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Pereira RRDS, Castro GBD, Magalhães CODE, Costa KB, Garcia BCC, Silva G, Carvalho JDCL, Machado ART, Vieira ER, Cassilhas RC, Pereira LJ, Dias-Peixoto MF, Andrade EF. High-intensity interval training mitigates the progression of periodontitis and improves behavioural aspects in rats. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1222-1235. [PMID: 38798054 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on periodontitis (PD) progression and behavioural outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: non-trained (NT); non-trained with PD; HIIT with PD; and HIIT. The HIIT protocol, involving daily treadmill sessions, spanned 8 weeks, with PD induced by ligature after the 6th week. Behavioural tests were conducted to assess anxiety and memory. Post euthanasia, we evaluated the systemic inflammatory profile and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus and amygdala. A morphological evaluation and elemental composition analysis of the mandibular alveolar bone were performed. RESULTS PD exacerbated alveolar bone level, bone surface damage and alterations in calcium and phosphorus percentages on the bone surface (p < .05), while HIIT attenuated these changes (p < .05). HIIT improved systemic inflammatory markers altered by PD (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-10, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-10 ratios, p < .05). PD animals exhibited lower total antioxidant capacity and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively (p < .05). HIIT maintained these parameters at levels similar to those in NT animals. HIIT improved anxiety and memory outcomes altered by PD (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS HIIT attenuates systemic inflammation, anxiety and memory outcomes promoted by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Bicalho de Castro
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Beatriz Costa
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Silva
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Etel Rocha Vieira
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Eric Francelino Andrade
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ferreira RO, Frazão DR, Ferreira MKM, Magno MB, Fagundes NCF, Rosing CK, Maia LC, Lima RR. Periodontal disease and sports performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:767-786. [PMID: 37497651 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2235048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between athletic performance and periodontal disease (PD). Observational studies published up to April 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). PECO statement focused on studies with professional athletes (Participants) with PD (Exposition) compared to those with healthy periodontium (Comparison) and its effects on sports performance (outcome). Searches were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (registration protocol: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7ADH6) and risk of bias evaluation according to the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. A total of 793 references were retrieved, of which eight were considered eligible. Two studies did not show an association between clinical PD parameters and performance. A meta-analysis with 396 participants suggested a relationship between PD and self-reported reduction in sports performance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.31; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) with moderate quality of evidence accordingly GRADE analysis. Despite the differences in performance evaluations between studies, PD was associated with reduced self-reported sports performance. Additional studies assessing confounding factors and objective assessment of PD and performance are needed to clarify the real effect of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railson Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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3
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Lei S, Khan I, Zhang X, Chen T, Xie X, Zheng X, Jianye Z, Li Z. Assessing oral and toothbrush microbial profiles among high-altitude individuals with and without periodontal disease: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:993. [PMID: 39182077 PMCID: PMC11344349 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is the sixth-most common disease worldwide. The oral microbiome composition and its association with Periodontal disease (PD) have been largely explored; however, limited studies have explored the microbial profiles of both oral and toothbrushes in patients with PD. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the oral and toothbrushes microbial composition in high-altitude populations, hypothesizing that their correlation with periodontal health would differ from those at lower altitudes, potentially indicating links between environmental factors, microbial colonization patterns, and periodontal health in distinct geographic contexts. METHODS In the present study, we enrolled 35 individuals including 21 healthy and 14 diagnosed with PD from the Lhasa region of Tibet, China. Saliva and toothbrush samples were collected from each participant to assess the association between toothbrush usage and oral microbiome with PD using 16 S rRNA gene-specific V3-V4 regions sequencing. To assess the oral and toothbrush microbiome composition and diversity and its possible link to PD. RESULTS Significantly higher Alpha diversity (Shannon index) was observed between the PD group and PD toothbrushes (p = 0.00021) and between the PD group and Healthy toothbrushes (p = 0.00041). The predominant species were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria, with genera Pseudomonas, Veillonella, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, and Haemophilus. In addition, PICRUST2 analysis unveiled 44 significant pathways differentiating the disease and healthy groups, along with 29 pathways showing significant differences between their respective toothbrush microbial profiles. The distinct oral and toothbrush microbial composition among high-altitude populations suggests potential adaptations to the challenges of high-altitude environments. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of tailored dental care strategies, accounting for altitude and racial factors, to effectively manage periodontal health in these communities. Further research is warranted to investigate the specific microbial mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for optimizing oral health in populations across varying altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Lei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Ikram Khan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- General Hospital of Xizang Military Region, Lhasa, 850007, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhou Jianye
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Northwest MINZU University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Gomes TC, Gomes Moura JL, Baia-da-Silva DC, Lima RR, Rodrigues PDA. Twenty-first century knowledge mapping on oral diseases and physical activity/exercise, trends, gaps, and future perspectives: a bibliometric review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1410923. [PMID: 39170688 PMCID: PMC11335734 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1410923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance and improvement of an individual's overall well-being require a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses everything from oral health care to regular physical exercise. The notion that poor oral health can influence general health and athletic performance has sparked an interest in this relationship. This study offers an overview of relevant research and a knowledge map,and discusses publication metrics and key topics concerning the relationship between physical activity or exercise and oral diseases. We searched the Web of Science database for articles published in the 21st century that addressed the relationship between physical activity and oral diseases. Under the stipulated inclusion criteria, a rigorous selection process yielded 276 from 3,883 retrieved articles. The articles were classified by what was assessed as follows: occurrence of oral diseases in athletes or sports enthusiasts (n = 174); impact of physical activity or exercise on the oral cavity (n = 59); effects of oral changes on sports performance and physical fitness (n = 31); and the connection between oral health status, physical activity or exercise, and systemic conditions (n = 12). Orofacial trauma has received the most attention among all investigated oral diseases. However, there is a need for greater attention of dysfunctional habits that can contribute to premature tooth wear, as well as oral inflammatory diseases that can have systemic implications. This mapping can encourage the development of new primary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Campos Gomes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Lucas Gomes Moura
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
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Seon JH, Kim NY, Kim JE, Choi CH, Chung KH. Oxidative balance scores in Korean adults are associated with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39022872 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a comprehensive metric that assesses the state of a person's oxidative balance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxidative balance score and moderate and severe periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults. METHODS Healthcare big data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) was used, and 16,489 adults aged ≥19 years were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of sex-specific oxidative balance scores on periodontitis. RESULTS In comparison with participants with a lower oxidative balance score, those with a higher oxidative balance score had a lower incidence of moderate and severe periodontitis (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, the oxidative balance score was negatively associated with moderate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.952; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.934-0.971) and severe (OR = 0.958; 95% CI: 0.931-0.986) periodontitis; however, the result was not significant for severe periodontitis in women's (OR = 0.975; 95% CI: 0.934-1.018). Our study showed a statistically significant association between OBS and moderate and severe periodontitis, the small effect size should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS The oxidative balance score was associated with moderate and severe periodontitis in Korean adults. Therefore, managing this score may help reduce the risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Seon
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeong Kim
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Ho Choi
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Chung
