1
|
Ionescu MI, Grigoras IF, Ionescu RB, Chitimus DM, Haret RM, Ianosi B, Ceanga M, Zagrean AM. Oxytocin Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects on Hippocampal Cultures under Severe Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Conditions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6223-6236. [PMID: 38921042 PMCID: PMC11202210 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy can result in severe, long-lasting neurological deficits. In vitro models, such as oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), are used experimentally to investigate neuronal response to metabolic stress. However, multiple variables can affect the severity level of OGD/PA and may confound any measured treatment effect. Oxytocin (OXT) has emerged as a potential neuroprotective agent against the deleterious effects of PA. Previous studies have demonstrated OXT's potential to enhance neuronal survival in immature hippocampal cultures exposed to OGD, possibly by modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor activity. Moreover, OXT's precise impact on developing hippocampal neurons under different severities of OGD/PA remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of OXT (0.1 µM and 1 µM) on 7-day-old primary rat hippocampal cultures subjected to 2 h OGD/sham normoxic conditions. Cell culture viability was determined using the resazurin assay. Our results indicate that the efficacy of 1 µM OXT treatment varied according to the severity of the OGD-induced lesion, exhibiting a protective effect (p = 0.022) only when cellular viability dropped below 49.41% in non-treated OGD cultures compared to normoxic ones. Furthermore, administration of 0.1 µM OXT did not yield significant effects, irrespective of lesion severity (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that 1 µM OXT treatment during OGD confers neuroprotection exclusively in severe lesions in hippocampal neurons after 7 days in vitro. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms involved in OXT-mediated neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Ionescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
| | - Ioana-Florentina Grigoras
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Diana Maria Chitimus
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
| | - Robert Mihai Haret
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Gottingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Bogdan Ianosi
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Mihai Ceanga
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Division of Physiology II-Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.I.); (I.-F.G.); (R.-B.I.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.H.); (B.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weese-Mayer DE, Di Fiore JM, Lake DE, Hibbs AM, Claure N, Qiu J, Ambalavanan N, Bancalari E, Kemp JS, Zimmet AM, Carroll JL, Martin RJ, Krahn KN, Hamvas A, Ratcliffe SJ, Krishnamurthi N, Indic P, Dormishian A, Dennery PA, Moorman JR. Maturation of cardioventilatory physiological trajectories in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1060-1069. [PMID: 37857848 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In extremely preterm infants, persistence of cardioventilatory events is associated with long-term morbidity. Therefore, the objective was to characterize physiologic growth curves of apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia, and bradycardia in extremely preterm infants during the first few months of life. METHODS The Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control study included 717 preterm infants <29 weeks gestation. Waveforms were downloaded from bedside monitors with a novel sharing analytics strategy utilized to run software locally, with summary data sent to the Data Coordinating Center for compilation. RESULTS Apnea, periodic breathing, and intermittent hypoxemia events rose from day 3 of life then fell to near-resolution by 8-12 weeks of age. Apnea/intermittent hypoxemia were inversely correlated with gestational age, peaking at 3-4 weeks of age. Periodic breathing was positively correlated with gestational age peaking at 31-33 weeks postmenstrual age. Females had more periodic breathing but less intermittent hypoxemia/bradycardia. White infants had more apnea/periodic breathing/intermittent hypoxemia. Infants never receiving mechanical ventilation followed similar postnatal trajectories but with less apnea and intermittent hypoxemia, and more periodic breathing. CONCLUSIONS Cardioventilatory events peak during the first month of life but the actual postnatal trajectory is dependent on the type of event, race, sex and use of mechanical ventilation. IMPACT Physiologic curves of cardiorespiratory events in extremely preterm-born infants offer (1) objective measures to assess individual patient courses and (2) guides for research into control of ventilation, biomarkers and outcomes. Presented are updated maturational trajectories of apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia, and bradycardia in 717 infants born <29 weeks gestation from the multi-site NHLBI-funded Pre-Vent study. Cardioventilatory events peak during the first month of life but the actual postnatal trajectory is dependent on the type of event, race, sex and use of mechanical ventilation. Different time courses for apnea and periodic breathing suggest different maturational mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Weese-Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Autonomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Juliann M Di Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Douglas E Lake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Analytics and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Hibbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nelson Claure
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital - Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jiaxing Qiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Analytics and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eduardo Bancalari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital - Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James S Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda M Zimmet
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Analytics and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John L Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katy N Krahn
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Analytics and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah J Ratcliffe
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Narayanan Krishnamurthi
- Division of Autonomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Premananda Indic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Alaleh Dormishian
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital - Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Randall Moorman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Analytics and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Briguglio S, Cambria C, Albizzati E, Marcello E, Provenzano G, Frasca A, Antonucci F. New Views of the DNA Repair Protein Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated in Central Neurons: Contribution in Synaptic Dysfunctions of Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2181. [PMID: 37681912 PMCID: PMC10486624 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase principally known to orchestrate DNA repair processes upon DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mutations in the Atm gene lead to Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT), a recessive disorder characterized by ataxic movements consequent to cerebellar atrophy or dysfunction, along with immune alterations, genomic instability, and predisposition to cancer. AT patients show variable phenotypes ranging from neurologic abnormalities and cognitive impairments to more recently described neuropsychiatric features pointing to symptoms hardly ascribable to the canonical functions of ATM in DNA damage response (DDR). Indeed, evidence suggests that cognitive abilities rely on the proper functioning of DSB machinery and specific synaptic changes in central neurons of ATM-deficient mice unveiled unexpected roles of ATM at the synapse. Thus, in the present review, upon a brief recall of DNA damage responses, we focus our attention on the role of ATM in neuronal physiology and pathology and we discuss recent findings showing structural and functional changes in hippocampal and cortical synapses of AT mouse models. Collectively, a deeper knowledge of ATM-dependent mechanisms in neurons is necessary not only for a better comprehension of AT neurological phenotypes, but also for a higher understanding of the pathological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders involving ATM dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Briguglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Clara Cambria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Elena Albizzati
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38068 Trento, TN, Italy;
| | - Angelisa Frasca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gräfe EL, Reid HMO, Shkolnikov I, Conway K, Kit A, Acosta C, Christie BR. Women are Taking the Hit: Examining the Unique Consequences of Cannabis Use Across the Female Lifespan. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101076. [PMID: 37217080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use has risen dramatically in recent years due to global decriminalization and a resurgence in the interest of potential therapeutic benefits. While emerging research is shaping our understanding of the benefits and harms of cannabis, there remains a paucity of data specifically focused on how cannabis affects the female population. The female experience of cannabis use is unique, both in the societal context and because of the biological ramifications. This is increasingly important given the rise in cannabis potency, as well as the implications this has for the prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). Therefore, this scoping review aims to discuss the prevalence of cannabis use and CUD in women throughout their lifespan and provide a balanced prospective on the positive and negative consequences of cannabis use. In doing so, this review will highlight the necessity for continued research that goes beyond sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Gräfe
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - I Shkolnikov
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Conway
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Kit
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Acosta
