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Piao M, Jin Y, Jin S, Min J, Lee SH, Cho YC, Lee KY. Piperlongumine inhibits the early stage of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 735:150458. [PMID: 39098274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PLM), a natural compound isolated from long peppers, has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological roles, including anti-tumor and anti-diabetic. However, the pharmacological role of PLM on adipogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we found that PLM strongly inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. This inhibition was determined by the accumulation of lipid droplets and intracellular triglycerides. In addition, PLM downregulated both the mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPα, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Based on the time-course experiment, we found that the inhibitory effect of PLM on adipogenesis was mainly involved in the early stage of adipogenesis. Studying these differential effects could uncover new mechanisms for regulating adipogenesis and new chemicals for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujian Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuyan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Min
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hsu CY, Huang TH, Lin ZC, Chen CJ, Hwang E, Chen WJ, Fang JY. Synergistic Fat-Reducing Effect of Deoxycholic Acid and Rhein in Lipid-Based Nanoparticles with Reduced Toxicity for Obesity Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:12129-12151. [PMID: 39583324 PMCID: PMC11585299 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s494416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Injectable deoxycholic acid (DA) has been approved for removing excess submental fat and is off-label for local adipose tissue reduction. Conventional DA injections fail to control fat reduction and generate severe adverse effects in adjacent non-adipose tissues. We designed squarticles as lipid-based nanoparticles for DA delivery to reduce fat accumulation. Methods The liquid lipid phase of the squarticles was composed of squalene, which was previously reported to sequester the toxicity of overdosed drugs. Rhein, a natural anti-adipogenic compound, was incorporated into the squarticles for combined fat-lowering. Results The squarticles had an average diameter of 93 nm and high rhein encapsulation (96%). The nanoparticles were easily internalized into mature adipocytes and were located in the lysosomes. DA induces adipocyte death via apoptosis and necrosis; however, nanoencapsulation can decrease cell death. Compared to free DA, squarticles showed superior mitigation of cytotoxicity against non-targeted cells (skin fibroblasts). Oil Red O staining indicated that squarticles loaded with DA or rhein alone inhibited lipid droplets by 42% and 17%, respectively. DA and rhein worked together in squarticles to further suppress fat accumulation by 50%. Dual administration of DA and rhein to the nanocarriers downregulated adipokines. The intraperitoneal administration of squarticles loaded with DA and rhein significantly decreased body weight, total cholesterol, and adipokine release. Histological analysis revealed that squarticles reduced adipocyte hypertrophy in the groin and epididymis by 11% and 53%, respectively. We examined the toxicity of the combination of DA+rhein in healthy rats that received a dose three-fold higher than that used in the pharmacological assessment. The survival rate of the overdosed DA+rhein increased from 50% to 100% after nanoencapsulation. Free compounds induce ascites, liver size reduction, AST/ALT elevation (1.5-fold), and potassium imbalance in rats. Nanoencapsulation significantly reduced these adverse effects. Conclusion Our findings highlight the potential of squarticles for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei-Jhang Chen
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Sikur N, Böröczky C, Paszternák A, Gyöngyössy R, Szökő É, Varga K, Tábi T. Resveratrol and Its Derivatives Diminish Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes In Vitro-Mechanism of Action and Structure-Activity Relationship. Nutrients 2024; 16:3869. [PMID: 39599655 PMCID: PMC11597095 DOI: 10.3390/nu16223869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Expansion of white adipose tissue causes systemic inflammation and increased risk of metabolic diseases due to its endocrine function. Resveratrol was suggested to be able to prevent obesity-related disorders by mimicking caloric restriction; however, its structure-activity relationships and molecular targets are still unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol and its analogues on adipocyte metabolism and lipid accumulation in vitro. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were differentiated to adipocytes in the absence or presence of resveratrol or its derivatives (oxyresveratrol, monomethylated resveratrol, or trimethylated resveratrol). Intracellular lipid content was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Glucose uptake and its response to insulin were estimated by 2-NBDG, and mitochondrial activity was assayed via resazurin reduction. Involvement of potential molecular pathways was investigated by concurrent treatment with their inhibitors. RESULTS Although lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by all analogues without altering protein content, oxyresveratrol was the most potent (IC50 = 4.2 μM), while the lowest potency was observed with trimethylated resveratrol (IC50 = 27.4 μM). Increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was restored by each analogue with comparable efficiency. The enhanced mitochondrial activity was normalized by resveratrol and its methylated derivatives, while oxyresveratrol had a minor impact on it. Among the examined pathways, inhibition of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and JNK diminished the lipid-reducing effect of the compounds. Autophagy appeared to play a key role in the effect of all compounds but oxyresveratrol. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol and its analogues can mimic caloric restriction with complex mechanisms, including activation of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and JNK, making them possible drug candidates to treat obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Sikur
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Böröczky
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Paszternák
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ramá Gyöngyössy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Varga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary (A.P.); (É.S.); (K.V.)
- Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Út, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Al-Regaiey K. Crosstalk between adipogenesis and aging: role of polyphenols in combating adipogenic-associated aging. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 39511615 PMCID: PMC11542427 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
In the last forty years, the number of people over 60 years of age has increased significantly owing to better nutrition and lower rates of infectious diseases in developing countries. Aging significantly impacts adipose tissue, which plays crucial role in hormone regulation and energy storage. This can lead to imbalances in glucose, and overall energy homeostasis within the body. Aging is irreversible phenomena and potentially causing lipid infiltration in other organs, leading to systemic inflammation, metabolic disorders. This review investigates various pathways contributing to aging-related defects in adipogenesis, such as changes in adipose tissue function and distribution. Polyphenols, a diverse group of natural compounds, can mitigate aging effects via free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammation, senescence, and age-related diseases. Polyphenols like resveratrol, quercetin and EGCG exhibit distinct mechanisms and regulate crucial pathways, such as the TGF-β, AMPK, Wnt, PPAR-γ, and C/EBP transcription factors, and influence epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. This review highlights the critical importance of understanding the intricate relationship between aging and adipogenesis for optimizing well-being with increasing age. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of polyphenols like quercetin and resveratrol in enhancing adipose tissue function and promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Vieira JIG, Braga LG, Chud TCS, Ferreira PH, Guimarães SEF, Martins MF, do Carmo Panetto JC, Machado MA, Silva DBDS, Bonafé CM, Magalhães AFB, da Silva MVGB, Verardo LL. Resequencing of Brazilian locally adapted cattle breeds revealed variants in candidate genes and transcription factors for meat fatty acid profile. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:628-642. [PMID: 38686591 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The beef cattle industry has experienced a shift driven by a market demand for healthier meat, cost efficiency and environmental sustainability in recent years. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on the fatty acids content and functions of meat in cattle breeding programmes. Besides, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms influencing the expression of different phenotypes related to fatty acid profiles is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify Single-Nucleotide Variants (SNV) and Insertion/Deletion (InDels) DNA variants in candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles described in genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies conducted in beef cattle breeds. Utilizing whole-genome re-sequencing data from Brazilian locally adapted bovine breeds, namely Caracu and Pantaneiro, we identified SNVs and InDels associated with 23,947 genes. From these, we identified 318 candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles that contain variants. Subsequently, we select only genes with SNVs and InDels in their promoter, 5' UTR and coding region. Through the gene-biological process network, approximately 19 genes were highlighted. Furthermore, considering the studied trait and a literature review, we selected the main transcription factors (TF). Functional analysis via gene-TF network allowed us to identify the 30 most likely candidate genes for meat fatty acid profile in cattle. LIPE, MFSD2A and SREBF1 genes were highlighted in networks due to their biological importance. Further dissection of these genes revealed 15 new variants found in promoter regions of Caracu and Pantaneiro sequences. The gene networks facilitated a better functional understanding of genes and TF, enabling the identification of variants potentially related to the expression of candidate genes for meat fatty acid profiles in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Graciano Braga
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Lima Verardo
- Universidade Federal dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Balkrishna A, Kumari P, Singh P, Pathak N, Verma S, Dev R, Varshney A. Withanolides-enriched leaf extract of Withania somnifera exert anti-obesity effects by inducing brown adipocyte-like phenotype via tuning MAP-kinase signaling axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136883. [PMID: 39454897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Present study investigated anti-obesity potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal leaf extract (WSLE). Phytochemical characterization of WSLE was performed by UPLC/MS-QToF and HPLC-based analysis. WSLE was assessed for its effect on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WSLE was found to contain 59 phytometabolites with a total of 10.601 μg withanolides per mg of extract. WSLE (30 μg/ml) treatment decreased basal levels of intracellular lipids and triglycerides to 13.85 % and 41.58 %, respectively. WSLE downregulated the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and their target genes responsible for lipogenesis dose-dependently. An upregulation in expression of lipolytic (ATGL and HSL), thermogenic (PGC1α, UCP1, and PRDM16), and glucose transporter (GLUT4) genes was also observed. Furthermore, WSLE treatment increased glucose uptake by 1.5-fold. These beneficial effects of WSLE were abolished in presence of AMPK, p38MAPK, and ERK inhibitors. These observations were then validated in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Intriguingly, WSLE diminished fat accumulation in wild-type N2 worms as evident from reduced Oil-red-O staining and reduction in GFP expression of fat-5, 6, and 7 in transgenic strains. Overall, these results highlight anti-obesity potential of WSLE exerting its effects via alterations in AMPK/p38MAPK/ERK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park, Glasgow G41 1AU, UK
