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Pawłowska M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Irisin on Post-Exercise Inflammatory Response: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:205-218. [PMID: 38680225 PMCID: PMC11053258 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97480.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity has a positive effect on human health and emotional well-being. However, in both amateur and professional athletes, training poses a risk of acute or chronic injury through repetitive overloading of bones, joints, and muscles. Inflammation can be an adverse effect of intense exercise caused by several factors including oxidative stress. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers induced by physical exercise. Post-exercise recovery may reduce inflammatory responses and is key to effective training and adaptation of muscle tissues to sustained physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pawłowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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2
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da Mata GE, Bricola R, Ribeiro DN, Simabuco FM, Pauli JR, de Freitas EC, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Pinto AP. Acute exercise modulates Trim63 and Bmal1 in the skeletal muscle of IL-10 knockout mice. Cytokine 2024; 175:156484. [PMID: 38159471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory role of physical exercise is mediated by interleukin 10 (IL-10), and their release is possibly upregulated in response to IL-6. Previous studies demonstrated that mice lacking IL-6 (IL-6 KO mice) exhibited diminished exercise tolerance, and reduced strength. Rev-erbα, a transcriptional suppressor involved in circadian rhythm, has been discovered to inhibit the expression of genes linked to bodily functions, encompassing inflammation and metabolism. It also plays a significant role in skeletal muscle and exercise performance capacity. Given the potential association between Rev-erbα and the immune system and the fact that both pathways are modulated following acute aerobic exercise, we examined the physical performance of IL-10 KO mice and analyzed the modulation of the atrophy and Rev-erbα pathways in the muscle of wild type (WT) and IL-10 KO mice following one session of acute exercise. For each phenotype, WT and IL-10 KO were divided into two subgroups (Control and Exercise). The acute exercise session started at 6 m/min, followed by 3 m/min increments every 3 min until animal exhaustion. Two hours after the end of the exercise protocol, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed and prepared for the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q-PCR) and immunoblotting technique. In summary, compared to WT, the IL-10 KO animals showed lower body weight and grip strength in the baseline. The IL-10 control group presented a lower protein content of BMAL1. After the exercise protocol, the IL-10 KO group had higher mRNA levels of Trim63 (atrophy signaling pathway) and lower mRNA levels of Clock and Bmal1 (Rev-erbα signaling pathway). This is the first study showing the relationship between Rev-erbα and atrophy in IL-10 KO mice. Also, we accessed a public database that analyzed the gastrocnemius of MuRF KO mice submitted to two processes of muscle atrophy, a denervation surgery and dexamethasone (Dexa) injections. Independently of knockout, the denervation demonstrated lower Nr1d1 levels. In conclusion, IL-10 seems to be a determinant in the Rev-erbα pathway and atrophy after acute exercise, with no modulation in the baseline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Eduardo da Mata
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bricola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana P Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Haller N, Reichel T, Zimmer P, Behringer M, Wahl P, Stöggl T, Krüger K, Simon P. Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Perspectives for Research on Emerging Biomarkers. Sports Med 2023; 53:2039-2053. [PMID: 37341908 PMCID: PMC10587296 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, various blood-based biomarkers have found their applications in the field of sports medicine. This current opinion addresses biomarkers that warrant consideration in future research for monitoring the athlete training load. In this regard, we identified a variety of emerging load-sensitive biomarkers, e.g., cytokines (such as IL-6), chaperones (such as heat shock proteins) or enzymes (such as myeloperoxidase) that could improve future athlete load monitoring as they have shown meaningful increases in acute and chronic exercise settings. In some cases, they have even been linked to training status or performance characteristics. However, many of these markers have not been extensively studied and the cost and effort of measuring these parameters are still high, making them inconvenient for practitioners so far. We therefore outline strategies to improve knowledge of acute and chronic biomarker responses, including ideas for standardized study settings. In addition, we emphasize the need for methodological advances such as the development of minimally invasive point-of-care devices as well as statistical aspects related to the evaluation of these monitoring tools to make biomarkers suitable for regular load monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Haller
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Behringer
- Department of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Wahl
- Department of Exercise Physiology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Harpham C, Gunn H, Marsden J, Connolly L. The feasibility, safety, physiological and clinical effects of high-intensity interval training for people with Parkinson's: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:497-523. [PMID: 36607555 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is important for people with Parkinson's (PwP), with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) proposed as a feasible and effective exercise modality. However, no literature synthesis for PwP has been undertaken. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility, safety, physiological and clinical effects of HIIT for PwP. METHODS Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were undertaken. Studies that included ≥ 2 weeks of HIIT for PwP and reported sufficient detail for full quality assessment were eligible. Quality was assessed with the TESTEX scale or the Downs and Black tool according to study design. Feasibility and safety data, physiological and clinical outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses explored the pooled effects of HIIT on VO2peak/max compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and usual care. RESULTS Eleven articles were identified (seven controlled/comparator studies and four single group) including 117 HIIT participants predominantly of mild-to-moderate disease severity. HIIT programmes were professionally supervised and between 6 weeks and 24 months. Overall, study quality was deemed to be moderate to good. Following screening, nine studies reported 90-100% programme completion; however, only one was > 12 weeks in duration. Adverse events were uncommon. HIIT improved VO2peak/max compared to usual care, but not to MICE. Increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improved motor symptoms were also reported. CONCLUSION Up to 12 weeks of supervised HIIT appears to be feasible and safe for some people with mild-to-moderate disease severity. HIIT improves cardiorespiratory fitness and may increase BDNF and improve motor symptoms in PwP. Future studies should explore safe ways to facilitate access and long-term adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Harpham
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
| | - Hilary Gunn
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | | | - Luke Connolly
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Aktitiz S, Atakan MM, Turnagöl HH, Koşar ŞN. Interleukin-6, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to single and repeated sessions of high-intensity interval exercise. Peptides 2022; 157:170864. [PMID: 36028073 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with 2 consecutive HIIEs, separated by 3 h of recovery, on plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) responses. METHODS Twenty male recreational endurance athletes completed two HIIE trials in a randomized crossover design: a single session of HIIE on the single exercise day (HIIE-S) and two sessions of HIIE 3 h apart on the double exercise day (HIIE-D). The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 × 1 min cycling at 100 % of peak oxygen uptake, with 75 s of low-intensity cycling at 60 W. Blood samples were collected to analyze IL-6, ucOC, and BDNF levels before and immediately after HIIE on the HIIE-S and before and immediately after the second HIIE on the HIIE-D. RESULTS Both HIIE interventions significantly increased (p < 0.001) plasma IL-6 (HIIE-S 33.90 % vs HIIE-D 31.04 %; p = 0.64), ucOC (HIIE-S 37.18 % vs HIIE-D 39.54 %; p = 0.85), and BDNF levels (HIIE-S 236.01 % vs HIIE-D 216.68 %; p = 0.69), with no group effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that performing two consecutive HIIEs on the same day with a 3-h rest results in similar changes in plasma levels of IL-6, BDNF, and ucOC compared with a single session of HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Aktitiz
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin H Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Zhao K, Hu Z, Wang T, Tian L, Wang M, Liu R, Zuo C, Jihua W. Acute effects of two different work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in untrained young men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:988773. [PMID: 36160866 PMCID: PMC9490303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.988773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise could produce a positive effect on the brain by releasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In untrained healthy humans there seems to be a linear correlation between exercise duration and the positive effect of acute aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Therefore, we performed two different duration of high-intensity interval training protocols (HIIT), both known to improve cardiovascular fitness, to determine whether then have a similar efficacy in affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.Methods: 12 untrained young males (aged 23.7 ± 1.8 years), participated in a randomized controlled cross-over trial. They underwent two different work-to-rest ratio high-intensity interval training protocols: high-intensity interval training 1 (30 min, 15 intervals of 1 min efforts at 85%–90% VO2max with 1 min of active recovery at 50%–60% VO2max) and HIIT2 (30 min, 10 intervals of 2 min efforts at 85%–90% VO2max with 1 min of active recovery at 50%–60% VO2max). Serum cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor were collected at baseline, immediately following intervention, and 30 min into recovery for measurements using a Sandwich ELISA method, blood lactate was measured by using a portable lactate analyzer.Results: Our results showed that the similar serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor change in both high-intensity interval training protocols, with maximal serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels being reached toward the end of intervention. There was no significant change in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor from baseline after 30 min recovery. We then showed that both high-intensity interval training protocols significantly increase blood lactate and serum cortisol compared with baseline value (high-intensity interval training p < 0.01; high-intensity interval training 2 p < 0.01), with high-intensity interval training 2 reaching higher blood lactate levels than high-intensity interval training 1 (p = 0.027), but no difference was observed in serum cortisol between both protocols. Moreover, changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor did corelate with change in blood lactate (high-intensity interval training 1 r = 0.577, p < 0.05; high-intensity interval training 2 r = 0.635, p < 0.05), but did not correlate with the change in serum cortisol.Conclusions: brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in untrained young men are significantly increased in response to different work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training protocols, and the magnitude of increase is exercise duration independent. Moreover, the higher blood lactate did not raise circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Therefore, given that prolonged exercise causes higher levels of cortisol. We suggest that the 1:1work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training protocol might represent a preferred intervention for promoting brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Zhao
