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Wu B, Jia X, Zhu W, Gao Y, Tan K, Duan Y, Chen L, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu X, Xuan Y, Zhu X. Light signaling regulates root-knot nematode infection and development via HY5-SWEET signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:664. [PMID: 38992595 PMCID: PMC11238492 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes and causes tremendous losses to the agricultural economy. Light is an important living factor for plants and pathogenic organisms, and sufficient light promotes root-knot nematode infection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS Expression level and genetic analyses revealed that the photoreceptor genes PHY, CRY, and PHOT have a negative impact on nematode infection. Interestingly, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a downstream gene involved in the regulation of light signaling, is associated with photoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of root-knot nematode resistance. ChIP and yeast one-hybrid assays supported that HY5 participates in plant-to-root-knot nematode responses by directly binding to the SWEET negative regulatory factors involved in root-knot nematode resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the important role of light signaling pathways in plant resistance to nematodes, providing a new perspective for RKN resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Wu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueying Jia
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Gao
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kefei Tan
- Helongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China.
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Guang H, Xiaoyang G, Zhian W, Ye W, Peng W, Linfang S, Bingting W, Anhong Z, Fuguang L, Jiahe W. The cotton MYB33 gene is a hub gene regulating the trade-off between plant growth and defense in Verticillium dahliae infection. J Adv Res 2024; 61:1-17. [PMID: 37648022 PMCID: PMC11258673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sessile plants engage in trade-offs between growth and defense capacity in response to fluctuating environmental cues. MYB is an important transcription factor that plays many important roles in controlling plant growth and defense. However, the mechanism behind how it keeps a balance between these two physiological processes is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Our work focuses on the dissection of the molecular mechanism by which GhMYB33 regulates plant growth and defense. METHODS The CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to generate mutants for deciphering GhMYB33 functions. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementary imaging, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to prove that proteins interact with each other. We used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid, and luciferase activity assays to analyze GhMYB33 acting as a promoter. A β-glucuronidase fusion reporter and 5' RNA ligase mediated amplification of cDNA ends analysis showed that ghr-miR319c directedly cleaved the GhMYB33 mRNA. RESULTS Overexpressing miR319c-resistant GhMYB33 (rGhMYB33) promoted plant growth, accompanied by a significant decline in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Conversely, its knockout mutant, ghmyb33, demonstrated growth restriction and concomitant augmentation of V. dahliae resistance. GhMYB33 was found to couple with the DELLA protein GhGAI1 and bind to the specific cis-elements of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1 promoters, thereby modulating internode elongation and plant resistance in V. dahliae infection. The ghr-miR319c was discovered to target and suppress GhMYB33 expression. The overexpression of ghr-miR319c led to enhanced plant resistance and a simultaneous reduction in plant height. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GhMYB33 encodes a hub protein and controls the expression of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1, implicating a pivotal role for the miR319c-MYB33 module to regulate the trade-offs between plant growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ge Xiaoyang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Zhian
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Wang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shi Linfang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Bingting
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhang Anhong
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wu Jiahe
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Huerta-Venegas PI, Raya-González J, Ruíz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J. PHYTOCHROME A controls the DNA damage response and cell death tolerance within the Arabidopsis root meristem. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1513-1525. [PMID: 38251425 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage response avoids mutations into dividing cells. Here, we analysed the role of photoreceptors on the restriction of root growth imposed by genotoxic agents and its relationship with cell viability and performance of meristems. Comparison of root growth of Arabidopsis WT, phyA-211, phyB-9, and phyA-211phyB-9 double mutants unveiled a critical role for phytochrome A (PhyA) in protecting roots from genotoxic stress, regeneration and cell replenishment in the meristematic zone. PhyA was located on primary root tips, where it influences genes related to the repair of DNA, including ERF115 and RAD51. Interestingly, phyA-211 mutants treated with zeocin failed to induce the expression of the repressor of cell cycle MYB3R3, which correlated with expression of the mitotic cyclin CycB1, suggesting that PhyA is required for safeguarding the DNA integrity during cell division. Moreover, the growth of the primary roots of PhyA downstream component HY5 and root growth analyses in darkness suggest that cell viability and DNA damage responses within root meristems may act independently from light and photomorphogenesis. These data support novel roles for PhyA as a key player for stem cell niche maintenance and DNA damage responses, which are critical for proper root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Iván Huerta-Venegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Javier Raya-González
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - León Francisco Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Bernacki MJ, Rusaczonek A, Gołębiewska K, Majewska-Fala AB, Czarnocka W, Karpiński SM. METACASPASE8 (MC8) Is a Crucial Protein in the LSD1-Dependent Cell Death Pathway in Response to Ultraviolet Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3195. [PMID: 38542169 PMCID: PMC10970217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
LESION-SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) is one of the well-known cell death regulatory proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lsd1 mutant exhibits runaway cell death (RCD) in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The phenotype of the lsd1 mutant strongly depends on two other proteins, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) as well as on the synthesis/metabolism/signaling of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the most interesting aspect of the lsd1 mutant is its conditional-dependent RCD phenotype, and thus, the defined role and function of LSD1 in the suppression of EDS1 and PAD4 in controlled laboratory conditions is different in comparison to a multivariable field environment. Analysis of the lsd1 mutant transcriptome in ambient laboratory and field conditions indicated that there were some candidate genes and proteins that might be involved in the regulation of the lsd1 conditional-dependent RCD phenotype. One of them is METACASPASE 8 (AT1G16420). This type II metacaspase was described as a cell death-positive regulator induced by UV-C irradiation and ROS accumulation. In the double mc8/lsd1 mutant, we discovered reversion of the lsd1 RCD phenotype in response to UV radiation applied in controlled laboratory conditions. This cell death deregulation observed in the lsd1 mutant was reverted like in double mutants of lsd1/eds1 and lsd1/pad4. To summarize, in this work, we demonstrated that MC8 is positively involved in EDS1 and PAD4 conditional-dependent regulation of cell death when LSD1 function is suppressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, we identified a new protein compound of the conditional LSD1-EDS1-PAD4 regulatory hub. We proposed a working model of MC8 involvement in the regulation of cell death and we postulated that MC8 is a crucial protein in this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Kinga Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Agata Barbara Majewska-Fala
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Stanisław Mariusz Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
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Yang Y, Li Y, Guang Y, Lin J, Zhou Y, Yu T, Ding F, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Dang F. Red light induces salicylic acid accumulation by activating CaHY5 to enhance pepper resistance against Phytophthora capsici. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad213. [PMID: 38046851 PMCID: PMC10689078 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is frequently challenged by various pathogens, among which Phytophthora capsici is the most devastating to pepper production. Red light signal acts as a positive induction of plant resistance against multiple pathogens. However, little is known about how the red light signal affects pepper resistance to P. capsici infection (PCI). Here, we report that red light regulates salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by activating elongated hypocotyl5 (CaHY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, thereby decreasing pepper susceptibility to PCI. Exogenous SA treatment reduced pepper susceptibility to PCI, while silencing of CaPHYB (a red light photoreceptor) increased its susceptibility. PCI significantly induced CaHY5 expression, and silencing of CaHY5 reduced SA accumulation, accompanied by decreases in the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (CaPAL3), CaPAL7, pathogenesis-related 1 (CaPR1), and CaPR1L, which finally resulted in higher susceptibility of pepper to PCI. Moreover, CaHY5 was found to activate the expression of CaPAL3 and CaPAL7, which are essential for SA biosynthesis, by directly binding to their promoters. Further analysis revealed that exogenous SA treatment could restore the resistance of CaHY5-silenced pepper plants to PCI. Collectively, this study reveals a critical mechanism through which red light induces SA accumulation by regulating CaHY5-mediated CaPAL3 and CaPAL7 expression, leading to enhanced resistance to PCI. Moreover, red light-induced CaHY5 regulates pepper resistance to PCI, which may have implications for PCI control in protected vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural science, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengfeng Dang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
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6
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Zhou Y, Li G, Han G, Mao S, Yang L, Wang Y. Novel Mechanisms Underlying Rubber Accumulation and Programmed Cell Death in Laticiferous Canals of Decaisnea insignis Fruits: Cytological and Transcriptomic Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3497. [PMID: 37836237 PMCID: PMC10575083 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber is one of the most important industrial raw materials, and its biosynthesis is still a fascinating process that is still largely unknown. In this research, we studied Decaisnea insignis, a unique rubber-producing plant that is different from other rubber-producing species due to the presence of lactiferous canals in its pericarp. The present study aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying rubber accumulation and PCD by subjecting the Decaisnea insignis laticiferous canals to light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and DAPI staining, as well as viability analysis, cellular ultrastructure analysis, and molecular analysis using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and transcriptome sequencing. At the cellular level, the origin of small rubber particles in the laticiferous canals had no morphological correlation with other organelles, and these particles were freely produced in the cytosol. The volume of the rubber particles increased at the sunken and expanding stage, which were identified as having the characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD); meanwhile, plenty of the rubber precursors or rubber particles were engulfed by the vacuoles, indicating a vacuole-mediated autophagy process. The accumulation of rubber particles occurred after the degeneration of protoplasts, suggesting a close association between rubber biosynthesis and PCD. The molecular analysis revealed the expression patterns of key genes involved in rubber biosynthesis. The upstream genes DiIPP, DiFPP, and DiGGPPS showed a decreasing trend during fruit ripening, while DiHRT, which is responsible for rubber particle extension, exhibited the highest expression level during the rubber particle formation. Moreover, the transcription factors related to PCD, DiLSD1, and DiLOL2 showed a negative correlation with the expression pattern of DiHRT, thus exhibiting strict rules of sequential expression during rubber biosynthesis. Additionally, the expression trends of DiXCP1 and DiCEP1, which act as proteases during PCD, were positively correlated with DiGGPPS expression. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the autophagic PCD may play a crucial role in rubber accumulation in D. insignis. Further research is still needed to fully understand the complex regulatory network underlying rubber biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Zhou
