1
|
Tubman VN, Maysonet D, Estrada N, Halder T, Ramos L, Bhamidipati S, Carisey AF, Minard CG, Allen CE. Unswitched memory B cell deficiency in children with sickle cell disease and response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:1084-1094. [PMID: 38708915 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Early mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) is attributed to increased infections due to loss of splenic function. Marginal zone B cells are important for initial opsonization of pathogens and can be absent in spleen histopathology in SCD. The frequency of unswitched memory B cells (UMBC), the circulating correlate of marginal zone B cells, reflects the immunologic function of the spleen. We hypothesized that asplenia in SCD is associated with alterations in the peripheral blood lymphocyte population and explored whether UMBC deficiency was associated with a clinical phenotype. We analyzed B cell subsets and clinical history for 238 children with SCD and 63 controls. The median proportion of UMBCs was lower in children with SCD compared with controls (4.7% vs. 6.6%, p < .001). Naïve B cells were higher in SCD compared with controls (80.6 vs. 76.3%, respectively, p = .02). UMBC frequency declined by 3.4% per year increase in age in SCD (95% CI: 2%, 4.7%, p < .001), but not in controls. A majority of children in all cohorts had an IgM concentration in the normal range for age and there were no differences between groups (p = .13). Subjects developed titers adequate for long-term protection to fewer serotypes in the polysaccharide vaccine than controls (14.7 vs. 19.4, p < .001). In this cohort, bacteremia was rare and specific clinical complications were not associated with UMBC proportion. In summary, UMBC deficiency occurs in SCD and is associated with age. Future studies should investigate B cell subsets prospectively and identify the mechanism of B cell loss in the spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venée N Tubman
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- The William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Maysonet
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Norma Estrada
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tripti Halder
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alexandre F Carisey
- The William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G Minard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carl E Allen
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitchell RA, Ubillos I, Requena P, Campo JJ, Ome-Kaius M, Hanieh S, Umbers A, Samol P, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Bardají A, Mueller I, Menéndez C, Rogerson S, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with inhibitory markers on T cells that correlate with atypical memory and marginal zone-like B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:172-191. [PMID: 38387476 PMCID: PMC11036110 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation from persistent malaria infections can induce immunophenotypic changes associated with T-cell exhaustion. However, associations between T and B cells during chronic exposure remain undefined. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from malaria-exposed pregnant women from Papua New Guinea and Spanish malaria-naïve individuals using flow cytometry to profile T-cell exhaustion markers phenotypically. T-cell lineage (CD3, CD4, and CD8), inhibitory (PD1, TIM3, LAG3, CTLA4, and 2B4), and senescence (CD28-) markers were assessed. Dimensionality reduction methods revealed increased PD1, TIM3, and LAG3 expression in malaria-exposed individuals. Manual gating confirmed significantly higher frequencies of PD1+CD4+ and CD4+, CD8+, and double-negative (DN) T cells expressing TIM3 in malaria-exposed individuals. Increased frequencies of T cells co-expressing multiple markers were also found in malaria-exposed individuals. T-cell data were analyzed with B-cell populations from a previous study where we reported an alteration of B-cell subsets, including increased frequencies of atypical memory B cells (aMBC) and reduction in marginal zone (MZ-like) B cells during malaria exposure. Frequencies of aMBC subsets and MZ-like B cells expressing CD95+ had significant positive correlations with CD28+PD1+TIM3+CD4+ and DN T cells and CD28+TIM3+2B4+CD8+ T cells. Frequencies of aMBC, known to associate with malaria anemia, were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels in malaria-exposed women. Similarly, inverse correlations with hemoglobin levels were found for TIM3+CD8+ and CD28+PD1+TIM3+CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide further insights into the effects of chronic malaria exposure on circulating B- and T-cell populations, which could impact immunity and responses to vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Umbers
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Paula Samol
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Little JS, Oakley MS, Thorner AR, Johnston D, Majam V, Liakos AD, Novack LA, Zheng H, Meredith S, Chou CK, Newton BR, Soiffer RJ, Krause PJ, Baden LR, Kumar S. Immune Control in Repeated Babesia microti Infection in a Patient With B-Cell Deficiency. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad568. [PMID: 38213635 PMCID: PMC10783156 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunology of human babesiosis is poorly investigated. We present a comprehensive investigation of a 75-year-old man with B-cell deficiency who experienced 3 episodes of babesiosis over a 6-year period. Slowly evolving clinical immunity was observed, as evidenced by milder clinical symptoms and lower peak parasite burden after each subsequent babesiosis episode. The patient exhibited several striking immunologic findings. First, the patient had exceptionally high Babesia microti-specific antibodies despite very few circulating B cells, which predominantly coexpressed CD27 (memory marker) and CD95 (death receptor). Second, we demonstrated the presence of long-lasting NK cells and expansion of T memory stem cells. Third, levels of the IP-10 cytokine directly correlated with parasite burden. These results raise fundamental questions on the priming, maintenance, and location of a B-cell population that produces high antibody levels in the face of severe B-cell deficiency. Our results should invoke interest among researchers to study the immunology and pathogenesis of human babesiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Little
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miranda S Oakley
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna R Thorner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demerise Johnston
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Majam
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis D Liakos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis A Novack
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Meredith
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin R Newton
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Krause
