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Woods C, Wang G, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons following angiotensin II infusion. NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2024:105825. [PMID: 39097233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
There is evidence that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) influences autonomic processes coordinated within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), however, the signaling mechanisms subserving TNFα's actions in this brain area are unclear. In non-neuronal cell types, TNFα has been shown to play an important role in canonical NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules also known to be critically involved in hypertension. However, little is known about the role of TNFα in NOX2-dependent ROS production in the PVN within the context of hypertension. Using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy and dihydroethidium microfluorography, we provide structural and functional evidence for interactions between TNFα and NOX2 in the PVN. The TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), the major mediator of TNFα signaling in the PVN, was commonly co-localized with the catalytic gp91phox subunit of NOX2 in postsynaptic sites of PVN neurons. Additionally, there was an increase in dual labeled dendritic profiles following fourteen-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Using dihydroethidium (DHE) microfluorography, it was also shown that TNFα application resulted in a NOX2-dependent increase in ROS in isolated PVN neurons projecting to the spinal cord. Further, TNFα-mediated ROS production was heightened after AngII infusion. The finding that TNFR1 and gp91phox are positioned for rapid interactions, particularly in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons, provides a molecular substrate by which inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress may jointly contribute to AngII hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065; Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York NY 10065
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.
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2
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Martynyuk T, Ricard J, Bracchi-Ricard V, Price S, McGrath J, Dougherty K, Tom V, Bethea JR. Mitigating sTNF/TNFR1 activation on VGluT2+ spinal cord interneurons improves immune function after mid-thoracic spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602690. [PMID: 39026822 PMCID: PMC11257617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with 250,000 to 500,000 new cases globally each year. Respiratory infections, e.g., pneumonia and influenza are the leading cause of death after SCI. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of how altered neuro-immune communication impacts an individual's outcome to infection. In humans and rodents, SCI leads to maladaptive changes in the spinal-sympathetic reflex (SSR) circuit which is crucial to sympathetic function. The cause of the impaired immune function may be related to harmful neuroinflammation which is detrimental to homeostatic neuronal function, aberrant plasticity, and hyperexcitable circuits. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the CNS after SCI and remains elevated for several months after injury. By pharmacologically attenuating sTNF in the CNS after SCI we were able to demonstrate improved immune function. Furthermore, when we investigated the specific cellular population which may be involved in altered neuro-immune communication we reported that excessive TNFR1 activity on excitatory INs promotes immune dysfunction. Furthermore, this observation is NF-κB dependent in VGluT2+ INs. Our data is the first report of a target within the CNS, TNFR1, that contributes to SCI-induced immune dysfunction after T9-SCI and is a potential avenue for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Ricard
- Drexel University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Samuel Price
- Drexel University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenna McGrath
- Drexel University, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kimberly Dougherty
- Drexel University, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Veronica Tom
- Drexel University, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Drexel University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA
- George Washington University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Washington D.C
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3
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Badoiu SC, Enescu DM, Tatar R, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Greabu M, Coricovac AM, Badoiu SE, Jinga V. Adipokines-A Cohort Prospective Study in Children with Severe Burns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 25:7630. [PMID: 39062875 PMCID: PMC11277113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Burns generate every year an important burden of morbidity, being a major global public health problem through prolonged hospitalization, complications, and increased mortality. This study's purpose was to evaluate the serum levels of three adipokines and to establish significant correlations with other circulating molecules and with some clinical parameters. We evaluated 32 children with severe burns (over 25% total burned surface area-TBSA) at 48 h, day 10, and day 21 post burn, and 21 controls. The serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (among nine other biochemical parameters) were detected by Multiplex technique. Significant statistical differences were obtained for resistin and leptin compared to the control group, in different moments of measurements. Adiponectin serum levels presented statistically significant correlations with hot liquid mechanism of burn, the Revised Baux score, TBSA, resistin, PAI-1, CRP, TNF-α, and triglycerides (TGLs) serum levels. Resistin serum levels presented statistically significant correlations with adiponectin, CRP, PAI-1, leptin, and TNF-α. Additionally, we found statistically significant correlations between leptin serum levels and length of hospitalization, TNF-α, resistin, adiponectin, and PAI-1 serum levels. In severely burned children, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin specifically correlate with clinical parameters and with proteins involved in the systemic inflammatory response and the hypermetabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Life Memorial Hospital, 365 Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Mircea Enescu
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.E.); (R.T.)
| | - Raluca Tatar
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.E.); (R.T.)
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Magdalena Coricovac
- Discipline of Embriology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvia Elena Badoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Rößler N, Smilovic D, Vuksic M, Jedlicka P, Deller T. Maintenance of Lognormal-Like Skewed Dendritic Spine Size Distributions in Dentate Granule Cells of TNF, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, and TNF-R1/2-Deficient Mice. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2024; 532:e25645. [PMID: 38943486 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are sites of synaptic plasticity and their head size correlates with the strength of the corresponding synapse. We recently showed that the distribution of spine head sizes follows a lognormal-like distribution even after blockage of activity or plasticity induction. As the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) influences synaptic transmission and constitutive TNF and receptor (TNF-R)-deficiencies cause changes in spine head size distributions, we tested whether these genetic alterations disrupt the lognormality of spine head sizes. Furthermore, we distinguished between spines containing the actin-modulating protein synaptopodin (SP-positive), which is present in large, strong and stable spines and those lacking it (SP-negative). Our analysis revealed that neither TNF-deficiency nor the absence of TNF-R1, TNF-R2 or TNF-R 1 and 2 (TNF-R1/R2) degrades the general lognormal-like, skewed distribution of spine head sizes (all spines, SP-positive spines, SP-negative spines). However, TNF, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2-deficiency affected the width of the lognormal distribution, and TNF-R1/2-deficiency shifted the distribution to the left. Our findings demonstrate the robustness of the lognormal-like, skewed distribution, which is maintained even in the face of genetic manipulations that alter the distribution of spine head sizes. Our observations are in line with homeostatic adaptation mechanisms of neurons regulating the distribution of spines and their head sizes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Mice
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Dentate Gyrus/metabolism
- Dentate Gyrus/cytology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Neurons/metabolism
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/deficiency
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rößler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Computer-Based Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dinko Smilovic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Vuksic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Computer-Based Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Van Hook MJ, McCool S. Enhanced Synaptic Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Geniculate Nucleus in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. ENEURO 2024; 11:ENEURO.0263-24.2024. [PMID: 38937109 PMCID: PMC11242868 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0263-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) triggers glaucoma by damaging the output neurons of the retina called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This leads to the loss of RGC signaling to visual centers of the brain such as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for processing and relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. In response to altered levels of activity or synaptic input, neurons can homeostatically modulate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor numbers, allowing them to scale their synaptic responses to stabilize spike output. While prior work has indicated unaltered glutamate receptor properties in the glaucomatous dLGN, it is unknown whether glaucoma impacts dLGN inhibition. Here, using DBA/2J mice, which develop elevated IOP beginning at 6-7 months of age, we tested whether the strength of inhibitory synapses on dLGN thalamocortical relay neurons is altered in response to the disease state. We found an enhancement of feedforward disynaptic inhibition arising from local interneurons along with increased amplitude of quantal inhibitory synaptic currents. A combination of immunofluorescence staining for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-α1 receptor subunit, peak-scaled nonstationary fluctuation analysis, and measures of homeostatic synaptic scaling pointed to an ∼1.4-fold increase in GABA receptors at postsynaptic inhibitory synapses, although several pieces of evidence indicate a nonuniform scaling across inhibitory synapses within individual relay neurons. Together, these results indicate an increase in inhibitory synaptic strength in the glaucomatous dLGN, potentially pointing toward homeostatic compensation for disruptions in network and neuronal function triggered by increased IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shaylah McCool
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
- Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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6
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Kemmo Tsafack U, Ahn KW, Kwitek AE, Lin CW. Meta-Analytic Gene-Clustering Algorithm for Integrating Multi-Omics and Multi-Study Data. BIOENGINEERING 2024; 11:587. [PMID: 38927823 PMCID: PMC11201102 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Gene pathways and gene-regulatory networks are used to describe the causal relationship between genes, based on biological experiments. However, many genes are still to be studied to define novel pathways. To address this, a gene-clustering algorithm has been used to group correlated genes together, based on the similarity of their gene expression level. The existing methods cluster genes based on only one type of omics data, which ignores the information from other types. A large sample size is required to achieve an accurate clustering structure for thousands of genes, which can be challenging due to the cost of multi-omics data. Meta-analysis has been used to aggregate the data from multiple studies and improve the analysis results. We propose a computationally efficient meta-analytic gene-clustering algorithm that combines multi-omics datasets from multiple studies, using the fixed effects linear models and a modified weighted correlation network analysis framework. The simulation study shows that the proposed method outperforms existing single omic-based clustering approaches when multi-omics data and/or multiple studies are available. A real data example demonstrates that our meta-analytic method outperforms single-study based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kemmo Tsafack
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (U.K.T.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Kwang Woo Ahn
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (U.K.T.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Rat Genome Database, MCW, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (U.K.T.); (C.-W.L.)