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira RDO, dos Santos VRN, Matos Sousa JM, Peinado BRR, Souza-Monteiro D, Bittencourt LO, Lima MLDS, Rösing CK, Mezzomo Collares F, Antunes de Araújo A, Lima RR. Physical training minimizes immunological dysfunction, oxidative stress and tissue destruction on experimental periodontitis in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303374. [PMID: 38843156 PMCID: PMC11156300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a moderate intensity physical training protocol, on alveolar bone morphology of rats submitted to ligature-induced periodontitis. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, considering the presence/absence of periodontitis and presence/absence of training. The training protocol was performed on a treadmill, 30 min/day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. In the experimental periodontal breakdown, with/without training, ligatures were placed on the lower first molars on the 14th day of the experiment, and were followed until the end of the protocol. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and samples of plasma and mandibles were collected for immunoenzymatic evaluation of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10, evaluation of serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, analysis of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione, histological and microtomographic analyses were performed. Physical training resulted in a reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α C-reactive protein and LPO and an increase in the levels of IL-10 in rats with periodontitis (p<0.05); a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate and decreased fiber degradation was identified in histological analysis. Additionally, it was shown a decrease in vertical bone loss and an increase in the bone volume/trabecular volume ratio was identified in periodontitis+physical training group (p<0.05). Based on the results, the practice of frequent physical exercise, at moderate intensity, can contribute to the reduction of damage related to the disproportionate inflammatory response in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ruan Neves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Mário Matos Sousa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Deiweson Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura de Sousa Lima
- Postgraduate program in Oral Science / Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Postgraduate program in Oral Science / Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Fu H, Zhang D, Li Y. NHANES-based analysis of the correlation between leisure-time physical activity, serum cotinine levels and periodontitis risk. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:466. [PMID: 38632582 PMCID: PMC11022427 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of leisure-time physical activity and serum cotinine levels with the risk of periodontitis in the general population and to further analyze the interaction between leisure-time physical activity and serum cotinine levels on the risk of periodontitis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, extracting data from 9605 (56.19%) participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2014, and analyzing the relationship and interaction effects of serum cotinine level, leisure time physical activity, and risk of periodontitis by weighted univariate logistic modeling; Effect sizes were determined using ratio of ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS 5,397 (56.19%) of 9,605 participants had periodontitis; an increased risk of periodontitis was found in those in the leisure time physical activity intensity < 750 MET × min/week group (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.17-1.78). Serum cotinine levels ≥ 0.05 ng/ml were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.69-2.33). The group with low leisure physical activity and serum cotinine levels ≥ 0.05 ng/ml had an increased risk of periodontitis compared to the group with high leisure physical activity and serum cotinine levels < 0.05 ng/ml (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.88-3.27). Interaction metrics RERI = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.44-1.36) and API = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18-0.55); CI for SI = 2.55 (95% CI: 1.03-6.28). for API 0.36. CONCLUSION Leisure time physical activity intensity interacted with smoking exposure on periodontitis risk and may provide the general population with the opportunity to Increasing leisure-time physical activity and smoking cessation may provide recommendations for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fu
- Shangyu people's Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, 312300, China.
| | - Diya Zhang
- Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yining Li
- Zhejiang University Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Lu S, Gao G. Association Between `Life's Essential 8` and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study From the NHANES Database. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00097-2. [PMID: 38622031 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the persistent inflammatory state it confers may lead to cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that `Life's Essential 8 (LE8)`, an indicator of cardiovascular health, was associated with the risk of several inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between LE8 and its subsets and the risk of periodontitis. METHODS Data of participants who consented to periodontitis examinations were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database (2009-2014). LE8 contains 4 health behaviours (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health) and 4 health factors (body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure) and was categorised into low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100) levels. Covariates included demographic information, laboratory values, disease history, and medication history. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between LE8 and periodontitis, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) history were further assessed the association. RESULTS A total of 5106 adults were included, of whom 2606 (51.04%) had periodontitis. After adjustment for age, gender, race, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, marital status, drinking, CVD, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, waist circumference (WC), vitamin D, and dental floss using, a high LE8 score (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.73), a higher health behaviours score (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.73), and a higher health factors score (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99) were associated with a lower occurrence of periodontitis, especially in adults who were male, younger than 60 years, and without a history of CVD. Moreover, the occurrence of periodontitis decreased when scores of total LE8, health factors, and health behaviours increased every 10 scores. CONCLUSIONS LE8 score and its subscale scores were associated with lower odds of periodontitis. Promoting improved cardiovascular health may be beneficial to reduce the burden of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Shandong, China
| | - Guoning Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Shandong, China.
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Ferreira RDO, Pereira MS, Souza-Monteiro D, Frazão DR, de Moura JDM, Baia-da-Silva DC, Bittencourt LO, Balbinot GDS, Collares FM, Lima MLDS, de Araújo AA, Lima RR. Physical training attenuates systemic cytokine response and tissue damage triggered by apical periodontitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8030. [PMID: 38580668 PMCID: PMC10997662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a condition characterized by inflammatory and infectious components in the tooth canal. AP affects periradicular tissues and has systemic repercussions. Physical exercise is a structured activity that requires cardiorespiratory function, and can modulate the inflammatory profile in pathological conditions. As a result, this study aimed to determine the effects of aerobic physical training (PT) on the alveolar bone with and without AP, and its systemic inflammatory repercussions. AP was induced in the mandibular first molars, and PT was performed on a treadmill for five consecutive days over four weeks, with progressive increases in speed and activity time. Blood samples were collected to determine serum cytokine levels using immunoassays, and alveolar bone samples were collected for histopathological evaluation, lesion volume and microarchitecture assessment using computed microtomography. Animals with AP had increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels compared to those without AP; however, these levels were attenuated or restored by PT. Compared to the AP group, the AP + PT group had a smaller lesion volume and greater preservation of the bone trabeculae in the remaining alveolar bone surrounding the lesion. In overall, PT minimized the severity of AP proving to be a valid strategy for individuals undergoing endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Matheus Soares Pereira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deiweson Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - João Daniel Mendonça de Moura
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura de Souza Lima
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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10
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Qu H, Zhang S. Association of cardiovascular health and periodontitis: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:438. [PMID: 38347510 PMCID: PMC10860246 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis. This study utilized the Life Essentials 8 (LE8) score, a composite measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), to elucidate the relationship between CVH and periodontitis. METHODS Data from 8,649 nationally representative participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. The independent variable in our study was the CVH score (a higher CVH score indicates better cardiovascular health), and the dependent variable was the presence or absence of periodontitis. The association between CVH and periodontitis was investigated using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS). We controlled for potential confounders such as age, sex, race, education, and socioeconomic status to minimize bias. RESULTS There was a negative association between the total CVH score and the odds of periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, a 10-point increase in total CVH score was associated with a 10% lower in the odds of periodontitis [0.90 (0.87, 0.93)]. Participants with a higher CVH had 40% lower odds of periodontitis compared with those with a lower CVH. Socioeconomic status (education and income) modified this association (P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that better cardiovascular health, as indicated by higher CVH scores, is associated with a reduced likelihood of periodontitis among US adults. The relationship between CVH and periodontitis appears to be influenced by socioeconomic status, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in populations with lower socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, China.
