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Akcay E, Karatas H. P2X7 receptors from the perspective of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in depression: Potential role of cannabidiol. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 41:100853. [PMID: 39296605 PMCID: PMC11407962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Many patients with depressive disorder do not respond to conventional antidepressant treatment. There is an ongoing interest in investigating potential mechanisms of treatment resistance in depression to provide alternative treatment options involving inflammatory mechanisms. Increasing evidence implicates the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a critical factor in neuroinflammation. ATP-induced P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation is a major trigger for inflammation, activating the canonical NLRP3 inflammatory cascade. Psychosocial stress, the primary environmental risk factor for depression, is associated with changes in ATP-mediated P2X7R signaling. Depression and stress response can be alleviated by Cannabidiol (CBD). CBD has an anti-inflammatory activity related to the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, CBD's effects on the inflammasome pathway are poorly understood in central nervous system (CNS) cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. This review will emphasize some findings for neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway involvement in depression, particularly addressing the ATP-induced P2X7R activation. Moreover, we will underline evidence for the effect of CBD on depression and address its potential impacts on neuroinflammation through the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akcay
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Domingos LB, Silva Júnior AFD, Diniz CRAF, Rosa J, Terzian ALB, Moraes Resstel LB. P2X7 receptors modulate acquisition of cue fear extinction and contextual background memory generalization in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 261:110177. [PMID: 39366651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in several brain regions, particularly those involved with emotional control and the regulation of fear-related memories. Here, we investigate the role of P2X7R in fear learning memory, specifically in the acquisition and consolidation phases of the cued fear conditioning paradigm. C57Bl/6 wildtype (WT) male mice that received a single i.p. injection of the selective P2X7R antagonist A438079 prior the conditioning session showed generalization of cued fear memory and impaired fear extinction recall in the test session, while those treated prior the extinction session exhibited a similar behavior profile accompanied by resistance in the extinction learning. However, no effects were observed when this drug was administered immediately after the conditioning, extinction, or before the test session. Our results with P2X7R knockout (P2X7 KO) mice showed a behavioral profile that mirrored the collective effects observed across all pharmacological treatment conditions. This suggests that the P2X7R KO model effectively replicates the behavioral changes induced by the pharmacological interventions, demonstrating that we have successfully isolated the role of P2X7R in the fear and extinction phases of memory. These findings highlight the role of P2X7R in the acquisition and recall of extinction memory and supports P2X7R as a promising candidate for controlling abnormal fear processing, with potential applications for stress exposure-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barreto Domingos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Cassiano Ricardo Alves Faria Diniz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Ana Luisa B Terzian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Simões JLB, de Carvalho Braga G, Eichler SW, da Silva GB, Bagatini MD. Implications of COVID-19 in Parkinson's disease: the purinergic system in a therapeutic-target perspective to diminish neurodegeneration. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:487-507. [PMID: 38460075 PMCID: PMC11377384 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. With advent of COVID-19, which is closely associated with generalized inflammation and multiple organ dysfunctions, the PD patients may develop severe conditions of disease leading to exacerbated degeneration. This condition is caused by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory markers, called cytokine storm, that is capable of triggering neurodegenerative conditions by affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A possible SARS-CoV-2 infection, in serious cases, may compromise the immune system by triggering a hyperstimulation of the neuroimmune response, similar to the pathological processes found in PD. From this perspective, the inflammatory scenario triggers oxidative stress and, consequently, cellular dysfunction in the nervous tissue. The P2X7R seems to be the key mediator of the neuroinflammatory process, as it acts by increasing the concentration of ATP, allowing the influx of Ca2+ and the occurrence of mutations in the α-synuclein protein, causing activation of this receptor. Thus, modulation of the purinergic system may have therapeutic potential on the effects of PD, as well as on the damage caused by inflammation of the BBB, which may be able to mitigate the neurodegeneration caused by diseases. Considering all the processes of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction that PD propose, we can conclude that the P2X7 antagonist acts in the prevention of viral diseases, and it also controls purinergic receptors formed by multi-target compounds directed to self-amplification circuits and, therefore, may be a viable strategy to obtain the desired disease-modifying effect. Thus, purinergic system receptor modulations have a high therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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4
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Togre NS, Mekala N, Bhoj PS, Mogadala N, Winfield M, Trivedi J, Grove D, Kotnala S, Rom S, Sriram U, Persidsky Y. Neuroinflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier injury in chronic alcohol exposure: role of purinergic P2 × 7 Receptor signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:244. [PMID: 39342243 PMCID: PMC11439317 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation and blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage, resulting in neurological impairment. We previously demonstrated that ethanol-induced disruption of barrier function in human brain endothelial cells was associated with mitochondrial injury, increased ATP and extracellular vesicle (EV) release, and purinergic receptor P2 × 7R activation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of P2 × 7R blockade on peripheral and neuro-inflammation in ethanol-exposed mice. In a chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE)-exposed mouse model, P2 × 7R was inhibited by two different methods: Brilliant Blue G (BBG) or gene knockout. We assessed blood ethanol concentration (BEC), brain microvessel gene expression by using RT2 PCR array, plasma P2 × 7R and P-gp, serum ATP, EV-ATP, number of EVs, and EV mtDNA copy numbers. An RT2 PCR array of brain microvessels revealed significant upregulation of proinflammatory genes involved in apoptosis, vasodilation, and platelet activation in CIE-exposed wild-type animals, which were decreased 15-50-fold in BBG-treated-CIE-exposed animals. Plasma P-gp levels and serum P2 × 7R shedding were significantly increased in CIE-exposed animals. Pharmacological or genetic suppression of P2 × 7R decreased receptor shedding to levels equivalent to those in control group. The increase in EV number and EV-ATP content in the CIE-exposed mice was significantly reduced by P2 × 7R inhibition. CIE mice showed augmented EV-mtDNA copy numbers which were reduced in EVs after P2 × 7R inhibition or receptor knockout. These observations suggested that P2 × 7R signaling plays a critical role in ethanol-induced brain injury. Increased extracellular ATP, EV-ATP, EV numbers, and EV-mtDNA copy numbers highlight a new mechanism of brain injury during alcohol exposure via P2 × 7R and biomarkers of such damage. In this study, for the first time, we report the in vivo involvement of P2 × 7R signaling in CIE-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev S Togre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Naveen Mekala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Priyanka S Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nikhita Mogadala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Malika Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jayshil Trivedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Deborah Grove
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Takahashi A. Associations of the immune system in aggression traits and the role of microglia as mediators. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110021. [PMID: 38825308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an important relationship between the immune system and aggressive behavior. Aggressive encounters acutely increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and there are positive correlations between aggressive traits and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, which results in peripheral immune activation, decreases aggressive behavior as one of the sickness behavioral symptoms. In contrast, certain brain infections and chronic interferon treatment are associated with increased aggression. Indeed, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the brain in aggressive behavior are bidirectional, depending on the type and dose of cytokine, target brain region, and type of aggression. Some studies have suggested that microglial activation and neuroinflammation influence intermale aggression in rodent models. In addition, pathological conditions as well as physiological levels of cytokines produced by microglia play an important role in social and aggressive behavior in adult animals. Furthermore, microglial function in early development is necessary for the establishment of the social brain and the expression of juvenile social behaviors, including play fighting. Overall, this review discusses the important link between the immune system and aggressive traits and the role of microglia as mediators of this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Jin GN, Wang Y, Liu YM, Lu YN, Lu JM, Wang JH, Ma JW, Quan YZ, Gao HY, Cui YX, Xu X, Piao LX. Arctiin Mitigates Neuronal Injury by Modulating the P2X7R/NLPR3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02117-z. [PMID: 39154088 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Depression, recognized globally as a primary cause of disability, has its pathogenesis closely related to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Arctiin (ARC), the major bioactive component of Fructus arctii, has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Building on previous findings that highlighted ARC's capability to mitigate depression by dampening microglial hyperactivation and thereby reducing neuroinflammatory responses and cortical neuronal damage in mice, the current study delves deeper into ARC's therapeutic potential by examining its impact on hippocampal neuronal damage in depression. Utilizing both chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model in mice and corticosterone (CORT)-stimulated PC12 cell model of neuronal damage, the techniques including Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, ELISA, lactate dehydrogenase assays, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence staining and molecular docking were employed to unravel the mechanisms behind ARC's neuroprotective effects. The findings revealed that ARC not only mitigates hippocampal neuropathological damage and reduces serum CORT levels in CUMS-exposed mice but also enhances cell activity while reducing lactate dehydrogenase release in CORT-stimulated PC12 cells. ARC attenuated neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the overactivation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway, similar to the effect of A438079 (P2X7R antagonist). Interestingly, pretreatment with A438079 blocked the neuroprotective effect of ARC. Computer modeling predicted that both ARC and A438079 have strong binding with P2X7R and they have the same binding site. These results suggested that ARC may exert a neuroprotective role by binding to P2X7R, thereby inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Nan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu-Nan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-Mei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue-Xian Cui
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Lian-Xun Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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7