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7
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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. PURINERGIC SIGNALLING 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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8
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Kostin A, Alam MA, Saevskiy A, Alam MN. Chronic Astrocytic TNFα Production in the Preoptic-Basal Forebrain Causes Aging-like Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Young Mice. CELLS 2024; 13:894. [PMID: 38891027 PMCID: PMC11171867 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disruption is a frequent problem of advancing age, often accompanied by low-grade chronic central and peripheral inflammation. We examined whether chronic neuroinflammation in the preoptic and basal forebrain area (POA-BF), a critical sleep-wake regulatory structure, contributes to this disruption. We developed a targeted viral vector designed to overexpress tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), specifically in astrocytes (AAV5-GFAP-TNFα-mCherry), and injected it into the POA of young mice to induce heightened neuroinflammation within the POA-BF. Compared to the control (treated with AAV5-GFAP-mCherry), mice with astrocytic TNFα overproduction within the POA-BF exhibited signs of increased microglia activation, indicating a heightened local inflammatory milieu. These mice also exhibited aging-like changes in sleep-wake organization and physical performance, including (a) impaired sleep-wake functions characterized by disruptions in sleep and waking during light and dark phases, respectively, and a reduced ability to compensate for sleep loss; (b) dysfunctional VLPO sleep-active neurons, indicated by fewer neurons expressing c-fos after suvorexant-induced sleep; and (c) compromised physical performance as demonstrated by a decline in grip strength. These findings suggest that inflammation-induced dysfunction of sleep- and wake-regulatory mechanisms within the POA-BF may be a critical component of sleep-wake disturbances in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kostin
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA; (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Md. Aftab Alam
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA; (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Anton Saevskiy
- Scientific Research and Technology Center for Neurotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Md. Noor Alam
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA; (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
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9
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Heir R, Abbasi Z, Komal P, Altimimi HF, Franquin M, Moschou D, Chambon J, Stellwagen D. Astrocytes Are the Source of TNF Mediating Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 44:e2278222024. [PMID: 38395613 PMCID: PMC10993029 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2278-22.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) in response to chronic activity blockade, and prior work has established that it is released from glia. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes are the necessary source of TNF during HSP. Hippocampal cultures from rats of both sexes depleted of microglia still will increase TNF levels following activity deprivation and still express TTX-driven HSP. Slice cultures from mice of either sex with a conditional deletion of TNF from microglia also express HSP, but critically, slice cultures with a conditional deletion of TNF from astrocytes do not. In astrocytes, glutamate signaling is sufficient to reduce NFκB signaling and TNF mRNA levels. Further, chronic TTX treatment increases TNF in an NFκB-dependent manner, although NFκB signaling is dispensable for the neuronal response to TTX-driven HSP. Thus, astrocytes can sense neuronal activity through glutamate spillover and increase TNF production when activity falls, to drive HSP through the production of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Heir
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Zahra Abbasi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Haider F Altimimi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Marie Franquin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Dionysia Moschou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Julien Chambon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
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10
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Van Hook MJ, McCool S. Nonuniform scaling of synaptic inhibition in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus in a mouse model of glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587036. [PMID: 38586044 PMCID: PMC10996666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) triggers glaucoma by damaging the output neurons of the retina called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This leads to the loss of RGC signaling to visual centers of the brain such as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for processing and relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. In response to altered levels of activity or synaptic input, neurons can homeostatically modulate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor numbers, allowing them to scale their synaptic responses to stabilize spike output. While prior work has indicated unaltered glutamate receptor properties in the glaucomatous dLGN, it is unknown whether glaucoma impacts dLGN inhibition. Here, using DBA/2J mice, which develop elevated IOP beginning at 6-7 months of age, we tested whether the strength of inhibitory synapses on dLGN thalamocortical relay neurons is altered in response to the disease state. We found an enhancement of feed-forward disynaptic inhibition arising from local interneurons along with increased amplitude of quantal inhibitory synaptic currents. A combination of immunofluorescence staining for the GABA A -α1 receptor subunit, peak-scaled nonstationary fluctuation analysis, and measures of homeostatic synaptic scaling indicated this was the result of an approximately 1.4-fold increase in GABA receptor number at post-synaptic inhibitory synapses, although several pieces of evidence strongly indicate a non-uniform scaling across inhibitory synapses within individual relay neurons. Together, these results indicate an increase in inhibitory synaptic strength in the glaucomatous dLGN, potentially pointing toward homeostatic compensation for disruptions in network and neuronal function triggered by increased IOP. Significance Statement Elevated eye pressure in glaucoma leads to loss of retinal outputs to the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. Alterations in neuronal activity, as could arise from excitatory synapse loss, can trigger homeostatic adaptations to synaptic function that attempt to maintain activity within a meaningful dynamic range, although whether this occurs uniformly at all synapses within a given neuron or is a non-uniform process is debated. Here, using a mouse model of glaucoma, we show that dLGN inhibitory synapses undergo non-uniform upregulation due to addition of post-synaptic GABA receptors. This is likely to be a neuronal adaptation to glaucomatous pathology in an important sub-cortical visual center.
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11
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Koya E. Microglia: The new player orchestrating the cocaine-induced expression of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, AND IMMUNITY 2024; 116:22-23. [PMID: 38008387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Koya
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.
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12
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Reverte I, Marchetti C, Pezza S, Zenoni SF, Scaringi G, Ferrucci L, D'Ottavio G, Pignataro A, Andolina D, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Venniro M, Ramsey LA, Gross C, Caprioli D, Ragozzino D. Microglia-mediated calcium-permeable AMPAR accumulation in the nucleus accumbens drives hyperlocomotion during cocaine withdrawal. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, AND IMMUNITY 2024; 115:535-542. [PMID: 37967660 PMCID: PMC10915906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
During withdrawal from cocaine, calcium permeable-AMPA receptors (CP-AMPAR) progressively accumulate in nucleus accumbens (NAc) synapses, a phenomenon linked to behavioral sensitization and drug-seeking. Recently, it has been suggested that neuroimmune alterations might promote aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity, thus contributing to substance abuse-related behaviors. Here, we investigated the role of microglia in NAc neuroadaptations after withdrawal from cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). We depleted microglia using PLX5622-supplemented diet during cocaine withdrawal, and after the place preference test, we measured dendritic spine density and the presence of CP-AMPAR in the NAc shell. Microglia depletion prevented cocaine-induced changes in dendritic spines and CP-AMPAR accumulation. Furthermore, microglia depletion prevented conditioned hyperlocomotion without affecting drug-context associative memory. Microglia displayed fewer number of branches, resulting in a reduced arborization area and microglia control domain at late withdrawal. Our results suggest that microglia are necessary for the synaptic adaptations in NAc synapses during cocaine withdrawal and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pezza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Soami F Zenoni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scaringi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Leslie A Ramsey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore NIDA, NIH, USA
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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13
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li H, Feng Q, Ge W, Xu X. Investigating the Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Inflammatory Cytokines in Post-stroke Depression. MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 61:132-147. [PMID: 37592185 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors, severely impacting general recovery and quality of life. Despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms underlying PSD remain elusive. However, emerging evidence implicates proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-18, play critical roles in PSD development. These cytokines contribute to PSD through various mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter alterations, neurotrophic factor changes, gut microbiota imbalances, and genetic predispositions. This review is aimed at exploring the role of cytokines in stroke and PSD while identifying their potential as specific therapeutic targets for managing PSD. A more profound understanding of the mechanisms regulating inflammatory cytokine expression and anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 in PSD may facilitate the development of innovative interventions to improve outcomes for stroke survivors experiencing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221600, China.