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Tsai KZ, Huang CM, Wang HS, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Does the guideline-based physical activity level for cardiovascular health also benefit periodontal health? J Dent Sci 2024; 19:46-50. [PMID: 38303861 PMCID: PMC10829664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/purpose It is unclear about whether the guideline-based physical activity (PA) level for cardiovascular health also benefits periodontal health. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association between guideline-based PA levels and periodontitis in young adults. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study which included 334 military participants, aged 18-44 years in Taiwan. The PA level was assessed by total running time per week (wk) in the past 6 months from a self-reported questionnaire, and was classified as moderate intensity PA <150, 150-299, and ≥300 min/wk according to the American guideline for cardiovascular health. Periodontitis was defined based on the 2017 World Workshop. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association with adjustment for age, sex, educational level, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and teeth brushing frequency. Results As compared to the PA: 150-299 min/wk, the PA <150 min/wk was associated with a greater possibility of periodontitis (odds ratio (OR): 2.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-4.82), whereas the PA ≥300 min/wk was not associated with periodontitis (OR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.13-1.09)) in young adults. Conclusion The guideline-based moderate intensity PA level ≥150 min/wk is found to have superior periodontal health in young adults. However, there is no additional benefit in more exercise time to obtain better periodontal health when the suggested PA level has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jo YR, Park YK, Lim HS. Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated with the Risk of Tooth Loss, Chewing Difficulty, and Undernutrition among Older Korean Women: Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2015. Nutrients 2023; 15:5024. [PMID: 38140283 PMCID: PMC10745866 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether older Korean women with prolonged breastfeeding duration have an increased risk of tooth loss, chewing difficulty, or undernutrition, as well as whether tooth loss and chewing difficulty mediate the association between breastfeeding duration and undernutrition risk. This study included 1666 women aged ≥65 years from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who breastfed after delivery. The number of teeth and chewing ability were investigated based on the status of individual teeth and a self-report questionnaire, respectively. Dietary intake was estimated using the 24 h recall method. Compared with women who breastfed for 1-18 months, the odds ratios for tooth loss were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-1.94), 1.79 (95% CI = 1.08-2.94), and 1.86 (95% CI = 1.16-2.97) among women who breastfed for 19-36, 37-72, and ≥73 months, respectively (p for trend = 0.004). Similar results were obtained for chewing difficulty and undernutrition. Furthermore, tooth loss and chewing difficulty partially mediated the association between breastfeeding duration and undernutrition risk. In conclusion, older Korean women who breastfed for longer periods are more likely to experience tooth loss, chewing difficulty, and undernutrition, which are particularly severe among women who breastfed for ≥37 months. The association between breastfeeding duration and undernutrition risk is mediated by tooth loss and chewing difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Rang Jo
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Ding M, Ding H, Qian Y, Hu J, Song J, Chen Z. Understanding the consequences of leisure sedentary behavior on periodontitis: A two-step, multivariate Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23118. [PMID: 38144271 PMCID: PMC10746448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) and periodontitis risk remains unclear in terms of causality and the potential mediating effects of intermediate factors. Materials and methods Using the aggregate data of several large-scale genetic association studies from participants of European descent, we conducted a univariate, two-step, and multivariate Mendelian random (MR) analysis to infer the overall effect of LSB on periodontitis, and quantified the intermediary proportion of intermediary traits such as smoking. Results Our findings indicated that per 1-SD increase (1.87 h) in leisure screen time (LST), there was a 23 % increase in the risk of periodontitis. [odds ratios (95 % CI) = 1.23 (1.04-1.44), p = 0.013]. Smoking was found to partially mediate the overall causal effect of LST on periodontitis, with a mediation rate of 20.7 % (95 % CI: 4.9%-35.5 %). Multivariate MR analysis demonstrated that the causal effect of LST on periodontitis was weakened when adjusting for smoking, resulting in an odds ratio of 1.19 (95 % CI: 1.01-1.39, p = 0.049) for each 1 standard deviation increase in exposure. Conclusion The study provides evidence of a potential causal relationship between LSB characterized by LST and periodontitis, thereby further supporting the notion that reducing LSB is beneficial for health. Furthermore, it confirms the role of smoking as a mediator in this process, suggesting that inhibiting smoking behavior among individuals with long-term LSB may serve as a strategy to mitigate the risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Ding
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yuyan Qian
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiaxing Hu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Alves-Costa S, Leite FRM, Ladeira LLC, Lima-Soares F, de Andrade Paes AM, de Souza BF, Nascimento GG, Ribeiro CCC. Behavioral and metabolic risk factors associated with periodontitis in Brazil, 1990-2019: a multidimensional analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7909-7917. [PMID: 38008803 PMCID: PMC10713794 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is a non-communicable disease (NCD) that may be linked to other NCDs through shared risk factors. Accordingly, we analyzed the relationship between periodontitis and behavioral and metabolic risks common to NCDs in Brazilian adults over three decades. METHODS Indicators of periodontitis, behavioral risks (smoking, alcohol use, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and physical activity), and metabolic risks (overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension) in Brazilian adults (25-49 y-old) between 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Data were adjusted for Gini index. Fixed-effects and Prais-Winsten regressions were performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of periodontitis has increased among Brazilians since 2005. High-SSB diet, alcohol use, and metabolic risks increased between 1990-2019, whereas smoking decreased. In crude models, periodontitis prevalence increased with alcohol use (2545.1; 95%CI: 2307.9-2782.3), high-SSB diet (365.5; 95%CI: 322.5-408.4), low physical activity (1784.4; 95%CI: 763.7-2805.0), overweight/obesity (172.3; 95%CI: 156.3-188.4), dyslipidemia (734.5; 95%CI: 624.7-844.2), and hyperglycemia (1774.3; 95%CI: 1555.9-1992.7). After adjustment for the Gini index, periodontitis prevalence raised with a high-SBB diet (1416.0; 95%CI: 1120.2-1711.8), overweight/obesity (629.9; 95%CI: 573.1-686.8), dyslipidemia (2035.8; 95%CI: 1728.1-2343.5), and hyperglycemia (8918.1; 95%CI: 7979.8-9856.3). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis has increased in Brazil since 2005, despite the smoking reduction. Sugar-sweetened beverage was the behavioral risk that mostly accompanied the periodontal trend. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results support upstream strategies targeting commercial, social, political, and structural determinants to tackle NCDs and reduce oral health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Alves-Costa
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oral Health ACP, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Fernanda Lima-Soares
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Feres de Souza
- Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Oral Health ACP, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Avenue, 168938, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Cao R, Qiu P, Zhou Y, Dong B, Han Y, Fan Z. The underlying relationship between exercise and the prevalence of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:161. [PMID: 38012769 PMCID: PMC10683191 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exercise has been proposed as an effective intervention for various lifestyle-related diseases and pathological scenarios, few researches assessed the impact of taking exercise on the prevalence of periodontitis. PURPOSE This study aimed to perform a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis from both observational and intervention studies to explore the relationship between exercise and periodontitis and to provide references for future intervention programs aimed at preventing periodontitis. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for peer-reviewed studies published in English From January 1993 to January 2023 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected if subjects were human and studies evaluating the association between exercise and periodontitis. RESULTS 4098 references were retrieved. After screening the results, 30 studies were selected. Of these, 20 studies indicated an inverse association between exercise and periodontitis, while the remaining 10 did not reach conclusive findings. The meta-analysis demonstrated a risk ratio of 0.84 (95%CI: 0.77, 0.91) between the active group and the inactive group (P < 0.01), which indicated an inverse relationship between exercise and periodontitis. CONCLUSION Overall, the increase in exercise presents an inverse association with the presence and severity of periodontitis. Accordingly, taking exercise might be a potential approach that contributes to improvements in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Cao
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Piaopiao Qiu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yucheng Han
