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Mondal P, Meeran SM. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in cancer cell plasticity and therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:135-154. [PMID: 37707749 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. Generally, the focus is given to the genetic driver, especially the genetic mutation behind the therapeutic resistance. However, non-mutational mechanisms, such as epigenetic modifications, and TME alteration, which is mainly driven by cancer cell plasticity, are also involved in therapeutic resistance. The concept of plasticity mainly relies on the conversion of non-cancer stem cells (CSCs) to CSCs or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via different mechanisms and various signaling pathways. Cancer plasticity plays a crucial role in therapeutic resistance as cancer cells are able to escape from therapeutics by shifting the phenotype and thereby enhancing tumor progression. New evidence suggests that gut microbiota can change cancer cell characteristics by impacting the mechanisms involved in cancer plasticity. Interestingly, gut microbiota can also influence the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs by modulating the mechanisms involved in cancer cell plasticity. The gut microbiota has been shown to reduce the toxicity of certain clinical drugs. Here, we have documented the critical role of the gut microbiota on the therapeutic efficacy of existing anticancer drugs by altering the cancer plasticity. Hence, the extended knowledge of the emerging role of gut microbiota in cancer cell plasticity can help to develop gut microbiota-based novel therapeutics to overcome the resistance or reduce the toxicity of existing drugs. Furthermore, to improve the effectiveness of therapy, it is necessary to conduct more clinical and preclinical research to fully comprehend the mechanisms of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Laboratory of Nutritional Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Nutritional Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Uzelac M, Xin R, Chen T, John D, Li WT, Rajasekaran M, Ongkeko WM. Urinary Microbiome Dysbiosis and Immune Dysregulations as Potential Diagnostic Indicators of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:394. [PMID: 38254883 PMCID: PMC10814989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a total of 82,290 new cases and 16,710 deaths estimated for bladder cancer in the United States in 2023. Currently, urine cytology tests are widely used for bladder cancer diagnosis, though they suffer from variable sensitivity, ranging from 45 to 97%. More recently, the microbiome has become increasingly recognized for its role in human diseases, including cancers. This study attempts to characterize urinary microbiome bladder cancer-specific dysbiosis to explore its diagnostic potential. RNA-sequencing data of urine samples from patients with bladder cancer (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 12) were mapped to bacterial sequences to yield species-level abundance approximations. Urine samples were analyzed at both the population and species level to reveal dysbiosis associated with bladder cancer. A panel of 35 differentially abundant species was discovered, which may be useful as urinary biomarkers for this disease. We further assessed whether these species were of similar significance in a validation dataset (n = 81), revealing that the genera Escherichia, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter were consistently differentially abundant. We discovered distinct patterns of microbial-associated immune modulation in these samples. Several immune pathways were found to be significantly enriched with respect to the abundance of these species, including antigen processing and presentation, cytosolic DNA sensing, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Differential cytokine activity was similarly observed, suggesting the urinary microbiome's correlation to immune modulation. The adherens junction and WNT signaling pathways, both implicated in the development and progression of bladder cancer, were also enriched with these species. Our findings indicate that the urinary microbiome may reflect both microbial and immune dysregulations of the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer. Given the potential biomarker species identified, the urinary microbiome may provide a non-invasive, more sensitive, and more specific diagnostic tool, allowing for the earlier diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Uzelac
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Ruomin Xin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Daniel John
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mahadevan Rajasekaran
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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3
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Duan Y, Su P, Gu Y, Lv X, Cao X, Wang S, Yuan Z, Sun W. A Study of the Resistance of Hu Sheep Lambs to Escherichia coli F17 Based on Whole Genome Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:161. [PMID: 38200892 PMCID: PMC10778179 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the whole genome sequencing of E. coli F17 in antagonistic and susceptible Hu sheep lambs. The objective is to investigate the critical mutation loci in sheep and understand the genetic mechanism of sheep resistance to E. coli F17 at the genome level. Antagonist and susceptible venous blood samples were collected from Hu sheep lambs for whole genome sequencing and whole genome association analysis. A total of 466 genes with significant SNPs (p < 1.0 × 10-3) were found. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and protein interaction network analysis were performed on these genes, and preliminary investigations showed that SNPs on CTNNB1, CDH8, APOD, HCLS1, Tet2, MTSS1 and YAP1 genes may be associated with the antagonism and susceptibility of Hu sheep lambs to E. coli F17. There are still some shortcomings that have not been explored via in vivo and in vitro functional experiments of the candidate genes, which will be our next research work. This study provides genetic loci and candidate genes for resistance of Hu sheep lambs to E. coli F17 infection, and provides a genetic basis for breeding disease-resistant sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Pengwei Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.S.); (Y.G.); (S.W.)
| | - Yifei Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.S.); (Y.G.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.S.); (Y.G.); (S.W.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.S.); (Y.G.); (S.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Benešová I, Křížová Ľ, Kverka M. Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14429-14450. [PMID: 37555952 PMCID: PMC10590318 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem that colonizes body surfaces and interacts with host organ systems, especially the immune system. Since the composition of this ecosystem depends on a variety of internal and external factors, each individual harbors a unique set of microbes. These differences in microbiota composition make individuals either more or less susceptible to various diseases, including cancer. Specific microbes are associated with cancer etiology and pathogenesis and several mechanisms of how they drive the typical hallmarks of cancer were recently identified. Although most microbes reside in the distal gut, they can influence cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues, as well as modulate the outcomes of established cancer therapies. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which microbes influence carcinogenesis and discuss their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Benešová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Ľudmila Křížová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic.