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Kegang Zhao,
| | | | - Tao Wang
- School of Physical Education of Liaocheng University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijiang Liu
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chongwen Zuo
- Capital Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jihua
- Department of Information Science and Engineering of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Li Q, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zuo C, Bo S. A Shorter-Bout of HIIT Is More Effective to Promote Serum BDNF and VEGF-A Levels and Improve Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898603. [PMID: 35846013 PMCID: PMC9277476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with different duration on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels and cognitive function in healthy young men. Methods: Twelve healthy young men were participated in two HIIT treatments (20 min HIIT and 30 min HIIT) in a random order. BDNF, VEGF-A, cortisol, testosterone, blood lactic acid were measured and cognitive function was assessed by Stroop test (CWST) and Digital Span test (DST) before, immediately after, and 30 min after HIIT. Results: 20 and 30 min HIIT increased BLa (both p < 0.01), cortisol (20 min HIIT: p < 0.05; 30 min HIIT: p < 0.01), and testosterone (both p < 0.05) levels immediately when compared with their baselines. While BLa and cortisol were significantly higher in 30 min HIIT group than in 20 min HIIT group. Moreover, BDNF concentration (p < 0.01), DST-F (p < 0.01) and DST-B (p < 0.05) were increased and response time of Stroop was decreased immediately after HIIT only in 20 min HIIT group. VEGF-A concentration was increased immediately after HIIT in both groups (p < 0.01), but after 30 min recovery, it was returned to the baseline in the 20 min HIIT group and was lower than the baseline in 30 min HIIT group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Twenty minutes HIIT is more effective than 30 minutes HIIT for promoting serum levels of BDNF and VEGF-A as well as cognitive function in healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chongwen Zuo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumin Bo,
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High-intensity intermittent exercise induces a potential anti-inflammatory response in healthy women across the menstrual cycle. Cytokine 2022; 154:155872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shah Z, Ahmad F, Zahra M, Zulfiqar F, Aziz S, Mahmood A. Effect of Single Bout of Moderate and High Intensity Interval Exercise on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Working Memory in Young Adult Females. Brain Plast 2022; 8:35-42. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and working memory (WM) in young adult females. Methodology: This study was conducted in the Physiology Department, Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar. Young adult females (n = 22), with a mean age of 20±2 years were recruited for two experimental sessions of MIE and HIIE, respectively. Baseline and post exercise blood samples were taken for determination of serum BDNF level and backward digit span test (BDST) for assessment of working memory in both sessions. Results: Serum BDNF levels pre and post MIE were 707±448 pg/ml and 829±476 pg/ml (p = 0.006) respectively while pre and post HIIE were 785±329 pg /ml and 1116±379 pg/ml (p < 0.001) respectively. BDST scores were significantly high at post intervention for both MIE (p = 0.05) and HIIE (p 0.001). Conclusions: Altogether our findings showed that both MIE and HIIE significantly increased serum BDNF levels and working memory in young adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubia Shah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farida Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Zahra
- Department of Physiology, Gajju Khan Medical College Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Zulfiqar
- Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sabeena Aziz
- Professor Community Medicine & Associate Dean Research, Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Mahmood
- Department of Physiology, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Ortega IA, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Mesas AE, Notario-Pacheco B. Immediate effect of high-intensity exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:367-375. [PMID: 34481089 PMCID: PMC9189701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise, the acute effects of high-intensity exercise (HIE) on BDNF levels are inconclusive. This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs reporting pre-post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included. Pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE (Version 15.0; StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. PROPERO registration number: CRD42020221047. RESULTS A total of 22 studies with 552 individuals (age range: 20-31 years; 59.1% male) were included. The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data. Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise (p-ES = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.12-0.98; I2 = 25.7%; n = 4 studies) and light-intensity exercise (p-ES = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.15-1.40; I2 = 52.4%; n = 3 studies) but not moderate-intensity exercise (p-ES = 0.93, 95%CI: -0.16 to 2.02; I2 = 88.5%; n = 4 studies) conditions. CONCLUSION In comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises, an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE. Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health, our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca 16071, Spain; Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción 2024, Paraguay.
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca 16071, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca 16071, Spain; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidad Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca 16071, Spain
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Kiesl D, Kuzdas-Sallaberger M, Fuchs D, Brunner S, Kommenda R, Tischler C, Hornich H, Akbari K, Kellermair J, Blessberger H, Ocenasek H, Hofmann P, Zimmer P, Vosko MR. Protocol for the Exercise, Cancer and Cognition - The ECCO-Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Simultaneous Exercise During Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients and Its Effects on Neurocognition. Front Neurol 2022; 13:777808. [PMID: 35401389 PMCID: PMC8990905 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.777808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies show that increased physical activity is linked to a lower risk of breast cancer and mortality. As a result, physical activity can significantly improve patients' quality of life (QOL) both during and after therapy.Many breast cancer patients demonstrate a decrease in cognitive capacity, referred to as the symptom-complex cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Most frequently reported impairments are mild to moderate deficits in processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions. Cognitive symptoms persist for months or even years, following medical treatment in roughly 35% of afflicted people, impairing everyday functioning, limiting the ability to return to work, and lowering the overall QOL. Recent studies point toward a key role of inflammatory pathways in the CRCI genesis. Attention to physical activity as a potential supportive care option is therefore increasing. However, evidence for the positive effects of exercise on preventing CRCI is still lacking. Patients and Methods Against this background, the prospective, two-arm, 1:1 randomized, controlled trial investigates the influence of first line chemotherapy accompanied by exercise training on preventing CRCI in 126 patients with breast cancer at the local University Hospital. The study will evaluate biomarkers and secondary assessments suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRCI in addition to objective (primary outcome) and subjective cognitive function. CRCI is believed to be connected to either functional and/or morphological hippocampal damage due to chemotherapy. Thus, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hippocampal volume measurements are performed. Furthermore, a specific neuropsychological test battery for breast cancer patients has been developed to detect early signs of cognitive impairments in patients and to be integrated into practice. Discussion This study will explore how a long-term supervised exercise intervention program might prevent CRCI, enables optimization of supportive care and objectifies limits of psychological and physical resilience in breast cancer patients during and after chemotherapy treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier: NCT04789187. Registered on 09 March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiesl
- Department for Internal Medicine III, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - David Fuchs
- Department for Palliative Care, Ordensklinikum Linz, Sisters of Mercy Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Silvana Brunner
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Romana Kommenda
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Tischler
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Kaveh Akbari
- Central Radiology Institute, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Jörg Kellermair
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Divison of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Milan R Vosko
- Department of Neurology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
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12
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Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic responses to high-intensity intermittent training: effect of the exercise intensity. Biol Sport 2022; 39:263-272. [PMID: 35309531 PMCID: PMC8919870 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of two high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) programs of varying intensities (100% vs. 110% of maximal aerobic velocity [MAV]) on metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers in young men. Thirty-seven active male volunteers were randomly assigned into: HIIT experimental groups (100% MAV [EG100, n = 9] and 110% MAV [EG110, n = 9]) and a control groups (CG100, n = 9 and CG110, n = 9). Particpants performed high intesity intermittent exercise test (HIIE) at 100% or 110% MAV. Venous blood samples were obtained before, at the end of HIIE and at 15 min of recovery, and before and after 8 weeks of HIIT programs. After training, Glucose was lower (p < 0.01) in EG100 (d = 0.72) and EG110 (d = 1.20) at the end of HIIE, and at 15 min recovery only in EG110 (d = 0.95). After training, Insulin and Cortisol were lower than before training in EG100 and EG110 at the end of HIIE (p < 0.001). After HIIT, IL-6 deceased (p < 0.001) in EG100 (d = 1.43) and EG110 (d = 1.56) at rest, at the end of HIIE (d = 1.03; d = 1.75, respectively) and at 15 min of recovery (d = 0.88;d = 1.7, respectively). This decrease was more robust (p < 0.05) in EG110 compared to EG100. After HIIT, TNF-α deceased (p < 0.001) in EG100 (d = 1.43) and EG110 (d = 0.60) at rest, at the end of HIIE (0.71 < d < 0.98) and at 15 min of recovery (0.70 < d < 2.78). HIIT with 110% MAV is more effective in young males on the improvements of some metabolic (Glucose), hormonal (Cortisol) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers at rest, at the end of HIIE and 15 min of recovery than training at 100 % MAV.