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Mondal A, Pandit S, Sahoo J, Subramaniam Y, De M. Post-functionalization of sulfur quantum dots and their aggregation-dependent antibacterial activity. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18624-18638. [PMID: 37975185 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) have emerged as an intriguing class of luminescent nanomaterial due to their exceptional physiochemical and optoelectronic properties. However, their biomedical application is still in its infancy due to the limited scope of their surface functionalization. Herein, we explored the surface functionalization of SQDs through different thiol ligands with tuneable functionality and tested their antibacterial efficacy. Notably, very high antibacterial activity of functionalized SQDs (10-25 ng ml-1) was noted, which is 105 times higher compared to that of nonfunctionalized SQDs. Moreover, a rare phenomenon of the reverse trend of antibacterial activity through surface modification was observed, with increasing surface hydrophobicity of various nanomaterials as the antibacterial activity increased. However, we also noted that as the surface hydrophobicity increased, the SQDs tended to exhibit a propensity for aggregation, which consequently decreased their antibacterial efficacy. This identical pattern was also evident in in vivo assessments. Overall, this study illuminates the importance of surface modifications of SQDs and the role of surface hydrophobicity in the development of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Subrata Pandit
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jagabandhu Sahoo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | | | - Mrinmoy De
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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15
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Petsakou A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Cholinergic neurons trigger epithelial Ca 2+ currents to heal the gut. NATURE 2023; 623:122-131. [PMID: 37722602 PMCID: PMC10699467 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the aetiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer1. We used the Drosophila midgut2 to investigate this and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic3 neurons triggers Ca2+ currents among intestinal epithelial cells, the enterocytes, to promote return to homeostasis. We found that downregulation of the conserved cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase4 in the gut epithelium enables acetylcholine from specific Egr5 (TNF in mammals)-sensing cholinergic neurons to activate nicotinic receptors in innervated enterocytes. This activation triggers high Ca2+, which spreads in the epithelium through Innexin2-Innexin7 gap junctions6, promoting enterocyte maturation followed by reduction of proliferation and inflammation. Disrupting this process causes chronic injury consisting of ion imbalance, Yki (YAP in humans) activation7, cell death and increase of inflammatory cytokines reminiscent of inflammatory bowel diseases8. Altogether, the conserved cholinergic pathway facilitates epithelial Ca2+ currents that heal the intestinal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate nerve- and bioelectric9-dependent intestinal regeneration and advance our current understanding of how a tissue returns to homeostasis after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Moll G, Luecht C, Gyamfi MA, da Fonseca DLM, Wang P, Zhao H, Gong Z, Chen L, Ashraf MI, Heidecke H, Hackel AM, Dragun D, Budde K, Penack O, Riemekasten G, Cabral-Marques O, Witowski J, Catar R. Autoantibodies from patients with kidney allograft vasculopathy stimulate a proinflammatory switch in endothelial cells and monocytes mediated via GPCR-directed PAR1-TNF-α signaling. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 14:1289744. [PMID: 37965310 PMCID: PMC10642342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-HLA-directed regulatory autoantibodies (RABs) are known to target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and thereby contribute to kidney transplant vasculopathy and failure. However, the detailed underlying signaling mechanisms in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and immune cells need to be clarified in more detail. In this study, we compared the immune stimulatory effects and concomitant intracellular and extracellular signaling mechanisms of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-fractions from kidney transplant patients with allograft vasculopathy (KTx-IgG), to that from patients without vasculopathy, or matched healthy controls (Con-IgG). We found that KTx-IgG from patients with vasculopathy, but not KTx-IgG from patients without vasculopathy or Con-IgG, elicits HMEC activation and subsequent upregulation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from HMECs, which was amplified in the presence of the protease-activated thrombin receptor 1 (PAR1) activator thrombin, but could be omitted by selectively blocking the PAR1 receptor. The amount and activity of the TNF-α secreted by HMECs stimulated with KTx-IgG from patients with vasculopathy was sufficient to induce subsequent THP-1 monocytic cell activation. Furthermore, AP-1/c-FOS, was identified as crucial transcription factor complex controlling the KTx-IgG-induced endothelial TNF-α synthesis, and mircoRNA-let-7f-5p as a regulatory element in modulating the underlying signaling cascade. In conclusion, exposure of HMECs to KTx-IgG from patients with allograft vasculopathy, but not KTx-IgG from patients without vasculopathy or healthy Con-IgG, triggers signaling through the PAR1-AP-1/c-FOS-miRNA-let7-axis, to control TNF-α gene transcription and TNF-α-induced monocyte activation. These observations offer a greater mechanistic understanding of endothelial cells and subsequent immune cell activation in the clinical setting of transplant vasculopathy that can eventually lead to transplant failure, irrespective of alloantigen-directed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Adu Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennyson L M da Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Zexian Gong
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, USP School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, USP School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Rajayer SR, Smith SM. Neurovirulent cytokines increase neuronal excitability in a model of coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation. INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE EXPERIMENTAL 2023; 11:71. [PMID: 37833408 PMCID: PMC10575822 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological manifestations of severe coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, are wide-ranging and may persist following virus clearance. Detailed understanding of the underlying changes in brain function may facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets. We directly tested how neocortical function is impacted by the specific panel of cytokines that occur in coronavirus brain infection. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we determined how the five cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-15 for 22-28-h) at concentrations matched to those elicited by MHV-A59 coronavirus brain infection, affected neuronal function in cultured primary mouse neocortical neurons. RESULTS We evaluated how acute cytokine exposure affected neuronal excitability (propensity to fire action potentials), membrane properties, and action potential characteristics, as well as sensitivity to changes in extracellular calcium and magnesium (divalent) concentration. Neurovirulent cytokines increased spontaneous excitability and response to low divalent concentration by depolarizing the resting membrane potential and hyperpolarizing the action potential threshold. Evoked excitability was also enhanced by neurovirulent cytokines at physiological divalent concentrations. At low divalent concentrations, the change in evoked excitability was attenuated. One hour after cytokine removal, spontaneous excitability and hyperpolarization of the action potential threshold normalized but membrane depolarization and attenuated divalent-dependent excitability persisted. CONCLUSIONS Coronavirus-associated cytokine exposure increases spontaneous excitability in neocortical neurons, and some of the changes persist after cytokine removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil R Rajayer
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, R&D 24, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, R&D 24, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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18
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Jean G, Carton J, Haq K, Musto AE. The role of dendritic spines in epileptogenesis. FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 17:1173694. [PMID: 37601280 PMCID: PMC10433379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease associated with high morbidity. To date, there is no known disease-modifying therapy for epilepsy. A leading hypothesis for a mechanism of epileptogenesis is the generation of aberrant neuronal networks. Although the underlying biological mechanism is not clear, scientific evidence indicates that it is associated with a hyperexcitable synchronous neuronal network and active dendritic spine plasticity. Changes in dendritic spine morphology are related to altered expression of synaptic cytoskeletal proteins, inflammatory molecules, neurotrophic factors, and extracellular matrix signaling. However, it remains to be determined if these aberrant dendritic spine formations lead to neuronal hyperexcitability and abnormal synaptic connections or whether they constitute an underlying mechanism of seizure susceptibility. Focusing on dendritic spine machinery as a potential target for medications could limit or reverse the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Jean
- Medical Program, School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Carton
- Medical Program, School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Kaleem Haq
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Alberto E. Musto
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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19
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Gonzalez Caldito N. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the central nervous system: a focus on autoimmune disorders. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 14:1213448. [PMID: 37483590 PMCID: PMC10360935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic immune cytokine that belongs to the TNF superfamily of receptor ligands. The cytokine exists as either a transmembrane or a soluble molecule, and targets two distinct receptors, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF-α receptor 2 (TNFR2), which activate different signaling cascades and downstream genes. TNF-α cellular responses depend on its molecular form, targeted receptor, and concentration levels. TNF-α plays a multifaceted role in normal physiology that is highly relevant to human health and disease. In the central nervous system (CNS), this cytokine regulates homeostatic functions, such as neurogenesis, myelination, blood-brain barrier permeability and synaptic plasticity. However, it can also potentiate neuronal excitotoxicity and CNS inflammation. The pleiotropism of TNF-α and its various roles in the CNS, whether homeostatic or deleterious, only emphasizes the functional complexity of this cytokine. Anti-TNF-α therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in treating various autoimmune inflammatory diseases and has emerged as a significant treatment option for CNS autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that the effects of this therapeutic target are diverse and complex. Contrary to initial expectations, anti-TNF-α therapy has been found to have detrimental effects in multiple sclerosis. This article focuses on describing the various roles, both physiological and pathological, of TNF-α in the CNS. Additionally, it discusses the specific disease processes that are dependent or regulated by TNF-α and the rationale of its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gonzalez Caldito
