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Liu R, Li Z, Zhang Y, Du M, Wang X, Zhang S, Li C. Association of Serum Uric Acid with Indices of Insulin Resistance: Proposal of a New Model with Reference to Gender Differences. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3783-3793. [PMID: 39430137 PMCID: PMC11491090 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s481233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a key feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have linked elevated serum uric acid (SUA) to an increased risk of T2D. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SUA and IR. At the same time, the correlation between New model and SUA compared with other IR alternatives was compared, so as to provide a simple and effective new indicator for early detection and prediction of IR risk and early prevention of T2D. Methods The first cohort was the Discovery Cohort, which included 318 obese patients. And the second cohort was the Verification Cohort, which included a total of 4333 subjects who underwent a routine health checkup at our hospital. Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to discuss the correlation between SUA and IR. Results Regardless of sex, fasting insulin (FINS) and IR replacement markers increased with SUA (P<0.001). In both cohorts, SUA was associated with IR alternatives, especially with New model, and differed between men and women in all correlation analyses. After adjusting for confounding factors, SUA was still associated with IR (P<0.001). Conclusion The correlation between SUA and IR was significantly stronger in women than in men. And the correlation between SUA and New model is stronger than other IR replacement models. However, the causal relationship between SUA and IR has not been clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjiao Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhouhuiling Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyang Du
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjun Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Amo-Aparicio J, Dinarello CA, Lopez-Vales R. Metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system: the crossover between inflammation and metabolism. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2189-2201. [PMID: 38488552 PMCID: PMC11034585 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy (catabolism) or used to build macromolecules (anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruben Lopez-Vales
- Institute of Neurosciences, and Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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3
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Wu J, Tian Z, Wang B, Liu J, Bi R, Zhan N, Song D, He C, Zhao W. Exploring resveratrol against Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease through integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation strategy in vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37908. [PMID: 39328512 PMCID: PMC11425098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to investigate the pharmacological basis and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) through the approach of treating different diseases with the same method, guided by traditional Chinese medicine theory. Utilizing network pharmacology and bioinformatics methods, this research aims to provide modern medical evidence for the theory of treating different diseases with the same method in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Omnibus from Swiss Target Prediction, TCMSP, SuperPred, SEA, HIT, CTD, TCMIP and Gene Expression Disease datasets for resveratrol related genes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease were obtained from the GEO database. Core targets were identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO). The expression of core targets was verified in AD and PD cell models. The immune characteristics of AD and PD were analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, the potential mechanism of resveratrol intervention on the core target was studied by molecular docking technique. Results The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that resveratrol acted on 85 common targets such as STAT3 and CASP3, affected AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and showed the effect of "same disease and different treatment" for AD and PD. Three core targets associated with AD and PD (PLK4, FCGRT, and PRKAR2A) were finally identified through comprehensive transcriptome analysis, and experimentally verified in cell models of AD and PD. At the same time, the analysis of immune cell infiltration suggested that AD and PD had dysregulation of inflammation, and the core target was significantly related to M2 macrophages. Conclusion Resveratrol may play a potential mechanism of "treating the same disease with different diseases" and target three core targets (PLK4, FCGRT and PRKAR2A) to improve the disease process of AD and PD by participating in the regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways. These findings have potential implications for clinical practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpu Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ziyue Tian
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311 China
| | - Boxue Wang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Naixin Zhan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Daixuan Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130021, China
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4
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Chen P, Liang L, Dai Y, Hui S. The role and mechanism of dapagliflozin in Alzheimer disease: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39687. [PMID: 39331931 PMCID: PMC11441869 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), as the main type of dementia, is primarily characterized by cognitive dysfunction across multiple domains. Current drugs for AD have not achieved the desired clinical efficacy due to potential risks, inapplicability, high costs, significant side effects, and poor patient compliance. However, recent findings offer new hope by suggesting that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) may possess neuroprotective properties, potentially opening up novel avenues for the treatment of AD. This review delves deeply into the multifaceted mechanisms of action of SGLT-2i in AD, encompassing antioxidative stress, antineuroinflammation, upregulation of autophagy, antiapoptosis, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity, and protection of endothelial cells against atherosclerosis and damage to the blood-brain barrier, among others. Furthermore, it provides an overview of recent advances in clinical research on this drug. These findings suggest that SGLT-2i is poised to emerge as a pivotal candidate for the treatment of AD, given its diverse functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Hunan Normal University First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
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Wu M, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Han W, Jiang H, Bi C, Zhang Z, Ye M, Lin X, Liu Z. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy of bile acids in Alzheimer's disease from the emerging perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117228. [PMID: 39088965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β outside neurons and Tau protein inside neurons. Various pathological mechanisms are implicated in AD, including brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and endocrinal dysregulation of adrenal corticosteroids. These factors collectively contribute to neuronal damage and destruction. Recently, bile acids (BAs), which are metabolites of cholesterol, have shown neuroprotective potential against AD by targeting the above pathological changes. BAs can enter the systematic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier, subsequently exerting neuroprotective effects by targeting several endogenous receptors. Additionally, BAs interact with the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis to improve immune and neuroendocrine function during AD episodes. Gut microbes impact BA signaling in the brain through their involvement in BA biotransformation. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of BAs in AD while considering the MGB axis and propose novel strategies for preventing the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqi Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Nicosia N, Kwiecień I, Bednarski M, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Mika K, Hambaryan R, Miller A, Alesci A, Lauriano ER, Zammit P, Ragusa S, Trojan E, Fumia A, Sapa J, Miceli N, Kotańska M. Anti-diabetes and neuroprotection potential and primary safety studies of Isatis tinctoria L. hydroalcoholic leaf extract. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106138. [PMID: 39053741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural plant raw materials, previously underestimated in therapeutics, are becoming the subject of research for new applications in medicine. In our research, the hydroalcoholic extract of Isatis tinctoria leaf, rich in flavonoid compounds such as vicenin-2 and quercetin, was examined as a potential antidiabetic and neuroprotective agent. METHODS The effect of the extract and its main flavonoid compounds on protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity was tested. In vitro, in the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line and in vivo, using a mouse model, the safety of the extract was screened for. RESULTS Our experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and β-amyloid aggregation by the extract, in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract had a strong reducing effect and did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract to mice did not have negative effects on body mass, locomotor activity, coordination, and liver cell integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our research sheds new light on this raw material and deepens knowledge of its activity. This may result in the recognition of its therapeutic effects and even in its introduction in the modern treatment of diseases characterized by pathological changes associated with hyperglycemia, oxidation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Medicinal Plant and Mushroom Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Rimma Hambaryan
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia R Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paula Zammit
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- PLANTA/Autonomous Center for Research, Documentation and Training, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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Kerr NR, Mossman CW, Chou CH, Bunten JM, Kelty TJ, Childs TE, Rector RS, Arnold WD, Grisanti LA, Du X, Booth FW. Hindlimb immobilization induces insulin resistance and elevates mitochondrial ROS production in the hippocampus of female rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:512-526. [PMID: 38961821 PMCID: PMC11424180 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00234.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and treatment options are severely lacking. Recent findings demonstrate a strong relationship between skeletal muscle and cognitive function, with evidence supporting that muscle quality and cognitive function are positively correlated in older adults. Conversely, decreased muscle function is associated with a threefold increased risk of cognitive decline. Based on these observations, the purpose of this study was to investigate the negative effects of muscle disuse [via a model of hindlimb immobilization (HLI)] on hippocampal insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function and identify the potential mechanisms involved. HLI for 10 days in 4-mo-old female Wistar rats resulted in the following novel findings: 1) hippocampal insulin resistance and deficits in whole body glucose homeostasis, 2) dramatically increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hippocampus, 3) elevated markers for amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein in the hippocampus, 4) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. These findings were associated with global changes in iron homeostasis, with muscle disuse producing muscle iron accumulation in association with decreased serum and whole brain iron levels. We report the novel finding that muscle disuse alters brain iron homeostasis and reveal a strong negative correlation between muscle and brain iron content. Overall, HLI-induced muscle disuse has robust negative effects on hippocampal insulin sensitivity and ROS production in association with altered brain iron homeostasis. This work provides potential novel mechanisms that may help explain how loss of muscle function contributes to cognitive decline and AD risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle disuse via hindlimb immobilization increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the hippocampus. These findings were in association with muscle iron overload in connection with iron dysregulation in the brain. Overall, our work identifies muscle disuse as a contributor to hippocampal dysfunction, potentially through an iron-based muscle-brain axis, highlighting iron dysregulation as a potential novel mechanism in the relationship between muscle health, cognitive function, and Alzheimer's disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Kerr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Chandler W Mossman