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5
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Lacroix-Lamandé S, Bernardi O, Pezier T, Barilleau E, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gagneux A, Velge P, Wiedemann A. Differential Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular replication and host cell responses in caecal and ileal organoids derived from chicken. Vet Res 2023; 54:63. [PMID: 37525204 PMCID: PMC10391861 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infection with Salmonella Typhimurium is an important source of foodborne human diseases. Salmonella colonizes the avian intestinal tract and more particularly the caecum, without causing symptoms. This thus poses a challenge for the prevention of foodborne transmission. Until now, studies on the interaction of Salmonella with the avian gut intestine have been limited by the absence of in vitro intestinal culture models. Here, we established intestinal crypt-derived chicken organoids to better decipher the impact of Salmonella intracellular replication on avian intestinal epithelium. Using a 3D organoid model, we observed a significantly higher replication rate of the intracellular bacteria in caecal organoids than in ileal organoids. Our model thus recreates intracellular environment, allowing Salmonella replication of avian epithelium according to the intestinal segment. Moreover, an inhibition of the cellular proliferation was observed in infected ileal and caecal organoids compared to uninfected organoids. This appears with a higher effect in ileal organoids, as well as a higher cytokine and signaling molecule response in infected ileal organoids at 3 h post-infection (hpi) than in caecal organoids that could explain the lower replication rate of Salmonella observed later at 24 hpi. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the 3D organoid is a model allowing to decipher the intracellular impact of Salmonella on the intestinal epithelium cell response and illustrates the importance of the gut segment used to purify stem cells and derive organoids to specifically study epithelial cell -Salmonella interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany Pezier
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Électronique, Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anissa Gagneux
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
- IRSD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, ENVT, INRAE, INSERM, Université́ de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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6
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Abdel-Aziz MI, Thorsen J, Hashimoto S, Vijverberg SJH, Neerincx AH, Brinkman P, van Aalderen W, Stokholm J, Rasmussen MA, Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer M, Vissing NH, Mortensen MS, Brejnrod AD, Fleming LJ, Murray CS, Fowler SJ, Frey U, Bush A, Singer F, Hedlin G, Nordlund B, Shaw DE, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Djukanovic R, Auffray C, Bansal AT, Sousa AR, Wagers SS, Chawes BL, Bønnelykke K, Sørensen SJ, Kraneveld AD, Sterk PJ, Roberts G, Bisgaard H, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Oropharyngeal Microbiota Clusters in Children with Asthma or Wheeze Associate with Allergy, Blood Transcriptomic Immune Pathways, and Exacerbation Risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:142-154. [PMID: 37163754 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. Objectives: To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using oropharyngeal microbiota profiles. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs from the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) pediatric asthma or wheezing cohort were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the Bray-Curtis β-diversity. Enrichment scores of the Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets were computed from the blood transcriptome using gene set variation analysis. Children with severe asthma or severe wheezing were followed up for 12-18 months, with assessment of the frequency of exacerbations. Measurements and Main Results: Oropharyngeal samples from 241 children (age range, 1-17 years; 40% female) revealed four taxa-driven clusters dominated by Streptococcus, Veillonella, Rothia, and Haemophilus. The clusters showed significant differences in atopic dermatitis, grass pollen sensitization, FEV1% predicted after salbutamol, and annual asthma exacerbation frequency during follow-up. The Veillonella cluster was the most allergic and included the highest percentage of children with two or more exacerbations per year during follow-up. The oropharyngeal clusters were different in the enrichment scores of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) (highest in the Veillonella cluster) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (highest in the Haemophilus cluster) transcriptomic pathways in blood (all q values <0.05). Conclusions: Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiota of children with asthma or wheezing identified four clusters with distinct clinical characteristics (phenotypes) that associate with risk for exacerbation and transcriptomic pathways involved in airway remodeling. This suggests that further exploration of the oropharyngeal microbiota may lead to novel pathophysiologic insights and potentially new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Simone Hashimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Aalderen
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Nadja H Vissing
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
| | - Martin Steen Mortensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asker Daniel Brejnrod
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise J Fleming
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare S Murray
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Singer
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CIRI UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd., St. John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bo Lund Chawes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Søren Johannes Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Graham Roberts
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Catalano T, Selvaggi F, Esposito DL, Cotellese R, Aceto GM. Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1632. [PMID: 37512809 PMCID: PMC10386003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well as repeated and extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary liver cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various infectious agents in the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal liver cell functions by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, and D are involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Salmonella Typhi, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the fungus Aspergillus flavus, and liver flukes such as Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, may induce malignant transformation in hepatocytes or in target cells of the biliary tract through aberrant Wnt signaling activation. This review focuses on new insights into infectious agents implicated in the deregulation of Wnt signaling and PLC development. Since the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a driver of cancer following viral and bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting the complex axis of Wnt signaling could represent novel therapeutic approaches in PLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, ASL2 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diana Liberata Esposito
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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8
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Sharma S, Kumar M, Kumar J, Mazumder S. β-Catenin Elicits Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission Activating the Pro-Apoptotic Caspase-1/IL-1β Signalosome in Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Zebrafish Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:1509. [PMID: 37296630 PMCID: PMC10252323 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating microbial pathogenesis. However, to date, its involvement in A. hydrophila infection is not well known. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) kidney macrophages (ZKM), we report that A. hydrophila infection upregulates wnt2, wnt3a, fzd5, lrp6, and β-catenin (ctnnb1) expression, coinciding with the decreased expression of gsk3b and axin. Additionally, increased nuclear β-catenin protein accumulation was observed in infected ZKM, thereby suggesting the activation of canonical Wnt signaling in A. hydrophila infection. Our studies with the β-catenin specific inhibitor JW67 demonstrated β-catenin to be pro-apoptotic, which initiates the apoptosis of A. hydrophila-infected ZKM. β-catenin induces NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated ROS production, which orchestrates sustained mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation in the infected ZKM. Elevated mtROS favors the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and downstream Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, leading to cytochrome c release. We also report that β-catenin-induced mitochondrial fission is an upstream regulator of the caspase-1/IL-1β signalosome, which triggers the caspase-3 mediated apoptosis of the ZKM as well as A. hydrophila clearance. This is the first study suggesting a host-centric role of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in A. hydrophila pathogenesis wherein β-catenin plays a primal role in activating the mitochondrial fission machinery, which actively promotes ZKM apoptosis and helps in containing the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi 110021, India