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Małkowska P, Sawczuk M. Cytokines as Biomarkers for Evaluating Physical Exercise in Trained and Non-Trained Individuals: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 24:11156. [PMID: 37446334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise training have numerous health benefits, including the prevention and management of chronic diseases, improvement of cardiovascular health, and enhancement of mental well-being. However, the effectiveness of training programs can vary widely among individuals due to various factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Thus, identifying reliable biomarkers to evaluate physical training effectiveness and personalize training programs is crucial. Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by immune cells that play a vital role in inflammation and tissue repair. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential use of cytokines as biomarkers for evaluating training effectiveness. This review article aims to provide an overview of cytokines, their potential as biomarkers, methods for measuring cytokine levels, and factors that can affect cytokine levels. The article also discusses the potential benefits of using cytokines as biomarkers, such as monitoring muscle damage and inflammation, and the potential for personalized training programs based on cytokine responses. We believe that the use of cytokines as biomarkers holds great promise for optimizing training programs and improving overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Małkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 70-384 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Leite FRM, López R, Møller HJ, Nascimento GG. Salivary cytokine expression after non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: 12-month follow-up. JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 2023; 94:823-834. [PMID: 36645176 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse smoking trajectories may influence cytokine expression after non-surgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care. Thus, we aimed to describe cytokine profiles in periodontal healing after periodontal therapy in smokers. METHODS A smoking cessation program and non-surgical periodontal therapy were offered to 80 smokers with periodontitis. Smoking trajectories (quitters/light, moderate, heavy) were observed. The association of salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with smoking trajectories and periodontal outcomes was determined using mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS Among quitters/light smokers, IL-1β was associated with an increase in mean periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and mean clinical attachment level (CAL). IL-6 was associated with a decrease in mean PPD and CAL in heavy smokers, whereas IL-8 was associated with a decrease in PPD among moderate smokers. TNFα was associated with a reduction in mean PPD and CAL among quitters/light smokers, while among moderate smokers, TNFα was associated with an increase in mean PPD and CAL. IL-12 and IL-13 were associated with a decrease in mean PPD in moderate smokers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that distinctive smoking exposures induce differential cytokine expression, which, in turn, seems to influence periodontal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio R M Leite
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo López
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Whitelaw BS, Stoessel MB, Majewska AK. Movers and shakers: Microglial dynamics and modulation of neural networks. GLIA 2023; 71:1575-1591. [PMID: 36533844 PMCID: PMC10729610 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are multifaceted cells that act as immune sentinels, with important roles in pathological events, but also as integral contributors to the normal development and function of neural circuits. In the last decade, our understanding of the contributions these cells make to synaptic health and dysfunction has expanded at a dizzying pace. Here we review the known mechanisms that govern the dynamics of microglia allowing these motile cells to interact with synapses, and recruit microglia to specific sites on neurons. We then review the molecular signals that may underlie the function of microglia in synaptic remodeling. The emerging picture from the literature suggests that microglia are highly sensitive cells, reacting to neuronal signals with dynamic and specific actions tuned to the need of specific synapses and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Steven Whitelaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mark Blohm Stoessel
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ania Katarzyna Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Gruol DL, Calderon D, French K, Melkonian C, Huitron-Resendiz S, Cates-Gatto C, Roberts AJ. Neuroimmune interactions with binge alcohol drinking in the cerebellum of IL-6 transgenic mice. NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 228:109455. [PMID: 36775097 PMCID: PMC10029700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The neuroimmune system of the brain, which is comprised primarily of astrocytes and microglia, regulates a variety of homeostatic mechanisms that underlie normal brain function. Numerous conditions, including alcohol consumption, can disrupt this regulatory process by altering brain levels of neuroimmune factors. Alcohol and neuroimmune factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, act at similar targets in the brain, including excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Thus, alcohol-induced production of IL-6 and/or TNF-alpha could be important contributing factors to the effects of alcohol on the brain. Recent studies indicate that IL-6 plays a role in alcohol drinking and the effects of alcohol on the brain activity following the cessation of alcohol consumption (post-alcohol period), however information on these topics is limited. Here we used homozygous and heterozygous female and male transgenic mice with increased astrocyte expression of IL-6 to examined further the interactions between alcohol and IL-6 with respect to voluntary alcohol drinking, brain activity during the post-alcohol period, IL-6 signal transduction, and expression of synaptic proteins. Wildtype littermates (WT) served as controls. The transgenic mice model brain neuroimmune status with respect to IL-6 in subjects with a history of persistent alcohol use. Results showed a genotype dependent reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption in the Drinking in the Dark protocol and in frequency-dependent relationships between brain activity in EEG recordings during the post-alcohol period and alcohol consumption. IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-6 signal transduction partners pSTAT3 and c/EBP beta, and synaptic proteins were shown to play a role in these genotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Delilah Calderon
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katharine French
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Claudia Melkonian
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Cates-Gatto
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Smilovic D, Rietsche M, Fellenz M, Drakew A, Vuksic M, Deller T. Loss of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor 1 and TNF-receptor 2 partially replicate effects of TNF deficiency on dendritic spines of granule cells in mouse dentate gyrus. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2023; 531:281-293. [PMID: 36221961 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. In previous work, we showed that mice lacking constitutive levels of TNF exhibit a reduction in spine density and changes in spine head size distribution of dentate granule cells. Here, we investigated which TNF-receptor pathway is responsible for this phenotype and analyzed granule cell spine morphology in TNF-R1-, TNF-R2-, and TNF-R1/R2-deficient mice. Single granule cells were filled with Alexa568 in fixed hippocampal brain slices and immunostained for the actin-modulating protein synaptopodin (SP), a marker for strong and stable spines. An investigator blind to genotype investigated dendritic spines using deconvolved confocal image stacks. Similar to TNF-deficient mice, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 mutants showed a decrease in the size of small spines (SP-negative) with TNF-R1/R2-KO mice exhibiting an additive effect. TNF-R1 mutants also showed an increase in the size of large spines (SP-positive), mirroring the situation in TNF-deficient mice. Unlike the TNF-deficient mouse, none of the TNF-R mutants exhibited a reduction in their granule cell spine densities. Since TNF tunes the excitability of networks, lack of constitutive TNF reduces network excitation. This may explain why we observed alterations in spine head size distributions in TNF- and TNF-R-deficient granule cells. The changes in spine density observed in the TNF-deficient mouse could not be linked to canonical TNF-R-signaling. Instead, noncanonical pathways or unknown developmental functions of TNF may cause this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Smilovic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Rietsche
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Meike Fellenz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Drakew
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Vuksic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Early TNF-Dependent Regulation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses on Striatal Direct Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons in the YAC128 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 43:672-680. [PMID: 36517241 PMCID: PMC9888503 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1655-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin gene. Neurodegeneration first occurs in the striatum, accompanied by an elevation in inflammatory cytokines. Using the presymptomatic male YAC128 HD model mouse, we examined the synaptic input onto the striatal medium spiny neurons to look for early changes that precede degeneration. We observed an increase in excitatory synaptic strength, as measured by AMPA/NMDA ratios, specifically on direct pathway D1 receptor expressing medium spiny neurons, with no changes on indirect pathway neurons. The changes in excitation were accompanied by a decrease in inhibitory synaptic strength, as measured by the amplitude of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was elevated in the striatum of YAC128 at the ages examined. Critically, the changes in excitatory and inhibitory inputs are both dependent on TNF signaling, as blocking TNF signaling genetically or pharmacological normalized synaptic strength. The observed changes in synaptic function are similar to the changes seen in D1 medium spiny neurons treated with high levels of TNF, suggesting that saturating levels of TNF exist in the striatum even at early stages of HD. The increase in glutamatergic synaptic strength and decrease in inhibitory synaptic strength would increase direct pathway neuronal excitability, which may potentiate excitotoxicity during the progress of HD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The striatum is the first structure to degenerate in Huntington's disease, but the early changes that presage the degeneration are not well defined. Here we identify early synaptic changes in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease specifically on a subpopulation of striatal neurons. These neurons have stronger excitatory synapses and weaker inhibitory inputs, and thus would increase the susceptibility to excitotoxicity. These changes are dependent on signaling by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. TNF is elevated even at early presymptomatic stages, and blocking TNF signaling even acutely will reverse the synaptic changes. This suggests early intervention could be important therapeutically.
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Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 24:ijms24021639. [PMID: 36675155 PMCID: PMC9862173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS.
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Dwivedi AK, Siegel DA, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523535. [PMID: 36712077 PMCID: PMC9882059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most prior host genetic HIV studies have focused on identifying DNA polymorphisms (e.g., CCR5Δ32 , MHC class I alleles) associated with viral load among untreated "elite controllers" (~1% of HIV+ individuals who are able to control virus without ART). However, there have been few studies evaluating host genetic predictors of viral control for the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA, unspliced RNA, intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 HIV+ ART-suppressed non-controllers. Multivariate models included covariates for timing of ART initiation, nadir CD4+ count, age, sex, and ancestry. Lower HIV total DNA (an estimate of the total reservoir) was associated with upregulation of tumor suppressor genes NBL1 (q=0.012) and P3H3 (q=0.012). Higher HIV unspliced RNA (an estimate of residual HIV transcription) was associated with downregulation of several host genes involving inflammasome ( IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9 , CXCL3, CXCL10 ) and innate immune ( TLR7 ) signaling, as well as novel associations with potassium ( KCNJ2 ) and gap junction ( GJB2 ) channels, all q<0.05. Gene set enrichment analyses identified significant associations with TLR4/microbial translocation (q=0.006), IL-1β/NRLP3 inflammasome (q=0.008), and IL-10 (q=0.037) signaling. HIV intact DNA (an estimate of the "replication-competent" reservoir) demonstrated trends with thrombin degradation ( PLGLB1 ) and glucose metabolism ( AGL ) genes, but data were (HIV intact DNA detected in only 42% of participants). Our findings demonstrate that among treated PLWH, that inflammation, innate immune responses, bacterial translocation, and tumor suppression/cell proliferation host signaling play a key role in the maintenance of the HIV reservoir during ART. Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies, and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts. Author Summary Although lifelong HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses virus, the major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective ART, "the HIV reservoir." HIV eradication strategies have focused on eliminating residual virus to allow for HIV remission, but HIV cure trials to date have thus far failed to show a clinically meaningful reduction in the HIV reservoir. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the host-viral dynamics during ART suppression to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for HIV cure. This is the first epidemiologic host gene expression study to demonstrate a significant link between HIV reservoir size and several well-known immunologic pathways (e.g., IL-1β, TLR7, TNF-α signaling pathways), as well as novel associations with potassium and gap junction channels (Kir2.1, connexin 26). Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts.