| | - Priya Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishit Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation (Trust), NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Tai T, Shao YY, Zheng YQ, Jiang LP, Han HR, Yin N, Li HD, Ji JZ, Mi QY, Yang L, Feng L, Duan FY, Xie HG. Clopidogrel ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway and beyond. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1496639. [PMID: 39508046 PMCID: PMC11537861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1496639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) frequently confers an increased risk of vascular thrombosis; however, the marketed antiplatelet drugs are investigated for the prevention and treatment of MASLD in patients with these coexisting diseases. Methods To determine whether clopidogrel could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in mice and how it works, mice were fed on normal diet or HFD alone or in combination with or without clopidogrel for 14 weeks, and primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with palmitate/oleate alone or in combination with the compounds examined for 24 h. Body weight, liver weight, insulin resistance, triglyceride and total cholesterol content in serum and liver, histological morphology, transcriptomic analysis of mouse liver, and multiple key MASLD-associated genes and proteins were measured, respectively. Results and discussion Clopidogrel mitigated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis (as measured with oil red O staining and triglyceride kit assay) and reduced elevations in serum aminotransferases, liver weight, and the ratio of liver to body weight. Clopidogrel downregulated the expression of multiple critical lipogenic (Acaca/Acacb, Fasn, Scd1, Elovl6, Mogat1, Pparg, Cd36, and Fabp4), profibrotic (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Col4a1, Acta2, and Mmp2), and proinflammatory (Ccl2, Cxcl2, Cxcl10, Il1a, Tlr4, and Nlrp3) genes, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. However, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reversed enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in clopidogrel-treated primary mouse hepatocytes and alleviated accumulation of intracellular lipids. We concluded that clopidogrel may prevent and/or reverse HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in mice, suggesting that clopidogrel could be repurposed to fight fatty liver in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zheng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Ru Han
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Zi Ji
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Mi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Yang Duan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
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8
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Felemban AH, Alshammari GM, Yagoub AEA, Saleh A, Yahya MA. Royal Jelly Exerts a Potent Anti-Obesity Effect in Rats by Activating Lipolysis and Suppressing Adipogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:3174. [PMID: 39339774 PMCID: PMC11435164 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: This study examined the anti-obesity effect of royal jelly (RJ) in rats fed with a high-fat diet by targeting the major pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis. In addition, it examined whether this effect is AMPK-dependent. Methods: Five groups of adult male albino rats were used (n = 6 each as 1); the control rats were fed with a normal diet (2.9 kcal), and the other groups were as follows: control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD (4.75 kcal), HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg) + dorsomorphin (an AMPK inhibitor) (0.2 mg/kg). Results: RJ was administered orally to all rats. With no changes in food and energy intake, RJ significantly reduced gains in body weight, fat weight, body mass index (BMI), the Lee index, abdominal circumference (AC), and the adiposity index (AI). It also reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and the circulatory levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c in the HFD-fed rats. RJ also increased serum glycerol levels and adiponectin levels, but reduced the serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, RJ reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from isolated WAT. At the tissue level, the HFD + RJ rats exhibited a smaller adipocyte size compared to the HFD rats. At the molecular level, RJ increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, SREBP1, and ACC-1 and increased the mRNA and protein levels of HSL and ATG in the WAT of the HFD rats. In concomitance, RJ increased the mRNA levels of PGC-α1, reduced the protein levels of PPARγ, and repressed the transcriptional activities of PPARγ, SREBP1, and C/EBPαβ in the WAT of these rats. All the aforementioned effects of RJ were prevented by co-treatment with dorsomorphin. Conclusions: RJ exerts a potent anti-obesity effect in rats that is mediated by the AMPk-dependent suppression of WAT adipogenesis and the stimulation of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hasanain Felemban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Seo HD, Lee JY, Park SH, Lee E, Hahm JH, Ahn J, Jang AR, An SH, Ha JH, No KT, Jung CH. Identification of novel anti-obesity saponins from the ovary of sea cucumber ( Stichopus japonicus). Heliyon 2024; 10:e36943. [PMID: 39281516 PMCID: PMC11401225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential anti-obesity effects of sea cucumber extract have been reported. However, the individual saponins responsible for these effects are yet to be isolated and characterized. This study aimed to identify the most effective sea cucumber body part for inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to elucidate the compounds responsible for this effect using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Sea cucumber ovary 80 % ethanol extract (SCOE) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in inhibiting adipocyte differentiation compared to other sea cucumber body parts with 50 % or 80 % ethanol extracts. SCOE anti-obesity effect was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, which revealed significant reductions in body weight, serum lipids, adipose tissue, and liver weight. Using column chromatography, eight saponins were isolated from the SCOE, four of which exhibited potent inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation. Of these, three active saponins, holotoxins A, B, and D1, were newly identified. These findings highlight the potential of SCOE and its saponins as effective anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ra Jang
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee An
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Ha
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
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10
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Hyun J, Lee HG, Je JG, Choi YS, Song KM, Kim TK, Ryu B, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. L-Fucose-Rich Sulfated Glycans from Edible Brown Seaweed: A Promising Functional Food for Obesity and Energy Expenditure Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9738. [PMID: 39273687 PMCID: PMC11395595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic, exacerbated by the sedentary lifestyle fostered by the COVID-19 pandemic, presents a growing socioeconomic burden due to decreased physical activity and increased morbidity. Current obesity treatments show promise, but they often come with expensive medications, frequent injections, and potential side effects, with limited success in improving obesity through increased energy expenditure. This study explores the potential of a refined sulfated polysaccharide (SPSL), derived from the brown seaweed Scytosiphon lomentaria (SL), as a safe and effective anti-obesity treatment by promoting energy expenditure. Chemical characterization revealed that SPSL, rich in sulfate and L-fucose content, comprises nine distinct sulfated glycan structures. In vitro analysis demonstrated potent anti-lipogenic properties in adipocytes, mediated by the downregulation of key adipogenic modulators, including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathways. Inhibiting AMPK attenuated the anti-adipogenic effects of SPSL, confirming its involvement in the mechanism of action. Furthermore, in vivo studies using zebrafish models showed that SPSL increased energy expenditure and reduced lipid accumulation. These findings collectively highlight the therapeutic potential of SPSL as a functional food ingredient for mitigating obesity-related metabolic dysregulation by promoting energy expenditure. Further mechanistic and preclinical investigations are warranted to fully elucidate its mode of action and evaluate its efficacy in obesity management, potentially offering a novel, natural therapeutic avenue for this global health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Major of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Major of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim S, Park DH, Moon S, Gu B, Mantik KEK, Kwak HB, Ryu JK, Kang JH. Ketogenic diet with aerobic exercise can induce fat browning: potential roles of β-hydroxybutyrate. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1443483. [PMID: 39267855 PMCID: PMC11390540 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1443483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite evidence suggesting that metabolic intermediates like β-HB influence white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) on the fat browning program and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using both in vitro and in vivo models. We assessed the effects of β-HB on fat browning in adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells and rat models. Methods We evaluated the effects of β-HB on fat browning, thermogenesis, lipid accumulation, adipokine expression, and mitochondrial biogenesis by treating mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with sodium β-HB for 24 h or by continuously exposing preadipocytes to β-HB during the 8-day differentiation process. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, exercise only (EX), ketogenic diet only (KD), and combined exercise and ketogenic diet (KE) groups for an 8-week intervention involving diet and/or exercise. After intervention, we evaluated WAT histology, plasma lipids and adipokines, and the expression of markers related to fat browning, thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT of rats. Results In our adipocyte culture experiments, β-HB reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by enhancing lipolysis and stimulated the expression of thermogenic and fat browning genes like uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), and adipokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FDNC5). Additionally, β-HB activated the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway, with UCP1 and PRDM16 upregulation mediated by β-HB intracellular action and SIRT1 activity. In animal experiments, KE group raised β-HB levels, decreasing body weight and blood lipids. KD with EX promoted WAT browning possibly via AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, augmenting PRDM16, UCP1, FGF21, and FNDC5 expression. Conclusion β-HB induction via KD and/or EX shows potential in promoting WAT browning by activating mitochondrial biogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis, suggesting that dietary and physical intervention inducing β-HB may benefit metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsang Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keren Esther Kristina Mantik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yun YR, Lee JE, Lee S, Hong SW. Exploring the anti-obesity effects of kimchi through enhanced thermogenesis in differentiated T37i brown adipocytes. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10738. [PMID: 39239457 PMCID: PMC11375445 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of kimchi in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice with diet-induced obesity by assessing the expression of obesity-associated genes. Additionally, recent studies have identified mechanisms involving thermogenesis that support these effects. Objective This study aims to further investigate the anti-obesity properties of kimchi, focusing on its impact on thermogenic activity in differentiated T37i brown adipocytes. Design The study first evaluated the antioxidant potential of kimchi using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Optimal differentiation conditions for T37i adipocytes were established before proceeding with evaluations of cell viability, intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, lipid accumulation, and the expression of genes and proteins related to obesity and thermogenesis. Results Kimchi maintained over 90% cell viability in T37i adipocytes at concentrations up to 1,000 μg/mL. Efficient differentiation of T37i preadipocytes was achieved using a medium containing 10% calf serum, 2 nM 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronin (T3), and 100 nM insulin. Kimchi significantly reduced intracellular TG levels and lipid accumulation, compared to the control group, and enhanced the expression of genes and proteins related to thermogenesis while reducing the expression of obesity-related genes. Discussion The findings suggest that kimchi exerts its anti-obesity effects by modulating thermogenic and obesity-related pathways in brown adipocytes, which may be partially attributed to its antioxidant properties. Conclusions Kimchi shows promise as a preventive measure against obesity by influencing metabolic pathways associated with both obesity and thermogenesis in T37i brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rang Yun
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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13
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You YL, Choi HS. Nootkatone (NK), a grapefruit-derived aromatic compound, inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating JAK2-STAT signaling and antioxidant response in adipocyte. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2631-2641. [PMID: 39144189 PMCID: PMC11319697 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nootkatone (NK) is an aromatic compound derived from grapefruit. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of NK on lipid accumulation and its underlying mechanism in adipocytes. NK effectively inhibited adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating C/EBPα and PPARγ, while upregulating KLF2, an early inhibitory factor, downregulating C/EBPβ, an early promoting factor. In addition, NK inhibited the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 in the early adipogenic stage. NK significantly reduced ROS generation while elevating antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase. It activated NRF2-HO-1 signaling, responsible for antioxidant response, by increasing protein levels. Furthermore, NK regulated adipokines, increasing adiponectin and visfatin, while downregulating resistin. Collectively, NK inhibited adipogenic lipid accumulation through the suppression of JAK2-STAT signaling and the augmentation of antioxidant response. This study highlights the potential of NK as an edible agent to alleviate obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-024-01522-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim You
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim HY, Jang HJ, Muthamil S, Shin UC, Lyu JH, Kim SW, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Novel insights into regulators and functional modulators of adipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117073. [PMID: 38981239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process that differentiates new adipocytes from precursor cells and is tightly regulated by several factors, including many transcription factors and various post-translational modifications. Recently, new roles of adipogenesis have been suggested in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional modulation of these adipogenic genes remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the regulatory factors and modulators of adipogenesis and discusses future research directions to identify novel mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and the effects of adipogenic regulators in pathological conditions. The master adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα were identified along with other crucial regulatory factors such as SREBP, Kroxs, STAT5, Wnt, FOXO1, SWI/SNF, KLFs, and PARPs. These transcriptional factors regulate adipogenesis through specific mechanisms, depending on the adipogenic stage. However, further studies related to the in vivo role of newly discovered adipogenic regulators and their function in various diseases are needed to develop new potent therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, López-Cifuentes D, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, García-Bañuelos J, Armendariz-Borunda J. Medicinal Plant Extracts against Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated with Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:967. [PMID: 39065815 PMCID: PMC11280341 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has increasingly become a worldwide epidemic, as demonstrated by epidemiological and clinical studies. Obesity may lead to the development of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In addition to hypertension, there are other cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) such as visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, and others, all of which increase the risk of CVD events. The mechanisms involved between obesity and CVD mainly include insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipokine dysregulation, which cause maladaptive structural and functional alterations of the heart, particularly left-ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. Natural products of plants provide a diversity of nutrients and different bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, and others, which possess a wide range of biological activities including antihypertensive, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, and other activities, thus conferring cardiometabolic benefits. In this review, we discuss the main therapeutic interventions using extracts from herbs and plants in preclinical and clinical trials with protective properties targeting CRFs. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of herb and plant extracts for the prevention and treatment of CRFs are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Daniel López-Cifuentes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Doctorate in Sciences in Molecular Biology in Medicine, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.L.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud (EMCS), Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
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16
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Wareing N, Mills TW, Collum S, Wu M, Revercomb L, Girard R, Lyons M, Skaug B, Bi W, Ali MA, Koochak H, Flores AR, Yang Y, Zheng WJ, Swindell WR, Assassi S, Karmouty-Quintana H. Deletion of adipocyte Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 1 prevents lipolysis and attenuates skin fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595271. [PMID: 38826482 PMCID: PMC11142148 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Dermal fibrosis is a cardinal feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for which there are limited treatment strategies. This is in part due to our fragmented understanding of how dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) contributes to skin fibrosis. We identified elevated sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) expression in SSc skin samples from the GENISOS and PRESS cohorts, the expression of which correlated with adipose-associated genes and molecular pathways. SIX1 localization studies identified increased signals in the DWAT area in SSc and in experimental models of skin fibrosis. Global and adipocyte specific Six1 deletion abrogated end-stage fibrotic gene expression and dermal adipocyte shrinkage induced by SQ bleomycin treatment. Further studies revealed a link between elevated SIX1 and increased expression of SERPINE1 and its protein PAI-1 which are known pro-fibrotic mediators. However, SIX1 deletion did not appear to affect cellular trans differentiation. Taken together these results point at SIX1 as a potential target for dermal fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Scott Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Minghua Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | | | - Rene Girard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Marka Lyons
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Weizhen Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Meer A. Ali
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Haniyeh Koochak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Anthony R Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Yuntao Yang
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
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17
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Yao W, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Quinoa Polyphenol Extract Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2024; 16:2276. [PMID: 39064719 PMCID: PMC11279623 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of NAFLD has exploded globally, but there are currently no officially approved medications for treating the condition. The regulation of NAFLD through plant-derived active substances has become a new area of interest. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been discovered to contain a large quantity of bioactive compounds. In this study, we established a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis model and explored the effects of quinoa polyphenol extract (QPE) on the major hallmarks of NAFLD. The results indicated that QPE significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Additionally, QPE remarkably elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) and lowered levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Further examination revealed that QPE attenuated intracellular inflammation, which was verified by the reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, QPE inhibited fatty acid biosynthesis mainly by targeting de novo lipogenesis (DNL) via the AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Moreover, network pharmacology was used to analyze key targets for NAFLD mitigation by ferulic acid (FA), a major component of QPE. Taken together, this study suggests that QPE could ameliorate NAFLD by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi 214026, China; (W.Y.); (M.F.); (H.Q.); (Y.L.)
