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Méndez-Martínez Y, Valensuela-Barros HA, Cruz-Quintana Y, Botello-León A, Muñoz-Mestanza RD, Orellana-Castro GL, Angulo C. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Organic Silicon on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Digestive Enzymes, Morphohistology, Intestinal Microbiota and Stress Resistance in Juvenile Hybrid Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:531. [PMID: 39056723 PMCID: PMC11273911 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, interest has been aroused worldwide in the use of silicon in nutrition; however, information on its effect on nutrition and metabolism of fish is limited. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with organic silicon on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, digestive enzymes, morphohistology and intestinal microbiota and stress resistance in hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). Methodologically, six levels of organic silicon (DOS) [control (0), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg·kg-1] were used to feed juvenile fish (initial weight 7.51 ± 0.25 g) grown for eight weeks in 18 aquariums (15 fish/aquarium). The results indicated that growth performance showed differences (p < 0.05) for specific growth rate, feed conversion and survival. Triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose, transaminases and digestive enzymes were significantly influenced by DOS levels. The histological study confirmed that the administered diets did not cause damage and induced significant morphological changes in the proximal intestine. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota showed a high diversity and richness of OTU/Chao-1, with Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria predominating in the DOS treatments compared to the control (p < 0.05). Induction of hypoxia stress after the feeding period showed a significant relative survival rate of 83.33% in fish fed 50 mg·kg-1. It is concluded that the DOS treatments performed better than the control treatment in most of the variables analysed. DOS had no negative effects on the fish. The results showed that up to 50 mg·kg-1 DOS improved digestive, metabolic and growth performance in hybrid Tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniel Méndez-Martínez
- Experimental Aquaculture Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Av. Quito Km. 1 1/2 via a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120301, Los Ríos, Ecuador; (H.A.V.-B.); (R.D.M.-M.)
| | - Helen A. Valensuela-Barros
- Experimental Aquaculture Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Av. Quito Km. 1 1/2 via a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120301, Los Ríos, Ecuador; (H.A.V.-B.); (R.D.M.-M.)
| | - Yanis Cruz-Quintana
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Acuícola, Inocuidad y Salud Ambiental (SAISA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), c/Gonzalo Loor Velasco s/n, Bahía de Caráquez 130104, Manabí, Ecuador;
| | - Aroldo Botello-León
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas (UTLVTE), Km 18 via Aeropuerto, San Mateo 080150, Esmeraldas, Ecuador;
| | - Roberto D. Muñoz-Mestanza
- Experimental Aquaculture Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Av. Quito Km. 1 1/2 via a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120301, Los Ríos, Ecuador; (H.A.V.-B.); (R.D.M.-M.)
| | - Grace L. Orellana-Castro
- Experimental Aquaculture Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Av. Quito Km. 1 1/2 via a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120301, Los Ríos, Ecuador; (H.A.V.-B.); (R.D.M.-M.)
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional #195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Thakral V, Raturi G, Sudhakaran S, Mandlik R, Sharma Y, Shivaraj SM, Tripathi DK, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Silicon, a quasi-essential element: Availability in soil, fertilizer regime, optimum dosage, and uptake in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108459. [PMID: 38484684 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The essentiality of silicon (Si) has always been a matter of debate as it is not considered crucial for the lifecycles of most plants. But beneficial effects of endogenous Si and its supplementation have been observed in many plants. Silicon plays a pivotal role in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stress in plants by acting as a physical barrier as well as affecting molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance, thus widely considered as "quasi-essential". In soil, most of Si is found in complex forms as mineral silicates which is not available for plant uptake. Monosilicic acid [Si(OH)4] is the only plant-available form of silicon (PAS) present in the soil. The ability of a plant to uptake Si is positively correlated with the PAS concentration of the soil. Since many cultivated soils often lack a sufficient amount of PAS, it has become common practice to supplement Si through the use of Si-based fertilizers in various crop cultivation systems. This review outlines the use of natural and chemical sources of Si as fertilizer, different regimes of Si fertilization, and conclude by identifying the optimum concentration of Si required to observe the beneficial effects in plants. Also, the different mathematical models defining the mineral dynamics for Si uptake at whole plant scale considering various natural factors like plant morphology, mineral distribution, and transporter expression have been discussed. Information provided here will further help in increasing understanding of Si role and thereby facilitate efficient exploration of the element as a fertilizer in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreeja Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- Department of Science, Alliance University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India.