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13
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Olean-Oliveira T, Figueiredo C, de Poli RAB, Lopes VHF, Jimenez-Maldonado A, Lira FS, Antunes BM. Menstrual cycle impacts adipokine and lipoprotein responses to acute high-intensity intermittent exercise bout. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:103-112. [PMID: 34564755 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to hormonal fluctuation, the menstrual cycle impacts inflammatory response and lipid metabolism; moreover, the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in this cycle, mainly high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), need to be examined. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of menstrual cycle phases on adipokine and lipoprotein responses after acute HIIE sessions in healthy women. Fourteen women (age: 24 ± 2 years; BMI: 22.79 ± 1.89 kg·m2) were recruited to perform two HIIE sessions (10 × 1 min running at 90% of maximum aerobic velocity, with 1 min recovery); one during the follicular phase (FP) and other during the luteal phase (LP), randomly. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately, and 60 min after HIIE sessions. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), leptin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), HDL-c, and glucose concentrations were analyzed. At rest, higher MIP-1α concentrations were observed during the LP compared to FP (p = 0.017). Likewise, leptin (p = 0.050), LDL-c (p = 0.015), and non-HDL (p = 0.016) were statistically higher in the LP. In contrast, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was lower in the LP compared to the ratio found in the FP (p = 0.032). Immediately post-HIIE sessions, in both menstrual phases, higher TAG (p = 0.001) and HDL-c (p = 0.001) concentrations were found, which returned to resting levels after 60 min. In conclusion, adipokine and lipoprotein responses after a single HIIE session are regulated by the phase of the menstrual cycle, contributing to inflammatory conditions, and demonstrating the importance of considering the phases of the menstrual cycle for the periodization of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Araújo Bonetti de Poli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Kim JS, Galvão DA, Newton RU, Gray E, Taaffe DR. Exercise-induced myokines and their effect on prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:519-542. [PMID: 34158658 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is recognized by clinicians in the field of clinical oncology for its potential role in reducing the risk of certain cancers and in reducing the risk of disease recurrence and progression; yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this reduction in risk are not fully understood. Studies applying post-exercise blood serum directly to various types of cancer cell lines provide insight that exercise might have a role in inhibiting cancer growth via altered soluble and cell-free blood contents. Myokines, which are cytokines produced by muscle and secreted into the bloodstream, might offer multiple benefits to cellular metabolism (such as a reduction in insulin resistance, improved glucose uptake and reduced adiposity), and blood myokine levels can be altered with exercise. Alterations in the levels of myokines such as IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, irisin, secreted protein acidic risk in cysteine (SPARC), myostatin, oncostatin M and decorin might exert a direct inhibitory effect on cancer growth via inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, inducing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting the epithermal transition to mesenchymal cells. The association of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia with obesity can create a tumour-favourable environment; exercise-induced myokines can manipulate this environment by regulating adipose tissue and adipocytes. Exercise-induced myokines also have a critical role in increasing cytotoxicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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15
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Mendes BC, Copetti CLK, Panza VSP, Orssatto LBR, da Rosa JS, Diefenthaeler F, Dalmarco EM, Pietro PFD, Rieger DK. Effects of Euterpe edulis Martius on inflammatory responses to high-intensity intermittent exercise: Crossover randomized trial. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111344. [PMID: 34273682 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) may enhance the antiinflammatory status. The juçara fruit juice (JFJ) has well-established antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study investigated the effect of JFJ consumption on the inflammatory response to HIIE in physically active subjects. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, 15 men were assigned to drink 250 mL of either JFJ or water (control) 1 h before a cycling HIIE session (seven sets of 60 s at 100% peak power output; 75 s recovery between sets). Blood samples were obtained before and at 0, 30, and 60 min post-HIIE, and the serum was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cortisol. RESULTS After HIIE, the IL-6 levels were higher than baseline (percent change) at 30 min (P = 0.041) and 60 min (P = 0.038) for the control, but were unaffected by JFJ. IL-10 was higher in the JFJ group than in the control at 30 min (d = ‒0.63). Tumor necrosis factor-α was lower than baseline at 30 min for the control (d = ‒0.71) and at 60 min for the JFJ group (d = ‒0.60). For control, cortisol increased to higher than the baseline at 30 and 60 min (d = 0.54 and d = 0.76, respectively). For the JFJ group, the cortisol levels were significantly higher than the baseline at 30 min (P = 0.022). Performance during sprints was higher in the JFJ group than in the control (P = 0.002). In the control group, performance was with both IL-6 (semipartial correlation; sr = -0.59, large effect size) and cortisol at 0 h (sr = -0.52, large effect size). CONCLUSIONS JFJ intake attenuated the antiinflammatory response to HIIE, possibly resulting from a lower degree of muscle stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cunha Mendes
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Vilma Simões Pereira Panza
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucas B R Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julia Salvan da Rosa
- Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Physical Education Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Kurrle Rieger
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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16
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Okamoto M, Mizuuchi D, Omura K, Lee M, Oharazawa A, Yook JS, Inoue K, Soya H. High-intensity Intermittent Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Associated with BDNF Signaling in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4386-4397. [PMID: 33982757 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity intermittent (or interval) training (HIIT) has started to gain popularity as a time-effective approach to providing beneficial effects to the brain and to peripheral organs. However, it still remains uncertain whether HIIT enhances hippocampal functions in terms of neurogenesis and spatial memory due to unconsidered HIIT protocol for rodents. Here, we established the HIIT regimen for rats with reference to human study. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to Control, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 20 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 times/week), and HIIT (60 m/min, 10 30-s bouts of exercise, interspaced with 2.5 min of recovery, 5 times/week) groups. The ratios of exercise time and volume between MICT and HIIT were set as 6:1 and 2:1-4:1, respectively. After 4 weeks of training, all-out time in the incremental exercise test was prolonged for exercise training. In skeletal muscle, the plantaris citrate synthase activity significantly increased only in the HIIT group. Simultaneously, both HIIT and MICT led to enhanced spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as well as enhanced protein levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Collectively, we suggest that HIIT could be a time-efficient exercise protocol that enhances hippocampal memory and neurogenesis in rats and is associated with hippocampal BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizuuchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Koki Omura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Minchul Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiko Oharazawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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17
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The effects of interval training on peripheral brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8937. [PMID: 33903670 PMCID: PMC8076263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < 0.05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n = 277 participants, age = 24 ± 3 years) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and significant (ES = 0.62, 95% CI 0.00, 1.24, heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 2.76). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES = 1.10, 95% CI 0.07, 2.14), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 92%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES = 0.93, 95% CI 0.40, 1.46), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I2 = 70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.21). Acute and chronic IT elicited a moderate increase in serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.