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, Middle Yanchang Rd, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Chan CCK, Chan AKY, Chu CH, Tsang YC. Physical activity as a modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1266462. [PMID: 38024148 PMCID: PMC10679732 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1266462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which contribute significantly to global morbidity, are largely preventable through behavioral changes. As with other NCDs, periodontitis is associated with modifiable risk factors such as smoking and stress and is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes through a shared pathway of chronic systemic inflammation. While the health benefits of physical activity have been widely promoted in public health and extensively studied for other systemic conditions, its impact on periodontal health has only recently started to gain attention. This article critically evaluates the current literature on the relationship between physical activity and periodontitis. While cross-sectional studies have shown an inverse association between physical activity levels and periodontitis risk in the general population, clinical oral health surveys of elite athletes with high levels of physical activity have nonetheless revealed poor periodontal conditions. Although causality has not been determined, physical activity could positively impact periodontitis directly, by reducing inflammatory biomarkers, and indirectly, through its modulatory effects on insulin sensitivity, obesity, bone density, stress, and other health promoting behaviors. Given the importance of risk factor control during initial periodontal therapy, understanding the role of physical activity as a potential behavioral risk modifier is paramount. The findings of this review provide an evidence-based overview of how physical activity could influence periodontitis. There is a need for longitudinal cohort studies to verify the temporality of the reported associations and exclude confounders, while interventions are needed to assess the efficacy of physical activity on periodontal treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yiu Cheung Tsang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Pu R, Fu M, Yang G, Jiang Z. The association of work physical activity and recreational physical activity with periodontitis in the NHANES (2009-2014). J Periodontol 2023; 94:1220-1230. [PMID: 37074222 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between different types and intensity of physical activities (PA) and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. METHODS The data of periodontal condition and PA of 10,714 individuals were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014 and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between the prevalence of periodontitis and two PAs (work PA and recreational PA) was respectively analyzed and adjusted by uni- and multi-variable logistic regression models. The odd ratios (ORs), adjusted odd ratios (ORad ), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated as the main outcome indicators. RESULTS After adjusted by age, sex, race, poverty-income ratio (PIR), diabetes, smoking status, alcohol use, and floss frequency, moderate and vigorous work PAs were significantly correlated with higher odds of periodontitis (ORad = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.46; ORad = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04-1.89, respectively) while moderate and vigorous recreational PAs were correlated with lower odds of periodontitis (ORad = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.95; ORad = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.43-0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Work PAs and recreational PAs have opposite associations on the prevalence of developing periodontitis and their aggravating or protective associations enhance with the increase of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Baumeister SE, Reckelkamm SL, Ehmke B, Nolde M, Baurecht H. Physical activity and the risk of periodontitis: an instrumental variable study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4803-4808. [PMID: 37310512 PMCID: PMC10415453 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies suggested an inverse association between physical activity and periodontitis. However, observational studies might be subject to unobserved confounding and reverse causation bias. We conducted an instrumental variable study to strengthen the evidence on the relationship between physical activity and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used genetic variants associated with self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in 377,234 and 91,084 UK Biobank participants, respectively, as instruments. For these instruments, genetic associations with periodontitis were obtained from 17,353 cases and 28,210 controls in the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium. RESULTS We found no evidence for effects of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, self-reported vigorous physical activity, accelerometry "average accelerations," and "fraction of accelerations > 425 milli-gravities" on periodontitis. For example, the odds ratio for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 1.07 (95% credible interval: 0.87; 1.34) in Causal Analysis using Summary Effect Estimates. We conducted sensitivity analyses to rule out weak instrument bias and correlated horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS The study does not support an effect of physical activity on the risk of periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides little evidence that recommending physical activity would help prevent periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian-Edgar Baumeister
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lars Reckelkamm
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ehmke
- Clinic for Periodontology and Conservative Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Nolde
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Anjos SDD, Ferro RM, Laskawski BN, Haas AN, Prates RC, Steffens JP. Associations between physical activity domains and oral health: an analysis of a Brazilian population-based study. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e071. [PMID: 37436294 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity comprises four domains (leisure, transportation, domestic, and work activities) that may be differently associated with oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between each physical activity domain and oral health conditions in Brazilian adults. A total of 38,539 participants in the 2019 Brazilian Health Survey aged 30 years or older were analyzed. The outcomes were self-perceived oral health (dichotomous) and self-reported number of missing teeth (counts). The presence, frequency, and time of activity in each domain and their combination were analyzed as main exposures. Odds ratios (OR) and mean ratios (MR) were estimated by fitting multivariable models. Higher leisure time physical activity was the only domain associated with better self-perception of oral health (OR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.26-1.38) and lower tooth loss (MR=0.88; 95%CI 0.86-0.90). Higher levels of work, transportation, and household activities were significantly associated with worse self-perception of oral health, while higher levels of work- and transportation-related physical activities were also associated with greater tooth loss. When the total recommended weekly physical activity time was analyzed, no significant associations were found. Sensitivity analysis suggested that this pattern persists in potential periodontitis-related cases, such as when selecting older age or excluding individuals with no tooth loss. In conclusion, leisure physical activity was the only domain with the potential of reflecting the benefits of physical activity on oral health. The inclusion of other domains can confound this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Milani Ferro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Novak Laskawski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre-RS-Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Coelho Prates
- Universidade da Região de Joinville-Univille, Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Steffens
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Choi SW, Sreeja SR, Le TD, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Kim MK. Association between inflammatory potential of diet and periodontitis disease risks: Results from a Korean population-based cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:952-963. [PMID: 37085969 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between a pro-inflammatory diet, estimated using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII), and the risk of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study subjects from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Health Examinee (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included for cross-sectional analysis (n = 168,378) using multivariate logistic regression and prospective analysis (n = 160,397) using Cox proportional hazard models respectively. DII and E-DII scores were calculated based on the intake reported on a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). RESULTS Cox proportional hazard models revealed a significantly increased risk of incident periodontitis in individuals consuming high E-DII (more pro-inflammatory) diets in the total population (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13-1.48; ptrend <.001) and in both men (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.73; ptrend = 0.02) and women (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08-1.50; ptrend = .002). The association remained significant even after excluding cases diagnosed early in the follow-up. In the cross-sectional analysis, a significant association was observed between the E-DII score and the prevalence of periodontitis among all study subjects (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03-1.34; ptrend = 0.01) and men (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.01-1.63; ptrend <.001); however, the association did not reach statistical significance in women (ORquartile4vs1 = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.96-1.33; ptrend <.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study support the hypothesis that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential increase the risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Weon Choi
- Oral Oncology Clinic, Research Institute, and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sundara Raj Sreeja
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Trong-Dat Le
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
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21
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Grant WB, van Amerongen BM, Boucher BJ. Periodontal Disease and Other Adverse Health Outcomes Share Risk Factors, including Dietary Factors and Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:2787. [PMID: 37375691 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly a century, researchers have associated periodontal disease (PD) with risks of other adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Those findings have led to the hypothesis that PD causes those adverse health outcomes either by increasing systemic inflammation or by the action of periodontopathic bacteria. However, experiments largely failed to support that hypothesis. Instead, the association is casual, not causal, and is due to shared underlying modifiable risk factors, including smoking, diet, obesity, low levels of physical activity, and low vitamin D status. Diabetes mellitus is also considered a risk factor for PD, whereas red and processed meat are the most important dietary risk factors for diabetes. Because PD generally develops before other adverse health outcomes, a diagnosis of PD can alert patients that they could reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes with lifestyle changes. In addition, type 2 diabetes mellitus can often be reversed rapidly by adopting an anti-inflammatory, nonhyperinsulinemic diet that emphasizes healthful, whole plant-based foods. This review describes the evidence that proinflammatory and prohyperinsulinemia diets and low vitamin D status are important risk factors for PD and other adverse health outcomes. We also make recommendations regarding dietary patterns, food groups, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Oral health professionals should routinely inform patients with PD that they could reduce their risk of severe PD as well as the risks of many other adverse health outcomes by making appropriate lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | | | - Barbara J Boucher
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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22