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Joshua M Bunten
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Taylor J Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thomas E Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Randy Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - William David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Xiangwei Du
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Yang S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Li Y, Du Y, Yu P. Tirzepatide shows neuroprotective effects via regulating brain glucose metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. Peptides 2024; 179:171271. [PMID: 39002758 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Tirzepatide (LY3298176), a GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, is fatty-acid-modified and 39-amino acid linear peptide, which ameliorates learning and memory impairment in diabetic rats. However, the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of tirzepatide in the neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. Tirzepatide was administrated intraperitoneal (i.p.) APP/PS1 mice for 8 weeks with at 10 nmol/kg once-weekly, it significantly decreased the levels of GLP-1R, and GFAP protein expression and amyloid plaques in the cortex, it also lowered neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid-β (Aβ), but did not affect the anxiety and cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, tirzepatide reduced the blood glucose levels and increased the mRNA expression of GLP-1R, SACF1, ATF4, Glu2A, and Glu2B in the hypothalamus of APP/PS1 mice. Tirzepatide increased the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 1, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphofructokinase in the cortex. Lastly, tirzepatide improved the energetic metabolism by regulated reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential caused by Aβ, thereby decreasing mitochondrial function and ATP levels in astrocytes through GLP-1R. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function of tirzepatide, presenting potential strategies for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yaqin Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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Chauhan A, Dubey S, Jain S. Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Common Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4111. [PMID: 39228117 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rates are rising, mirroring the global trend of an aging population. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that those with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased risk of developing dementia. These degenerative and progressive diseases share some risk factors. To a large extent, the amyloid cascade is responsible for AD development. Neurofibrillary tangles induce neurodegeneration and brain atrophy; this chain reaction begins with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins caused by progressive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. In addition to these processes, it seems that alterations in brain glucose metabolism and insulin signalling lead to cell death and reduced synaptic plasticity in AD, before the onset of symptoms, which may be years away. Due to the substantial evidence linking insulin resistance in the brain with AD, researchers have coined the name "Type 3 diabetes" to characterize the condition. We still know little about the processes involved, even though current animal models have helped illuminate the links between T2DM and AD. This brief overview discusses insulin and IGF-1 signalling disorders and the primary molecular pathways that may connect them. The presence of GSK-3β in AD is intriguing. These proteins' association with T2DM and pancreatic β-cell failure suggests they might be therapeutic targets for both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sachin Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
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10
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Doroszkiewicz J, Mroczko J, Winkel I, Mroczko B. Metabolic and Immune System Dysregulation: Unraveling the Connections between Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5057. [PMID: 39274269 PMCID: PMC11396443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes mellitus (DM), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic conditions affecting millions globally. Despite differing clinical symptoms, these diseases share pathophysiological mechanisms involving metabolic and immune system dysregulation. This paper examines the intricate connections between these disorders, focusing on shared pathways such as insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysregulation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. An important aspect is the role of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, which are hallmark features of AD. These protein aggregates are influenced by metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory processes similar to those seen in DM, RA, and IBD. This manuscript explores how amyloid and tau pathologies may be exacerbated by shared metabolic and immune dysfunction. Additionally, this work discusses the gut-brain axis and the influence of gut microbiota in mediating disease interactions. Understanding these commonalities opens new avenues for multi-targeted therapeutic approaches that address the root causes rather than merely the symptoms of these conditions. This integrative perspective could lead to more effective interventions and improved patient outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a unified approach in managing these interconnected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Scinawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Zhang Y, Bi K, Zhou L, Wang J, Huang L, Sun Y, Peng G, Wu W. Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:85-102. [PMID: 39100640 PMCID: PMC11297492 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s471174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagnosis. The advent of ultra-sensitive detection methodologies, including single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, has revolutionized the detection of AD plasma biomarkers, supplanting previous low-sensitivity techniques. This rapid advancement in detection technology facilitates the more accurate quantification of pathological brain proteins and AD-associated biomarkers in the bloodstream. This manuscript meticulously reviews the landscape of current research on immunological markers for AD, anchored in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association AT(N) research framework. It highlights a selection of forefront ultra-sensitive detection technologies now integral to assessing AD blood immunological markers. Additionally, this review examines the crucial pre-analytical processing steps for AD blood samples that significantly impact research outcomes and addresses the practical challenges faced during clinical testing. These discussions are crucial for enhancing our comprehension and refining the diagnostic precision of AD using blood-based biomarkers. The review aims to shed light on potential avenues for innovation and improvement in the techniques employed for detecting and investigating AD, thereby contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Singh MK, Shin Y, Ju S, Han S, Kim SS, Kang I. Comprehensive Overview of Alzheimer's Disease: Etiological Insights and Degradation Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6901. [PMID: 39000011 PMCID: PMC11241648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects millions of individuals globally. AD is associated with cognitive decline and memory loss that worsens with aging. A statistical report using U.S. data on AD estimates that approximately 6.9 million individuals suffer from AD, a number projected to surge to 13.8 million by 2060. Thus, there is a critical imperative to pinpoint and address AD and its hallmark tau protein aggregation early to prevent and manage its debilitating effects. Amyloid-β and tau proteins are primarily associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibril tangles in the brain. Current research efforts focus on degrading amyloid-β and tau or inhibiting their synthesis, particularly targeting APP processing and tau hyperphosphorylation, aiming to develop effective clinical interventions. However, navigating this intricate landscape requires ongoing studies and clinical trials to develop treatments that truly make a difference. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) across various cohorts identified 40 loci and over 300 genes associated with AD. Despite this wealth of genetic data, much remains to be understood about the functions of these genes and their role in the disease process, prompting continued investigation. By delving deeper into these genetic associations, novel targets such as kinases, proteases, cytokines, and degradation pathways, offer new directions for drug discovery and therapeutic intervention in AD. This review delves into the intricate biological pathways disrupted in AD and identifies how genetic variations within these pathways could serve as potential targets for drug discovery and treatment strategies. Through a comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AD, researchers aim to pave the way for more effective therapies that can alleviate the burden of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yadikar H, Ansari MA, Abu-Farha M, Joseph S, Thomas BT, Al-Mulla F. Deciphering Early and Progressive Molecular Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease through Integrated Longitudinal Proteomic and Pathway Analysis in a Rodent Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6469. [PMID: 38928172 PMCID: PMC11203991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide, remains a challenge due to its complex origin and degenerative character. The need for accurate biomarkers and treatment targets hinders early identification and intervention. To fill this gap, we used a novel longitudinal proteome methodology to examine the temporal development of molecular alterations in the cortex of an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced AD mouse model for disease initiation and progression at one, three-, and six-weeks post-treatment. Week 1 revealed metabolic protein downregulation, such as Aldoa and Pgk1. Week 3 showed increased Synapsin-1, and week 6 showed cytoskeletal protein alterations like Vimentin. The biological pathways, upstream regulators, and functional effects of proteome alterations were dissected using advanced bioinformatics methods, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and machine learning algorithms. We identified Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Synaptic Vesicle Pathway, and Neuroinflammation Signaling as disease-causing pathways. Huntington's Disease Signaling and Synaptogenesis Signaling were stimulated while Glutamate Receptor and Calcium Signaling were repressed. IPA also found molecular connections between PPARGC1B and AGT, which are involved in myelination and possible neoplastic processes, and MTOR and AR, which imply mechanistic involvements beyond neurodegeneration. These results help us comprehend AD's molecular foundation and demonstrate the promise of focused proteomic techniques to uncover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD, enabling personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Sabah AlSalem University City, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shibu Joseph
- Department of Special Service Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Betty T. Thomas
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
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14
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Li Y, Munoz-Mayorga D, Nie Y, Kang N, Tao Y, Lagerwall J, Pernaci C, Curtin G, Coufal NG, Mertens J, Shi L, Chen X. Microglial lipid droplet accumulation in tauopathy brain is regulated by neuronal AMPK. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1351-1370.e8. [PMID: 38657612 PMCID: PMC11153007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in aging and Alzheimer's disease brains is considered a pathological phenomenon with unresolved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Utilizing stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, we observed significant in situ LD accumulation in microglia of tauopathy mouse brains. SRS imaging, combined with deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling, revealed heightened lipogenesis and impaired lipid turnover within LDs in tauopathy fly brains and human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Transfer of unsaturated lipids from tauopathy iPSC neurons to microglia induced LD accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired phagocytosis. Neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits lipogenesis and promotes lipophagy in neurons, thereby reducing lipid flux to microglia. AMPK depletion in prodromal tauopathy mice increased LD accumulation, exacerbated pro-inflammatory microgliosis, and promoted neuropathology. Our findings provide direct evidence of native, aberrant LD accumulation in tauopathy brains and underscore the critical role of AMPK in regulating brain lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Munoz-Mayorga
