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Chen Y, Wu J, Ma C, Zhang D, Zhou D, Zhang J, Yan M. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal changes of rapeseed in response to ABA signal during early seedling development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:245. [PMID: 38575879 PMCID: PMC11000593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination is an important development process in plant growth. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role during seed germination. However, the mechanism of rapeseed in response to ABA is still elusive. In order to understand changes of rapeseed under exogenous ABA treatment, we explored differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mock- and ABA-treated seedlings. A widely targeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics were used to identify and quantify metabolic changes in response to ABA during seed germination, and a total of 186 significantly DEMs were identified. There are many compounds which are involved in ABA stimuli, especially some specific ABA transportation-related metabolites such as starches and lipids were screened out. Meanwhile, a total of 4440 significantly DEGs were identified by transcriptomic analyses. There was a significant enrichment of DEGs related to phenylpropanoid and cell wall organization. It suggests that exogenous ABA mainly affects seed germination by regulating cell wall loosening. Finally, the correlation analysis of the key DEMs and DEGs indicates that many DEGs play a direct or indirect regulatory role in DEMs metabolism. The integrative analysis between DEGs and DEMs suggests that the starch and sucrose pathways were the key pathway in ABA responses. The two metabolites from starch and sucrose pathways, levan and cellobiose, both were found significantly down-regulated in ABA-treated seedlings. These comprehensive metabolic and transcript analyses provide useful information for the subsequent post-transcriptional modification and post germination growth of rapeseed in response to ABA signals and stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Chen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Changrui Ma
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, 410125, China.
- Hunan Research Center of Heterosis Utilization in Rapeseed, Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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2
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Wang S, Wang A, Chen R, Xu D, Wang H, Jiang F, Liu H, Qian W, Fan W. Haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome of hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke provides insights into its origin, evolution, and inulin metabolism. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100767. [PMID: 37974403 PMCID: PMC10943552 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a global multifunctional crop. It has wide applications in the food, health, feed, and biofuel industries and in ecological protection; it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, biological studies of Jerusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences, and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly. Here, we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome, which comprises 17 homologous groups, each with 6 pseudochromosomes. We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower, and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Jerusalem artichoke was formed by a hybridization event between a tetraploid and a diploid Helianthus species, followed by chromosome doubling of the hybrid, which occurred approximately 2 million years ago. Moreover, we identified more copies of actively expressed genes involved in inulin metabolism and showed that these genes may still be undergoing loss of function or sub- or neofunctionalization. These genomic resources will promote further biological studies, breeding improvement, and industrial utilization of Helianthus crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
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3
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Vasfilova ES. Fructose-Containing Plant Carbohydrates: Biological Activities and Medical Applications. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 512:343-353. [PMID: 38087025 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The review considers the chemical structure specifics and distribution in plants for fructose-containing carbohydrates (fructans). Various biological activities were observed in fructans and associated with their physicochemical features. Fructans affect many physiological and biochemical processes in the human body, improving health and reducing the risk of various disorders. Prebiotic activity is the most important physiological function of fructans. Fructans improve the microflora composition in the colon and intestinal mucosa by increasing the content of useful bacteria and decreasing the content of potentially harmful microorganisms, stimulate the physiological functions of the microflora, and provide for a better state of the intestine and a better health status. By modifying the intestinal microbiota and utilizing certain additional mechanisms, fructans can favorably affect the immune function, decrease the risk of various inflammatory processes, and to reduce the likelihood of tumorigenesis due to exposure to carcinogens. Fructans improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by reducing the blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and increasing the blood content of high-density lipoprotein (HLD). Fructans are low in calories, and their use in foods reduces the risk of obesity. Fructans facilitate higher calcium absorption and increase the bone density, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Fructants protect the body from oxidative stress, intestinal infections, and parasitic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Vasfilova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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4
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Shi Y, Si D, Zhang X, Chen D, Han Z. Plant fructans: Recent advances in metabolism, evolution aspects and applications for human health. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100595. [PMID: 37744554 PMCID: PMC10517269 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructans, fructose polymers, are one of the three major reserve carbohydrate in plants. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of natural fructans in plants have attracted increasing interest by consumers and food industry. In the course of evolution, many plants have developed the ability of regulating plant fructans metabolism to produce fructans with different structures and chain lengths, which are strongly correlated with their survival in harsh environments. Exploring these evolution-related genes in fructans biosynthesis and de novo domestication of fructans-rich plants based on genome editing is a viable and promising approach to improve human dietary quality and reduce the risk of chronic disease. These advances will greatly facilitate breeding and production of tailor-made fructans as a healthy food ingredient from wild plants such as huangjing (Polygonatum cyrtonema). The purpose of this review is to broaden our knowledge on plant fructans biosynthesis, evolution and benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Donghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhigang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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5
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Zanotto S, Bertrand A, Purves RW, Olsen JE, Elessawy FM, Ergon Å. Biochemical changes after cold acclimation in Nordic red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) accessions with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13953. [PMID: 37318218 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tolerate low freezing temperatures is an important component of winter survival and persistence of red clover. Cold acclimation (CA) allows plants to acquire higher levels of freezing tolerance. However, the biochemical responses to cold and the importance of such changes for the plant to acquire adequate freezing tolerance have not been investigated in red clover of Nordic origin, which has a distinct genetic background. To shed light on this, we selected five freezing tolerant (FT) and five freezing susceptible (FS) accessions and studied the effect of CA on the contents of carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in the crowns. Among those compounds which increased during CA, FT accessions had higher contents of raffinose, pinitol, arginine, serine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and one phenolic compound (a pinocembrin hexoside derivative) than FS accessions, suggesting a role for these compounds in the freezing tolerance in the selected accessions. These findings, together with a description of the phenolic profile of red clover crowns, significantly add to the current knowledge of the biochemical changes during CA and their role in freezing tolerance in Nordic red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotto
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Annick Bertrand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Fatma M Elessawy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Åshild Ergon
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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6
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Cui L, Wu J, Wang X, Yang X, Ye Z, Mayo KH, Sun L, Zhou Y. Purification and identification of oligosaccharides from Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. rhizomes. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100706. [PMID: 37215199 PMCID: PMC10196342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though Cimicifuga sp. is widely used in functional foods around the world, the content and structure of its oligosaccharides remain unclear. Here, we isolated a mixture of oligosaccharides from Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. rhizomes with a yield of 9.5% w/w. Twenty-six oligosaccharide monomers from the mixture were purified using optimized SEC and HILIC techniques. The oligosaccharides were identified as belonging to two groups by using HPAEC-PAD, MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR and GC-MS methylation analyses. One group belongs to sucrose and inulin type fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) {β-d-Fruf-(2 → 1)-[β-d-Fruf-(2 ↔ 1)]n=1-12-α-d-Glcp} with a 3-14 degree of polymerization (DP). Oligosaccharides in the other group belong to the inulo-n-ose type FOS {β-d-Fruf-(2 → 1)-[β-d-Fruf-(2 → 1)]m=0-12-β-d-Frup} with a DP of 2-14. This appears to be the first time that these oligosaccharides have been purified from Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom., thus providing useful information concerning the utilization of Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangnan Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zixin Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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7
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García-Villalba WG, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Ochoa-Martínez LA, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Herrera SM. Agave fructans: a review of their technological functionality and extraction processes. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1265-1273. [PMID: 36936110 PMCID: PMC10020391 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fructans are a polydisperse mixture of fructose polymers generally bound to a glucose molecule, in recent years, interest in their use has grown, either as a potential ingredient in functional foods or for their technological properties. The diversity of its applications lies in its structure and origin. Until now, the scientific approach has been more focused on inulin-type fructans and not so much on the effect of those of mixed branched structure as agave fructans. These have a complex structure with the presence of β (2 - 1) and β (2 - 6) bonds that give it prebiotic properties. In this context, a review is made of the general processes of extraction of agave fructans, as well as their technological functionality in the obtaining of base structures for the development of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Guadalupe García-Villalba