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma D, Tripathi M, Doddamani R, Sharma MC, Lalwani S, Sarat Chandra P, Banerjee Dixit A, Banerjee J. Correlation of age at seizure onset with GABA A receptor subunit and chloride Co-transporter configuration in Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Neurosci Lett 2023; 796:137065. [PMID: 36638954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a group of malformations of cortical development, which are speculated to be related to early developmental defects in the cerebral cortex. According to dysmature cerebral development hypothesis of FCD altered GABAA receptor function is known to contribute to abnormal neuronal network. Here, we studied the possible association between age at seizure onset in FCD with the subunit configuration of GABAA receptors in resected brain specimens obtained from patients with FCD. We observed a significantly higher ratio of α4/α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in patients with early onset (EO) FCD as compared to those with late onset (LO) FCD as is seen during the course of development where α4-containing GABAA receptors expression is high as compared to α1-containing GABAA receptors expression. Likewise, the influx to efflux chloride co-transporter expression of NKCC1/KCC2 was also increased in patients with EO FCD as seen during brain development. In addition, we observed that the ratio of GABA/Glutamate neurotransmitters was lower in patients with EO FCD as compared to that in patients with LO FCD. Our findings suggest altered configuration of GABAA receptors in FCD which could be contributing to aberrant depolarizing GABAergic activity. In particular, we observed a correlation of age at seizure onset in FCD with subunit configuration of GABAA receptors, levels of NKCC1/KCC2 and the ratio of GABA/Glutamate neurotransmitters such that the patients with EO FCD exhibited a more critically modulated GABAergic network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devina Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Doddamani
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei J, Zheng H, Li G, Chen Z, Fang G, Yan J. Involvement of oxytocin receptor deficiency in psychiatric disorders and behavioral abnormalities. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1164796. [PMID: 37153633 PMCID: PMC10159063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1164796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin and its target receptor (oxytocin receptor, OXTR) exert important roles in the regulation of complex social behaviors and cognition. The oxytocin/OXTR system in the brain could activate and transduce several intracellular signaling pathways to affect neuronal functions or responses and then mediate physiological activities. The persistence and outcome of the oxytocin activity in the brain are closely linked to the regulation, state, and expression of OXTR. Increasing evidence has shown that genetic variations, epigenetic modification states, and the expression of OXTR have been implicated in psychiatric disorders characterized by social deficits, especially in autism. Among these variations and modifications, OXTR gene methylation and polymorphism have been found in many patients with psychiatric disorders and have been considered to be associated with those psychiatric disorders, behavioral abnormalities, and individual differences in response to social stimuli or others. Given the significance of these new findings, in this review, we focus on the progress of OXTR's functions, intrinsic mechanisms, and its correlations with psychiatric disorders or deficits in behaviors. We hope that this review can provide a deep insight into the study of OXTR-involved psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Huanrui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guokai Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zichun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Gengjing Fang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujia, China
- Gengjing Fang
| | - Jianying Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Jianying Yan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langton RL, Sharma S, Tiarks GC, Bassuk AG, Glykys J. Lacosamide decreases neonatal seizures without increasing apoptosis. Epilepsia 2022; 63:3051-3065. [PMID: 36168798 PMCID: PMC9742288 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many seizing neonates fail to respond to first-line anticonvulsant medications. Phenobarbital, an allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptors, has low efficacy in treating neonatal seizures and causes neuronal apoptosis. Nonetheless, it is one of the most used anticonvulsants in this age group. In neonatal mice, phenobarbital's poor effectiveness is due in part to high intraneuronal chloride concentration, which causes GABA to exert depolarizing actions. Therefore, another approach to treat neonatal seizures could be to use anticonvulsants that do not rely on GABAergic modulation. We evaluated whether lacosamide decreases seizures in neonatal mice and whether it increases apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro, we measured the effect of different lacosamide concentrations on seizure-like activity induced by the pro-convulsant drug 4-aminopyridine in neocortical brain slices (layer IV/V) from neonatal (postnatal day 8-11) and adult (1-1.6 months old) C57BL/6J mice. In vivo, we recorded the effect of different lacosamide concentrations on neonatal behavioral seizures induced by kainic acid. We studied neocortical apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, measuring terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling signal and cleaved-caspase 3. RESULTS Lacosamide reduced epileptiform activity in neocortical brain slices of neonates and adults in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, lacosamide reduced the duration and number of behavioral seizures. Lacosamide did not increase total or neuronal apoptosis in the neocortex in vitro or in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Lacosamide reduces neocortical seizure-like activity in neonatal mice in vitro and in vivo without an acute increase in apoptosis. Our results support the use of lacosamide to treat neonatal seizures, with the advantage of not increasing apoptosis acutely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Langton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Grant C Tiarks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph Glykys
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim T, Kadji H, Whalen AJ, Ashourvan A, Freeman E, Fried SI, Tadigadapa S, Schiff SJ. Thermal effects on neurons during stimulation of the brain. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:056029. [PMID: 36126646 PMCID: PMC9855718 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
All electric and magnetic stimulation of the brain deposits thermal energy in the brain. This occurs through either Joule heating of the conductors carrying current through electrodes and magnetic coils, or through dissipation of energy in the conductive brain.Objective.Although electrical interaction with brain tissue is inseparable from thermal effects when electrodes are used, magnetic induction enables us to separate Joule heating from induction effects by contrasting AC and DC driving of magnetic coils using the same energy deposition within the conductors. Since mammalian cortical neurons have no known sensitivity to static magnetic fields, and if there is no evidence of effect on spike timing to oscillating magnetic fields, we can presume that the induced electrical currents within the brain are below the molecular shot noise where any interaction with tissue is purely thermal.Approach.In this study, we examined a range of frequencies produced from micromagnetic coils operating below the molecular shot noise threshold for electrical interaction with single neurons.Main results.We found that small temperature increases and decreases of 1∘C caused consistent transient suppression and excitation of neurons during temperature change. Numerical modeling of the biophysics demonstrated that the Na-K pump, and to a lesser extent the Nernst potential, could account for these transient effects. Such effects are dependent upon compartmental ion fluxes and the rate of temperature change.Significance.A new bifurcation is described in the model dynamics that accounts for the transient suppression and excitation; in addition, we note the remarkable similarity of this bifurcation's rate dependency with other thermal rate-dependent tipping points in planetary warming dynamics. These experimental and theoretical findings demonstrate that stimulation of the brain must take into account small thermal effects that are ubiquitously present in electrical and magnetic stimulation. More sophisticated models of electrical current interaction with neurons combined with thermal effects will lead to more accurate modulation of neuronal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TaeKen Kim
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Herve Kadji
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hackensack Meridian Health Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Whalen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Arian Ashourvan
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Eugene Freeman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Honeywell International Aerospace Advanced Technology, Plymouth, MN, United States of America
| | - Shelley I Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston 02130, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Tadigadapa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, TMP 410, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sokolov RA, Mukhina IV. Spontaneous Ca 2+ events are linked to the development of neuronal firing during maturation in mice primary hippocampal culture cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109330. [PMID: 35750097 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most vital intracellular secondary messengers that tightly regulates a variety of cell physiology processes, especially in the brain. Using a fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive Oregon Green probe, we revealed three different amplitude distributions of spontaneous Ca2+ events (SCEs) in neurons between 15 and 26 days in vitro (DIV) culture maturation. We detected a series of amplitude events: micro amplitude SCE (microSCE) 25% increase from the baseline, intermediate amplitude SCE (interSCE) as 25-75%, and macro amplitude SCE (macroSCE) - over 75%. The SCEs were fully dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and neuronal network activity and vanished in the Ca2+-free solution, 10 mM Mg2+-block, or in the presence of voltage-gated Na+-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. Combined patch-clamp and Ca2+-imaging techniques revealed that microSCE match single action potential (AP), interSCE - burst of 3-12 APs, and macroSCE - 'superburst' of 10+ APs. MicroSCEs were blocked by a common α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainic acid (KA) receptor antagonist, CNQX. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A-type receptor (GABAAR) picrotoxin blockade and L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+-channel inhibitor diltiazem significantly reduced microSCE frequency. InterSCEs were inhibited by CNQX, but picrotoxin treatment significantly increased its amplitude. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-APV, voltage-gated K+-channel blocker, tetraethylammonium, noticeably suppressed interSCE amplitude. We also demonstrate that macroSCEs were AMPA/KA receptor-independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav A Sokolov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; In Vivo Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sochi, Russia.
