The lower the AST/ALT ratio, the higher the glycemia at admission (p < 0.0001). Obese patients with (p = 0.021) or without (p = 0.027) concomitant dyslipidemia had a higher incidence of ACD. Insulin (p = 0.003) and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP1 RA) (p = 0.023) were associated with a higher incidence of decompensated heart failure, while sulfonylureas (p = 0.009), metformin-associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) (p = 0.029) or to a sulfonylurea (p = 0.003) with a lower incidence. Metformin, in monotherapy or associated with DPP4i, was associated with a lower incidence of acute kidney injury (p = 0.017) or acute chronic kidney injury (p = 0.014). SGLT2i monotherapy (p = 0.0003), associated with metformin (p = 0.026) or with DPP4i (p = 0.007), as well as insulin and sulfonylurea association (p = 0.026), were associated with hydroelectrolytic disorders, unlike GLP1 RA (p = 0.017), DPP4i associated with insulin (p = 0.034) or with a GLP1 RA (p = 0.003). Insulin was mainly used by autonomous and institutionalized patients (p = 0.0008), while metformin (p = 0.003) and GLP1 RA (p < 0.0001) were used by autonomous patients. Sulfonylureas were mostly used by male patients (p = 0.027), while SGLT2 (p = 0.0004) and GLP1 RA (p < 0.0001) were mostly used by patients within the age group 65-85 years. Sulfonylureas (p = 0.008), insulin associated with metformin (p = 0.040) or with a sulfonylurea (p = 0.048), as well as DPP4i and sulfonylurea association (p = 0.031), were associated with higher blood glycemia. T2DM patients are characterized by great heterogeneity from a clinical point of view presenting with several associated comorbidities, so the pharmacotherapeutic approach must consider all aspects that may affect disease progression.
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Maanvi, Kumari S, Deshmukh R. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4) inhibitors stride up the management of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175426. [PMID: 36544303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the 2nd most common age-related hypokinetic disorder, characterized by dopaminergic degeneration and movement abnormalities. Dopaminergic degeneration in the basal ganglia is primarily seen in PD patients. The therapeutic strategies currently under investigation are to rescue dopaminergic degeneration and promote neuronal regeneration, which could halt disease progression. On the other hand, the therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs used in other disorders has been repurposed in neurodegenerative pathologies. DPP4 inhibitors widely used in treating diabetes have been considered viable target sites and are being tested for efficacy in neurodegenerative pathologies. DPP4 inhibitors have been reported to rescue neuronal degeneration and improve motor functions in various preclinical and clinical PD studies. The current review is focused on the neuroprotective potential, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of DPP4 inhibitors in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
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Panagaki T, Randi EB, Szabo C, Hölscher C. Incretin Mimetics Restore the ER-Mitochondrial Axis and Switch Cell Fate Towards Survival in LUHMES Dopaminergic-Like Neurons: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1149-1174. [PMID: 37718851 PMCID: PMC10657688 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide. Available therapeutic interventions do not stop disease progression. The etiopathogenesis of PD includes unbalanced calcium dynamics and chronic dysfunction of the axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that all can gradually favor protein aggregation and dopaminergic degeneration. OBJECTIVE In Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) dopaminergic-like neurons, we tested novel incretin mimetics under conditions of persistent, calcium-dependent ER stress. METHODS We assessed the pharmacological effects of Liraglutide-a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog-and the dual incretin GLP-1/GIP agonist DA3-CH in the unfolded protein response (UPR), cell bioenergetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, macroautophagy, and intracellular signaling for cell fate in terminally differentiated LUHMES cells. Cells were co-stressed with the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, thapsigargin. RESULTS We report that Liraglutide and DA3-CH analogs rescue the arrested oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. They mitigate the suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and hyper-polarization of the mitochondrial membrane, all to re-establish normalcy of mitochondrial function under conditions of chronic ER stress. These effects correlate with a resolution of the UPR and the deficiency of components for autophagosome formation to ultimately halt the excessive synaptic and neuronal death. Notably, the dual incretin displayed a superior anti-apoptotic effect, when compared to Liraglutide. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the protective effects of incretin signaling in ER and mitochondrial stress for neuronal degeneration management and further explain the incretin-derived effects observed in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B. Randi
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Research & Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Nasimi F, Jamialahmadi T, Stanford FC, Sahebkar A. Benefits of GLP-1 Mimetics on Epicardial Adiposity. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:4256-4265. [PMID: 36642880 PMCID: PMC10293101 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230113110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue, which is referred to as fats surrounding the myocardium, is an active organ able to induce cardiovascular problems in pathophysiologic conditions through several pathways, such as inflammation, fibrosis, fat infiltration, and electrophysiologic problems. So, control of its volume and thickness, especially in patients with diabetes, is highly important. Incretin-based pharmacologic agents are newly developed antidiabetics that could provide further cardiovascular benefits through control and modulating epicardial adiposity. They can reduce cardiovascular risks by rapidly reducing epicardial adipose tissues, improving cardiac efficiency. We are at the first steps of a long way, but current evidence demonstrates the sum of possible mechanisms. In this study, we evaluate epicardial adiposity in physiologic and pathologic states and the impact of incretin-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasimi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatima C. Stanford