- Departamentos de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo, México
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas S/N Col. Republica Saltillo Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Luz Araceli Ochoa-Martínez
- Departamentos de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo, México
| | - Olga Miriam Rutiaga-Quiñones
- Departamentos de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo, México
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Departamentos de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo, México
| | - Silvia Marina González-Herrera
- Departamentos de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo, México
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8
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Prebiotic potential of carbohydrates from defatted rice bran – Effect of physical extraction methods. Food Chem 2023; 404:134539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Hura T, Hura K, Dziurka K, Ostrowska A, Urban K. Cell dehydration of intergeneric hybrid induces subgenome-related specific responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13855. [PMID: 36648214 PMCID: PMC10108068 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify subgenome-related specific responses in two types of triticale, that is, of the wheat-dominated genome (WDG) and rye-dominated genome (RDG), to water stress induced in the early phase (tillering) of plant growth. Higher activity of the primary metabolism of carbohydrates is a feature of the WDG type, while the dominance of the rye genome is associated with a higher activity of the secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds in the RDG type. The study analyzed carbohydrates and key enzymes of their synthesis, free phenolic compounds and carbohydrate-related components of the cell wall, monolignols, and shikimic acid (ShA), which is a key link between the primary and secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds. Under water stress, dominance of the wheat genome in the WDG type was manifested by an increased accumulation of the large subunit of Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase and a higher content of raffinose and stachyose compared with the RDG type. In dehydrated RDG plants, higher activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and L-tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), as well as a higher level of ShA, free and cell wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoic acid, free homovanillic acid, free sinapic acid, and cell wall-bound syringic acid can be considered biochemical indicators of the dominance of the rye genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hura
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and EconomicsAgricultural UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
| | - Karolina Urban
- Polish Academy of SciencesThe Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant PhysiologyKrakówPoland
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Rose T, Wilkinson M, Lowe C, Xu J, Hughes D, Hassall KL, Hassani‐Pak K, Amberkar S, Noleto‐Dias C, Ward J, Heuer S. Novel molecules and target genes for vegetative heat tolerance in wheat. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:264-289. [PMID: 37284432 PMCID: PMC10168084 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To prevent yield losses caused by climate change, it is important to identify naturally tolerant genotypes with traits and related pathways that can be targeted for crop improvement. Here we report on the characterization of contrasting vegetative heat tolerance in two UK bread wheat varieties. Under chronic heat stress, the heat-tolerant cultivar Cadenza produced an excessive number of tillers which translated into more spikes and higher grain yield compared to heat-sensitive Paragon. RNAseq and metabolomics analyses revealed that over 5000 genotype-specific genes were differentially expressed, including photosynthesis-related genes, which might explain the observed ability of Cadenza to maintain photosynthetic rate under heat stress. Around 400 genes showed a similar heat-response in both genotypes. Only 71 genes showed a genotype × temperature interaction. As well as known heat-responsive genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), several genes that have not been previously linked to the heat response, particularly in wheat, have been identified, including dehydrins, ankyrin-repeat protein-encoding genes, and lipases. Contrary to primary metabolites, secondary metabolites showed a highly differentiated heat response and genotypic differences. These included benzoxazinoid (DIBOA, DIMBOA), and phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with known radical scavenging capacity, which was assessed via the DPPH assay. The most highly heat-induced metabolite was (glycosylated) propanediol, which is widely used in industry as an anti-freeze. To our knowledge, this is the first report on its response to stress in plants. The identified metabolites and candidate genes provide novel targets for the development of heat-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandeep Amberkar
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - Sigrid Heuer
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB)CambridgeUK
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11
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Elango D, Wang W, Thudi M, Sebastiar S, Ramadoss BR, Varshney RK. Genome-wide association mapping of seed oligosaccharides in chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1024543. [PMID: 36352859 PMCID: PMC9638045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major pulse crops, rich in protein, and widely consumed all over the world. Most legumes, including chickpeas, possess noticeable amounts of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in their seeds. RFOs are seed oligosaccharides abundant in nature, which are non-digestible by humans and animals and cause flatulence and severe abdominal discomforts. So, this study aims to identify genetic factors associated with seed oligosaccharides in chickpea using the mini-core panel. We have quantified the RFOs (raffinose and stachyose), ciceritol, and sucrose contents in chickpea using high-performance liquid chromatography. A wide range of variations for the seed oligosaccharides was observed between the accessions: 0.16 to 15.13 mg g-1 raffinose, 2.77 to 59.43 mg g-1 stachyose, 4.36 to 90.65 mg g-1 ciceritol, and 3.57 to 54.12 mg g-1 for sucrose. Kabuli types showed desirable sugar profiles with high sucrose, whereas desi types had high concentrations RFOs. In total, 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for all the targeted sugar types, and nine genes (Ca_06204, Ca_04353, and Ca_20828: Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; Ca_17399 and Ca_22050: Remorin proteins; Ca_11152: Protein-serine/threonine phosphatase; Ca_10185, Ca_14209, and Ca_27229: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase) were identified as potential candidate genes for sugar metabolism and transport in chickpea. The accessions with low RFOs and high sucrose contents may be utilized in breeding specialty chickpeas. The identified candidate genes could be exploited in marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection, and genetic engineering to improve the sugar profiles in legumes and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Elango
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mahender Thudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Genetics Gains Research Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheelamary Sebastiar
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Bharathi Raja Ramadoss
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Genetics Gains Research Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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12
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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhou J, Dai S, Liu X, Zhang X. Isolation and Identification of an α-Galactosidase-Producing Lactosphaera pasteurii Strain and Its Enzymatic Expression Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185942. [PMID: 36144675 PMCID: PMC9502112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) refers to a group of enzymes that hydrolyze oligosaccharides containing α-galactoside-banded glycosides, such as stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose. These enzymes also possess great potential for application in sugar production, and in the feed and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a strain of Lactosphaera pasteurii (WHPC005) that produces α-galactosidase was identified from the soil of Western Hunan, China. It was determined that the optimal temperature and pH for this α-galactosidase were 45 °C and 5.5, respectively. The activity of α-galactosidase was inhibited by K+, Al3+, Fe3+, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, SDS, EDTA, NaCl, and (NH4)2SO4, and enhanced by Ca2+, Fe2+, Mn2, Zn2+, glucose, and raffinose. The optimal inducer was raffinose, and the optimal induction concentration was 30 μmol/L. The α-galactosidase gene was cloned using random fragment cloning methods. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the open reading frame of the α-galactosidase gene was 1230 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 409 amino acids in length. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the isoelectric point and molecular weight of this α-galactosidase were 4.84 and 47.40 kD, respectively. Random coils, alpha helixes, and beta turns were observed in its secondary structure, and conserved regions were found in the tertiary structure of this α-galactosidase. Therefore, this α-galactosidase-producing bacterial strain has the potential for application in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shan Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- College of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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14
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Gomez-Vargas AD, Hernández-Martínez KM, López-Rosas ME, Alejo Jacuinde G, Simpson J. Evidence for Light and Tissue Specific Regulation of Genes Involved in Fructan Metabolism in Agave tequilana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162153. [PMID: 36015458 PMCID: PMC9412663 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (PGHF32) contains the fructosyltransferases and fructan exohydrolase enzymes responsible for fructan metabolism, in addition to closely related vacuolar and cell wall acid invertases. Agave species produce complex and dynamic fructan molecules (agavins) requiring 4 different fructosyltransferase activities (1-SST, 1-FFT, 6G-FFT and 6-SFT) for their synthesis. Combined analysis of RNAseq and genome data for A. tequilana led to the characterization of the genes encoding 3 fructosyltransferases for this species and support the hypothesis that no separate 6-SFT type enzyme exists in A. tequilana, suggesting that at least one of the fructosyltransferases identified may have multiple enzymatic activities. Structures for PGHF32 genes varied for A. tequilana and between other plant species but were conserved for different enzyme types within a species. The observed patterns are consistent with the formation of distinct gene structures by intron loss. Promoter analysis of the PGHF32 genes identified abundant putative regulatory motifs for light regulation and tissue-specific expression, and these regulatory mechanisms were confirmed experimentally for leaf tissue. Motifs for phytohormone response, carbohydrate metabolism and dehydration responses were also uncovered. Based on the regulatory motifs, full-length cDNAs for MYB, GATA, DOF and GBF transcription factors were identified and their phylogenetic distribution determined by comparison with other plant species. In silico expression analysis for the selected transcription factors revealed both tissue-specific and developmental patterns of expression, allowing candidates to be identified for detailed analysis of the regulation of fructan metabolism in A. tequilana at the molecular level.