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Iwasaki M, Yoshihara A, Suwama K, Zaitsu T, Suzuki S, Ihira H, Sawada N, Aida J. A cross-sectional study of the association between periodontitis and physical activity in the Japanese population. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:350-359. [PMID: 36642784 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether physical activity (PA) is associated with periodontitis in the Japanese population. BACKGROUND The potential association between PA and periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated in the Japanese population. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next-Generation Oral Health Study. Periodontitis was determined by a full-mouth periodontal examination. PA was assessed using a validated questionnaire. We performed multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to assess the association of total PA (the first quintile was set as the reference category) with periodontitis (three categories: no/mild, moderate, and severe), stratified by sex. The associations of periodontitis with domain- and intensity-specific PA were also studied in separate logistic regression models. RESULTS This study included 2160 Japanese adults [1414 women and 746 men; mean (standard deviation) age 58.1 (9.6) years]. After adjusting for potential confounders, total PA was inversely associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis in women. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for periodontitis in the second to fifth quintiles (compared with the first quintile) of total PA were 0.81 (0.59-1.12), 0.74 (0.53-1.02), 0.77 (0.55-1.06), and 0.64 (0.46-0.89), respectively (p for trend = .01). We did not find different results when we further investigated the associations of periodontitis with domain- and intensity-specific PA. By contrast, PA was not associated with periodontitis in men. CONCLUSION Total PA had an inverse, linear association with the presence and severity of periodontitis in Japanese women but not in Japanese men. Further prospective studies are required to determine the association between PA and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kana Suwama
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Suzuki
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ihira
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Schulze A, Busse M. Long-term training improves clinical signs of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:478-484. [PMID: 36321814 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is related to diabetes mellitus. Periodontal disease may be considered a local manifestation of systemic inflammation in association with diabetes mellitus. Physical activity may have a positive effect on inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of exercise training on periodontal inflammation in diabetic patients. METHODS Out of 69 diabetic patients with periodontitis, 40 subjects participated in a recreational training, while 29 subjects performed no training. All underwent a periodontal examination before and after 6.14±1.24 months and completed a dental hygiene questionnaire. RESULTS In the long-term training group the following parameters decreased: hemoglobin A1c from 6.7±1.0% to 6.3±0.7% (P<0.007), papillary bleeding score 3 by 60% (P<0.0003), and the mean of all probing pocket depths 4 - 6 mm by 40% (P<0.0001). No significant weight changes and no improvements in oral health behavior were observed in either of the groups. No correlation between hemoglobin A1c or weight and periodontal parameters was found. CONCLUSIONS A six-months recreational training was independently related to improved clinical signs of periodontal disease in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- Department of Sports Dentistry, Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany -
| | - Martin Busse
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Marruganti C, Baima G, Grandini S, Graziani F, Aimetti M, Sanz M, Romandini M. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity demonstrate divergent associations with periodontitis: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:559-570. [PMID: 36592958 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between leisure-time/occupational physical activity (LTPA/OPA) and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. POPULATION MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 10,679 adults were retrieved from NHANES 2009-2014 database. Physical activity was assessed through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and accordingly, subjects were classified as performing either high or low LTPA/OPA. Periodontal status was assessed through a full-mouth periodontal examination, and subjects were classified according to the AAP/CDC criteria (no, mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis). Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied to study the association between LTPA/OPA and periodontitis/severe periodontitis. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses identified high LTPA as a protective indicator for periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.92), while high OPA was found to be a significant risk indicator (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.30). The combination low LTPA/high OPA showed a cumulative independent association with periodontitis (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26-1.72). Moreover, both high LTPA (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58-0.90) and high OPA (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.09-1.53) were significantly associated with stronger estimates of severe periodontitis; the same was observed for the combination of low LTPA/high OPA (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.29-2.15). CONCLUSIONS LTPA and OPA showed divergent associations with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Romandini
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Merle CL, Wuestenfeld JC, Fenkse F, Wolfarth B, Haak R, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. The Significance of Oral Inflammation in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review. Sports Med Int Open 2022; 6:E69-E79. [PMID: 36643596 PMCID: PMC9839431 DOI: 10.1055/a-1964-8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes' performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, apical periodontitis), and their prevalence in athletes. Both the impact of oral inflammation on performance and causes for oral inflammation in athletes are discussed by presenting current literature. Finally, international recommendations for dental care in sports are presented. Several studies stated a high prevalence of oral inflammation in athletes, especially of gingivitis (58-97%) and periodontitis (41%). Also, many athletes report oral pain (17-30%) and a negative impact of oral health on training (3-9%). Besides this, a systemic impact of oral inflammation is discussed: In periodontitis patients, blood parameters and physical fitness are changed. In athletes, associations between muscle injuries and poor oral health are reported. There are deficits in oral health behavior. Furthermore, systemic changes due to physical stress could influence oral tissues. Overall, complex bidirectional interactions between competitive sports and oral inflammation are possible. Regular dental examinations and prevention strategies should be implemented in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Leonie Merle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Wuestenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Fenkse
- Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Feng AC, Tsai SC, Lin YP, Tsai KZ, Lin GM. Erythrocyte indices and localized stage II/III periodontitis in military young men and women: CHIEF oral health study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:404. [PMID: 36115999 PMCID: PMC9482174 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have shown an association between generalized periodontitis and anemia in older or undernourished adults. The aim of the study was to examine the associations of erythrocyte indices with localized periodontitis in robust young adults, which has never been reported before. Methods The study included 1286 military participants, aged 19–40 years, with regular exercise training in Hualien, Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was grouped to healthy/stage I and stage II/III (n = 803 and 325) in men and (n = 130 and 28) in women according to the 2017 criteria of the world workshop. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by leukocyte counts. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, tobacco smoking status, betel nut chewing status, body mass index and leucocyte counts were used to determine the associations. Results Greater mean corpuscular volume in young men [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals 1.03 (1.01–1.06)], and greater hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in young women were associated with a higher risk of localized stage II/III periodontitis [OR: 1.17 (1.02–1.34) and 1.60 (1.06–2.41), respectively]. However, there were no associations for erythrocyte counts. Conclusions The localized stage II/III periodontitis risk increased with greater erythrocyte indices in robust young adults. This finding could be explained in part by that localized periodontitis may promote physical stress, possibly resulting in an increase of erythrocyte indices. On the other side, greater physical fitness associated with a lower risk of periodontitis may consume iron storage in the body, leading to exercise-induced anemia or smaller erythrocyte volume. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02455-0.
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27
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Alghamdi SA, Aljohar A, Almulhim B, Alassaf A, Bhardwaj SS, Thomas JT, Almalki A, Aljuaid AO, Mallineni SK. Correlation between BMI and Oral Health Status (DMFT, PI, mSBI, and Salivary 1,5-AG) among the Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Clinico-Biochemical Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071017. [PMID: 35884001 PMCID: PMC9316969 DOI: 10.3390/children9071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association of varying body mass index (BMI) with oral health status among children aged 5−14 years and correlate the concentration of salivary levels of 1,5-AG with varying BMI, dental caries, and periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 5 to 14 years. The children were recruited from the Pediatric Dental Clinic, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, by convenient sampling method. Sociodemographic details and clinical parameters, including body mass index (BMI), DMFT/def (deciduous decayed tooth (d), deciduous extracted tooth (e), deciduous filled tooth (f), permanent tooth decayed (D), permanent missing tooth (M), and permanent filled tooth (F)), plaque index (PI), and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), were evaluated. Salivary 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for all the subjects. Statistical analyses performed using SPSS v. 27 (IBM Statistics, Chicago, IL, USA) and the Kruskal−Wallis and chi-square tests were used for comparisons. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between the study subjects’ independent variables, BMI, and caries activity. The mean def score, PI, and mSBI scores were higher in obese children. PI score, mSBI score, and salivary concentrations of 1,5-AG between the BMI categories were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The study emphasizes promoting preventive oral health regimes, health awareness campaigns, and nutritional educational programs among the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayid Alghamdi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.A.); (S.K.M.); Tel.: +966-5077-80161 (S.K.M.)
| | - Aziza Aljohar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Faisal Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basim Almulhim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alassaf
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Smita Singh Bhardwaj
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.A.); (S.K.M.); Tel.: +966-5077-80161 (S.K.M.)