| | - Irina V Mukhina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Heylen L, Partoens M, Mills JD, Kaminski RM, Godard P, Gillard M, de Witte PAM, Siekierska A. Connectivity Mapping Using a Novel sv2a Loss-of-Function Zebrafish Epilepsy Model as a Powerful Strategy for Anti-epileptic Drug Discovery. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881933. [PMID: 35686059 PMCID: PMC9172968 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) regulates action potential-dependent neurotransmitter release and is commonly known as the primary binding site of an approved anti-epileptic drug, levetiracetam. Although several rodent knockout models have demonstrated the importance of SV2A for functional neurotransmission, its precise physiological function and role in epilepsy pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Here, we present a novel sv2a knockout model in zebrafish, a vertebrate with complementary advantages to rodents. We demonstrated that 6 days post fertilization homozygous sv2a–/– mutant zebrafish larvae, but not sv2a+/– and sv2a+/+ larvae, displayed locomotor hyperactivity and spontaneous epileptiform discharges, however, no major brain malformations could be observed. A partial rescue of this epileptiform brain activity could be observed after treatment with two commonly used anti-epileptic drugs, valproic acid and, surprisingly, levetiracetam. This observation indicated that additional targets, besides Sv2a, maybe are involved in the protective effects of levetiracetam against epileptic seizures. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis provided insights into the neuropathological processes underlying the observed epileptic phenotype. While gene expression profiling revealed only one differentially expressed gene (DEG) between wildtype and sv2a+/– larvae, there were 4386 and 3535 DEGs between wildtype and sv2a–/–, and sv2a+/– and sv2a–/– larvae, respectively. Pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis between wildtype and sv2a–/– larvae revealed several pathways and GO terms enriched amongst up- and down-regulated genes, including MAPK signaling, synaptic vesicle cycle, and extracellular matrix organization, all known to be involved in epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Importantly, we used the Connectivity map database to identify compounds with opposing gene signatures compared to the one observed in sv2a–/– larvae, to finally rescue the epileptic phenotype. Two out of three selected compounds rescued electrographic discharges in sv2a–/– larvae, while negative controls did not. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sv2a deficiency leads to increased seizure vulnerability and provide valuable insight into the functional importance of sv2a in the brain in general. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the concept of connectivity mapping represents an attractive and powerful approach in the discovery of novel compounds against epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Heylen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michèle Partoens
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Rafal M. Kaminski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- UCB Pharma, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | | | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Peter A. M. de Witte,
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Aleksandra Siekierska,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song Y, Lally PJ, Yanez Lopez M, Oeltzschner G, Nebel MB, Gagoski B, Kecskemeti S, Hui SCN, Zöllner HJ, Shukla D, Arichi T, De Vita E, Yedavalli V, Thayyil S, Fallin D, Dean DC, Grant PE, Wisnowski JL, Edden RAE. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the neonatal brain. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:217-232. [PMID: 34654960 PMCID: PMC8887832 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
J-difference-edited spectroscopy is a valuable approach for the detection of low-concentration metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Currently, few edited MRS studies are performed in neonates due to suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio, relatively long acquisition times, and vulnerability to motion artifacts. Nonetheless, the technique presents an exciting opportunity in pediatric imaging research to study rapid maturational changes of neurotransmitter systems and other metabolic systems in early postnatal life. Studying these metabolic processes is vital to understanding the widespread and rapid structural and functional changes that occur in the first years of life. The overarching goal of this review is to provide an introduction to edited MRS for neonates, including the current state-of-the-art in editing methods and editable metabolites, as well as to review the current literature applying edited MRS to the neonatal brain. Existing challenges and future opportunities, including the lack of age-specific reference data, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Lally
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Yanez Lopez
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepika Shukla
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth Wing, 3rd Floor, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Fallin
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Nursery, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Wisnowski
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology and Fetal and Neonatal Institute, CHLA Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kilb W. When Are Depolarizing GABAergic Responses Excitatory? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:747835. [PMID: 34899178 PMCID: PMC8651619 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.747835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane responses upon activation of GABA(A) receptors critically depend on the intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i), which is maintained by a set of transmembrane transporters for Cl−. During neuronal development, but also under several pathophysiological conditions, the prevailing expression of the Cl− loader NKCC1 and the low expression of the Cl− extruder KCC2 causes elevated [Cl−]i, which result in depolarizing GABAergic membrane responses. However, depolarizing GABAergic responses are not necessarily excitatory, as GABA(A) receptors also reduces the input resistance of neurons and thereby shunt excitatory inputs. To summarize our knowledge on the effect of depolarizing GABA responses on neuronal excitability, this review discusses theoretical considerations and experimental studies illustrating the relation between GABA conductances, GABA reversal potential and neuronal excitability. In addition, evidences for the complex spatiotemporal interaction between depolarizing GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs are described. Moreover, mechanisms that influence [Cl−]i beyond the expression of Cl− transporters are presented. And finally, several in vitro and in vivo studies that directly investigated whether GABA mediates excitation or inhibition during early developmental stages are summarized. In summary, these theoretical considerations and experimental evidences suggest that GABA can act as inhibitory neurotransmitter even under conditions that maintain substantial depolarizing membrane responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lan Z, Zhang W, Xu J, Lu W. GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition of Dahlgren cells electrical activity in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 306:113753. [PMID: 33711316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. We investigated its potential role as a neurotransmitter in the neuroendocrine Dahlgren cell population of the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) of the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The application of GABA in vitro resulted in a decrease in electrical activity of Dahlgren cells, followed by an increase of the number of silent cells, together with a decreased firing frequency of all three activity patterns (tonic, phasic, bursting). GABAA receptor agonist etomidate decreased Dahlgren cell firing activity, in a similar way to GABA. The response to GABA was blocked by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit (Gabrg2) and chloride channel (Clcn2) mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in the CNSS after GABA superfusion. These data suggest that GABA may modulate CNSS activity in vivo mediated by GABAA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Lan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jinling Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Fiore JM, Raffay TM. The relationship between intermittent hypoxemia events and neural outcomes in neonates. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113753. [PMID: 33984336 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review examines 1) patterns of intermittent hypoxemia in extremely preterm infants during early postnatal life, 2) the relationship between neonatal intermittent hypoxemia exposure and outcomes in both human and animal models, 3) potential mechanistic pathways, and 4) future alterations in clinical care that may reduce morbidity. Intermittent hypoxemia events are pervasive in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation at birth) during early postnatal life. An increased frequency of intermittent hypoxemia events has been associated with a range of poor neural outcomes including language and cognitive delays, motor impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, impaired control of breathing, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Neonatal rodent models have shown that exposure to short repetitive cycles of hypoxia induce a pathophysiological cascade. However, not all patterns of intermittent hypoxia are deleterious and some may even improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therapeutic interventions include supplemental oxygen, pressure support and pharmacologic drugs but prolonged hyperoxia and pressure exposure have been associated with cardiopulmonary morbidity. Therefore, it becomes imperative to distinguish high risk from neutral and/or even beneficial patterns of intermittent hypoxemia during early postnatal life. Identification of such patterns could improve clinical care with targeted interventions for high-risk patterns and minimal or no exposure to treatment modalities for low-risk patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliann M Di Fiore
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Thomas M Raffay
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Z, Xie C, Kuang H, Wu J, Chen X, Liu H, Liu T. Oxytocin mediates neuroprotection against hypoxic-ischemic injury in hippocampal CA1 neuron of neonatal rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108488. [PMID: 33556384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is one of the most prevalent causes of death during the perinatal period. The lack of exposure to oxytocin is associated with NHIE-mediated severe brain injury. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study combined immunohistochemistry with electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal CA1 neurons to investigate the role of oxytocin in an in vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury (oxygen and glucose deprivation, OGD) in postnatal day 7-10 rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that oxytocin largely reduced the relative intensity of TOPRO-3 staining following OGD in the hippocampal CA1 region. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that the OGD-induced onset time of anoxic depolarization (AD) was significantly delayed by oxytocin. This protective effect of oxytocin was blocked by pretreatment with [d(CH2)51, Tyr (Me)2, Thr4, Orn8, des-Gly-NH29] vasotocin (dVOT, an oxytocin receptor antagonist) or bicuculline (a GABAA receptor antagonist). Interestingly, oxytocin enhanced inhibitory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons, which were abolished by tetrodotoxin or dVOT. In contrast, oxytocin had no effect on excitatory postsynaptic currents but induced an inward current in 86% of the pyramidal neurons tested. Taken together, these results demonstrate that oxytocin receptor signaling plays a critical role in attenuating neonatal neural death by facilitating GABAergic transmission, which may help to regulate the excitatory-inhibitory balance in local neuronal networks in NHIE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Changning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Haixia Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Huibao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinyu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 292 S. Laodong, Xinyu, Jiangxi, 338025, PR China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 St. Yongwaizheng, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pires J, Nelissen R, Mansvelder HD, Meredith RM. Spontaneous synchronous network activity in the neonatal development of mPFC in mice. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:207-225. [PMID: 33453138 PMCID: PMC8048581 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous Synchronous Network Activity (SSA) is a hallmark of neurodevelopment found in numerous central nervous system structures, including neocortex. SSA occurs during restricted developmental time‐windows, commonly referred to as critical periods in sensory neocortex. Although part of the neocortex, the critical period for SSA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the underlying mechanisms for generation and propagation are unknown. Using Ca2+ imaging and whole‐cell patch‐clamp in an acute mPFC slice mouse model, the development of spontaneous activity and SSA was investigated at cellular and network levels during the two first postnatal weeks. The data revealed that developing mPFC neuronal networks are spontaneously active and exhibit SSA in the first two postnatal weeks, with peak synchronous activity at postnatal days (P)8–9. Networks remain active but are desynchronized by the end of this 2‐week period. SSA was driven by excitatory ionotropic glutamatergic transmission with a small contribution of excitatory GABAergic transmission at early time points. The neurohormone oxytocin desynchronized SSA in the first postnatal week only without affecting concurrent spontaneous activity. By the end of the second postnatal week, inhibiting GABAA receptors restored SSA. These findings point to the emergence of GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibition as a major factor in the termination of SSA in mouse mPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johny Pires