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9
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Bui DC, Luo T, McBride JW. Type 1 secretion system and effectors in Rickettsiales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1175688. [PMID: 37256108 PMCID: PMC10225607 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular bacteria in the order Rickettsiales are transmitted by arthropod vectors and cause life-threatening infections in humans and animals. While both type 1 and type 4 secretion systems (T1SS and T4SS) have been identified in this group, the most extensive studies of Rickettsiales T1SS and associated effectors have been performed in Ehrlichia. These studies have uncovered important roles for the T1SS effectors in pathobiology and immunity. To evade innate immune responses and promote intracellular survival, Ehrlichia and other related obligate pathogens secrete multiple T1SS effectors which interact with a diverse network of host targets associated with essential cellular processes. T1SS effectors have multiple functional activities during infection including acting as nucleomodulins and ligand mimetics that activate evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways. In Ehrlichia, an array of newly defined major immunoreactive proteins have been identified that are predicted as T1SS substrates and have conformation-dependent antibody epitopes. These findings highlight the underappreciated and largely uncharacterized roles of T1SS effector proteins in pathobiology and immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding roles of T1SS effectors in Rickettsiales members during infection and explores newly identified immunoreactive proteins as potential T1SS substrates and targets of a protective host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Cuong Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tian Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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10
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Pani G. Fusobacterium & Co. at the Stem of Cancer: Microbe-Cancer Stem Cell Interactions in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092583. [PMID: 37174049 PMCID: PMC10177588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells lie at the crossroads of tissue repair, inflammation, and malignancy. Intestinal microbiota and microbe-host interactions are pivotal to maintaining gut homeostasis and response to injury, and participate in colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, limited knowledge is available on whether and how bacteria directly crosstalk with intestinal stem cells (ISC), particularly cancerous stem-like cells (CR-CSC), as engines for colorectal cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastatic dissemination. Among several bacterial species alleged to initiate or promote colorectal cancer (CRC), the pathobiont Fusobacterium Nucleatum has recently drawn significant attention for its epidemiologic association and mechanistic linkage with the disease. We will therefore focus on current evidence for an F. nucleatum-CRCSC axis in tumor development, highlighting the commonalities and differences between F. nucleatum-associated colorectal carcinogenesis and gastric cancer driven by Helicobacter Pylori. We will explore the diverse facets of the bacteria-CSC interaction, analyzing the signals and pathways whereby bacteria either confer "stemness" properties to tumor cells or primarily target stem-like elements within the heterogeneous tumor cell populations. We will also discuss the extent to which CR-CSC cells are competent for innate immune responses and participate in establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Finally, by capitalizing on the expanding knowledge of how the microbiota and ISC crosstalk in intestinal homeostasis and response to injury, we will speculate on the possibility that CRC arises as an aberrant repair response promoted by pathogenic bacteria upon direct stimulation of intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovambattista Pani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Pittner NA, Solomon RN, Bui DC, McBride JW. Ehrlichia effector SLiM-icry: Artifice of cellular subversion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1150758. [PMID: 36960039 PMCID: PMC10028187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1150758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As an obligately intracellular bacterial pathogen that selectively infects the mononuclear phagocyte, Ehrlichia chaffeensis has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to subvert innate immune defenses. While the bacterium accomplishes this through a variety of mechanisms, a rapidly expanding body of evidence has revealed that E. chaffeensis has evolved survival strategies that are directed by the versatile, intrinsically disordered, 120 kDa tandem repeat protein (TRP120) effector. E. chaffeensis establishes infection by manipulating multiple evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways through effector-host interactions to subvert innate immune defenses. TRP120 activates these pathways using multiple functionally distinct, repetitive, eukaryote-mimicking short linear motifs (SLiMs) located within the tandem repeat domain that have evolved in nihilo. Functionally, the best characterized TRP120 SLiMs mimic eukaryotic ligands (SLiM-icry) to engage pathway-specific host receptors and activate cellular signaling, thereby repurposing these pathways to promote infection. Moreover, E. chaffeensis TRP120 contains SLiMs that are targets of post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation in addition to many other validated SLiMs that are curated in the eukaryotic linear motif (ELM) database. This review will explore the extracellular and intracellular roles TRP120 SLiM-icry plays during infection - mediated through a variety of SLiMs - that enable E. chaffeensis to subvert mononuclear phagocyte innate defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Pittner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Regina N. Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Duc-Cuong Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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12
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Plitt T, Faith JJ. Seminars in immunology special issue: Nutrition, microbiota and immunity The unexplored microbes in health and disease. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101735. [PMID: 36857892 PMCID: PMC10049858 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of the microbiome's influence on host physiology has been dominated by a few characteristic example strains that have been studied in detail. However, the extensive development of methods for high-throughput bacterial isolation and culture over the past decade is enabling functional characterization of the broader microbiota that may impact human health. Characterizing the understudied majority of human microbes and expanding our functional understanding of the diversity of the gut microbiota could enable new insights into diseases with unknown etiology, provide disease-predictive microbiome signatures, and advance microbial therapeutics. We summarize high-throughput culture-dependent platforms for characterizing bacterial strain function and host-interactions. We elaborate on the importance of these technologies in facilitating mechanistic studies of previously unexplored microbes, highlight new opportunities for large-scale in vitro screens of host-relevant microbial functions, and discuss the potential translational applications for microbiome science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Plitt
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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13