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Chen X, Lu H, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Han X. Reproductive height determines the loss of clonal grasses with nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:256-264. [PMID: 38807914 PMCID: PMC11128833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Tall clonal grasses commonly display competitive advantages with nitrogen (N) enrichment. However, it is currently unknown whether the height is derived from the vegetative or reproductive module. Moreover, it is unclear whether the height of the vegetative or reproductive system regulates the probability of extinction and colonization, and determines species diversity. In this study, the impacts on clonal grasses were studied in a field experiment employing two frequencies (twice a year vs. monthly) crossing with nine N addition rates in a temperate grassland, China. We found that the N addition decreased species frequency and increased extinction probability, but did not change the species colonization probability. A low frequency of N addition decreased species frequency and colonization probability, but increased extinction probability. Moreover, we found that species reproductive height was the best index to predict the extinction probability of clonal grasses in N-enriched conditions. The low frequency of N addition may overestimate the negative effect from N deposition on clonal grass diversity, suggesting that a higher frequency of N addition is more suitable in assessing the ecological effects of N deposition. Overall, this study illustrates that reproductive height was associated with the clonal species extinction probability under N-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haining Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Debnath S, Dey A, Khanam R, Saha S, Sarkar D, Saha JK, Coumar MV, Patra BC, Biswas T, Ray M, Radhika MS, Mandal B. Historical shifting in grain mineral density of landmark rice and wheat cultivars released over the past 50 years in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21164. [PMID: 38036556 PMCID: PMC10689764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Green Revolution (GR)' has been successful in meeting food sufficiency in India, but compromising its nutritional security. In a first, we report altered grain nutrients profile of modern-bred rice and wheat cultivars diminishing their mineral dietary significance to the Indian population. To substantiate, we evaluated grain nutrients profile of historical landmark high-yielding cultivars of rice and wheat released in succeeding decades since the GR and its impacts on mineral diet quality and human health, with a prediction for decades ahead. Analysis of grain nutrients profile shows a downward trend in concentrations of essential and beneficial elements, but an upward in toxic elements in past 50 y in both rice and wheat. For example, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in grains of rice decreased by ~ 33.0 (P < 0.001) and 27.0% (P < 0.0001); while for wheat it decreased by ~ 30.0 (P < 0.0001) and 19.0% (P < 0.0001) in past more than 50 y, respectively. A proposed mineral-diet quality index (M-DQI) significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased ~ 57.0 and 36.0% in the reported time span (1960-2010) in rice and wheat, respectively. The impoverished M-DQI could impose hostile effects on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like iron-deficiency anemia, respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal among the Indian population by 2040. Our research calls for an urgency of grain nutrients profiling before releasing a cultivar of staples like rice and wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Debnath
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Regional Station Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Ahana Dey
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Rubina Khanam
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Susmit Saha
- College of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan Sadar, West Bengal, 713 101, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Jayanta K Saha
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Mounissamy V Coumar
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Bhaskar C Patra
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Tufleuddin Biswas
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 761 211, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modeling, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Madhari S Radhika
- Department of Dietetics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Biswapati Mandal
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India.