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saleh Z, Mehdipour F, Ataollahi MR, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. Frequency of B-Cell Subpopulations in Low Responders in Comparison with High Responders to Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Health Care Workers. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:296. [PMID: 37488238 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B (HB) infection. The goal of vaccination is to induce immunological memory. Hence, determining the frequency of memory B-cell (MBC) subsets is an important indicator of vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of different B-cell subpopulations and the expression of PD-1 on B-cell subsets in low responders (LR) and high responders (HR) to HB vaccine. According to our findings, the expression level of PD-1 was significantly higher on atypical MBC (atMBC) than that of naive B cell and classical MBC (cMBC) in LR and HR groups. Moreover, cMBCs had a significant higher PD-1 expression than naive B cells in LR group. No significant differences were found in the frequency of various B-cell subpopulations and the expression level of PD-1 on B-cell subsets between LR and HR groups. We observed a negative correlation between age and HBsAb titer and a positive correlation between age and PD-1 expression level on cMBC in LR group. It can be concluded that inadequate specific memory B-cell response, rather than total memory B-cell deficiency, may be implicated in low responsive rate to HB vaccine in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ataollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig, Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van der Boor SC, Alkema M, van Gemert GJ, Teelen K, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Walk J, van Crevel R, de Mast Q, Ockenhouse CF, Sauerwein RW, McCall MBB. Whole sporozoite immunization with Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 in a randomized trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:137. [PMID: 37024868 PMCID: PMC10079489 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole sporozoite immunization under chemoprophylaxis (CPS regime) induces long-lasting sterile homologous protection in the controlled human malaria infection model using Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54. The relative proficiency of liver-stage parasite development may be an important factor determining immunization efficacy. Previous studies show that Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 produces relatively high numbers of large liver-stage schizonts in vitro. Here, we evaluate this strain for use in CPS immunization regimes. METHODS In a partially randomized, open-label study conducted at the Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, healthy, malaria-naïve adults were immunized by three rounds of fifteen or five NF135-infected mosquito bites under mefloquine prophylaxis (cohort A) or fifteen NF135-infected mosquito bites and presumptive treatment with artemether/lumefantrine (cohort B). Cohort A participants were exposed to a homologous challenge 19 weeks after immunization. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CPS immunizations with NF135. RESULTS Relatively high liver-to-blood inocula were observed during immunization with NF135 in both cohorts. Eighteen of 30 (60%) high-dose participants and 3/10 (30%) low-dose participants experienced grade 3 adverse events 7 to 21 days following their first immunization. All cohort A participants and two participants in cohort B developed breakthrough blood-stage malaria infections during immunizations requiring rescue treatment. The resulting compromised immunizations induced modest sterile protection against homologous challenge in cohort A (5/17; 29%). CONCLUSIONS These CPS regimes using NF135 were relatively poorly tolerated and frequently required rescue treatment, thereby compromising immunization efficiency and protective efficacy. Consequently, the full potential of NF135 sporozoites for induction of immune protection remains inconclusive. Nonetheless, the high liver-stage burden achieved by this strain highlights it as an interesting potential candidate for novel whole sporozoite immunization approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03813108.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia C van der Boor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Alkema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karina Teelen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present affiliation: TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5-C02, 6534 AT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Present affiliation: TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5-C02, 6534 AT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthew B B McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalkal M, Das J. Current understanding of the immune potential of B-cell subsets in malarial pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1046002. [PMID: 36778886 PMCID: PMC9909418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, our understanding of how B cells are generated and what function they perform has continued to advance. It is widely accepted that B-cell subsets play a critical role in mediating immune response. Surprisingly, human and murine malarial infections cause major alterations in the composition of B-cell subsets in both the spleen and periphery. Multiple B-cell subsets are well characterized in murine models following primary and secondary infection, although in human malarial infection, these subsets are not well defined. Furthermore, a rare known function of B cells includes the potential role of regulating the activities of other cells in the body as regulatory cells. Plasmodium infection strongly alters the frequency of these regulatory B cells indicating the immunoregulatory function of B cells in malarial. It is important to note that these subsets, taken together, form the cellular basis of humoral immune responses, allowing protection against a wide array of Plasmodium antigens to be achieved. However, it remains a challenge and an important area of investigation to understand how these B-cell subsets work together to provide protection against Plasmodium infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Beeson JG, Kurtovic L, Valim C, Asante KP, Boyle MJ, Mathanga D, Dobano C, Moncunill G. The RTS,S malaria vaccine: Current impact and foundation for the future. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo6646. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The RTS,S vaccine has recently been recommended for implementation as a childhood vaccine in regions with moderate-to-high malaria transmission. We discuss mechanisms of vaccine protection and longevity, implementation considerations, and future research needed to increase the vaccine’s health impact, including vaccine modifications for higher efficacy and longevity of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liriye Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Michelle J. Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Don Mathanga
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Carlota Dobano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corrente F, Terreri S, Palomba P, Capponi C, Mirabella M, Perno CF, Carsetti R. CD21 - CD27 - Atypical B Cells in a Pediatric Cohort Study: An Extensive Single Center Flow Cytometric Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:822400. [PMID: 35722474 PMCID: PMC9204099 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.822400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical B cells (atBCs) are a distinct B-cell population and represent approximately 5% of B cells in peripheral blood (PB) of healthy adult individuals. However, in adults these cells are expanded in conditions of chronic infections, inflammation, primary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and aging. Their immunophenotype is characterized by the lack of CD21 expression and the hallmark human memory B-cell marker CD27. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype of atBCs in different pediatric pathological conditions and correlated their expansion with the children's clinical diagnosis. We were able to retrospectively evaluate 1,571 consecutive PB samples, corresponding to 1,180 pediatric patients, by using a 9-color flow-cytometric panel. The results, compared with a pediatric healthy cohort, confirmed an expansion of atBCs in patient samples with percentages greater than 5% of total B cells. Four subpopulations with different expressions of IgM and IgD were discriminated: IgM+IgD+, IgM+-only, IgD+-only, and IgM-IgD-. IgG+ atBCs were predominant in the IgM- IgD- subpopulation. Moreover, the study highlighted some features of atBCs, such as a low CD38 expression, a heterogeneity of CD24, a high expression of CD19 and a large cell size. We also demonstrated that an increase of atBCs in a pediatric cohort is correlated with immunodeficiencies, autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders, consistent with previous studies mainly performed in adults. Furthermore, our flow cytometric clustering analysis corroborated the recent hypothesis of an alternative B origin for atBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Corrente
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Palomba
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Capponi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mirabella