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuhang Nie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ningxin Kang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuren Tao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Lagerwall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carla Pernaci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Curtin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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15
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Reich N, Parkin E, Dawson N. Liposome nanoparticle conjugation and cell penetrating peptide sequences (CPPs) enhance the cellular delivery of the tau aggregation inhibitor RI-AG03. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18477. [PMID: 38853458 PMCID: PMC11163028 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the pathological role of Tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), our laboratory previously developed the novel Tau aggregation inhibitor peptide, RI-AG03. As Tau aggregates accumulate intracellularly, it is essential that the peptide can traverse the cell membrane. Here we examine the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of RI-AG03, in both a free and liposome-conjugated form. We also characterize the impact of adding the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) sequences, polyarginine (polyR) or transactivator of transcription (TAT), to RI-AG03. Our data show that liposome conjugation of CPP containing RI-AG03 peptides, with either the polyR or TAT sequence, increased cellular liposome association three-fold. Inhibition of macropinocytosis modestly reduced the uptake of unconjugated and RI-AG03-polyR-linked liposomes, while having no effect on RI-AG03-TAT-conjugated liposome uptake. Further supporting macropinocytosis-mediated internalization, a 'fair' co-localisation of the free and liposome-conjugated RI-AG03-polyR peptide with macropinosomes and lysosomes was observed. Interestingly, we also demonstrate that RI-AG03-polyR detaches from liposomes following cellular uptake, thereby largely evading organellar entrapment. Collectively, our data indicate that direct membrane penetration and macropinocytosis are key routes for the internalization of liposomes conjugated with CPP containing RI-AG03. Our study also demonstrates that peptide-liposomes are suitable nanocarriers for the cellular delivery of RI-AG03, furthering their potential use in targeting Tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Edward Parkin
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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16
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Hernandez AR, Parker E, Babar M, Banerjee A, Ding S, Simley A, Buford TW. Microbiome-driven alterations in metabolic pathways and impaired cognition in aged female TgF344-AD rats. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100119. [PMID: 38881651 PMCID: PMC11179252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) not only affects cognition and neuropathology, but several other facets capable of negatively impacting quality of life and potentially driving impairments, including altered gut microbiome (GMB) composition and metabolism. Aged (20 + mo) female TgF344-AD and wildtype rats were cognitively characterized on several tasks incorporating several cognitive domains, including task acquisition, object recognition memory, anxiety-like behaviors, and spatial navigation. Additionally, metabolic phenotyping, GMB sequencing throughout the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and feces), neuropathological burden assessment and marker gene functional abundance predictions (PICRUSt2) were conducted. TgF344-AD rats demonstrated significant cognitive impairment in multiple domains, as well as regionally specific GMB dysbiosis. Relationships between peripheral factors were investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), revealing correlations between GMB changes and both cognitive and metabolic factors. Moreover, communities of gut microbes contributing to essential metabolic pathways were significantly altered in TgF344-AD rats. These data indicate dysbiosis may affect cognitive outcomes in AD through alterations in metabolism-related enzymatic pathways that are necessary for proper brain function. Moreover, these changes were mostly observed in intestinal segments required for carbohydrate digestion, not fecal samples. These data support the targeting of intestinal and microbiome health for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Erik Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Maham Babar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Sarah Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Alexis Simley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA GRECC, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35244, USA
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17
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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Reich N, Hölscher C. Cholecystokinin (CCK): a neuromodulator with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101122. [PMID: 38346453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide modulating digestion, glucose levels, neurotransmitters and memory. Recent studies suggest that CCK exhibits neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, we review the physiological function and therapeutic potential of CCK. The neuropeptide facilitates hippocampal glutamate release and gates GABAergic basket cell activity, which improves declarative memory acquisition, but inhibits consolidation. Cortical CCK alters recognition memory and enhances audio-visual processing. By stimulating CCK-1 receptors (CCK-1Rs), sulphated CCK-8 elicits dopamine release in the substantia nigra and striatum. In the mesolimbic pathway, CCK release is triggered by dopamine and terminates reward responses via CCK-2Rs. Importantly, activation of hippocampal and nigral CCK-2Rs is neuroprotective by evoking AMPK activation, expression of mitochondrial fusion modulators and autophagy. Other benefits include vagus nerve/CCK-1R-mediated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, intestinal protection and suppression of inflammation. We also discuss caveats and the therapeutic combination of CCK with other peptide hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second associated Hospital, Neurology Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Neurodegeneration research group, Xinzhen, Henan province, China
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19
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Pinheiro FI, Araújo-Filho I, do Rego ACM, de Azevedo EP, Cobucci RN, Guzen FP. Hepatopancreatic metabolic disorders and their implications in the development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102250. [PMID: 38417711 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Dementia has been faced with significant public health challenges and economic burdens that urges the need to develop safe and effective interventions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the relationship between dementia and liver and pancreatic metabolic disorders that result in diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Previous reports have shown that there is a plausible correlation between pathologies caused by hepatopancreatic dysfunctions and dementia. Glucose, insulin and IGF-1 metabolized in the liver and pancreas probably have an important influence on the pathophysiology of the most common dementias: Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. This current review highlights recent studies aimed at identifying convergent mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and other diseases, linked to altered hepatic and pancreatic metabolism, which are capable of causing brain changes that ultimately lead to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Irami Araújo-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amália C M do Rego
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Eduardo P de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Cobucci
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Applied to Women`s Health, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto P Guzen
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil.
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20
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Zhai L, Yang Y, Zhang J, Hou W, Yang Y, Ding D, Li C, Zhu Y. Association between cognitive dysfunction and diabetes in patients over 65 years old: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm18372. [PMID: 38380813 PMCID: PMC10896218 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.18372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly population, and examine the impact of cognitive dysfunction on level of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with diabetes. METHODS Data analysis was conducted on 2,951 individuals aged over 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey cohort. Propensity score matching was utilized to mitigate selection bias. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to analyse the association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction in the study subjects. In addition, the relationship between ADL and cognitive function in patients with diabetes was analysed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS A significant association (p = 0.017) was found between diabetes and the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Subgroup analyses revealed that diabetes patients with cognitive dysfunction exhibited a worse ADL dependence compared with those without cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Meanwhile, there is an association between cognitive impairment and ADL level in subjects with diabetes. As such, healthcare professionals should pay close attention to the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction and ADL decline during diagnosis and treatment, and proactive prevention and intervention strategies should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yao Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiqian Hou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongfang Ding
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Conghui Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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21
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Andrade LJDO, de Oliveira LM, Bittencourt AMV, Lourenço LGDC, de Oliveira GCM. Brain insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2024; 18:e20230032. [PMID: 38425702 PMCID: PMC10901561 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The disability of cells to react to insulin, causing glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia, is referred to as insulin resistance. This clinical condition, which has been well-researched in organs such as adipose tissue, muscle, and liver, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) when it occurs in the brain. Objective The authors aimed to gather data from the current literature on brain insulin resistance (BIR) and its likely repercussions on neurodegenerative disorders, more specifically AD, through a systematic review. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple medical databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), and PubMed®, employing the descriptors: "insulin resistance", "brain insulin resistance", "Alzheimer's disease", "neurodegeneration", and "cognition". The authors focused their search on English-language studies published between 2000 and 2023 that investigated the influence of BIR on neurodegenerative disorders or offered insights into BIR's underlying mechanisms. Seventeen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results The results indicate that BIR is a phenomenon observed in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Studies suggest that impaired glucose utilization and uptake, reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and synaptic plasticity changes caused by BIR are linked to cognitive problems. However, conflicting results were observed regarding the association between AD and BIR, with some studies suggesting no association. Conclusion Based on the evaluated studies, it can be concluded that the association between AD and BIR remains inconclusive, and additional research is needed to elucidate this relationship.