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18
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Devasahayam AJ, Kelly LP, Williams JB, Moore CS, Ploughman M. Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:504. [PMID: 33810574 PMCID: PMC8066063 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical sedentarism is linked to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, whereas exercise upregulates growth-promoting proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The shift towards a 'repair' phenotype could protect against neurodegeneration, especially in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated whether having higher fitness or participating in an acute bout of maximal exercise would shift the balance of BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples of people with progressive MS (n = 14), compared to matched controls (n = 8). Participants performed a maximal graded exercise test on a recumbent stepper, and blood samples were collected at rest and after the test. We assessed walking speed, fatigue, and maximal oxygen consumption (V·O2max). People with MS achieved about 50% lower V·O2max (p = 0.003) than controls. At rest, there were no differences in BDNF between MS and controls; however, IL-6 was significantly higher in MS. Higher V·O2max was associated with a shift in BDNF/IL-6 ratio from inflammation to repair (R = 0.7, p = 0.001) when considering both groups together. In the MS group, greater ability to upregulate BDNF was associated with faster walking speed and lower vitality. We present evidence that higher fitness indicates a shift in the balance of blood biomarkers towards a repair phenotype in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Joshua Devasahayam
- L.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, Canada; (A.J.D.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Liam Patrick Kelly
- L.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, Canada; (A.J.D.); (L.P.K.)
| | - John Bradley Williams
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.B.W.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Craig Stephen Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.B.W.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Michelle Ploughman
- L.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, Canada; (A.J.D.); (L.P.K.)
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.B.W.); (C.S.M.)
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19
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Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4113. [PMID: 33603039 PMCID: PMC7893166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) induces the myokine secretion associated with neurogenesis, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); however, it remains unknown how the menstrual phase influences this secretion after an acute exercise session. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIE performed in luteal and follicular menstrual phases on BDNF, cognitive function, mood, and exercise enjoyment. Fourteen healthy women completed four experimental sessions, randomly. One graded exercise test (GXT) and one HIIE session (10 × 1-min runs 90% peak GXT velocity [1-min recovery]) were performed for each menstrual phase. Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after efforts, and the profile of mood states questionnaire (POMS) and Stroop-task test were applied. During the HIIE, subjective scales were applied (feeling, felt arousal, rate of perceived exertion, and physical activity enjoyment). The main results showed that the serum BDNF presented no difference between menstrual phases (p = 0.870); however, HIIE increased BDNF concentration in both menstrual phases (p = 0.030). In addition, the magnitude of circulating BDNF variation (Δ%BDNF) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\text{V}}{{\text{O}}}_{\text{2max}}$$\end{document}V˙O2max demonstrated an inverse relationship in the follicular phase (r = − 0.539, p = 0.046), whereas in the luteal phase, Δ%BDNF was negatively correlated with time test (r = − 0.684, p = 0.007) and RPE (r = − 0.726, p = 0.004) in GXT. No differences between menstrual phases were observed for POMS (p ≥ 0.05); however, HIIE attenuated tension (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.01), and anger moods (p < 0.01), independently of menstrual phases. The subjective scales and Stroop-task test did not show differences. In conclusion, menstrual cycle phase does not affect serum BDNF levels, cognitive function, mood, and exercise enjoyment. Contrary, HIIE increases peripheral BDNF and attenuates tension, depression, and anger independently of menstrual phase. In addition, Δ%BDNF was correlated with physical fitness in the follicular phase, exhibiting higher changes in women with lower physical fitness status.
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20
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García-Suárez PC, Rentería I, Moncada-Jiménez J, Fry AC, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Acute Systemic Response Of BDNF, Lactate and Cortisol to Strenuous Exercise Modalities in Healthy Untrained Women. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820970818. [PMID: 33354170 PMCID: PMC7734519 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820970818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bouts of intense exercise increase lactate concentration, which in turn stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production. Cortisol released during intense exercise might inhibit BDNF synthesis. This study examined the acute effects of 2 protocols of strenuous exercise on serum BDNF. Seventeen physically-active healthy females (Age = 20.0 ± 0.9 yr., BMI = 23.0 ± 2.6 kg/m2) performed a strenuous cycle-ergometer graded exercise test (GXT) and a high-intensity interval training session (HIIT). Serum BDNF, serum cortisol, cortisol: BDNF ratio and blood lactate (BLa) were recorded at baseline and immediately following exercise. Although non-statistically significant, the HIIT session elicited a higher magnitude of change from baseline for BDNF (d = 0.17) and cortisol (d = 1.18) than after the GXT (d = -0.26, and d = 0.82, respectively). An interaction was found between GXT and HIIT trials and measurements on BLa levels, with higher post-exertion values after HIIT than after GXT (p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.650, 95%CI = 2.2, 5.2). The higher BLa levels did not raise circulating BDNF. The elevated cortisol levels may have overcome the effects of lactate on BDNF. However, the higher BLa induced by HIIT suggest that interval exercise modality on the long-term could be a feasible intervention to increase circulating peripheral BDNF, at least in untrained healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Department of Health, Sport, & Exercise Sciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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21
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Immunoregulation induced by autologous serum collected after acute exercise in obese men: a randomized cross-over trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21735. [PMID: 33303928 PMCID: PMC7729871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of autologous serum collected after two types of exercise on the in vitro inflammatory profile and T cell phenotype of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in obese men. Serum samples and PBMCs were obtained from eight obese men who performed two exercise bouts—high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and exhaustive exercise session to voluntary fatigue—in a randomized cross-over trial. Pre-exercise PBMCs were incubated with 50% autologous serum (collected before and after each exercise bout) for 4 h. In vitro experiments revealed that post-HIIE serum reduced the histone H4 acetylation status and NF-κB content of PBMCs and suppressed the production of both TNF-α and IL-6 by PBMCs, while increasing IL-10 production. Post-exhaustive exercise serum induced histone H4 hyperacetylation and mitochondrial depolarization in lymphocytes and increased TNF-α production. In vitro post-HIIE serum incubation resulted in an increase in the frequencies of CD4 + CTLA-4 + and CD4 + CD25+ T cells expressing CD39 and CD73. Post-exhaustive exercise serum decreased the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + CD73+ T cells but increased CD4 + CD25-CD39 + T cell frequency. Both post-exercise serums increased the proportions of CD4 + PD-1 + and CD8 + PD-1+ T cells. Blood serum factors released during exercise altered the immune response and T cell phenotype. The type of exercise impacted the immunomodulatory activity of the post-exercise serum on PBMCs.
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22
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High-intensity exercise programs in people with dementia — a systematic review and meta-analysis. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDementia is a syndrome characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive and physical functions. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise training (HIT) programs on cognitive and mental health, physical performance, activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia. A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was performed until July 2019. We calculated mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), and assessed heterogeneity using I2 statistic. Nine studies from three large-scale research projects which were based on the high-intensity functional exercise (HIFE) program incorporating strength, balance and mobility exercises of the lower limbs, including 456 participants (85.5 ± 7.0 years), were considered. There was an overall good study quality (mean PEDro score = 7.6 ± 0.7). Compared to seated control activities, strength and balance HIT resulted in statistically significant but small positive effects on balance performance (MD = 2.31, 95% CI = 0.44–4.17, p = 0.02; I2 = 73%) and on the abilities to independently perform ADLs (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.44, p = 0.0006; I2 = 0%). No differences were found in cognitive function, depressive symptoms and QoL. The qualitative analyses yielded sporadic beneficial results (mobility, psychological well-being and apathetic behaviour) in favour of HIT. There is only limited evidence for an intensity-related dose–response relationship. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify the best exercise type for different types and stages of dementia.