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Bang M, Yang SJ, Ahn T, Han SH, Shin CY, Kwon KJ. Minoxidil Regulates Aging-Like Phenotypes in Rat Cortical Astrocytes In Vitro. BIOMOLECULES & THERAPEUTICS 2023; 31:116-126. [PMID: 36535699 PMCID: PMC9810449 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mainly due to the slanted focus on the mechanism and regulation of neuronal aging, research on astrocyte aging and its modulation during brain aging is scarce. In this study, we established aged astrocyte culture model by long-term culturing. Cellular senescence was confirmed through SA-β-gal staining as well as through the examination of morphological, molecular, and functional markers. RNA sequencing and functional analysis of astrocytes were performed to further investigate the detailed characteristics of the aged astrocyte model. Along with aged phenotypes, decreased astrocytic proliferation, migration, mitochondrial energetic function and support for neuronal survival and differentiation has been observed in aged astrocytes. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and chemokine-related factors including plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) was observed in aged astrocytes. Using the RNA sequencing results, we searched potential drugs that can normalize the dysregulated gene expression pattern observed in long-term cultured aged astrocytes. Among several candidates, minoxidil, a pyrimidine-derived anti-hypertensive and anti-pattern hair loss drug, normalized the increased number of SA-β-gal positive cells and nuclear size in aged astrocytes. In addition, minoxidil restored up-regulated activity of PAI-1 and increased mitochondrial superoxide production in aged astrocytes. We concluded that long term culture of astrocytes can be used as a reliable model for the study of astrocyte senescence and minoxidil can be a plausible candidate for the regulation of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Bang
- Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Yang
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeJin Ahn
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-2-454-5630, Fax: +82-2-548-5630
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Tobinick E, Spengler RN, Ignatowski TA, Wassel M, Laborde S. Rapid improvement in severe long COVID following perispinal etanercept. CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION 2022; 38:2013-2020. [PMID: 35791687 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2096351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the neurological improvements in a patient with severe long COVID brain dysfunction following perispinal etanercept administration. Perispinal administration of etanercept, a novel method designed to enhance its brain delivery via carriage in the cerebrospinal venous system, has previously been shown to reduce chronic neurological dysfunction after stroke. Etanercept is a recombinant biologic that is capable of ameliorating two components of neuroinflammation: microglial activation and the excess bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine that is a key neuromodulator in the brain. Optimal synaptic and brain network function require physiological levels of TNF. Neuroinflammation, including brain microglial activation and excess central TNF, can be a consequence of stroke or peripheral infection, including infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. METHODS Standardized, validated measures, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Index-II (BDI-II), Fatigue Assessment Scale, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Tests, Timed Finger-to-Nose Test, 20 m Self-Paced Walk Test, 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test and Grip Strength measured with a Jamar Dynamometer were used to quantitate changes in cognition, depression, fatigue and neurological function after a single 25 mg perispinal etanercept dose in a patient with severe long COVID of 12 months duration. RESULTS Following perispinal etanercept administration there was immediate neurological improvement. At 24 h, there were remarkable reductions in chronic post-COVID-19 fatigue and depression, and significant measurable improvements in cognition, executive function, phonemic verbal fluency, balance, gait, upper limb coordination and grip strength. Cognition, depression and fatigue were examined at 29 days; each remained substantially improved. CONCLUSION Perispinal etanercept is a promising treatment for the chronic neurologic dysfunction that may persist after resolution of acute COVID-19, including chronic cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. These results suggest that long COVID brain neuroinflammation is a potentially reversible pathology and viable treatment target. In view of the increasing unmet medical need, clinical trials of perispinal etanercept for long COVID are urgently necessary. The robust results of the present case suggest that perispinal etanercept clinical trials studying long COVID populations with severe fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction may have improved ability to detect a treatment effect. Positron emission tomographic methods that image brain microglial activation and measurements of cerebrospinal fluid proinflammatory cytokines may be useful for patient selection and correlation with treatment effects, as well as provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey A Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manar Wassel
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Kinoshita PF, Orellana AM, Andreotti DZ, de Souza GA, de Mello NP, de Sá Lima L, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Consequences of the Lack of TNFR1 in Ouabain Response in the Hippocampus of C57BL/6J Mice. BIOMEDICINES 2022; 10:biomedicines10112937. [PMID: 36428505 PMCID: PMC9688030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that has a protective effect against neuroinflammation at low doses through Na+/K+-ATPase signaling and that can activate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the brain. TNF plays an essential role in neuroinflammation and regulates glutamate receptors by acting on two different receptors (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [TNFR1] and TNFR2) that have distinct functions and expression. The activation of constitutively and ubiquitously expressed TNFR1 leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of ouabain in a TNFR1 knockout (KO) mouse model. Interestingly, the hippocampus of TNFR1 KO mice showed a basal increase in both TNFR2 membrane expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Moreover, ouabain activated TNF-α-converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (TACE/ADAM17), decreased N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) expression, and induced anxiety-like behavior in both genotype animals, independent of the presence of TNFR1. However, ouabain induced an increase in interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus, a decrease in IL-6 in serum, and an increase in NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) only in wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that TNFR1 or TNFR2 expression may be important for some effects of ouabain. Collectively, our results indicate a connection between ouabain signaling and TNFR1, with the effect of ouabain partially dependent on TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Araujo de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Prudente de Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Drion C. Homeostatic Control of Neuronal Activity. PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For healthy brain functioning, it is crucial that neuronal networks do not become hyperactive, but also, that they remain excitable. Homeostatic mechanisms ensure that neuronal activity remains within a functional range. How does that work? In this chapter, we will explore homeostatic control of neuronal activity. We will start by introducing the basics of neuronal communication to establish what makes a neuron excitable. Then, we will learn how neurons are able to tune their own excitability, which is called homeostatic intrinsic plasticity. Next, we will discuss the ability of neurons to tune the strength of their connections to other neurons. This is called homeostatic synaptic plasticity and involves synaptic scaling, the up- and downregulation of receptors, and the control of neurotransmitter release. Finally, we will review the role of glia in neuronal network homeostasis and discuss disorders where the homeostatic control of neuronal activity is compromised.
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Anticancer peptides mechanisms, simple and complex. CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 2022; 368:110194. [PMID: 36195187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide therapy has started since 1920s with the advent of insulin application, and now it has emerged as a new approach in treatment of diseases including cancer. Using anti-cancer peptides (ACPs) is a promising way of cancer therapy as ACPs are continuing to be approved and arrived at major pharmaceutical markets. Traditional cancer treatments face different problems like intensive adverse effects to patient's body, cell resistance to conventional chemical drugs and in some worse cases the occurrence of cell multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancerous tissues against chemotherapy. On the other hand, there are some benefits conceived for peptides usage in treatment of diseases specifically cancer, as these compounds present favorable characteristics such as smaller size, high activity, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility in vivo, convenient and rapid way of synthesis, amenable to sequence modification and revision and there is no limitation for the type of cargo they carry. It is possible to achieve an optimum molecular and functional structure of peptides based on previous experience and bank of peptide motif data which may result in novel peptide design. Bioactive peptides are able to form pores in cell membrane and induce necrosis or apoptosis of abnormal cells. Moreover, recent researches have focused on the tumor recognizing peptide motifs with the ability to permeate to cancerous cells with the aim of cancer treatment at earlier stages. In this strategy the most important factors for addressing cancer are choosing peptides with easy accessibility to tumor cell without cytotoxicity effect towards normal cells. The peptides must also meet acceptable pharmacokinetic requirements. In this review, the characteristics of peptides and cancer cells are discussed. The various mechanisms of peptides' action proposed against cancer cells make the next part of discussion. It will be followed by giving information on peptides application, various methods of peptide designing along with introducing various databases. Future aspects of peptides for employing in area of cancer treatment come as conclusion at the end.