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22
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Wang K, Zhao S, Lee EKP, Yau SZM, Wu Y, Hung CT, Yeoh EK. Risk of Dementia Among Patients With Diabetes in a Multidisciplinary, Primary Care Management Program. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2355733. [PMID: 38345817 PMCID: PMC10862158 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Although poorly controlled diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of dementia, few studies have examined the association of diabetes management interventions with dementia incidence. Objective To examine the association of receiving a multidisciplinary diabetes management program (the Risk Assessment and Management Program-Diabetes Mellitus [RAMP-DM]) that enables better glycemic control with subsequent risk of dementia incidence and the association of dementia with glycemic control. Design, Setting, and Participants This territory-wide, retrospective, matched cohort study with more than 8 years of follow-up was conducted using electronic health care records from all the patients who used public health care services in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2019. Eligible participants included all patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were managed in primary care settings. Patients who received RAMP-DM were matched in a 1:1 ratio with patients who received usual care only. Data analysis occurred from April 2023 to July 2023. Exposures Diagnosis of T2D, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level, and attendance at a general outpatient clinic or family medicine clinic. Patients received either RAMP-DM or usual care. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of all-cause dementia and subtypes of dementia were compared between the RAMP-DM and usual care participants using a Cox proportional hazard model with other baseline characteristics, biomarkers, and medication history adjusted. HbA1C levels were measured as a secondary outcome. Results Among the 55 618 matched participants (mean [SD] age, 62.28 [11.90] years; 28 561 female [51.4%]; 27 057 male [48.6%]), including the 27 809 patients in the RAMP-DM group and 27 809 patients in the usual care group, patients had been diagnosed with T2D for a mean (SD) of 5.90 (4.20) years. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 8.4 (6.8-8.8) years, 1938 patients in the RAMP-DM group (6.97%) and 2728 patients in the usual care group (9.81%) received a diagnosis of dementia. Compared with those receiving usual care, RAMP-DM participants had a lower risk of developing all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.68-0.77; P < .001), Alzheimer disease (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96; P = .009), vascular dementia (aHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51-0.73; P < .001), and other or unspecified dementia (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66-0.77; P < .001). Compared with having a mean HbA1C level during the first 3 years after cohort entry between 6.5% and 7.5%, a higher risk of dementia incidence was detected for patients with a 3-year mean HbA1C level greater than 8.5% (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.31-1.80]), between 7.5% and 8.5% (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.48), between 6% and 6.5% (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29), and 6% or less (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.24-1.57). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with T2D, the findings strengthened evidence of an association of glycemic control with dementia incidence, and revealed that a multidisciplinary primary care diabetes management program was associated with beneficial outcomes for T2D patients against dementia and its major subtypes. A moderate glycemic control target of HbA1C between 6.5% and 7.5% was associated with lower dementia incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Wang
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Kam-Pui Lee
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan Zi-May Yau
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Tim Hung
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Li W, Zhang M, Huang R, Hu J, Wang L, Ye G, Meng H, Lin X, Liu J, Li B, Zhang Y, Li Y. Topographic metabolism-function relationships in Alzheimer's disease: A simultaneous PET/MRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26604. [PMID: 38339890 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of neural metabolism and function occur in parallel during Alzheimer's disease (AD). While many studies have shown diverse metabolic-functional relationships in specific brain regions, much less is known about how large-scale network-level functional activity is associated with the topology of metabolism in AD. In this study, we took the advantages of simultaneous PET/MRI and multivariate analyses to investigate the associations between AD-related stereotypical spatial patterns (topographies) of glucose metabolism, measured by fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and functional connectivity, measured by resting-state functional MRI. A total of 101 participants, including 37 patients with AD, 25 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 39 cognitively normal controls, underwent PET/MRI scans and cognitive assessments. Three pairs of distinct but optimally correlated metabolic and functional topographies were identified, encompassing large-scale networks including the default-mode, executive and control, salience, attention, and subcortical networks. Importantly, the metabolic-functional associations were not only limited to one-to-one-corresponding regions, but also occur in remote and non-overlapping regions. Furthermore, both glucose metabolism and functional connectivity, as well as their linkages, exhibited various degrees of disruptions in patients with MCI and AD, and were correlated with cognitive decline. In conclusion, our results support distributed and heterogeneous topographic associations between metabolism and function, which are jeopardized by AD. Findings of this study may deepen our understanding of the pathological mechanism of AD through the perspectives of both local energy efficiency and long-term interactions between synaptic disruption and functional disconnection contributing to the clinical symptomatology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruodong Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Ye
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Ruijin Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abosharaf HA, Elsonbaty Y, Tousson E, M Mohamed T. Alzheimer's disease-related brain insulin resistance and the prospective therapeutic impact of metformin. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13356. [PMID: 37985011 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has coexisted. Uncertainty remains on whether T2DM and AD are parallel illnesses with the same origin or separate illnesses linked through violent pathways. The current study was aimed at testing whether the insulin resistance in the brain results in AD symptoms or not. Insulin resistance was induced in the brains of rats using a single intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) dose. We then measured glucose, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, and tau phosphorylation in the brain to look for signs of insulin resistance and AD. The results of this study indicated that a single dose of STZ was able to induce insulin resistance in the brain and significantly decline IRS-2. This resistance was accompanied by obvious memory loss, Aβ deposition, and tau phosphorylation, further visible diminishing in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased due to the antioxidant system being compromised. Interestingly, the pancreas injury and peripheral insulin resistance coexisted with brain insulin resistance. Indeed, the antidiabetic metformin was able to enhance all these drastic effects. In conclusion, brain insulin resistance could lead to AD and vice versa. These are highly linked syndromes that could influence peripheral organs. Further studies are required to stabilize this putative pathobiology relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Elsonbaty
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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26
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Birajdar SV, Mazahir F, Alam MI, Kumar A, Yadav AK. Repurposing and clinical attributes of antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176117. [PMID: 37907134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The risk of neurodegeneration was found to be increased among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others are considered neurodegenerative diseases and can be characterized by progressive loss of neurons. The deficiency of insulin, impaired signaling, and its resistance lead to alteration in the neuronal functioning of the brain. Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) plays a significant role in the amyloid β metabolism, aggregation, and deposition of misfolded proteins in the brain's hippocampal and cortical neuronal regions. The insulin signaling via IP3 activation upregulates the IDE and could be a promising approach to regulate neurodegeneration. The repurposing of existing antidiabetic drugs such as Metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1), sodium-glucose co-transport-2 (SGCT-2) inhibitors, and insulin could be an alternative and effective strategy to treat neurodegeneration via modulating insulin signaling, insulin resistance, IDE activity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, serum lipid profile and neuroinflammation in the brain. Antidiabetic medications reduce the risk of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and Aβ deposition by enhancing their clearance rate. The downregulation of IDE alters the degradation of Aβ monomers in the Tg2576 APP mice. Also, the treatment with metformin activated the AMPK pathway and suppressed mTOR and BACE-1 protein expression in the APP/PS1-induced mice model. Thus, the primary intention of this review is to explore the link between T2DM and neurodegenerative disorders, and the possible role of various antidiabetic drugs in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Vasant Birajdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Isop LM, Neculau AE, Necula RD, Kakucs C, Moga MA, Dima L. Metformin: The Winding Path from Understanding Its Molecular Mechanisms to Proving Therapeutic Benefits in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1714. [PMID: 38139841 PMCID: PMC10748332 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, has garnered increasing attention for its potential neuroprotective properties due to the growing demand for treatments for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron diseases. This review synthesizes experimental and clinical studies on metformin's mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative disorders. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library, focused on key phrases such as "metformin", "neuroprotection", and "neurodegenerative diseases", with data up to September 2023. Recent research on metformin's glucoregulatory mechanisms reveals new molecular targets, including the activation of the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, which is crucial for chronic administration of metformin. The pleiotropic impact may involve other stress kinases that are acutely activated. The precise role of respiratory chain complexes (I and IV), of the mitochondrial targets, or of the lysosomes in metformin effects remains to be established by further research. Research on extrahepatic targets like the gut and microbiota, as well as its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, is crucial for understanding neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental data on animal models shows promising results, but clinical studies are inconclusive. Understanding the molecular targets and mechanisms of its effects could help design clinical trials to explore and, hopefully, prove its therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mihaela Isop
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
| | - Radu Dan Necula
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Cristian Kakucs
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
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28
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Xie H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Sun Q, Li ZY, Ni MH, Li SN, Dai P, Cui YY, Cao XY, Jiang N, Du LJ, Gao W, Bi JJ, Yan LF, Cui GB. Commonalities and distinctions between the type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1301778. [PMID: 38125399 PMCID: PMC10731270 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1301778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are aging related diseases with high incidence. Because of the correlation of incidence rate and some possible mechanisms of comorbidity, the two diseases have been studied in combination by many researchers, and even some scholars call AD type 3 diabetes. But the relationship between the two is still controversial. Methods This study used seed-based d mapping software to conduct a meta-analysis of the whole brain resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study, exploring the differences in amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) between patients (AD or T2DM) and healthy controls (HCs), and searching for neuroimaging evidence that can explain the relationship between the two diseases. Results The final study included 22 datasets of ALFF and 22 datasets of CBF. The results of T2DM group showed that ALFF increased in both cerebellum and left inferior temporal gyrus regions, but decreased in left middle occipital gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left anterior central gyrus regions. In the T2DM group, CBF increased in the right supplementary motor area, while decreased in the middle occipital gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. The results of the AD group showed that the ALFF increased in the right cerebellum, right hippocampus, and right striatum, while decreased in the precuneus gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. In the AD group, CBF in the anterior precuneus gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus decreased. Multimodal analysis within a disease showed that ALFF and CBF both decreased in the occipital lobe of the T2DM group and in the precuneus and parietal lobe of the AD group. In addition, there was a common decrease of CBF in the right middle occipital gyrus in both groups. Conclusion Based on neuroimaging evidence, we believe that T2DM and AD are two diseases with their respective characteristics of central nervous activity and cerebral perfusion. The changes in CBF between the two diseases partially overlap, which is consistent with their respective clinical characteristics and also indicates a close relationship between them. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [CRD42022370014].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Hua Ni
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Ning Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Dai
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Medical School of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Jun Bi
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Carr ST, Saito ER, Walton CM, Saito JY, Hanegan CM, Warren CE, Trumbull AM, Bikman BT. Ceramides Mediate Insulin-Induced Impairments in Cerebral Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in ApoE4 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16635. [PMID: 38068958 PMCID: PMC10706658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease worldwide. A large body of work implicates insulin resistance in the development and progression of AD. Moreover, impairment in mitochondrial function, a common symptom of insulin resistance, now represents a fundamental aspect of AD pathobiology. Ceramides are a class of bioactive sphingolipids that have been hypothesized to drive insulin resistance. Here, we describe preliminary work that tests the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia pathologically alters cerebral mitochondrial function in AD mice via accrual of the ceramides. Homozygous male and female ApoE4 mice, an oft-used model of AD research, were given chronic injections of PBS (control), insulin, myriocin (an inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis), or insulin and myriocin over four weeks. Cerebral ceramide content was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were measured with high-resolution respirometry, and H2O2 emissions were quantified via biochemical assays on brain tissue from the cerebral cortex. Significant increases in brain ceramides and impairments in brain oxygen consumption were observed in the insulin-treated group. These hyperinsulinemia-induced impairments in mitochondrial function were reversed with the administration of myriocin. Altogether, these data demonstrate a causative role for insulin in promoting brain ceramide accrual and subsequent mitochondrial impairments that may be involved in AD expression and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.T.C.); (E.R.S.); (C.M.W.); (A.M.T.)
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Chen KS, Noureldein MH, Rigan DM, Hayes JM, Savelieff MG, Feldman EL. Regional interneuron transcriptional changes reveal pathologic markers of disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565165. [PMID: 37961679 PMCID: PMC10635060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and leading cause of dementia, characterized by neuronal and synapse loss, amyloid-β and tau protein aggregates, and a multifactorial pathology involving neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and disrupted metabolism. Additionally, there is growing evidence of imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition in the AD brain secondary to dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV)- and somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons, which differentially modulate neuronal activity. Importantly, impaired interneuron activity in AD may occur upstream of amyloid-β pathology rendering it a potential therapeutic target. To determine the underlying pathologic processes involved in interneuron dysfunction, we spatially profiled the brain transcriptome of the 5XFAD AD mouse model versus controls, across four brain regions, dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1 and CA3, and cortex, at early-stage (12 weeks-of-age) and late-stage (30 weeks-of-age) disease. Global comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) followed by enrichment analysis of 5XFAD versus control highlighted various biological pathways related to RNA and protein processing, transport, and clearance in early-stage disease and neurodegeneration pathways at late-stage disease. Early-stage DEGs examination found shared, e.g ., RNA and protein biology, and distinct, e.g ., N-glycan biosynthesis, pathways enriched in PV-versus somatostatin SST-positive interneurons and in excitatory neurons, which expressed neurodegenerative and axon- and synapse-related pathways. At late-stage disease, PV-positive interneurons featured cancer and cancer signaling pathways along with neuronal and synapse pathways, whereas SST-positive interneurons showcased glycan biosynthesis and various infection pathways. Late-state excitatory neurons were primarily characterized by neurodegenerative pathways. These fine-grained transcriptomic profiles for PV- and SST-positive interneurons in a time- and spatial-dependent manner offer new insight into potential AD pathophysiology and therapeutic targets.