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Małczyńska-Sims P, Chalimoniuk M, Sułek A. The Effect of Endurance Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy People and Parkinson's Disease. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578981. [PMID: 33329027 PMCID: PMC7711132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One purpose of the training conducted by people is to lose bodyweight and improve their physical condition. It is well-known that endurance training provides many positive changes in the body, not only those associated with current beauty standards. It also promotes biochemical changes such as a decreased inflammatory status, memory improvements through increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced stress hormone levels. The positive effects of training may provide a novel solution for people with Parkinson's disease, as a way to reduce the inflammatory status and decrease neurodegeneration through stimulation of neuroplasticity and improved motor conditions. Aim: This narrative review aims to focus on the relationship between an acute bout of endurance exercise, endurance training (continuous and interval), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status in the three subject groups (young adults, older adult, and patients with Parkinson's disease), and to review the current state of knowledge about the possible causes of the differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status response to a bout of endurance exercise and endurance training. Furthermore, short practical recommendations for PD patients were formulated for improving the efficacy of the training process during rehabilitation. Methods: A narrative review was performed following an electronic search of the database PubMed/Medline and Web of Science for English-language articles between January 2010 and January 2020. Results: Analysis of the available publications with partial results revealed (1) a possible connection between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and inflammatory status, and (2) a more beneficial influence of endurance training compared with acute bouts of endurance exercise. Conclusion: Despite the lack of direct evidence, the results from studies show that endurance training may have a positive effect on inflammatory status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Introducing endurance training as part of the rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease might provide benefits for patients in addition to pharmacological therapy supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sułek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Changes in the Hormonal Profile of Athletes following a Combat Sports Performance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9684792. [PMID: 33145363 PMCID: PMC7599089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9684792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Results Following fighting, the adrenaline concentration was significantly higher in all athletes, most markedly in K (p < 0.001). Baseline cortisol and BDNF levels did not differ among the groups and rose significantly in all the groups after the performance. Baseline testosterone concentration was slightly higher in K than in JSW and rose in all the groups to reach similar levels; the increase in T was significantly higher than in K. Conclusions Despite substantial differences in the characteristics of the combat sports investigated, including the type of physical effort and the required balance between restraint and aggression, the performance in each of them gives rise to similar hormonal changes with a possible exception of karate showing higher stress hormone levels.
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O'Callaghan A, Harvey M, Houghton D, Gray WK, Weston KL, Oates LL, Romano B, Walker RW. Comparing the influence of exercise intensity on brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in people with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1731-1738. [PMID: 31606860 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to be protective against the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson's disease (PD), and is thought to increase during exercise. This has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which exercise improves outcomes for people with PD. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the role of exercise intensity on BDNF levels in people with PD. METHODS Participants of early- to mid-stage disease were recruited from a single PD service in north-east England, UK into two separate studies of exercise in PD, one involving moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and one involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), both had control groups. In both the interventions, participants exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken for BDNF analysis at the start and end of the first session and the start and end of the final session, with corresponding samples taken in controls. RESULTS Data were available for 27 participants (13 intervention, 14 control) in the MICT intervention and 17 (9 intervention, 8 control) in the HIIT intervention. BDNF level did not rise significantly from the start to end of individual sessions. Across the 12 week period, they rose significantly in the HIIT intervention group, but not in controls or the MICT intervention group. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval training appears to have a greater impact on BDNF than MICT. Future work should directly compare exercise modalities and investigate the impact of BDNF levels on disease progression and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailish O'Callaghan
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
- North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, UK
| | - Marguerite Harvey
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William K Gray
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK.
| | - Kathryn L Weston
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Lloyd L Oates
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
| | | | - Richard W Walker
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 8NH, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor following high or moderate-intensity exercise is accompanied with better cognition performance in obese adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13493. [PMID: 32778721 PMCID: PMC7417991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test if different intensities of aerobic exercise could influence abdominal fat, isoforms of BDNF and executive function. Twenty obese men (30.0 ± 5.4 years old; 34.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 10) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT, n = 10) three times a week for 6 weeks, with isoenergetic energetic expenditure for each exercise session (~ 300 kcal) between conditions. Abdominal fat was assessed pre- and post-intervention; executive function (Coding subtest from BETA-III non-verbal intelligence test and Stroop Color and Word Test), concentrations of mBDNF and proBDNF were assessed in response to acute exercise pre- and post-intervention. Abdominal fat did not change in either group. There was a significant increase in mBDNF immediately after acute exercise in both groups before and after intervention. proBDNF did not present changes acutely nor after 6 weeks. Executive function presented a main effect of time at pre- and post-intervention time-points Stroop Word and Stroop Color and Coding subtest presented improved performance from pre- to post-acute exercise session, in both groups. In conclusion, executive function improvements and acute exercise session-induced increases in mBDNF concentration were found from pre- to post-exercise intervention similarly between MICT and HIIT in obese men.
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Yamashiro M, Nishimura Y, Mikami Y, Kouda K, Sakurai Y, Yoshioka I, Kinoshita T, Kojima D, Tajima F. Attenuation of core temperature elevation and interleukin-6 excretion during head-out hot water immersion in elderly people. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:444-448. [PMID: 32753784 PMCID: PMC7344289 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Previous studies have demonstrated a link between core body temperature and
interleukin-6 production. Recent studies have reported that 20 minutes of head-out
immersion in hot water (42°C) increased serum interleukin-6 levels in young males. This
study aimed to compare the efficacy of head-out immersion in hot water (42°C) on serum
interleukin-6 levels in seven elderly (66–75 years old) and eight young males (21–32 years
old). [Participants and Methods] Venous blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately
after head-out immersion in hot water (42°C), after 1 hour, and after 2 hours. Levels of
serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;
blood cell counts; and core temperature were measured. [Results] It was found that 20
minutes of head-out immersion in hot water (42°C) increased the core temperature in both
the elderly and young participants; however, the rise in core temperature was more
attenuated in elderly participants. Serum interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher
in young participants 1 hour after the head-out immersion in hot water (42°C); however,
serum interleukin-6 levels did not change in elderly participants. Serum tumor necrosis
factor-α and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels remained constant throughout the
study the elderly and young participants. [Conclusion] The current study demonstrated that
head-out immersion in hot water (42°C) more attenuated core temperature and interleukin-6
levels in elderly participants than in young participants. We assert that these
differences are likely to be related to age-related changes in core temperature regulation
and muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Mikami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Kouda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakurai
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshioka
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Tokio Kinoshita
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University: 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Cabral-Santos C, Silveira LS, Chimin P, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Moderate aerobic exercise-induced cytokines changes are disturbed in PPARα knockout mice. Cytokine 2020; 134:155207. [PMID: 32693363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a role in regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. We aimed to assess the role of PPARα on exercise-mediated locally produced cytokines in adipose fat deposits and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-/-) mice were examined. Each genotype was randomly subdivided into three groups: non-exercised, and euthanized 2 or 24 h after a moderate aerobic exercise session (run on a treadmill at 60% of maximum speed for 1 h). Fat content in gastrocnemius muscle and lipolytic activity in isolated adipose tissue from mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue were evaluated. In addition, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) content were evaluated by ELISA. WT mice showed a maximum lipolysis rate, as well as higher IL-6, IL-10, and IL10/TNF-α ratio values 2 h post-exercise (RPAT only) compared with PPARα-/- mice. Taken together, our data suggests that PPARα knockout mice exhibited reduced lipolysis and anti-inflammatory response in adipose tissue following exercise, PPARα appears to play an important role in immunomodulatory and lipolysis signaling after acute moderate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação Física, Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Walsh EI, Smith L, Northey J, Rattray B, Cherbuin N. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate: A review of associations and dosage. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101044. [PMID: 32171785 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has received substantial research attention due to its beneficial impact on cognition in ageing, particularly via the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is well established that physical activity can elevate circulating levels of BDNF, and that BDNF has neurotrophic, neuroprotective and cognitively beneficial properties. Yet, practical implementation of this knowledge is limited by a lack of clarity on context and dose-effect. Against a shifting backdrop of gradually diminishing physical and cognitive capacity in normal ageing, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity required to elicit elevations in BDNF, and more importantly, the magnitude of BDNF elevation required for detectable neuroprotection remains poorly characterised. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the association between physical activity, BDNF, and cognition, with a focus on clarifying the magnitude of these effects in the context of normative ageing. We discuss the implications of the available evidence for the design of physical activity interventions intended to promote healthy cognitive ageing.