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Feinberg PA, Becker SC, Chung L, Ferrari L, Stellwagen D, Anaclet C, Durán-Laforet V, Faust TE, Sumbria RK, Schafer DP. Elevated TNF-α Leads to Neural Circuit Instability in the Absence of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8. THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 42:6171-6185. [PMID: 35790400 PMCID: PMC9374154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0601-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor necessary for the maturation of microglia, as well as other peripheral immune cells. It also regulates the transition of microglia and other immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Irf8 is also a known risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, and it has recently been shown to be downregulated in schizophrenia. While most studies have focused on IRF8-dependent regulation of immune cell function, little is known about how it impacts neural circuits. Here, we show by RNAseq from Irf8 -/- male and female mouse brains that several genes involved in regulation of neural activity are dysregulated. We then show that these molecular changes are reflected in heightened neural excitability and a profound increase in susceptibility to lethal seizures in male and female Irf8 -/- mice. Finally, we identify that TNF-α is elevated specifically in microglia in the CNS, and genetic or acute pharmacological blockade of TNF-α in the Irf8 -/- CNS rescued the seizure phenotype. These results provide important insights into the consequences of IRF8 signaling and TNF-α on neural circuits. Our data further suggest that neuronal function is impacted by loss of IRF8, a factor involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we identify a previously unknown and key role for interferon regulator factor 8 (IRF8) in regulating neural excitability and seizures. We further determine that these effects on neural circuits are through elevated TNF-α in the CNS. As IRF8 has most widely been studied in the context of regulating the development and inflammatory signaling in microglia and other immune cells, we have uncovered a novel function. Further, IRF8 is a risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, IRF8 is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and elevated TNF-α has been identified in a multitude of neurologic conditions. Thus, elucidating these IRF8 and TNF-α-dependent effects on brain circuit function has profound implications for understanding underlying, therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Feinberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Shannon C Becker
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Leeyup Chung
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Violeta Durán-Laforet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Travis E Faust
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California 92868
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Blagburn-Blanco SV, Chappell MS, De Biase LM, DeNardo LA. Synapse-specific roles for microglia in development: New horizons in the prefrontal cortex. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 15:965756. [PMID: 36003220 PMCID: PMC9394540 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.965756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of both microglia and circuitry in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, but how microglia affect mPFC development in health and disease is not well understood. mPFC circuits undergo a prolonged maturation after birth that is driven by molecular programs and activity-dependent processes. Though this extended development is crucial to acquire mature cognitive abilities, it likely renders mPFC circuitry more susceptible to disruption by genetic and environmental insults that increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Recent work suggests that microglia directly influence mPFC circuit maturation, though the biological factors underlying this observation remain unclear. In this review, we discuss these recent findings along with new studies on the cellular mechanisms by which microglia shape sensory circuits during postnatal development. We focus on the molecular pathways through which glial cells and immune signals regulate synaptogenesis and activity-dependent synaptic refinement. We further highlight how disruptions in these pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders associated with mPFC dysfunction, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using these disorders as a framework, we discuss microglial mechanisms that could link environmental risk factors including infections and stress with ongoing genetic programs to aberrantly shape mPFC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V. Blagburn-Blanco
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan S. Chappell
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay M. De Biase
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lindsay M. De Biase,
| | - Laura A. DeNardo
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Laura A. DeNardo,
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Moca EN, Lecca D, Hope KT, Etienne F, Schaler AW, Espinoza K, Chappell MS, Gray DT, Tweedie D, Sidhu S, Masukawa L, Sitoy H, Mathew R, Saban DR, Greig NH, De Biase LM. Microglia Drive Pockets of Neuroinflammation in Middle Age. THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 42:3896-3918. [PMID: 35396327 PMCID: PMC9097782 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1922-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During aging, microglia produce inflammatory factors, show reduced tissue surveillance, altered interactions with synapses, and prolonged responses to CNS insults, positioning these cells to have profound impact on the function of nearby neurons. We and others recently showed that microglial attributes differ significantly across brain regions in young adult mice. However, the degree to which microglial properties vary during aging is largely unexplored. Here, we analyze and manipulate microglial aging within the basal ganglia, brain circuits that exhibit prominent regional microglial heterogeneity and where neurons are vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease. In male and female mice, we demonstrate that VTA and SNc microglia exhibit unique and premature responses to aging, compared with cortex and NAc microglia. This is associated with localized VTA/SNc neuroinflammation that may compromise synaptic function as early as middle age. Surprisingly, systemic inflammation, local neuron death, and astrocyte aging do not appear to underlie these early aging responses of VTA and SNc microglia. Instead, we found that microglial lysosome status was tightly linked to early aging of VTA microglia. Microglial ablation/repopulation normalized VTA microglial lysosome swelling and suppressed increases in VTA microglial density during aging. In contrast, CX3CR1 receptor KO exacerbated VTA microglial lysosome rearrangements and VTA microglial proliferation during aging. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated regional variation in onset and magnitude of microglial proliferation and inflammatory factor production during aging and highlight critical links between microglial lysosome status and local microglial responses to aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microglia are CNS cells that are equipped to regulate neuronal health and function throughout the lifespan. We reveal that microglia in select brain regions begin to proliferate and produce inflammatory factors in late middle age, months before microglia in other brain regions. These findings demonstrate that CNS neuroinflammation during aging is not uniform. Moreover, they raise the possibility that local microglial responses to aging play a critical role in determining which populations of neurons are most vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Moca
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Keenan T Hope
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Fanny Etienne
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ari W Schaler
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Katherine Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Megan S Chappell
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel T Gray
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David Tweedie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Shanaya Sidhu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lindsay Masukawa
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hannah Sitoy
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Lindsay M De Biase
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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36
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Go RE, Lee SM, Shin YJ, Kim MS, Park CM, Ko EB, Kim S, Choi KC. Time-dependent effect of inhaled cigarette smoke exposure in the bleomycin-induced lung injury rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1231-1243. [PMID: 35112775 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) substances are known to induce diverse ailments such as cancer, decreased immunity, and lung diseases. Although some studies have been actively conducted to evaluate cigarette toxicity, the current animal exposure methods, that is, exposure of 28- or 90-days, require considerable research cost and lead to obscure results of the CS effects. In a previous study, we compared the effects of CS in a rat model of bleomycin (BLM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung disease. We determined that compared to the LPS-induced rat model, the BLM-induced rat model was more sensitive to alterations in secreting cytokines and total cell number. In the current study, we further confirmed the time-point of effective inhalation exposure by CS in the BLM-induced lung injury rat model. Using an automatic video instillator, rats were administered a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg BLM (day 1), and subsequently exposed to CS via inhalation (nose-only) 4 h/day, for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from the right lung lobes, total cell numbers were counted, and chemokine and cytokine expressions were evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. For the 1-week exposure, we observed a greater increase of neutrophils in the BLM + CS 300 μg/L group than in the BLM or CS 300 μg/L groups. Exposure of CS in the BLM-induced lung injury rat model enhanced the secretions of chemokines and cytokines, such as CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL2/MIP-2 and TNF-α, at 1 week. Immunohistochemistry and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of lungs at 1-2 weeks after exposure clearly confirmed this tendency in the increased levels of CCL2/MCP-1 and TNF-α. Taken together, these results indicate that the rat model of BLM-induced lung injury is more sensitive to CS exposure than other rat models, and may be an appropriate model to evaluate the effect of CS exposure at 1-2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Shin
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Kung PL, Chou TW, Lindman M, Chang NP, Estevez I, Buckley BD, Atkins C, Daniels BP. Zika virus-induced TNF-α signaling dysregulates expression of neurologic genes associated with psychiatric disorders. JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 19:100. [PMID: 35462541 PMCID: PMC9036774 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus of global concern. ZIKV infection of the central nervous system has been linked to a variety of clinical syndromes, including microcephaly in fetuses and rare but serious neurologic disease in adults. However, the potential for ZIKV to influence brain physiology and host behavior following apparently mild or subclinical infection is less well understood. Furthermore, though deficits in cognitive function are well-documented after recovery from neuroinvasive viral infection, the potential impact of ZIKV on other host behavioral domains has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS We used transcriptomic profiling, including unbiased gene ontology enrichment analysis, to assess the impact of ZIKV infection on gene expression in primary cortical neuron cultures. These studies were extended with molecular biological analysis of gene expression and inflammatory cytokine signaling. In vitro observations were further confirmed using established in vivo models of ZIKV infection in immunocompetent hosts. RESULTS Transcriptomic profiling of primary neuron cultures following ZIKV infection revealed altered expression of key genes associated with major psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Gene ontology enrichment analysis also revealed significant changes in gene expression associated with fundamental neurobiological processes, including neuronal development, neurotransmission, and others. These alterations to neurologic gene expression were also observed in the brain in vivo using several immunocompetent mouse models of ZIKV infection. Mechanistic studies identified TNF-α signaling via TNFR1 as a major regulatory mechanism controlling ZIKV-induced changes to neurologic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal that cell-intrinsic innate immune responses to ZIKV infection profoundly shape neuronal transcriptional profiles, highlighting the need to further explore associations between ZIKV infection and disordered host behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lun Kung
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Nydia P. Chang
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Irving Estevez
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Buckley