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Kim B, Kang Y, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Savelieff MG, Nagrath S, Feldman EL. Palmitate and glucose increase amyloid precursor protein in extracellular vesicles: Missing link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12340. [PMID: 37898562 PMCID: PMC10613125 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Alzheimer's disease share several pathological features, including insulin resistance, abnormal protein processing, mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. The MetS constitutes elevated fasting glucose, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, but the precise mechanism remains elusive. Insulin resistance, which develops from a diet rich in sugars and saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate, is shared by the MetS and Alzheimer's disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also a point of convergence, with altered dynamics in both the MetS and Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of palmitate- and glucose-induced insulin resistance in the brain and its potential link through EVs to Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We demonstrate that palmitate and high glucose induce insulin resistance and amyloid precursor protein phosphorylation in primary rat embryonic cortical neurons and human cortical stem cells. Palmitate also triggers insulin resistance in oligodendrocytes, the supportive glia of the brain. Palmitate and glucose enhance amyloid precursor protein secretion from cortical neurons via EVs, which induce tau phosphorylation when added to naïve neurons. Additionally, EVs from palmitate-treated oligodendrocytes enhance insulin resistance in recipient neurons. Overall, our findings suggest a novel theory underlying the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in MetS mediated by EVs, which spread Alzheimer's pathology and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yoon‐Tae Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Dan L, Zhang Z. Alzheimer's disease: an axonal injury disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1264448. [PMID: 37927337 PMCID: PMC10620718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1264448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is anticipated to impose a substantial economic burden in the future. Over a significant period, the widely accepted amyloid cascade hypothesis has guided research efforts, and the recent FDA approval of an anti- amyloid-beta (Aβ) protofibrils antibody, believed to decelerate AD progression, has further solidified its significance. However, the excessive emphasis placed on the amyloid cascade hypothesis has overshadowed the physiological nature of Aβ and tau proteins within axons. Axons, specialized neuronal structures, sustain damage during the early stages of AD, exerting a pivotal influence on disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the relationship between axonal damage and AD pathology, amalgamating the physiological roles of Aβ and tau proteins, along with the impact of AD risk genes such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, we underscore the exceptional significance of axonal damage in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Buccellato FR, D’Anca M, Tartaglia GM, Del Fabbro M, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13900. [PMID: 37762203 PMCID: PMC10531090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ever-increasing aged world, Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the first cause of dementia and one of the first chronic diseases in elderly people. With 55 million people affected, the WHO considers AD to be a disease with public priority. Unfortunately, there are no final cures for this pathology. Treatment strategies are aimed to mitigate symptoms, i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist Memantine. At present, the best approaches for managing the disease seem to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to stimulate cognitive reserve. Over the last twenty years, a number of drugs have been discovered acting on the well-established biological hallmarks of AD, deposition of β-amyloid aggregates and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in cells. Although previous efforts disappointed expectations, a new era in treating AD has been working its way recently. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave conditional approval of the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for the treatment of AD, aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed against Aβ plaques and oligomers in 2021, and in January 2023, the FDA granted accelerated approval for a second monoclonal antibody, Lecanemab. This review describes ongoing clinical trials with DMTs and non-pharmacological therapies. We will also present a future scenario based on new biomarkers that can detect AD in preclinical or prodromal stages, identify people at risk of developing AD, and allow an early and curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R. Buccellato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna D’Anca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Monney M, Jornayvaz FR, Gariani K. GLP-1 receptor agonists effect on cognitive function in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101470. [PMID: 37657738 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone of the incretin family, secreted in response to nutrient ingestion, and plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. GLP-1 receptor agonist has a peripheral and a central action, including stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis, inhibition of glucagon secretion and gastric emptying, and inhibition of food intake. Through their mechanism, their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been extended to the management of obesity, and numerous trials are being conducted to assess their cardiovascular effect. Type 2 diabetes appears to share common pathophysiological mechanisms with the development of cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, related to insulin resistance. In this review, we aim to examine the pathological features between type 2 diabetes and dementia, GLP-1 central effects, and analyze the relevant literature about the effect of GLP-1 analogs on cognitive function of patients with type 2 diabetes but also without. Results tends to show an improvement in some brain markers (e.g. hippocampal connections, cerebral glucose metabolism, hippocampal activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging), but without being able to demonstrate a strong correlation to cognitive scores. Some epidemiological studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may offer a protective effect, by delaying progression to dementia when diabetic patients are treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Ongoing trials are in progress and may provide disease-modifying care for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Monney
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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Robison LS, Gannon OJ, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Kelly RD, Riccio DA, Mansour FM, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 37559092 PMCID: PMC10410820 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is notably associated with cognitive decline resulting from impaired function of hippocampal and cortical areas; however, several other domains and corresponding brain regions are affected. One such brain region is the hypothalamus, shown to atrophy and develop amyloid and tau pathology in AD patients. The hypothalamus controls several functions necessary for survival, including energy and glucose homeostasis. Changes in appetite and body weight are common in AD, often seen several years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Therefore, altered metabolic processes may serve as a biomarker for AD, as well as a target for treatment, considering they are likely both a result of pathological changes and contributor to disease progression. Previously, we reported sexually dimorphic metabolic disturbances in ~ 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, accompanied by differences in systemic and hypothalamic inflammation. METHODS In the current study, we investigated metabolic outcomes and hypothalamic inflammation in 3xTg-AD males and females at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age to determine when these sex differences emerge. RESULTS In agreement with our previous study, AD males displayed less weight gain and adiposity, as well as reduced blood glucose levels following a glucose challenge, compared to females. These trends were apparent by 6-9 months of age, coinciding with increased expression of inflammatory markers (Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the hypothalamus of AD males. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional evidence for sex-dependent effects of AD pathology on energy and glucose homeostasis, which may be linked to hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David A Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Peng Y, Jin H, Xue YH, Chen Q, Yao SY, Du MQ, Liu S. Current and future therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease: an overview of drug development bottlenecks. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1206572. [PMID: 37600514 PMCID: PMC10438465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1206572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It causes cognitive dysfunction, such as aphasia and agnosia, and mental symptoms, such as behavioral abnormalities; all of which place a significant psychological and economic burden on the patients' families. No specific drugs are currently available for the treatment of AD, and the current drugs for AD only delay disease onset and progression. The pathophysiological basis of AD involves abnormal deposition of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ), abnormal tau protein phosphorylation, decreased activity of acetylcholine content, glutamate toxicity, autophagy, inflammatory reactions, mitochondria-targeting, and multi-targets. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved five drugs for clinical use: tacrine, donepezil, carbalatine, galantamine, memantine, and lecanemab. We have focused on the newer drugs that have undergone clinical trials, most of which have not been successful as a result of excessive clinical side effects or poor efficacy. Although aducanumab received rapid approval from the FDA on 7 June 2021, its long-term safety and tolerability require further monitoring and confirmation. In this literature review, we aimed to explore the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of AD. We focused on anti-Aβ and anti-tau drugs, mitochondria-targeting and multi-targets, commercially available drugs, bottlenecks encountered in drug development, and the possible targets and therapeutic strategies for future drug development. We hope to present new concepts and methods for future drug therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-hui Xue
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shun-yu Yao
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-qiao Du
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Yang J, Li Y, Bhalla A, Maienschein-Cline M, Fukuchi KI. A novel co-culture model for investigation of the effects of LPS-induced macrophage-derived cytokines on brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288497. [PMID: 37440496 PMCID: PMC10343049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study effects of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators associated with systemic inflammation on brain endothelial cells, we have established a co-culture system consisting of bEnd.3 cells and LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and performed its cytokine profiling. The cytokine profile of the co-culture model was compared to that of mice treated with intraperitoneal LPS injection. We found that, among cytokines profiled, eight cytokines/chemokines were similarly upregulated in both in vivo mouse and in vitro co-culture model. In contrast to the co-culture model, the cytokine profile of a common mono-culture system consisting of only LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells had little similarity to that of the in vivo mouse model. These results indicate that the co-culture of bEnd.3 cells with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells is a better model than the common mono-culture of LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells to investigate the molecular mechanism in endothelial cells, by which systemic inflammation induces neuroinflammation. Moreover, fibrinogen adherence both to bEnd.3 cells in the co-culture and to brain blood vessels in a LPS-treated animal model of Alzheimer's disease increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to utilize bEnd.3 cells co-cultured with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells as an in vitro model to investigate the consequence of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators on brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ambuj Bhalla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