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics & Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Nelissen
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics & Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics & Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics & Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lombardi A, Jedlicka P, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Coincident glutamatergic depolarizations enhance GABAA receptor-dependent Cl- influx in mature and suppress Cl- efflux in immature neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008573. [PMID: 33465082 PMCID: PMC7845986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of GABAergic transmission on neuronal excitability depends on the Cl--gradient across membranes. However, the Cl--fluxes through GABAA receptors alter the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) and in turn attenuate GABAergic responses, a process termed ionic plasticity. Recently it has been shown that coincident glutamatergic inputs significantly affect ionic plasticity. Yet how the [Cl-]i changes depend on the properties of glutamatergic inputs and their spatiotemporal relation to GABAergic stimuli is unknown. To investigate this issue, we used compartmental biophysical models of Cl- dynamics simulating either a simple ball-and-stick topology or a reconstructed CA3 neuron. These computational experiments demonstrated that glutamatergic co-stimulation enhances GABA receptor-mediated Cl- influx at low and attenuates or reverses the Cl- efflux at high initial [Cl-]i. The size of glutamatergic influence on GABAergic Cl--fluxes depends on the conductance, decay kinetics, and localization of glutamatergic inputs. Surprisingly, the glutamatergic shift in GABAergic Cl--fluxes is invariant to latencies between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs over a substantial interval. In agreement with experimental data, simulations in a reconstructed CA3 pyramidal neuron with physiological patterns of correlated activity revealed that coincident glutamatergic synaptic inputs contribute significantly to the activity-dependent [Cl-]i changes. Whereas the influence of spatial correlation between distributed glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs was negligible, their temporal correlation played a significant role. In summary, our results demonstrate that glutamatergic co-stimulation had a substantial impact on ionic plasticity of GABAergic responses, enhancing the attenuation of GABAergic inhibition in the mature nervous systems, but suppressing GABAergic [Cl-]i changes in the immature brain. Therefore, glutamatergic shift in GABAergic Cl--fluxes should be considered as a relevant factor of short-term plasticity. Information processing in the brain requires that excitation and inhibition are balanced. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). GABA actions depend on the Cl--gradient, but activation of ionotropic GABA receptors causes Cl--fluxes and thus reduces GABAergic inhibition. Here, we investigated how a coincident membrane depolarization by excitatory glutamatergic synapses influences GABA-induced Cl--fluxes using a biophysical compartmental model of Cl- dynamics, simulating either simple or realistic neuron topologies. We demonstrate that glutamatergic co-stimulation directly affects GABA-induced Cl--fluxes, with the size of glutamatergic effects depending on the conductance, the decay kinetics, and localization of glutamatergic inputs. We also show that the glutamatergic shift in GABAergic Cl--fluxes is surprisingly stable over a substantial range of latencies between glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs. We conclude from these results that glutamatergic co-stimulation alters GABAergic Cl--fluxes and in turn affects the strength of GABAergic inhibition. These coincidence-dependent ionic changes should be considered as a relevant factor of short-term plasticity in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Lombardi
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Panaro MA, Benameur T, Porro C. Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Brain Protection: Focus on Oxytocin. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051534. [PMID: 32438751 PMCID: PMC7290962 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is hypothalamic neuropeptide synthetized in the brain by magnocellular and parvo cellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON) and accessory nuclei (AN) of the hypothalamus. OXT acts in the central and peripheral nervous systems via G-protein-coupled receptors. The classical physiological functions of OXT are uterine contractions, the milk ejection reflex during lactation, penile erection and sexual arousal, but recent studies have demonstrated that OXT may have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and regulate immune and anti-inflammatory responses. In the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, microglia are present in an active form and release high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are implicated in the process of neural injury. A promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases involves new therapeutic approaches targeting activated microglia. Recent studies have reported that OXT exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and in the development of correct neural circuitry. The focus of this review is to attribute a new important role of OXT in neuroprotection through the microglia–OXT interaction of immature and adult brains. In addition, we analyzed the strategies that could enhance the delivery of OXT in the brain and amplify its positive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Scheyer AF, Borsoi M, Wager-Miller J, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Murphy MN, Mackie K, Manzoni OJJ. Cannabinoid Exposure via Lactation in Rats Disrupts Perinatal Programming of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Trajectory and Select Early-Life Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:666-677. [PMID: 31653479 PMCID: PMC7056509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis usage is increasing with its widespread legalization. Cannabis use by mothers during lactation transfers active cannabinoids to the developing offspring during this critical period and alters postnatal neurodevelopment. A key neurodevelopmental landmark is the excitatory to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) switch caused by reciprocal changes in expression ratios of the K+/Cl- transporters potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and sodium-potassium-chloride transporter (NKCC1). METHODS Rat dams were treated with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or a synthetic cannabinoid during the first 10 days of postnatal development, and experiments were then conducted in the offspring exposed to these drugs via lactation. The network influence of GABA transmission was analyzed using cell-attached recordings. KCC2 and NKCC1 levels were determined using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Ultrasonic vocalization and homing behavioral experiments were carried out at relevant time points. RESULTS Treating rat dams with cannabinoids during early lactation retards transcriptional upregulation and expression of KCC2, thereby delaying the GABA switch in pups of both sexes. This perturbed trajectory was corrected by the NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide and accompanied by alterations in ultrasonic vocalization without changes in homing behavior. Neurobehavioral deficits were prevented by CB1 receptor antagonism during maternal exposure, showing that the CB1 receptor underlies the cannabinoid-induced alterations. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal how perinatal cannabinoid exposure retards an early milestone of development, delaying the trajectory of GABA's polarity transition and altering early-life communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Scheyer
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University
| | - Milene Borsoi
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University
| | - Jim Wager-Miller
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Service de Psychiatrie, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Timone-Adultes, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Michelle N Murphy
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ken Mackie
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
| | - Olivier J J Manzoni
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Auer T, Schreppel P, Erker T, Schwarzer C. Impaired chloride homeostasis in epilepsy: Molecular basis, impact on treatment, and current treatment approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 205:107422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Behuet S, Cremer JN, Cremer M, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Amunts K. Developmental Changes of Glutamate and GABA Receptor Densities in Wistar Rats. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:100. [PMID: 31920569 PMCID: PMC6933313 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and their receptors are key molecules of signal transduction and subject to various changes during pre- and postnatal development. Previous studies addressed ontogeny at the level of neurotransmitters and expression of neurotransmitter receptor subunits. However, developmental changes in receptor densities to this day are not well understood. Here, we analyzed developmental changes in excitatory glutamate and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in adjacent sections of the rat brain by means of quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. Receptor densities of the ionotropic glutamatergic receptors α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) as well as of the ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors were investigated using specific high-affinity ligands. For each receptor binding site, significant density differences were demonstrated in the investigated regions of interest [olfactory bulb, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum] and developmental stages [postnatal day (P) 0, 10, 20, 30 and 90]. In particular, we showed that the glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor densities were already present between P0 and P10 in all regions of interest, which may indicate the early relevance of these receptors for brain development. A transient increase of glutamatergic receptor densities in the hippocampus was found, indicating their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. We demonstrated a decline of NMDA receptor densities in the striatum and hippocampus from P30 to P90, which could be due to synapse elimination, a process that redefines neuronal networks in postnatal brains. Furthermore, the highest increase in GABAA receptor densities from P10 to P20 coincides with the developmental shift from excitatory to inhibitory GABA transmission. Moreover, the increase from P10 to P20 in GABAA receptor densities in the cerebellum corresponds to a point in time when functional GABAergic synapses are formed. Taken together, the present data reveal differential changes in glutamate and GABA receptor densities during postnatal rat brain development, which may contribute to their specific functions during ontogenesis, thus providing a deeper understanding of brain ontogenesis and receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Behuet