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18
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Ishii M, Miyata H, Ikeda N, Sakurai T, Oura Y, Nishimura M. Kaempferia parviflora extract and its component polymethoxyflavones suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the AMPK pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:785. [PMID: 38951450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker (KP) has been reported to exhibit anti-obesity effects. However, the detailed mechanism of the anti-obesity effect of KP extract (KPE) is yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of KPE and its component polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) on the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS AND RESULTS KPE and PMFs fraction (2.5 µg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid and triacylglyceride accumulation in MSCs; lipid accumulation in MSCs was suppressed during the early stages of differentiation (days 0-3) but not during the mid (days 3-7) or late (days 7-14) stages. Treatment with KPE and PMFs fractions significantly suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various adipogenic metabolic factors. Treatment with KPE and PMFs fraction induced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and pretreatment with an AMPK signaling inhibitor significantly attenuated KPE- and PMFs fraction-induced suppression of lipid formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that KPE and PMFs fraction inhibit lipid formation by inhibiting the differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs into adipocyte lineages via AMPK signaling, and this may be the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of KPE and PMFs. Our study lays the foundation for the elucidation of the anti-obesity mechanism of KPE and PMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yurika Oura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
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19
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Hong C, Li X, Zhang K, Huang Q, Li B, Xin H, Hu B, Meng F, Zhu X, Tang D, Hu C, Tao C, Li J, Cao Y, Wang H, Deng B, Wang S. Novel perspectives on autophagy-oxidative stress-inflammation axis in the orchestration of adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404697. [PMID: 38982993 PMCID: PMC11232368 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an indispensable organ, fulfils the pivotal role of energy storage and metabolism and is instrumental in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of energy and health of the organism. Adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocyte hyperplasia (adipogenesis) are the two primary mechanisms of fat deposition. Mature adipocytes are obtained by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes and redifferentiation. However, the mechanisms orchestrating adipogenesis remain unclear. Autophagy, an alternative cell death pathway that sustains intracellular energy homeostasis through the degradation of cellular components, is implicated in regulating adipogenesis. Furthermore, adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, producing various cytokines, and certain inflammatory factors, in turn, modulate autophagy and adipogenesis. Additionally, autophagy influences intracellular redox homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species, which play pivotal roles in adipogenesis. There is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adipogenesis. The present manuscript reviews the impact of autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the regulation of adipogenesis and, for the first time, discusses their interactions during adipogenesis. An integrated analysis of the role of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of adipogenesis and expediting the exploration of molecular targets for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health- Hong Kong University (GIBH-HKU) Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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20
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Lee Y, Iqbal N, Lee MH, Park DS, Kim YS. Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus DS0079 (YBS1) by Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation through Regulation of p38 MAPK/PPARγ Signaling. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1073-1081. [PMID: 38719777 PMCID: PMC11180917 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is spawned by an inequality between the portion of energy consumed and the quantity of energy expended. Disease entities such as cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and cancer, which are correlated with obesity, influence society and the economy. Suppression of adipogenesis, the process of white adipocyte generation, remains a promising approach for treating obesity. Oil Red O staining was used to differentiate 3T3-L1 cells for screening 20 distinct Lactobacillus species. Among these, Lactobacillus acidophilus DS0079, referred to as YBS1, was selected for further study. YBS1 therapy decreased 3T3-L1 cell development. Triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of the primary adipogenic marker, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), including its downstream target genes, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 and adiponectin, were almost eliminated. YBS1 inhibited adipocyte differentiation at the early stage (days 0-2), but no significant difference was noted between the mid-stage (days 2-4) and late-stage (days 4-6) development. YBS1 stimulated the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) during the early stages of adipogenesis; however, this effect was eliminated by the SB203580 inhibitor. The data showed that YBS1 administration inhibited the initial development of adipocytes via stimulation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which in turn controlled PPARγ expression. In summary, YBS1 has potential efficacy as an anti-obesity supplement and requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Navid Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sang Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
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21
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Sekar M, Thirumurugan K. Autophagic Regulation of Adipogenesis Through TP53INP2: Insights from In Silico and In Vitro Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1188-1205. [PMID: 38238641 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease associated with multimorbidity resulting in higher mortality risk. The imbalance between energy storage and expenditure is the prime factor in the prognosis of the disease. Specifically, excessive lipid storage through adipogenesis leads to obesity. Adipogenesis is the process that converts preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by regulating major transcription factors like PPARγ and C/EBPα, contributes to lipid storage in adipose tissue. On the contrary, autophagy is a self-degradative process that maintains homeostasis in adipose tissue by regulating adipogenesis and lipolysis. TP53INP2 is a key player that regulates the autophagy process, and it negatively regulates adipogenesis and lipid storage. The gene expression profile GSE93637 was retrieved from the GEO database and analyzed using an integrated bioinformatics approach. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R-Bioconductor for TP53INP2 knockdown microarray dataset of 3T3L1 cells, and the DEGs were analyzed for the functional enrichment analysis. Further, the genes involved in the potential biological and molecular functions were evaluated for pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). A total of 726 DEGs were found including 391 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes. Further, the functional and pathway enrichment analysis was employed to identify the highly interacting genes, and we identified a total of 56 genes that are highly interacting through a protein-protein interaction network. The DEGs mainly regulate the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, lipolysis, and autophagy. Further, we investigated the associated Hub genes for enriched pathway genes and found the involvement of two autophagic genes ATG7 and sequestosome 1 (p62). In addition, in vitro studies of qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot analysis revealed that increased autophagy resulted in reduced lipid storage through down-regulation of the adipogenic gene. Moreover, increased expression of autophagic gene TP53INP2 and ATG7 facilitates the down-regulation of p62 and PPARγ gene resulting in lipolysis in mature adipocytes through autophagy. There is no specific treatment to reduce obesity other than a caloric diet and exercise. Hence, this study provides sufficient evidence to conclude that TP53INP2 negatively regulates adipogenesis and increases the degradation of lipids in mature adipocytes which is crucial for reducing obesity. Therefore, it is plausible to consider TP53INP2 as a promising therapeutic target for managing adipogenesis and obesity. However, further studies are necessary to validate their functional and molecular pathway analysis in the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouliganesh Sekar
- Structural Biology Lab, #412, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, #412, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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23
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Wang C, Chen C, Lei B, Qin S, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang S, Liu Y. Constructing eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks to explore the genetic basis of muscle and fat-relevant traits in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:28. [PMID: 38594607 PMCID: PMC11003151 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation. While significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation mediated by eRNAs, research on the construction of eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks (eGRN) and the identification of critical network components that influence complex traits is lacking. RESULTS Here, employing the pig as a model, we conducted a comprehensive study using H3K27ac histone ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data to construct eRNA expression profiles from multiple tissues of two distinct pig breeds, namely Enshi Black (ES) and Duroc. In addition to revealing the regulatory landscape of eRNAs at the tissue level, we developed an innovative network construction and refinement method by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals and enhancer-modulating effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) measured by self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) experiments. Using this approach, we unraveled eGRN that significantly influence the growth and development of muscle and fat tissues, and identified several novel genes that affect adipocyte differentiation in a cell line model. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of economic pig traits, but also offers a generalizable approach to elucidate the eRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation underlying a wide spectrum of complex traits for diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Choulin Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Qin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528226, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Bustraan S, Bennett J, Whilding C, Pennycook BR, Smith D, Barr AR, Read J, Carling D, Pollard A. AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses leptin expression independently of adipogenesis in primary murine adipocytes. Biochem J 2024; 481:345-362. [PMID: 38314646 PMCID: PMC11088909 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, defined as the development of mature adipocytes from stem cell precursors, is vital for the expansion, turnover and health of adipose tissue. Loss of adipogenic potential in adipose stem cells, or impairment of adipogenesis is now recognised as an underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction and is associated with metabolic disease. In this study, we sought to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of energy homeostasis, in adipogenesis. Primary murine adipose-derived stem cells were treated with a small molecule AMPK activator (BI-9774) during key phases of adipogenesis, to determine the effect of AMPK activation on adipocyte commitment, maturation and function. To determine the contribution of the repression of lipogenesis by AMPK in these processes, we compared the effect of pharmacological inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We show that AMPK activation inhibits adipogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Transient AMPK activation during adipogenic commitment leads to a significant, ACC-independent, repression of adipogenic transcription factor expression. Furthermore, we identify a striking, previously unexplored inhibition of leptin gene expression in response to both short-term and chronic AMPK activation irrespective of adipogenesis. These findings reveal that in addition to its effect on adipogenesis, AMPK activation switches off leptin gene expression in primary mouse adipocytes independently of adipogenesis. Our results identify leptin expression as a novel target of AMPK through mechanisms yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bustraan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jane Bennett
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Chad Whilding
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | | | - David Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jon Read
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David Carling
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Alice Pollard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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25
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Park CY, Han SN. Vitamin D and obesity. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:221-247. [PMID: 38777414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
An inverse association between vitamin D status and obesity has been reported across diverse populations and age groups in humans. In animal model of diet-induced obesity, dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism has been observed. However, the causal relationship between vitamin D status and obesity is not conclusive. Several explanations, such as volumetric dilution, sequestration of vitamin D into adipose tissue, and limited sunlight exposure, have been suggested as the underlying mechanisms linking poor vitamin D status and obesity. Vitamin D can modulate adipose tissue biology, spanning from adipocyte differentiation to adipocyte apoptosis and energy metabolism, indicating its potential impact on adiposity. In this chapter, we will review the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among different populations, as well as changes in vitamin D metabolism associated with obesity. Additionally, we will review vitamin D's regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis at the cellular level in order to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking vitamin D levels and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Health Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Gina NNT, Kuo JL, Wu ML, Chuang SM. Sesamin and sesamolin potentially inhibit adipogenesis through downregulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein expression and activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res 2024; 123:4-17. [PMID: 38228077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Sesamin and sesamolin are major sesame lignans that have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties and potential benefits in the liver, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. However, despite previous research on their antiobesity effects and underlying mechanisms, a comprehensive investigation of these aspects is still lacking. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effects of 20 to 80 µM sesamin and sesamolin on adipogenesis in vitro using 3T3-L1 cells as a model cell line. We hypothesized that the lignans would inhibit adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Our data indicate that sesamin and sesamolin inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by dose-dependently decreasing lipid accumulation and triglyceride formation. Sesamin and sesamolin reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors, PPARγ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, leading to the dose-dependent downregulations of their downstream targets, fatty acid binding protein 4, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and glucose transporter 4. In addition, glucose uptake was dose-dependently attenuated by sesamin and sesamolin in both differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HepG2 cells. Interestingly, our results suggested that sesamin and sesamolin might directly bind to PPARγ to inhibit its transcriptional activity. Finally, sesamin and sesamolin decreased the phosphorylation of 3 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that sesamin and sesamolin may exhibit antiobesity effects by potentially downregulating PPARγ and its downstream genes through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, offering important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity effects of sesamin and sesamolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelma Nyvonne Tiqu Gina
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Kuo
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Li Wu
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan.