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Singh S, Sarroza D, English A, Whittington D, Dong A, Malamas M, Makriyannis A, van der Stelt M, Li Y, Zweifel L, Bruchas MR, Land BB, Stella N. P2X 7 receptor-dependent increase in endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol production by neuronal cells in culture: Dynamics and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2459-2477. [PMID: 38581262 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurotransmission and neuroinflammation are controlled by local increases in both extracellular ATP and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). While it is known that extracellular ATP stimulates 2-AG production in cells in culture, the dynamics and molecular mechanisms that underlie this response remain poorly understood. Detection of real-time changes in eCB levels with the genetically encoded sensor, GRABeCB2.0, can address this shortfall. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 2-AG and arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) levels in Neuro2a (N2a) cells were measured by LC-MS, and GRABeCB2.0 fluorescence changes were detected using live-cell confocal microscopy and a 96-well fluorescence plate reader. KEY RESULTS 2-AG and AEA increased GRABeCB2.0 fluorescence in N2a cells with EC50 values of 81 and 58 nM, respectively; both responses were reduced by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) antagonist SR141617 and absent in cells expressing the mutant-GRABeCB2.0. ATP increased only 2-AG levels in N2a cells, as measured by LC-MS, and induced a transient increase in the GRABeCB2.0 signal within minutes primarily via activation of P2X7 receptors (P2X7R). This response was dependent on diacylglycerol lipase β activity, partially dependent on extracellular calcium and phospholipase C activity, but not controlled by the 2-AG hydrolysing enzyme, α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Considering that P2X7R activation increases 2-AG levels within minutes, our results show how these molecular components are mechanistically linked. The specific molecular components in these signalling systems represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological diseases, such as chronic pain, that involve dysregulated neurotransmission and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis Sarroza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony English
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale Whittington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ao Dong
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yulong Li
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Larry Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin B Land
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Alves M, Gil B, Villegas-Salmerón J, Salari V, Martins-Ferreira R, Arribas Blázquez M, Menéndez Méndez A, Da Rosa Gerbatin R, Smith J, de Diego-Garcia L, Conte G, Sierra-Marquez J, Merino Serrais P, Mitra M, Fernandez Martin A, Wang Y, Kesavan J, Melia C, Parras A, Beamer E, Zimmer B, Heiland M, Cavanagh B, Parcianello Cipolat R, Morgan J, Teng X, Prehn JHM, Fabene PF, Bertini G, Artalejo AR, Ballestar E, Nicke A, Olivos-Oré LA, Connolly NMC, Henshall DC, Engel T. Opposing effects of the purinergic P2X7 receptor on seizures in neurons and microglia in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:121-140. [PMID: 38777288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purinergic ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognized to contribute to pathological neuroinflammation and brain hyperexcitability. P2X7R expression has been shown to be increased in the brain, including both microglia and neurons, in experimental models of epilepsy and patients. To date, the cell type-specific downstream effects of P2X7Rs during seizures remain, however, incompletely understood. METHODS Effects of P2X7R signaling on seizures and epilepsy were analyzed in induced seizure models using male mice including the kainic acid model of status epilepticus and pentylenetetrazole model and in male and female mice in a genetic model of Dravet syndrome. RNA sequencing was used to analyze P2X7R downstream signaling during seizures. To investigate the cell type-specific role of the P2X7R during seizures and epilepsy, we generated mice lacking exon 2 of the P2rx7 gene in either microglia (P2rx7:Cx3cr1-Cre) or neurons (P2rx7:Thy-1-Cre). To investigate the protective potential of overexpressing P2X7R in GABAergic interneurons, P2X7Rs were overexpressed using adeno-associated virus transduction under the mDlx promoter. RESULTS RNA sequencing of hippocampal tissue from wild-type and P2X7R knock-out mice identified both glial and neuronal genes, in particular genes involved in GABAergic signaling, under the control of the P2X7R following seizures. Mice with deleted P2rx7 in microglia displayed less severe acute seizures and developed a milder form of epilepsy, and microglia displayed an anti-inflammatory molecular profile. In contrast, mice lacking P2rx7 in neurons showed a more severe seizure phenotype when compared to epileptic wild-type mice. Analysis of single-cell expression data revealed that human P2RX7 expression is elevated in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Functional studies determined that GABAergic interneurons display increased responses to P2X7R activation in experimental epilepsy. Finally, we show that viral transduction of P2X7R in GABAergic interneurons protects against evoked and spontaneous seizures in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy and in mice lacking Scn1a, a model of Dravet syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a dual and opposing action of P2X7R in epilepsy and suggest P2X7R overexpression in GABAergic interneurons as a novel therapeutic strategy for acquired and, possibly, genetic forms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Gil
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Javier Villegas-Salmerón
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Valentina Salari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ricardo Martins-Ferreira
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Arribas Blázquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain
| | - Rogerio Da Rosa Gerbatin
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Laura de Diego-Garcia
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalon, 118 (28037), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Juan Sierra-Marquez
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Paula Merino Serrais
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Meghma Mitra
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ana Fernandez Martin
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara Melia
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; VivoArchitect, Route de la Corniche 5, 1066 Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Béla Zimmer
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rafael Parcianello Cipolat
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - James Morgan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xinchen Teng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Paolo F Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio R Artalejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis A Olivos-Oré
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.
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9
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Soni S, Lukhey MS, Thawkar BS, Chintamaneni M, Kaur G, Joshi H, Ramniwas S, Tuli HS. A current review on P2X7 receptor antagonist patents in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders: a patent review on antagonists. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4643-4656. [PMID: 38349395 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is defined by an activated microglial state linked to all neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a motor neuron disease that affects the brain and spinal cord). P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are ATP-activated ion-gated channels present on microglial surfaces. Prolonged ATP release under pathological settings results in sustained P2X7R activation, which leads to inflammasome development and cytokine release. P2X7R and its enabling roles have recently been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, making it a potential research subject. This research provides an overview of current patents for chemicals, biologics, and medicinal applications. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO, Espacenet), and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) databases were searched for patents using the keywords "P2X7R and Neuroinflammation." During the study period from 2015 to 2021, 103 patents were examined. The countries that protected these innovations were the United States, PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty states), Europe, Canada, Australia, and India. Janssen Pharmaceutica NV had the most applications, followed by Acetelion Pharmaceuticals LTD., Renovis Inc., Kelly Michael G, Kincaid Jhon, Merck Patent GMBH, H Lundbeck A/S, and many more. The P2X7R is a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer, pain disorders, and inflammation. For P2X7 R, several compounds have been discovered and are presently the subject of clinical trial investigations. This study featured patents for P2X7R antagonists, which help treat conditions including neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Mihir S Lukhey
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Baban S Thawkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Meena Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India.
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10
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Thakku Sivakumar D, Jain K, Alfehaid N, Wang Y, Teng X, Fischer W, Engel T. The Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Target for Adjunctive Treatment for Drug-Refractory Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6894. [PMID: 39000004 PMCID: PMC11241490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide. Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) with anticonvulsants remain the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. Currently used ASMs are, however, ineffective to suppress seizures in about one third of all patients. Moreover, ASMs show no significant impact on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in epilepsy development or disease progression and may cause serious side-effects, highlighting the need for the identification of new drug targets for a more causal therapy. Compelling evidence has demonstrated a role for purinergic signalling, including the nucleotide adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) during the generation of seizures and epilepsy. Consequently, drugs targeting specific ATP-gated purinergic receptors have been suggested as promising treatment options for epilepsy including the cationic P2X7 receptor (P27XR). P2X7R protein levels have been shown to be increased in the brain of experimental models of epilepsy and in the resected brain tissue of patients with epilepsy. Animal studies have provided evidence that P2X7R blocking can reduce the severity of acute seizures and the epileptic phenotype. The current review will provide a brief summary of recent key findings on P2X7R signalling during seizures and epilepsy focusing on the potential clinical use of treatments based on the P2X7R as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for drug-refractory seizures and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyeshz Thakku Sivakumar
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Krishi Jain
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noura Alfehaid
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- International College of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinchen Teng
- International College of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Pegoraro A, Grignolo M, Ruo L, Ricci L, Adinolfi E. P2X7 Variants in Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6673. [PMID: 38928378 PMCID: PMC11204217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) modulates different intracellular pathways, including pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting cascades. ATP is released by cells and necrotic tissues during stressful conditions and accumulates mainly in the inflammatory and tumoral microenvironments. As a consequence, both the P2X7 blockade and agonism have been proposed as therapeutic strategies in phlogosis and cancer. Nevertheless, most studies have been carried out on the WT fully functional receptor variant. In recent years, the discovery of P2X7 variants derived by alternative splicing mechanisms or single-nucleotide substitutions gave rise to the investigation of these new P2X7 variants' roles in different processes and diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the literature covering the function of human P2X7 splice variants and polymorphisms in diverse pathophysiological contexts, paying particular attention to their role in oncological and neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (L.R.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (L.R.); (L.R.)