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Chu JMT, Abulimiti A, Wong BSH, Zhao GD, Xiong SH, Zhao MM, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chang RCC, Yu H, Wong GTC. Sigesbeckia orientalis L. Derived Active Fraction Ameliorates Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders Through Alleviating Hippocampal Neuroinflammation. FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 13:846631. [PMID: 35370714 PMCID: PMC8969099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs), which is characterized by the activation of microglia, inflammatory pathways and the release of inflammatory mediators. Sigesbeckia orientalis L. (SO) is a traditional Chinese medicine which demonstrates anti-inflammatory activities in different models. In this study, we aim to isolate the active fraction from the extract of SO with higher anti-inflammatory potential and confirm if the selected fraction exerts neuroprotection against the development of PND in an animal model. Moreover, the components in the selected fraction would be determined by UPLC-PDA analysis. Three fractions were prepared by column chromatography packed with three different macroporous resins. Anti-inflammatory activities of prepared fractions were accessed in microglial BV2 cultures by nitric oxide release, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory JNK and NF-kB pathway molecules. Our results demonstrated that the fraction prepared from D101 macroporous resin (D101 fraction) exhibited a more potent anti-neuroinflammatory effect. The neuroprotective effect of D101 fraction was further examined in postoperative mice. Our results showed that surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction was attenuated by the D101 fraction treatment. This fraction also reduced microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting JNK and NF-kB pathway molecules in the hippocampus. In addition, surgery induced dendritic spine loss while D101 fraction ameliorated the spine loss in the hippocampus. For safety concerns, anti-thrombotic effect was examined by tail bleeding assay and no significant change of the bleeding pattern was found. UPLC-PDA analysis indicated that flavonoids (rutin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C) and terpenoid (darutoside) were the most important components in the D101 fraction. Our results support a therapeutic, as well as the translational potential for D101 fraction in ameliorating postoperative neuroinflammation and subsequent PND in the clinical setting without increasing bleeding tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Man Tak Chu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amina Abulimiti
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Shing Hei Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guan Ding Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, The University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Shi Hang Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, The University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Ming Ming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, The University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, The University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Gordon Tin Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chater TE, Goda Y. The Shaping of AMPA Receptor Surface Distribution by Neuronal Activity. FRONTIERS IN SYNAPTIC NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 14:833782. [PMID: 35387308 PMCID: PMC8979068 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.833782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is critically dependent on the number, position, and composition of receptor proteins on the postsynaptic neuron. Of these, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are responsible for the majority of postsynaptic depolarization at excitatory mammalian synapses following glutamate release. AMPARs are continually trafficked to and from the cell surface, and once at the surface, AMPARs laterally diffuse in and out of synaptic domains. Moreover, the subcellular distribution of AMPARs is shaped by patterns of activity, as classically demonstrated by the synaptic insertion or removal of AMPARs following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), respectively. Crucially, there are many subtleties in the regulation of AMPARs, and exactly how local and global synaptic activity drives the trafficking and retention of synaptic AMPARs of different subtypes continues to attract attention. Here we will review how activity can have differential effects on AMPAR distribution and trafficking along with its subunit composition and phosphorylation state, and we highlight some of the controversies and remaining questions. As the AMPAR field is extensive, to say the least, this review will focus primarily on cellular and molecular studies in the hippocampus. We apologise to authors whose work could not be cited directly owing to space limitations.
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40
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Paraschivescu C, Barbosa S, Van Steenwinckel J, Gressens P, Glaichenhaus N, Davidovic L. Early Life Exposure to Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Precocious Sensorimotor Reflexes Acquisition and Increases Locomotor Activity During Mouse Postnatal Development. FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 16:845458. [PMID: 35368298 PMCID: PMC8964393 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.845458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation appears as a cardinal mediator of the deleterious effect of early life stress exposure on neurodevelopment. More generally, immune activation during the perinatal period, and most importantly elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels could contribute to psychopathology and neurological deficits later in life. Cytokines are also required for normal brain function in homeostatic conditions and play a role in neurodevelopmental processes. Despite these latter studies, whether pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and behavior during the immediate postnatal period remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, we have injected mouse pups daily with recombinant TNF from postnatal day (P)1 to P5. This yielded a robust increase in peripheral and central TNF at P5, and also an increase of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines. Compared to control pups injected with saline, mice injected with TNF acquired the righting and the acoustic startle reflexes more rapidly and exhibited increased locomotor activity 2 weeks after birth. Our results extend previous work restricted to adult behaviors and support the notion that cytokines, and notably TNF, modulate early neurodevelopmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Paraschivescu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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Miola A, Dal Porto V, Meda N, Perini G, Solmi M, Sambataro F. Secondary Mania induced by TNF-α inhibitors: A systematic review. PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 76:15-21. [PMID: 34590391 PMCID: PMC9298409 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies support a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and bipolar disorders. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors have recently attracted interest as potential therapeutic compounds for treating depressive symptoms, but the risk for triggering mood switches in patients with or without bipolar disorders remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to study the anti-TNF-α medication-induced manic or hypomanic episodes. PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases were screened for a comprehensive literature search from inception until November 2020, using The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Out of the initial 75 references, the screening resulted in the inclusion of four case reports (each describing one patient) and a cohort study (in which 40 patients out of 7600-0.53% - experienced elated mood episodes after infliximab administration). Of these 44 patients, 97.7% experienced a manic episode and 2.3% hypomania. 93.2% of patients had no history of psychiatric disorder or psychotropic treatment. Only 6.8% had a history of psychiatric disorders with the affective spectrum (4.6% dysthymia and 2.3% bipolar disorder). The time of onset of manic or hypomanic symptoms varied across TNF-α inhibitors with an early onset for Infliximab and a later onset for Adalimumab and Etanercept. These findings suggest that medications targeting the TNF-α pathway may trigger a manic episode in patients with or without affective disorders. However, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the relative risk of such side effects and identify the population susceptible to secondary mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Casa di Cura Parco dei Tigli, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Meda
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Casa di Cura Parco dei Tigli, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Hoshikawa T, Okamoto N, Natsuyama T, Fujii R, Ikenouchi A, Honma Y, Harada M, Yoshimura R. Associations of Serum Cytokines, Growth Factors, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Major Depression with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Explanatory Investigation. NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT 2022; 18:173-186. [PMID: 35140467 PMCID: PMC8820450 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s350121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the serum levels of cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1, and their association with major depression in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also investigated the response to antidepressant treatment in both groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-one patients with major depression were recruited at the University Hospital of Occupational and Environmental Health. All patients were diagnosed with major depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Japan Diabetes Society. Six healthy controls with no history of psychiatric or physical diseases were also enrolled. Serum levels of several cytokines, growth factors, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. The clinical symptoms of patients with major depression were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Significant differences in cytokines, growth factors, and hs-CRP were observed between the major depression and healthy control groups. Serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with major depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the major depression group, serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels tended to be higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without. Several correlations among cytokines, growth factors, and hs-CRP were observed in patients with major depression with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Responses to pharmacological interventions for major depression did not differ between patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Serum levels of TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 were different between patients with major depression with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also, correlations were found between serum levels of cytokines, growth factors, and hs-CRP in patients with major depression. Inflammatory factors, which may be associated with growth factors, may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depression, particularly among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hoshikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Naomichi Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Natsuyama
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Rintaro Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikenouchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- 3rd Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- 3rd Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
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Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S. Pathophysiological role of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-021-00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue or body fats, are also called adipocytokines which are cytokines, cell signaling proteins or cell–cell communication. However, AF is a common cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart beats so fast by abnormal beating and is a serious public health disease associated with increased heart failure, systemic thromboembolism, and death. Adipokines are cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediators or biomarkers that affect the heart as well as blood vessels, by increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, which result in the extent of left ventricular and atrial remodeling.
Main body
Google Scholar, PubMed, and science direct were used to review the literature. Many keywords were used for searching the literature such as Adipokines, Leptin, Apelin, Adiponectin, Omentin-1, Chemerin, CTRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and AF. According to the literature, much more data are available for numerous adipokines, but this review article only has taken few major adipokines which played their major role in Atrial Fibrillation. The review article did not limit the time frame.
Conclusion
In conclusion, adipokines play a significant role in the development and progress of atrial fibrillation. Also, there are major adipokines such as adiponectin, apelin, C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3), Chemerin, Omentin-1, interleukin-6, Leptin, TNF-α, resistin, and interleukin-10, which played their pathophysiological role in atrial fibrillation by causing cardiac hypertrophy, increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, atrial fibrosis, electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue.