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Law, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Lu H, Zhao Z, Yu H, Iqbal A, Jiang P. The serine protease 2 gene regulates lipid metabolism through the LEP/ampkα1/SREBP1 pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 698:149558. [PMID: 38271832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Molecular breeding has brought about significant transformations in the milk market and production system during the twenty-first century. The primary economic characteristic of dairy production pertains to milk fat content. Our previous transcriptome analyses revealed that serine protease 2 (PRSS2) is a candidate gene that could impact milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. To elucidate the function of the PRSS2 gene in milk fat synthesis, we constructed vectors for PRSS2 overexpression and interference and assessed intracellular triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents in BMECs. Fatty acid varieties and components were also quantified using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) technology. The regulatory pathway mediated by PRSS2 was validated through qPCR, ELISA, and WB techniques. Based on our research findings, PRSS2 emerges as a pivotal gene that regulates the expression of associated genes, thereby making a substantial contribution to lipid metabolism via the leptin (LEP)/Adenylate-activated protein kinase, alpha 1 catalytic subunit (AMPKα1)/sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1) pathway by inhibiting TGs and CHOL accumulation while potentially promoting NEFA synthesis in BMECs. Furthermore, the PRSS2 gene enhances intracellular medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolism by modulating genes related to the LEP/AMPKα1/SREBP1 pathway, leading to increased contents of unsaturated fatty acids C17:1N7 and C22:4N6. This study provides a robust theoretical framework for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms through which PRSS2 influences lipid metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Lu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Hsu CY, Liao CC, Lin ZC, Alalaiwe A, Hwang E, Lin TW, Fang JY. Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:50. [PMID: 38317220 PMCID: PMC10845550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk to human health. Adipogenesis is blocked by α-tocopherol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, their effect at preventing obesity is uncertain. The effectiveness of the bioactive agents is associated with their delivery method. Herein, we designed CLA-loaded tocol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhancing the anti-adipogenic activity of α-tocopherol and CLA. Adipogenesis inhibition by the nanocarriers was examined using an in vitro adipocyte model and an in vivo rat model fed a high fat diet (HFD). The targeting of the tocol NLCs into adipocytes and adipose tissues were also investigated. A synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect was observed for the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. Nanoparticles with different amounts of solid lipid were developed with an average size of 121‒151 nm. The NLCs with the smallest size (121 nm) showed greater adipocyte internalization and differentiation prevention than the larger size. The small-sized NLCs promoted CLA delivery into adipocytes by 5.5-fold as compared to free control. The nanocarriers reduced fat accumulation in adipocytes by counteracting the expression of the adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Localized administration of CLA-loaded tocol NLCs significantly reduced body weight, total cholesterol, and liver damage indicators in obese rats. The biodistribution study demonstrated that the nanoparticles mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. The NLCs decreased adipocyte hypertrophy and cytokine overexpression in the groin and epididymis to a greater degree than the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. In conclusion, the lipid-based nanocarriers were verified to inhibit adipogenesis in an efficient and safe way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Gil TY, Park J, Park YJ, Kim HJ, Cominguez DC, An HJ. Drynaria rhizome water extract alleviates high‑fat diet‑induced obesity in mice. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:30. [PMID: 38131179 PMCID: PMC10784730 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drynaria rhizome is a herbal medicine used for strengthening bones and treating bone diseases in East Asia. Although obesity is considered to benefit bone formation, it has been revealed that visceral fat accumulation can promote osteoporosis. Given the complex relationship between bone metabolism and obesity, bone‑strengthening medicines should be evaluated while considering the effects of obesity. The present study investigated the effects of Drynaria rhizome extract (DRE) on high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice. DRE was supplemented with the HFD. Body weight, food intake, the expression levels of lipogenesis transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)‑1, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR)‑γ and adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK)‑α, and AMPK activation were evaluated. Mice fed DRE and a HFD exhibited reduced body weight without differences in food intake compared with those in the HFD group. Furthermore, DRE; upregulated AMPK‑α of epididymal one; down‑regulated SREBP‑1 and PPAR‑γ, as determined using western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Decreased lipid accumulation were observed in both fat pad and liver of HFD‑fed mice, which were suppressed by DRE treatment. These results demonstrated the potential of DRE as a dietary natural product for strengthening bones and managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Divina C. Cominguez
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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30
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Choi YR, Kim YS, Kim MJ. Cinnamyl Alcohol Attenuates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells by Arresting the Cell Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:693. [PMID: 38255766 PMCID: PMC10815721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol (CA) is an aromatic compound found in several plant-based resources and has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. However, the anti-adipogenic mechanism of CA has not been sufficiently studied. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of CA on the regulation of adipogenesis. As evidenced by Oil Red O staining, Western blotting, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses, CA treatment (6.25-25 μM) for 8 d significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner and downregulated adipogenesis-related markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin(MDI)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, among the various differentiation stages, the early stage of adipogenesis was critical for the inhibitory effect of CA. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that CA effectively inhibited MDI-induced initiation of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and downregulating the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and cell cycle markers (cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), cyclin E1, CDK2, and cyclin B1). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), markers of upstream signaling pathways, were phosphorylated during MCE by CA. In conclusion, CA can act as an anti-adipogenic agent by inhibiting the AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the cell cycle and may also act as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Rim Choi
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
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31
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Ramineedu K, Sankaran KR, Mallepogu V, Rendedula DP, Gunturu R, Gandham S, Md SI, Meriga B. Thymoquinone mitigates obesity and diabetic parameters through regulation of major adipokines, key lipid metabolizing enzymes and AMPK/p-AMPK in diet-induced obese rats. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38125651 PMCID: PMC10728404 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic activity of Thymoquinone (ThyQ) isolated from Nigella sativa seeds. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups and fed either normal pellet diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and water ad-libitum. Group I: normal pellet diet (NPD)-fed, Group II: high-fat diet (HFD)-fed, Group III: HFD-fed-ThyQ (20 mg)-treated, Group IV: HFD-fed-ThyQ (40 mg)-treated and Group V: HFD-fed-Orlistat (5 mg)-treated group. Intervention with ThyQ started from 12th week onwards to HFD-fed rats of group III and IV. ThyQ administration significantly (p < 0.01) mitigated body weight gain, blood glucose, insulin level, serum and liver lipids (except HDL) and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Furthermore, ThyQ significantly (p < 0.01) diminished serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), plasma leptin, resistin and visfatin levels but enhanced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adiponectin levels. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated down-regulated mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) but upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1).Western blot analysis displayed phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ThyQ-treated rats. Liver microtome sections of HFD-fed rats showed degenerated hepatocytes with high lipid stores while that of adipose tissue sections displayed large, fat-laden adipocytes, however, these histological changes were considerably attenuated in ThyQ-treated groups. Together these findings demonstrate that ThyQ can be a valuable therapeutic compound to potentially alleviate diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03847-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Ramineedu
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Venkataswamy Mallepogu
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | | | | | - Sreedevi Gandham
- Department of ECE, Siddartha Educational Academy Group of Institutions, Tirupati, AP 517502 India
| | - Shahidul Islam Md
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
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Sabikunnahar B, Caldwell S, Varnum S, Hogan T, Lahue KG, Rathkolb B, Gerlini R, Dragano NRV, Aguilar‐Pimentel A, Irmler M, Sanz‐Moreno A, da Silva‐Buttkus P, Beckers J, Wolf E, Gailus‐Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabe de Angelis M, Ather JL, Poynter ME, Krementsov DN. LncRNA U90926 is dispensable for the development of obesity-associated phenotypes in vivo. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15901. [PMID: 38171546 PMCID: PMC10764201 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem characterized by excessive fat accumulation, driven by adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue function. Mouse lncRNA U90926 was previously identified as a repressor of in vitro adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Consequently, we hypothesized that, in vivo, U90926 may repress adipogenesis, and hence its deletion would increase weight gain and adiposity. We tested the hypothesis by applying U90926-deficient (U9-KO) mice to a high-throughput phenotyping pipeline. Compared with WT, U9-KO mice showed no major differences across a wide range of behavioral, neurological, and other physiological parameters. In mice fed a standard diet, we have found no differences in obesity-related phenotypes, including weight gain, fat mass, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and free fatty acids, in U9-KO mice compared to WT. U90926 deficiency lacked a major effect on white adipose tissue morphology and gene expression profile. Furthermore, in mice fed a high-fat diet, we found increased expression of U90926 in adipose tissue stromal vascular cell fraction, yet observed no effect of U90926 deficiency on weight gain, fat mass, adipogenesis marker expression, and immune cell infiltration into the adipose tissue. These data suggest that the U90926 lacks an essential role in obesity-related phenotypes and adipose tissue biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bristy Sabikunnahar
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Sydney Caldwell
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Stella Varnum
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Tyler Hogan
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Karolyn G. Lahue
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Nathalia R. V. Dragano
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Antonio Aguilar‐Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Adrián Sanz‐Moreno
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Patricia da Silva‐Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Valerie Gailus‐Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse ClinicHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | | | | | - Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
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Proença C, Freitas M, Rocha S, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Unravelling the Influence of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Obesity Pathophysiology Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:883-918. [PMID: 39287876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity represents a global health concern, affecting individuals of all age groups across the world. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity has escalated to pandemic proportions, leading to a substantial increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. This chapter seeks to provide a comprehensive exploration of the pathways through which endocrine-disrupting chemicals can influence the pathophysiology of obesity. These mechanisms encompass aspects such as the regulation of food intake and appetite, intestinal fat absorption, lipid metabolism, and the modulation of inflammation. This knowledge may help to elucidate the role of exogenous molecules in both the aetiology and progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Seike M, Ashida H, Yamashita Y. Dietary flaxseed oil induces production of adiponectin in visceral fat and prevents obesity in mice. Nutr Res 2024; 121:16-27. [PMID: 38039598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Induction of obesity by dietary fats and oils differs according to the type of fat. Adiponectin is believed to be related to obesity prevention. We hypothesized that flaxseed oil is important for preventing obesity and producing adiponectin. To clarify this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between obesity and different fat sources in mice fed diets with 6 types of fat and oils. C57BL/6J mice were given a control diet containing 5% corn oil or a high-fat diet containing 20% of either lard, palm oil, rapeseed oil, oleate-rich safflower oil, corn oil, or flaxseed oil for 14 weeks. In another experiment, mice were given a control diet and rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 1 week. At the end of study, plasma adiponectin and expression of fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white and brown adipose tissue and the liver were measured. Dietary flaxseed oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid, did not induce obesity. Flaxseed oil resulted in increased β-oxidation-related factors in epididymal white adipose tissue, decreased fatty acid synthesis-related factors in the liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue following increase of plasma adiponectin. The results suggested that increase in plasma adiponectin after intake of flaxseed oil may be due to altered expression of AdipoQ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in epididymal white adipose tissue. Flaxseed oil increased expression of adiponectin in visceral fat and regulated obesity-controlling fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white adipose tissue and liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Seike
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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35
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Zhong S, Du X, Gao J, Ji G, Liu Z. BMP8B Activates Both SMAD2/3 and NF-κB Signals to Inhibit the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes into Mature Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 38201894 PMCID: PMC10780770 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) has been found to regulate the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the browning process of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, there is no available information regarding the role of BMP8B in the process of adipocyte differentiation. Here, we showed that BMP8B down-regulates transcriptional regulators PPARγ and C/EBPα, thereby impeding the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into fully mature adipocytes. BMP8B increased the phosphorylation levels of SMAD2/3, and TP0427736 HCl (SMAD2/3 inhibitor) significantly reduced the ability of BMP8B to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that BMP8B repressed adipocyte differentiation through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Moreover, the knockdown of BMP I receptor ALK4 significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of BMP8B on adipogenesis, indicating that BMP8B triggers SMAD2/3 signaling to suppress adipogenesis via ALK4. In addition, BMP8B activated the NF-κB signal, which has been demonstrated to impede PPARγ expression. Collectively, our data demonstrated that BMP8B activates both SMAD2/3 and NF-κB signals to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. We provide previously unidentified insight into BMP8B-mediated adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.Z.); (X.D.); (J.G.); (G.J.)