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15
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Harding SA, Tuma TT, Aulakh K, Ortega MA, Ci D, Ou Y, Tsai CJ. Tonoplast Sucrose Trafficking Modulates Starch Utilization and Water Deficit Behavior in Poplar Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1117-1129. [PMID: 35727111 PMCID: PMC9381566 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf osmotic adjustment by the active accrual of compatible organic solutes (e.g. sucrose) contributes to drought tolerance throughout the plant kingdom. In Populus tremula x alba, PtaSUT4 encodes a tonoplast sucrose-proton symporter, whose downregulation by chronic mild drought or transgenic manipulation is known to increase leaf sucrose and turgor. While this may constitute a single drought tolerance mechanism, we now report that other adjustments which can occur during a worsening water deficit are damped when PtaSUT4 is constitutively downregulated. Specifically, we report that starch use and leaf relative water content (RWC) dynamics were compromised when plants with constitutively downregulated PtaSUT4 were subjected to a water deficit. Leaf RWC decreased more in wild-type and vector control lines than in transgenic PtaSUT4-RNAi (RNA-interference) or CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) knockout (KO) lines. The control line RWC decrease was accompanied by increased PtaSUT4 transcript levels and a mobilization of sucrose from the mesophyll-enriched leaf lamina into the midvein. The findings suggest that changes in SUT4 expression can increase turgor or decrease RWC as different tolerance mechanisms to reduced water availability. Evidence is presented that PtaSUT4-mediated sucrose partitioning between the vacuole and the cytosol is important not only for overall sucrose abundance and turgor, but also for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant dynamics. Interestingly, the reduced capacity for accelerated starch breakdown under worsening water-deficit conditions was correlated with reduced ROS in the RNAi and KO lines. A role for PtaSUT4 in the orchestration of ROS, antioxidant, starch utilization and RWC dynamics during water stress and its importance in trees especially, with their high hydraulic resistances, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor T Tuma
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kavita Aulakh
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Maria A Ortega
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong Ci
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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16
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Van den Ende W. Different evolutionary pathways to generate plant fructan exohydrolases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4620-4623. [PMID: 35950463 PMCID: PMC9366321 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Oku S, Ueno K, Sawazaki Y, Maeda T, Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T, Onodera S, Fujino K, Shimura H. 2022. Functional characterization and vacuolar localization of fructan exohydrolase derived from onion (Allium cepa). Journal of Experimental Botany 73,4908–4922.
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17
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Tessier SN, de Vries RJ, Pendexter CA, Cronin SEJ, Ozer S, Hafiz EOA, Raigani S, Oliveira-Costa JP, Wilks BT, Lopera Higuita M, van Gulik TM, Usta OB, Stott SL, Yeh H, Yarmush ML, Uygun K, Toner M. Partial freezing of rat livers extends preservation time by 5-fold. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4008. [PMID: 35840553 PMCID: PMC9287450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited preservation duration of organs has contributed to the shortage of organs for transplantation. Recently, a tripling of the storage duration was achieved with supercooling, which relies on temperatures between -4 and -6 °C. However, to achieve deeper metabolic stasis, lower temperatures are required. Inspired by freeze-tolerant animals, we entered high-subzero temperatures (-10 to -15 °C) using ice nucleators to control ice and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) to maintain an unfrozen liquid fraction. We present this approach, termed partial freezing, by testing gradual (un)loading and different CPAs, holding temperatures, and storage durations. Results indicate that propylene glycol outperforms glycerol and injury is largely influenced by storage temperatures. Subsequently, we demonstrate that machine perfusion enhancements improve the recovery of livers after freezing. Ultimately, livers that were partially frozen for 5-fold longer showed favorable outcomes as compared to viable controls, although frozen livers had lower cumulative bile and higher liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N. Tessier
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Reinier J. de Vries
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers – location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casie A. Pendexter
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA ,Present Address: Sylvatica Biotech Inc., North Charleston, SC USA
| | - Stephanie E. J. Cronin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sinan Ozer
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ehab O. A. Hafiz
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Electron Microscopy Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Siavash Raigani
- grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joao Paulo Oliveira-Costa
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Benjamin T. Wilks
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Manuela Lopera Higuita
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Thomas M. van Gulik
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers – location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Osman Berk Usta
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shannon L. Stott
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Heidi Yeh
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.415829.30000 0004 0449 5362Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Nasir A, Ahmad W, Sattar F, Ashfaq I, Lindemann SR, Chen MH, Van den Ende W, Ӧner ET, Kirtel O, Khaliq S, Ghauri MA, Anwar MA. Production of a high molecular weight levan by Bacillus paralicheniformis, an industrially and agriculturally important isolate from the buffalo grass rhizosphere. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1101-1112. [PMID: 35840814 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from the rhizosphere of Bouteloua dactyloides (buffalo grass) and its EPS product was structurally characterized. The isolate, designated as LB1-1A, was identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis. The EPS produced by LB1-1A was identified as a levan, having β(2 → 6) linked backbone with β(2 → 1) linkages at the branch points (4.66%). The isolate LB1-1A yielded large amount (~ 42 g/l) of levan having high weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 5.517 × 107 Da. The relatively low degree of branching and high molecular weight of this levan makes B. paralicheniformis LB1-1A a promising candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Nasir
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Sattar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Ashfaq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ming-Hsu Chen
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ebru Toksoy Ӧner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Kirtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Ghauri
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munir A Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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19
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Li Q, Li K, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang B, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Pan C, Sun K, He C. Transcriptomic comparison sheds new light on regulatory networks for dimorphic flower development in response to photoperiod in Viola prionantha. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:336. [PMID: 35820812 PMCID: PMC9277944 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chasmogamous (CH)-cleistogamous (CL) dimorphic flowers are developed in Viola prionantha. However, the environmental and genetic factors necessary for the CH-CL transition are unknown. RESULTS In the present work, short-day (SD) conditions induced CH flowers, whereas long days (LDs) triggered CL flowers in V. prionantha. Compared to fully developed CH flowers, CL flowers had less mature stamens, no nectar glands, and immature petals. Comparative transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during CL and CH development. Core genes in the photoperiod pathway, such as V. prionantha orthologs of GIGANTEA (GI), CONSTANS (CO), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which promote floral induction, were highly expressed in CL flowers, whereas UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) and B-class MADS-box genes for floral organ identity and development showed an opposite alteration. Moreover, genes in the glycolytic process, sucrose metabolic process, and fatty acid biosynthetic process were all highly expressed in CH flowers. Interestingly, V. prionantha orthologs of the B-class MADS-box genes APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) might relate to these sugar-fatty acid processes and were co-expressed with GAIP-B-like and YABBY5 (YAB5), which regulate the development of the petal, stamen, and nectary. Compared to CH flowers, DEGs and hub genes in the most significantly correlated modules of the gene co-expression network, which are involved in abiotic and biotic responses, were upregulated in CL flowers. CONCLUSIONS We proposed an integrative model for transcription regulation of genes in the photoperiod pathway, floral organ development, stress response, and sugar-fatty acid processes to determine CH-CL flower development in V. prionantha. Particularly, under LDs, activated GI may induce genes involved in the stress-response pathways, and then downregulated AP3 and PI or UFO to inhibit the sugar-fatty acid metabolic processes, together forming CL flowers. In contrast, CH flowers were produced under SDs. This work provides novel insights into the developmental evolution of dimorphic flowers in Viola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Li