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oyong DA, Loughland JR, Soon MSF, Chan JA, Andrew D, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Olver SD, Collinge AD, Varelias A, Beeson JG, Kenangalem E, Price RN, Anstey NM, Minigo G, Boyle MJ. Adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria have higher magnitude and quality of circulating T-follicular helper cells compared to children. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103784. [PMID: 34968760 PMCID: PMC8718734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protective malarial antibodies are acquired more rapidly in adults than children, independently of cumulative exposure, however the cellular responses mediating these differences are unknown. CD4 T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells have key roles in inducing antibodies, with Th2-Tfh cell activation associated with antibody development in malaria. Whether Tfh cell activation in malaria is age dependent is unknown and no studies have compared Tfh cell activation in children and adults with malaria. METHODS We undertook a comprehensive study of Tfh cells, along with B cells and antibody induction in children and adults with malaria. Activation and proliferation of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cell subsets was measured ex vivo and parasite-specific Tfh cell frequencies and functions studied with Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assays and intracellular cytokine staining. FINDINGS During acute malaria, the magnitude of cTfh cell activation was higher in adults than in children and occurred across all cTfh cell subsets in adults but was restricted only to the Th1-cTfh subset in children. Further, adults had higher levels of parasite-specific cTfh cells, and cTfh cells which produced more Th2-Tfh associated cytokine IL-4. Consistent with a role of higher Tfh cell activation in rapid immune development in adults, adults had higher activation of B cells during infection and higher induction of antibodies 7 and 28 days after malaria compared to children. INTERPRETATION Our data provide evidence that age impacts Tfh cell activation during malaria, and that these differences may influence antibody induction after treatment. Findings have important implications for vaccine development in children. FUNDING This word was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Wellcome Trust, Charles Darwin University Menzies School of Health Research, Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation, and National Health Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Oyong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jessica R Loughland
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Chan
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart D Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alika D Collinge
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- Timika Malaria Research Program, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Papua, Indonesia; District Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonzales SJ, Bol S, Braddom AE, Sullivan R, Reyes RA, Ssewanyana I, Eggers E, Greenhouse B, Bunnik EM. Longitudinal analysis of FcRL5 expression and clonal relationships among classical and atypical memory B cells following malaria. Malar J 2021; 20:435. [PMID: 34758841 PMCID: PMC8579674 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and frequently recurring infectious diseases, such as malaria, are associated with expanded populations of atypical memory B cells (MBCs). These cells are different from classical MBCs by the lack of surface markers CD21 and CD27 and increased expression of inhibitory receptors, such as FcRL5. While the phenotype and conditions leading to neogenesis of atypical MBCs in malaria-experienced individuals have been studied extensively, the origin of these cells remains equivocal. Functional similarities between FcRL5+ atypical MBCs and FcRL5+ classical MBCs have been reported, suggesting that these cells may be developmentally related. METHODS Here, a longitudinal analysis of FcRL5 expression in various B cell subsets was performed in two children from a high transmission region in Uganda over a 6-month period in which both children experienced a malaria episode. Using B-cell receptor (BCR)-sequencing to track clonally related cells, the connections between IgM+ and IgG+ atypical MBCs and other B cell subsets were studied. RESULTS The highest expression of FcRL5 was found among IgG+ atypical MBCs, but FcRL5+ cells were present in all MBC subsets. Following malaria, FcRL5 expression increased in all IgM+ MBC subsets analysed here: classical, activated, and atypical MBCs, while results for IgG+ MBC subsets were inconclusive. IgM+ atypical MBCs showed few connections with other B cell subsets, higher turnover than IgG+ atypical MBCs, and were predominantly derived from naïve B cells and FcRL5- IgM+ classical MBCs. In contrast, IgG+ atypical MBCs were clonally expanded and connected with classical MBCs. IgG+ atypical MBCs present after a malaria episode mainly originated from FcRL5+ IgG+ classical MBCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest fundamental differences between unswitched and class-switched B cell populations and provide clues about the primary developmental pathways of atypical MBCs in malaria-experienced individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jake Gonzales
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley E Braddom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Shape Therapeutics, 219 Terry St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erica Eggers
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Braddom AE, Bol S, Gonzales SJ, Reyes RA, Musinguzi K, Nankya F, Ssewanyana I, Greenhouse B, Bunnik EM. B Cell Receptor Repertoire Analysis in Malaria-Naive and Malaria-Experienced Individuals Reveals Unique Characteristics of Atypical Memory B Cells. mSphere 2021; 6:e0072621. [PMID: 34523978 PMCID: PMC8550134 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00726-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality globally. Chronic Plasmodium falciparum exposure affects the B cell compartment, leading to the accumulation of atypical memory B cells (atMBCs). IgM-positive (IgM+) and IgG+ atMBCs have not been compared in-depth in the context of malaria, nor is it known if atMBCs in malaria-experienced individuals are different from phenotypically similar B cells in individuals with no known history of Plasmodium exposure. To address these questions, we characterized the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire of naive B cells (NBCs), IgM+ and IgG+ classical MBCs (cMBCs), and IgM+ and IgG+ atMBCs from 13 malaria-naive American adults and 7 malaria-experienced Ugandan adults. Our results demonstrate that P. falciparum exposure mainly drives changes in atMBCs. In comparison to malaria-naive adults, the BCR repertoire of Plasmodium-exposed adults showed increased levels of somatic hypermutation in the heavy chain V region in IgM+ and IgG+ atMBCs, shorter heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) in IgG+ atMBCs, and increased usage of IGHV3-73 in IgG+ cMBCs and both IgM+ and IgG+ atMBCs. Irrespective of Plasmodium exposure, IgM+ atMBCs closely resembled NBCs, while IgG+ atMBCs resembled IgG+ cMBCs. Physicochemical properties of the HCDR3 seemed to be intrinsic to cell type and independent of malaria experience. The resemblance between atMBCs from Plasmodium-exposed and naive adults suggests similar differentiation pathways regardless of chronic antigen exposure. Moreover, these data demonstrate that IgM+ and IgG+ atMBCs are distinct populations that should be considered separately in future analyses. IMPORTANCE Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, still contributes to a high global burden of disease, mainly in children under 5 years of age. Chronic and recurrent Plasmodium infections affect the development of B cell memory against the parasite and promote the accumulation of atypical memory B cells (atMBCs), which have an unclear function in the immune response. Understanding where these cells originate from and whether they are beneficial in the immune response to Plasmodium will help inform vaccination development efforts. We found differences in B cell receptor (BCR) properties of atMBCs between malaria-naive and malaria-experienced adults that are suggestive of divergent selection processes, resulting in more somatic hypermutation and differential immunoglobulin heavy chain V (IGHV) gene usage. Despite these differences, atMBCs from malaria-naive and malaria-experienced adults also showed many similarities in BCR characteristics, such as physicochemical properties of the HCDR3 region, suggesting that atMBCs undergo similar differentiation pathways in response to different pathogens. Our study provides new insights into the effects of malaria experience on the B cell compartment and the relationships between atMBCs and other B cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Braddom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - S. Jake Gonzales