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Hemodynamic Adaptations Induced by Short-Term Run Interval Training in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134636. [PMID: 32605106 PMCID: PMC7369875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceived lack of time is one of the most often cited barriers to exercise participation. High intensity interval training has become a popular training modality that incorporates intervals of maximal and low-intensity exercise with a time commitment usually shorter than 30 min. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term run interval training (RIT) on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory responses in undergraduate college students. Nineteen males (21.5 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to a non-exercise control (CON, n = 10) or RIT (n = 9). Baseline measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate (HRrest), double product (DP) and BC were obtained from both groups. VO2max and running speed associated with VO2peak (sVO2peak) were then measured. RIT consisted of three running treadmill sessions per week over 4 weeks (intervals at 100% sVO2peak, recovery periods at 40% sVO2peak). There were no differences in post-training BC or VO2max between groups (p > 0.05). HRrest (p = 0.006) and DP (p ≤ 0.001) were lower in the RIT group compared to CON at completion of the study. RIT lowered HRrest and DP in the absence of appreciable BC and VO2max changes. Thereby, RIT could be an alternative model of training to diminish health-related risk factors in undergraduate college students.
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Marinus N, Hansen D, Feys P, Meesen R, Timmermans A, Spildooren J. The Impact of Different Types of Exercise Training on Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1529-1546. [PMID: 31270754 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementia) continues to increase due to population aging, it is mandatory to understand the role of exercise for maintaining/improving brain health. OBJECTIVES To analyse the impact of aerobic, strength and combined aerobic/strength exercise training on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in older adults (minimum age 60 years). METHODS This meta-analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (i) studies with subjects aged ≥ 60 years, (ii) completing a single exercise bout or an exercise programme, with (iii) measurements of blood BDNF in the periphery; (iv) with comparison between (a) an intervention and control group or (b) two intervention groups, or (c) pre- and post-measurements of an exercise intervention without control group. Studies with specific interest in known chronic co-morbidities or brain diseases affecting the peripheral and/or central nervous system, except for dementia, were excluded. RESULTS In general, peripheral blood BDNF concentrations increased significantly after a single aerobic/strength exercise bout (Z = 2.21, P = 0.03) as well as after an exercise programme (Z = 4.72, P < 0.001). However, when comparing the different types of exercise within these programmes, the increase in the peripheral BDNF concentrations was significant after strength training (Z = 2.94, P = 0.003) and combined aerobic/strength training (Z = 3.03, P = 0.002) but not after (low-to-moderate intense) aerobic exercise training (Z = 0.82, P = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Based on current evidence, to increase the peripheral blood BDNF concentrations in older adults, strength training and combined aerobic/strength training is effective. More studies are needed to examine the impact of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Marinus
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annick Timmermans
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joke Spildooren
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Zare MM, Ghram A, Akbarnejad A, Soori R, Charkhi Sahl Abad A, Azizi Ghuchan F, Nunes-Silva A. Effect of purslane seed supplementation on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and muscle damage in response to high-intensity intermittent exercise in national athlete runners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Timing of high-intensity intermittent exercise affects ad libitum energy intake in overweight inactive men. Appetite 2019; 143:104443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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How do different physical exercise parameters modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy and non-healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Martínez-Corona DO, Moncada-Jiménez J, Plaisance EP, JiméNez-Maldonado A. Short-term high-Intensity interval training increases systemic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy women. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:516-524. [PMID: 31386821 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1650120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases neuronal viability and cognitive function, peripheral lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle repair. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum BDNF concentrations in healthy young women. METHODS Seventeen women (age:22 ± 1 years); body mass index (BMI:24.2 ± 2.2 kg/m²), body fat percentage (% fat:25.8 ± 4.7) participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to a control (n = 8) or HIIT group (n = 9). All participants performed a graded exercise test (GXT) on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer to determine maximal aerobic power (MAP, Watts). HIIT was performed three days per week for four weeks. Each HIIT session consisted of three to five cycling bouts of 30 s each at 80% MAP, followed by four-minutes of recovery at 40% MAP. Forty-eight hours after the last bout of exercise, both groups performed a follow-up GXT. Non-fasting blood samples were collected before and immediately after each GXT. Mixed factorial (2 groups x 4 measures, and 2 groups x 2 measures) ANOVA was used to assess BDNF concentrations, performance and anthropometric variables. RESULTS Serum BDNF concentrations in the HIIT group (21.9 ± 1.3 ng/mL) increased compared to control (19.2 ± 2.8 ng/mL) (∼12%, P < 0.05) following HIIT. In contrast, circulating BDNF concentrations were reduced following the GXT (P < 0.05). The MAP and % Fat did not change with HIIT. CONCLUSIONS Twelve sessions of HIIT increases circulating BDNF concentrations in healthy young women despite no change in physical performance or % fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México
| | | | - David O Martínez-Corona
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México
| | | | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Yang Y, Chen SC, Yang WT, Kuo JT, Chien KY. Cold water immersion recovery strategy increases blood pressure levels after high-intensity intermittent exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1925-1933. [PMID: 31219254 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) recovery strategies on the blood pressure levels and related physiological parameters after high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE). METHODS This randomized crossover study included 20 men (21.5±1.6 years). Each participant performed a maximum-exertion exercise performance test on a bicycle, and heart rate was measured. Subsequently, six cycles of HIIE (1 minute at 120% heart rate reserve [HRR] and 4 minutes at 40% HRR) were performed in a random sequence, and the recovery period involved either CWI or static rest (SR). RESULTS Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels at the 6th and 20th minute of CWI recovery were significantly higher than those during SR and significantly higher than those during a quiet state at the 6th minute. The heart rates at the 20th minute and 35th minute of CWI recovery were significantly lower than that during SR, and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at the 6th and 20th minute of CWI recovery were significantly lower than that during SR. No significant difference in lactate production was evident between the two recovery strategies. Ear temperature was not significantly different when it was quiet, at the end of exercise, and at the 6th and 35th minute of recovery; however, at the 20th minute of recovery, ear temperature during CWI was significantly higher than that during SR. CONCLUSIONS CWI after HIIE reduced the extent to which blood pressure decreased. For the fatigue-related heart rate and RPE indicators, CWI was superior to SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chen
- Department of Recreational Sports Management, Yu Da University of Science and Technology, Maoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Joanna T Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan -
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Figueiredo C, Antunes BM, Giacon TR, Vanderlei LCM, Campos EZ, Peres FP, Clark NW, Panissa VLG, Lira FS. Influence of Acute and Chronic High-Intensity Intermittent Aerobic Plus Strength Exercise on BDNF, Lipid and Autonomic Parameters. J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:359-368. [PMID: 31191107 PMCID: PMC6544002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is two-fold. First, we evaluated whether 8-weeks of combined training (high-intensity intermittent plus strength training) may change brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and lipid parameters (triacylglycerol, HDL-c and non-HDL) in a fasted state. Second, we investigated the effect of an acute session of high-intensity intermittent exercise followed by strength training on systemic BDNF and lipid parameters pre- and post 8-weeks of training. Twenty-one healthy and physically active men were divided into two groups: high-intensity intermittent exercise combined with strength training (HSG; n = 11) and control (CG; n = 10). The HSG exercised for one minute at 100% of speedVO2max (sVO2max) interspersed with one minute of passive recovery followed by strength training (8 exercises with 8-12 repetition maximum loads) for 8-weeks. Heart rate variability, blood pressure, lipid profile, and BDNF concentrations were measured in the fasted state pre- and post-exercise and before and after the 8-week training period. After 8-weeks of exercise training, there was an increase in spectral high frequency component (ms2) and RR interval (p < 0.05), a decreased spectral low frequency component (nu) and heart rate values (p < 0.05), an increase in HDL-c (p < 0.001), and lower BDNF concentrations (p < 0.001). These results suggest that 8-weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise combined with strength exercise is an effective protective cardio-metabolic strategy capable of increasing HDL-c and BDNF concentrations after an acute exercise session. In the long-term, the modulation on BDNF and HDL-c concentrations may be a determining factor for protection against neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís R Giacon
- Departament of Physioterapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Vanderlei
- Departament of Physioterapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Nicolas W Clark