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Gen Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guijun Han
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shaoli Mao
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
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Lihavainen J, Šimura J, Bag P, Fataftah N, Robinson KM, Delhomme N, Novák O, Ljung K, Jansson S. Salicylic acid metabolism and signalling coordinate senescence initiation in aspen in nature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4288. [PMID: 37463905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes grown in same location. By integrating omics studies, we demonstrate that aspen genotypes utilize similar transcriptional cascades and metabolic cues to initiate senescence, but at different times during autumn. The timing of autumn senescence initiation appeared to be controlled by two consecutive "switches"; 1) first the environmental variation induced the rewiring of the transcriptional network, stress signalling pathways and metabolic perturbations and 2) the start of senescence process was defined by the ability of the genotype to activate and sustain stress tolerance mechanisms mediated by salicylic acid. We propose that salicylic acid represses the onset of leaf senescence in stressful natural conditions, rather than promoting it as often observed in annual plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nazeer Fataftah
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Megan Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden.
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Mankotia S, Singh D, Monika K, Kalra M, Meena H, Meena V, Yadav RK, Pandey AK, Satbhai SB. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates BRUTUS and affects iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1267-1284. [PMID: 36920240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals. Fe-limitation significantly reduces crop yield and adversely impacts on human nutrition. Owing to limited bioavailability of Fe in soil, plants have adapted different strategies that not only regulate Fe-uptake and homeostasis but also bring modifications in root system architecture to enhance survival. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the root growth responses will have critical implications for plant breeding. Fe-uptake is regulated by a cascade of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in plants. In this study, we report that HY5 (Elongated Hypocotyl 5), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of TFs, plays an important role in the Fe-deficiency signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The hy5 mutant failed to mount optimum Fe-deficiency responses, and displayed root growth defects under Fe-limitation. Our analysis revealed that the induction of the genes involved in Fe-uptake pathway (FIT-FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, FRO2-FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE 2 and IRT1-IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1) is reduced in the hy5 mutant as compared with the wild-type plants under Fe-deficiency. Moreover, we also found that the expression of coumarin biosynthesis genes is affected in the hy5 mutant under Fe-deficiency. Our results also showed that HY5 negatively regulates BRUTUS (BTS) and POPEYE (PYE). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed direct binding of HY5 to the promoters of BTS, FRO2 and PYE. Altogether, our results showed that HY5 plays an important role in the regulation of Fe-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Mankotia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Dhriti Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kumari Monika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Muskan Kalra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Himani Meena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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Wang L, Wu X, Xing Q, Zhao Y, Yu B, Ma Y, Wang F, Qi H. PIF8-WRKY42-mediated salicylic acid synthesis modulates red light induced powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1726-1742. [PMID: 36759948 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Light signals and plant hormones are involved in regulating the growth, development and stress resistance of plants; however, it remains unclear whether light affects hormones and thus pathogen resistance in oriental melon. Here, we found that red light promoted salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and powdery mildew resistance by activating the transcription of CmICS, the key gene for SA biosynthesis, and silencing CmICS seriously weakened the induction effect of red light on powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon leaves. Further studies showed that red light induced the expression of CmWRKY42 under powdery mildew stress, and CmWRKY42 directly bound to the CmICS promoter to activate its expression and promote the accumulation of SA under red light. Furthermore, we found that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8), as a negative regulator of SA biosynthesis, inhibits CmWRKY42 transcriptional activation by binding to the CmWRKY42 promoter, and thus inhibits transcriptional activation of CmICS by CmWRKY42. Also, CmPIF8 binds to the CmICS promoter and directly inhibits its transcription. In conclusion, our study revealed a new molecular mechanism of the relationship between red light-SA-powdery mildew resistance and provided a theoretical basis for resistance breeding of oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xutong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaojuan Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
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10
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D’Orso F, Hill L, Appelhagen I, Lawrenson T, Possenti M, Li J, Harwood W, Morelli G, Martin C. Exploring the metabolic and physiological roles of HQT in S. lycopersicum by gene editing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124959. [PMID: 37063176 PMCID: PMC10102458 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant phenolic compound in Solanaceous plants is chlorogenic acid (CGA), which possesses protective properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These properties are particularly relevant when plants are under adverse conditions, such as pathogen attack, excess light, or extreme temperatures that cause oxidative stress. Additionally, CGA has been shown to absorb UV-B light. In tomato and potato, CGA is mainly produced through the HQT pathway mediated by the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase. However, the absence of natural or induced mutants of this gene has made it unclear whether other pathways contribute to CGA production and accumulation. To address this question, we used CRISPR technology to generate multiple knock-out mutant lines in the tomato HQT gene. The resulting slhqt plants did not accumulate CGA or other caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) in various parts of the plant, indicating that CQA biosynthesis depends almost entirely on the HQT pathway in tomato and, likely, other Solanaceous crops. We also found that the lack of CGA in slhqt plants led to higher levels of hydroxycinnamoyl-glucose and flavonoids compared to wild-type plants. Gene expression analysis revealed that this metabolic reorganization was partly due to flux redirection, but also involved modulation of important transcription factor genes that regulate secondary metabolism and sense environmental conditions. Finally, we investigated the physiological role of CGA in tomato and found that it accumulates in the upper epidermis where it acts as a protector against UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D’Orso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Rome, Italy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Appelhagen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lawrenson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Possenti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Rome, Italy
| | - Jie Li
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Rome, Italy
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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11
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Breen S, McLellan H, Birch PRJ, Gilroy EM. Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043803. [PMID: 36835216 PMCID: PMC9958957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth-defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth signaling can negatively regulate defenses and where defense signaling can inhibit growth. Light perception by various photoreceptors has a major role in the control of growth and thus many points where it can influence defense. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate defense signaling in their hosts. Evidence is emerging that some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Several effectors from different kingdoms of life have converged on key chloroplast processes to take advantage of regulatory crosstalk. Moreover, plant pathogens also perceive and react to light in complex ways to regulate their own growth, development, and virulence. Recent work has shown that varying light wavelengths may provide a novel way of controlling or preventing disease outbreaks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Breen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Eleanor M. Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1382568827
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12
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Yang J, Qu X, Li T, Gao Y, Du H, Zheng L, Ji M, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Hu J, Liu L, Lu Z, Yang Z, Zhang H, Yang J, Jiao Y, Zheng X. HY5-HDA9 orchestrates the transcription of HsfA2 to modulate salt stress response in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:45-63. [PMID: 36165397 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of light signaling and diverse abiotic stress responses contribute to plant survival in a changing environment. Some reports have indicated that light signals contribute a plant's ability to deal with heat, cold, and stress. However, the molecular link between light signaling and the salt-response pathways remains unclear. We demonstrate here that increasing light intensity elevates the salt stress tolerance of plants. Depletion of HY5, a key component of light signaling, causes Arabidopsis thaliana to become salinity sensitive. Interestingly, the small heat shock protein (sHsp) family genes are upregulated in hy5-215 mutant plants, and HsfA2 is commonly involved in the regulation of these sHsps. We found that HY5 directly binds to the G-box motifs in the HsfA2 promoter, with the cooperation of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9), to repress its expression. Furthermore, the accumulation of HDA9 and the interaction between HY5 and HDA9 are significantly enhanced by salt stress. On the contrary, high temperature triggers HY5 and HDA9 degradation, which leads to dissociation of HY5-HDA9 from the HsfA2 promoter, thereby reducing salt tolerance. Under salt and heat stress conditions, fine tuning of protein accumulation and an interaction between HY5 and HDA9 regulate HsfA2 expression. This implies that HY5, HDA9, and HsfA2 play important roles in the integration of light signaling with salt stress and heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yixiang Gao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haonan Du