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raphael A. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carsetti R, Terreri S, Conti MG, Fernandez Salinas A, Corrente F, Capponi C, Albano C, Piano Mortari E. Comprehensive phenotyping of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes in healthy conditions. Cytometry A 2021; 101:131-139. [PMID: 34664397 PMCID: PMC9546334 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The B cell compartment provides innate and adaptive immune defenses against pathogens. Different B cell subsets, reflecting the maturation stages of B cells, have noninterchangeable functions and roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview of the B cell subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. A specific gating strategy is also described to clearly and univocally identify B cell subsets based on the their phenotypic traits by flow cytometric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Corrente
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Capponi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Albano
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ciocca M, Zaffina S, Fernandez Salinas A, Bocci C, Palomba P, Conti MG, Terreri S, Frisullo G, Giorda E, Scarsella M, Brugaletta R, Vinci MR, Magnavita N, Carsetti R, Piano Mortari E. Evolution of Human Memory B Cells From Childhood to Old Age. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690534. [PMID: 34367150 PMCID: PMC8343175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality medical assistance and preventive strategies, including pursuing a healthy lifestyle, result in a progressively growing percentage of older people. The population and workforce is aging in all countries of the world. It is widely recognized that older individuals show an increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced response to vaccination suggesting that the aged immune system is less able to react and consequently protect the organism. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is dramatically showing us that the organism reacts to novel pathogens in an age-dependent manner. The decline of the immune system observed in aging remains unclear. We aimed to understand the role of B cells. We analyzed peripheral blood from children (4-18 years); young people (23-60 years) and elderly people (65-91 years) by flow cytometry. We also measured antibody secretion by ELISA following a T-independent stimulation. Here we show that the elderly have a significant reduction of CD27dull memory B cells, a population that bridges innate and adaptive immune functions. In older people, memory B cells are mostly high specialized antigen-selected CD27bright. Moreover, after in vitro stimulation with CpG, B cells from older individuals produced significantly fewer IgM and IgA antibodies compared to younger individuals. Aging is a complex process characterized by a functional decline in multiple physiological systems. The immune system of older people is well equipped to react to often encountered antigens but has a low ability to respond to new pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ciocca
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bocci
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Palomba
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Holla P, Dizon B, Ambegaonkar AA, Rogel N, Goldschmidt E, Boddapati AK, Sohn H, Sturdevant D, Austin JW, Kardava L, Yuesheng L, Liu P, Moir S, Pierce SK, Madi A. Shared transcriptional profiles of atypical B cells suggest common drivers of expansion and function in malaria, HIV, and autoimmunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabg8384. [PMID: 34039612 PMCID: PMC8153733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infectious diseases have a substantial impact on the human B cell compartment including a notable expansion of B cells here termed atypical B cells (ABCs). Using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we uncovered and characterized heterogeneities in naïve B cell, classical memory B cells, and ABC subsets. We showed remarkably similar transcriptional profiles for ABC clusters in malaria, HIV, and autoimmune diseases and demonstrated that interferon-γ drove the expansion of ABCs in malaria. These observations suggest that ABCs represent a separate B cell lineage with a common inducer that further diversifies and acquires disease-specific characteristics and functions. In malaria, we identified ABC subsets based on isotype expression that differed in expansion in African children and in B cell receptor repertoire characteristics. Of particular interest, IgD+IgMlo and IgD-IgG+ ABCs acquired a high antigen affinity threshold for activation, suggesting that ABCs may limit autoimmune responses to low-affinity self-antigens in chronic malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brian Dizon
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhijit A Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Noga Rogel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ella Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dan Sturdevant
- RML Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - James W Austin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Yuesheng
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poching Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Introduction: An effective vaccine against malaria forms a global health priority. Both naturally acquired immunity and sterile protection induced by irradiated sporozoite immunization were described decades ago. Still no vaccine exists that sufficiently protects children in endemic areas. Identifying immunological correlates of vaccine efficacy can inform rational vaccine design and potentially accelerate clinical development.Areas covered: We discuss recent research on immunological correlates of malaria vaccine efficacy, including: insights from state-of-the-art omics platforms and systems vaccinology analyses; functional anti-parasitic assays; pre-immunization predictors of vaccine efficacy; and comparison of correlates of vaccine efficacy against controlled human malaria infections (CHMI) and against naturally acquired infections.Expert Opinion: Effective vaccination may be achievable without necessarily understanding immunological correlates, but the relatively disappointing efficacy of malaria vaccine candidates in target populations is concerning. Hypothesis-generating omics and systems vaccinology analyses, alongside assessment of pre-immunization correlates, have the potential to bring about paradigm-shifts in malaria vaccinology. Functional assays may represent in vivo effector mechanisms, but have scarcely been formally assessed as correlates. Crucially, evidence is still meager that correlates of vaccine efficacy against CHMI correspond with those against naturally acquired infections in target populations. Finally, the diversity of immunological assays and efficacy endpoints across malaria vaccine trials remains a major confounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew B B McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cai C, Hu Z, Yu X. Accelerator or Brake: Immune Regulators in Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:610121. [PMID: 33363057 PMCID: PMC7758250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide each year, eradicating malaria has been one of the greatest challenges to public health for a century. Growing resistance