| | - Xueqing Du
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.Z.); (X.D.); (J.G.); (G.J.)
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.Z.); (X.D.); (J.G.); (G.J.)
| | - Guangdong Ji
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.Z.); (X.D.); (J.G.); (G.J.)
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.Z.); (X.D.); (J.G.); (G.J.)
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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Lee JI, Oh JH, Karadeniz F, Kong CS, Seo Y. Inhibitory Effects of Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Artemisia scoparia on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:200. [PMID: 38203371 PMCID: PMC10779302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related complications are significant health issues in modern society, largely attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and a carbohydrate-rich diet. Since anti-obesity drugs often come with severe side effects, preventative measures are being sought globally, including dietary changes and functional foods that can counteract weight gain. In this context, plant-based metabolites are extensively studied for their advantageous biological effects against obesity. Several plants within the Artemisia genus have been reported to possess anti-adipogenic properties, preventing adipocytes from maturing and accumulating lipids. The present study investigated the anti-adipogenic potential of two sesquiterpenoids, reynosin and santamarine, isolated from A. scoparia in adipose-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with these isolated compounds displayed fewer adipogenic characteristics compared to untreated mature adipocytes. The results indicated that cells treated with reynosin and santamarine accumulated 55.0% and 52.5% fewer intracellular lipids compared to untreated control adipocytes, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expression of the key adipogenic marker, transcription factor PPARγ, was suppressed by 87.2% and 91.7% following 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively, in differentiated adipocytes. Protein expression was also suppressed in a similar manner, at 92.7% and 82.5% by 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively. Likewise, SERBP1c and C/EBPα were also downregulated at both gene and protein levels in adipocytes treated with samples during differentiation. Further analysis suggested that the anti-adipogenic effect of the compounds might be a result of AMPK activation and the subsequent suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. Overall, the present study suggested that sesquiterpenoids, reynosin, and santamarine were two potential bioactive compounds with anti-adipogenic properties. Further research is needed to explore other bioactive agents within A. scoparia and elucidate the in vivo action mechanisms of reynosin and santamarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Incheon Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service Incheon, Incheon 22346, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea;
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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Mishra T, Gupta S, Rai P, Khandelwal N, Chourasiya M, Kushwaha V, Singh A, Varshney S, Gaikwad AN, Narender T. Anti-adipogenic action of a novel oxazole derivative through activation of AMPK pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115895. [PMID: 37883898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, medical, dietary and other environmental factors. Both natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds, especially oxazoles, represent an interesting group of compounds and have gained much attention due to their remarkable biological activities. Therefore, a library of 3,3-DMAH (3,3-dimethylallylhalfordinol) inspired N-alkylated oxazole bromide salts with varied substitutions were prepared and screened using the 3T3-L1 model of adipogenesis and HFD-induced obesity model in Syrian golden hamsters. Several compounds in the synthesized series displayed remarkable anti-adipogenic potential on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Compound 19e, displayed the most potent activity of all and selected for further studies. Compound 19e inhibited mitotic clonal expansion of 3T3-L1 cells and enhanced the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate of the cells during early phase of differentiation via AMPK activation. 19e also improved the dyslipidaemia in high calorie diet fed Syrian Golden Hamsters. Therefore, compound 19e can serve as a potential lead against adipogenesis and dyslipidaemia models and could be further investigated to affirm its significance as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prashant Rai
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India
| | - Nilesh Khandelwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohit Chourasiya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinita Kushwaha
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Astha Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Bourebaba L, Kępska M, Qasem B, Zyzak M, Łyczko J, Klemens M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. Sex hormone-binding globulin improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome-affected horses. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214961. [PMID: 38146533 PMCID: PMC10749534 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a steadily growing endocrine disorder representing a real challenge in veterinary practice. As a multifactorial condition, EMS is characterized by three main metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, increased adiposity or obesity and hoof laminitis. Adipose tissue dysfunction is recognized as a core pathophysiological determinant of EMS, as it strongly participates to lipotoxicity and systemic metaflammation, both of which have been closely linked to the development of generalized insulin resistance. Besides, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is an important sex steroids transporters that has been recently proposed as an important metabolic mediator. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether SHBG treatment may ameliorate subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic failure under EMS condition in terms of lipidome homeostasis, lipid metabolism programs, insulin signalling and local inflammation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected post-mortem from healthy (n = 3) and EMS (n = 3) slaughtered horses. SHBG protein has been applied to SAT samples from EMS horses for 24 h at a final concentration of 50 nM, while control groups (healthy and untreated EMS) were cultured in the presence of SHBG-vehicle only. Tissues from all groups were afterwards secured for downstream analysis of gene expression using RT-qPCR, protein levels by Western blot and ELISA assay and lipidomics through GC-MS technique. Obtained results showcased that SHBG intervention efficiently normalized the altered fatty acids (FAs) profiles by lowering the accumulation of saturated and trans FAs, as well as the pro-inflammatory arachidonic and linoleic acids. Moreover, SHBG showed promising value for the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis and engorgement by lowering the levels of perilipin-1. SHBG exerted moderated effect toward SCD1 and FASN enzymes expression, but increased the LPL abundance. Interestingly, SHBG exhibited a negative regulatory effect on pro-adipogenic stimulators and induced higher expression of KLF3, IRF3 and β-catenin, known as strong adipogenesis repressors. Finally, SHBG protein showed remarkable ability in restoring the insulin signal transduction, IR/IRS/Pi3K/AKT phosphorylation events and GLUT4 transporter abundance, and further attenuate pro-inflammatory response by lowering IL-6 tissue levels and targeting the PDIA3/ERK axis. Overall, the obtained data clearly demonstrate the benefice of SHBG treatment in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in the course of EMS and provide new insights for the development of molecular therapies with potential translational application to human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Klemens
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Romero-Herrera I, Nogales F, Gallego-López MDC, Díaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, Carreras O, Ojeda ML. Adipose tissue homeostasis orchestrates the oxidative, energetic, metabolic and endocrine disruption induced by binge drinking in adolescent rats. J Physiol 2023; 601:5617-5633. [PMID: 37994192 DOI: 10.1113/jp285362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is the most common alcohol consumption model for adolescents, and has recently been related to the generation of high oxidation and insulin resistance (IR). White adipose tissue (WAT) is a target organ for insulin action that regulates whole-body metabolism by secreting adipokines. The present study aimed to analyse the oxidative, inflammatory, energetic and endocrine profile in the WAT of BD-exposed adolescent rats, to obtain an integrative view of insulin secretion and WAT in IR progression. Two groups of male adolescent rats were used: control (n = 8) and BD (n = 8). An intermittent i.p. BD model (20% v/v) was used during 3 consecutive weeks. BD exposure led to a pancreatic oxidative imbalance, which was joint to high insulin secretion by augmenting deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) pancreatic expression and serum adipsin levels. However, BD rats had hyperglycaemia and high homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance value (HOMA-IR). BD exposure in WAT increased lipid oxidation, as well as decreased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and AKT expression, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), forkhead box O3A (FOXO3a) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and adipocyte size. BD also affected the expression of proteins related to energy balance, such as SIRT-1 and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), affecting the adipokine secretion profile (increasing resistin/adiponectin ratio). BD altered the entire serum lipid profile, increasing the concentration of free fatty acids. In conclusion, BD led to an oxidative imbalance and IR process in WAT, which modified the energy balance in this tissue, decreasing the WAT lipogenic/lipolytic ratio, affecting adipokine secretion and the systemic lipid profile, and contributing to the progression of IR. Therefore, WAT is key in the generation of metabolic and endocrine disruption after BD exposure during adolescence in rats. KEY POINTS: Adolescent rat binge drinking (BD) exposure leads to hepatic and systemic oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species generation, causing hepatic insulin resistance (IR) and altered energy metabolism. In the present study, BD exposure in adolescent rats induces OS in the pancreas, with increased insulin secretion despite hyperglycaemia, indicating a role for IR in white adipose tissue (WAT) homeostasis. In WAT, BD produces IR and an oxidative and energetic imbalance, triggering an intense lipolysis where the serum lipid profile is altered and free fatty acids are increased, consistent with liver lipid accumulation and steatosis. BD exposure heightens inflammation in WAT, elevating pro-inflammatory and reducing anti-inflammatory adipokines, favouring cardiovascular damage. This research provides a comprehensive view of how adolescent BD in rats impacts liver, WAT and pancreas homeostasis, posing a risk for future cardiometabolic complications in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Romero-Herrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Javier Díaz-Castro
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix Verdú', University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix Verdú', University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio José Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix Verdú', University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