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12
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Huang ACW, Shih HC, Shyu BC. The P2X7 Hypothesis of Central Post-Stroke Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6577. [PMID: 38928280 PMCID: PMC11204365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study examined how P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) modulates central post-stroke pain (CPSP) induced by lesions of the ventrobasal complex (VBC) of the thalamus in behaviors, molecular levels, and electrical recording tests. Following the experimental procedure, the wild-type and P2X7 receptor KO mice were injected with 10 mU/0.2 μL type IV collagenase in the VBC of the thalamus to induce an animal model of stroke-like thalamic hemorrhage. Behavioral data showed that the CPSP group induced thermal and mechanical pain. The P2X7 receptor KO group showed reduced thermal and mechanical pain responses compared to the CPSP group. Molecular assessments revealed that the CPSP group had lower expression of NeuN and KCC2 and higher expression of GFAP, IBA1, and BDNF. The P2X7 KO group showed lower expression of GFAP, IBA1, and BDNF but nonsignificant differences in KCC2 expression than the CPSP group. The expression of NKCC1, GABAa receptor, and TrkB did not differ significantly between the control, CPSP, and P2X7 receptor KO groups. Muscimol, a GABAa agonist, application increased multiunit numbers for monitoring many neurons and [Cl-] outflux in the cytosol in the CPSP group, while P2X7 receptor KO reduced multiunit activity and increased [Cl-] influx compared to the CPSP group. P2X4 receptor expression was significantly decreased in the 100 kDa but not the 50 kDa site in the P2X7 receptor KO group. Altogether, the P2X7 hypothesis of CPSP was proposed, wherein P2X7 receptor KO altered the CPSP pain responses, numbers of astrocytes and microglia, CSD amplitude of the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial dorsal thalamus, BDNF expression, [Cl-] influx, and P2X4 expression in 100 kDa with P2X7 receptors. The present findings have implications for the clinical treatment of CPSP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsi-Chien Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Bai Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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13
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Kesavan J, Watters O, de Diego-Garcia L, Méndez AM, Alves M, Dinkel K, Hamacher M, Prehn JHM, Henshall DC, Engel T. Functional expression of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor in human iPSC-derived astrocytes. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:303-309. [PMID: 37453017 PMCID: PMC11189378 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), implicated in numerous diseases of the brain, can trigger diverse responses such as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of neurotransmission, cell proliferation or cell death. However, despite the known species-specific differences in its pharmacological properties, to date, most functional studies on P2X7R responses have been analyzed in cells from rodents or immortalised cell lines. To assess the endogenous and functional expression of P2X7Rs in human astrocytes, we differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into GFAP and S100 β-expressing astrocytes. Immunostaining revealed prominent punctate P2X7R staining. P2X7R protein expression was also confirmed by Western blot. Importantly, stimulation with the potent non-selective P2X7R agonist 2',3'-O-(benzoyl-4-benzoyl)-adenosine 5'- triphosphate (BzATP) or endogenous agonist ATP induced robust calcium rises in hiPSC-derived astrocytes which were blocked by the selective P2X7R antagonists AFC-5128 or JNJ-47965567. Our findings provide evidence for the functional expression of P2X7Rs in hiPSC-derived astrocytes and support their in vitro utility in investigating the role of the P2X7R and drug screening in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kesavan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Orla Watters
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Science & Computing, SETU Waterford, Cork Rd., Co., Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Laura de Diego-Garcia
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Optic and Optometry, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28037, Spain
| | - Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Klaus Dinkel
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Hamacher
- Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG, Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
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14
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Kawanaka R, Jin H, Aoe T. Unraveling the Connection: Pain and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4995. [PMID: 38732214 PMCID: PMC11084550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex and multifaceted experience. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the induction and modulation of pain. The ER is an essential organelle for cells and plays a key role in protein folding and calcium dynamics. Various pathological conditions, such as ischemia, hypoxia, toxic substances, and increased protein production, may disturb protein folding, causing an increase in misfolding proteins in the ER. Such an overload of the folding process leads to ER stress and causes the unfolded protein response (UPR), which increases folding capacity in the ER. Uncompensated ER stress impairs intracellular signaling and cell function, resulting in various diseases, such as diabetes and degenerative neurological diseases. ER stress may be a critical universal mechanism underlying human diseases. Pain sensations involve the central as well as peripheral nervous systems. Several preclinical studies indicate that ER stress in the nervous system is enhanced in various painful states, especially in neuropathic pain conditions. The purpose of this narrative review is to uncover the intricate relationship between ER stress and pain, exploring molecular pathways, implications for various pain conditions, and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kawanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo University, Ichihara 299-0111, Japan
| | - Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Pain Center, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo University, Ichihara 299-0111, Japan
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15
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Magni L, Yu H, Christensen NM, Poulsen MH, Frueh A, Deshar G, Johansen AZ, Johansen JS, Pless SA, Jørgensen NR, Novak I. Human P2X7 receptor variants Gly150Arg and Arg276His polymorphisms have differential effects on risk association and cellular functions in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:148. [PMID: 38664691 PMCID: PMC11044319 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in the crosstalk between pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cancer cells, thus promoting progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R have been reported for several cancers, but have not been explored in PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from PDAC patients and controls were genotyped for 11 non-synonymous SNPs in P2X7R and a risk analysis was performed. Relevant P2X7R-SNP GFP variants were expressed in PSCs and cancer cells and their function was assayed in the following tests. Responses in Ca2+ were studied with Fura-2 and dye uptake with YO-PRO-1. Cell migration was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Released cytokines were measured with MSD assay. RESULTS Risk analysis showed that two SNPs 474G>A and 853G>A (rs28360447, rs7958316), that lead to the Gly150Arg and Arg276His variants, had a significant but opposite risk association with PDAC development, protecting against and predisposing to the disease, respectively. In vitro experiments performed on cancer cells and PSCs expressing the Gly150Arg variant showed reduced intracellular Ca2+ response, fluorescent dye uptake, and cell migration, while the Arg276His variant reduced dye uptake but displayed WT-like Ca2+ responses. As predicted, P2X7R was involved in cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α), but the P2X7R inhibitors displayed varied effects. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide evidence for the P2X7R SNPs association with PDAC and propose that they could be considered as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Magni
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Haoran Yu
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nynne M Christensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mette H Poulsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Frueh
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ganga Deshar
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Astrid Z Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stephan A Pless
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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16
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Liu J, Liu TT, Mou L, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang Q, Deng BL, Liu J. P2X7 receptor: a potential target for treating comorbid anxiety and depression. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10007-0. [PMID: 38642324 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, depression and anxiety frequently coexist, and they are both comorbid with somatic diseases. The P2X7R is an adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-gated non-selective cation channel that is widely expressed in immune-related cells. Under conditions of stress, chronic pain, and comorbid chronic physical illness, P2X7R activation in glial cells leads to neuroinflammation. This could contribute to the development of anxiety and depression-related emotional disturbances. Previous studies have shown that the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both anxiety and depression. Thus, the P2X7R may play a role in the comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Positron emission tomography can be used to assess the degree and location of neuroinflammation by monitoring functional and expression-related changes in P2X7R, which can facilitate clinical diagnoses and guide the treatment of patients with anxiety and depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene are associated with susceptibility to different types of psychiatric disorders. Thus, evaluating the SNPs of the P2X7R gene could enable personalized mood disorder diagnoses and treatments. If the P2X7R were set as a therapeutic target, selective P2X7R antagonists may modulate P2X7R function, thereby altering the balance of intra- and extra-cellular ATP. This could have therapeutic implications for treating anxiety and depression, as well as for pain management. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, the P2X7R plays an important role in anxiety and depression. In this review, we consider the potential of the P2X7R as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and depression, and discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qinglongchang Ward, Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Mou
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin-Lu Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Stefanova EE, Dychiao JVT, Chinn MC, Borhani M, Scott AL. P2X7 regulates ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation in adult Danio rerio following spinal cord injury. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060270. [PMID: 38526172 PMCID: PMC11033521 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, zebrafish undergo successful neural regeneration following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord ependymo-radial glia (ERG) undergo injury-induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation to replace damaged cells and restore motor function. However, the molecular cues driving these processes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved P2X7 receptors are widely distributed on neurons and ERG within the zebrafish spinal cord. At the protein level, the P2X7 receptor expressed in zebrafish is a truncated splice variant of the full-length variant found in mammals. The protein expression of this 50 kDa isoform was significantly downregulated at 7 days post-injury (dpi) but returned to basal levels at 14 dpi when compared to naïve controls. Pharmacological activation of P2X7 following SCI resulted in a greater number of proliferating cells around the central canal by 7 dpi but did not affect neuronal differentiation at 14 dpi. Our findings suggest that unlike in mammals, P2X7 signaling may not play a maladaptive role following SCI in adult zebrafish and may also work to curb the proliferative response of ERG following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Stefanova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mavis C. Chinn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matin Borhani