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lanjie Zheng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Manchun Ji
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Paifeng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinxin Hu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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13
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Zhang C, Li N, Hu Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Tan Y, Sun Q, Liu X, Xiao L, Wang W, Wang R. Mutation of Leaf Senescence 1 Encoding a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Induces ROS Accumulation and Accelerates Leaf Senescence in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214464. [PMID: 36430940 PMCID: PMC9696409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence of leaves causes a reduced yield and quality of rice by affecting plant growth and development. The regulatory mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence are still unclear. The Leaf senescence 1 (LS1) gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this study, we constructed a rice mutant named leaf senescence 1 (ls1) with a premature leaf senescence phenotype using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the LS1 gene. The ls1 mutants exhibited premature leaf senescence and reduced chlorophyll content. The expression levels of LS1 were higher in mature or senescent leaves than that in young leaves. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased and catalase (CAT) activity was remarkably reduced in the ls1 plants. Furthermore, a faster decrease in pigment content was detected in mutants than that in WT upon induction of complete darkness. TUNEL and staining experiments indicated severe DNA degradation and programmed cell death in the ls1 mutants, which suggested that excessive ROS may lead to leaf senescence and cell death in ls1 plants. Additionally, an RT-qPCR analysis revealed that most senescence-associated and ROS-scavenging genes were upregulated in the ls1 mutants compared with the WT. Collectively, our findings revealed that LS1 might regulate leaf development and function, and that disruption of LS1 function promotes ROS accumulation and accelerates leaf senescence and cell death in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhongxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuanyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yanning Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
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14
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Light Intensity- and Spectrum-Dependent Redox Regulation of Plant Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071311. [PMID: 35883801 PMCID: PMC9312225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light intensity and spectrum (280–800 nm) affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport. ROS, together with antioxidants, determine the redox environment in tissues and cells, which in turn has a major role in the adjustment of metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. This process is very important since there are great spatial (latitude, altitude) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light conditions which are accompanied by fluctuations in temperature, water supply, and biotic stresses. The blue and red spectral regimens are decisive in the regulation of metabolism because of the absorption maximums of chlorophylls and the sensitivity of photoreceptors. Based on recent publications, photoreceptor-controlled transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and changes in the cellular redox environment may have a major role in the coordinated fine-tuning of metabolic processes during changes in light conditions. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the light-associated redox control of basic metabolic pathways (carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, sulphur, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism), secondary metabolism (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and related molecular mechanisms. Light condition-related reprogramming of metabolism is the basis for proper growth and development of plants; therefore, its better understanding can contribute to more efficient crop production in the future.
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15
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Zhu Q, Wu YB, Chen M, Lu F, Sun K, Tang MJ, Zhang W, Bu YQ, Dai CC. Preinoculation with Endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris reduced rice bakanae disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum via enhanced plant resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1566-1580. [PMID: 35686661 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the control effect of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris B3 against rice bakanae disease (RBD) caused by Fusarium proliferatum and the disease control result of different inoculation times of beneficial micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Rice seedlings preinoculated, coinoculated and noninoculated with B3 were exposed to F. proliferatum stress and grown under controlled conditions. Greenhouse experimental results showed that rice preinoculation with B3 significantly reduced rice bakanae disease by 21.45%, inhibited the colonization of F. proliferatum, increased defence-related enzyme activities, upregulated the expression of defence genes and promoted plant photosynthesis. However, bakanae disease in rice coinoculation with B3 increased by 11.45%, resulted in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and plant cell death. CONCLUSIONS Preinoculation with the endophytic fungus P. liquidambaris B3 significantly reduced rice bakanae disease by triggering the SA-dependent defence pathways of plants, and promoted plant growth. However, coinoculatiton with P. liquidambaris B3 activated excessive defence responses, resulting in plants cell death and aggravation of bakanae disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study indicated that P. liquidambaris B3 was an effective method for agricultural control against rice bakanae disease caused by F. proliferatum, and provides an experimental basis for the development of sustainable endophytic fungal resources to effectively control plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, and suggests that precise application of beneficial micro-organisms may be become a key factor in farmland crop disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Man Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Pesticide Environment Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Zhang F, Fang H, Wang M, He F, Tao H, Wang R, Long J, Wang J, Wang GL, Ning Y. APIP5 functions as a transcription factor and an RNA-binding protein to modulate cell death and immunity in rice. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5064-5079. [PMID: 35524572 PMCID: PMC9122607 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) in animals bind to both DNA and mRNA, regulating transcription and mRNA turnover. However, whether plant TFs function at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels remains unknown. The rice (Oryza sativa) bZIP TF AVRPIZ-T-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 (APIP5) negatively regulates programmed cell death and blast resistance and is targeted by the effector AvrPiz-t of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We demonstrate that the nuclear localization signal of APIP5 is essential for APIP5-mediated suppression of cell death and blast resistance. APIP5 directly targets two genes that positively regulate blast resistance: the cell wall-associated kinase gene OsWAK5 and the cytochrome P450 gene CYP72A1. APIP5 inhibits OsWAK5 expression and thus limits lignin accumulation; moreover, APIP5 inhibits CYP72A1 expression and thus limits reactive oxygen species production and defense compounds accumulation. Remarkably, APIP5 acts as an RNA-binding protein to regulate mRNA turnover of the cell death- and defense-related genes OsLSD1 and OsRac1. Therefore, APIP5 plays dual roles, acting as TF to regulate gene expression in the nucleus and as an RNA-binding protein to regulate mRNA turnover in the cytoplasm, a previously unidentified regulatory mechanism of plant TFs at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Sheng M, Da L, Song Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Xu W, Su Z. Systems biology-based analysis indicates that PHO1;H10 positively modulates high light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. Genomics 2022; 114:110363. [PMID: 35398515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PHO1;H10 is a member of the PHO1 gene family with SPX and EXS domains, and its functions remain largely unknown. As shown in PCSD database, the upstream region of PHO1;H10 gene is in the active chromatin states, with high DHS accessibility and binding sites of multiple transcription factors, especially ABI5, SPCH and HY5. Co-expression network and data-mining analyses showed PHO1;H10 and co-expression genes were with activation under high light stress. We did wet-lab experiments, and found that the detached leaves of PHO1;H10 overexpression lines accumulated more anthocyanin than those of WT and mutant under high light treatment. RNA-seq results showed overexpression of PHO1;H10 up-regulated many anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The GSEA analysis result showed that the functional module related to anthocyanin pathway was significantly enriched. In summary, we conducted systems biology approach, combining dry- and wet-lab analyses, and discovered that PHO1;H10 might play an essential role during modulating high light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis detached leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen Q, Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhan Q, Liu K, Botella JR, Bai L, Song C. Abscisic acid-induced cytoplasmic translocation of constitutive photomorphogenic 1 enhances reactive oxygen species accumulation through the HY5-ABI5 pathway to modulate seed germination. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1474-1489. [PMID: 35199338 PMCID: PMC9311139 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a physiological process regulated by multiple factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) can inhibit seed germination to improve seedling survival under conditions of abiotic stress, and this process is often regulated by light signals. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is an upstream core repressor of light signals and is involved in several ABA responses. Here, we demonstrate that COP1 is a negative regulator of the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. Disruption of COP1 enhanced Arabidopsis seed sensitivity to ABA and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In seeds, ABA induced the translocation of COP1 to the cytoplasm, resulting in enhanced ABA-induced ROS levels. Genetic evidence indicated that HY5 and ABI5 act downstream of COP1 in the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. ABA-induced COP1 cytoplasmic localization increased HY5 and ABI5 protein levels in the nucleus, leading to increased expression of ABI5 target genes and ROS levels in seeds. Together, our results reveal that ABA-induced cytoplasmic translocation of COP1 activates the HY5-ABI5 pathway to promote the expression of ABA-responsive genes and the accumulation of ROS during ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. These findings enhance the role of COP1 in the ABA signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Wang
- Department of Biology and Food ScienceShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Qi‐Di Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Chun‐Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
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19