to anti-parasitic therapies and lack of effective vaccines are major contributing factors in controlling this disease. However, the incomplete understanding of parasite interactions with host anti-malaria immunity hinders vaccine development efforts to date. Recent studies have been unveiling the complexity of immune responses and regulators against Plasmodium infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immune responses against Plasmodium-derived components infection and mainly focus on the various regulatory mechanisms mediated by recent identified immune regulators orchestrating anti-malaria immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Metabolic defects in splenic B cell compartments from patients with liver cirrhosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:915. [PMID: 33099582 PMCID: PMC7585577 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is associated with defective vaccine responses and increased infections. Dysregulated B cell compartments in cirrhotic patients have been noticed but not well characterized, especially in the spleen. Here, we comprehensively investigated B cell perturbations from the spleens and peripheral blood of cirrhotic patients. We found that liver cirrhosis significantly depleted both switched and nonswitched splenic memory B cells, which was further confirmed histologically. Bulk RNA-seq revealed significant metabolic defects as the potential mechanism for the impaired splenic B cell functions. Functionally, the splenic memory B cells from cirrhotic patients showed strong metabolic defects and reduced proliferation compared with those from healthy controls. Thus, liver cirrhosis extensively disturbs the splenic and peripheral B cell compartments, which may contribute to defective humoral immunity during liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Prah DA, Amoah LE, Gibbins MP, Bediako Y, Cunnington AJ, Awandare GA, Hafalla JCR. Comparison of leucocyte profiles between healthy children and those with asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malar J 2020; 19:364. [PMID: 33036624 PMCID: PMC7547495 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune mechanisms that determine whether a Plasmodium falciparum infection would be symptomatic or asymptomatic are not fully understood. Several studies have been carried out to characterize the associations between disease outcomes and leucocyte numbers. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in adults with acute uncomplicated malaria, despite children being the most vulnerable group. METHODS Peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations were characterized in children with acute uncomplicated (symptomatic; n = 25) or asymptomatic (n = 67) P. falciparum malaria, as well as malaria-free (uninfected) children (n = 16) from Obom, a sub-district of Accra, Ghana. Leucocyte subpopulations were enumerated by flow cytometry and correlated with two measures of parasite load: (a) plasma levels of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) as a proxy for parasite biomass and (b) peripheral blood parasite densities determined by microscopy. RESULTS In children with symptomatic P. falciparum infections, the proportions and absolute cell counts of total (CD3 +) T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells and CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly lower as compared to asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected and uninfected children. Notably, CD15 + neutrophil proportions and cell counts were significantly increased in symptomatic children. There was no significant difference in the proportions and absolute counts of CD14 + monocytes amongst the three study groups. As expected, measures of parasite load were significantly higher in symptomatic cases. Remarkably, PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities negatively correlated with both the proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral leucocyte subsets: CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, CD19 + B, CD56 + NK, γδ + T and CD11c + cells. In contrast, both PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities positively correlated with the proportions and absolute numbers of CD15 + cells. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic P. falciparum infection is correlated with an increase in the levels of peripheral blood neutrophils, indicating a role for this cell type in disease pathogenesis. Parasite load is a key determinant of peripheral cell numbers during malaria infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ahu Prah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Matthew P Gibbins
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation,, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lodde V, Floris M, Beerman I, Munk R, Guha R, Steri M, Orrù V, Abdelmohsen K, Crompton PD, Gorospe M, Idda ML, Cucca F. Evolutionarily Selected Overexpression of the Cytokine BAFF Enhances Mucosal Immune Response Against P. falciparum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575103. [PMID: 33123155 PMCID: PMC7573158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a variant of the TNFSF13B gene that we called BAFF-var increases the production of the cytokine BAFF, upregulating humoral immunity and increasing the risk for certain autoimmune diseases. In addition, genetic population signatures revealed that BAFF-var was evolutionarily advantageous, most likely by increasing resistance to malaria infection, which is a prime candidate for selective pressure. To evaluate whether the increased soluble BAFF (sBAFF) production confers protection, we experimentally assessed the role of BAFF-var in response to malaria antigens. Lysates of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum (iRBCs) or left uninfected (uRBCs, control) were used to treat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with distinct BAFF genotypes. The PBMCs purified from BAFF-var donors and treated with iRBCs showed different levels of specific cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines as compared with BAFF-WT. In particular, a relevant differential effect on mucosal immunity B subpopulations have been observed. These findings point to specific immune cells and molecules through which the evolutionary selected BAFF-var may have improved fitness during P. falciparum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rajan Guha
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter D. Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rivera-Correa J, Yasnot-Acosta MF, Tovar NC, Velasco-Pareja MC, Easton A, Rodriguez A. Atypical memory B-cells and autoantibodies correlate with anemia during Plasmodium vivax complicated infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008466. [PMID: 32687495 PMCID: PMC7392348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a highly prevalent infection world-wide, that was previously considered mild, but complications such as anemia have been highly reported in the past years. In mice models of malaria, anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) autoantibodies, produced by atypical B-cells, bind to uninfected erythrocytes and contribute to anemia. In human patients with P. falciparum malaria, the levels of anti-PS, atypical B-cells and anemia are strongly correlated to each other. In this study, we focused on assessing the relationship between autoantibodies, different B-cell populations and hemoglobin levels in two different cohorts of P. vivax patients from Colombia, South America. In a first longitudinal cohort, our results show a strong inverse correlation between different IgG autoantibodies tested (anti-PS, anti-DNA and anti-erythrocyte) and atypical memory B-cells (atMBCs) with hemoglobin in both P. vivax and P. falciparum patients over time. In a second cross-sectional cohort, we observed a stronger relation between hemoglobin levels, atMBCs and autoantibodies in complicated P. vivax patients compared to uncomplicated ones. Altogether, these data constitute the first evidence of autoimmunity associating with anemia and complicated P. vivax infections, suggesting a role for its etiology through the expansion of autoantibody-secreting atMBCs. Malaria is one of the top global infections causing high mortality and morbidity every year. Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malarial infection, particularly in the region of the Americas. Complications associated with P. vivax, such as anemia, are a growing reported phenomenon, but the mechanisms leading to them are poorly understood. Here, we report the first evidence of autoantibodies and Atypical Memory B-cells correlating with anemia in two different cohorts of P. vivax patients, particularly during complicated infections. These findings point to Atypical Memory B-cells as key pathological players, possibly through the secretion of autoantibodies, and attributes a role for autoimmunity in mediating complications during P. vivax infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (AR)