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela L. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Hiraide T, Hayashi T, Ito Y, Urushibata R, Uchida H, Kitagata R, Ishigaki H, Ogata T, Saitsu H, Fukuda T. Case Report: Novel compound heterozygous TPRKB variants cause Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1360867. [PMID: 38628357 PMCID: PMC11018998 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1360867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with central nervous system abnormalities. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding kinase, endopeptidase, and other proteins of small size (KEOPS) complex subunits cause GAMOS. The subunit TPRKB (TP53RK binding protein) has been reported in only two patients with GAMOS with homozygous missense variants. Clinical report Herein, we described a three-year-old male with GAMOS. He exhibited developmental delay, developmental regression, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed progressive brain atrophy, delayed myelination, T2-hypointense signals in the thalamus, and multiple intracranial abnormal signals on diffusion-weighted imaging. He presented with relapsing nephrotic proteinuria exacerbated by upper respiratory tract infections and progressive renal function decline. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous missense and frameshift variants in TPRKB: c.224dup, p.(Ser76IlefsTer3) and c.247C>T, p.(Leu83Phe). Conclusions Our study supports that pathogenic TPRKB variants cause KEOPS complex-related GAMOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hiraide
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taiju Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Rei Urushibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Kitagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ishigaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tokiko Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Hamamatsu Child Health and Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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19
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Iqbal J, Bano S, Khan IA, Huang Q. A patent review of P2X7 receptor antagonists to treat inflammatory diseases (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:263-271. [PMID: 38828613 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2363885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is expressed on the surface of many different types of cells, including immune cells. Targeting P2X7R with antagonists has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in a variety of inflammatory illnesses. AREA COVERED Many chemical substances, including carboxamides, benzamides and nitrogen containing heterocyclic derivatives have demonstrated promising inhibitory potential for P2X7 receptor. The chemistry and clinical applications of P2X7R antagonists patented from 2018- present are discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION Purinergic receptor inhibitor discovery and application has demonstrated the potential for therapeutic intervention, as demonstrated by pharmacological research. Few chemical modalities have been authorized for use in clinical settings, despite the fact that breakthroughs in crystallography and chemical biology have increased the knowledge of purinergic signaling and its consequences in disease. The many research projects and pharmaceutical movements that sustain dynamic P2X receptor programs over decades are evidence of the therapeutic values and academic persistence in purinergic study. P2X7R is an intriguing therapeutic target and possible biomarker for inflammation. Although several companies like Merck and AstraZeneca have published patents on P2X3 antagonists, the search for P2X7R antagonists has not stopped. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have disclosed different scaffolds, and some molecules are presently being studied in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Iqbal
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Bano
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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20
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Pereira ADS, Bottari NB, Nauderer JN, Assmann CE, Copetti PM, Reichert KP, Mostardeiro VB, da Silveira MV, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Purinergic signaling influences the neuroinflammatory outcomes of a testosterone-derived synthetic in female rats: Resistance training protective effects on brain health. Steroids 2024; 203:109352. [PMID: 38128896 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to treat and protect against several neuroinflammatory conditions and thus to prevent brain disorders. However, the interest in ergogenic resources by athletes and bodybuilding practitioners is widespread and on the rise. These substances shorten the process of performance gain and improve aesthetics, having led to the prominent use and abuse of hormones in the past years. Recent evidence has shown that the purinergic system, composed of adenine nucleotides, nucleosides, enzymes, and receptors, participates in a wide range of processes within the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neuromodulation, and cellular communication. Here, we investigated the effects of the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) testosterone (TES) at a dose of 70 mg/kg/week in female rats and the neuroprotective effect of resistance exercise related to the purinergic system and oxidative stress parameters. Our findings showed a decrease in ATP and ADO hydrolysis in treated and trained animals. Furthermore, there was an increase in the density of purinoceptors (P2X7 and A2A) and inflammatory markers (IBA-1, NRLP3, CASP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the cerebral cortex of animals that received AAS. On the other hand, exercise reversed neuroinflammatory parameters such as IBA-1, NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-1β and improved antioxidant response and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels. Overall, this study shows that the use of TES without indication or prescription disrupts brain homeostasis, as demonstrated by the increase in neuroinflammation, and that the practice of exercise can protect brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Silva Pereira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jelson Norberto Nauderer
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Tang H, Wei W, Luo Y, Lu X, Chen J, Yang S, Wu F, Zhou H, Ma W, Yang X. P2X7 receptors: a bibliometric review from 2002 to 2023. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09996-9. [PMID: 38421486 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For many years, there has been ongoing research on the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). A comprehensive, systematic, and objective evaluation of the scientific output and status of P2X7R will be instrumental in guiding future research directions. This study aims to present the status and trends of P2X7R research from 2002 to 2023. Publications related to P2X7R were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Quantitative analysis and visualization tools were Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software. The analysis content included publication trends, literature co-citation, and keywords. 3282 records were included in total, with the majority of papers published within the last 10 years. Based on literature co-citation and keyword analysis, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal diseases, tumor microenvironment, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration, and P2X7R antagonists were considered to be the hotspots and frontiers of P2X7R research. Researchers will get a more intuitive understanding of the status and trends of P2X7R research from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Tang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shenqiao Yang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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22
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Kristof Z, Gal Z, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. Embers of the Past: Early Childhood Traumas Interact with Variation in P2RX7 Gene Implicated in Neuroinflammation on Markers of Current Suicide Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:865. [PMID: 38255938 PMCID: PMC10815854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both early childhood traumatic experiences and current stress increase the risk of suicidal behaviour, in which immune activation might play a role. Previous research suggests an association between mood disorders and P2RX7 gene encoding P2X7 receptors, which stimulate neuroinflammation. We investigated the effect of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood adversities and traumas and recent stressors on lifetime suicide attempts and current suicide risk markers. Overall, 1644 participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities, recent negative life events, and provided information about previous suicide attempts and current suicide risk-related markers, including thoughts of ending their life, death, and hopelessness. Subjects were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of which passed quality control and were entered into logistic and linear regression models, followed by a clumping procedure to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main and interaction effect. We identified two significant clumps with a main effect on current suicidal ideation with top SNPs rs641940 and rs1653613. In interaction with childhood trauma, we identified a clump with top SNP psy_rs11615992 and another clump on hopelessness containing rs78473339 as index SNP. Our results suggest that P2RX7 variation may mediate the effect of early childhood adversities and traumas on later emergence of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Granits väg 4, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ian M. Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (I.M.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (I.M.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Ghaffaripour Jahromi G, Razi S, Rezaei N. NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Can we unlock depression? Brain Res 2024; 1822:148644. [PMID: 37871673 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression holds the title of the largest contributor to worldwide disability, with the numbers expected to continue growing. Currently, there are neither reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of the disease nor are the current medications sufficient for a lasting response in nearly half of patients. In this comprehensive review, we analyze the previously established pathophysiological models of the disease and how the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and depression might offer a unifying perspective. Adopting this inflammatory theory, we explain how NLRP3 inflammasome activation emerges as a pivotal contributor to depressive inflammation, substantiated by compelling evidence from both human studies and animal models. This inflammation is found in the central nervous system (CNS) neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells. Remarkably, dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome extends beyond the CNS boundaries and permeates into the enteric and peripheral immune systems, thereby altering the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The integrity of the brain blood barrier (BBB) and intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is also compromised by this inflammation. By emphasizing the central role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in depression and its far-reaching implications, we go over each area with potential modulating mechanisms within the inflammasome pathway in hopes of finding new targets for more effective management of this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ghaffaripour Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Olivier E, Rat P. Role of Oxysterols in Ocular Degeneration Mechanisms and Involvement of P2X7 Receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:277-292. [PMID: 38036885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocular degeneration, including cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, is a major public health challenge, as it affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide and, in its advanced stages, leads to blindness. Ocular degeneration, although it can affect different parts of the eye, shares common characteristics such as oxysterols and the P2X7 receptor. Indeed, oxysterols, which are cholesterol derivatives, are associated with ocular degeneration pathogenesis and trigger inflammation and cell death pathways. Activation of the P2X7 receptor is also linked to ocular degeneration and triggers the same pathways. In age-related macular degeneration, these two key players have been associated, but further studies are needed to extrapolate this interrelationship to other ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Rat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, Paris, France
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25