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Dinarvand M, Koch FC, Al Mouiee D, Vuong K, Vijayan A, Tanzim AF, Azad AKM, Penesyan A, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Vafaee F. dRNASb: a systems biology approach to decipher dynamics of host-pathogen interactions using temporal dual RNA-seq data. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36136078 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection triggers a dynamic cascade of reciprocal events between host and pathogen wherein the host activates complex mechanisms to recognise and kill pathogens while the pathogen often adjusts its virulence and fitness to avoid eradication by the host. The interaction between the pathogen and the host results in large-scale changes in gene expression in both organisms. Dual RNA-seq, the simultaneous detection of host and pathogen transcripts, has become a leading approach to unravelling complex molecular interactions between the host and the pathogen and is particularly informative for intracellular organisms. The amount of in vitro and in vivo dual RNA-seq data is rapidly growing, which demands computational pipelines to effectively analyse such data. In particular, holistic, systems-level, and temporal analyses of dual RNA-seq data are essential to enable further insights into the host-pathogen transcriptional dynamics and potential interactions. Here, we developed an integrative network-driven bioinformatics pipeline, dRNASb, a systems biology-based computational pipeline to analyse temporal transcriptional clusters, incorporate molecular interaction networks (e.g. protein-protein interactions), identify topologically and functionally key transcripts in host and pathogen, and associate host and pathogen temporal transcriptome to decipher potential between-species interactions. The pipeline is applicable to various dual RNA-seq data from different species and experimental conditions. As a case study, we applied dRNASb to analyse temporal dual RNA-seq data of Salmonella-infected human cells, which enabled us to uncover genes contributing to the infection process and their potential functions and to identify putative associations between host and pathogen genes during infection. Overall, dRNASb has the potential to identify key genes involved in bacterial growth or host defence mechanisms for future uses as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Dinarvand
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Forrest C Koch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Al Mouiee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaylee Vuong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Afia Fariha Tanzim
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A K M Azad
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anahit Penesyan
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Rea V, Bell I, Ball T, Van Raay T. Gut-derived metabolites influence neurodevelopmental gene expression and Wnt signaling events in a germ-free zebrafish model. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:132. [PMID: 35996200 PMCID: PMC9396910 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecule metabolites produced by the microbiome are known to be neuroactive and are capable of directly impacting the brain and central nervous system, yet there is little data on the contribution of these metabolites to the earliest stages of neural development and neural gene expression. Here, we explore the impact of deriving zebrafish embryos in the absence of microbes on early neural development as well as investigate whether any potential changes can be rescued with treatment of metabolites derived from the zebrafish gut microbiota. RESULTS Overall, we did not observe any gross morphological changes between treatments but did observe a significant decrease in neural gene expression in embryos raised germ-free, which was rescued with the addition of zebrafish metabolites. Specifically, we identified 354 genes significantly downregulated in germ-free embryos compared to conventionally raised embryos via RNA-Seq analysis. Of these, 42 were rescued with a single treatment of zebrafish gut-derived metabolites to germ-free embryos. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these genes are involved in prominent neurodevelopmental pathways including transcriptional regulation and Wnt signaling. Consistent with the ontology analysis, we found alterations in the development of Wnt dependent events which was rescued in the germ-free embryos treated with metabolites. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that gut-derived metabolites are in part responsible for regulating critical signaling pathways in the brain, especially during neural development. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Taylor Ball
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Terence Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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15
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Darrigade L, Haghebaert M, Cherbuy C, Labarthe S, Laroche B. A PDMP model of the epithelial cell turn-over in the intestinal crypt including microbiota-derived regulations. J Math Biol 2022; 84:60. [PMID: 35737118 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human health and physiology is strongly influenced by interactions between human cells and intestinal microbiota in the gut. In mammals, the host-microbiota crosstalk is mainly mediated by regulations at the intestinal crypt level: the epithelial cell turnover in crypts is directly influenced by metabolites produced by the microbiota. Conversely, enterocytes maintain hypoxia in the gut, favorable to anaerobic bacteria which dominate the gut microbiota. We constructed an individual-based model of epithelial cells interacting with the microbiota-derived chemicals diffusing in the crypt lumen. This model is formalized as a piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP). It accounts for local interactions due to cell contact (among which are mechanical interactions), for cell proliferation, differentiation and extrusion which are regulated spatially or by chemicals concentrations. It also includes chemicals diffusing and reacting with cells. A deterministic approximated model is also introduced for a large population of small cells, expressed as a system of porous media type equations. Both models are extensively studied through numerical exploration. Their biological relevance is thoroughly assessed by recovering bio-markers of an healthy crypt, such as cell population distribution along the crypt or population turn-over rates. Simulation results from the deterministic model are compared to the PMDP model and we take advantage of its lower computational cost to perform a sensitivity analysis by Morris method. We finally use the crypt model to explore butyrate supplementation to enhance recovery after infections by enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Darrigade
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie Haghebaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Simon Labarthe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- Inria, INRAE, Pléiade, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Beatrice Laroche
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA, Inria Saclay-Île-de-France, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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16
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Sang Y, Ren J, Aballay A. The transcription factor HLH-26 controls probiotic-mediated protection against intestinal infection through up-regulation of the Wnt/BAR-1 pathway. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001581. [PMID: 35263319 PMCID: PMC8936500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play a critical role in the control of host intestinal microbial balance, protecting the host from gastrointestinal pathogens, modulating the host immune response, and decreasing host susceptibility to infection. To understand the mechanism underlying the protective effect of probiotics against infections through immune regulation, we examined protection against Salmonella enterica infection following exposure to nonpathogenic Enterococcus faecium in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the transcription factor HLH-26, a REF-1 family member of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, was required in the intestine for E. faecium-mediated protection of C. elegans against a lethal S. enterica infection. In addition, we uncovered that defense response genes controlled by the canonical Wnt/BAR-1 pathway were activated upon exposure to E. faecium in an HLH-26-dependent manner. Our findings highlight a role for REF-1/HLH-26 in the control of the Wnt/BAR-1 pathway in probiotic-mediated protection against gut infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Rawson A, Saxena V, Gao H, Hooks J, Xuei X, McGuire P, Hato T, Hains DS, Anderson RM, Schwaderer AL. A Pilot Single Cell Analysis of the Zebrafish Embryo Cellular Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:1-18. [PMID: 35178490 PMCID: PMC8843076 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i1.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infections are common and when they disseminate can be of high morbidity.
Methods: We studied the effects of UPEC infection using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in zebrafish. Bulk RNA sequencing has historically been used to evaluate gene expression patterns, but scRNAseq allows gene expression to be evaluated at the single cell level and is optimal for evaluating heterogeneity within cell types and rare cell types. Zebrafish cohorts were injected with either saline or UPEC,and scRNAseq and canonical pathway analyses were performed.
Results: Canonical pathway analysis of scRNAseq data provided key information regarding innate immune pathways in the cells determined to be thymus cells, ionocytes, macrophages/monocytes, and pronephros cells. Pathways activated in thymus cells included interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling and production of reactive oxygen species. Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis was a leading canonical pathway in the pronephros and macrophages. Genes that were downregulated in UPEC vs saline exposed embryos involved the cellular response to the Gram-negative endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and included Forkhead Box O1a (Foxo1a), Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 (Trib3), Arginase 2 (Arg2) and Polo Like Kinase 3 (Plk3).