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Cremer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Neuronal Transmembrane Chloride Transport Has a Time-Dependent Influence on Survival of Hippocampal Cultures to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120360. [PMID: 31817665 PMCID: PMC6955658 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ischemia results in chloride gradient alterations which impact the excitatory–inhibitory balance, volume regulation, and neuronal survival. Thus, the Na+/K+/Cl− co-transporter (NKCC1), the K+/ Cl− co-transporter (KCC2), and the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor may represent therapeutic targets in stroke, but a time-dependent effect on neuronal viability could influence the outcome. We, therefore, successively blocked NKCC1, KCC2, and GABAA (with bumetanide, DIOA, and gabazine, respectively) or activated GABAA (with isoguvacine) either during or after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Primary hippocampal cultures were exposed to a 2-h OGD or sham normoxia treatment, and viability was determined using the resazurin assay. Neuronal viability was significantly reduced after OGD, and was further decreased by DIOA treatment applied during OGD (p < 0.01) and by gabazine applied after OGD (p < 0.05). Bumetanide treatment during OGD increased viability (p < 0.05), while isoguvacine applied either during or after OGD did not influence viability. Our data suggests that NKCC1 and KCC2 function has an important impact on neuronal viability during the acute ischemic episode, while the GABAA receptor plays a role during the subsequent recovery period. These findings suggest that pharmacological modulation of transmembrane chloride transport could be a promising approach during stroke and highlight the importance of the timing of treatment application in relation to ischemia-reoxygenation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yuan Y, O'Malley HA, Smaldino MA, Bouza AA, Hull JM, Isom LL. Delayed maturation of GABAergic signaling in the Scn1a and Scn1b mouse models of Dravet Syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6210. [PMID: 30996233 PMCID: PMC6470170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a catastrophic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by severe, pharmacoresistant seizures and the highest risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) of all epilepsy syndromes. Here, we investigated the time course of maturation of neuronal GABAergic signaling in the Scn1b-/- and Scn1a+/- mouse models of DS. We found that GABAergic signaling remains immature in both DS models, with a depolarized reversal potential for GABAA-evoked currents compared to wildtype in the third postnatal week. Treatment of Scn1b-/- mice with bumetanide resulted in a delay in SUDEP onset compared to controls in a subset of mice, without prevention of seizure activity or amelioration of failure to thrive. We propose that delayed maturation of GABAergic signaling may contribute to epileptogenesis in SCN1B- and SCN1A-linked DS. Thus, targeting the polarity of GABAergic signaling in brain may be an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce SUDEP risk in DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5632, USA
| | - Heather A O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5632, USA
| | - Melissa A Smaldino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5632, USA
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Alexandra A Bouza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5632, USA
| | - Jacob M Hull
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2215, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5632, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spoljaric I, Spoljaric A, Mavrovic M, Seja P, Puskarjov M, Kaila K. KCC2-Mediated Cl - Extrusion Modulates Spontaneous Hippocampal Network Events in Perinatal Rats and Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1073-1081.e3. [PMID: 30699338 PMCID: PMC6352714 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally thought that hippocampal neurons of perinatal rats and mice lack transport-functional K-Cl cotransporter KCC2, and that Cl- regulation is dominated by Cl- uptake via the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1. Here, we demonstrate a robust enhancement of spontaneous hippocampal network events (giant depolarizing potentials [GDPs]) by the KCC2 inhibitor VU0463271 in neonatal rats and late-gestation, wild-type mouse embryos, but not in their KCC2-null littermates. VU0463271 increased the depolarizing GABAergic synaptic drive onto neonatal CA3 pyramidal neurons, increasing their spiking probability and synchrony during the rising phase of a GDP. Our data indicate that Cl- extrusion by KCC2 is involved in modulation of GDPs already at their developmental onset during the perinatal period in mice and rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inkeri Spoljaric
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Spoljaric
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Mavrovic
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia Seja
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Puskarjov
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Kuo HY, Liu FC. Molecular Pathology and Pharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Phenotypes Using Rodent Models. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:422. [PMID: 30524240 PMCID: PMC6262306 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with a high prevalence rate. The core symptoms of ASD patients are impaired social communication and repetitive behavior. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to pathophysiology of ASD. Regarding environmental risk factors, it is known that valproic acid (VPA) exposure during pregnancy increases the chance of ASD among offspring. Over a decade of animal model studies have shown that maternal treatment with VPA in rodents recapitulates ASD-like pathophysiology at a molecular, cellular and behavioral level. Here, we review the prevailing theories of ASD pathogenesis, including excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, neurotransmitter dysfunction, dysfunction of mTOR and endocannabinoid signaling pathways, neuroinflammation and epigenetic alterations that have been associated with ASD. We also describe the evidence linking neuropathological changes to ASD-like behavioral abnormalities in maternal VPA-treated rodents. In addition to obtaining an understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms, the VPA-induced ASD-like animal models also serve as a good platform for testing pharmacological reagents that might be use treating ASD. We therefore have summarized the various pharmacological studies that have targeted the classical neurotransmitter systems, the endocannabinoids, the Wnt signal pathway and neuroinflammation. These approaches have been shown to often be able to ameliorate the ASD-like phenotypes induced by maternal VPA treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lombardi A, Jedlicka P, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Giant Depolarizing Potentials Trigger Transient Changes in the Intracellular Cl - Concentration in CA3 Pyramidal Neurons of the Immature Mouse Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:420. [PMID: 30515078 PMCID: PMC6255825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) represent a typical spontaneous activity pattern in the immature hippocampus. GDPs are mediated by GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs and their initiation requires an excitatory GABAergic action, which is typical for immature neurons due to their elevated intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). Because GABAA receptors are ligand-gated Cl- channels, activation of these receptors can potentially influence [Cl-]i. However, whether the GABAergic activity during GDPs influences [Cl-]i is unclear. To address this question we performed whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings from visually identified CA3 pyramidal neurons in immature hippocampal slices of mice at postnatal days 4–7. These experiments revealed that the [Cl-]i of CA3 neurons displays a considerable heterogeneity, ranging from 13 to 70 mM (average 38.1 ± 3.2 mM, n = 36). In accordance with this diverse [Cl-]i, GDPs induced either Cl--effluxes or Cl--influxes. In high [Cl-]i neurons with a negative Cl--driving force (DFCl) the [Cl-]i decreased after a GDP by 12.4 ± 3.4 mM (n = 10), while in low [Cl-]i neurons with a positive DFCl [Cl-]i increased by 4.4 ± 0.9 mM (n = 6). Inhibition of GDP activity by application of the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX led to a [Cl-]i decrease to 24.7 ± 2.9 mM (n = 8). We conclude from these results, that Cl--fluxes via GABAA receptors during GDPs induced substantial [Cl-]i changes and that this activity-dependent ionic plasticity in neuronal [Cl-]i contributes to the functional consequences of GABAergic responses, emphasizing the concept that [Cl-]i is a state- and compartment-dependent parameter of individual cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Lombardi
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bird CW, Taylor DH, Pinkowski NJ, Chavez GJ, Valenzuela CF. Long-term Reductions in the Population of GABAergic Interneurons in the Mouse Hippocampus following Developmental Ethanol Exposure. Neuroscience 2018; 383:60-73. [PMID: 29753864 PMCID: PMC5994377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol leads to a constellation of cognitive and behavioral abnormalities known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Many cell types throughout the central nervous system are negatively impacted by gestational alcohol exposure, including inhibitory, GABAergic interneurons. Little evidence exists, however, describing the long-term impact of fetal alcohol exposure on survival of interneurons within the hippocampal formation, which is critical for learning and memory processes that are impaired in individuals with FASDs. Mice expressing Venus yellow fluorescent protein in inhibitory interneurons were exposed to vaporized ethanol during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation (postnatal days 2-9), and the long-term effects on interneuron numbers were measured using unbiased stereology at P90. In adulthood, interneuron populations were reduced in every hippocampal region examined. Moreover, we found that a single exposure to ethanol at P7 caused robust activation of apoptotic neurodegeneration of interneurons in the hilus, granule cell layer, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These studies demonstrate that developmental ethanol exposure has a long-term impact on hippocampal interneuron survivability, and may provide a mechanism partially explaining deficits in hippocampal function and hippocampus-dependent behaviors in those afflicted with FASDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Bird
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Devin H Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Natalie J Pinkowski
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - G Jill Chavez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arzimanoglou A, D'Cruz O, Nordli D, Shinnar S, Holmes GL. A Review of the New Antiepileptic Drugs for Focal-Onset Seizures in Pediatrics: Role of Extrapolation. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20:249-264. [PMID: 29616471 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-018-0286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) receive regulatory approval for children years after the drug is available in adults, encouraging off-label use of the drug in children and hindering attempts to obtain quality pediatric data in controlled trials. Extrapolating adult efficacy data to pediatrics can reduce the time between approval in adults and that in children. To extrapolate efficacy from adults to children, several assumptions must be supported, such as (1) a similar disease progression and response to interventions in adults and children, and (2) similar exposure response in adults and children. The Pediatric Epilepsy Academic Consortium for Extrapolation (PEACE) addressed these assumptions in focal-onset seizures (FOS), the most common seizure type in both adults and children. PEACE reviewed the biological and clinical evidence that supported the assumptions that children with FOS have a similar disease progression and response to intervention as adults with FOS. After age 2 years, the pathophysiological underpinnings of FOS and the biological milieu in which seizures are initiated and propagated in children, seizure semiology, electroencephalographic features, etiology and AED response to FOS in children are similar to those in adults with FOS. PEACE concluded that extrapolation of efficacy data in adults to pediatrics in FOS is supported by strong scientific and clinical evidence. However, safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) data cannot be extrapolated from adults to children. Based on extrapolation, eslicarbazepine is now approved for children with FOS, down to age 4 years. Perampanel, lacosamide and brivaracetam are now undergoing PK and safety studies for the purposes of extrapolation down to age 2 or 4 years. When done in conjunction with PK and safety investigations in children, extrapolation of adult data from adults to children can reduce the time delay between approval of effective and safe AEDs in adults and approval in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.,Sección Epilepsia, Sueño y Neurofisiología, Servicio Neurología, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O'Neill D'Cruz