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Carter KJ, Ward AT, Kellawan JM, Harrell JW, Peltonen GL, Roberts GS, Al-Subu A, Hagen SA, Serlin RC, Eldridge MW, Wieben O, Schrage WG. Reduced basal macrovascular and microvascular cerebral blood flow in young adults with metabolic syndrome: potential mechanisms. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:94-108. [PMID: 37199780 PMCID: PMC10292973 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00688.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-million Americans suffer metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), increasing the risk of diabetes and poor brain outcomes, including neuropathology linked to lower cerebral blood flow (CBF), predominantly in anterior regions. We tested the hypothesis that total and regional CBF is lower in MetSyn more so in the anterior brain and explored three potential mechanisms. Thirty-four controls (25 ± 5 yr) and 19 MetSyn (30 ± 9 yr), with no history of cardiovascular disease/medications, underwent four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify macrovascular CBF, whereas arterial spin labeling quantified brain perfusion in a subset (n = 38/53). Contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX; n = 14), nitric oxide synthase (NOS, n = 17), or endothelin receptor A signaling (n = 13) were tested with indomethacin, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), and Ambrisentan, respectively. Total CBF was 20 ± 16% lower in MetSyn (725 ± 116 vs. 582 ± 119 mL/min, P < 0.001). Anterior and posterior brain regions were 17 ± 18% and 30 ± 24% lower in MetSyn; reductions were not different between regions (P = 0.112). Global perfusion was 16 ± 14% lower in MetSyn (44 ± 7 vs. 36 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, P = 0.002) and regionally in frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes (range 15-22%). The decrease in CBF with L-NMMA (P = 0.004) was not different between groups (P = 0.244, n = 14, 3), and Ambrisentan had no effect on either group (P = 0.165, n = 9, 4). Interestingly, indomethacin reduced CBF more in Controls in the anterior brain (P = 0.041), but CBF decrease in posterior was not different between groups (P = 0.151, n = 8, 6). These data indicate that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially reduced brain perfusion without regional differences. Moreover, this reduction is not due to loss of NOS or gain of ET-1 signaling but rather a loss of COX vasodilation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Using MRI and research pharmaceuticals to study the role of NOS, ET-1, or COX signaling, we found that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially lower CBF that is not explained by changes in NOS or ET-1 signaling. Interestingly, adults with MetSyn show a loss of COX-mediated vasodilation in the anterior but not posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aaron T Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John W Harrell
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Garrett L Peltonen
- School of Nursing and Kinesiology, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, New Mexico, United States
| | - Grant S Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Awni Al-Subu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Scott A Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ronald C Serlin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Grover L, Sklioutovskaya-Lopez K, Parkman JK, Wang K, Hendricks E, Adams-Duffield J, Kim JH. Diet, sex, and genetic predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes modulate motor and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and alter cerebellar gene expression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114376. [PMID: 36868363 PMCID: PMC10065959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious health problems linked to neurobehavioral alterations. We compared motor function, anxiety-related behavior, and cerebellar gene expression in TALLYHO/Jng (TH), a polygenic model prone to insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D, and normal C57BL/6 J (B6) mice. Male and female mice were weaned onto chow or high fat (HF) diet at 4 weeks of age (wk), and experiments conducted at young (5 wk) and old (14 - 20 wk) ages. In the open field, distance traveled was significantly lower in TH (vs. B6). For old mice, anxiety-like behavior (time in edge zone) was significantly increased for TH (vs B6), females (vs males), and for both ages HF diet (vs chow). In Rota-Rod testing, latency to fall was significantly shorter in TH (vs B6). For young mice, longer latencies to fall were observed for females (vs males) and HF (vs chow). Grip strength in young mice was greater in TH (vs B6), and there was a diet-strain interaction, with TH on HF showing increased strength, whereas B6 on HF showed decreased strength. For older mice, there was a strain-sex interaction, with B6 males (but not TH males) showing increased strength compared to the same strain females. There were significant sex differences in cerebellar mRNA levels, with Tnfα higher, and Glut4 and Irs2 lower in females (vs males). There were significant strain effects for Gfap and Igf1 mRNA levels with lower in TH (vs B6). Altered cerebellar gene expression may contribute to strain differences in coordination and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Grover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | | | - Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Katherine Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Emily Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jessica Adams-Duffield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Zhou C, Zhang J, Luo X, Lian F, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhang N. Sodium Oligomannate Electrostatically Binds to Aβ and Blocks Its Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1983-1994. [PMID: 36848623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
GV-971 (sodium oligomannate) is a China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)-approved drug for treating Alzheimer's disease, and it could inhibit Aβ fibril formation in vitro and in mouse studies. To elucidate the mechanisms for understanding how GV-971 modulates Aβ's aggregation, we conducted a systematic biochemical and biophysical study of Aβ40/Aβ42:GV-971 systems. The integrating analysis of previously published data and our results suggests that the multisite electrostatic interactions between GV-971's carboxylic groups and Aβ40/Aβ42's three histidine residues might play a dominant role in driving the binding of GV-971 to Aβ. The fuzzy-type electrostatic interactions between GV-971 and Aβ are expected to protect Aβ from aggregation potentially through breaking the histidine-mediated inter-Aβ electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, since GV-971's binding exhibited a slight downregulation effect on the flexibility of Aβ's histidine-colonized fragment, which potentially favors Aβ aggregation, we conclude that the dynamics alteration plays a minor role in GV-971's modulation on Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinwen Luo
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fulin Lian
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yangyang Zeng
- Green Valley (Shanghai) Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Johnson RJ, Tolan DR, Bredesen D, Nagel M, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Fini M, Burtis S, Lanaspa MA, Perlmutter D. Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:455-466. [PMID: 36774227 PMCID: PMC10196606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of survival is to assure enough food, water, and oxygen. Here, we describe a recently discovered response that favors survival in times of scarcity, and it is initiated by either ingestion or production of fructose. Unlike glucose, which is a source for immediate energy needs, fructose metabolism results in an orchestrated response to encourage food and water intake, reduce resting metabolism, stimulate fat and glycogen accumulation, and induce insulin resistance as a means to reduce metabolism and preserve glucose supply for the brain. How this survival mechanism affects brain metabolism, which in a resting human amounts to 20% of the overall energy demand, is only beginning to be understood. Here, we review and extend a previous hypothesis that this survival mechanism has a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and may account for many of the early features, including cerebral glucose hypometabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. We propose that the pathway can be engaged in multiple ways, including diets high in sugar, high glycemic carbohydrates, and salt. In summary, we propose that Alzheimer's disease may be the consequence of a maladaptation to an evolutionary-based survival pathway and what had served to enhance survival acutely becomes injurious when engaged for extensive periods. Although more studies are needed on the role of fructose metabolism and its metabolite, uric acid, in Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that both dietary and pharmacologic trials to reduce fructose exposure or block fructose metabolism should be performed to determine whether there is potential benefit in the prevention, management, or treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mehdi Fini
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Yang L, Wang Y, Zheng G, Li Z, Mei J. Resveratrol-loaded selenium/chitosan nano-flowers alleviate glucolipid metabolism disorder-associated cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124316. [PMID: 37004937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a common natural polyphenol that inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the absorption efficiency and in vivo bioactivity of Res are poor. High fat diet-induced metabolic disorders, including obesity and insulin resistance, can promote AD-related β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, Tau protein phosphorylation and neurotoxicity. Gut microbiota play a role in modulating metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Herein, flower-like Res-loaded selenium nanoparticles/chitosan nanoparticles (Res@SeNPs@Res-CS-NPs) with higher loading capacity (64 %) were prepared to regulate gut microbiota in cases of AD with metabolic disorder. The nano-flowers could restore gut microbiota homeostasis to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) formation and LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Additionally, Res@SeNPs@Res-CS-NPs can prevent lipid deposition and insulin resistance by decreasing Firmicutes levels and increasing Bacteroidetes levels in the gut, further inhibiting Aβ aggregation and Tau protein phosphorylation through the JNK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Moreover, Res@SeNPs@Res-CS-NPs treatment was able to regulate the relative levels of gut microbiota associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid deposition, including Entercoccus, Colidextribacter, Rikenella, Ruminococcus, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Alloprevotella and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Overall, Res@SeNPs@Res-CS-NPs significantly enhances cognitive ability in AD mice with metabolic disorder, highlighting their potential for preventing cognitive impairments in AD.