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Li M, Lee KP, Liu T, Dogra V, Duan J, Li M, Xing W, Kim C. Antagonistic modules regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes via GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2308-2324. [PMID: 34951648 PMCID: PMC8968271 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors drive the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) indispensable for chloroplast biogenesis. Salicylic acid (SA)-induced SIGMA FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SIB1), a transcription coregulator and positive regulator of cell death, interacts with GLK1 and GLK2 to reinforce the expression of PhANGs, leading to photoinhibition of photosystem II and singlet oxygen (1O2) burst in chloroplasts. 1O2 then contributes to SA-induced cell death via EXECUTER 1 (EX1; 1O2 sensor protein)-mediated retrograde signaling upon reaching a critical level. This earlier finding has initiated research on the potential role of GLK1/2 and EX1 in SA signaling. Consistent with this view, we reveal that LESION-SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), a transcription coregulator and negative regulator of SA-primed cell death, interacts with GLK1/2 to repress their activities in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Overexpression of LSD1 repressed GLK target genes, including PhANGs, whereas loss of LSD1 enhanced their expression. Remarkably, LSD1 overexpression inhibited chloroplast biogenesis, resembling the characteristic glk1glk2 double mutant phenotype. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with expression analyses further revealed that LSD1 inhibits the DNA-binding activity of GLK1 toward its target promoters. SA-induced nuclear-targeted SIB1 proteins appeared to interrupt the LSD1-GLK interaction, and the subsequent SIB1-GLK interaction activated EX1-mediated 1O2 signaling, elucidating antagonistic modules SIB1 and LSD1 in the regulation of GLK activity. Taken together, we provide a working model that SIB1 and LSD1, mutually exclusive SA-signaling components, antagonistically regulate GLK1/2 to fine-tune the expression of PhANGs, thereby modulating 1O2 homeostasis and related stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Jianli Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiman Xing
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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CabZIP23 Integrates in CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 Cascade and Turns CabZIP63 on Mounting Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum via Physical Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052656. [PMID: 35269798 PMCID: PMC8910381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 were previously found to be shared in the pepper defense response to high temperature stress (HTS) and to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI), forming a transcriptional cascade. However, how they activate the two distinct defense responses is not fully understood. Herein, using a revised genetic approach, we functionally characterized CabZIP23 in the CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 cascade and its context specific pepper immunity activation against RSI by interaction with CabZIP63. CabZIP23 was originally found by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to be an interacting protein of CabZIP63-GFP; it was upregulated by RSI and acted positively in pepper immunity against RSI by virus induced gene silencing in pepper plants, and transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), CabZIP23 was found to be directly regulated by CaWRKY40, and CabZIP63 was directly regulated by CabZIP23, forming a positive feedback loop. CabZIP23-CabZIP63 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) assays, which promoted CabZIP63 binding immunity related target genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1 and CaWRKY40, thereby enhancing pepper immunity against RSI, but not affecting the expression of thermotolerance related CaHSP24. All these data appear to show that CabZIP23 integrates in the CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 cascade and the context specifically turns it on mounting pepper immunity against RSI.
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21
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Huang F, Wu F, Yu M, Shabala S. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins: a missing link in controlling cell fate and plant adaptation to hostile environment? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:631-635. [PMID: 34661650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a tightly regulated genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide and eliminates cells that are either no longer needed or damaged/harmful. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins have recently emerged as a novel class of Ca2+-permeable channels that operate in plant immune responses. This viewpoint argues that the unique structure of this channel, its permeability to other cations, and specificity of its operation make it an ideal candidate to mediate cell signaling and adaptive responses not only to pathogens but also to a broad range of abiotic stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- College of Life and Oceanography Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Lu S, Chai L, Ye J, Deng X. Citrus transcription factor CsHB5 regulates abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and promotes senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:151-168. [PMID: 34414618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a gradual physiological process involving the integration of numerous internal and environmental signals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known inducer of senescence. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the citrus homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-ZIP I) transcription factor CsHB5 functions as a regulator of ABA-triggered senescence. CsHB5 acts as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, the expression of which appeared to be closely associated with citrus senescence. Overexpression of CsHB5 in citrus calli upregulated the expression of ABA- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, and significantly increased the content of ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), whereas silencing CsHB5 in citrus calli downregulated the expression of ABA-related genes. Additionally, heterogenous overexpression of CsHB5 in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leads to early leaf yellowing under dark-induced senescence conditions. Meanwhile, the levels of ABA and H2 O2 in transgenic tomatoes increased significantly and the lycopene content decreased. Transcriptome analysis of CsHB5-overexpressing citrus calli and tomato showed that CsHB5 was involved in multiple senescence-associated processes, including chlorophyll degradation, nutrient compound biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA and ROS signal transduction. The results of yeast one-hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays indicated that CsHB5 directly binds to the promoters of ABA biosynthetic genes, including β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (BCH1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), thereby activating their transcription. Our findings revealed that CsHB5 participates in senescence, at least partly, by directly controlling ABA accumulation. Our work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Chen S, Ma T, Song S, Li X, Fu P, Wu W, Liu J, Gao Y, Ye W, Dry IB, Lu J. Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxLL470 suppresses plant immunity by attenuating the DNA-binding activity of bZIP transcription factor HY5. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1562-1577. [PMID: 33586184 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis delivers diverse effector proteins into host plant cells to suppress the plant's innate immunity. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of action of a conserved RxLR effector, HaRxLL470, in suppressing plant immunity. Genomic, molecular and biochemical analyses were performed to investigate the function of HaRxLL470 and the mechanism of the interaction between HaRxLL470 and the target host protein during H. arabidopsidis infection. We report that HaRxLL470 enhances plant susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis isolate Noco2 by interacting with the host photomorphogenesis regulator protein HY5. Our results demonstrate that HY5 is not only an important component in the regulation of light signalling, but also positively regulates host plant immunity against H. arabidopsidis by transcriptional activation of defense-related genes. We show that the interaction between HaRxLL470 and HY5 compromises the function of HY5 as a transcription factor by attenuating its DNA-binding activity. The present study demonstrates that HY5 positively regulates host plant defense against H. arabidopsidis whereas HaRxLL470, a conserved RxLR effector across oomycete pathogens, enhances pathogenicity by interacting with HY5 and suppressing transcriptional activation of defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Chen
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shiren Song
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinlong Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peining Fu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ian B Dry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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24
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Bernacki MJ, Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Karpiński S. Salicylic Acid Accumulation Controlled by LSD1 Is Essential in Triggering Cell Death in Response to Abiotic Stress. Cells 2021; 10:962. [PMID: 33924244 PMCID: PMC8074770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is well known hormonal molecule involved in cell death regulation. In response to a broad range of environmental factors (e.g., high light, UV, pathogens attack), plants accumulate SA, which participates in cell death induction and spread in some foliar cells. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) is one of the best-known cell death regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lsd1 mutant, lacking functional LSD1 protein, accumulates SA and is conditionally susceptible to many biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to get more insight into the role of LSD1-dependent regulation of SA accumulation during cell death, we crossed the lsd1 with the sid2 mutant, caring mutation in ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1(ICS1) gene and having deregulated SA synthesis, and with plants expressing the bacterial nahG gene and thus decomposing SA to catechol. In response to UV A+B irradiation, the lsd1 mutant exhibited clear cell death phenotype, which was reversed in lsd1/sid2 and lsd1/NahG plants. The expression of PR-genes and the H2O2 content in UV-treated lsd1 were significantly higher when compared with the wild type. In contrast, lsd1/sid2 and lsd1/NahG plants demonstrated comparability with the wild-type level of PR-genes expression and H2O2. Our results demonstrate that SA accumulation is crucial for triggering cell death in lsd1, while the reduction of excessive SA accumulation may lead to a greater tolerance toward abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Cui Y, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Xia S, Ruan B, Xu Q, Yu X, Zhou T, Liu H, Zeng D, Zhang G, Gao Z, Hu J, Zhu L, Shen L, Guo L, Qian Q, Ren D. Disruption of EARLY LESION LEAF 1, encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, induces ROS accumulation and cell death in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:942-956. [PMID: 33190327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants (LMMs) provide a valuable tool to reveal the molecular mechanisms determining programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms behind PCD and the formation of lesions in various LMMs still remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, early lesion leaf 1 (ell1), cloned the causal gene by map-based cloning, and verified this by complementation. ELL1 encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and the ELL1 protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ell1 mutant exhibited decreased chlorophyll contents, serious chloroplast degradation, upregulated expression of chloroplast degradation-related genes, and attenuated photosynthetic protein activity, indicating that ELL1 is involved in chloroplast development. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to oxygen binding were differentially expressed in ell1 and wild-type plants; histochemistry and paraffin sectioning results indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and callose accumulated in the ell1 leaves, and the cell structure around the lesions was severely damaged, which indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated and cell death occurred in the mutant. TUNEL staining and comet experiments revealed that severe DNA degradation and abnormal PCD occurred in the ell1 mutants, which implied that excessive ROS accumulation may induce DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell death in the mutant. Additionally, lesion initiation in the ell1 mutant was light dependent and temperature sensitive. Our findings revealed that ELL1 affects chloroplast development or function, and that loss of ELL1 function induces ROS accumulation and lesion formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Cui