Conclusions: Because 4-day post fertilization zebrafish embryos only have innate immune systems, the scRNAseq provides insights into pathways and genes that cell types utilize in the bacterial response. Based on our analysis, we have identified genes and pathways that might serve as genetic targets for treatment and further investigation in UPEC infections at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rawson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology
| | - Vijay Saxena
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics
| | - Jenaya Hooks
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics
| | - Patrick McGuire
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics
| | - Takashi Hato
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | - David S. Hains
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology
| | - Ryan M. Anderson
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Andrew Schwaderer, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 699 Riley Hospital Dr., RR230, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Phone: 317-274-2527;
| | - Andrew L. Schwaderer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Ryan M Anderson, University of Chicago, Medicine-Endocrinology, Chicago, IL 60637;
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18
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Maes M, Kubera M, Kotańska M. Aberrations in the Cross-Talks Among Redox, Nuclear Factor-κB, and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Signaling Underpin Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:822382. [PMID: 35599774 PMCID: PMC9120845 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.822382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that chronic fatigue spectrum disorders (CFAS-Ds), including myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic fatigue with physiosomatic symptoms including when due to comorbid medical disease, are characterized by neuroimmune and neuro-oxidative biomarkers. This study was performed to delineate the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of CFAS-D and to discover the pathways, molecular patterns, and domains enriched in their PPI network. We performed network, enrichment, and annotation analyses using differentially expressed proteins and metabolics, which were established in patients with CFAS-D. The PPI network analysis revealed that the backbone of the highly connective CFAS-D network comprises NFKB1, CTNNB1, ALB, peroxides, NOS2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and that the network comprises interconnected immune-oxidative-nitrosative and Wnt/β-catenin subnetworks. Multiomics enrichment analysis shows that the CFAS-D network is highly significantly associated with cellular (antioxidant) detoxification, hydrogen peroxide metabolic process, peroxidase and oxidoreductase activity, interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-inflammatory signaling and neurodegenerative canonical Wnt, the β-catenin complex, cadherin domains, cell-cell junctions and TLR2/4 pathways, and the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and RELA. The top 10 DOID annotations of the CFAS-D network include four intestinal, three immune system disorders, cancer, and infectious disease. The custom Gene Ontology (GO) term annotation analysis revealed that the CFAS-D network is associated with a response to a toxic substance, lipopolysaccharides, bacterium, or virus. In conclusion, CFAS-D may be triggered by a variety of stimuli and their effects are mediated by aberrations in the cross-talks between redox, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways leading to dysfunctions in multicellular organismal homeostatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marta Kubera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Morrow JD, Castaldi PJ, Chase RP, Yun JH, Lee S, Liu YY, Hersh CP. Peripheral blood microbial signatures in current and former smokers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19875. [PMID: 34615932 PMCID: PMC8494912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has a role in the development of multiple diseases. Individual microbiome profiles are highly personalized, though many species are shared. Understanding the relationship between the human microbiome and disease may inform future individualized treatments. We hypothesize the blood microbiome signature may be a surrogate for some lung microbial characteristics. We sought associations between the blood microbiome signature and lung-relevant host factors. Based on reads not mapped to the human genome, we detected microbial nucleic acids through secondary use of peripheral blood RNA-sequencing from 2,590 current and former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the COPDGene study. We used the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) microbial pipeline PathSeq to infer microbial profiles. We tested associations between the inferred profiles and lung disease relevant phenotypes and examined links to host gene expression pathways. We replicated our analyses using a second independent set of blood RNA-seq data from 1,065 COPDGene study subjects and performed a meta-analysis across the two studies. The four phyla with highest abundance across all subjects were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In our meta-analysis, we observed associations (q-value < 0.05) between Acinetobacter, Serratia, Streptococcus and Bacillus inferred abundances and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score. Current smoking status was associated (q < 0.05) with Acinetobacter, Serratia and Cutibacterium abundance. All 12 taxa investigated were associated with at least one white blood cell distribution variable. Abundance for nine of the 12 taxa was associated with sex, and seven of the 12 taxa were associated with race. Host-microbiome interaction analysis revealed clustering of genera associated with mMRC dyspnea score and smoking status, through shared links to several host pathways. This study is the first to identify a bacterial microbiome signature in the peripheral blood of current and former smokers. Understanding the relationships between systemic microbial signatures and lung-related phenotypes may inform novel interventions and aid understanding of the systemic effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert P Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeong H Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Mansournia MA, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Targeting Wnt signaling pathway by polyphenols: implication for aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2021; 22:479-494. [PMID: 34480268 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age is an important risk factor for different diseases. The same mechanisms that promote aging are involved in the development and progression of age-associated diseases. Polyphenols are organic compounds found in fruits and vegetables. Due to their beneficial properties (e.g. antioxidant and anti-inflammatory), polyphenols have been extensively used for treating chronic diseases. To exert their functions, polyphenols target various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, such as mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin. Wnt signaling is a critical pathway for developmental processes. Besides, dysregulation of this signaling pathway has been observed in various diseases. Several investigations have been conducted on Wnt inhibitors at pre-clinical stages, showing promising results. Herein, we review the studies dealing with the role of polyphenols in targeting the Wnt signaling pathways in aging processes and age-associated diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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21