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Ademosun AO, Ajeigbe OF, Lawrence BO, Oboh G. Modulatory effects of Cannabis sativa co-administration with tramadol and codeine on cognitive function in male rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:1-9. [PMID: 37652187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Most teenagers mix up various psychoactive cocktail substances in combinations to get intoxicated. The role of the mixture combination of codeine (CDE), tramadol (TMD), and Cannabis sativa (CNB) on brain cognition, purinergic, cholinergic, and antioxidant enzyme activities remains unknown. This study sought to assess the mechanism of action of combinations of CDE+ TMD+ CNB on the function and activities of the brain of male Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups, n = 6. Group 1 served as a control, groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to CDE (2 mg/kg bw), TMD (10 mg/kg bw), and CNB (200 mg/kg bw), while groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 were co-administered with CDE+TMD, CNB+ TMD, CNB+CDE, and CNB+TMD+CDE orally for 28 days. This study revealed the effect of prolonged administration of CNB, TMD, and CDE on the suppression of cognitive function, acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), butyl-cholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats' brains when compared against control rats (P < 0.05). However, the activities of ectonucleosides (NTPdase), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and malondialdehyde levels produced in the brain of rats were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). This study reported the mechanism behind the neurotoxicity of CNB, TMD, and CDE on rats' cognitive, cholinergic, purinergic, and antioxidant enzymes as a consequence of the drastic reduction in cholinesterase enzyme activities leading to neurotransmitter poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Programme, Elizade University, P.M.B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
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26
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Miron VV, Assmann CE, Mostardeiro VB, Bottari NB, Baldissarelli J, Reichert KP, da Silva AD, Castro MFV, de Jesus LB, da Silveira MV, Palma TV, Morsch VM, Cardoso AM, Schetinger MRC. Resistance physical exercise alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered neuroinflammation in cortex and hippocampus of rats via purinergic signaling. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:217-225. [PMID: 37890558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Resistance physical exercise has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on many known diseases and, therefore, it has been increasingly explored. The way in which this type of exercise exerts these actions is still under investigation. In this study, we aimed to analyze the enzymes and components of the purinergic system involved in the inflammatory process triggered by the P2X7R. Rats were divided into four groups: control, exercise (EX), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and EX + LPS. The animals in the exercise groups were subjected to a 12-week ladder-climbing resistance physical exercise and received LPS after the last session for sepsis induction. Enzymes activities (NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase), purinoceptors' density (P2X7R, A1, and A2A), and the levels of inflammatory indicators (pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1B, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α) were measured in the cortex and hippocampus of the animals. The results show that exercise prevented (in the both structures) the increase of: 1) nucleoside-triphosphatase (NTPDase) and 5'-nucleotidase activities; 2) P2X7R density; 3) NLRP3 and Caspase-1; and 4) IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α It is suggested that the purinergic system and the inflammatory pathway of P2X7R are of fundamental importance and influence the effects of resistance physical exercise on LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, the modulation of the P2X7R by resistance physical exercise offers new avenues for the management of inflammatory-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Loren Borba de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tais Vidal Palma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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27
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Sırlıer Emir B, Yıldız S, Kazğan Kılıçaslan A, Kurt O, Uğur K, Tabara MF, Aydın S. Inflammation Markers in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Who Have Committed Offenses and Their Relationship with Criminal Behavior. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1725. [PMID: 37893443 PMCID: PMC10608231 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the function of various inflammation parameters and their interactions in the pathology of Bipolar disorder (BD) and to assess whether they could be biomarkers in the relationship between criminal behavior and BD. Materials and Methods: Overall, 1029 participants, including 343 patients with BD who have committed offenses, 343 nonoffending patients with BD, and 343 healthy controls, were included in this retrospective study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts; high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels; systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), platelet to high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) were measured. Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, PHR, neutrophil, and monocyte values (p < 0.001). The lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the patients with BD who committed offenses (p = 0.04). The platelet counts were significantly lower in the patients with BD who committed offenses compared to nonoffending patients with BD (p = 0.015). The HDL-c levels were significantly lower in the patients with BD who have committed offenses than those of nonoffending patients with BD (p < 0.001). Bipolar disorder, not receiving active psychiatric treatment, having a diagnosis of bipolar manic episodes, and having low platelet and HDL values constitute a risk of involvement in crime. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of patients with BD with and without criminal offenses and the relationship between inflammation and criminal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Sırlıer Emir
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey;
| | - Sevler Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey;
| | | | - Osman Kurt
- Department of Public Health, Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, 23100 Adıyaman, Turkey;
| | - Kerim Uğur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turgut Özal, 44900 Malatya, Turkey;
| | - Muhammed Fatih Tabara
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazig Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey;
| | - Süleyman Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Fırat, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey;
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28
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Huang L, Mut-Arbona P, Varga B, Török B, Brunner J, Arszovszki A, Iring A, Kisfali M, Vizi ES, Sperlágh B. P2X7 purinergic receptor modulates dentate gyrus excitatory neurotransmission and alleviates schizophrenia-like symptoms in mouse. iScience 2023; 26:107560. [PMID: 37649698 PMCID: PMC10462828 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-gated P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) play a crucial role in brain disorders. However, how they affect normal and pathological synaptic transmission is still largely unclear. Here, by using whole-cell patch-clamp technique to record AMPA- and NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (s/mEPSCs) in dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs), we revealed a modulation by P2X7Rs of presynaptic sites, especially originated from entorhinal cortex (EC)-GC path but not the mossy cell (MC)-GC path. The involvement of P2X7Rs was confirmed using a pharmacological approach. Additionally, the acute activation of P2X7Rs directly elevated calcium influx from EC-GC terminals. In postnatal phencyclidine (PCP)-induced mouse model of schizophrenia, we observed that P2X7R deficiency restored the EC-GC synapse alteration and alleviated PCP-induced symptoms. To summarize, P2X7Rs participate in the modulation of GC excitatory neurotransmission in the DG via EC-GC pathway, contributing to pathological alterations of neuronal functions leading to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Varga
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiana Török
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Brunner
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonia Arszovszki
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Kisfali
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Yin Y, Wei L, Caseley EA, Lopez‐Charcas O, Wei Y, Li D, Muench SP, Roger S, Wang L, Jiang L. Leveraging the ATP-P2X7 receptor signalling axis to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1346-1373. [PMID: 36924449 PMCID: PMC10947395 DOI: 10.1002/med.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an exceptional member of the P2X purinergic receptor family, with its activation requiring high concentrations of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) that are often associated with tissue damage and inflammation. In the central nervous system (CNS), it is highly expressed in glial cells, particularly in microglia. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of the P2X7 receptor in mediating neuroinflammation and other pathogenic events in a variety of traumatic CNS damage conditions, which lead to loss of neurological and cognitive functions. We raise the perspective on the steady progress in developing CNS-penetrant P2X7 receptor-specific antagonists that leverage the ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling axis as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yin
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Linyu Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Emily A. Caseley
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Osbaldo Lopez‐Charcas
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Dongliang Li
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Steve P. Muench
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Sebastian Roger
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Lin‐Hua Jiang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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30
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Lepre CC, Russo M, Trotta MC, Petrillo F, D'Agostino FA, Gaudino G, D'Amico G, Campitiello MR, Crisci E, Nicoletti M, Gesualdo C, Simonelli F, D'Amico M, Hermenean A, Rossi S. Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119721. [PMID: 37298672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular retinal complication of diabetic patients, contributing to loss of vision. Recently, retinal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration have emerged as key players in DR progression, and therefore, this review examines the neuroinflammatory molecular basis of DR. We focus on four important aspects of retinal neuroinflammation: (i) the exacerbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (ii) the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; (iii) the role of galectins; and (iv) the activation of purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Moreover, this review proposes the selective inhibition of galectins and the P2X7R as a potential pharmacological approach to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Claudia Lepre
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Ph.D. Course in Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Anna D'Agostino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gaudino
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Campitiello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Erminia Crisci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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31
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Pacheco PAF, Faria JV, Silva AC, von Ranke NL, Silva RC, Rodrigues CR, da Rocha DR, Faria RX. In silico and pharmacological study of N,S-acetal juglone derivatives as inhibitors of the P2X7 receptor-promoted in vitro and in vivo inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114608. [PMID: 37003033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are transmembrane proteins responsive to extracellular nucleotides and are expressed by several cell types throughout the human body. Among all identified subtypes, the P2×7 receptor has emerged as a relevant target for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of P2×7R antagonists. However, to date, no selective antagonist has reached clinical use. In this work, we report the pharmacological evaluation of eleven N, S-acetal juglone derivatives as P2×7R inhibitors. Using in vitro assays and in vivo experimental models, we identified one derivative with promising inhibitory activity and low toxicity. Our in silico studies indicate that the 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety might be a valuable molecular scaffold for the development of novel P2×7R antagonists, as suggested by our previous studies.