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Hayley S, Sun H. Neuroimmune multi-hit perspective of coronaviral infection. JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 18:231. [PMID: 34645457 PMCID: PMC8512650 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that environmental stressors experienced over a one’s life, from microbial infections to chemical toxicants to even psychological stressors, ultimately shape central nervous system (CNS) functioning but can also contribute to its eventual breakdown. The severity, timing and type of such environmental “hits”, woven together with genetic factors, likely determine what CNS outcomes become apparent. This focused review assesses the current COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of a multi-hit framework and disuses how the SARS-COV-2 virus (causative agent) might impact the brain and potentially interact with other environmental insults. What the long-term consequences of SAR2 COV-2 upon neuronal processes is yet unclear, but emerging evidence is suggesting the possibility of microglial or other inflammatory factors as potentially contributing to neurodegenerative illnesses. Finally, it is critical to consider the impact of the virus in the context of the substantial psychosocial stress that has been associated with the global pandemic. Indeed, the loneliness, fear to the future and loss of social support alone has exerted a massive impact upon individuals, especially the vulnerable very young and the elderly. The substantial upswing in depression, anxiety and eating disorders is evidence of this and in the years to come, this might be matched by a similar spike in dementia, as well as motor and cognitive neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Smilovic D, Rietsche M, Drakew A, Vuksic M, Deller T. Constitutive tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-deficiency causes a reduction in spine density in mouse dentate granule cells accompanied by homeostatic adaptations of spine head size. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2021; 530:656-669. [PMID: 34498735 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The majority of excitatory synapses terminating on cortical neurons are found on dendritic spines. The geometry of spines, in particular the size of the spine head, tightly correlates with the strength of the excitatory synapse formed with the spine. Under conditions of synaptic plasticity, spine geometry may change, reflecting functional adaptations. Since the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to influence synaptic transmission as well as Hebbian and homeostatic forms of synaptic plasticity, we speculated that TNF-deficiency may cause concomitant structural changes at the level of dendritic spines. To address this question, we analyzed spine density and spine head area of Alexa568-filled granule cells in the dentate gyrus of adult C57BL/6J and TNF-deficient (TNF-KO) mice. Tissue sections were double-stained for the actin-modulating and plasticity-related protein synaptopodin (SP), a molecular marker for strong and stable spines. Dendritic segments of TNF-deficient granule cells exhibited ∼20% fewer spines in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus compared to controls, indicating a reduced afferent innervation. Of note, these segments also had larger spines containing larger SP-clusters. This pattern of changes is strikingly similar to the one seen after denervation-associated spine loss following experimental entorhinal denervation of granule cells: Denervated granule cells increase the SP-content and strength of their remaining spines to homeostatically compensate for those that were lost. Our data suggest a similar compensatory mechanism in TNF-deficient granule cells in response to a reduction in their afferent innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Smilovic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Rietsche
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Drakew
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mario Vuksic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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46
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Extracellular Metalloproteinases in the Plasticity of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. CELLS 2021; 10:cells10082055. [PMID: 34440823 PMCID: PMC8391609 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity is shaped by the controlled reorganization of the synaptic proteome. A key component of this process is local proteolysis performed by the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In recent years, considerable progress was achieved in identifying extracellular proteases involved in neuroplasticity phenomena and their protein substrates. Perisynaptic metalloproteinases regulate plastic changes at synapses through the processing of extracellular and membrane proteins. MMP9 was found to play a crucial role in excitatory synapses by controlling the NMDA-dependent LTP component. In addition, MMP3 regulates the L-type calcium channel-dependent form of LTP as well as the plasticity of neuronal excitability. Both MMP9 and MMP3 were implicated in memory and learning. Moreover, altered expression or mutations of different MMPs are associated with learning deficits and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, addiction, or stress response. Contrary to excitatory drive, the investigation into the role of extracellular proteolysis in inhibitory synapses is only just beginning. Herein, we review the principal mechanisms of MMP involvement in the plasticity of excitatory transmission and the recently discovered role of proteolysis in inhibitory synapses. We discuss how different matrix metalloproteinases shape dynamics and turnover of synaptic adhesome and signal transduction pathways in neurons. Finally, we discuss future challenges in exploring synapse- and plasticity-specific functions of different metalloproteinases.
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Mourão AA, Shimoura CG, Andrade MA, Truong TT, Pedrino GR, Toney GM. Local ionotropic glutamate receptors are required to trigger and sustain ramping of sympathetic nerve activity by hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus TNF α. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 321:H580-H591. [PMID: 34355986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00322.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in cardiovascular disease models, but mechanisms are incompletely understood. As previously reported, bilateral PVN TNFα (0.6 pmol, 50 nL) induced acute ramping of splanchnic SNA (SSNA) that averaged +64 ± 7% after 60 min and +109 ± 17% after 120 min (P < 0.0001, n = 10). Given that TNFα can rapidly strengthen glutamatergic transmission, we hypothesized that progressive activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors is critically involved. When compared with that of vehicle (n = 5), prior blockade of PVN AMPA or NMDA receptors in anesthetized (urethane/α-chloralose) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats dose-dependently (ED50: 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), 2.48 nmol; D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), 12.33 nmol), but incompletely (Emax: NBQX, 64%; APV, 41%), attenuated TNFα-induced SSNA ramping (n = 5/dose). By contrast, combined receptor blockade prevented ramping (1.3 ± 2.1%, P < 0.0001, n = 5). Whereas separate blockade of PVN AMPA or NMDA receptors (n = 5/group) had little effect on continued SSNA ramping when performed 60 min after TNFα injection, combined blockade (n = 5) or PVN inhibition with the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol (n = 5) effectively stalled, without reversing, the SSNA ramp. Notably, PVN TNFα increased local TNFα immunofluorescence after 120, but not 60 min. Findings indicate that AMPA and NMDA receptors each contribute to SSNA ramping to PVN TNFα, and that their collective availability and ongoing activity are required to initiate and sustain the ramping response. We conclude that acute sympathetic activation by PVN TNFα involves progressive local glutamatergic excitation that recruits downstream neurons capable of maintaining heightened SSNA, but incapable of sustaining SSNA ramping.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The proinflammatory cytokine TNFα contributes to heightened SNA in cardiovascular disease models, but mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that TNFα injection into the hypothalamic PVN triggers SNA ramping by mechanisms dependent on local ionotropic glutamate receptor availability, but largely independent of TNFα autoinduction. Continued SNA ramping depends on ionotropic glutamate receptor and neuronal activity in PVN, indicating that strengthening and/or increased efficacy of glutamatergic transmission is necessary for acute sympathoexcitation by PVN TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Mourão
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Caroline G Shimoura
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mary Ann Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tamara T Truong
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gustavo R Pedrino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Glenn M Toney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Acharjee S, Gordon PMK, Lee BH, Read J, Workentine ML, Sharkey KA, Pittman QJ. Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2021; 11:14319. [PMID: 34253764 PMCID: PMC8275680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Acharjee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Justin Read
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Wang Y, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Instructive roles of astrocytes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity: neuronal activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms. FEBS JOURNAL 2021; 289:2202-2218. [PMID: 33864430 PMCID: PMC9290076 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the adult hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is important for information processing, learning, and memory encoding. Astrocytes, the most common glial cells, play a pivotal role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. While astrocytes were initially described as a homogenous cell population, emerging evidence indicates that in the adult hippocampus, astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and can differentially respond to changes in neuronal activity in a subregion‐dependent manner to actively modulate synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize how local neuronal activity changes regulate the interactions between astrocytes and synapses, either by modulating the secretion of gliotransmitters and synaptogenic proteins or via contact‐mediated signaling pathways. In turn, these specific responses induced in astrocytes mediate the interactions between astrocytes and neurons, thus shaping synaptic communication in the adult hippocampus. Importantly, the activation of astrocytic signaling is required for memory performance including memory acquisition and recall. Meanwhile, the dysregulation of this signaling can cause hippocampal circuit dysfunction in pathological conditions, resulting in cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Indeed, reactive astrocytes, which have dysregulated signaling associated with memory, are induced in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic mouse model of AD. Emerging technologies that can precisely manipulate and monitor astrocytic signaling in vivo enable the examination of the specific actions of astrocytes in response to neuronal activity changes as well as how they modulate synaptic connections and circuit activity. Such findings will clarify the roles of astrocytes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
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50
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Monitoring and Modulating Inflammation-Associated Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity: Role of Brain Stimulation and the Blood-Brain Interface. BIOMOLECULES 2021; 11:biom11030359. [PMID: 33652912 PMCID: PMC7996828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of the central nervous system can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as local or systemic infection, trauma, and stroke. In addition to neurodegeneration and cell death, alterations in physiological brain functions are often associated with neuroinflammation. Robust experimental evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines affect the ability of neurons to express plasticity. It has been well-established that inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nevertheless, diagnostic approaches and interventional strategies to restore inflammatory deficits in synaptic plasticity are limited. Here, we review recent findings on inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity and the potential role of the blood–brain interface, i.e., the blood–brain barrier, in modulating synaptic plasticity. Based on recent findings indicating that brain stimulation promotes plasticity and modulates vascular function, we argue that clinically employed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, could be used for monitoring and modulating inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity.
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