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Wang X, Li H, Zhang S, Gao F, Sun X, Ren X. Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37953712 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious threat to food safety and human health. Minimization of Cd uptake and enhancing Cd tolerance in plants are vital to improve crop yield and reduce hazardous effects to humans. In this study, we investigate the effect of a synergistic system with phytohormone (24-Epibrassinolide, EBL) and silicon (Si) on Cd toxicity and accumulation of rice plants. The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance were improved. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was increased and oxidative stress was alleviated. More importantly, Cd content in root was decreased by 20.25%, 17.72% and 27.84%, while Cd content in shoot decreased by 21.17%, 16.47% and 25.88%, respectively. Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles. Meanwhile, the residual form of Cd was enriched and the highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd) were decreased. The joint application showed better effects than applying Si and EBL alone. Collectively, this study provides an effective way for Cd toxicity mitigation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshun Wang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Jiamusi Technician College, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwen Gao
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuekun Ren
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
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Javed T, Shabbir R, Hussain S, Naseer MA, Ejaz I, Ali MM, Ahmar S, Yousef AF. Nanotechnology for endorsing abiotic stresses: a review on the role of nanoparticles and nanocompositions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:831-849. [PMID: 36043237 DOI: 10.1071/fp22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses, including the salt and heavy metals contaminated sites, signify a threat to sustainable crop production. The existence of these stresses has increased in recent years due to human-induced climate change. In view of this, several remediation strategies including nanotechnology have been studied to find more effective approaches for sustaining the environment. Nanoparticles, due to unique physiochemical properties; i.e. high mobility, reactivity, high surface area, and particle morphology, have shown a promising solution to promote sustainable agriculture. Crop plants easily take up nanoparticles, which can penetrate into the cells to play essential roles in growth and metabolic events. In addition, different iron- and carbon-based nanocompositions enhance the removal of metals from the contaminated sites and water; these nanoparticles activate the functional groups that potentially target specific molecules of the metal pollutants to obtain efficient remediation. This review article emphasises the recent advancement in the application of nanotechnology for the remediation of contaminated soils with metal pollutants and mitigating different abiotic stresses. Different implementation barriers are also discussed. Furthermore, we reported the opportunities and research directions to promote sustainable development based on the application of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; and Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Naseer
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Irsa Ejaz
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Muhamamd Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Haudum S, Strasser P, Teasdale I. Phosphorus and Silicon-Based Macromolecules as Degradable Biomedical Polymers. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300127. [PMID: 37326117 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are indispensable in biomedical applications because they can be fabricated with consistent and reproducible properties, facile scalability, and customizable functionality to perform diverse tasks. However, currently available synthetic polymers have limitations, most notably when timely biodegradation is required. Despite there being, in principle, an entire periodic table to choose from, with the obvious exception of silicones, nearly all known synthetic polymers are combinations of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the main chain. Expanding this to main-group heteroatoms can open the way to novel material properties. Herein the authors report on research to incorporate the chemically versatile and abundant silicon and phosphorus into polymers to induce cleavability into the polymer main chain. Less stable polymers, which degrade in a timely manner in mild biological environments, have considerable potential in biomedical applications. Herein the basic chemistry behind these materials is described and some recent studies into their medical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Haudum
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Paul Strasser
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
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Yadav M, George N, Dwibedi V. Emergence of toxic trace elements in plant environment: Insights into potential of silica nanoparticles for mitigation of metal toxicity in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122112. [PMID: 37392865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of trace elements at potentially toxic concentrations in the environment has become a global issue in recent times. Owing to the rapid population growth, unregulated industrialisation, intensive farming practices and excessive mining activities, these elements are accumulating in environment at high toxic concentrations. The exposure of plants to metal-contaminated environments severely influences their reproductive and vegetative growth, eventually affecting crop performance and production. Hence, it is crucial to find alternatives to mitigate the stress caused by toxic elements, in plants of agricultural importance. In this context, silicon (Si) has been widely recognized to alleviate metal toxicity and promote plant growth during various stress conditions. Amending soil with silicates has shown to ameliorate the lethal effects of metals and stimulates crop development. However, in comparison to silicon in bulk form, nano-sized silica particles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to be more efficient in their beneficial roles. SiNPs can be used for various technological applications, viz. Improving soil fertility, agricultural yield, and remediating heavy metal-polluted soil. The research outcomes of studies focussing on role of silica nanoparticles to specifically mitigate the metal toxicity in plants have not been reviewed earlier in depth. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of SiNPs in alleviating metal stress and improving plant growth. The benefits of nano-silica over bulk-Si fertilizers in farming, their performance in diverse plant varieties, and the possible mechanisms to mitigate metal toxicity in plants have been discussed in detail. Further, research gaps are identified and future prospects are envisioned for advanced investigations in this field. The growing interest towards nano-silica related research will facilitate exploration of the true prospective of these nanoparticles for mitigation of metal stress in crops and in other fields of agriculture as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Yadav
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Nancy George
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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9
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Cofrades S, Hernández-Martín M, Garcimartín A, Saiz A, López-Oliva ME, Benedí J, Álvarez MD. Impact of Silicon Addition on the Development of Gelled Pork Lard Emulsions with Controlled Lipid Digestibility for Application as Fat Replacers. Gels 2023; 9:728. [PMID: 37754409 PMCID: PMC10530966 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork lard gelled emulsions stabilized with two proteins [soy protein concentrate (SPC) or a pork rind protein extract (PRP)], both with and without added silicon (Si) from diatomaceous earth powder, were gelled by microbial transglutaminase and к-carrageenan. These gelled emulsions (GEs), intended as fat replacers, were evaluated in different aspects, including microstructure and technological properties during chilling storage. In addition, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) with an analysis of lipolysis and lipid digestibility was also evaluated. All GEs showed adequate technological properties after 28 days of chilling storage, although the SPC-stabilized GEs showed better gravitational and thermal stability (~4% and ~6%, respectively) during chilling storage than the PRP-stabilized ones (~8 and ~12%, respectively). PRP developed larger flocculates restricting pancreatic lipase-mediated lipolysis during intestinal digestion. The addition of Si to both GE structures protected them against disruption during in vitro digestion. Accordingly, Si appears to slow down fat digestion, as reflected by higher triacylglycerides content after GID (15 and 22% vs. 10 and 18% in GEs without Si) and could become a potential candidate for use in the development of healthier meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cofrades
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Physiology Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (M.E.L.-O.)
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Arancha Saiz
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Elvira López-Oliva
- Physiology Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (M.E.L.-O.)
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - María Dolores Álvarez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Chaganti C, Phule AS, Chandran LP, Sonth B, Kavuru VPB, Govindannagari R, Sundaram RM. Silicate solubilizing and plant growth promoting bacteria interact with biogenic silica to impart heat stress tolerance in rice by modulating physiology and gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168415. [PMID: 37520375 PMCID: PMC10374332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress caused due to increasing warming climate has become a severe threat to global food production including rice. Silicon plays a major role in improving growth and productivity of rice by aiding in alleviating heat stress in rice. Soil silicon is only sparingly available to the crops can be made available by silicate solubilizing and plant-growth-promoting bacteria that possess the capacity to solubilize insoluble silicates can increase the availability of soluble silicates in the soil. In addition, plant growth promoting bacteria are known to enhance the tolerance to abiotic stresses of plants, by affecting the biochemical and physiological characteristics of plants. The present study is intended to understand the role of beneficial bacteria viz. Rhizobium sp. IIRR N1 a silicate solublizer and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, a plant growth promoting bacteria and their interaction with insoluble silicate sources on morpho-physiological and molecular attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings after exposure to heat stress in a controlled hydroponic system. Joint inoculation of silicates and both the bacteria increased silicon content in rice tissue, root and shoot biomass, significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (viz. superoxidase dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) compared to other treatments with sole application of either silicon or bacteria. The physiological traits (viz. chlorophyll content, relative water content) were also found to be significantly enhanced in presence of silicates and both the bacteria after exposure to heat stress conditions. Expression profiling of shoot and root tissues of rice seedlings revealed that seedlings grown in the presence of silicates and both the bacteria exhibited higher expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs viz., OsHsp90, OsHsp100 and 60 kDa chaperonin), hormone-related genes (OsIAA6) and silicon transporters (OsLsi1 and OsLsi2) as compared to seedlings treated with either silicates or with the bacteria alone. The results thus reveal the interactive effect of combined application of silicates along with bacteria Rhizobium sp. IIRR N1, G. diazotrophicus inoculation not only led to augmented silicon uptake by rice seedlings but also influenced the plant biomass and elicited higher expression of HSPs, hormone-related and silicon transporter genes leading to improved tolerance of seedling to heat stress.