| | | | - Nubia Catalina Tovar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
- Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
- Universidad de Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia
| | | | - Alice Easton
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (AR)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aye R, Sutton HJ, Nduati EW, Kai O, Mwacharo J, Musyoki J, Otieno E, Wambua J, Bejon P, Cockburn IA, Ndungu FM. Malaria exposure drives both cognate and bystander human B cells to adopt an atypical phenotype. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1187-1194. [PMID: 32222961 PMCID: PMC7611263 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) are found in elevated numbers in individuals exposed to malaria. A key question is whether malaria induces aMBCs as a result of exposure to Ag, or non-Ag-specific mechanisms. We identified Plasmodium and bystander tetanus toxoid (TT) specific B cells in individuals from areas of previous and persistent exposure to malaria using tetramers. Malaria-specific B cells were more likely to be aMBCs than TT-specific B cells. However, TT-specific B cells from individuals with continuous exposure to malaria were more likely to be aMBCs than TT-specific B cells in individuals from areas where transmission has ceased. Finally, sequences of BCRs specific for a blood stage malaria-Ag were more highly mutated than sequences from TT-specific BCRs and under strong negative selection, indicative of ongoing antigenic pressure. Our data suggest both persistent Ag exposure and the inflammatory environment shape the B-cell response to malaria and bystander Ags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Aye
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Eunice W Nduati
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Kai
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jedida Mwacharo
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Musyoki
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edward Otieno
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Juliana Wambua
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Francis M Ndungu
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
IL-10-producing B cells are enriched in murine pericardial adipose tissues and ameliorate the outcome of acute myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21673-21684. [PMID: 31591231 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911464116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) provokes an inflammatory response in the heart that removes damaged tissues to facilitate tissue repair/regeneration. However, overactive and prolonged inflammation compromises healing, which may be counteracted by antiinflammatory mechanisms. A key regulatory factor in an inflammatory response is the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, which can be produced by a number of immune cells, including subsets of B lymphocytes. Here, we investigated IL-10-producing B cells in pericardial adipose tissues (PATs) and their role in the healing process following acute MI in mice. We found that IL-10-producing B cells were enriched in PATs compared to other adipose depots throughout the body, with the majority of them bearing a surface phenotype consistent with CD5+ B-1a cells (CD5+ B cells). These cells were detected early in life, maintained a steady presence during adulthood, and resided in fat-associated lymphoid clusters. The cytokine IL-33 and the chemokine CXCL13 were preferentially expressed in PATs and contributed to the enrichment of IL-10-producing CD5+ B cells. Following acute MI, the pool of CD5+ B cells was expanded in PATs. These cells accumulated in the infarcted heart during the resolution of MI-induced inflammation. B cell-specific deletion of IL-10 worsened cardiac function, exacerbated myocardial injury, and delayed resolution of inflammation following acute MI. These results revealed enrichment of IL-10-producing B cells in PATs and a significant contribution of these cells to the antiinflammatory processes that terminate MI-induced inflammation. Together, these findings have identified IL-10-producing B cells as therapeutic targets to improve the outcome of MI.
Collapse
|
24
|
Holla P, Ambegaonkar A, Sohn H, Pierce SK. Exhaustion may not be in the human B cell vocabulary, at least not in malaria. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:139-148. [PMID: 31553065 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells exposed to persistent antigen in the inflammatory environment of chronic infections often show progressive loss of effector functions, high expression of inhibitory receptors and distinct transcriptional programs. T cells in this functional state are termed "exhausted" and T cell exhaustion is associated with inefficient control of infections. A remarkably similar scenario has been described for B cells during chronic infections in humans, including malaria, in which case a subpopulation of atypical memory B cells (MBCs) greatly expands and these MBCs show attenuation of B cell receptor signaling, loss of the B cell effector functions of antibody and cytokine production, high expression of inhibitory receptors and distinct transcriptional profiles. The expansion of these MBCs is also associated with inefficient control of infections. Despite the similarities with exhausted T cells we speculate that at least in malaria, atypical MBCs may not be exhausted but rather may be functional, possibly even beneficial. Our recent results suggest that we simply may not have known how to ask an atypical MBC to function. Thus, exhaustion may not be in the human B cell's vocabulary, at least not in malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abhijit Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A single exposure to many viral and bacterial pathogens typically induces life-long immunity, however, the development of the protective immunity to Plasmodium parasites is strikingly less efficient and achieves only partial protection, with adults residing in endemic areas often experiencing asymptomatic infections. Although naturally acquired immunity to malaria requires both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, antibodies govern the control of malarial disease caused by the blood-stage form of the parasites. A large body of epidemiological evidence described that antibodies to Plasmodium antigens are inefficiently generated and rapidly lost without continued parasite exposure, suggesting that malaria is accompanied by defects in the development of immunological B cell memory. This topic has been of focus of recent studies of malaria infection in humans and mice. This review examines the main findings to date on the processes that modulate the acquisition of memory B cell responses to malaria, and highlights the importance of closing outstanding gaps of knowledge in the field for the rational design of next generation therapeutics against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana S Hansen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sundling C, Rönnberg C, Yman V, Asghar M, Jahnmatz P, Lakshmikanth T, Chen Y, Mikes J, Forsell MN, Sondén K, Achour A, Brodin P, Persson KE, Färnert A. B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodelling of CD11c+ B cell subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126492. [PMID: 30939125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is important in limiting clinical disease in malaria, yet the longitudinal B cell response to infection remains unclear. We performed a 1-year