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Almohamad M, Krall Kaye E, Mofleh D, Spartano NL. The association of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with periodontal disease in NHANES 2011-2012. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:758-767. [PMID: 35634657 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral pathologies and a major chronic disease worldwide. Lifestyle habits such as poor nutrition and smoking have been established to contribute to the development of periodontal disease, but limited research has investigated whether physical activity and sedentary lifestyle play a role. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a nationally representative data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. We examined the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour and periodontal disease using multivariable logistic regression models and reported odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Individuals with higher total physical activity, higher leisure time physical activity, and lower amount of total sedentary behaviour had lower periodontal disease prevalence. Adjusted multivariable regression models showed that higher sedentary behaviour (more than 7.5 h/day) was associated with higher odds of periodontal disease (OR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.36; p = .045). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that higher sedentary behaviour is associated with higher odds of periodontal disease. Future prospective longitudinal studies and strategies are needed to investigate implications further and define the magnitude of the association between physical activity and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Almohamad
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Krall Kaye
- Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dania Mofleh
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Cardiovascular Diseases and Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:261-280. [PMID: 35612803 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting connective tissue and alveolar bone that is initiated by a bacterial biofilm in periodontal pockets. It affects about half of adults in the Western world, and is associated with a range of systemic comorbidities, e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and these diseases share overlapping systemic and target tissue inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, mounting evidence has indicated that their association is causal and built on the presence of systemic low-grade inflammation (LGI). Prior research linking periodontitis to CVD has mainly been derived from experimental studies, observational data, and small interventional trials with surrogate markers of CVD, e.g., endothelial dysfunction. However, recent data from randomised studies have demonstrated that intensive treatment of periodontitis can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension in conjunction with reduction of systemic inflammatory markers. Furthermore, targeted anti-inflammatory therapy has been shown to reduce recurrent events in patients with established CVD and LGI. Along this line, the concept of residual inflammatory risk has emerged as an independent new risk factor for atherothrombotic CVD. The present review summarizes translational evidence indicating that periodontitis is a risk factor for CVD dependent on LGI, and we conclude that treatment of periodontitis is likely to contribute importantly to reduction of residual inflammatory risk.
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30
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Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Alt KW. On the Pathogenicity of the Oral Biofilm: A Critical Review from a Biological, Evolutionary, and Nutritional Point of View. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102174. [PMID: 35631315 PMCID: PMC9144701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque control is one of the most recommended approaches in the prevention and therapy of caries and periodontal diseases. However, although most individuals in industrialized countries already perform daily oral hygiene, caries and periodontal diseases still are the most common diseases of mankind. This raises the question of whether plaque control is really a causative and effective approach to the prevention of these diseases. From an evolutionary, biological, and nutritional perspective, dental biofilms have to be considered a natural phenomenon, whereas several changes in human lifestyle factors during modern evolution are not “natural”. These lifestyle factors include the modern “Western diet” (rich in sugar and saturated fats and low in micronutrients), smoking, sedentary behavior, and continuous stress. This review hypothesizes that not plaque itself but rather these modern, unnatural lifestyle factors are the real causes of the high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases besides several other non-communicable diseases. Accordingly, applying evolutionary and lifestyle medicine in dentistry would offer a causative approach against oral and common diseases, which would not be possible with oral hygiene approaches used on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
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Shin HS, Hong MH, Moon JY, Sim SJ. Periodontal disease could be a potential risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An 11-year retrospective follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5503-5514. [PMID: 35556175 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association of periodontal disease with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective follow-up study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort was performed from 2002 to 2015 in the Korean population. A total of 165,032 subjects were followed up for incident NAFLD during 11 years. Periodontal disease and NAFLD were defined by a diagnosis using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. Periodontal status was used as the severity of periodontal status and the number of dental visit due to PD. RESULTS Periodontitis was associated with a 4% increase in risk for NAFLD after adjusting for socio-demographic factor, health behaviors, and systemic diseases (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.07). Between the number of dental visit due to PD and the risk for NAFLD was observed a dose-effect association (aHR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.05 for once; aHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15 for two times; aHR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.24 for three times). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed that periodontitis showed an association with a higher incidence of NAFLD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prevention and management of periodontal disease could be beneficial for reducing the risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Shin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, (31065) 1 Baekseokdehak-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Big Data Statistics Institute, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Hong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, (31065) 1 Baekseokdehak-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Ja-Young Moon
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, (03722) 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Ju Sim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, (31065) 1 Baekseokdehak-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Big Data Statistics Institute, Cheonan, South Korea
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Bertolini NO, Pereira GJ, Silva VO, de Molon RS, Morari J, Velloso LA, Andrade EF, Pereira LJ, Moura RF. Voluntary physical activity mitigates alveolar bone loss in mice with ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 140:105451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hwang SY, Jang JH, Park JE. Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073871. [PMID: 35409556 PMCID: PMC8998121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle (HLS; i.e., diet quality, physical activity, normal weight) and periodontal diseases in Korean adults. Studying this association may help inform future intervention programs aimed at preventing the development of periodontal diseases. Raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were used. Data from 12,689 adults aged 19 years and over who had a periodontal examination were analyzed. The associations between HLS and periodontal diseases were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for demographic and health factors as covariates. We found that each of the HLS (diet quality, physical activity, normal body weight) practices was significantly associated with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40, respectively). In particular, having poor HLS practices was identified as a risk factor for periodontal diseases (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10–2.15). HLS was associated with periodontal diseases. Thus, in addition to improving oral hygiene—the primary focus in the past—improving HLS should be emphasized for patients with periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medical Science, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Jang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
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Bond JC, McDonough R, Alshihayb TS, Kaye EA, Garcia RI, Heaton B. Edentulism is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in adult men. J Am Dent Assoc 2022; 153:625-634.e3. [PMID: 35241269 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior reports of positive associations between edentulism and all-cause mortality have been limited by onetime assessments of edentulism and inadequate control of known confounding variables. The authors aimed to assess the association between edentulism and mortality using a longitudinal clinical oral health cohort. METHODS The authors used data from the Department of Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study, an ongoing, closed-panel cohort study from 1968 through 2019 (N = 1,229). Dentition status was evaluated through triennial clinical examinations. Mortality was assessed via the National Death Registry. The authors used Cox regression models to estimate the association between edentulism and all-cause mortality after covariate adjustment. Furthermore, the authors calculated propensity scores and assessed hazard ratios (HRs) in a trimmed, matched, and inverse probability weighted sample. RESULTS Participants who were edentulous (N = 112) had 1.24 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.55) times the hazard of all-cause mortality compared with those who were nonedentulous, after adjustment with time-varying covariates. Use of propensity scores in the model resulted in slightly elevated HRs compared with the standard Cox model, regardless of propensity score method; adjusted HRs were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80) after matching, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.59) after trimming, and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.42) after inverse probability weighting. CONCLUSIONS Edentulism was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in a cohort that captured incident edentulism. This association was consistent after multiple methods to account for confounding. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings of this study suggest that edentulism is associated with an increase in risk of mortality, after accounting for salient confounding variables using multiple approaches. Efforts to improve equitable access to tooth-preserving treatments are critical.