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Renke G, Almeida VBP, Souza EA, Lessa S, Teixeira RL, Rocha L, Sousa PL, Starling-Soares B. Clinical Outcomes of the Deleterious Effects of Aluminum on Neuro-Cognition, Inflammation, and Health: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2221. [PMID: 37432384 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the scenario of metal toxicity, aluminum (Al) stands out as a ubiquitous type of metal that can be combined with other elements and form different compounds. Al is widely used daily as an adjuvant in vaccines, antacids, food additives (as components of AI-containing food additives), skin care products, cosmetics, and kitchenware, and can be an element or contaminant present in our daily life. Objective: To present a review of the main deleterious effects of Al on human health. Methods: The search was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using scientific articles from 2012 to 2023. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusions: A total of 115 files were search returned. Further, 95 articles were evaluated, and 44 were included in this review. Based on the results, measuring Al's relevance to health is essential in medicine. Several studies have demonstrated clinical outcomes and metabolic alterations with Al exposure. The tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of 1 mg Al/kg body weight can be achieved through dietary exposure alone. Proven neurotoxicity in humans is the critical adverse effect of Al. A carcinogenic effect of Al has not been proven so far. Preventive medicine advocates that exposure to Al should be kept as low as possible. Chelating agents, such as calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and deferoxamine, are options for acute poisoning, and monomethysilanetriol supplementation may be a long-term strategy with chelation potential. Further studies are needed to assess the impacts of Al on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Almeida Souza
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | - Suzana Lessa
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Rocha
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | - Pamela Lopes Sousa
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
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Naidu S, Pandey J, Mishra LC, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Silicon nanoparticles: Synthesis, uptake and their role in mitigation of biotic stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114783. [PMID: 36963184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of global warming and climate change, plants face many biotic stresses, which restrain growth, development and productivity. Nanotechnology is gaining precedence over other means to deal with biotic and abiotic constraints for sustainable agriculture. One of nature's most beneficial metalloids, silicon (Si) shows ameliorative effect against environmental challenges. Silicon/Silica nanoparticles (Si/SiO2NPs) have gained special attention due to their significant chemical and optoelectronic capabilities. Its mesoporous nature, easy availability and least biological toxicity has made it very attractive to researchers. Si/SiO2NPs can be synthesised by chemical, physical and biological methods and supplied to plants by foliar, soil, or seed priming. Upon uptake and translocation, Si/SiO2NPs reach their destined cells and cause optimum growth, development and tolerance against environmental stresses as well as pest attack and pathogen infection. Using Si/SiO2NPs as a supplement can be an eco-friendly and cost-effective option for sustainable agriculture as they facilitate the delivery of nutrients, assist plants to mitigate biotic stress and enhances plant resistance. This review aims to present an overview of the methods of formulation of Si/SiO2NPs, their application, uptake, translocation and emphasize the role of Si/SiO2NPs in boosting growth and development of plants as well as their conventional advantage as fertilizers with special consideration on their mitigating effects towards biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Naidu
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Lokesh C Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Li Z, Zheng Z, Li H, Xu D, Li X, Xiang L, Tu S. Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1524. [PMID: 37050150 PMCID: PMC10096505 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk biochar (RHB) is a low-cost and renewable resource that has been found to be highly effective for the remediation of water and soil environments. Its yield, structure, composition, and physicochemical properties can be modified by changing the parameters of the preparation process, such as the heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, and carrier gas flow rate. Additionally, its specific surface area and functional groups can be modified through physical, chemical, and biological means. Compared to biochar from other feedstocks, RHB performs poorly in solutions with coexisting metal, but can be modified for improved adsorption. In contaminated soils, RHB has been found to be effective in adsorbing heavy metals and organic matter, as well as reducing pollutant availability and enhancing crop growth by regulating soil properties and releasing beneficial elements. However, its effectiveness in complex environments remains uncertain, and further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and effectiveness in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Li