prospective study in patients treated for acute P. falciparum malaria for the first time, or with previous exposure to the disease. Using an unbiased exploratory approach with mass cytometry, followed by targeted flow cytometry, we found that ~80% of mature B cells that proliferated in response to acute infection expressed CD11c. Only ~40% of CD11c+ B cells displayed an atypical B cell phenotype, with the remaining cells primarily made up of activated- and resting memory B cells. The CD11c+ B cells expanded rapidly following infection, with previous exposure to malaria resulting in a significantly larger increase compared to individuals with primary infection. This was attributed to an expansion of switched CD11c+ B cells that was absent in primary infected individuals. The rate of contraction of the CD11c+ B cell compartment was independent of previous exposure to malaria and displayed a slow decay with a half-life of ~300 days. Collectively, these results identify CD11c as a marker of B cells responding to malaria and further highlight differences in primary- and secondary B cell responses during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Rönnberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Jahnmatz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mabtech AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias N Forsell
- Division of Infection & Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Em Persson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yeo KT, Embury P, Anderson T, Mungai P, Malhotra I, King C, Kazura J, Dent A. HIV, Cytomegalovirus, and Malaria Infections during Pregnancy Lead to Inflammation and Shifts in Memory B Cell Subsets in Kenyan Neonates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1465-1478. [PMID: 30674575 PMCID: PMC6379806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy can expose the fetus to microbial Ags, leading to inflammation that affects B cell development. Prenatal fetal immune priming may have an important role in infant acquisition of pathogen-specific immunity. We examined plasma proinflammatory biomarkers, the proportions of various B cell subsets, and fetal priming to tetanus vaccination in cord blood from human United States and Kenyan neonates. United States neonates had no identified prenatal infectious exposures, whereas Kenyan neonates examined had congenital CMV or mothers with prenatal HIV or Plasmodium falciparum or no identified infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had higher levels of IP-10, TNF-α, CRP, sCD14, and BAFF than United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, neonates with prenatal infections/infectious exposures had higher levels of cord blood IFN-γ, IL-7, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 compared with neonates with no infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had greater proportions of activated memory B cells (MBC) compared with United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, HIV-exposed neonates had greater proportions of atypical MBC compared with the other groups. Although HIV-exposed neonates had altered MBC subset distributions, detection of tetanus-specific MBC from cord blood, indicative of fetal priming with tetanus vaccine given to pregnant women, was comparable in HIV-exposed and non-HIV-exposed neonates. These results indicate that the presence of infections during pregnancy induces fetal immune activation with inflammation and increased activated MBC frequencies in neonates. The immunologic significance and long-term health consequences of these differences warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Thai Yeo
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Peter Mungai
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Arlene Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shaw TN, Inkson CA, Villegas-Mendez A, Pattinson DJ, Strangward P, Else KJ, Draper SJ, Zeef LAH, Couper KN. Infection-Induced Resistance to Experimental Cerebral Malaria Is Dependent Upon Secreted Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of Pathogenic CD8 + T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:248. [PMID: 30846985 PMCID: PMC6394254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection. There is evidence that repeated parasite exposure promotes resistance against CM. However, the immunological basis of this infection-induced resistance remains poorly understood. Here, utilizing the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), we show that three rounds of infection and drug-cure protects against the development of ECM during a subsequent fourth (4X) infection. Exposure-induced resistance was associated with specific suppression of CD8+ T cell activation and CTL-related pathways, which corresponded with the development of heterogeneous atypical B cell populations as well as the gradual infection-induced generation and maintenance of high levels of anti-parasite IgG. Mechanistically, transfer of high-titer anti-parasite IgG did not protect 1X infected mice against ECM and depletion of atypical and regulatory B cells during 4X infection failed to abrogate infection-induced resistance to ECM. However, IgMi mice that were unable to produce secreted antibody, or undergo class switching, during the repeated rounds of infection failed to develop resistance against ECM. The failure of infection-induced protection in IgMi mice was associated with impaired development of atypical B cell populations and the inability to suppress pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses. Our results, therefore, suggest the importance of anti-parasite antibody responses, gradually acquired, and maintained through repeated Plasmodium infections, for modulating the B cell compartment and eventually suppressing memory CD8+ T cell reactivation to establish infection-induced resistance to ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tovah N. Shaw
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colette A. Inkson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Villegas-Mendez
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick Strangward
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leo A. H. Zeef
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin N. Couper
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Silveira ELV, Dominguez MR, Soares IS. To B or Not to B: Understanding B Cell Responses in the Development of Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2961. [PMID: 30619319 PMCID: PMC6302011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a widespread disease caused mainly by the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) protozoan parasites. Depending on the parasite responsible for the infection, high morbidity and mortality can be triggered. To escape the host immune responses, Plasmodium parasites disturb the functionality of B cell subsets among other cell types. However, some antibodies elicited during a malaria infection have the potential to block pathogen invasion and dissemination into the host. Thus, the question remains, why is protection not developed and maintained after the primary parasite exposure? In this review, we discuss different aspects of B cell responses against Plasmodium antigens during malaria infection. Since most studies have focused on the quantification of serum antibody titers, those B cell responses have not been fully characterized. However, to secrete antibodies, a complex cellular response is set up, including not only the activation and differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells, but also the participation of other cell subsets in the germinal center reactions. Therefore, a better understanding of how B cell subsets are stimulated during malaria infection will provide essential insights toward the design of potent interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L V Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Dominguez