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32
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Gędek A, Szular Z, Antosik AZ, Mierzejewski P, Dominiak M. Celecoxib for Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103497. [PMID: 37240605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of celecoxib on a broad spectrum of mood disorders and on inflammatory parameters have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the available knowledge on this topic. Data from both preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed, considering the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in the treatment of mood disorders, as well as the correlation of inflammatory parameters with the effect of celecoxib treatment. Forty-four studies were included. We found evidence supporting the antidepressant efficacy of celecoxib in a dose of 400 mg/day used for 6 weeks as an add-on treatment in major depression (SMD = -1.12 [95%Cl: -1.71,-0.52], p = 0.0002) and mania (SMD = -0.82 [95% CI:-1.62,-0.01], p = 0.05). The antidepressant efficacy of celecoxib in the above dosage used as sole treatment was also confirmed in depressed patients with somatic comorbidity (SMD = -1.35 [95% CI:-1.95,-0.75], p < 0.0001). We found no conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of celecoxib in bipolar depression. Celecoxib at a dose of 400 mg/d used for up to 12 weeks appeared to be a safe treatment in patients with mood disorders. Although an association between celecoxib response and inflammatory parameters has been found in preclinical studies, this has not been confirmed in clinical trials. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of celecoxib in bipolar depression, as well as long-term studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of celecoxib in recurrent mood disorders, studies involving treatment-resistant populations, and assessing the association of celecoxib treatment with inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gędek
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Praski Hospital, Aleja Solidarności 67, 03-401 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Szular
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Z Antosik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mierzejewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dominiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Kristof Z, Gal Z, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Petschner P, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. Variation along P2RX7 interacts with early traumas on severity of anxiety suggesting a role for neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7757. [PMID: 37173368 PMCID: PMC10182087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional stress is a leading risk factor in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders possibly via immune activation. P2X7 receptors promote neuroinflammation, and research suggests a relationship between chromosome region 12q2431, in which the P2X7R gene is located, and development of mood disorders, however, few studies concentrate on its association with anxiety. Our aim was to investigate the effects of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood traumas and recent stressors on anxiety. 1752 participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, provided data on anxiety using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of which passed quality control and were entered into linear regression models followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping procedure to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. We identified a significant clump with top SNP rs67881993 and containing a set of 29SNPs that are in high LD, which significantly interacted with early childhood traumas but not with recent stress conveying a protective effect against increased anxiety in those exposed to early adversities. Our study demonstrated that P2RX7 variants interact with distal and more etiological stressors in influencing the severity of anxiety symptoms, supporting previous scarce results and demonstrating its role in moderating the effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Realization of Sustainable Society, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Francis William Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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34
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Penolazzi L, Notarangelo MP, Lambertini E, Vultaggio-Poma V, Tarantini M, Di Virgilio F, Piva R. Unorthodox localization of P2X7 receptor in subcellular compartments of skeletal system cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1180774. [PMID: 37215083 PMCID: PMC10192554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1180774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the subcellular localization of a protein within a cell is often an essential step in understanding its function. The main objective of this report was to determine the presence of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in healthy human cells of skeletal system, specifically osteoblasts (OBs), chondrocytes (Chs) and intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. This receptor is a member of the ATP-gated ion channel family, known to be a main sensor of extracellular ATP, the prototype of the danger signal released at sites of tissue damage, and a ubiquitous player in inflammation and cancer, including bone and cartilaginous tissues. Despite overwhelming data supporting a role in immune cell responses and tumor growth and progression, a complete picture of the pathophysiological functions of P2X7R, especially when expressed by non-immune cells, is lacking. Here we show that human wild-type P2X7R (P2X7A) was expressed in different samples of human osteoblasts, chondrocytes and intervertebral disc cells. By fluorescence microscopy (LM) and immunogold transmission electron microscopy we localized P2X7R not only in the canonical sites (plasma membrane and cytoplasm), but also in the nucleus of all the 3 cell types, especially IVD cells and OBs. P2X7R mitochondrial immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in OBs and IVD cells, but not in Chs. Evidence of subcellular localization of P2X7R may help to i. understand the participation of P2X7R in as yet unidentified signaling pathways in the joint and bone microenvironment, ii. identify pathologies associated with P2X7R mislocalization and iii. design specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mario Tarantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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35
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Sluyter R, Adriouch S, Fuller SJ, Nicke A, Sophocleous RA, Watson D. Animal Models for the Investigation of P2X7 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098225. [PMID: 37175933 PMCID: PMC10179175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The study of animals has greatly advanced the investigation of P2X7 and helped to establish the numerous physiological and pathophysiological roles of this receptor in human health and disease. Following a short overview of the P2X7 distribution, roles and functional properties, this article discusses how animal models have contributed to the generation of P2X7-specific antibodies and nanobodies (including biologics), recombinant receptors and radioligands to study P2X7 as well as to the pharmacokinetic testing of P2X7 antagonists. This article then outlines how mouse and rat models have been used to study P2X7. These sections include discussions on preclinical disease models, polymorphic P2X7 variants, P2X7 knockout mice (including bone marrow chimeras and conditional knockouts), P2X7 reporter mice, humanized P2X7 mice and P2X7 knockout rats. Finally, this article reviews the limited number of studies involving guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys (rhesus macaques), dogs, cats, zebrafish, and other fish species (seabream, ayu sweetfish, rainbow trout and Japanese flounder) to study P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- UniRouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, and Immunotherapy, (PANTHER), Univ Rouen Normandie, University of Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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36
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Dorsey SG, Mocci E, Lane MV, Krueger BK. Rapid effects of valproic acid on the fetal brain transcriptome: Implications for brain development and autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538959. [PMID: 37205520 PMCID: PMC10187231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased incidence of autism among the children of women who take the anti-epileptic, mood stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy; moreover, exposure to VPA in utero causes autistic-like symptoms in rodents and non-human primates. Analysis of RNAseq data obtained from fetal mouse brains 3 hr after VPA administration revealed that VPA significantly [p(FDR) ≤ 0.025] increased or decreased the expression of approximately 7,300 genes. No significant sex differences in VPA-induced gene expression were observed. Expression of genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism as well as neurogenesis, axon growth and synaptogenesis, GABAergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission, perineuronal nets, and circadian rhythms was dysregulated by VPA. Moreover, expression of 400 autism risk genes was significantly altered by VPA as was expression of 247 genes that have been reported to play fundamental roles in the development of the nervous system, but are not linked to autism by GWAS. The goal of this study was to identify mouse genes that are: (a) significantly up- or down-regulated by VPA in the fetal brain and (b) known to be associated with autism and/or to play a role in embryonic neurodevelopmental processes, perturbation of which has the potential to alter brain connectivity in the postnatal and adult brain. The set of genes meeting these criteria provides potential targets for future hypothesis-driven approaches to elucidating the proximal underlying causes of defective brain connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
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Cherninskyi A, Storozhuk M, Maximyuk O, Kulyk V, Krishtal O. Triggering of Major Brain Disorders by Protons and ATP: The Role of ASICs and P2X Receptors. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:845-862. [PMID: 36445556 PMCID: PMC9707125 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is well-known as a universal source of energy in living cells. Less known is that this molecule has a variety of important signaling functions: it activates a variety of specific metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) receptors in neuronal and non-neuronal cell membranes. So, a wide variety of signaling functions well fits the ubiquitous presence of ATP in the tissues. Even more ubiquitous are protons. Apart from the unspecific interaction of protons with any protein, many physiological processes are affected by protons acting on specific ionotropic receptors-acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Both protons (acidification) and ATP are locally elevated in various pathological states. Using these fundamentally important molecules as agonists, ASICs and P2X receptors signal a variety of major brain pathologies. Here we briefly outline the physiological roles of ASICs and P2X receptors, focusing on the brain pathologies involving these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Cherninskyi
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine.