- Consulting and Neurological Services, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Nordli
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shlomo Shinnar
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corradini I, Focchi E, Rasile M, Morini R, Desiato G, Tomasoni R, Lizier M, Ghirardini E, Fesce R, Morone D, Barajon I, Antonucci F, Pozzi D, Matteoli M. Maternal Immune Activation Delays Excitatory-to-Inhibitory Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Switch in Offspring. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:680-691. [PMID: 29146047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal infection and neurodevelopmental defects in progeny is well established, although the biological mechanisms and the pathogenic trajectories involved have not been defined. METHODS Pregnant dams were injected intraperitoneally at gestational day 9 with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Neuronal development was assessed by means of electrophysiological, optical, and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid causes an imbalanced expression of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 and the K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2). This results in delayed gamma-aminobutyric acid switch and higher susceptibility to seizures, which endures up to adulthood. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal increased binding of the repressor factor RE1-silencing transcription (also known as neuron-restrictive silencer factor) to position 509 of the KCC2 promoter that leads to downregulation of KCC2 transcription in prenatally exposed offspring. Interleukin-1 receptor type I knockout mice, which display braked immune response and no brain cytokine elevation upon maternal immune activation, do not display KCC2/Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 imbalance when implanted in a wild-type dam and prenatally exposed. Notably, pretreatment of pregnant dams with magnesium sulfate is sufficient to prevent the early inflammatory state and the delay in excitatory-to-inhibitory switch associated to maternal immune activation. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that maternal immune activation hits a key neurodevelopmental process, the excitatory-to-inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid switch; defects in this switch have been unequivocally linked to diseases such as autism spectrum disorder or epilepsy. These data open the avenue for a safe pharmacological treatment that may prevent the neurodevelopmental defects caused by prenatal immune activation in a specific pregnancy time window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Corradini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Focchi
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasile
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Hunimed University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Romana Tomasoni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Lizier
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research - National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Elsa Ghirardini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fesce
- Hunimed University, Rozzano, Italy; Neuroscience Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Insubria University, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Hunimed University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zinni M, Colella M, Batista Novais AR, Baud O, Mairesse J. Modulating the Oxytocin System During the Perinatal Period: A New Strategy for Neuroprotection of the Immature Brain? Front Neurol 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29706926 PMCID: PMC5908892 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neurohypophysal hormone known for its activity during labor and its role in lactation. However, the function of oxytocin (OTX) goes far beyond the peripheral regulation of reproduction, and the central effects of OTX have been extensively investigated, since it has been recognized to influence the learning and memory processes. OTX has also prominent effects on social behavior, anxiety, and autism. Interaction between glucocorticoids, OTX, and maternal behavior may have long-term effects on the developmental program of the developing brain subjected to adverse events during pre and perinatal periods. OTX treatment in humans improves many aspects of social cognition and behavior. Its effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and inflammation appear to be of interest in neonates because these properties may confer benefits when the perinatal brain has been subjected to injury. Indeed, early life inflammation and abnormal adrenal response to stress have been associated with an abnormal white matter development. Recent investigations demonstrated that OTX is involved in the modulation of microglial reactivity in the developing brain. This review recapitulates state-of-the art data supporting the hypothesis that the OTX system could be considered as an innovative candidate for neuroprotection, especially in the immature brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zinni
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marina Colella
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Aline Rideau Batista Novais
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Neonatology, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Mairesse
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Veras AB, Getz M, Froemke RC, Nardi AE, Alves GS, Walsh-Messinger J, Chao MV, Kranz TM, Malaspina D. Rare missense coding variants in oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in schizophrenia cases are associated with early trauma exposure, cognition and emotional processing. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:58-64. [PMID: 29190530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that influences the integration of social cognition with behavior and affect regulation. Oxytocin also prominently directs the transition of neuronal GABA neurotransmission from excitatory to inhibitory after birth. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is linked to schizophrenia, a heterogeneous syndrome. Relationships of OXTR polymorphisms with specific clinical features could aid in evaluating any role of oxytocin in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHOD Schizophrenia cases with rare missense coding OXTR single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified from a well-characterized sample of cases and controls who were assessed for symptoms, cognition and early life trauma. RESULTS Five of 48 cases showed rare OXTR variants. Compared to the other cases they had less severe negative symptoms (deficits in emotional expression and motivation) and less severe general psychopathology scores (depression and anxiety). They demonstrated lower nonverbal (performance) than verbal intelligence due to deficient perceptual organization and slow processing speed. They also reported greater early trauma exposure (physical and sexual abuse and emotional trauma). CONCLUSION Cases carrying rare OXTR SNVs had less negative and affective symptoms than other cases, but similar psychotic symptoms, along with specific cognitive deficits. The clinical characterization of these cases occurred in association with environmental exposure to early trauma, especially sexual abuse, which may have influenced the expression of schizophrenia in subjects harboring specific SNVs in the OXTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre B Veras
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LabPR-UFRJ), Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mara Getz
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LabPR-UFRJ), Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Julie Walsh-Messinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University, NY, USA; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sintsov M, Suchkov D, Khazipov R, Minlebaev M. Developmental Changes in Sensory-Evoked Optical Intrinsic Signals in the Rat Barrel Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:392. [PMID: 29311827 PMCID: PMC5733043 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical Intrinsic Signal imaging (OISi) is a powerful technique for optical brain studies. OIS mainly reflects the hemodynamic response (HR) and metabolism, but it may also involve changes in tissue light scattering (LS) caused by transient cellular swelling in the active tissue. Here, we explored the developmental features of sensory-evoked OIS in the rat barrel cortex during the first 3 months after birth. Multispectral OISi revealed that two temporally distinct components contribute to the neonatal OIS: an early phase of LS followed by a late phase of HR. The contribution of LS to the early response was also evidenced by an increase in light transmission through the active barrel. The early OIS phase correlated in time and amplitude with the sensory-evoked electrophysiological response. Application of the Modified Beer-Lambert Law (MBLL) to the OIS data revealed that HR during the early phase involved only a slight decrease in blood oxygenation without any change in blood volume. In contrast, HR during the late phase manifested an adult-like increase in blood volume and oxygenation. During development, the peak time of the delayed HR progressively shortened with age, nearly reaching the stimulus onset and overlapping with the early LS phase by the fourth postnatal week. Thus, LS contributes to the sensory-evoked OIS in the barrel cortex of rats at all ages, and it dominates the early OIS phase in neonatal rats due to delayed HR. Our results are also consistent with the delayed blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in human preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Sintsov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Suchkov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rustem Khazipov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,INMED-INSERM U901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marat Minlebaev
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,INMED-INSERM U901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vasopressin excites interneurons to suppress hippocampal network activity across a broad span of brain maturity at birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10819-E10828. [PMID: 29183979 PMCID: PMC5740624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717337114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During birth in mammals, a pronounced surge of fetal peripheral stress hormones takes place to promote survival in the transition to the extrauterine environment. However, it is not known whether the hormonal signaling involves central pathways with direct protective effects on the perinatal brain. Here, we show that arginine vasopressin specifically activates interneurons to suppress spontaneous network events in the perinatal hippocampus. Experiments done on the altricial rat and precocial guinea pig neonate demonstrated that the effect of vasopressin is not dependent on the level of maturation (depolarizing vs. hyperpolarizing) of postsynaptic GABAA receptor actions. Thus, the fetal mammalian brain is equipped with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism well-suited to suppress energetically expensive correlated network events under conditions of reduced oxygen supply at birth.
Collapse
|
35
|
NMDA Receptors as Voltage Sensors. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28986880 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The membrane potential is an essential parameter of a living cell. However, measurements of the membrane potential using conventional techniques are associated with a number of artifacts. Cell-attached recordings of the currents through NMDA receptor channels enable noninvasive measurements of the neuronal membrane potential. This approach overcomes the problem of a leak conductance introduced during intracellular sharp electrode recordings and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Here, we describe the procedures of using cell-attached recordings of NMDA receptor channels to measure the true membrane potential.