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongcheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xing Li
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Luojing Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Research Centre for Environment Pollution and Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
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Abstract
Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Remick
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
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Waterstradt A, Winker M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Devi S, Lederer AK, Huber R, Gründemann C. Silicon Resorption from Equisetum arvense Tea - A Randomized, Three-Armed Pilot Study. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1360-1368. [PMID: 34706374 DOI: 10.1055/a-1643-5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Equisetum arvense tea (TEA) contains high concentrations of silicon and has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. We examined the resorption of silicon after TEA consumption. Safety and immunological effects were secondary outcomes. A monocentric, randomized, three-armed pilot study was conducted with 12 voluntary, healthy, male subjects. The study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00016628). After a low silicon diet for 36 hours, 1000 mL TEA1 with approximately 200 000 µg silicon/L, TEA2 with approximately 750 000 µg silicon/L, or Si-low-Water (approximately 10 - 10 000 µg silicon/L as a control) were ingested on three consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, day 1 examining silicon kinetics, day 3 examining silicon accumulation, and day 8 (safety, immunological parameters). Si-low-Water intake did not change silicon serum (Cmax 294 µg/L) or urine (19 000 µg/24 h) concentrations compared to baseline. Cmax was 2855 µg/L for TEA1 and 2498 µg/L for TEA2; tmax was 60 and 120 min, respectively. Silicon accumulation did not occur. Urine silica within 24 h (E24 h) was higher after TEA2 compared to TEA1 ingestion (142 000 vs. 109 000 µg/24 h). Serum silicon levels at t = 120 min differed significantly after intake of TEA2 or intake of Si-low-Water (p = 0.029). The immunological parameters did not show any significant changes indicating immunosuppressive effects in volunteers. TEA1 was well tolerated, while TEA2 caused diarrhoea in 4 subjects. Our investigations show that intake of TEA1 leads to significant rise in serum silicon concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Waterstradt
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Seema Devi
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Novel Drug and Gene Delivery System and Imaging Agent Based on Marine Diatom Biosilica Nanoparticles. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080480. [PMID: 36005484 PMCID: PMC9410069 DOI: 10.3390/md20080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have great potential for applications as a drug delivery system (DDS) due to their unique properties such as large pore size, high surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stable aqueous dispersion. The MSN-mediated DDS can carry chemotherapeutic agents, optical sensors, photothermal agents, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and gene therapeutic agents. The MSN-assisted imaging techniques are applicable in cancer diagnosis. However, their synthesis via a chemical route requires toxic chemicals and is challenging, time-consuming, and energy-intensive, making the process expensive and non-viable. Fortunately, nature has provided a viable alternative material in the form of biosilica from marine resources. In this review, the applications of biosilica nanoparticles synthesized from marine diatoms in the field of drug delivery, biosensing, imaging agents, and regenerative medicine, are highlighted. Insights into the use of biosilica in the field of DDSs are elaborated, with a focus on different strategies to improve the physico-chemical properties with regards to drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, and site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The limitations, as well as the future scope to develop them as potential drug delivery vehicles and imaging agents, in the overall therapeutic management, are discussed.