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene S Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ubillos I, Ayestaran A, Nhabomba AJ, Dosoo D, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Jairoce C, Sanz H, Aguilar R, Williams NA, Díez-Padrisa N, Mpina M, Sorgho H, Agnandji ST, Kariuki S, Mordmüller B, Daubenberger C, Asante KP, Owusu-Agyei S, Sacarlal J, Aide P, Aponte JJ, Dutta S, Gyan B, Campo JJ, Valim C, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Baseline exposure, antibody subclass, and hepatitis B response differentially affect malaria protective immunity following RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in African children. BMC Med 2018; 16:197. [PMID: 30376866 PMCID: PMC6208122 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine provides partial protection against malaria in African children, but immune responses have only been partially characterized and do not reliably predict protective efficacy. We aimed to evaluate comprehensively the immunogenicity of the vaccine at peak response, the factors affecting it, and the antibodies associated with protection against clinical malaria in young African children participating in the multicenter phase 3 trial for licensure. METHODS We measured total IgM, IgG, and IgG1-4 subclass antibodies to three constructs of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that are part of the RTS,S vaccine, by quantitative suspension array technology. Plasma and serum samples were analyzed in 195 infants and children from two sites in Ghana (Kintampo) and Mozambique (Manhiça) with different transmission intensities using a case-control study design. We applied regression models and machine learning techniques to analyze immunogenicity, correlates of protection, and factors affecting them. RESULTS RTS,S/AS01E induced IgM and IgG, predominantly IgG1 and IgG3, but also IgG2 and IgG4, subclass responses. Age, site, previous malaria episodes, and baseline characteristics including antibodies to CSP and other antigens reflecting malaria exposure and maternal IgGs, nutritional status, and hemoglobin concentration, significantly affected vaccine immunogenicity. We identified distinct signatures of malaria protection and risk in RTS,S/AS01E but not in comparator vaccinees. IgG2 and IgG4 responses to RTS,S antigens post-vaccination, and anti-CSP and anti-P. falciparum antibody levels pre-vaccination, were associated with malaria risk over 1-year follow-up. In contrast, antibody responses to HBsAg (all isotypes, subclasses, and timepoints) and post-vaccination IgG1 and IgG3 to CSP C-terminus and NANP were associated with protection. Age and site affected the relative contribution of responses in the correlates identified. CONCLUSIONS Cytophilic IgG responses to the C-terminal and NANP repeat regions of CSP and anti-HBsAg antibodies induced by RTS,S/AS01E vaccination were associated with malaria protection. In contrast, higher malaria exposure at baseline and non-cytophilic IgG responses to CSP were associated with disease risk. Data provide new correlates of vaccine success and failure in African children and reveal key insights into the mode of action that can guide development of more efficacious next-generation vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aintzane Ayestaran
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Augusto J Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - David Dosoo
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hèctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nana Aba Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Díez-Padrisa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maximilian Mpina
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.,Facultade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Aide
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John J Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ben Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana.,Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, Room B 309 West Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chen School of Public Health, 675 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK building, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aguilar R, Ubillos I, Vidal M, Balanza N, Crespo N, Jiménez A, Nhabomba A, Jairoce C, Dosoo D, Gyan B, Ayestaran A, Sanz H, Campo JJ, Gómez-Pérez GP, Izquierdo L, Dobaño C. Antibody responses to α-Gal in African children vary with age and site and are associated with malaria protection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9999. [PMID: 29968771 PMCID: PMC6030195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally-acquired antibody responses to malaria parasites are not only directed to protein antigens but also to carbohydrates on the surface of Plasmodium protozoa. Immunoglobulin M responses to α-galactose (α-Gal) (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R)-containing glycoconjugates have been associated with protection from P. falciparum infection and, as a result, these molecules are under consideration as vaccine targets; however there are limited field studies in endemic populations. We assessed a wide breadth of isotype and subclass antibody response to α-Gal in children from Mozambique (South East Africa) and Ghana (West Africa) by quantitative suspension array technology. We showed that anti-α-Gal IgM, IgG and IgG1–4 levels vary mainly depending on the age of the child, and also differ in magnitude in the two sites. At an individual level, the intensity of malaria exposure to P. falciparum and maternally-transferred antibodies affected the magnitude of α-Gal responses. There was evidence for a possible protective role of anti-α-Gal IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies. However, the most consistent findings were that the magnitude of IgM responses to α-Gal was associated with protection against clinical malaria over a one-year follow up period, especially in the first months of life, while IgG levels correlated with malaria risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Crespo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - David Dosoo
- Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Ben Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Aintzane Ayestaran
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hèctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Corti D, Benigni F, Shouval D. Viral envelope-specific antibodies in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 30:48-57. [PMID: 29738926 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular immune response associated with acute and chronic HBV infection has been thoroughly studied, the B cell response in chronic hepatitis B and the role of antibodies raised against the HBV envelope antigens in controlling and prevention of infection requires further investigation. The detection of anti-HBs antibodies is considered as one of the biomarkers for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as well as for protective immunity. Indeed, vaccine-induced neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies have been shown to protect against HBV challenge. Yet, the therapeutic potential of viral envelope-specific antibodies and the mechanism involved in protection and prevention of cell-to-cell transmission warrants additional investigative efforts. In this review, we will provide a critical overview of the available preclinical and clinical literature supporting the putative role of active and passive vaccination and neutralizing envelope-specific antibodies for therapeutic intervention in combination regimens intended to cure persistent HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Shouval
- Liver Unit, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hofmann K, Clauder AK, Manz RA. Targeting B Cells and Plasma Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:835. [PMID: 29740441 PMCID: PMC5924791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the development of other B cell targeting agents. Present data confirm that B cell depletion is beneficial in various autoimmune disorders and also show that it can worsen the disease course in some patients. These findings suggest that B lineage cells not only produce pathogenic autoantibodies, but also significantly contribute to the regulation of inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of B lineage cells play in autoimmune diseases, in the context of recent findings using B lineage targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hofmann
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Clauder
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| |
Collapse
|