Collapse
|
36
|
An Optogenetic Approach for Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Network GABA Actions in Mice Expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5961-73. [PMID: 27251618 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3482-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To investigate excitatory and inhibitory GABA actions in cortical neuronal networks, we present a novel optogenetic approach using a mouse knock-in line with conditional expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in GABAergic interneurons. During whole-cell recordings from hippocampal and neocortical slices from postnatal day (P) 2-P15 mice, photostimulation caused depolarization and excitation of interneurons and evoked barrages of postsynaptic GABAergic currents. Excitatory/inhibitory GABA actions on pyramidal cells were assessed by monitoring the alteration in the frequency of EPSCs during photostimulation of interneurons. We found that in slices from P2-P8 mice, photostimulation evoked an increase in EPSC frequency, whereas in P9-P15 mice the response switched to a reduction in EPSC frequency, indicating a developmental excitatory-to-inhibitory switch in GABA actions on glutamatergic neurons. Using a similar approach in urethane-anesthetized animals in vivo, we found that photostimulation of interneurons reduces EPSC frequency at ages P3-P9. Thus, expression of ChR2 in GABAergic interneurons of mice enables selective photostimulation of interneurons during the early postnatal period, and these mice display a developmental excitatory-to-inhibitory switch in GABA action in cortical slices in vitro, but so far show mainly inhibitory GABA actions on spontaneous EPSCs in the immature hippocampus and neocortex in vivo SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report a novel optogenetic approach for investigating excitatory and inhibitory GABA actions in mice with conditional expression of channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic interneurons. This approach shows a developmental excitatory-to-inhibitory switch in the actions of GABA on glutamatergic neurons in neocortical and hippocampal slices from neonatal mouse pups in vitro, but also reveals inhibitory GABA actions in the neonatal mouse neocortex and hippocampus in vivo.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bode C, Richter F, Spröte C, Brigadski T, Bauer A, Fietz S, Fritschy JM, Richter A. Altered postnatal maturation of striatal GABAergic interneurons in a phenotypic animal model of dystonia. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:44-53. [PMID: 27780732 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic disinhibition has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of several basal ganglia disorders, including dystonia, a common movement disorder. Previous studies have shown a deficit of striatal GABAergic interneurons (IN) in the dtsz mutant hamster, one of the few phenotypic animal models of dystonia. However, mechanisms underlying this deficit are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the migration and maturation of striatal IN during postnatal development (18days of age) and at age of highest severity of dystonia (33days of age) in this hamster model. In line with previous findings, the density of GAD67-positive IN and the level of parvalbumin mRNA, a marker for fast spiking GABAergic IN, were lower in the dtsz mutant than in control hamsters. However, an unaltered density of Nkx2.1 labeled cells and Nkx2.1 mRNA level suggested that the migration of GABAergic IN into the striatum was not retarded. Therefore, different factors that indicate maturation of GABAergic IN were determined. While mRNA of the KCC2 cation/chloride transporters and the cytosolic carboanhydrase VII, used as markers for the so called GABA switch, as well as BDNF were unaltered, we found a reduced number of IN expressing the alpha1 subunit of the GABAA-receptor (37.5%) in dtsz hamsters at an age of 33days, but not after spontaneous remission of dystonia at an age of 90days. Since IN shift expression from alpha2 to alpha1 subunits during postnatal maturation, this result together with a decreased parvalbumin mRNA expression suggest a delayed maturation of striatal GABAergic IN in this animal model, which might underlie abnormal neuronal activity and striatal plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bode
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christine Spröte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molecular Basis of Oxytocin Receptor Signalling in the Brain: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2017; 35:3-29. [PMID: 28812263 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2017_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT), a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in regulating the social behaviour of all vertebrates, has been proposed as a treatment for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by deficits in the social domain. Over the last few decades, advances focused on understanding the social effects of OT and its role in physiological conditions and brain diseases, but much less has been done to clarify the molecular cascade of events involved in mediating such effects and in particular the cellular and molecular pharmacology of OT and its target receptor (OTR) in neuronal and glial cells.The entity and persistence of OT activity in the brain is closely related to the expression and regulation of the OTR expressed on the cell surface, which transmits the signal intracellularly and permits OT to affect cell function. Understanding the various signalling mechanisms mediating OTR-induced cell responses is crucial to determine the different responses in different cells and brain regions, and the success of OT and OT-derived analogues in the treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases depends on how well we can control such responses. In this review, we will consider the most important aspects of OT/OTR signalling by focusing on the molecular events involved in OT binding and coupling, on the main signalling pathways activated by the OTR in neuronal cells and on intracellular and plasma membrane OTR trafficking, all of which contribute to the quantitative and qualitative features of OT responses in the brain.
Collapse
|
39
|
Riffault B, Kourdougli N, Dumon C, Ferrand N, Buhler E, Schaller F, Chambon C, Rivera C, Gaiarsa JL, Porcher C. Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (proBDNF)-Mediated p75NTR Activation Promotes Depolarizing Actions of GABA and Increases Susceptibility to Epileptic Seizures. Cereb Cortex 2016; 28:510-527. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Riffault
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Nazim Kourdougli
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Camille Dumon
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Chambon
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, NIA, UMR 7260 CNRS, 13331 cedex 03, Marseille, France
| | - Claudio Rivera
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Glykys J, Staley KJ. Developmental Decrease of Neuronal Chloride Concentration Is Independent of Trauma in Thalamocortical Brain Slices. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158012. [PMID: 27337272 PMCID: PMC4919081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intraneuronal chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) is paramount for determining the polarity of signaling at GABAA synapses in the central nervous system. Sectioning hippocampal brain slices increases [Cl-]i in the superficial layers. It is not known whether cutting trauma also increases [Cl-]i in the neocortex and thalamus, and whether the effects of trauma change during development. We used Cl- imaging to study the [Cl-]i vs. the distance from the cut surface in acute thalamocortical slices from mice at developmental ages ranging from post-natal day 5 (P5) to P20. We demonstrate: 1) [Cl-]i is higher in the most superficial areas in both neocortical and thalamic brain slices at all ages tested and, 2) there is a developmental decrease in [Cl-]i that is independent of acute trauma caused by brain slicing. We conclude that [Cl-]i has a developmental progression during P5-20 in both the neocortex and thalamus. However, in both brain regions and during development the neurons closest to the slicing trauma have an elevated [Cl-]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Glykys
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin J. Staley
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leonzino M, Busnelli M, Antonucci F, Verderio C, Mazzanti M, Chini B. The Timing of the Excitatory-to-Inhibitory GABA Switch Is Regulated by the Oxytocin Receptor via KCC2. Cell Rep 2016; 15:96-103. [PMID: 27052180 PMCID: PMC4826440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin and its receptor (Oxtr) play a crucial role in the postnatal transition of neuronal GABA neurotransmission from excitatory to inhibitory, a developmental process known as the GABA switch. Using hippocampal neurons from Oxtr-null mice, we show that (1) Oxtr is necessary for the correct timing of the GABA switch by upregulating activity of the chloride cotransporter KCC2, (2) Oxtr, in a very early and narrow time window, directly modulates the functional activity of KCC2 by promoting its phosphorylation and insertion/stabilization at the neuronal surface, and (3) in the absence of Oxtr, electrophysiological alterations are recorded in mature neurons, a finding consistent with a reduced level of KCC2 and increased susceptibility to seizures observed in adult Oxtr-null mice. These data identify KCC2 as a key target of oxytocin in postnatal events that may be linked to pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Leonzino
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan 20129, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Marta Busnelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Claudia Verderio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan 20129, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Bice Chini
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan 20129, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Glykys J, Staley KJ. Diazepam effect during early neonatal development correlates with neuronal Cl(.). Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:1055-70. [PMID: 26734658 PMCID: PMC4693588 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although benzodiazepines and other GABAA receptors allosteric modulators are used to treat neonatal seizures, their efficacy may derive from actions on subcortical structures. Side effects of benzodiazepines in nonseizing human neonates include myoclonus, seizures, and abnormal movements. Excitatory actions of GABA may underlie both side effects and reduced anticonvulsant activity of benzodiazepines. Neocortical organotypic slice cultures were used to study: (1) spontaneous cortical epileptiform activity during early development; (2) developmental changes in [Cl−]i and (3) whether diazepam's anticonvulsant effect correlated with neuronal [Cl−]i. Methods Epileptiform activity in neocortical organotypic slice cultures was measured by field potential recordings. Cl− changes during development were assessed by multiphoton imaging of neurons transgenically expressing a Cl‐sensitive fluorophore. Clinically relevant concentrations of diazepam were used to test the anticonvulsant effectiveness at ages corresponding to premature neonates through early infancy. Results (1) Neocortical organotypic slices at days in vitro 5 (DIV5) exhibited spontaneous epileptiform activity. (2) Epileptiform event duration decreased with age. (3) There was a progressive decrease in [Cl−]i over the same age range. (4) Diazepam was ineffective in decreasing epileptiform activity at DIV5‐6, but progressively more effective at older ages through DIV15. (5) At DIV5‐6, diazepam worsened epileptiform activity in 50% of the slices. Interpretation The neocortical organotypic slice is a useful model to study spontaneous epileptiform activity. Decreasing [Cl−]i during development correlates with decreasing duration of spontaneous epileptiform activity and increasing anticonvulsant efficacy of diazepam. We provide a potential explanation for the reports of seizures and myoclonus induction by benzodiazepines in newborn human neonates and the limited electrographic efficacy of benzodiazepines for the treatment of neonatal seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Glykys
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kevin J Staley