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Song J, Yang J, Jeong BR. Silicon Mitigates Ammonium Toxicity in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) ‘Ssamchu’. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.922666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity hinders the cabbage yield because most subspecies or varieties exhibit extreme sensitivity to NH4+. Current knowledge indicates that silicon (Si) can alleviate or reverse the ammonium toxicity severity. However, few investigations have been conducted on NH4+-stressed cabbage to elucidate the mechanism underlying the Si alleviation. The study described herein analyzes induced physio-chemical changes to explore how Si helps mitigate NH4+ toxicity. We applied one of three NH4+:NO3- ratios (0:100, 50:50, and 100:0) at a constant N (13 meq·L−1) to the cabbage plants, corresponding with two Si treatment levels (0 and 1.0 meq·L−1). Chlorosis and foliage necrosis along with stunted roots occurred following 100% NH4+ application were ameliorated in the presence of Si. The NH4+ toxicity ratio was reduced accordingly. Similarly, inhibition on the uptake of K and Ca, restricted photosynthesis (chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, and Fv/Fm), and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2·-, and H2O2), as well as lipid peroxidation (MDA, malondialdehyde) in NH4+-stressed cabbages were mitigated with added Si. The lower observed oxidative stresses in solely NH4+-treated plants were conferred by the boosted antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase). Concomitantly, Si-treated plants showed higher activities of key NH4+ assimilation enzymes (GS, glutamine synthetase; GOGAT, glutamate synthase; NADH-GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase) and NH4+ content in leaves. However, excessive NH4+ assimilations cause the acidic stress, which has been demonstrated to be the primary cause of NH4+ toxicity. Therefore, further investigation regarding the Si effects on H+ regulation and distribution should be warranted.
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Sun C, Liang X, Gong X, Chen H, Liu X, Zhang S, Li F, Zhao J, Yi J. Comparative transcriptomics provide new insights into the mechanisms by which foliar silicon alleviates the effects of cadmium exposure in rice. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:294-307. [PMID: 34969457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been shown to alleviate Cd stress in rice. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of foliar Si in an indica rice Huanghuazhan (HHZ). Our results showed that foliar Si increases the dry weight and decreases Cd translocation in Cd-exposed rice at the grain-filling stage only, implying that the filling stage is critical for foliar Si to reduce Cd accumulation. We also investigated the transcriptomics in flag leaves (FLs), spikelets (SPs), and node Is (NIs) of Cd-exposed HHZ after foliar Si application at the filling stage. Importantly, the gene expression profiles associated with the Si-mediated alleviation of Cd stress were tissue specific, while shared pathways were mediated by Si in Cd-exposed rice tissues. Furthermore, after the Si treatment of Cd-exposed rice, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporters were mostly upregulated in FL and SP, while the bivalent cation transporters were mostly downregulated in FL and NI, possibly helping to reduce Cd accumulation. The genes associated with essential nutrient transporters, carbohydrate and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and cytochrome oxidase activity were mostly upregulated in Cd-exposed FL and SP, which may help to alleviate oxidative stress and improve plant growth under Cd exposure. Interestingly, genes responsible for signal transduction were negatively regulated in FL, but positively regulated in SP, by foliar Si. Our results provide transcriptomic evidence that foliar Si plays an active role in alleviating the effects of Cd exposure in rice. In particular, foliar Si may alter the expression pattern of genes associated with transport, biosynthesis and metabolism, and oxidation reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huamei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiulian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuchang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jicai Yi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Srivastava A, Sharma VK, Kaushik P, El-Sheikh MA, Qadir S, Mansoor S. Effect of silicon application with mycorrhizal inoculation on Brassica juncea cultivated under water stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261569. [PMID: 35389996 PMCID: PMC8989204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop. Here, we tested the effect of water shortage in B. juncea plants supplemented with or without the application of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in total 8 different treatments compared under open filed conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatments under control conditions were control (C, T1); C+Silicon (Si, T2); C+My (Mycorrhiza; T3); and C+Si+My (T4). In contrast, treatments under stress conditions were S (Stress; T5); S+Si (T6); S+My (T7) and S+Si+My (T8), respectively. In total, we evaluated 16 traits, including plant response to stress by evaluating peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh weight (g) increased only 7.47 percent with mycorrhiza (C+My) and 22.39 percent with silicon (C+Si) but increased 291.08 percent with both mycorrhiza and silicon (C+Si+My). Using mycorrhiza (S+My) or silicon (S+Si) alone produced a significant increase of 53.16 percent and 55.84 percent in fresh weight, respectively, while using both mycorrhiza and silicon (S+Si+My) together produced a dramatic