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Marruganti C, Traversi J, Gaeta C, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Grandini S. Adherence to mediterranean diet, physical activity level and severity of periodontitis. Results from a University-based cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1218-1232. [PMID: 35119695 PMCID: PMC9544461 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate the association between adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Physical Activity (PA) level with the periodontal status of a University-based cohort of individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS 235 individuals were included in the study. MD adherence and PA level were registered through validated questionnaires, together with a full periodontal examination. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios (ORs) [95% Confidence Interval] were calculated to evaluate the association between MD adherence, PA level and periodontitis severity. A final logistic multivariate regression model was built to evaluate the impact of the combination between low MD adherence and low PA level on the prevalence of stage III/IV periodontitis. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for stage III/IV periodontitis were 1.65[0.84-3.28;p = .42] for low PA and 5.63[3.21-9.84;p = .00] for low MD adherence. The final logistic multivariate regression model resulted in OR = 10.23[4.01,26.09;p = .00] of having stage III/IV periodontitis in individuals with low MD adherence and low PA. CONCLUSIONS Individuals conducing a lifestyle characterized by the combination of low MD adherence and lack of regular exercise had 10 times the odds to have severe forms of periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Traversi
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parrini
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Varoni EM, Rimondini L. Oral Microbiome, Oral Health and Systemic Health: A Multidirectional Link. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010186. [PMID: 35052865 PMCID: PMC8774214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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Pereira LJ, Andrade EF, Barroso LC, Lima RRD, Macari S, Paiva SM, Silva TA. Irisin effects on bone: systematic review with meta-analysis of preclinical studies and prospects for oral health. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e055. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Medeiros TCCD, Areas E Souza A, Prates RC, Chapple I, Steffens JP. Association between tooth loss, chronic conditions and common risk factors - results from the 2019 brazilian health survey. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1141-1149. [PMID: 34904717 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic non-communicable diseases (NCDs; including lung, kidney, mental and cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and spinal problems), common risk factors, and tooth loss (TL), as an endpoint of prevalent oral NCDs (periodontitis and caries). METHODS A total of 60,271 noninstitutionalized adults (≥30 years) were evaluated, using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Negative binomial regressions were performed, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, oral hygiene, risk factors for periodontitis and caries (diabetes, smoking and a cariogenic diet). The dependent variable was TL expressed as a numerical value. RESULTS Diabetes, current smoking and a frequent cariogenic diet were significantly associated with TL - Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR(95%CI)]: 1.11(1.08-1.14), 1.28(1.25-1.31) and 0.97(0.94-0.99), respectively. Significant associations were observed for TL and all assessed NCDs, except for kidney diseases, cancer and musculoskeletal diseases related to work, with IRR ranging from 1.06 for hypertension and asthma to 1.16 for rheumatoid arthritis. Regular consumption (4-7 days/week) of vegetables, fruits and beef; alcohol up to 8 doses/week; and physical exercise were associated with a lower IRR for TL (p<0.05). Obesity, but not overweight, was associated with increased TL [1.05(1.03-1.07)]. Smoking, hypertension, arthritis, other mental diseases and spinal problems further increased the IRR for TL in individuals with diabetes (p<0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that certain chronic systemic conditions are associated with TL in Brazilian adults. This is likely due to shared risk factors; however causal associations cannot be examined in this cross-sectional dataset. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Areas E Souza
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Specific Training, Federal University Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Coelho Prates
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Community Healthcare Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Jung WK, Park SB, Kim HR, Ryu HY, Kim YH, Kim J. Advanced Glycation End Products Increase Salivary Gland Hypofunction in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats and Its Prevention by Physical Exercise. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2059-2067. [PMID: 34889900 PMCID: PMC8928989 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A declined salivary gland function is commonly observed in elderly people. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of aging. Although physical exercise is shown to increase various organ functions in human and experimental models, it is not known whether it has a similar effect in the salivary glands. In the present study, we evaluated the AGEs burden in the salivary gland in the aging process and the protective effect of physical exercise on age-related salivary hypofunction. To accelerate the aging process, rats were peritoneally injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks. Young control rats and d-galactose-induced aging rats in the old group were not exercised. The rats in the physical exercise group ran on a treadmill (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 6 weeks). The results showed that the salivary flow rate and total protein levels in the saliva of the d-galactose-induced aging rats were reduced compared to those of the young control rats. Circulating AGEs in serum and secreted AGEs in saliva increased with d-galactose-induced aging. AGEs also accumulated in the salivary glands of these aging rats. The salivary gland of aging rats showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of acinar cells, and apoptosis compared to young control mice. However, physical exercise suppressed all of these age-related salivary changes. Overall, physical exercise could provide a beneficial option for age-related salivary hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junghyun Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-4032; Fax: +82-63-270-4025
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40
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Kiuchi S, Cooray U, Kusama T, Yamamoto T, Abbas H, Nakazawa N, Kondo K, Osaka K, Aida J. Oral Status and Dementia Onset: Mediation of Nutritional and Social Factors. J Dent Res 2021; 101:420-427. [PMID: 34796750 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some modifiable risk factors for dementia are closely related to oral health. Although eating and speaking abilities are fundamental oral functions, limited studies have focused on the effect of malnutrition and lack of social interaction between oral health and dementia. We investigated the mediating effects of nutritional and social factors on the association between the number of teeth and the incidence of dementia. This 6-y cohort study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study targeting older adults aged 65 y and above. The number of teeth (exposure) and covariates in 2010 (baseline survey), mediators (weight loss, vegetable and fruit intake, homeboundness, social network) in 2013, and the onset of dementia (outcome) between 2013 and 2016 were obtained. The Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method was applied. A total of 35,744 participants were included (54.0% women). The mean age at baseline was 73.1 ± 5.5 y for men and 73.2 ± 5.5 y for women. A total of 1,776 participants (5.0%) had dementia during the follow-up period. There was a significant total effect of the number of teeth on the onset of dementia (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Controlling for nutritional and social mediators, the effect of the number of teeth was reduced to 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98-1.25), leaving an indirect effect of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02-1.04). In the sex-stratified analysis, the proportion mediated by weight loss was 6.35% for men and 4.07% for women. The proportions mediated by vegetable and fruit intake and homeboundness were 4.44% and 4.83% for men and 8.45% and 0.93% for women, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion mediated by social networks was 13.79% for men and 4.00% for women. Tooth loss was associated with the onset of dementia. Nutritional and social factors partially mediated this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - U Cooray
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - T Kusama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.,Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - H Abbas
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - N Nakazawa
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - J Aida
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wernicke K, Grischke J, Stiesch M, Zeissler S, Krüger K, Bauer P, Hillebrecht A, Eberhard J. Influence of physical activity on periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6101-6107. [PMID: 33796948 PMCID: PMC8531088 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the effect of physical activity on periodontal health and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over a period of 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients with non-insulin-dependent T2DM were included in the study. The intervention group (n=20) performed physical activity over a period of 6 months. The control group (n=17) did not receive any intervention. Baseline and final examinations included dental parameters and concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS Physical activity showed a positive effect on periodontal health. Both the BOP (p= 0.005) and the severity of periodontitis (p= 0.001) were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, HbA1c levels were reduced (p= 0.010) significantly in the intervention group while hsCRP levels significantly increased in the control group (p= 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this randomized, controlled trial, physical activity over a period of 6 months is a health-promoting measure for patients with T2DM and improves both periodontal health and HbA1c concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wernicke
- Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - J Grischke
- Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - M Stiesch
- Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - K Krüger
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - P Bauer
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - J Eberhard
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry and the Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tsai KZ, Su FY, Cheng WC, Lin YP, Lin GM. Association between hepatic and systemic inflammation and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young males: The CHIEF Oral Health study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:458-466. [PMID: 34611936 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the role of systemic inflammation in the associations between hepatic inflammation and localized periodontitis, which were conflicting among races. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1112 military personnel (males), aged 18-40 years, in Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was classified into healthy/stage I (n = 796) and stage II/III (n = 316) according to the 2017 criteria. Systemic and hepatic inflammation were defined by the greatest tertiles of blood leukocyte counts (7.51 × 103 /μl) and alanine aminotransferase (30 U/L), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, metabolic syndrome, betel nut consumption, and smoking were utilized to determine the associations. RESULTS There was a significant association between having a high systemic inflammation, whatever the hepatic inflammation severity, and the risk of having a localized stage II/III periodontitis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62 [1.09-2.42] and 1.47 [1.00-2.15], respectively, for the presence of a high hepatic inflammation or not). However, no significant association was found among participants with low systemic inflammation, whatever the hepatic inflammation severity (OR: 1.31 [0.91-1.91]). CONCLUSIONS An association between hepatic inflammation and localized periodontitis in Taiwanese was observed only if systemic inflammation co-existed, possibly accounting for the racial difference in the association significantly reported in Japanese but not in non-Asian populations in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ying Su