| | - Maksim Storozhuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maximyuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Vyacheslav Kulyk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Krishtal
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
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Garrido JJ. Contribution of Axon Initial Segment Structure and Channels to Brain Pathology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081210. [PMID: 37190119 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain channelopathies are a group of neurological disorders that result from genetic mutations affecting ion channels in the brain. Ion channels are specialized proteins that play a crucial role in the electrical activity of nerve cells by controlling the flow of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. When these channels are not functioning properly, they can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms such as seizures, movement disorders, and cognitive impairment. In this context, the axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation in most neurons. This region is characterized by a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), which are responsible for the rapid depolarization that occurs when the neuron is stimulated. The AIS is also enriched in other ion channels, such as potassium channels, that play a role in shaping the action potential waveform and determining the firing frequency of the neuron. In addition to ion channels, the AIS contains a complex cytoskeletal structure that helps to anchor the channels in place and regulate their function. Therefore, alterations in this complex structure of ion channels, scaffold proteins, and specialized cytoskeleton may also cause brain channelopathies not necessarily associated with ion channel mutations. This review will focus on how the AISs structure, plasticity, and composition alterations may generate changes in action potentials and neuronal dysfunction leading to brain diseases. AIS function alterations may be the consequence of voltage-gated ion channel mutations, but also may be due to ligand-activated channels and receptors and AIS structural and membrane proteins that support the function of voltage-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Garrido
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Degenerative Dementias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28002 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang JR, Yin SY, Shen ZQ, Li B, Zhang YQ, Yu J. Bullatine A has an antidepressant effect in chronic social defeat stress mice; Implication of microglial inflammasome. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:130-140. [PMID: 36828203 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microglia and P2X7R are involved in the development of stress-induced depression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial damage play an important role in depression and microglial activation. Bullatine A (BLA) has anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects, and can be used as a P2X7R antagonist. We found that Bullatine A can effectively inhibit the calcium overload of mitochondria and the increase of ER and mitochondrial colocalization caused by eATP (extracellular ATP) in BV2-cells. Bullatine A can also inhibit the activation of PERK-elF-2α unfolded protein response (UPR), lysosome production and the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression in BV2-cells Both intragastric administration and intra-hippocampal microinjection of Bullatine A can significantly improve the despair behavior but not anhedonia of Chronic chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mice. Bullatine A may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in treating diseases related to stress stimulation, such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Yin
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zu-Qi Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratories, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Gladkikh IN, Kvetkina AN, Sintsova OV, Popkova DV, Kozlovskiy SA, Gorpenchenko TY, Likhatskaya GN, Kaluzhskiy LA, Ivanov AS, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA, Dmitrenok PS, Aminin DL, Leychenko EV. Recombinant Analogs of Sea Anemone Kunitz-Type Peptides Influence P2X7 Receptor Activity in Neuro-2a Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030192. [PMID: 36976241 PMCID: PMC10053369 DOI: 10.3390/md21030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7) have now been proven to play an important role and represent an important therapeutic target in many pathological conditions including neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the impact of peptides on purinergic signaling in Neuro-2a cells through the P2X7 subtype in in vitro models. We have found that a number of recombinant peptides, analogs of sea anemone Kunitz-type peptides, are able to influence the action of high concentrations of ATP and thereby reduce the toxic effects of ATP. The influx of calcium, as well as the fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1, was significantly suppressed by the studied peptides. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the peptides reduce the P2X7 expression level in neuronal Neuro-2a cells. Two selected active peptides, HCRG1 and HCGS1.10, were found to specifically interact with the extracellular domain of P2X7 and formed stable complexes with the receptor in surface plasmon resonance experiments. The molecular docking approach allowed us to establish the putative binding sites of the most active HCRG1 peptide on the extracellular domain of the P2X7 homotrimer and propose a mechanism for regulating its function. Thus, our work demonstrates the ability of the Kunitz-type peptides to prevent neuronal death by affecting signaling through the P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina N Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra N Kvetkina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Darya V Popkova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergei A Kozlovskiy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina N Likhatskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Leonid A Kaluzhskiy
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexis S Ivanov
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry L Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena V Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Li X, Bai X, Tang Y, Qiao C, Zhao R, Peng X. Research progress on the P2X7 receptor in liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:794-808. [PMID: 36403102 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7 receptor) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel that is widely distributed on the surfaces of immune cells and tissues such as those in the liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and nervous system. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with increasing incidence and mortality. Although many treatments for liver cancer have been studied, the prognosis for liver cancer is still very poor. Therefore, new liver cancer treatments are urgently needed. P2X7 receptor activation can secrete proinflammatory factors through the P2X7 receptor-NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby affecting the progression of liver injury. The P2X7 receptor may be a target for growth inhibition of HCC cells and may affect the invasion and migration of HCC cells through the PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways. In recent years, P2X7 receptor antagonists or inhibitors have attracted widespread attention as therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver injury. Therefore, this review covers the basic concepts of the P2X7 receptor and role of the P2X7 receptor in liver cancer and liver injury, providing new potential therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yiqing Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cuicui Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Institutional Key Laboratory of clinical laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Raval NR, Wetherill RR, Wiers CE, Dubroff JG, Hillmer AT. Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:213-229. [PMID: 36270830 PMCID: PMC11261531 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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Mut-Arbona P, Huang L, Baranyi M, Tod P, Iring A, Calzaferri F, de Los Ríos C, Sperlágh B. Dual Role of the P2X7 Receptor in Dendritic Outgrowth during Physiological and Pathological Brain Development. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1125-1142. [PMID: 36732073 PMCID: PMC9962779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0805-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At high levels, extracellular ATP operates as a "danger" molecule under pathologic conditions through purinergic receptors, including the ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Its endogenous activation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders; however, its function during early embryonic stages remains largely unclear. Our objective was to determine the role of P2X7R in the regulation of neuronal outgrowth. For this purpose, we performed Sholl analysis of dendritic branches on primary hippocampal neurons and in acute hippocampal slices from WT mice and mice with genetic deficiency or pharmacological blockade of P2X7R. Because abnormal dendritic branching is a hallmark of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia, a model of maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced schizophrenia, was used for further morphologic investigations. Subsequently, we studied MIA-induced behavioral deficits in young adult mice females and males. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological blockade of P2X7R led to branching deficits under physiological conditions. Moreover, pathologic activation of the receptor led to deficits in dendritic outgrowth on primary neurons from WT mice but not those from P2X7R KO mice exposed to MIA. Likewise, only MIA-exposed WT mice displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral and cognitive deficits. Therefore, we conclude that P2X7R has different roles in the development of hippocampal dendritic arborization under physiological and pathologic conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our main finding is a novel role for P2X7R in neuronal branching in the early stages of development under physiological conditions. We show how a decrease in the expression of P2X7R during brain development causes the receptor to play pathologic roles in adulthood. Moreover, we studied a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and found that, at higher ATP concentrations, endogenous activation of P2X7R is necessary and sufficient for the development of positive and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lumei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tod
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
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von Mücke-Heim IA, Deussing JM. The P2X7 receptor in mood disorders: Emerging target in immunopsychiatry, from bench to bedside. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109366. [PMID: 36470368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most burdensome disorders worldwide. Though therapies have evolved over the last decades, treatment resistance still affects many patients. Recently, neuroimmune systems have been identified as important factors of mood disorder biology. The underlying dysregulation in neuroimmune cross-talk is driven by genetic risk factors and accumulating adverse environmental influences like chronic psychosocial stress. These result in a cluster of proinflammatory cytokines and quantitative and functional changes of immune cell populations (e.g., microglia, monocytes, T cells), varying by disease entity and state. Among the emerging immune targets, purinergic signalling revolving around the membranous and ATP specific P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has gained wider attention and clinical studies making use of antagonistic drugs are on-going. Still, no clinically meaningful applications have been identified so far. A major problem is the often overly simplified approach taken to translate findings from bench to bedside. Therefore, the present review focuses on purinergic signalling via P2X7R in the context of recent advances in immunopsychiatric mood disorder research. Our aim is to provide an overview of the current P2X7R-related findings, from bench to bedside. First, we summarize the characteristics of purinergic signalling and P2X7R, followed by a depiction of genetic and clinical data connecting P2X7R to mood disorders. We close with our perspective on current developments and discuss changes necessary to translate the evident potential of P2X7R signalling modulation into meaningful clinical application. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