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Xia
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
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26
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Bulgakov VP, Koren OG. Basic Protein Modules Combining Abscisic Acid and Light Signaling in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808960. [PMID: 35046987 PMCID: PMC8762054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that plants use the complex signaling system regulated by light and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling components to optimize growth and development in different situations. The role of ABA-light interactions is evident in the coupling of stress defense reactions with seed germination and root development, maintaining of stem cell identity and stem cell specification, stem elongation and leaf development, flowering and fruit formation, senescence, and shade avoidance. All these processes are regulated jointly by the ABA-light signaling system. Although a lot of work has been devoted to ABA-light signal interactions, there is still no systematic description of central signaling components and protein modules, which jointly regulate plant development. New data have emerged to promote understanding of how ABA and light signals are integrated at the molecular level, representing an extensively growing area of research. This work is intended to fill existing gaps by using literature data combined with bioinformatics analysis.
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27
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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28
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Jiang J, Xiao Y, Chen H, Hu W, Zeng L, Ke H, Ditengou FA, Devisetty U, Palme K, Maloof J, Dehesh K. Retrograde Induction of phyB Orchestrates Ethylene-Auxin Hierarchy to Regulate Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1268-1280. [PMID: 32430463 PMCID: PMC7333703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exquisitely regulated plastid-to-nucleus communication by retrograde signaling pathways is essential for fine-tuning of responses to the prevailing environmental conditions. The plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) has emerged as a stress signal transduced into a diverse ensemble of response outputs. Here, we demonstrate enhanced phytochrome B protein abundance in red light-grown MEcPP-accumulating ceh1 mutant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants relative to wild-type seedlings. We further establish MEcPP-mediated coordination of phytochrome B with auxin and ethylene signaling pathways and uncover differential hypocotyl growth of red light-grown seedlings in response to these phytohormones. Genetic and pharmacological interference with ethylene and auxin pathways outlines the hierarchy of responses, placing ethylene epistatic to the auxin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings establish a key role of a plastidial retrograde metabolite in orchestrating the transduction of a repertoire of signaling cascades. This work positions plastids at the zenith of relaying information coordinating external signals and internal regulatory circuitry to secure organismal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Jiang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Franck A Ditengou
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Upendra Devisetty
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Julin Maloof
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Lee KP, Liu K, Kim EY, Medina-Puche L, Dong H, Duan J, Li M, Dogra V, Li Y, Lv R, Li Z, Lozano-Duran R, Kim C. PLANT NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE A and Its Putative Receptor PNP-R2 Antagonize Salicylic Acid-Mediated Signaling and Cell Death. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2237-2250. [PMID: 32409317 PMCID: PMC7346577 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant stress hormone salicylic acid (SA) participates in local and systemic acquired resistance, which eventually leads to whole-plant resistance to bacterial pathogens. However, if SA-mediated signaling is not appropriately controlled, plants incur defense-associated fitness costs such as growth inhibition and cell death. Despite its importance, to date only a few components counteracting the SA-primed stress responses have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These include other plant hormones such as jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, and proteins such as LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1, a transcription coregulator. Here, we describe PLANT NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE A (PNP-A), a functional analog to vertebrate atrial natriuretic peptides, that appears to antagonize the SA-mediated plant stress responses. While loss of PNP-A potentiates SA-mediated signaling, exogenous application of synthetic PNP-A or overexpression of PNP-A significantly compromises the SA-primed immune responses. Moreover, we identify a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like protein, PNP-R2, that interacts with PNP-A and is required to initiate the PNP-A-mediated intracellular signaling. In summary, our work identifies a peptide and its putative cognate receptor as counteracting both SA-mediated signaling and SA-primed cell death in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiwei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eun Yu Kim
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laura Medina-Puche
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haihong Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengping Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruiqing Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chaput V, Martin A, Lejay L. Redox metabolism: the hidden player in carbon and nitrogen signaling? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3816-3826. [PMID: 32064525 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While decades of research have considered redox metabolism as purely defensive, recent results show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for growth and development. Close relationships have been found between the regulation of nitrogen metabolism and ROS in response to both carbon and nitrogen availability. Root nitrate uptake and nitrogen metabolism have been shown to be regulated by a signal from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in response to carbon signaling. As a major source of NADP(H), the OPPP is critical to maintaining redox balance under stress situations. Furthermore, recent results suggest that at least part of the regulation of the root nitrate transporter by nitrogen signaling is also linked to the redox status of the plant. This leads to the question of whether there is a more general role of redox metabolism in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by carbon and nitrogen. This review highlights the role of the OPPP in carbon signaling and redox metabolism, and the interaction between redox and nitrogen metabolism. We discuss how redox metabolism could be an important player in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in response to carbon/nitrogen interaction and the implications for plant adaptation to extreme environments and future crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Chaput
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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31
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Conesa CM, Saez A, Navarro-Neila S, de Lorenzo L, Hunt AG, Sepúlveda EB, Baigorri R, Garcia-Mina JM, Zamarreño AM, Sacristán S, del Pozo JC. Alternative Polyadenylation and Salicylic Acid Modulate Root Responses to Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E251. [PMID: 32079121 PMCID: PMC7076428 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is probably the most important macronutrient and its scarcity limits plant growth, development and fitness. N starvation response has been largely studied by transcriptomic analyses, but little is known about the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in such response. In this work, we show that N starvation modifies poly(A) usage in a large number of transcripts, some of them mediated by FIP1, a component of the polyadenylation machinery. Interestingly, the number of mRNAs isoforms with poly(A) tags located in protein-coding regions or 5'-UTRs significantly increases in response to N starvation. The set of genes affected by APA in response to N deficiency is enriched in N-metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes, response to stresses, and hormone responses, among others. A hormone profile analysis shows that the levels of salicylic acid (SA), a phytohormone that reduces nitrate accumulation and root growth, increase significantly upon N starvation. Meta-analyses of APA-affected and fip1-2-deregulated genes indicate a connection between the nitrogen starvation response and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Genetic analyses show that SA may be important for preventing the overgrowth of the root system in low N environments. This work provides new insights on how plants interconnect different pathways, such as defense-related hormonal signaling and the regulation of genomic information by APA, to fine-tune the response to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Conesa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Polictécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angela Saez
- DTD Development and Technical Department, Timac Agro Spain, 31580 Lodosa, Navarra, Spain; (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
| | - Laura de Lorenzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA; (L.d.L.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Arthur G. Hunt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA; (L.d.L.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Edgar B. Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería CINVESTAV Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- DTD Development and Technical Department, Timac Agro Spain, 31580 Lodosa, Navarra, Spain; (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Jose M. Garcia-Mina
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (J.M.G.-M.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Angel M. Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (J.M.G.-M.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Polictécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan C. del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
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32
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An JP, Wang XF, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Bi SQ, You CX, Hao YJ. An Apple B-Box Protein MdBBX37 Modulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Hypocotyl Elongation Synergistically with MdMYBs and MdHY5. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:130-143. [PMID: 31550006 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important environment factor, light affects plant growth and development throughout life. B-BOX (BBX) proteins play key roles in the regulation of light signaling. Although the multiple roles of BBX proteins have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the research in apple is much less extensive. In this study, we systematically characterized the negative role of an apple BBX protein MdBBX37 in light signaling, including inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis and promoting hypocotyl elongation. We found that MdBBX37 interacted with MdMYB1 and MdMYB9, two key positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and inhibited the binding of those two proteins to their target genes and, therefore, negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, MdBBX37 directly bound to the promoter of MdHY5, a positive regulator of light signaling, and suppressed its expression, and thus relieved MdHY5-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. Taken together, our investigations suggest that MdBBX37 is a negative regulator of light signaling in apple. Our study will provide reference for further study on the functions of BBX proteins in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Si-Qi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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33