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Saghazadeh A. Exploring the pharmacological versatility of ficus carica: Modulating classical immunometabolism and beyond. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107010. [PMID: 37995897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The burden of metabolic disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. On the other hand, sustainability is the key project of the 21st century. Natural products offer a coherent option for the complementary management of both these challenges. Ficus carica (FC), commonly known as the fig fruit, has an experimentally proven potency for the modulation of cell cycle, immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Here, we review the potential of FC-derived products (FCDP) in slowing down the progression of cancers, acute/chronic inflammation-related conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, toxicities, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular diseases, and skin-stressing conditions, as well as, in boosting normal healthy functions of the endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It reveals a variety of cellular and molecular targets for FCDP: cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ), chemokines (CCL2), other inflammatory mediators (CRP, PGE2), immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4, FcεRI), oxidative stress-related markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, GPx, catalase, ROS, NO, protein carbonyls), kinases (MAPKs, hexokinase, G6Pase, FBPase, PEPCK, Akt, AMPK, GSK3, CDKs), other enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, caspases), growth factors/receptors (VEGF, EGFR), hormones (DHEAS, prolactin, GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, DHT, insulin), cell death-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, FasL, gasdermins, cytochrome C), glucose transporter protein (Glut4), and transcription factors (NF-κB, HNF-4α, Foxo, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, CREB, NFATC1, STAT3). FCDP cause both activation and inhibition of AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling to confer condition-specific advantages. Such a broad-range activity might be attributed to different mechanisms of action of FCDP in modulating functions within the classical immunometabolic system, but also beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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An M, Lim YH. Surface-exposed chaperonin 60 derived from Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 inhibits adipogenesis by decreasing the expression of C/EBPα/PPARγ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19251. [PMID: 37935755 PMCID: PMC10630399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the health benefits of probiotics are not limited to those offered by living bacteria. It was reported that both live and killed cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2) isolated from raw milk showed antiobesity activity in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. This study was aimed at identifying the active component(s) responsible for the antiadipogenic activity of MJ2. Cell wall, surface protein, and cytoplasmic fractions of MJ2 were investigated for their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Adipocytes treated with the surface protein fraction showed significantly lower lipid accumulation. Using the MASCOT algorithm following LC-MS/MS analysis, 131 surface proteins were identified and they were principally classified into three categories (network clusters related to ribosomes, carbon metabolism, and chaperones). Among them, chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) was selected as a potential candidate protein. Cpn60 inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenesis during the early period of differentiation (days 0-2) and decreased expression of genes related to adipogenesis (Pparg and Cebpa) and lipogenesis (Fas and Scd1). The expression of Gata2/3, which suppresses adipogenesis, significantly increased in Cpn60-treated cells. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of C/EBPβ was inhibited by Cpn60 treatment. In conclusion, Cpn60, a surface protein in MJ2, shows antiadipogenic activity by reducing the expression of C/EBPβ through the upregulation of Gata2/3 expression followed by downregulation of Pparg and Cebpa expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae An
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Duo T, Liu X, Mo D, Bian Y, Cai S, Wang M, Li R, Zhu Q, Tong X, Liang Z, Jiang W, Chen S, Chen Y, He Z. Single-base editing in IGF2 improves meat production and intramuscular fat deposition in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37919760 PMCID: PMC10621156 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese indigenous pigs are popular with consumers for their juiciness, flavour and meat quality, but they have lower meat production. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a maternally imprinted growth factor that promotes skeletal muscle growth by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within intron 3 of porcine IGF2 disrupts a binding site for the repressor, zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), leading to up-regulation of IGF2 and causing major effects on muscle growth, heart size, and backfat thickness. This favorable mutation is common in Western commercial pig populations, but absent in most Chinese indigenous pig breeds. To improve meat production of Chinese indigenous pigs, we used cytosine base editor 3 (CBE3) to introduce IGF2-intron3-C3071T mutation into porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) isolated from a male Liang Guang Small Spotted pig (LGSS), and single-cell clones harboring the desired mutation were selected for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate the founder line of IGF2T/T pigs. RESULTS We found the heterozygous progeny IGF2C/T pigs exhibited enhanced expression of IGF2, increased lean meat by 18%-36%, enlarged loin muscle area by 3%-17%, improved intramuscular fat (IMF) content by 18%-39%, marbling score by 0.75-1, meat color score by 0.53-1.25, and reduced backfat thickness by 5%-16%. The enhanced accumulation of intramuscular fat in IGF2C/T pigs was identified to be regulated by the PI3K-AKT/AMPK pathway, which activated SREBP1 to promote adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the introduction of IGF2-intron3-C3071T in Chinese LGSS can improve both meat production and quality, and first identified the regulation of IMF deposition by IGF2 through SREBP1 via the PI3K-AKT/AMPK signaling pathways. Our study provides a further understanding of the biological functions of IGF2 and an example for improving porcine economic traits through precise base editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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Joung HY, Oh JM, Song MS, Kwon YB, Chun S. Selegiline Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Activating AMPK Pathways of Epididymal White Adipose Tissues in HFD-Fed Obese Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2539. [PMID: 38004519 PMCID: PMC10675427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, as a major cause of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, is among the most serious health problems. Increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been observed in the adipose tissue of obese humans and animals. Although previous studies have already demonstrated the potential of MAO-B inhibitors as a treatment for this condition, the mechanism of their effect has been insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, using in vivo animal models. The effect was evaluated through an assessment of body energy homeostasis, glucose tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline was observed to reduce body weight and fat accumulation, and improved glucose metabolism without a corresponding change in food intake, in HFD-fed obese mice. We also observed that both the expression of adipogenenic markers, including C/EBPα and FABP4, and lipogenic markers such as pACC were significantly reduced in epididymal white adipose tissues (eWATs). Conversely, increased expression of lipolytic markers such as ATGL and pHSL and AMPK phosphorylation were noted. Treating obese mice with selegiline significantly increased expression levels of UCP1 and promoted eWAT browning, indicating increased energy expenditure. These results suggest that selegiline, by inhibiting MAO-B activity, is a potential anti-obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Bae Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Jung J, Kim NH, Kwon M, Park J, Lim D, Kim Y, Gil W, Cheong YH, Park SA. The inhibitory effect of Gremlin-2 on adipogenesis suppresses breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:128. [PMID: 37880751 PMCID: PMC10599028 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin-1 (GREM1) and Gremlin-2 (GREM2) are bone morphogenetic protein antagonists that play important roles in organogenesis, tissue differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Although GREM1 has been reported to be involved in promoting various cancers, little has been reported about effects of GREM2 on cancer. Recently, it has been reported that GREM2 can inhibit adipogenesis in adipose-derived stromal/stem cells. However, as an inhibitor of adipogenesis, the role of GREM2 in cancer progression is not well understood yet. METHODS Pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing mock or Grem2 were established using a lentiviral transduction system and differentiated into adipocytes-mock and adipocytes-Grem2, respectively. To investigate the effect of adipocyte-Grem2 on breast cancer cells, we analyzed the proliferative and invasion abilities of spheroids using a 3D co-culture system of breast cancer cells and adipocytes or conditioned medium (CM) of adipocytes. An orthotopic breast cancer mouse model was used to examine the role of adipocytes-Grem2 in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Grem2 overexpression suppressed adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Proliferative and invasion abilities of spheroids formed by co-culturing MTV/TM-011 breast cancer cells and adipocytes-Grem2 were significantly reduced compared to those of spheroids formed by co-culturing MTV/TM-011 cells and adipocytes-mock. Compared to adipocytes-mock, adipocytes-Grem2 showed decreased mRNA expression of several adipokines, notably IL-6. The concentration of IL-6 in the CM of these cells was also decreased. Proliferative and invasive abilities of breast cancer cells reduced by adipocytes-Grem2 were restored by IL-6 treatment. Expression levels of vimentin, slug, and twist1 in breast cancer cells were decreased by treatment with CM of adipocytes-Grem2 but increased by IL-6 treatment. In orthotopic breast cancer mouse model, mice injected with both MTV/TM-011 cells and adipocytes-Grem2 showed smaller primary tumors and lower lung metastasis than controls. However, IL-6 administration increased both the size of primary tumor and the number of metastatic lung lesions, which were reduced by adipocytes-Grem2. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that GREM2 overexpression in adipocytes can inhibit adipogenesis, reduce the expression and secretion of several adipokines, including IL-6, and ultimately inhibit breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Jung
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hui Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - World Gil
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hwang Cheong