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Valéria L G Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Teixeira AM, Lira FS. Short-time high-intensity exercise increases peripheral BDNF in a physical fitness-dependent way in healthy men. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:43-50. [PMID: 31057094 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1611929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BDNF is associated with brain health and positively modulated by exercise; however, the influence of physical fitness status on BDNF is incipient. This study investigated the BDNF response after acute-exercise sessions performed at low, moderate, and high intensities and the relationship between physical fitness status and BDNF response. Twenty-eight men, divided according to physical fitness status (<50th or >50th percentile for VO2max), performed three randomised acute exercise sessions at low (90% of VT1), moderate (midpoint between VT1-VT2), and high (midpoint between VT2-Wmax) intensities until exhaustion or for up to 60 min. Lactate and BDNF were determined pre and post-exercises. For BDNF, there were main effects of time (p = 0.003) and interaction (p < 0.001), showing an increase post high-intensity exercise (p < 0.001). Changes in BDNF presented differences between conditions (p < 0.001) with greater increase in high-intensity compared with the others (p = 0.003). For lactate, there were main effects of time (p < 0.001), condition (p < 0.001), and interaction (p < 0.001) with greater concentration in high-intensity. High-intensity exercise exhibited inverse correlation between the changes in BDNF and lactate (r=-0.38, p = 0.044). There was significant correlation between BDNF and VO2max for moderate (r = -0.57, p = 0.002) and a trend for high-intensity condition (r = -0.37, p = 0.050) and when evaluating BDNF according to physical fitness level, it was observed that subjects with lower physical fitness levels had greater increases in BDNF in short-time high-intensity exercise (p = 0.041). In conclusion, short-time high-intensity exercise seems to be more efficient in increasing BDNF concentration, and physical fitness level influences this response, as healthy individuals with lower physical fitness levels were more responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research center for Sport and Physical Activity (UID/PTD/04213/2016), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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39
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Kemp RN, Loh R, Howe CCF, Moir HJ. Relationship of inflammatory response and mood to high-intensity interval exercise. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael N. Kemp
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Roland Loh
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Christopher C. F. Howe
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Hannah J. Moir
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
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40
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Feter N, Spanevello RM, Soares MSP, Spohr L, Pedra NS, Bona NP, Freitas MP, Gonzales NG, Ito LGMS, Stefanello FM, Rombaldi AJ. How does physical activity and different models of exercise training affect oxidative parameters and memory? Physiol Behav 2018; 201:42-52. [PMID: 30552921 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chronic effects of different physical exercise and physical activity models on cognitive function, cholinergic activity, and oxidative stress markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Eighty 60-day old C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following five groups: Sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), and physical activity (RW, for "running wheel"). Cognitive function (recognition and spatial memory), oxidative stress parameters, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. MICT mice exhibited enhanced recognition memory compared to SED mice (p = .046) and other exercised groups (HIIT: p < .001; RW: p = .003; RT: p < .001). The RT group showed better spatial memory compared to the SED (p = .004), MICT (p = .019), and RW (p = .003) groups. RW, MICT, HIIT, and RT training models reduced nitrites in the hippocampus compared to the SED group. RT led to a significant increase in both lipid peroxidation (p = .01) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < .001) levels compared to the SED group in the hippocampus. MICT promoted an increase in catalase (CAT) activity (p = .002), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was diminished by RT compared to MICT and HIIT (p = .008). In the cerebral cortex, RT increased ROS levels, but exhibited the lowest lipid peroxidation level among the groups (p < .001). The RW group showed an activity-induced increase in lipid peroxidation level compared to the SED group, and the highest level of CAT activity among all groups (p < .001). AChE activity was higher in the RT group compared to the SED, MICT, and RW groups (p = .039) in the cerebral cortex. In summary, nitrite levels in the hippocampus were decreased in all intervention groups regardless of activity or exercise model. Likewise, MICT improved recognition memory besides increasing CAT activity. We conclude that the MICT and RT protocols seem to act as oxidative stress regulators and non-pharmacological strategies to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiza Spohr
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Airton José Rombaldi
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
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Cabral-Santos C, de Lima Junior EA, Fernandes IMDC, Pinto RZ, Rosa-Neto JC, Bishop NC, Lira FS. Interleukin-10 responses from acute exercise in healthy subjects: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9956-9965. [PMID: 30536945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that plays a critical role with potent anti-inflammatory properties when produced during exercise, limiting host immune response to pathogens and preventing tissue damage. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the response of IL-10 after acute exercise session in healthy adults. METHODS Databases of Ovid Medline (1978-2016), CINAHL (1998-2016), EMBASE (2003-2016), SportDiscus (1990-2016), and Web of Science library (1990-2016) were carefully screened. Clinical trials comparing exercise types in healthy individuals were included for pooled analysis. The trials of exercise were methodologically appraised by PEDro Scale. RESULTS Twelve randomized controlled and crossover trials containing 176 individuals were identified for inclusion. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences between type of exercise and the corresponding values in IL-10 [X2(4) = 2.878; p = 0.449]. The duration of exercise was significantly correlated with increase in IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.015-0.042, p < 0.0001) indicating that 48% of the variation in IL-10 levels can be explained by the duration of the exercise performed. In addition, despite a linear increase, we did not find a significant correlation with the intensity of exercise and IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 0.218, 95%CI: -0.554-0.042, p < 0.035). CONCLUSION Overall, the duration of the exercise is the single most important factor determining the magnitude of the exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolette Charllote Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences and National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Moncada-Jiménez J, Freire-Royes LF. The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain: A Mini-Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:839. [PMID: 30487731 PMCID: PMC6246624 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein mainly synthetized in the neurons. Early evidence showed that BDNF participates in cognitive processes as measured at the hippocampus. This neurotrophin is as a reliable marker of brain function; moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that BDNF participates in physiological processes such as glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The BDNF has been also studied using the exercise paradigm to determine its response to different exercise modalities; therefore, BDNF is considered a new member of the exercise-related molecules. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise protocol characterized by low work volume performed at a high intensity [i.e., ≥80% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)]. Recent evidence supports the contention that HIIT elicits higher fat oxidation in skeletal muscle than other forms of exercise. Similarly, HIIT is a good stimulus to increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Few studies have investigated the impact of HIIT on the BDNF response. The present work summarizes the effects of acute and long-term HIIT on BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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43
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Oberste M, Schaffrath N, Schmidt K, Bloch W, Jäger E, Steindorf K, Hartig P, Joisten N, Zimmer P. Protocol for the "Chemobrain in Motion - study" (CIM - study): a randomized placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a high-intensity interval endurance training on cancer related cognitive impairments in women with breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1071. [PMID: 30400840 PMCID: PMC6220507 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of breast cancer patients suffer from Cancer Related Cognitive Impairments (CRCI). Exercise is suggested as a potential supportive care option to reduce cognitive decline in cancer patients. This study will investigate the effects of a high-intensity interval endurance training (HIIT) on CRCI in breast cancer patients. Potentially underlying immunological and neurobiological mechanisms, as well as effects on patients' self-perceived cognitive functioning and common cancer related side-effects, will be explored. METHODS A single-blinded randomized controlled trial will be carried out. The impact of HIIT on CRCI will be compared to that of a placebo-intervention (supervised myofascial release training). Both interventions will be conducted simultaneously with the patients' first-line chemotherapy treatment typically lasting 12-18 weeks. Fifty-nine women with breast cancer will be included in each of the two groups. The study is powered to detect (α = .05, β = .2) a medium effect size difference between the two groups (d = .5) in terms of patients' change in cognitive testing performances, from baseline until the end of the exercise-intervention. The cognitive test battery, recommended by the International Cancer and Cognition Task Force to assess CRCI, will be used as primary measure. This includes the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (learning/verbal memory), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (verbal fluency) and the Trail-Making-Test A/B (attention/set-switching). The following endpoints will be assessed as secondary measures: Go-/No-Go test performance (response inhibition), self-perceived cognitive functioning, serum levels of pro- and antiinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1 alpha, Interleukin-1 beta, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and Interleukin-10), serum levels of neurotrophic and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as common cancer-related side effects (decrease in physical capacity, fatigue, anxiety and depression, sleep disturbances, quality of life and chemotherapy compliance). DISCUSSION This study will provide data on the question whether HIIT is an effective supportive therapy that alleviates CRCI in breast cancer patients. Moreover, the present study will help shed light on the underlying mechanisms of potential CRCI improving effects of exercise in breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ID: DRKS00011390 , Registered on 17 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Schaffrath