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Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Mittler R, Karpiński S. Biotechnological Potential of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 in the Improvement of Crops and Industrial Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E290. [PMID: 31426325 PMCID: PMC6724177 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lesion Simulating Disease 1 (LSD1), Enhanced Disease Susceptibility (EDS1) and Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) were discovered a quarter century ago as regulators of programmed cell death and biotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins are also required for acclimation responses to various abiotic stresses, such as high light, UV radiation, drought and cold, and that their function is mediated through secondary messengers, such as salicylic acid (SA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ethylene (ET) and other signaling molecules. Furthermore, LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 were recently shown to be involved in the modification of cell walls, and the regulation of seed yield, biomass production and water use efficiency. The function of these proteins was not only demonstrated in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, but also in the woody plant Populus tremula x tremuloides. In addition, orthologs of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 were found in other plant species, including different crop species. In this review, we focus on specific LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 features that make them potentially important for agricultural and industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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34
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Orthogonal regulation of phytochrome B abundance by stress-specific plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2904. [PMID: 31266952 PMCID: PMC6606753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant survival necessitates constant monitoring of fluctuating light and balancing growth demands with adaptive responses, tasks mediated via interconnected sensing and signaling networks. Photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) and plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) are evolutionarily conserved sensing and signaling components eliciting responses through unknown connection(s). Here, via a suppressor screen, we identify two phyB mutant alleles that revert the dwarf and high salicylic acid phenotypes of the high MEcPP containing mutant ceh1. Biochemical analyses show high phyB protein levels in MEcPP-accumulating plants resulting from reduced expression of phyB antagonists and decreased auxin levels. We show that auxin treatment negatively regulates phyB abundance. Additional studies identify CAMTA3, a MEcPP-activated calcium-dependent transcriptional regulator, as critical for maintaining phyB abundance. These studies provide insights into biological organization fundamentals whereby a signal from a single plastidial metabolite is transduced into an ensemble of regulatory networks controlling the abundance of phyB, positioning plastids at the information apex directing adaptive responses. MEcPP is an evolutionarily conserved metabolite that acts as a plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signal to regulate adaptive responses to fluctuating light. Here the authors show that MEcPP regulates seedling development by stabilizing the phyB photoreceptor in an auxin and Ca2+ dependent manner.
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35
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Liu W, Wang Y, Sun J, Jiang H, Xu H, Wang N, Jiang S, Fang H, Zhang Z, Wang YL, Chen X. MdMYBDL1 employed by MdHY5 increases anthocyanin accumulation via repression of MdMYB16/308 in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:32-40. [PMID: 31128702 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor affecting plant growth and development. Additionally, HY5 is a central factor that coordinates light signal transduction and regulates the expression of flower color-related genes. However, there are few reports describing the co-regulation of apple fruit coloration by MdHY5 and MYB transcription factors. In this study, we detected a light-inducible gene, MdMYBDL1, which encodes a MYB-like domain and is homologous to AtMYBD in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, we observed that MdHY5 binds to the G-box element of the MdMYBDL1 promoter to upregulate expression. The overexpression of MdMYBDL1 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli and inhibited the expression of MdMYB16 and its homolog, MdMYB308. Furthermore, MdMYB16 can form a dimer with MdMYB308 and functions as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Interestingly, MdMYB16 and MdMYB308 promoter activities were inhibited by MdMYBDL1 and MdHY5. These findings imply that MdHY5 responds to light signals and functions upstream of different types of MYB transcription factors, ultimately regulating anthocyanin accumulation in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Huiyan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Nan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
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36
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Bellegarde F, Maghiaoui A, Boucherez J, Krouk G, Lejay L, Bach L, Gojon A, Martin A. The Chromatin Factor HNI9 and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Maintain ROS Homeostasis under High Nitrogen Provision. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:582-592. [PMID: 30824566 PMCID: PMC6501088 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can accumulate in cells at excessive levels, leading to unbalanced redox states and to potential oxidative stress, which can have damaging effects on the molecular components of plant cells. Several environmental conditions have been described as causing an elevation of ROS production in plants. Consequently, activation of detoxification responses is necessary to maintain ROS homeostasis at physiological levels. Misregulation of detoxification systems during oxidative stress can ultimately cause growth retardation and developmental defects. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants grown in a high nitrogen (N) environment express a set of genes involved in detoxification of ROS that maintain ROS at physiological levels. We show that the chromatin factor HIGH NITROGEN INSENSITIVE9 (HNI9) is an important mediator of this response and is required for the expression of detoxification genes. Mutation in HNI9 leads to elevated ROS levels and ROS-dependent phenotypic defects under high but not low N provision. In addition, we identify ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 as a major transcription factor required for activation of the detoxification program under high N. Our results demonstrate the requirement of a balance between N metabolism and ROS production, and our work establishes major regulators required to control ROS homeostasis under conditions of excess N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bellegarde
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amel Maghiaoui
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jossia Boucherez
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Liên Bach
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Bieker S, Riester L, Doll J, Franzaring J, Fangmeier A, Zentgraf U. Nitrogen Supply Drives Senescence-Related Seed Storage Protein Expression in Rapeseed Leaves. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E72. [PMID: 30678241 PMCID: PMC6410074 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in old lower canopy leaves and younger higher canopy leaves [1]. Having a closer look at this transcriptome analyses, we identified the major classes of seed storage proteins (SSP) to be expressed in vegetative tissue, namely leaf and stem tissue. Expression of SSPs was not only dependent on the nitrogen supply but transcripts appeared to correlate with intracellular H₂O₂ contents, which functions as well-known signaling molecule in developmental senescence. The abundance of SSPs in leaf material transiently progressed from the oldest leaves to the youngest. Moreover, stems also exhibited short-term production of SSPs, which hints at an interim storage function. In order to decipher whether hydrogen peroxide also functions as a signaling molecule in nitrogen deficiency-induced senescence, we analyzed hydrogen peroxide contents after complete nitrogen depletion in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis plants. In both cases, hydrogen peroxide contents were lower in nitrogen deficient plants, indicating that at least parts of the developmental senescence program appear to be suppressed under nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bieker
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Riester
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Doll
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Franzaring
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Lv R, Li Z, Li M, Dogra V, Lv S, Liu R, Lee KP, Kim C. Uncoupled Expression of Nuclear and Plastid Photosynthesis-Associated Genes Contributes to Cell Death in a Lesion Mimic Mutant. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:210-230. [PMID: 30606779 PMCID: PMC6391704 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for the coupled expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and plastid genes (PhAPGs) to ensure the functional status of chloroplasts (Cp) in plants. Although various signaling components involved in the process have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the biological relevance of such coordination remains an enigma. Here, we show that the uncoupled expression of PhANGs and PhAPGs contributes to the cell death in the lesion simulating disease1 (lsd1) mutant of Arabidopsis. A daylength-dependent increase of salicylic acid (SA) appears to rapidly up-regulate a gene encoding SIGMA FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN1 (SIB1), a transcriptional coregulator, in lsd1 before the onset of cell death. The dual targeting of SIB1 to the nucleus and the Cps leads to a simultaneous up-regulation of PhANGs and down-regulation of PhAPGs. Consequently, this disrupts the stoichiometry of photosynthetic proteins, especially in PSII, resulting in the generation of the highly reactive species singlet oxygen (1O2) in Cps. Accordingly, inactivation of the nuclear-encoded Cp protein EXECUTER1, a putative 1O2 sensor, significantly attenuates the lsd1-conferred cell death. Together, these results provide a pathway from the SA- to the 1O2-signaling pathway, which are intertwined via the uncoupled expression of PhANGs and PhAPGs, contributing to the lesion-mimicking cell death in lsd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengping Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Marchetti CF, Škrabišová M, Galuszka P, Novák O, Causin HF. Blue light suppression alters cytokinin homeostasis in wheat leaves senescing under shading stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:647-657. [PMID: 30142601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Blue light (BL) suppression accelerates the senescence rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves exposed to shading. In order to study whether this effect involves the alteration of different cytokinin (CK) metabolites, CK-degradation, as well as the expression profile of genes responsible of CK-perception, -inactivation, -reactivation and/or -turnover, leaf segments of 30 day-old plants were placed in boxes containing bi-distilled water and covered with blue (B) or green (G) light filters, which supplied a similar irradiance but differed in the percentage of BL transmitted (G << B). A neutral (N) filter was used as control. When appropriate, different CK metabolites or an inhibitor of CK-degradation were added in order to alter the endogenous CK levels. A rapid decrement of trans-zeatin (tZ) and cis-zeatin (cZ) content was observed after leaf excision, which progressed at a higher rate in treatment G than in the control and B treatments. Senescence progression correlated with an accumulation of glycosylated forms (particularly cZ-derivatives), and an increment of CK-degradation, both of which were slowed in the presence of BL. On the contrary, CK-reactivation (analyzed through TaGLU1-3 expression) was delayed in the absence of BL. When different CK were exogenously supplied, tZ was the only natural free base capable to emulate the senescence-retarding effect of BL. Even though the signaling components involved in the regulation of senescence rate and CK-homeostasis by BL remain elusive, our data suggest that changes in the expression profile and/or functioning of the transcription factor HY5 might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia F Marchetti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region of Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University. Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc. Czech Republic.