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Ali NH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alnaaim SA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Autophagy and autophagy signaling in Epilepsy: possible role of autophagy activator. Mol Med 2023; 29:142. [PMID: 37880579 PMCID: PMC10598971 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an explicit cellular process to deliver dissimilar cytoplasmic misfolded proteins, lipids and damaged organelles to the lysosomes for degradation and elimination. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the main negative regulator of autophagy. The mTOR pathway is involved in regulating neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neuronal development and excitability. Exaggerated mTOR activity is associated with the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, genetic and acquired epilepsy, and experimental epilepsy. In particular, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is mainly involved in epileptogenesis. The investigation of autophagy's involvement in epilepsy has recently been conducted, focusing on the critical role of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, in reducing the severity of induced seizures in animal model studies. The induction of autophagy could be an innovative therapeutic strategy in managing epilepsy. Despite the protective role of autophagy against epileptogenesis and epilepsy, its role in status epilepticus (SE) is perplexing and might be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, the present review aims to revise the possible role of autophagy in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran university, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Saud A Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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46
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Kim KM, Son HE, Lim YJ, Jang WG. Topiramate promotes osteogenic differentiation through AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152095. [PMID: 37757516 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Topiramate [2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene) β-D-fructo-pyranose sulfamate; TPM] is one of the most used new-generation antiepileptic drugs. It has been reported to regulate the differentiation of human bone cells. However, the molecular mechanism of TPM in osteoblast differentiation is not fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effect of TPM on osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2, MC3T3-E1, primary mouse calvarial cells, and primary bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Primary cells were isolated from mice calvaria and bone marrow respectively. Expression of the osteogenic gene was determined by RT-PCR. The osteogenic protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining experiment was performed to evaluate ALP activity. Alizarin red s (ARS) staining was performed to measure zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. Treatment of TPM up-regulated the osteogenic genes including distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In addition, TPM also increased the Dlx5 and Runx2 protein levels, Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Furthermore, TPM activated AMPK, and inhibition of AMPK decreased TPM-induced osteogenic differentiation. In the zebrafish model, osteogenic effect of TPM was identified. TPM was increased amputated caudal fin rays of zebrafish. These results demonstrate that TPM enhances osteogenic differentiation via AMPK-mediated Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Pierdomenico M, Cicero AFG, Veronesi M, Fogacci F, Riccioni C, Benassi B. Effect of Citrus bergamia extract on lipid profile: A combined in vitro and human study. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4185-4195. [PMID: 37312672 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of characterising the hypo-lipidemic function of the Brumex™ ingredient obtained from the whole fruit of Citrus bergamia, a combined pre-clinical and clinical study was conducted. In the HepG2 experimental model, we first demonstrated that Brumex™ does not trigger any significant alteration in cell viability over the tested concentration range of 1-2000 μg/mL (4 and 24 h). By stimulating the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at threonine 172, Brumex™ significantly reduces both cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) intracellular content of HepG2 cells and impairs the expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes (namely, SREBF1c, SREBF2, ACACA, SCD1, HMGCR and FASN). In vitro data have been validated in a dedicated double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial performed in 50 healthy moderately hyper-cholesterolemic subjects, undergoing supplementation with either Brumex™ (400 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. Clinical and blood laboratory data were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Brumex™ positively impacted on both plasma lipid pattern and liver enzymes compared with the placebo, mainly in terms of significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gGT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pierdomenico
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Deptartment, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Deptartment, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Deptartment, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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48
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Kwon HJ, Chun SY, Lee EH, Yoon B, Han MH, Chung JW, Ha YS, Lee JN, Kim HT, Kim DH, Kwon TG, Kim BS, Lee SO, Jang BI. Protaetia Brevitarsis-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Reduces Obesity-Related Colitis Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12333. [PMID: 37569708 PMCID: PMC10418620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Obesity is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colitis. The most plausible mechanism linking obesity and colitis is an excessive adipogenesis-related inflammatory response, which causes mucosal dysfunction. Obesity and colitis are linked by several etiologic mechanisms, including excessive adipogenesis, lipotoxicity, pro-inflammatory adipokines/cytokines, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and gut microbiota. These low-grade enteric inflammations cause mucosal layer damage, especially goblet cell dysfunction through mucin 2 (MUC2) misfolding, ultimately leading to colitis. Inhibiting the inflammatory response can be the most effective approach for treating obesity-related colitis. We focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols in Protaectia brevitas larvae. The P. brevitas was prepared as a low molecular protein hydrolysate (PHPB) to increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory molecules. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of PHPB in an obesity-induced colitis mouse model. Compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the group treated with PHPB exhibited reduced body/organ/fat weight, appetite/food intake inhibition, hypolipidemic effect on ectopic fat, and anti-adipogenic mechanism through the AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed attenuated expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, inhibition of pro-inflammatory molecules, stimulation of anti-inflammatory molecules, probiotic-like effect against obesogenic gut microbiota, inhibition of macrophage polarization into M1, suppression of oxidative/ER stress, and reduction of Muc2 protein misfolding in colon. These diverse anti-inflammatory responses caused histological and functional recovery of goblet cells, eventually improving colitis. Therefore, our findings suggest that the protein hydrolysate of Protaetia brevitarsis can improve obesity-related colitis through its anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kwon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyun Yoon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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You YL, Lee JY, Choi HS. S chisandra chinensis-derived gomisin C suppreses lipid accumulation by JAK2-STAT signaling in adipocyte. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1225-1233. [PMID: 37362811 PMCID: PMC10290005 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gomisin C is a lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of gomisin C on lipid accumulation in adipocytes and its underlying mechanism. Gomisin C effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenic factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. Gomisin C-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation occurred in the early adipogenic stage; C/EBPβ was downregulated by 55%, while KLF2 was upregulated by 1.5-fold. Gomisin C significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species but upregulated antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, SOD1, and Gpx at the mRNA level. Gomisin C regulated NRF2-KEAP1 pathway by increasing NRF2 and decreasing KEAP1, in protein abundance. Furthermore, gomisin C suppressed the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway by decreasing phosphorylation. Taken together, gomisin C reduced early adipogenesis and ROS production by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway but activating the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01263-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim You
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
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50
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Dairi G, Al Mahri S, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA, Alswaji AA, Rashid M, Malik SS, Iqbal J, Ali R, Al Ibrahim M, Al-Regaiey K, Mohammad S. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of RBMS1 in Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11300. [PMID: 37511060 PMCID: PMC10379198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play a critical role in maintaining a healthy systemic metabolism by storing and releasing energy in the form of fat and helping to regulate glucose and lipid levels in the body. Adipogenesis is the process through which pre-adipocytes are differentiated into mature adipocytes. It is a complex process involving various transcription factors and signaling pathways. The dysregulation of adipogenesis has been implicated in the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate adipogenesis and the factors that contribute to its dysregulation may provide insights into the prevention and treatment of these conditions. RNA-binding motif single-stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) is a protein that binds to RNA and plays a critical role in various cellular processes such as alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translation. RBMS1 polymorphism has been shown to be associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the role of RBMS1 in adipose metabolism and adipogenesis is not known. We show that RBMS1 is highly expressed during the early phase of the differentiation of the murine adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 and is significantly upregulated in the adipose tissue depots and adipocytes of high-fat-fed mice, implying a possible role in adipogenesis and adipose metabolism. Knockdown of RBMS1 in pre-adipocytes impacted the differentiation process and reduced the expression of some of the key adipogenic markers. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that RBMS1 depletion affected the expression of several genes involved in major metabolic processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Our findings imply that RBMS1 plays an important role in adipocyte metabolism and may offer novel therapeutic opportunity for metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghida Dairi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alswaji
- Infectious Disease Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Al Ibrahim
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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