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology R&D Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lăzureanu PC, Popescu F, Tudor A, Stef L, Negru AG, Mihăilă R. Saliva pH and Flow Rate in Patients with Periodontal Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931362. [PMID: 34305133 PMCID: PMC8323473 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease, a frequent oral health problem, is connected with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the unstimulated saliva flow rate and saliva pH as markers of the severity of periodontal disease in patients with cardiovascular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 155 patients (78 men and 77 women, aged 30-92 years) was included, and a structured questionnaire obtained information about their health status, oral healthcare behaviors, and eating habits. An oral examination was performed to assess periodontal status and presence of dental calculus. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate and salivary pH were measured. An oral hygienization was performed, and 3 months later, salivary flow rate and pH were reevaluated. RESULTS A severe form of periodontal disease was found in 22.4% of patients. Disease severity was strongly correlated with low pH values (6.25 in stage IV periodontal disease), lower salivary flow rate (0.28 mL/min), smoking, poor oral hygiene habits and obesity, with no significant differences by sex. We observed a significant increase of pH (up to 6.30±0.17) in patients with severe periodontal disease (P=0.001) and salivary flow rate values (0.29±0.07 mL/min; P=0.014) 3 months after oral hygienization. There was a strong association between the severity of periodontal disease and presence of cardiovascular disease (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the decrease of salivary flow rate and pH level might be associated with the severity of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florina Popescu
- Department of Occupational Health, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca Tudor
- Department of Functional Science, Discipline of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Stef
- Department of Oral Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Complex Physical Systems, Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alina Gabriela Negru
- Department of Cardiology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Romeo Mihăilă
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, Romania
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Codella R, Della Guardia L, Terruzzi I, Solini A, Folli F, Varoni EM, Carrassi A, Luzi L. Physical activity as a proxy to ameliorate inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease at high cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2199-2209. [PMID: 34099361 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the beneficial impact of physical activity has been ascertained in a variety of pathological scenarios, including diabetes and low-grade systemic inflammation, its potential remains still putative for periodontal health. Periodontal disease has been associated with inflammatory systemic alterations, which share a common denominator with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise, along with nutritional counseling, is a cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes, also able to reduce the prevalence of periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk. In addition, considering the higher incidence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls, the fascinating research question would be whether physical activity could relieve the inflammatory pressure exerted by the combination of these two diseases. This multi-disciplinary viewpoint discusses available literature in order to argument the hypothesis of a "three-way relationship" linking diabetes, periodontitis, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Carrassi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
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Nogueira IDO, Oliveira PFGD, Magno MB, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, Rabello TB. Does the application of an adhesive layer improve the bond strength of etched and silanized glass-ceramics to resin-based materials? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bescos R, Brookes ZL, Belfield LA, Fernandez-Sanjurjo M, Casas-Agustench P. Modulation of oral microbiota: A new frontier in exercise supplementation. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ramseier CA, Woelber JP, Kitzmann J, Detzen L, Carra MC, Bouchard P. Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47 Suppl 22:90-106. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Johan P. Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Julia Kitzmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Private Practice Hamburg Germany
| | - Laurent Detzen
- Service of Odontology Department of Periodontology Rothschild Hospital AP‐HP Université de Paris U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France
| | - Maria Clotilde Carra
- Service of Odontology Department of Periodontology Rothschild Hospital AP‐HP Université de Paris U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France
- Population‐based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit INSERM UMS 011 Villejuif France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Service of Odontology Department of Periodontology Rothschild Hospital AP‐HP Université de Paris U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France
- EA 2496 Université de Paris U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France
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Thomas JT, Thomas T, Ahmed M, Kannan S K, Abdullah Z, Alghamdi SA, Joseph B. Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Obese Young Adult Population in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E197. [PMID: 32344600 PMCID: PMC7231025 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: We aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese young adults in Saudi Arabia and to analyze the association between different body mass indexes and the severity of periodontal disease. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 307 obese patients aged 18-39 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥30. Demographic variables for periodontal disease, anthropometric parameters such as BMI along with clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index-simplified, community periodontal index (CPI) score and loss of attachment (LOA), were assessed. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors for chronic periodontitis in obese young adults between 18-40 years of age. Results: The majority of the participants (71.3%) had periodontal disease. Obese and extremely obese patients together showed a statistically significant difference in the age group of 21-30 years in terms of CPI score for inflammation (p < 0.05) and LOA (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR: 3.180; 95%CL: 1.337-7.561; p <.001), occasional dental visit (OR: 5.965; 95%CL: 3.130-11.368; p < 0.001), smoking >10 cigarettes (OR: 11.868; 95%CL: 3.588-39.254; p < 0.001) and poor oral hygiene status (OR: 17.250; 95%CL: 6.958-42.764; p < 0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of having periodontal disease. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients among the Saudi Arabian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Toby Thomas
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthiga Kannan S
- Department of Maxillofacial Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zoha Abdullah
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College, Chengalpettu 6000094, India
| | - Sara Ayid Alghamdi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Betsy Joseph
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
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The impact of oral health on physical fitness: A systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03774. [PMID: 32346633 PMCID: PMC7182722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health problems may have numerous effects on general health, including physical fitness and performance. In this review, we aimed to systematically review the available evidence to assess the effect of oral health on general physical fitness. Methods We systematically performed a literature search in two different databases (PUBMED and EMBASE) without restriction to the year of publication. Articles were included if the subjects were humans and the primary aim was to assess the effects of dental and/or oral health problems on physical activity using either objective physical measurements or physical performance tests. The quality of the studies was then assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool. Results A total of 2651 articles were initially retrieved from the systematic search of the literature. Of these, a final total of 11 articles following the inclusion criteria were included in the review. All of the 11 articles included in the review had good methodological quality. Of the 11 articles, ten articles suggested a correlation between dental and oral condition toward physical fitness, body balance, cardiorespiratory function, and also cognitive function. Only one article found contradictory results, which showed that periodontal conditions did not correlate with the cardiorespiratory function. Malocclusion, including the number of remaining teeth, was reported in five studies (45.4%), periodontal disease was evaluated in six studies (54.5%), along with slight evaluation of periapical inflammation. Conclusion This review suggests that there is a negative effect of poor dental and/or oral health on physical fitness and performance.
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Sanchez GFL, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Grabovac I, Yang L, Veronese N, Shin JI, Loosemore M, Jacob L. Associations between self-reported physical activity and oral health: a cross-sectional analysis in 17,777 Spanish adults. Br Dent J 2020; 228:361-365. [PMID: 32170257 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between levels of physical activity and oral health in adults residing in Spain.Methods Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed (n = 17,777 adults aged ≥15 years; 52.0% females). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to measure physical activity. Oral health was self-reported through eight variables. Covariates included were sex, age, marital status, education, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.Results Dental caries (19.8% vs 27.8%), dental extraction (72.7% vs 75.4%), gingival bleeding (15.5% vs 19.1%), tooth movement (4.3% vs 5.9%) and missing tooth (57.9% vs 62.5%) were statistically significantly less frequent in the sufficient than insufficient physical activity group, whereas dental filling (74.2% vs 70.9%), dental material (36.6% vs 34.8%) and no missing tooth and no material (28.2% vs 25.1%) were statistically significantly more common. After adjustment, there was a negative relationship between physical activity and dental caries (OR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.66-0.78), gingival bleeding (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.72-0.86), tooth movement (OR = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.71-0.96) and missing tooth (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.85-0.98). In contrast, physical activity was positively associated with dental material (OR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.07-1.25).Conclusions Participation in physical activity is favourably associated with some but not all self-reported oral health correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08,830, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Paediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
| | - Mike Loosemore
- Institute for Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08,830, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, 78,180, France
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