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Fihurka O, Wang Y, Hong Y, Lin X, Shen N, Yang H, Brown B, Mommer M, Zieneldien T, Li Y, Kim J, Li M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Cao C. Multi-Targeting Intranasal Nanoformulation as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:232. [PMID: 36830601 PMCID: PMC9953380 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, insulin, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been shown to reverse cognitive deficits and attenuate neuropathologies in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) when used individually. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic properties of long-term intranasal treatment with a novel nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a transgenic model of AD. Transgenic mice at the age of 12 months were intranasally administered with a new nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC at doses of 0.04, 0.008, and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, once daily for 3 months. The spatial memory of the mice was assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) test before and after drug treatment. Brain tissues were collected at the end of the treatment period for the assessment of Aβ load, tauopathy state, and markers of mitochondrial function. The RAWM test revealed that the treatment with the melatonin-insulin-THC (MIT) nasal spray improved the spatial learning memory of APP/PS1 mice significantly. Results of protein analyses of brain homogenates indicated that MIT treatment significantly decreased the tau phosphorylation implicated in tau toxicity (p < 0.05) and the expression of CKMT1 associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, MIT significantly decreased the expression of two mitochondrial fusion-related proteins, Mfn2 and Opa1 (p < 0.01 for both), while increasing the expression of a mitophagy regulator, Parkin, suggesting a compensatory enhancement of mitophagy due to MIT-promoted mitochondrial fusion. In conclusion, this study was the first to demonstrate the ability of an MIT nanoformulation to improve spatial memory in AD mice through its multi-targeting effects on Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, MIT may be a safe and effective therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Fihurka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yuzhu Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Haiqiang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Marcus Mommer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tarek Zieneldien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Janice Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF-health Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Fan L, Zhu X, Borenstein AR, Huang X, Shrubsole MJ, Dugan LL, Dai Q. Association of Circulating Caprylic Acid with Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Cohort. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:513-522. [PMID: 37357292 PMCID: PMC10442865 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) can rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier and provide an alternative energy source for the brain. This study aims to determine 1) whether plasma caprylic acid (C8:0) is associated with risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among baseline cognitively normal (CN) participants, and incident Alzheimer's Disease (AD) among baseline MCI participants; and 2) whether these associations differ by sex, comorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles, and ADAS-Cog 13. METHODS Within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, plasma C8:0 was measured at baseline in 618 AD-free participants aged 55 to 91. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs with incident MCI and AD as dependent variables, separately. RESULTS The inverse association between circulating C8:0 and risk of incident MCI was of borderline significance. The inverse association between circulating levels of C8:0 and risk of incident MCI was significant among CN participants with ≥1 cardiometabolic diseases [OR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.58-0.98) (P=0.03)], those with one copy of APOE ε4 alleles [OR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.21-0.89) (P=0.02)], female [OR (95% CI): 0.60 (0.38-0.94) (P=0.02)], and ADAS-Cog 13 above the median [OR (95%CI): 0.69 (0.50-0.97)(P=0.03)] after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSION The inverse associations were present only among subgroups of CN participants, including female individuals, those with one or more cardiometabolic diseases, or one APOE ε4 allele, or higher ADAS-Cog 13 scores. If confirmed, this finding will facilitate precision prevention of MCI, in turn, AD among CN older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fan
- Qi Dai, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA, Phone: (615) 936-0707, Fax: (615) 343-5938, E-mail:
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Johnson CN, McCoin CS, Kueck PJ, Hawley AG, John CS, Thyfault JP, Swerdlow RH, Geiger PC, Morris JK. Relationship of Muscle Apolipoprotein E Expression with Markers of Cellular Stress, Metabolism, and Blood Biomarkers in Cognitively Healthy and Impaired Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1027-1035. [PMID: 36847010 PMCID: PMC10116140 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have reduced lipid-stimulated mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. A major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele, is implicated in lipid metabolism and is associated with metabolic and oxidative stress that can result from dysfunctional mitochondria. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is protective against these stressors and is elevated in the AD brain. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to characterize skeletal muscle ApoE and Hsp72 protein expression in APOE4 carriers in relationship to cognitive status, muscle mitochondrial respiration and AD biomarkers. METHODS We analyzed previously collected skeletal muscle tissue from 24 APOE4 carriers (60y+) who were cognitively healthy (CH, n = 9) or MCI (n = 15). We measured ApoE and Hsp72 protein levels in muscle and phosphorylated tau181 (pTau181) levels in plasma, and leveraged previously collected data on APOE genotype, mitochondrial respiration during lipid oxidation, and VO2 max. RESULTS Muscle ApoE (p = 0.013) and plasma pTau181 levels (p < 0.001) were higher in MCI APOE4 carriers. Muscle ApoE positively correlated with plasma pTau181 in all APOE4 carriers (R2 = 0.338, p = 0.003). Hsp72 expression negatively correlated with ADP (R2 = 0.775, p = <0.001) and succinate-stimulated respiration (R2 = 0.405, p = 0.003) in skeletal muscle of MCI APOE4 carriers. Plasma pTau181 negatively tracked with VO2 max in all APOE4 carriers (R2 = 0.389, p = 0.003). Analyses were controlled for age. CONCLUSION This work supports a relationship between cellular stress in skeletal muscle and cognitive status in APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N. Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Colin S. McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul J. Kueck
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amelia G. Hawley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Casey S. John
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige C. Geiger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jill K. Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas University Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Hamzé R, Delangre E, Tolu S, Moreau M, Janel N, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Common Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315287. [PMID: 36499613 PMCID: PMC9739879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is increasing alarmingly with the aging of the population. Numerous epidemiological data suggest that there is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of dementia. These diseases are both degenerative and progressive and share common risk factors. The amyloid cascade plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptides gradually leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which then form neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in neurodegeneration and cerebral atrophy. In Alzheimer's disease, apart from these processes, the alteration of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the brain seems to induce early neuronal loss and the impairment of synaptic plasticity, years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The large amount of evidence on the existence of insulin resistance in the brain during Alzheimer's disease has led to the description of this disease as "type 3 diabetes". Available animal models have been valuable in the understanding of the relationships between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but to date, the mechanistical links are poorly understood. In this non-exhaustive review, we describe the main molecular mechanisms that may link these two diseases, with an emphasis on impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling. We also focus on GSK3β and DYRK1A, markers of Alzheimer's disease, which are also closely associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, and thus may represent common therapeutic targets for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamzé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Manon Moreau
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Team Degenerative Process, Stress and Aging, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Team Biology and Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-82; Fax: +33-1-57-27-77-91
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Cui Y, Tang TY, Lu CQ, Ju S. Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From Neuroimaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1621-1649. [PMID: 35852470 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide well known for its role in regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies indicate the multifactorial role of insulin in the brain, such as neuronal and glial metabolism, glucose regulation, and cognitive processes. Insulin resistance (IR), defined as reduced sensitivity to the action of insulin, has been consistently proposed as an important risk factor for developing neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Although the exact mechanism of IR-related cognitive impairment still awaits further elucidation, neuroimaging offers a versatile set of novel contrasts to reveal the subtle cerebral abnormalities in IR. These imaging contrasts, including but not limited to brain volume, white matter (WM) microstructure, neural function and brain metabolism, are expected to unravel the nature of the link between IR, cognitive decline, and brain abnormalities, and their changes over time. This review summarizes the current neuroimaging studies with multiparametric techniques, focusing on the cerebral abnormalities related to IR and therapeutic effects of IR-targeting treatments. According to the results, brain regions associated with IR pathophysiology include the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, prefrontal lobe, cingulate cortex, precuneus, occipital lobe, and the WM tracts across the globe. Of these, alterations in the temporal lobe are highly reproducible across different imaging modalities. These structures have been known to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and are critical in cognitive processes such as memory and executive functioning. Comparing to asymptomatic subjects, results are more mixed in patients with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, which might be attributed to a multifactorial mechanism. Taken together, neuroimaging, especially MRI, is beneficial to reveal early abnormalities in cerebral structure and function in insulin-resistant brain, providing important evidence to unravel the underlying neuronal substrate that reflects the cognitive decline in IR. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Qiang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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Solas M, Zamarbide M, Ardanaz CG, Ramírez MJ, Pérez-Mediavilla A. The Cognitive Improvement and Alleviation of Brain Hypermetabolism Caused by FFAR3 Ablation in Tg2576 Mice Is Persistent under Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13591. [PMID: 36362376 PMCID: PMC9654726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are becoming increasingly prevalent across the globe. It has been established that aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity and the associated insulin resistance are also notably relevant risk factors. The biological plausibility of the link between high adiposity, insulin resistance, and dementia is central for understanding AD etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease the disease burden. Several studies have demonstrated a strong association between short chain fatty acid receptor FFAR3 and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, it has been recently established that FFAR3 mRNA levels are increased in early stages of the AD pathology, indicating that FFAR3 could play a key role in AD onset and progression. Indeed, in the present study we demonstrate that the ablation of the Ffar3 gene in Tg2576 mice prevents the development of cognitive deficiencies in advanced stages of the disease. Notably, this cognitive improvement is also maintained upon a severe metabolic challenge such as the exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Moreover, FFAR3 deletion restores the brain hypermetabolism displayed by Tg2576 mice. Collectively, these data postulate FFAR3 as a potential novel target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Zamarbide
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos G. Ardanaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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50
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Intestinal Flora Affect Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Endogenous Hormones. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3565-3582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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