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Dar HH, Anthonymuthu TS, Ponomareva LA, Souryavong AB, Shurin GV, Kapralov AO, Tyurin VA, Lee JS, Mallampalli RK, Wenzel SE, Bayir H, Kagan VE. A new thiol-independent mechanism of epithelial host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: iNOS/NO • sabotage of theft-ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102045. [PMID: 34167028 PMCID: PMC8227829 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a redox-driven type of regulated cell death program arising from maladaptation of three metabolic pathways: glutathione homeostasis, iron handling and lipid peroxidation. Though GSH/Gpx4 is the predominant system detoxifying phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) in mammalian cells, recently Gpx4-independent regulators of ferroptosis like ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) in resistant cancer lines and iNOS/NO• in M1 macrophages have been discovered. We previously reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) utilizes its 15- lipoxygenase (pLoxA) to trigger ferroptotic death in epithelial cells by oxidizing the host arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (ETE-PE) into pro-ferroptotic 15-hydroperoxy- arachidonyl-PE (15-HpETE-PE). Here we demonstrate that PA degrades the host GPx4 defense by activating the lysosomal chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In response, the host stimulates the iNOS/NO•-driven anti-ferroptotic mechanism to stymie lipid peroxidation and protect GPx4/GSH-deficient cells. By using a co-culture model system, we showed that macrophage-produced NO• can distantly prevent PA stimulated ferroptosis in epithelial cells as an inter-cellular mechanism. We further established that suppression of ferroptosis in epithelial cells by NO• is enabled through the suppression of phospholipid peroxidation, particularly the production of pro-ferroptotic 15-HpETE-PE signals. Pharmacological targeting of iNOS (NO• generation) attenuated its anti-ferroptotic function. In conclusion, our findings define a new inter-cellular ferroptosis suppression mechanism which may represent a new strategy of the host against P. aeruginosa induced theft-ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liubov A Ponomareva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Austin B Souryavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandr O Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Nadeem A, Aung KM, Ray T, Alam A, Persson K, Pal A, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Suppression of β-catenin signaling in colon carcinoma cells by a bacterial protein. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:442-459. [PMID: 33720402 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in hereditary colorectal tumors and in more than 80% of sporadic colorectal tumors. APC mutations impair β-catenin degradation, leading to its permanent stabilization and increased transcription of cancer-driving target genes. In colon cancer, impairment of β-catenin degradation leads to its cytoplasmic accumulation, nuclear translocation, and subsequent activation of tumor cell proliferation. Suppressing β-catenin signaling in cancer cells therefore appears to be a promising strategy for new anticancer strategies. Recently, we discovered a novel Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin, motility-associated killing factor A (MakA), that affects both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. It promotes bacterial survival and proliferation in invertebrate predators but has unknown biological role(s) in mammalian hosts. Here, we report that MakA can cause lethality of tumor cells via induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, MakA exhibited potent cytotoxic activity, in particular against several tested cancer cell lines, while appearing less toxic toward nontransformed cells. MakA bound to the tumor cell surface became internalized into the endolysosomal compartment and induced leakage of endolysosomal membranes, causing cytosolic release of cathepsins and activation of proapoptotic proteins. In addition, MakA altered β-catenin integrity in colon cancer cells, partly through a caspase- and proteasome-dependent mechanism. Importantly, MakA inhibited β-catenin-mediated tumor cell proliferation. Remarkably, intratumor injection of MakA significantly reduced tumor development in a colon cancer murine solid tumor model. These data identify MakA as a novel candidate to be considered in new strategies for development of therapeutic agents against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Nadeem
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tanusree Ray
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Athar Alam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Botwright NA, Mohamed AR, Slinger J, Lima PC, Wynne JW. Host-Parasite Interaction of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) and the Ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans in Amoebic Gill Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672700. [PMID: 34135900 PMCID: PMC8202022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are susceptible to recurrent amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans over the growout production cycle. The parasite elicits a highly localized response within the gill epithelium resulting in multifocal mucoid patches at the site of parasite attachment. This host-parasite response drives a complex immune reaction, which remains poorly understood. To generate a model for host-parasite interaction during pathogenesis of AGD in Atlantic salmon the local (gill) and systemic transcriptomic response in the host, and the parasite during AGD pathogenesis was explored. A dual RNA-seq approach together with differential gene expression and system-wide statistical analyses of gene and transcription factor networks was employed. A multi-tissue transcriptomic data set was generated from the gill (including both lesioned and non-lesioned tissue), head kidney and spleen tissues naïve and AGD-affected Atlantic salmon sourced from an in vivo AGD challenge trial. Differential gene expression of the salmon host indicates local and systemic upregulation of defense and immune responses. Two transcription factors, znfOZF-like and znf70-like, and their associated gene networks significantly altered with disease state. The majority of genes in these networks are candidates for mediators of the immune response, cellular proliferation and invasion. These include Aurora kinase B-like, rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25-like and protein NDNF-like inhibited. Analysis of the N. perurans transcriptome during AGD pathology compared to in vitro cultured N. perurans trophozoites, as a proxy for wild type trophozoites, identified multiple gene candidates for virulence and indicates a potential master regulatory gene system analogous to the two-component PhoP/Q system. Candidate genes identified are associated with invasion of host tissue, evasion of host defense mechanisms and formation of the mucoid lesion. We generated a novel model for host-parasite interaction during AGD pathogenesis through integration of host and parasite functional profiles. Collectively, this dual transcriptomic study provides novel molecular insights into the pathology of AGD and provides alternative theories for future research in a step towards improved management of AGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Botwright
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Amin R Mohamed
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel Slinger
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Woorim, QLD, Australia
| | - Paula C Lima
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Wynne
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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24
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Byerly CD, Patterson LL, McBride JW. Ehrlichia TRP effectors: moonlighting, mimicry and infection. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6261440. [PMID: 33974702 PMCID: PMC8112483 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria have evolved various strategies to evade host defense mechanisms. Remarkably, the obligately intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, hijacks host cell processes of the mononuclear phagocyte to evade host defenses through mechanisms executed in part by tandem repeat protein (TRP) effectors secreted by the type 1 secretion system. In the past decade, TRP120 has emerged as a model moonlighting effector, acting as a ligand mimetic, nucleomodulin and ubiquitin ligase. These defined functions illuminate the diverse roles TRP120 plays in exploiting and manipulating host cell processes, including cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, autophagy and apoptosis. This review will focus on TRP effectors and their expanding roles in infection and provide perspective on Ehrlichia chaffeensis as an invaluable model organism for understanding infection strategies of obligately intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan D Byerly
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - LaNisha L Patterson
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jere W McBride
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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25