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jigang Li
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chaochao Pan
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Malécange M, Pérez-Garcia MD, Citerne S, Sergheraert R, Lalande J, Teulat B, Mounier E, Sakr S, Lothier J. Leafamine ®, a Free Amino Acid-Rich Biostimulant, Promotes Growth Performance of Deficit-Irrigated Lettuce. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7338. [PMID: 35806343 PMCID: PMC9266813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit causes substantial yield losses that climate change is going to make even more problematic. Sustainable agricultural practices are increasingly developed to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. One innovative solution amongst others is the integration of plant biostimulants in agriculture. In this work, we investigate for the first time the effects of the biostimulant -Leafamine®-a protein hydrolysate on greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. We examined the physiological and metabolomic water deficit responses of lettuce treated with Leafamine® (0.585 g/pot) or not. Root application of Leafamine® increased the shoot fresh biomass of both well-watered (+40%) and deficit-irrigated (+20%) lettuce plants because the projected leaf area increased. Our results also indicate that Leafamine® application could adjust the nitrogen metabolism by enhancing the total nitrogen content, amino acid (proline) contents and the total protein level in lettuce leaves, irrespective of the water condition. Osmolytes such as soluble sugars and polyols, also increased in Leafamine®-treated lettuce. Our findings suggest that the protective effect of Leafamine is a widespread change in plant metabolism and could involve ABA, putrescine and raffinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Malécange
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
- BCF Life Sciences, Boisel, 56140 Pleucadeuc, France; (R.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria-Dolores Pérez-Garcia
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France;
| | | | - Julie Lalande
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (M.M.); (M.-D.P.-G.); (J.L.); (B.T.); (J.L.)
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21
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Kasprowicz-Potocka M, Gulewicz P, Zaworska-Zakrzewska A. The content of raffinose oligosaccharides in legumes
and their importance for animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149656/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Okazawa A, Baba A, Okano H, Tokunaga T, Nakaue T, Ogawa T, Shimma S, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. Involvement of α-galactosidase OmAGAL2 in planteose hydrolysis during seed germination of Orobanche minor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1992-2004. [PMID: 34850875 PMCID: PMC8982430 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae, such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), cause serious losses in agriculture worldwide, and efforts have been made to control these parasitic weeds. Understanding the characteristic physiological processes in the life cycle of root parasitic weeds is particularly important to identify specific targets for growth modulators. In our previous study, planteose metabolism was revealed to be activated soon after the perception of strigolactones in germinating seeds of O. minor. Nojirimycin inhibited planteose metabolism and impeded seed germination of O. minor, indicating a possible target for root parasitic weed control. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of planteose in dry seeds of O. minor by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging. Planteose was detected in tissues surrounding-but not within-the embryo, supporting its suggested role as a storage carbohydrate. Biochemical assays and molecular characterization of an α-galactosidase family member, OmAGAL2, indicated that the enzyme is involved in planteose hydrolysis in the apoplast around the embryo after the perception of strigolactones, to provide the embryo with essential hexoses for germination. These results indicate that OmAGAL2 is a potential molecular target for root parasitic weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Atsuya Baba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Nakaue
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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23
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Dominguez PG, Niittylä T. Mobile forms of carbon in trees: metabolism and transport. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:458-487. [PMID: 34542151 PMCID: PMC8919412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants constitute 80% of the biomass on earth, and almost two-thirds of this biomass is found in wood. Wood formation is a carbon (C)-demanding process and relies on C transport from photosynthetic tissues. Thus, understanding the transport process is of major interest for understanding terrestrial biomass formation. Here, we review the molecules and mechanisms used to transport and allocate C in trees. Sucrose is the major form in which C is transported in plants, and it is found in the phloem sap of all tree species investigated so far. However, in several tree species, sucrose is accompanied by other molecules, notably polyols and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides. We describe the molecules that constitute each of these transport groups, and their distribution across different tree species. Furthermore, we detail the metabolic reactions for their synthesis, the mechanisms by which trees load and unload these compounds in and out of the vascular system, and how they are radially transported in the trunk and finally catabolized during wood formation. We also address a particular C recirculation process between phloem and xylem that occurs in trees during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. A search of possible evolutionary drivers behind the diversity of C-carrying molecules in trees reveals no consistent differences in C transport mechanisms between angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Furthermore, the distribution of C forms across species suggests that climate-related environmental factors will not explain the diversity of C transport forms. However, the consideration of C-transport mechanisms in relation to tree-rhizosphere coevolution deserves further attention. To conclude the review, we identify possible future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
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Benkeblia N. Insights on Fructans and Resistance of Plants to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.827758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought, one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plants, is characterized by a decrease of water availability, resulting in a decrease of the water potential (Ψ) of the cells. One of the strategies of plants in resisting to this low Ψ and related stresses is regulating their water-plant relation and the interplay between Ψsolutes and the turgor pressure (Ψp). This regulation avoids the dehydration induced by low Ψ and is resulting from the accumulation of specific molecules which induce higher tolerance to water deficit and also other mechanisms that prevent or repair cell damages. In plants, fructans, the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), have other physiological functions than carbon reserve. Among these roles, fructans have been implicated in protecting plants against water deficit caused by drought. As an efficient strategy to survive to this abiotic stress, plants synthesize fructans in response to osmotic pressure in order to osmoregulate the cellular flux, therefore, protecting the membrane damage and maintaining Ψp. Although different studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms behind this strategy, still the concept itself is not well-understood and many points remain unclear and need to be elucidated in order to understand the causal relation between water deficit and fructans accumulation during water scarcity. This understanding will be a key tool in developing strategies to enhance crop tolerance to stressful dry conditions, particularly under the changing climate prediction. This review aims to give new insights on the roles of fructans in the response and resistance of plants to water deficit and their fate under this severe environmental condition.