| | - Mária Škrabišová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region of Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University. Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc. Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region of Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University. Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc. Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc. Czech Republic.
| | - Humberto F Causin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Experimental and Applied Biology (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology (DBBE), University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EGA, C.A.B.A. Argentina.
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40
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Veloso J, van Kan JAL. Many Shades of Grey in Botrytis-Host Plant Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:613-622. [PMID: 29724660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The grey mould Botrytis cinerea causes disease in more than 1000 plant species, including important crops. The interaction between Botrytis and its (potential) hosts is determined by quantitative susceptibility and virulence traits in both interacting partners, resulting in a greyscale of disease outcomes. Fungal infection was long thought to rely mainly on its capacity to kill the host plant and degrade plant tissue. Recent research has revealed that Botrytis exploits two crucial biological processes in host plants for its own success. We highlight recent findings that illustrate that the interactions between Botrytis and its host plants are subtle and we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the many shades of grey during these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Veloso
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jan A L van Kan
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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41
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Ha JH, Kim JH, Kim SG, Sim HJ, Lee G, Halitschke R, Baldwin IT, Kim JI, Park CM. Shoot phytochrome B modulates reactive oxygen species homeostasis in roots via abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:790-798. [PMID: 29570885 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Underground roots normally reside in darkness. However, they are often exposed to ambient light that penetrates through cracks in the soil layers which can occur due to wind, heavy rain or temperature extremes. In response to light exposure, roots produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promote root growth. It is known that ROS-induced growth promotion facilitates rapid escape of the roots from non-natural light. Meanwhile, long-term exposure of the roots to light elicits a ROS burst, which causes oxidative damage to cellular components, necessitating that cellular levels of ROS should be tightly regulated in the roots. Here we demonstrate that the red/far-red light photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) stimulates the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in the shoots, and notably the shoot-derived ABA signals induce a peroxidase-mediated ROS detoxification reaction in the roots. Accordingly, while ROS accumulate in the roots of the phyb mutant that exhibits reduced primary root growth in the light, such an accumulation of ROS did not occur in the dark-grown phyb roots that exhibited normal growth. These observations indicate that mobile shoot-to-root ABA signaling links shoot phyB-mediated light perception with root ROS homeostasis to help roots adapt to unfavorable light exposure. We propose that ABA-mediated shoot-to-root phyB signaling contributes to the synchronization of shoot and root growth for optimal propagation and performance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam, 52834, Korea
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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42
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Matuszkiewicz M, Sobczak M, Cabrera J, Escobar C, Karpiński S, Filipecki M. The Role of Programmed Cell Death Regulator LSD1 in Nematode-Induced Syncytium Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:314. [PMID: 29616052 PMCID: PMC5868158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyst-forming plant-parasitic nematodes are common pests of many crops. They inject secretions into host cells to induce the developmental and metabolic reprogramming that leads to the formation of a syncytium, which is the sole food source for growing nematodes. As in other host-parasite models, avirulence leads to rapid and local programmed cell death (PCD) known as the hypersensitive response (HR), whereas in the case of virulence, PCD is still observed but is limited to only some cells. Several regulators of PCD were analyzed to understand the role of PCD in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Thus, Arabidopsis plants carrying recessive mutations in LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) family genes were subjected to nematode infection assays with juveniles of Heterodera schachtii. LSD1 is a negative and conditional regulator of PCD, and fewer and smaller syncytia were induced in the roots of lsd1 mutants than in wild-type Col-0 plants. Mutation in LSD ONE LIKE2 (LOL2) revealed a pattern of susceptibility to H. schachtii antagonistic to lsd1. Syncytia induced on lsd1 roots compared to Col0 showed significantly retarded growth, modified cell wall structure, increased vesiculation, and some myelin-like bodies present at 7 and 12 days post-infection. To place these data in a wider context, RNA-sequencing analysis of infected and uninfected roots was conducted. During nematode infection, the number of transcripts with changed expression in lsd1 was approximately three times smaller than in wild-type plants (1440 vs. 4206 differentially expressed genes, respectively). LSD1-dependent PCD in roots is thus a highly regulated process in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Two genes identified in this analysis, coding for AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8F and 8H were down-regulated in syncytia in the presence of LSD1 and showed an increased susceptibility to nematode infection contrasting with lsd1 phenotype. Our data indicate that molecular regulators belonging to the LSD1 family play an important role in precise balancing of diverse PCD players during syncytium development required for successful nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Stanislaw Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Xiao G, Zhou J, Lu X, Huang R, Zhang H. Excessive UDPG resulting from the mutation of UAP1 causes programmed cell death by triggering reactive oxygen species accumulation and caspase-like activity in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:332-343. [PMID: 28967675 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are valuable to unravel the mechanisms governing the programmed cell death (PCD) process. Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose-glucose (UDPG) functions as a signaling molecule activating multiple pathways in animals, but little is known about its function in plants. Two novel allelic mutants of spl29 with typical PCD characters and reduced pollen viability were obtained by ethane methyl sulfonate mutagenesis in rice cv Kitaake. The enzymatic analyses showed that UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1) irreversibly catalyzed the decomposition of UDPG. Its activity was severely destroyed and caused excessive UDPG accumulation, with the lesion occurrence associated with the enhanced caspase-like activities in spl29-2. At the transcriptional level, several key genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response were abnormally expressed. Moreover, exogenous UDPG could aggravate lesion initiation and development in spl29-2. Importantly, exogenous UDPG and its derivative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lesion mimics in Kitaake seedlings. These results suggest that the excessive accumulation of UDPG, caused by the mutation of UAP1, was a key biochemical event resulting in the lesion mimics in spl29-2. Thus, our findings revealed that UDPG might be an important component involved in ROS accumulation, PCD execution and lesion mimicking in rice, which also provided new clues for investigating the connection between sugar metabolism and PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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44
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Sinclair SA, Larue C, Bonk L, Khan A, Castillo-Michel H, Stein RJ, Grolimund D, Begerow D, Neumann U, Haydon MJ, Krämer U. Etiolated Seedling Development Requires Repression of Photomorphogenesis by a Small Cell-Wall-Derived Dark Signal. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3403-3418.e7. [PMID: 29103938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Etiolated growth in darkness or the irreversible transition to photomorphogenesis in the light engages alternative developmental programs operating across all organs of a plant seedling. Dark-grown Arabidopsis de-etiolated by zinc (dez) mutants exhibit morphological, cellular, metabolic, and transcriptional characteristics of light-grown seedlings. We identify the causal mutation in TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE encoding a putative acyl transferase. Pectin acetylation is decreased in dez, as previously found in the reduced wall acetylation2-3 mutant, shown here to phenocopy dez. Moreover, pectin of dez is excessively methylesterified. The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, and tetra-galacturonate, restores skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dez and similar mutants, suggesting that the mutants are unable to generate these de-methylesterified pectin fragments. In combination with genetic data, we propose a model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types, which contain overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development and communicate via a pectin-derived dark signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sinclair
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Camille Larue