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Ueland T, Astrup E, Otterdal K, Lekva T, Janardhanan J, Prakash JAJ, Thomas K, Michelsen AE, Aukrust P, Varghese GM, Damås JK. Secreted Wnt antagonists in scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009185. [PMID: 33914733 PMCID: PMC8112706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that control local and systemic inflammation in scrub typhus have only been partially elucidated. The wingless (Wnt) signaling pathways are emerging as important regulators of inflammation and infection, but have not been investigated in scrub typhus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Plasma levels of secreted Wnt antagonists (i.e. DKK-1, sFRP-3, WIF-1 and SOST) were analyzed in patients with scrub typhus (n = 129), patients with similar febrile illness without O. tsutsugamushi infection (n = 31), febrile infectious disease controls, and in healthy controls (n = 31) from the same area of South India, and were correlated to markers of inflammation, immune and endothelial cell activation as well as for their association with organ specific dysfunction and mortality in these patients. We found i) Levels of SOST and in particular sFRP-3 and WIF-1 were markedly increased and DKK-1 decreased in scrub typhus patients at admission to the hospital compared to healthy controls. ii) In recovering scrub typhus patients, SOST, sFRP-3 and WIF-1 decreased and DKK-1 increased. iii) SOST was positively correlated with markers of monocyte/macrophage and endothelial/vascular activation as well as with renal dysfunction and poor outcome iv) Finally, regulation of Wnt pathways by O. tsutsugamushi in vitro in monocytes and ex vivo in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with scrub typhus, as evaluated by gene expression studies available in public repositories, revealed markedly attenuated canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that scrub typhus is characterized by attenuated Wnt signaling possibly involving dysregulated levels of several secreted pathway antagonists. The secreted Wnt antagonist SOST was strongly associated with renal dysfunction and poor prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Astrup
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeshina Janardhanan
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John A. J. Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kurien Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - George M. Varghese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K. Damås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Rogan MR, Patterson LL, Byerly CD, Luo T, Paessler S, Veljkovic V, Quade B, McBride JW. Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Is a Wnt Ligand Mimetic That Interacts with Wnt Receptors and Contains a Novel Repetitive Short Linear Motif That Activates Wnt Signaling. mSphere 2021; 6:6/2/e00216-21. [PMID: 33883266 PMCID: PMC8546699 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00216-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis expresses the TRP120 multifunctional effector, which is known to play a role in phagocytic entry, on the surface of infectious dense-cored ehrlichiae, but a cognate host receptor has not been identified. We recently reported that E. chaffeensis activates canonical Wnt signaling in monocytes to promote bacterial uptake and intracellular survival and that TRP120 was involved in this activation event. To identify the specific mechanism of pathway activation, we hypothesized that TRP120 is a Wnt signaling ligand mimetic that initiates Wnt pathway activity through direct interaction with the Wnt pathway Frizzled family of receptors. In this study, we used confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate very strong colocalization between E. chaffeensis and Fzd2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 as well as coreceptor LRP5 at 1 to 3 h postinfection. Direct binding between TRP120 and multiple Fzd receptors was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Interfering RNA knockdown of Wnt receptors, coreceptors, and signaling pathway components significantly reduced E. chaffeensis infection, demonstrating that complex and redundant interactions are involved in Wnt pathway exploitation. We utilized in silico approaches to identify a repetitive short linear motif (SLiM) in TRP120 that is homologous to Wnt ligands and used mutant SLiM peptides and an α-TRP120-Wnt-SLiM antibody to demonstrate that the TRP120 Wnt SLiM activates the canonical Wnt pathway and promotes E. chaffeensis infection. This study reports the first example of bacterial mimicry of Wnt pathway ligands and highlights a pathogenic mechanism with potential for targeting by antimicrobial therapeutics.IMPORTANCE Upon infecting mammalian hosts, Ehrlichia chaffeensis establishes a replicative niche in microbe-eating immune system cells where it expertly orchestrates infection and spread. One of the ways Ehrlichia survives within these phagocytes is by activating evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways including the Wnt pathway; however, the molecular details of pathway hijacking have not been defined. This study is significant because it identifies an ehrlichial protein that directly interacts with components of the Wnt receptor complex, influencing pathway activity and promoting infection. Consequentially, Ehrlichia serves as a unique tool to investigate the intricacies of how pathogens repurpose human immune cell signaling and provides an opportunity to better understand many cellular processes in health and disease. Furthermore, understanding how this bacterium utilizes its small genome to survive within cells that evolved to destroy pathogens will facilitate the development of antibacterial therapeutics that could target Ehrlichia as well as other intracellular agents of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Rogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - LaNisha L Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Caitlan D Byerly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- BiomedProtection, LLC, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Bethany Quade
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jere W McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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27
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Zhang H, Wang M, Jia J, Zhao J, Radebe SM, Yu Q. The Protective Effect of E. faecium on S. typhimurium Infection Induced Damage to Intestinal Mucosa. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:740424. [PMID: 34722703 PMCID: PMC8554125 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.740424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive farming is prone to induce large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases, with increasing use of antibiotics, which deviate from the demand of organic farming. The high mortality rate of chickens infected with Salmonella caused huge economic losses; therefore, the promising safe prevention and treatment measures of Salmonella are in urgent need, such as probiotics. Probiotics are becoming an ideal alternative treatment option besides antibiotics, but the effective chicken probiotic strains with clear protective mechanism against Salmonella remain unclear. In this study, we found Enterococcus faecium YQH2 was effective in preventing Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens. Salmonella typhimurium induced the loss of body weight, and liver and intestinal morphology damage. The inflammatory factor levels increased and intestinal proliferation inhibited. However, after treatment with Enterococcus faecium YQH2, broilers grew normally, the pathological changes of liver and intestine were reduced, and the colonization of Salmonella in the intestine was improved. Not only that, the length of villi and the depth of crypts were relatively normal, and the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 were reduced. The number of PCNA cells of Enterococcus faecium YQH2 returned to normal under the action of Salmonella typhimurium infection, which was conducive to the normal proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium YQH2 may be due to the attribution to the activation of hypoxia and then induced the proliferation of intestinal stem cells to repair the damage of intestinal mucosa under Salmonella typhimurium infection. This study demonstrated that Enterococcus faecium YQH2 was effective in preventing Salmonella typhimurium infection, which could be further used in the chicken health breeding.