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25
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Gaur A, Jindal Y, Singh V, Tiwari R, Kumar D, Kaushik D, Singh J, Narwal S, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Angadi UB, Singh G, Rai A, Singh GP, Sheoran S. GWAS to Identify Novel QTNs for WSCs Accumulation in Wheat Peduncle Under Different Water Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825687. [PMID: 35310635 PMCID: PMC8928439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) play a vital role in water stress avoidance and buffering wheat grain yield. However, the genetic architecture of stem WSCs' accumulation is partially understood, and few candidate genes are known. This study utilizes the compressed mixed linear model-based genome wide association study (GWAS) and heuristic post GWAS analyses to identify causative quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and candidate genes for stem WSCs' content at 15 days after anthesis under different water regimes (irrigated, rainfed, and drought). Glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans, total non-structural carbohydrates (the sum of individual sugars), total WSCs (anthrone based) quantified in the peduncle of 301 bread wheat genotypes under multiple environments (E01-E08) pertaining different water regimes, and 14,571 SNPs from "35K Axiom Wheat Breeders" Array were used for analysis. As a result, 570 significant nucleotide trait associations were identified on all chromosomes except for 4D, of which 163 were considered stable. A total of 112 quantitative trait nucleotide regions (QNRs) were identified of which 47 were presumable novel. QNRs qWSC-3B.2 and qWSC-7A.2 were identified as the hotspots. Post GWAS integration of multiple data resources prioritized 208 putative candidate genes delimited into 64 QNRs, which can be critical in understanding the genetic architecture of stem WSCs accumulation in wheat under optimum and water-stressed environments. At least 19 stable QTNs were found associated with 24 prioritized candidate genes. Clusters of fructans metabolic genes reported in the QNRs qWSC-4A.2 and qWSC-7A.2. These genes can be utilized to bring an optimum combination of various fructans metabolic genes to improve the accumulation and remobilization of stem WSCs and water stress tolerance. These results will further strengthen wheat breeding programs targeting sustainable wheat production under limited water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Gaur
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Yogesh Jindal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ratan Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Jogendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sneh Narwal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ulavapp B. Angadi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sonia Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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Versluys M, Van den Ende W. Sweet Immunity Aspects during Levan Oligosaccharide-Mediated Priming in Rocket against Botrytis cinerea. Biomolecules 2022; 12:370. [PMID: 35327562 PMCID: PMC8945012 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
New strategies are required for crop protection against biotic stress. Naturally derived molecules, including carbohydrates such as fructans, can be used in priming or defense stimulation. Rocket (Eruca sativa) is an important leafy vegetable and a good source of antioxidants. Here, we tested the efficacy of fructan-induced immunity in the Botrytis cinerea pathosystem. Different fructan types of plant and microbial origin were considered and changes in sugar dynamics were analyzed. Immune resistance increased significantly after priming with natural and sulfated levan oligosaccharides (LOS). No clear positive effects were observed for fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin or branched-type fructans. Only sulfated LOS induced a direct ROS burst, typical for elicitors, while LOS behaved as a genuine priming compound. Total leaf sugar levels increased significantly both after LOS priming and subsequent infection. Intriguingly, apoplastic sugar levels temporarily increased after LOS priming but not after infection. We followed LOS and small soluble sugar dynamics in the apoplast as a function of time and found a temporal peak in small soluble sugar levels. Although similar dynamics were also found with inulin-type FOS, increased Glc and FOS levels may benefit B. cinerea. During LOS priming, LOS- and/or Glc-dependent signaling may induce downstream sweet immunity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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27
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Elango D, Rajendran K, Van der Laan L, Sebastiar S, Raigne J, Thaiparambil NA, El Haddad N, Raja B, Wang W, Ferela A, Chiteri KO, Thudi M, Varshney RK, Chopra S, Singh A, Singh AK. Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides: Friend or Foe for Human and Plant Health? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829118. [PMID: 35251100 PMCID: PMC8891438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are widespread across the plant kingdom, and their concentrations are related to the environment, genotype, and harvest time. RFOs are known to carry out many functions in plants and humans. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of RFOs, including their beneficial and anti-nutritional properties. RFOs are considered anti-nutritional factors since they cause flatulence in humans and animals. Flatulence is the single most important factor that deters consumption and utilization of legumes in human and animal diets. In plants, RFOs have been reported to impart tolerance to heat, drought, cold, salinity, and disease resistance besides regulating seed germination, vigor, and longevity. In humans, RFOs have beneficial effects in the large intestine and have shown prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria reducing pathogens and putrefactive bacteria present in the colon. In addition to their prebiotic potential, RFOs have many other biological functions in humans and animals, such as anti-allergic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryoprotection. The wide-ranging applications of RFOs make them useful in food, feed, cosmetics, health, pharmaceuticals, and plant stress tolerance; therefore, we review the composition and diversity of RFOs, describe the metabolism and genetics of RFOs, evaluate their role in plant and human health, with a primary focus in grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Elango
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Liza Van der Laan
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sheelamary Sebastiar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Joscif Raigne
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bharath Raja
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Antonella Ferela
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kevin O. Chiteri
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, India
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Surinder Chopra
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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28
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Tessier SN, Haque O, Pendexter CA, Cronin SEJ, Hafiz EOA, Weng L, Yeh H, Markmann JF, Taylor MJ, Fahy GM, Toner M, Uygun K. The role of antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) and polyvinyl alcohol/polyglycerol (X/Z-1000) as ice modulators during partial freezing of rat livers. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2022; 10:1033613. [PMID: 37151819 PMCID: PMC10161798 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.1033613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The current liver organ shortage has pushed the field of transplantation to develop new methods to prolong the preservation time of livers from the current clinical standard of static cold storage. Our approach, termed partial freezing, aims to induce a thermodynamically stable frozen state at high subzero storage temperatures (-10°C to -15°C), while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient unfrozen fraction to limit ice-mediated injury. Methods and results Using glycerol as the main permeating cryoprotectant agent, this research first demonstrated that partially frozen rat livers showed similar outcomes after thawing from either -10°C or -15°C with respect to subnormothermic machine perfusion metrics. Next, we assessed the effect of adding ice modulators, including antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) or a polyvinyl alcohol/polyglycerol combination (X/Z-1000), on the viability and structural integrity of partially frozen rat livers compared to glycerol-only control livers. Results showed that AFGP livers had high levels of ATP and the least edema but suffered from significant endothelial cell damage. X/Z-1000 livers had the highest levels of ATP and energy charge (EC) but also demonstrated endothelial damage and post-thaw edema. Glycerol-only control livers exhibited the least DNA damage on Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining but also had the lowest levels of ATP and EC. Discussion Further research is necessary to optimize the ideal ice modulator cocktail for our partial-freezing protocol. Modifications to cryoprotective agent (CPA) combinations, including testing additional ice modulators, can help improve the viability of these partially frozen organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N. Tessier
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Omar Haque
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Casie A. Pendexter
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie E. J. Cronin
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ehab O. A. Hafiz
- Department of Electron Microscopy Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lindong Weng
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James F. Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael J. Taylor
- Sylvatica Biotech Inc, North Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE: Mehmet Toner, , Korkut Uygun,
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE: Mehmet Toner, , Korkut Uygun,
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29
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Matilla AJ. The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010020. [PMID: 35009023 PMCID: PMC8747232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular "glass state". This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área Fisiología Vegetal), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105021118. [PMID: 34815339 PMCID: PMC8640937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer ahp2,3,5 and type-B Arabidopsis response regulator arr1,10,12 triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the ahp2,3,5 mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the arr1,10,12 mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. A comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with transcriptome analysis of the ahp2,3,5 and arr1,10,12 mutants was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms mediated by CK signaling. Numerous primary (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and lipids) and secondary (e.g., flavonoids and sterols) metabolites accumulated in these mutants under nonsaline and saline conditions, suggesting that both prestress and poststress accumulations of stress-related metabolites contribute to improved salt tolerance in CK-signaling mutants. Specifically, the levels of sugars (e.g., trehalose and galactinol), amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanins, sterols, and unsaturated triacylglycerols were higher in the mutant plants than in WT plants. Notably, the reprograming of flavonoid and lipid pools was highly coordinated and concomitant with the changes in transcriptional levels, indicating that these metabolic pathways are transcriptionally regulated by CK signaling. The discovery of the regulatory role of CK signaling on membrane lipid reprogramming provides a greater understanding of CK-mediated salt tolerance in plants. This knowledge will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops with the ability to withstand salinity as a key driver to ensure global food security in the era of climate crisis.