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kirmse K, Kummer M, Kovalchuk Y, Witte OW, Garaschuk O, Holthoff K. GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7750. [PMID: 26177896 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence from in vitro studies suggests that GABA is depolarizing during early postnatal development. However, the mode of GABA action in the intact developing brain is unknown. Here we examine the in vivo effects of GABA in cells of the upper cortical plate using a combination of electrophysiological and Ca(2+)-imaging techniques. We report that at postnatal days (P) 3-4, GABA depolarizes the majority of immature neurons in the occipital cortex of anaesthetized mice. At the same time, GABA does not efficiently activate voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and fails to induce action potential firing. Blocking GABA(A) receptors disinhibits spontaneous network activity, whereas allosteric activation of GABA(A) receptors has the opposite effect. In summary, our data provide evidence that in vivo GABA acts as a depolarizing neurotransmitter imposing an inhibitory control on network activity in the neonatal (P3-4) neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut Kirmse
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kummer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Knut Holthoff
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tsintsadze V, Minlebaev M, Suchkov D, Cunningham MO, Khazipov R. Ontogeny of kainate-induced gamma oscillations in the rat CA3 hippocampus in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:195. [PMID: 26041996 PMCID: PMC4438719 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition, which is instrumental in the generation of hippocampal gamma oscillations, undergoes significant changes during development. However, the development of hippocampal gamma oscillations remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the developmental features of kainate-induced oscillations (KA-Os) in CA3 region of rat hippocampal slices. Up to postnatal day P5, the bath application of kainate failed to evoke any detectable oscillations. KA-Os emerged by the end of the first postnatal week; these were initially weak, slow (20-25 Hz, beta range) and were poorly synchronized with CA3 units and synaptic currents. Local field potential (LFP) power, synchronization of units and frequency of KA-Os increased during the second postnatal week to attain gamma (30-40 Hz) frequency by P15-21. Both beta and gamma KA-Os are characterized by alternating sinks and sources in the pyramidal cell layer, likely generated by summation of the action potential-associated currents and GABAergic synaptic currents, respectively. Blockade of GABA(A) receptors with gabazine completely suppressed KA-Os at all ages indicating that GABAergic mechanisms are instrumental in their generation. Bumetanide, a NKCC1 chloride co-transporter antagonist which renders GABAergic responses inhibitory in the immature hippocampal neurons, failed to induce KA-Os at P2-4 indicating that the absence of KA-Os in neonates is not due to depolarizing actions of GABA. The linear developmental profile, electrographic features and pharmacological properties indicate that CA3 hippocampal beta and gamma KA-Os are fundamentally similar in their generative mechanisms and their delayed onset and developmental changes likely reflect the development of perisomatic GABAergic inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tsintsadze
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Marat Minlebaev
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Dimitry Suchkov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Mark O Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roustem Khazipov
- INMED, INSERM U-901 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fritschy JM. Significance of GABAA Receptor Heterogeneity. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS OF GABA RECEPTORS: A TRIBUTE TO HANNS MÖHLER, PART B 2015; 73:13-39. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
46
|
Khazipov R, Valeeva G, Khalilov I. Depolarizing GABA and developmental epilepsies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:83-91. [PMID: 25438879 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in development, GABA, which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult brain, depolarizes immature neurons and exerts dual--excitatory and shunting/inhibitory--effects in the developing neuronal networks. The present review discusses some general questions, including the properties of excitation at depolarizing GABAergic synapse and shunting inhibition by depolarizing GABA; technical issues in exploration of depolarizing GABA using various techniques and preparations, including the developmental aspects of traumatic injury and what is known (or rather unknown) on the actions of GABA in vivo; complex roles of depolarizing GABA in developmental epilepsies, including a contribution of depolarizing GABA to enhanced excitability in the immature networks, caused by repetitive seizures accumulation of intracellular chloride concentration that increases excitatory GABA power and its synchronizing proconvulsive effects, and correction of chloride homeostasis as a potential strategy to treat neonatal seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roustem Khazipov
- INMED-INSERM U901, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Glycine transporter-1 controls nonsynaptic inhibitory actions of glycine receptors in the neonatal rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10003-9. [PMID: 25057202 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0075-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although functional glycinergic synapses have not been identified in the hippocampus, neurons in this area express Cl(-) permeable extrasynaptic glycine receptors (GlyRs). In experiments on CA3 pyramidal neurons on postnatal day 0-6 rat hippocampal slices, we detected robust GlyR activity as a tonic current and as single-channel events. Glycine release was independent of neuronal activity or extracellular Ca(2+). The endogenous GlyR activity was strongly enhanced by inhibition of the glycine-transporter-1 (GlyT1). Blockade of GlyT1 also caused a profound increase in the baseline current induced by exogenous glycine. Inhibition of GlyT1 reduced the frequency of spontaneous network events known as field giant depolarizing potentials (fGDPs) and of the unit activity in the absence of synaptic transmission. This inhibitory action on fGDPs was mimicked by applying 2 μm glycine or 0.1 μm isoguvacine, a GABAA-receptor agonist. Furthermore, 2 μm glycine suppressed unit spiking in the absence of synaptic transmission. Hence, despite the well known depolarizing Cl(-) equilibrium potential of neonatal hippocampal neurons, physiologically relevant extracellular glycine concentrations can exert an inhibitory action. The present data show that, akin to GABA uptake, GlyT1 exerts a powerful modulatory action on network events in the newborn hippocampus.
Collapse
|
48
|
The GABA excitatory/inhibitory developmental sequence: a personal journey. Neuroscience 2014; 279:187-219. [PMID: 25168736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is talkative but its language is not that of the adult. Most if not all voltage and transmitter-gated ionic currents follow a developmental sequence and network-driven patterns differ in immature and adult brains. This is best illustrated in studies engaged almost three decades ago in which we observed elevated intracellular chloride (Cl(-))i levels and excitatory GABA early during development and a perinatal excitatory/inhibitory shift. This sequence is observed in a wide range of brain structures and animal species suggesting that it has been conserved throughout evolution. It is mediated primarily by a developmentally regulated expression of the NKCC1 and KCC2 chloride importer and exporter respectively. The GABAergic depolarization acts in synergy with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated and voltage-gated calcium currents to enhance intracellular calcium exerting trophic effects on neuritic growth, migration and synapse formation. These sequences can be deviated in utero by genetic or environmental insults leading to a persistence of immature features in the adult brain. This "neuroarcheology" concept paves the way to novel therapeutic perspectives based on the use of drugs that block immature but not adult currents. This is illustrated notably with the return to immature high levels of chloride and excitatory actions of GABA observed in many pathological conditions. This is due to the fact that in the immature brain a down regulation of KCC2 and an up regulation of NKCC1 are seen. Here, I present a personal history of how an unexpected observation led to novel concepts in developmental neurobiology and putative treatments of autism and other developmental disorders. Being a personal account, this review is neither exhaustive nor provides an update of this topic with all the studies that have contributed to this evolution. We all rely on previous inventors to allow science to advance. Here, I present a personal summary of this topic primarily to illustrate why we often fail to comprehend the implications of our own observations. They remind us - and policy deciders - why Science cannot be programed, requiring time, and risky investigations that raise interesting questions before being translated from bench to bed. Discoveries are always on sideways, never on highways.
Collapse
|
49
|
Luhmann HJ, Kilb W, Clusmann H. Malformations of cortical development and neocortical focus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 114:35-61. [PMID: 25078498 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-418693-4.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developmental neocortical malformations resulting from abnormal neurogenesis, disturbances in programmed cell death, or neuronal migration disorders may cause a long-term hyperexcitability. Early generated Cajal-Retzius and subplate neurons play important roles in transient cortical circuits, and structural/functional disorders in early cortical development may induce persistent network disturbances and epileptic disorders. In particular, depolarizing GABAergic responses are important for the regulation of neurodevelopmental events, like neurogenesis or migration, while pathophysiological alterations in chloride homeostasis may cause epileptic activity. Although modern imaging techniques may provide an estimate of the structural lesion, the site and extent of the cortical malformation may not correlate with the epileptogenic zone. The neocortical focus may be surrounded by widespread molecular, structural, and functional disturbances, which are difficult to recognize with imaging technologies. However, modern imaging and electrophysiological techniques enable focused hypotheses of the neocortical epileptogenic zone, thus allowing more specific epilepsy surgery. Focal cortical malformation can be successfully removed with minimal rim, close to or even within eloquent cortex with a promising risk-benefit ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kilb W, Kirischuk S, Luhmann HJ. Role of tonic GABAergic currents during pre- and early postnatal rodent development. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:139. [PMID: 24027498 PMCID: PMC3760143 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades it became evident that the GABAergic system plays an essential role for the development of the central nervous system, by influencing the proliferation of neuronal precursors, neuronal migration and differentiation, as well as by controlling early activity patterns and thus formation of neuronal networks. GABA controls neuronal development via depolarizing membrane responses upon activation of ionotropic GABA receptors. However, many of these effects occur before the onset of synaptic GABAergic activity and thus require the presence of extrasynaptic tonic currents in neuronal precursors and immature neurons. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the role of tonic GABAergic currents during early brain development. In this review we compare the temporal sequence of the expression and functional relevance of different GABA receptor subunits, GABA synthesizing enzymes and GABA transporters. We also refer to other possible endogenous agonists of GABAA receptors. In addition, we describe functional consequences mediated by the GABAergic system during early developmental periods and discuss current models about the origin of extrasynaptic GABA and/or other endogenous GABAergic agonists during early developmental states. Finally, we present evidence that tonic GABAergic activity is also critically involved in the generation of physiological as well as pathophysiological activity patterns before and after the establishment of functional GABAergic synaptic connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|