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Li T, Gao Y, He M, Gui Z, Zhao B, Cao Y, Chen T, Zhu J, Wang J, Zhong Q, Zhang Z. P2X7 receptor-activated microglia in cortex is critical for sleep disorder under neuropathic pain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1095718. [PMID: 36816134 PMCID: PMC9936193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1095718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with sleep disturbances, which may substantially influence the quality of life. Clinical and animal studies demonstrated that neurotransmitter is one of the main contributors to cause sleep disturbances induced by NP. Recently, it was reported that P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are widely expressed in microglia, which serves crucial role in neuronal activity in the pain and sleep-awake cycle. In this study, we adopted the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated whether P2X7R of microglia in cortex played a critical role in sleep disturbance induced by NP. At electroencephalogram (EEG) level, sleep disturbance was observed in mice treated with CCI as they exhibited mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and inhibition of P2X7R ameliorated these changes. We showed a dramatic high level of P2X7R and Iba-1 co-expression in the cortical region, and the inhibition of P2X7R also adversely affected it. Furthermore, the power of LFPs in ventral posterior nucleus (VP) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which changed in the CCI group was adverse after the inhibition of P2X7R. Furthermore, inhibition of P2X7R also decreased the VP-S1 coherence which increased in CCI group. Nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated inhibition of P2X7R decreased glutamate (Glu) levels in thalamic and cortical regions which were significantly increased in the CCI mice. Our findings provide evidence that NP has a critical effect on neuronal activity linked to sleep and may built up a new target for the development of sleep disturbances under chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Gui
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Qi Zhong,
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Zongze Zhang,
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Royse SK, Lopresti BJ, Mathis CA, Tollefson S, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: II. Novel applications for PET imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:401-443. [PMID: 35716057 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in psychiatry sought to identify derangements of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The need for more specific neurochemical imaging probes was soon evident, and these probes initially targeted the sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. For nearly 30 years, the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders drove the development of an armamentarium of monoaminergic PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies. However, continued investments in monoamine-enhancing drug development realized only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely parallelled drug development priorities, resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. In part two of this review, we survey clinical research studies using the novel targets and radiotracers described in part one across major psychiatric application areas such as substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Important limitations of the studies described are discussed, as well as key methodologic issues, challenges to the field, and the status of clinical trials seeking to exploit these targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Royse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lopresti BJ, Royse SK, Mathis CA, Tollefson SA, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:364-400. [PMID: 35536762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15 O]H2 O and [18 F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2 X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lopresti
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Royse
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah A Tollefson
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pacheco PAF, Gonzaga DTG, von Ranke NL, Rodrigues CR, da Rocha DR, da Silva FDC, Ferreira VF, Faria RX. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Naphthoquinone Sulfonamides and Sulfonate Ester Derivatives as P2X7 Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020590. [PMID: 36677652 PMCID: PMC9866630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ATP acts in the extracellular environment as an important signal, activating a family of receptors called purinergic receptors. In recent years, interest in the potential therapeutics of purinergic components, including agonists and antagonists of receptors, has increased. Currently, many observations have indicated that ATP acts as an important mediator of inflammatory responses and, when found in high concentrations in the extracellular space, is related to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor. In this sense, the search for new inhibitors for this receptor has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Sulfonamide derivatives have been reported to be potent inhibitors of P2X receptors. In this study, ten naphthoquinone sulfonamide derivatives and five naphthoquinone sulfonate ester derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity on the P2X7 receptor expressed in peritoneal macrophages. Some compounds showed promising results, displaying IC50 values lower than that of A740003. Molecular docking and dynamic studies also indicated that the active compounds bind to an allosteric site on P2X7R. The binding free energy indicates that sulfonamides have an affinity for the P2X7 receptor similar to A740003. Therefore, the compounds studied herein present potential P2X7R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Tadeu Gomes Gonzaga
- Departament of Pharmacy, West Zone Campus, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lidmar von Ranke
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - David Rodrigues da Rocha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Evaluation and Promotion of the Ambiental Health Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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von Mücke-Heim IA, Martin J, Uhr M, Ries C, Deussing JM. The human P2X7 receptor alters microglial morphology and cytokine secretion following immunomodulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148190. [PMID: 37101546 PMCID: PMC10123291 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) on microglia has repeatedly been implicated in depression genesis. However, it remains unclear which role the human P2X7R (hP2X7R) plays in regulating both microglia morphology and cytokine secretion upon different environmental and immune stimuli, respectively. Methods: For this purpose, we used primary microglial cultures derived from a humanized microglia-specific conditional P2X7R knockout mouse line to emulate different gene-environment interactions between microglial hP2X7R and molecular proxies of psychosocial and pathogen-derived immune stimuli. Microglial cultures were subjected to treatments with the agonists 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) combined with specific P2X7R antagonists (JNJ-47965567, A-804598). Results: Morphotyping revealed overall high baseline activation due to the in vitro conditions. Both BzATP and LPS + BzATP treatment increased round/ameboid microglia and decreased polarized and ramified morphotypes. This effect was stronger in hP2X7R-proficient (CTRL) compared to knockout (KO) microglia. Aptly, we found antagonism with JNJ-4796556 and A-804598 to reduce round/ameboid microglia and increase complex morphologies only in CTRL but not KO microglia. Single cell shape descriptor analysis confirmed the morphotyping results. Compared to KO microglia, hP2X7R-targeted stimulation in CTRLs led to a more pronounced increase in microglial roundness and circularity along with an overall higher decrease in aspect ratio and shape complexity. JNJ-4796556 and A-804598, on the other hand, led to opposite dynamics. In KO microglia, similar trends were observed, yet the magnitude of responses was much smaller. Parallel assessment of 10 cytokines demonstrated the proinflammatory properties of hP2X7R. Following LPS + BzATP stimulation, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels were found to be higher and IL-4 levels lower in CTRL than in KO cultures. Vice versa, hP2X7R antagonists reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels and increased IL-4 secretion. Discussion: Taken together, our results help disentangle the complex function of microglial hP2X7R downstream of various immune stimuli. In addition, this is the first study in a humanized, microglia-specific in vitro model identifying a so far unknown potential link between microglial hP2X7R function and IL-27 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Martin
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Core Unit Analytics and Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Ries
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan M. Deussing,
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Therapeutic Potential of the Purinergic System in Major Depressive Disorder Associated with COVID-19. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:621-637. [PMID: 35348977 PMCID: PMC8960668 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to the development of depression, since the latter is caused, among other factors, by inflammatory processes, mainly related to the activation of microglia and expression of specific genes, which occurs during the neuroinflammatory process. Thus, COVID-19 is an important risk factor for the development of depression, since in addition to generating the feeling of stress, which also increases the activity of the immune system, it is also the cause of pathological processes and physiological ones that lead to the development of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, gene expression dysfunction and decreased concentration of available serotonin. That said, drugs are being used to combat COVID-19 to reduce the oxidative stress presented in the disease. Thus, tramadol and fluoxetine are highlighted as drugs used, however, although they present some positive results, such as the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, they are also associated with negative effects such as dependence, pulmonary, cardiac and brain impairment. From this, the purinergic system is highlighted in the literature as a possible therapeutic target. This is because its mechanisms are related to the regulation of microglia, astrocytes and the physiology of important neurotransmitters and hormones. Added to this, there is a modulation of inflammatory activity, especially with regard to the P2X7 receptors of this system. The latter is an important target for the treatment of depression and COVID-19, since positive results were obtained through the genetic exclusion of this receptor and the use of selective antagonists.
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