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021. [PMID: 34608637 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572.hal-03379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, 37901, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee,, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee,, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885, Barsbütel, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAE, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 19, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
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Cioć M, Tokarz K, Dziurka M, Pawłowska B. Energy-Saving LED Light Affects the Efficiency of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Carbohydrate Content in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Axillary Shoots Multiplied In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101035. [PMID: 34681135 PMCID: PMC8533489 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An energy-saving light emitting diode (LED) system allows for adjustment of light quality, which affects plant development and metabolic processes in in vitro cultures. The study investigated the content of endogenous carbohydrates and the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Our aim was to analyze the effects of different LED light qualities-100% red light (R LED), 100% blue (B LED), a mixture of red and blue (7:3) (RB LED), and a fluorescent lamp as a control (Fl)-during the multiplication of axillary shoots. After 40 days, the culture measurements were performed using a non-invasive pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorimeter. Sugar content was assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified. Of those, glucose content was the highest. LEDs did not disturb the sugar metabolism in multiplied shoots. Their monosaccharides were three times more abundant than oligosaccharides; the same results were found in plants grown under control light. R light depleted the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and caused its permanent damage. The RB LED spectrum ensured the most efficient non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation state and high shoot quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cioć
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Art, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Department of Developmental Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Bożena Pawłowska
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Art, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
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Feng Z, Zheng F, Wu S, Li R, Li Y, Zhong J, Zhao H. Functional Characterization of a Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Vacuolar Invertase, CsVI1, Involved in Hexose Accumulation and Response to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179365. [PMID: 34502273 PMCID: PMC8431200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an important vegetable plant species, is susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the seedling stage. Vacuolar invertase (VI) plays important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of VI function in cucumber, have not yet been completely understood and VI responses to low temperature stress and it functions in cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings are also in need of exploration. The present study found that hexose accumulation in the roots of cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress is closely related to the observed enhancement of invertase activity. Our genome-wide search for the vacuolar invertase (VI) genes in cucumber identified the candidate VI-encoding gene CsVI1. Expression profiling of CsVI1 showed that it was mainly expressed in the young roots of cucumber seedlings. In addition, transcriptional analysis indicated that CsVI1 expression could respond to low temperature stress. Recombinant CsVI1 proteins purified from Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could hydrolyze sucrose into hexoses. Further, overexpression of CsVI1 in cucumber plants could increase their hexose contents and improve their low temperature tolerance. Lastly, a putative cucumber invertase inhibitor was found could form a complex with CsVI1. In summary, these results confirmed that CsVI1 functions as an acid invertase involved in hexose accumulation and responds to low temperature stress in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 732001, China;
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Silin Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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The Potential of Kluyveromyces marxianus to Produce Low-FODMAP Straight-Dough and Sourdough Bread: a Pilot-Scale Study. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Wu S, Greiner S, Ma C, Zhong J, Huang X, Rausch T, Zhao H. A Fructan Exohydrolase from Maize Degrades Both Inulin and Levan and Co-Exists with 1-Kestotriose in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5149. [PMID: 34068004 PMCID: PMC8152283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes with fructan exohydrolase (FEH) activity are present not only in fructan-synthesizing species but also in non-fructan plants. This has led to speculation about their functions in non-fructan species. Here, a cell wall invertase-related Zm-6&1-FEH2 with no "classical" invertase motif was identified in maize. Following heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, the enzyme activity of recombinant Zm-6&1-FEH2 displays substrate specificity with respect to inulin and levan. Subcellular localization showed Zm-6&1-FEH2 exclusively localized in the apoplast, and its expression profile was strongly dependent on plant development and in response to drought and abscisic acid. Furthermore, formation of 1-kestotriose, an oligofructan, was detected in vivo and in vitro and could be hydrolyzed by Zm-6&1-FEH2. In summary, these results support that Zm-6&1-FEH2 enzyme from maize can degrade both inulin-type and levan-type fructans, and the implications of the co-existence of Zm-6&1-FEH2 and 1-kestotriose are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Steffen Greiner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.G.); (J.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Henry Fok College of Biology and Agricultural Science, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.G.); (J.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.G.); (J.Z.); (T.R.)
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (X.H.)
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Testone G, Sobolev AP, Mele G, Nicolodi C, Gonnella M, Arnesi G, Biancari T, Giannino D. Leaf nutrient content and transcriptomic analyses of endive (Cichorium endivia) stressed by downpour-induced waterlog reveal a gene network regulating kestose and inulin contents. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:92. [PMID: 33931617 PMCID: PMC8087766 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endive (Cichorium endivia L.), a vegetable consumed as fresh or packaged salads, is mostly cultivated outdoors and known to be sensitive to waterlogging in terms of yield and quality. Phenotypic, metabolic and transcriptomic analyses were used to study variations in curly- ('Domari', 'Myrna') and smooth-leafed ('Flester', 'Confiance') cultivars grown in short-term waterlog due to rainfall excess before harvest. After recording loss of head weights in all cultivars (6-35%), which was minimal in 'Flester', NMR untargeted profiling revealed variations as influenced by genotype, environment and interactions, and included drop of total carbohydrates (6-50%) and polyols (3-37%), gain of organic acids (2-30%) and phenylpropanoids (98-560%), and cultivar-specific fluctuations of amino acids (-37 to +15%). The analysis of differentially expressed genes showed GO term enrichment consistent with waterlog stress and included the carbohydrate metabolic process. The loss of sucrose, kestose and inulin recurred in all cultivars and the sucrose-inulin route was investigated by covering over 50 genes of sucrose branch and key inulin synthesis (fructosyltransferases) and catabolism (fructan exohydrolases) genes. The lowered expression of a sucrose gene subset together with that of SUCROSE:SUCROSE-1-FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE (1-SST) may have accounted for sucrose and kestose contents drop in the leaves of waterlogged plants. Two anti-correlated modules harbouring candidate hub-genes, including 1-SST, were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis, and proposed to control positively and negatively kestose levels. In silico analysis further pointed at transcription factors of GATA, DOF, WRKY types as putative regulators of 1-SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Testone
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mele
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nicolodi
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gonnella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR. Via G. Amendola 122/O - 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arnesi
- Enza Zaden Italia, Strada Statale Aurelia km. 96.400 - 01016 Tarquinia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tiziano Biancari
- Enza Zaden Italia, Strada Statale Aurelia km. 96.400 - 01016 Tarquinia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Donato Giannino