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Becke A, Müller P, Dordevic M, Lessmann V, Brigadski T, Müller NG. Daily Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia Over 2 Weeks Reduces BDNF Plasma Levels in Young Adults - A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1337. [PMID: 30327610 PMCID: PMC6174219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The results from animal and human research indicate that acute intermittent hypoxia can enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma levels and gene expression. As BDNF is known to promote the differentiation of new neurons and the formation of synapses, it has been proposed to mediate adult neuroplasticity. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of daily intermittent exposure to normobaric hypoxia (simulating high altitude exposure at approximately 4000–5000 m) over 2 weeks on BDNF levels in young adults. Methods: Twenty-eight young adults (age: 19–33 years) were randomized into a hypoxic intervention group (N = 14) or the control group (N = 14). Participants in the intervention group breathed intermittent normobaric hypoxic air at resting conditions (5 min intervals, 80–85% SpO2 measured via a finger pulse oximeter, 12 sessions for 60 min/day for 2 weeks) via a hypoxic generator. BDNF plasma and serum levels were determined at baseline and at 2 weeks after intervention using sandwich ELISAs. Results: After 2 weeks of daily intermittent hypoxic treatment (IHT), we found a significant group x time interaction effect for BDNF plasma levels based on a significant decrease in BDNF levels in the hypoxia group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that daily intermittent administration of hypoxic air has a significant effect on BDNF regulation in healthy young adults. Contrary to other results reporting an increase in BDNF levels under hypoxic conditions, the present data suggest that hypoxic treatment using intensive IHT can reduce BDNF plasma levels for at least 2 weeks. This finding indicates that the daily application of hypoxic air is too frequent for the aimed physiological response, namely, an increase in BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Becke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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45
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Pereira ES, Krause Neto W, Calefi AS, Georgetti M, Guerreiro L, Zocoler CAS, Gama EF. Significant Acute Response of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Following a Session of Extreme Conditioning Program Is Correlated With Volume of Specific Exercise Training in Trained Men. Front Physiol 2018; 9:823. [PMID: 30018570 PMCID: PMC6038715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an acute and chronic increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to different types of physical exercise. Currently, many individuals seek physical training strategies that present different types of stimulation and volume/intensity. Thus, the extreme conditioning methodology has gained great notoriety in the scientific and non-scientific environment. Knowing that BDNF values increase in an effort-dependent manner, it is necessary to study the effects of this strategy on BDNF levels. This study aimed to evaluate the acute response of BDNF in trained men submitted to an extreme conditioning program (ECP) session. Ten volunteers underwent an acute ECP session using the “as many reps as possible” (WOD-AMRAP) method, including three types of exercise (clean, wall ball and double or single-unders) for 9 min. BDNF was measured in the plasma, being collected baseline and immediately after the session. Total load of the clean exercise was five times greater than wall ball exercise (p < 0.05; 2096.1 ± 387.4 kg vs 415.8 ± 81.03 kg), which influenced little in the total load (p < 0.05, 2511.9 ± 358.52 kg) used. For the total volume, practitioners averaged 1.7 times more repetitions in the wall ball exercise compared to clean (46.2 ± 9 vs 29.5 ± 3.8 repetitions). The volunteers averaged 75.7 ± 12.6 double-unders repetitions, bringing the total volume of training to 151.4 ± 23.7 repetitions. Regarding the BDNF values, there was a significant difference (p = 0.05) between the pre- vs post-moments (11209.85 ± 1270.4 vs 12132.96 ± 1441.93 pg/ml). Effect size for this change as moderate (ES = 0.79). We found a positive correlation between total volume of clean exercise and delta BDNF values (p = 0.049). In conclusion, a single extreme conditioning session, through the practice of the WOD-AMRAP method, is capable of increasing the acute concentrations of plasma BDNF. In practical terms, we may suggest that future studies evaluate the effect of ECP as a strategy in the treatment of disorders associated with central degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy S Pereira
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atilio S Calefi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Georgetti
- Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar A S Zocoler
- Laboratory of Human Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane F Gama
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Casuso RA, Aragon-Vela J, Huertas JR, Ruiz-Ariza A, Martínez-Lopez EJ. Comparison of the inflammatory and stress response between sprint interval swimming and running. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1371-1378. [PMID: 29281146 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare myocellular damage, metabolic stress, and inflammatory responses as well as circulating sodium (Na+ ) and potassium (K+ ) between a single sprint swimming and running training. Eighteen subjects regularly involved in swimming and running training for at least 2 years were recruited. The subjects performed 8 × 30 seconds "all out" exercise on different days either by running or by swimming in a random order. Blood was collected before each training session, after the cessation of exercise (post) and after 2 hours of rest (2 hours). We then analyzed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), cortisol, creatine kinase MB isoform (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), K+ , and Na+ . Neither TNF-α nor IL-10 differed between swimming and running. Most of the subjects showed a non-statistically significant increase of LDH and CK-MB after swimming. On the other hand, IL-6 (P < .05) and cortisol (P < .05) were significantly lower after 2 hours of swimming than after running. In addition, post-exercise K+ was significantly lower (P < .001) for swimming than for running. Our results provide evidence of similar inflammatory responses between exercise modes but lower metabolic stress in response to swimming than in response to running.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Casuso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Aragon-Vela
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J R Huertas
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-Ariza
- Department of Didactic of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - E J Martínez-Lopez
- Department of Didactic of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Lira FS, dos Santos T, Caldeira RS, Inoue DS, Panissa VLG, Cabral-Santos C, Campos EZ, Rodrigues B, Monteiro PA. Short-Term High- and Moderate-Intensity Training Modifies Inflammatory and Metabolic Factors in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:856. [PMID: 29163201 PMCID: PMC5671556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men. Methods: Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. Results: The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group). Conclusion: Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaislaine dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Santos Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria L. G. Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z. Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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The Effect of a 12-Week Health Training Program on Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Variables in Middle-Aged Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9569513. [PMID: 29130051 PMCID: PMC5654297 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9569513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regular moderate physical activity positively affects health, fitness, and body composition; it regulates the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. Vitamin D plays an important regulatory role; its adequate levels correlate with low values of inflammation markers and an increase in muscle strength and fitness in exercising people. The study's aim was to evaluate changes in somatic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers, as well as blood calcidiol concentration in middle-aged healthy women after 12 weeks of aerobics classes—endurance exercises, including choreographic sequences, aiming to improve fitness and motor coordination. The training led to a significant reduction of body mass and fat tissue; it induced an increase in lean body mass. After the 12-week training program, plasma antioxidant status increased (0.65 ± 0.21, p < 0.01) and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products decreased (0.07 ± 0.02, p < 0.001). A significant increase in plasma antioxidant status associated with training could have reduced the level of proinflammatory interleukin as indicated by a positive correlation between these variables (rs = 0.64, p < 0.05). The study proved that a 12-week health training program in physically inactive middle-aged women might provide improvements in their anthropometric parameters and selected biochemical indicators.
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Gmiat A, Micielska K, Kozłowska M, Flis D, Smaruj M, Kujach S, Jaworska J, Lipińska P, Ziemann E. The impact of a single bout of high intensity circuit training on myokines' concentrations and cognitive functions in women of different age. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:290-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Park CH, Kwak YS. Analysis of energy restriction and physical activity on brain function: the role of ketone body and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:378-380. [PMID: 29114500 PMCID: PMC5667612 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735028.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development is a complex process, and stimuli during this development period may modulate the functional maturation of the brain. It has been shown that environmental stimuli, such as physical activity habits, have a beneficial effect on brain development. Endurance exercise and prolonged fasting state are known to improve brain function including cognition. The exact mechanisms of exercise improving brain function are still unknown. However, it can be considered that energy restriction and stressful challenge induced by long-lasting physical exercise might cause direct effect on brain function. Upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ketone body caused by exercise might be considered as the mechanism of exercise on brain function. In the present study, we discussed on two main topics: “exercise and BDNF” and “exercise and energy restriction.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Park
- Department of Marine Sports, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui Uinversity, Busan, Korea
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