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28
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Silwal P, Paik S, Kim JK, Yoshimori T, Jo EK. Regulatory Mechanisms of Autophagy-Targeted Antimicrobial Therapeutics Against Mycobacterial Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:633360. [PMID: 33828998 PMCID: PMC8019938 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.633360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen causing human tuberculosis, an infectious disease that still remains as a global health problem. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradative process, has emerged as a critical pathway to restrict intracellular Mtb growth through enhancement of phagosomal maturation. Indeed, several autophagy-modulating agents show promise as host-directed therapeutics for Mtb infection. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of autophagy-modulating agents to overcome the immune escape strategies mediated by Mtb. The factors and pathways that govern such mechanisms include adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, Akt/mammalian TOR kinase, Wnt signaling, transcription factor EB, cathelicidins, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy-related genes. A further understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of host-directed therapies against tuberculosis as well as infections with other intracellular bacteria targeted by autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Kyeong Jo,
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29
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Andreeva NV, Gabbasova RR, Grivennikov SI. Microbiome in cancer progression and therapy. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 56:118-126. [PMID: 33147555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of microbes living together with the host constitute microbiota, which possesses very diverse functions in regulation of host physiology. Recently, it has been unequivocally demonstrated that microbiota regulates cancer initiation, progression and responses to therapy. Here we review known pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic function of microbiota and mechanisms how microbes can regulate cancer cells and immune and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Andreeva
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Railia R Gabbasova
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Moghimi M, Bakhtiari R, Mehrabadi JF, Jamshidi N, Jamshidi N, Siyadatpanah A, Mitsuwan W, Nissapatorn V. Interaction of human oral cancer and the expression of virulence genes of dental pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104464. [PMID: 32858118 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are one of the major causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dental microbiome has been considered as inducing agents in oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of the gene expression of the dental microbiome and OSCC patients. A cross-sectional study was designed by recruiting confirmed OSCC patients attending the University hospital during October 2018 and July 2019. The dental bacteria were isolated and confirmed by PCR technique. The expression of host and bacterial virulence genes was determined using qPCR. This study shows that 54% of T. forsythia found to be the most predominant organisms in 30 positive cases, followed by 34% of Campylobacter rectus and 29% of Prevotella intermedia. The expression of mRNA levels of bspA, csxA, fadA and interpain A in the OSCC- bacteria positive cases was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). It was further found that interpainA, csxA, fadA, and bspA genes have the potential effects on the cellular gene expression in OSCC patients. A significant correlation was seen between expression patterns of CXCL10, DIAPH1, NCLN and MMP9 genes with interpain A, fadA, and bspA involved in OSCC cases The results indicate that the species specific bacteria may play a role in triggering chronic inflammation in OSCC patients. Therefore, alteration in the gene expression through the dental microbiome could be used as an alternative target in the clinical practice to detect OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Moghimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I. Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:131-193. [PMID: 32475520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This chapter focuses on several emerging bacterial toxins that have recently been characterized for their potential oncogenic properties toward human orodigestive cancer and the presence of which in human tissue samples has been documented. These include cytolethal distending toxins produced by various members of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria, Dentilisin from mammalian oral Treponema, Pasteurella multocida toxin, two Fusobacterial toxins, FadA and Fap2, Bacteroides fragilis toxin, colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and α-hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica AvrA. It was clear that these bacterial toxins have biological activities to induce several hallmarks of cancer. Some toxins directly interact with DNA or chromosomes leading to their breakdowns, causing mutations and genome instability, and others modulate cell proliferation, replication and death and facilitate immune evasion and tumor invasion, prying specific oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, such as p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. In addition, most bacterial toxins control tumor-promoting inflammation in complex and diverse mechanisms. Despite growing laboratory evidence to support oncogenic potential of selected bacterial toxins, we need more direct evidence from human studies and mechanistic data from physiologically relevant experimental animal models, which can reflect chronic infection in vivo, as well as take bacterial-bacterial interactions among microbiome into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Marineau A, Khan KA, Servant MJ. Roles of GSK-3 and β-Catenin in Antiviral Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040897. [PMID: 32272583 PMCID: PMC7226782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ubiquitously expressed RNA and DNA sensors. Once engaged, these nucleotide-sensing receptors use distinct signaling modules for the rapid and robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and the IKK-related kinases IKKε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to the subsequent activation of the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factors, respectively. They, in turn, induce immunomodulatory genes, allowing for a rapid antiviral cellular response. Unlike the MAPKs, the IKK complex and the IKK-related kinases, ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) α and β isoforms are active in unstimulated resting cells and are involved in the constitutive turnover of β-catenin, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and lineage commitment. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of both GSK-3 and β-catenin in type I IFN antiviral innate immune response, particularly affecting the activation of IRF3. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms by which GSK-3 and β-catenin control the antiviral innate immune response to RNA and DNA virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marineau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
| | - Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
- Réseau Québécois de Recherche sur les Médicaments (RQRM), Montréal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-7966
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Abstract
Bacteria participate in a wide diversity of symbiotic associations with eukaryotic hosts that require precise interactions for bacterial recognition and persistence. Most commonly, host-associated bacteria interfere with host gene expression to modulate the immune response to the infection. However, many of these bacteria also interfere with host cellular differentiation pathways to create a hospitable niche, resulting in the formation of novel cell types, tissues, and organs. In both of these situations, bacterial symbionts must interact with eukaryotic regulatory pathways. Here, we detail what is known about how bacterial symbionts, from pathogens to mutualists, control host cellular differentiation across the central dogma, from epigenetic chromatin modifications, to transcription and mRNA processing, to translation and protein modifications. We identify four main trends from this survey. First, mechanisms for controlling host gene expression appear to evolve from symbionts co-opting cross-talk between host signaling pathways. Second, symbiont regulatory capacity is constrained by the processes that drive reductive genome evolution in host-associated bacteria. Third, the regulatory mechanisms symbionts exhibit correlate with the cost/benefit nature of the association. And, fourth, symbiont mechanisms for interacting with host genetic regulatory elements are not bound by native bacterial capabilities. Using this knowledge, we explore how the ubiquitous intracellular Wolbachia symbiont of arthropods and nematodes may modulate host cellular differentiation to manipulate host reproduction. Our survey of the literature on how infection alters gene expression in Wolbachia and its hosts revealed that, despite their intermediate-sized genomes, different strains appear capable of a wide diversity of regulatory manipulations. Given this and Wolbachia's diversity of phenotypes and eukaryotic-like proteins, we expect that many symbiont-induced host differentiation mechanisms will be discovered in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi L Russell
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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