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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Abaramak G, Porras-Domínguez JR, Janse van Rensburg HC, Lescrinier E, Toksoy Öner E, Kırtel O, Van den Ende W. Functional and Molecular Characterization of the Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa Inulosucrase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040749. [PMID: 33918392 PMCID: PMC8066391 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructans are fructose-based (poly)saccharides with inulin and levan being the best-known ones. Thanks to their health-related benefits, inulin-type fructans have been under the focus of scientific and industrial communities, though mostly represented by plant-based inulins, and rarely by microbial ones. Recently, it was discovered that some extremely halophilic Archaea are also able to synthesize fructans. Here, we describe the first in-depth functional and molecular characterization of an Archaeal inulosucrase from Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa (HmcIsc). The HmcIsc enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and shown to synthesize inulin as proven by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In accordance with the halophilic lifestyle of its native host, the enzyme showed maximum activity at very high NaCl concentrations (3.5 M), with specific adaptations for that purpose. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Archaeal inulosucrases have been acquired from halophilic bacilli through horizontal gene transfer, with a HX(H/F)T motif evolving further into a HXHT motif, together with a unique D residue creating the onset of a specific alternative acceptor binding groove. This work uncovers a novel area in fructan research, highlighting unexplored aspects of life in hypersaline habitats, and raising questions about the general physiological relevance of inulosucrases and their products in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Abaramak
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Jaime Ricardo Porras-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
| | | | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
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Solarte DA, Ruiz-Matute AI, Chito-Trujillo DM, Rada-Mendoza M, Sanz ML. Microwave Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Carbohydrates from Different Morphological Parts of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10020346. [PMID: 33562045 PMCID: PMC7915009 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the nutritional properties of alfalfa, its production is mainly for animal feed and it is undervalued as a food source. In this study, the valorization of alfalfa as a potential source of bioactive carbohydrates [inositols, α-galactooligosaccharides (α-GOS)] is presented. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the extraction of these carbohydrates from leaves, stems, and seeds of alfalfa by solid–liquid extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Optimal extraction temperatures were similar for both treatments (40 °C leaves, 80 °C seeds); however, SLE required longer times (32.5 and 60 min vs. 5 min). In general, under similar extraction conditions, MAE provided higher yields of inositols (up to twice) and α-GOS (up to 7 times); hence, MAE was selected for their extraction from 13 alfalfa samples. Pinitol was the most abundant inositol of leaves and stems (24.2–31.0 mg·g−1 and 15.5–22.5 mg·g−1, respectively) while seed extracts were rich in α-GOS, mainly in stachyose (48.8–84.7 mg·g−1). In addition, inositols and α-GOS concentrations of lyophilized MAE extracts were stable for up to 26 days at 50 °C. These findings demonstrate that alfalfa is a valuable source of bioactive carbohydrates and MAE a promising alternative technique to obtain functional extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alejandra Solarte
- Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190003, Colombia; (D.A.S.); (D.M.C.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Isabel Ruiz-Matute
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diana M. Chito-Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190003, Colombia; (D.A.S.); (D.M.C.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Maite Rada-Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190003, Colombia; (D.A.S.); (D.M.C.-T.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - María Luz Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Magaña Ugarte R, Escudero A, Gavilán RG. Assessing the Role of Selected Osmolytes in Mediterranean High-Mountain Specialists. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.576122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the constraining weight of summer drought over plant life which distinguishes Mediterranean high-mountains, and its anticipated exacerbation under the current climate crisis, there is still little knowledge of the underlying drought-endurance mechanisms in Mediterranean high-mountain species, such as osmolyte accumulation. To fill this gap, we studied the role of two of the most frequent osmoregulators in plants, proline and osmotically active carbohydrates (OAC), as pointers of the drought-stress response in seven high-mountain plant species representative of the high-mountain plant communities in Central Spain, along an elevation gradient. Overall, our results are consistent with the escalation of summer drought and suggest the involvement of osmolytes to sustain plant activity in these specialists during the growing season. Proline content showed a steadily increasing pattern in line with the seasonal aggravation of summer drought. The significant rise in mean proline in most species, coinciding with the periods with the greatest decline in soil water content, suggests the recurrent role of proline in the drought-stress response in the studied specialists. The lack of significant differences between elevations and the minimal seasonal variations in the OAC content suggest a fixed OAC content independent of functional type to sustain metabolic functions under summer drought. Moreover, these findings allow inferring the action of both OAC and proline as osmoregulators, allowing to support plant functions in these specialists under atypically dry conditions. Overall, our findings are consistent with proline as a major osmoprotectant strategy over OAC buildup in these specialists, which may be related to an adaptation strategy associated with the briefness of the growing season and the incidence of less favorable conditions in Mediterranean high-mountains.
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Pérez-López AV, Simpson J, Clench MR, Gomez-Vargas AD, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ. Localization and Composition of Fructans in Stem and Rhizome of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:608850. [PMID: 33552101 PMCID: PMC7855178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Methodology combining mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with ion mobility separation (IMS) has emerged as a biological imaging technique due to its versatility, sensitivity and label-free approach. This technique has been shown to separate isomeric compounds such as lipids, amino acids, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates. This report describes mass spectrometry imaging in combination with traveling-wave ion mobility separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Positive ionization mode was used to locate fructans on tissue printed sections of Agave rhizome and stem tissue and distinguished fructan isoforms. Here we show the location of fructans ranging from DP3 to DP17 to be differentially abundant across the stem tissue and for the first time, experimental collision cross sections of endogenous fructan structures have been collected, revealing at least two isoforms for fructans of DP4, DP5, DP6, DP7, DP8, DP10, and DP11. This demonstrates that complex fructans such as agavins can be located and their isoforms resolved using a combination of MALDI, IMS, and MSI, without the need for extraction or derivatization. Use of this methodology uncovered patterns of fructan localization consistent with functional differences where higher DP fructans are found toward the central section of the stem supporting a role in long term carbohydrate storage whereas lower DP fructans are concentrated in the highly vascularized central core of rhizomes supporting a role in mobilization of carbohydrates from the mother plant to developing offsets. Tissue specific patterns of expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in fructan metabolism are consistent with fructan structures and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Malcolm R. Clench
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - José J. Ordaz-Ortiz
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Mexico
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He H, Wu Y, Huang Y, Li X, Wang R, Yang JS, Liu XY, Qin Y. Stereoselective synthesis of α- d-fructofuranosides using a 4,6- O-siloxane-protected donor. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient glycosylation method relying on the use of a 4,6-O-siloxane-protected thio-fructofuranoside donor is presented, which facilitated the stereoselective synthesis of α-d-fructofuranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Jin-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province
- and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
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Wang X, Liu Y, Han Z, Chen Y, Huai D, Kang Y, Wang Z, Yan L, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Cold Tolerance in Peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752474. [PMID: 34899780 PMCID: PMC8652294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature (non-freezing) is one of the major limiting factors in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth, yield, and geographic distribution. Due to the complexity of cold-resistance trait in peanut, the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and related gene networks were largely unknown. In this study, metabolomic analysis of two peanut cultivars subjected to chilling stress obtained a set of cold-responsive metabolites, including several carbohydrates and polyamines. These substances showed a higher accumulation pattern in cold-tolerant variety SLH than cold-susceptible variety ZH12 under cold stress, indicating their importance in protecting peanut from chilling injuries. In addition, 3,620 cold tolerance genes (CTGs) were identified by transcriptome sequencing, and the CTGs were most significantly enriched in the "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathway. Two vital modules and several novel hub genes were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Several key genes involved in soluble sugar, polyamine, and G-lignin biosynthetic pathways were substantially higher and/or responded more quickly in SLH (cold tolerant) than ZH12 (cold susceptible) under low temperature, suggesting they might be crucial contributors during the adaptation of peanut to low temperature. These findings will not only provide valuable resources for study of cold resistance in peanut but also lay a foundation for genetic modification of cold regulators to enhance stress tolerance in crops.