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Bonk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Geobotany, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Asif Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- ID21 Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Ricardo J Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Geobotany, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Haydon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Czarnocka W, Van Der Kelen K, Willems P, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Shahnejat-Bushehri S, Balazadeh S, Rusaczonek A, Mueller-Roeber B, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. The dual role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and transcription regulator. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2644-2662. [PMID: 28555890 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery over two decades ago as an important cell death regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana, the role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) has been studied intensively within both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as with respect to plant fitness regulation. However, its molecular mode of action remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that nucleo-cytoplasmic LSD1 interacts with a broad range of other proteins that are engaged in various molecular pathways such as ubiquitination, methylation, cell cycle control, gametogenesis, embryo development and cell wall formation. The interaction of LSD1 with these partners is dependent on redox status, as oxidative stress significantly changes the quantity and types of LSD1-formed complexes. Furthermore, we show that LSD1 regulates the number and size of leaf mesophyll cells and affects plant vegetative growth. Importantly, we also reveal that in addition to its function as a scaffold protein, LSD1 acts as a transcriptional regulator. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LSD1 plays a dual role within the cell by acting as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and as a transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sara Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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46
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Homeostasis-altering molecular processes as mechanisms of inflammasome activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:208-214. [PMID: 28163301 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system uses a distinct set of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate downstream inflammatory cascades. This recognition system is in stark contrast to the adaptive immune system, which relies on highly variable, randomly generated antigen receptors. A key limitation of the innate immune system's reliance on fixed PRRs is its inflexibility in responding to rapidly evolving pathogens. Recent advances in our understanding of inflammasome activation suggest that the innate immune system also has sophisticated mechanisms for responding to pathogens for which there is no fixed PRR. This includes the recognition of debris from dying cells, known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can directly activate PRRs in a similar manner to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Distinct from this, emerging data for the inflammasome components NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3) and pyrin suggest that they do not directly detect molecular patterns, but instead act as signal integrators that are capable of detecting perturbations in cytoplasmic homeostasis, for example, as initiated by infection. Monitoring these perturbations, which we term 'homeostasis-altering molecular processes' (HAMPs), provides potent flexibility in the capacity of the innate immune system to detect evolutionarily novel infections; however, HAMP sensing may also underlie the sterile inflammation that drives chronic inflammatory diseases.
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An JP, Qu FJ, Yao JF, Wang XN, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. The bZIP transcription factor MdHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and nitrate assimilation in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17023. [PMID: 28611922 PMCID: PMC5461414 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor HY5 plays a multifaceted role in plant growth and development. Here the apple MdHY5 gene was cloned based on its homology with Arabidopsis HY5. Expression analysis demonstrated that MdHY5 transcription was induced by light and abscisic acid treatments. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression assays subsequently showed that MdHY5 positively regulated both its own transcription and that of MdMYB10 by binding to E-box and G-box motifs, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained transgenic apple calli that overexpressed the MdHY5 gene, and apple calli coloration assays showed that MdHY5 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by regulating expression of the MdMYB10 gene and downstream anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. In addition, the transcript levels of a series of nitrate reductase genes and nitrate uptake genes in both wild-type and transgenic apple calli were detected. In association with increased nitrate reductase activities and nitrate contents, the results indicated that MdHY5 might be an important regulator in nutrient assimilation. Taken together, these results indicate that MdHY5 plays a vital role in anthocyanin accumulation and nitrate assimilation in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Jia Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Fang Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
- ()
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An 271018, Shandong, China
- ()
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Gangappa SN, Botto JF. The Multifaceted Roles of HY5 in Plant Growth and Development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1353-1365. [PMID: 27435853 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, inhibits hypocotyl growth and lateral root development, and promotes pigment accumulation in a light-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Recent research on its role in different processes such as hormone, nutrient, abiotic stress (abscisic acid, salt, cold), and reactive oxygen species signaling pathways clearly places HY5 at the center of a transcriptional network hub. HY5 regulates the transcription of a large number of genes by directly binding to cis-regulatory elements. Recently, HY5 has also been shown to activate its own expression under both visible and UV-B light. Moreover, HY5 acts as a signal that moves from shoot to root to promote nitrate uptake and root growth. Here, we review recent advances on HY5 research in diverse aspects of plant development and highlight still open questions that need to be addressed in the near future for a complete understanding of its function in plant signaling and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeramaiah N Gangappa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Javier F Botto
- IFEVA, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Carella P, Merl-Pham J, Wilson DC, Dey S, Hauck SM, Vlot AC, Cameron RK. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Phloem Exudates Collected during the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1495-510. [PMID: 27208255 PMCID: PMC4902610 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance SAR signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish SAR In this study, a proteomics approach was used to identify proteins that accumulate in phloem exudates in response to the induction of SAR To accomplish this, phloem exudates collected from mock-inoculated or SAR-induced leaves of wild-type Columbia-0 plants were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. Comparing mock- and SAR-induced phloem exudate proteomes, 16 proteins were enriched in phloem exudates collected from SAR-induced plants, while 46 proteins were suppressed. SAR-related proteins THIOREDOXIN h3, ACYL-COENZYME A-BINDING PROTEIN6, and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 were enriched in phloem exudates of SAR-induced plants, demonstrating the strength of this approach and suggesting a role for these proteins in the phloem during SAR To identify novel components of SAR, transfer DNA mutants of differentially abundant phloem proteins were assayed for SAR competence. This analysis identified a number of new proteins (m-type thioredoxins, major latex protein-like protein, ULTRAVIOLET-B RESISTANCE8 photoreceptor) that contribute to the SAR response. The Arabidopsis SAR phloem proteome is a valuable resource for understanding SAR long-distance signaling and the dynamic nature of the phloem during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel C Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Dey
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Robin K Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
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50
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Czarnocka W, Hebda M, Bernacki MJ, Karpiński S. PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 regulate drought tolerance, plant biomass production, and cell wall properties. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:527-39. [PMID: 26754794 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis and poplar with modified PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 genes exhibit successful growth under drought stress. The acclimatory strategies depend on cell division/cell death control and altered cell wall composition. The increase of plant tolerance towards environmental stresses would open much opportunity for successful plant cultivation in these areas that were previously considered as ineligible, e.g. in areas with poor irrigation. In this study, we performed functional analysis of proteins encoded by PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) genes to explain their role in drought tolerance and biomass production in two different species: Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus tremula × tremuloides. Arabidopsis mutants pad4-5, lsd1-1, eds1-1 and transgenic poplar lines PAD4-RNAi, LSD1-RNAi and ESD1-RNAi were examined in terms of different morphological and physiological parameters. Our experiments proved that Arabidopsis PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 play an important role in survival under drought stress and regulate plant vegetative and generative growth. Biomass production and acclimatory strategies in poplar were also orchestrated via a genetic system of PAD4 and LSD1 which balanced the cell division and cell death processes. Furthermore, improved rate of cell division/cell differentiation and altered physical properties of poplar wood were the outcome of PAD4- and LSD1-dependent changes in cell wall structure and composition. Our results demonstrate that PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 constitute a molecular hub, which integrates plant responses to water stress, vegetative biomass production and generative development. The applicable goal of our research was to generate transgenic plants with regulatory mechanism that perceives stress signals to optimize plant growth and biomass production in semi-stress field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Hebda
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej J Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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