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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48
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Chen SD, Chuang YC, Lin TK, Yang JL. Alternative role of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175439. [PMID: 36470445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a crucial risk factor for common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Limited options are available for the treatment of age-related, multiple pathogenic mechanism-contributed diseases that usually advance to irreversible conditions with severe neurological deficits and result in a heavy socioeconomic burden on patients, families, and society. A therapy that decelerates disease progression and reduces the socioeconomic burden stemming from these diseases is required. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an important class of medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Through pancreatic effects, GLP-1R agonists can stimulate insulin secretion, increase β-cell proliferation, reduce β-cell apoptosis, and inhibit glucagon secretion in patients with T2DM. Currently, seven clinically approved GLP-1R agonists are used for T2DM: exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, extended-release exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide. Besides the pancreas, GLP-1Rs are also expressed in organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lung, kidney, and brain, indicating their potential use in diseases other than T2DM. Emerging evidence reveals that GLP-1R agonists possess pleiotropic effects that enrich neurogenesis, diminish apoptosis, preclude neurons from oxidative stress, and reduce neuroinflammation in various neurological conditions. These favorable effects may also be employed in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress, both in preclinical studies and clinical trials, regarding these clinically used GLP-1R agonists in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, mainly AD and PD. We stress the pleiotropic characteristics of GLP-1R agonists as repurposing drugs to target multiple pathological mechanisms and for use in the future for these devastating neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
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The Interaction of Food Allergy and Diabetes: Food Allergy Effects on Diabetic Mice by Intestinal Barrier Destruction and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Reduction in Jejunum. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233758. [PMID: 36496564 PMCID: PMC9741085 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in food allergies and diabetes leads to the assumption that they are related. This study aimed to (1) verify the interaction between food allergy and diabetes and (2) explore the potential mechanisms by which food allergy promotes diabetes. Female BALB/c mice were grouped into a control group (CK), an ovalbumin-sensitized group (OVA), a diabetes group (STZ), and a diabetic allergic group (STZ + OVA) (Mice were modeled diabetes with STZ first, then were given OVA to model food allergies), and an allergic diabetic group (OVA + STZ) (Mice were modeled food allergies with OVA first, then were given STZ to model diabetes). The results showed that OVA + STZ mice exhibited a more serious Th2 humoral response, and they were more susceptible to diabetes. Furthermore, when the OVA + STZ mice were in the sensitized state, the intestinal barrier function was severely impaired, and mast cell activation was promoted. Moreover, we found that the effect of food allergy on diabetes is related to the inhibition of GLP-1 secretion and the up-regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB P65 signaling pathway in the jejunum. Overall, our results suggest that food allergies have interactions with diabetes, which sheds new light on the importance of food allergies in diabetes.
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50
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Park S, Oh S, Kim EK. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide leads to multiple metabolic alterations in diet-induced obese mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102682. [PMID: 36356900 PMCID: PMC9730228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, has beneficial metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Although the high efficacy of liraglutide as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug is well known, liraglutide-induced metabolic alterations in diverse tissues remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the changes in metabolic profiles induced by a 2-week subcutaneous injection of liraglutide in diet-induced obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Our comprehensive metabolomic analyses of the hypothalamus, plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle showed that liraglutide intervention led to various metabolic alterations in comparison with diet-induced obese or nonobese mice. We found that liraglutide remarkably coordinated not only fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle but also amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in plasma and liver. Comparative analyses of metabolite dynamics revealed that liraglutide rewired intertissue metabolic correlations. Our study points to a previously unappreciated metabolic alteration by liraglutide in several tissues, which may underlie its therapeutic effects within and across the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoon Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,For correspondence: Eun-Kyoung Kim
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