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Walker RP, Battistelli A, Bonghi C, Drincovich MF, Falchi R, Lara MV, Moscatello S, Vizzotto G, Famiani F. Non-structural Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Flesh of Stone Fruits of the Genus Prunus (Rosaceae) - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:549921. [PMID: 33240291 PMCID: PMC7683422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.549921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates are abundant constituents of the ripe flesh of all stone fruits. The bulk of their content comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol. However, the abundance of each of these carbohydrates in the flesh differs between species, and also with its stage of development. In this article the import, subcellular compartmentation, contents, metabolism and functions of non-structural carbohydrates in the flesh of commercially cultivated stone fruits of the family Rosaceae are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - María V. Lara
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Giannina Vizzotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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46
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Multi-gene metabolic engineering of tomato plants results in increased fruit yield up to 23%. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17219. [PMID: 33057137 PMCID: PMC7560729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to assimilate carbon and nitrogen, to transport the resultant sugars and amino acids to sink tissues, and to convert the incoming sugars and amino acids into storage compounds in the sink tissues, are key determinants of crop yield. Given that all of these processes have the potential to co-limit growth, multiple genetic interventions in source and sink tissues, plus transport processes may be necessary to reach the full yield potential of a crop. We used biolistic combinatorial co-transformation (up to 20 transgenes) for increasing C and N flows with the purpose of increasing tomato fruit yield. We observed an increased fruit yield of up to 23%. To better explore the reconfiguration of metabolic networks in these transformants, we generated a dataset encompassing physiological parameters, gene expression and metabolite profiling on plants grown under glasshouse or polytunnel conditions. A Sparse Partial Least Squares regression model was able to explain the combination of genes that contributed to increased fruit yield. This combinatorial study of multiple transgenes targeting primary metabolism thus offers opportunities to probe the genetic basis of metabolic and phenotypic variation, providing insight into the difficulties in choosing the correct combination of targets for engineering increased fruit yield.
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47
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Minen RI, Martinez MP, Iglesias AA, Figueroa CM. Biochemical characterization of recombinant UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase and galactinol synthase from Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:780-788. [PMID: 32866791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose (Raf) protects plant cells during seed desiccation and under different abiotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of Raf starts with the production of UDP-galactose by UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPPase) and continues with the synthesis of galactinol by galactinol synthase (GolSase). Galactinol is then used by Raf synthase to produce Raf. In this work, we report the biochemical characterization of USPPase (BdiUSPPase) and GolSase 1 (BdiGolSase1) from Brachypodium distachyon. The catalytic efficiency of BdiUSPPase was similar with galactose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate, but 5- to 17-fold lower with other sugar 1-phosphates. The catalytic efficiency of BdiGolSase1 with UDP-galactose was three orders of magnitude higher than with UDP-glucose. A structural model of BdiGolSase1 allowed us to determine the residues putatively involved in the binding of substrates. Among these, we found that Cys261 lies within the putative catalytic pocket. BdiGolSase1 was inactivated by oxidation with diamide and H2O2. The activity of the diamide-oxidized enzyme was recovered by reduction with dithiothreitol or E. coli thioredoxin, suggesting that BdiGolSase1 is redox-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina I Minen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María P Martinez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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48
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Hu L, Zhou K, Ren G, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Gong X, Ma F. Myo-inositol mediates reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death via salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent pathways in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32922810 PMCID: PMC7459343 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a versatile compound, myo-inositol plays vital roles in plant biochemistry and physiology. We previously showed that exogenous application of myo-inositol had a positive role in salinity tolerance in Malus hupehensis Rehd. In this study, we used MdMIPS (the rate-limiting gene of myo-inositol biosynthesis) transgenic apple lines to gain new insights into the physiological role of myo-inositol in apple. Decreasing myo-inositol biosynthesis in apple lines by RNA silencing of MdMIPS1/2 led to extensive programmed cell death, which manifested as necrosis of both the leaves and roots and, ultimately, plant death. Necrosis was directly caused by the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may be closely associated with the cell wall polysaccharide-mediated increase in salicylic acid and a compromised antioxidant system, and this process was enhanced by an increase in ethylene production. In addition, a high accumulation of sorbitol promoted necrosis. This synergetic interplay between salicylic acid and ethylene was further supported by the fact that increased myo-inositol accumulation significantly delayed leaf senescence in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple lines. Taken together, our results indicated that apple myo-inositol regulates reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death through salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Guijin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yangtiansu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Witzel K, Matros A. Fructans Are Differentially Distributed in Root Tissues of Asparagus. Cells 2020; 9:E1943. [PMID: 32842694 PMCID: PMC7565981 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin- and neoseries-type fructans [fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructopolysaccharides] accumulate in storage roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), which continue to grow throughout the lifespan of this perennial plant. However, little is known about the storage of fructans at the spatial level in planta, and the degree of control by the plant is largely uncertain. We have utilized mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to resolve FOS distribution patterns in asparagus roots (inner, middle, and outer tissues). Fructan and proteome profiling were further applied to validate the differential abundance of various fructan structures and to correlate observed tissue-specific metabolite patterns with the abundance of related fructan biosynthesis enzymes. Our data revealed an increased abundance of FOS with higher degree of polymerization (DP > 5) and of fructopolysaccharides (DP11 to DP17) towards the inner root tissues. Three isoforms of fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT), forming 6G-kestose with a β (2-6) linkage using sucrose as receptor and 1-kestose as donor, were similarly detected in all three root tissues. In contrast, one ß-fructofuranosidase, which likely exhibits fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) activity, showed very high abundance in the inner tissues and lower levels in the outer tissues. We concluded a tight induction of the biosynthesis of fructans with DP > 5, following a gradient from the outer root cortex to the inner vascular tissues, which also correlates with high levels of sucrose metabolism in inner tissues, observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, 14979 Brandenburg, Germany;
| | - Andrea Matros
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Food and Wine, School of Agriculture, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165885. [PMID: 32824325 PMCID: PMC7461573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel, efficient and environmentally friendly strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), for the purpose of reducing overall pesticide use. Fructans are recently emerging as promising “priming” compounds, standing out for their safety and low production costs. The objective of this work was to test a fructan-triggered defense in the leaves of apple seedlings. It was demonstrated that exogenous leaf spraying can reduce the development of apple scab disease symptoms. When evaluated macroscopically and by V. inaequalis-specific qPCR, levan-treated leaves showed a significant reduction of sporulation and V. inaequalis DNA in comparison to mock- and inulin-treated leaves, comparable to the levels in fosetyl-aluminum-treated leaves. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of in vitro mycelial growth of V. inaequalis on plates supplemented with levans when compared to controls, indicating a direct inhibition of fungal growth. Variations in endogenous sugar contents in the leaves were followed during priming and subsequent infection, revealing complex dynamics as a function of time and leaf ontogeny. Our data are discussed in view of the present theories on sugar signaling and fructan-based immunity, identifying areas for future research and highlighting the potential use of fructans in apple scab management in orchards.
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