increase of 380.71 percent under stress conditions. Superoxidase dismutase concentration (Ug−1 FW) was found to be increased by 29.48 percent, 6.71 percent, and 22.63 percent after applying C+My, C+Si and C+Si+My, but treatment under stress revealed some contrasting trends, with an increase of 11.21 percent and 19.77 percent for S+My, S+Si+My, but a decrease of 13.15 percent for S+Si. Finally, in the presence of stress, carotenoid content (mg/g FW) increased by 58.06 percent, 54.83 percent, 183.87 percent with C+My, and 23.81 percent with S+My and S+Si+My, but decreased by 22.22 percent with S+Si. Silicon application proved to be more effective than AMF treatment with Rhizophagus irregularis, and the best results were obtained with the combination of Si and AMF. This work will help to suggest the measures to overcome the water stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry FBSc, SKUAST Jammu J&K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Drenched Silicon Suppresses Disease and Insect Pests in Coffee Plant Grown in Controlled Environment by Improving Physiology and Upregulating Defense Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073543. [PMID: 35408899 PMCID: PMC8998747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant disease and insect pests are major limiting factors that reduce crop production worldwide. The ornamental indoor cultivation cash crop dwarf coffee Punica arabica ‘Pacas’ is also troubled by these issues. Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the lithosphere and positively impacts plant health by effectively mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have shown that Si activates plant defense systems, although the specific nature of the involvement of Si in biochemical processes that lead to resistance is unclear. In our study, Si significantly promoted the growth and development of dwarf coffee seedlings grown in plant growth chambers. More than that, through natural infection, Si suppressed disease and insect pests by improving physiology (e.g., the strong development of the internal structures of roots, stems, and leaves; higher photosynthetic efficiency; more abundant organic matter accumulation; the promotion of root activity; the efficient absorption and transfer of mineral elements; and various activated enzymes) and up-regulating defense genes (CaERFTF11 and CaERF13). Overall, in agriculture, Si may potentially contribute to global food security and safety by assisting in the creation of enhanced crop types with optimal production as well by mitigating plant disease and insect pests. In this sense, Si is a sustainable alternative in agricultural production.
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Verma KK, Song XP, Lin B, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Singh RK, Singh P, Sharma A, Malviya MK, Chen GL, Li YR. Silicon Induced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physiological Adaptation Strategies. SILICON 2022; 14. [PMCID: PMC7982764 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Bo Lin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007 India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006 Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
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22
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van den Berg B, Pedebos C, Bolla JR, Robinson CV, Baslé A, Khalid S. Structural Basis for Silicic Acid Uptake by Higher Plants. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167226. [PMID: 34487790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the world's most important food crops such as rice, barley and maize accumulate silicon (Si) to high levels, resulting in better plant growth and crop yields. The first step in Si accumulation is the uptake of silicic acid by the roots, a process mediated by the structurally uncharacterised NIP subfamily of aquaporins, also named metalloid porins. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of the archetypal NIP family member from Oryza sativa (OsNIP2;1). The OsNIP2;1 channel is closed in the crystal structure by the cytoplasmic loop D, which is known to regulate channel opening in classical plant aquaporins. The structure further reveals a novel, five-residue extracellular selectivity filter with a large diameter. Unbiased molecular dynamics simulations show a rapid opening of the channel and visualise how silicic acid interacts with the selectivity filter prior to transmembrane diffusion. Our results will enable detailed structure-function studies of metalloid porins, including the basis of their substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van den Berg
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. https://twitter.com/ConradoPedebos
| | - Conrado Pedebos
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jani R Bolla
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. https://twitter.com/ProfSyk
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23
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Wei T, Li X, Yashir N, Li H, Sun Y, Hua L, Ren X, Guo J. Effect of exogenous silicon and methyl jasmonate on the alleviation of cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in tomato plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51854-51864. [PMID: 33990924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of exogenous silicon (Si) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the mitigation of Cd toxicity in tomato seedlings. The results revealed that Cd-stressed plants exhibited growth inhibition, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired photosynthetic pigment accumulation. However, Si and MeJA applied alone or in combination significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned adverse effects induced by Cd. Among all treatments, Cd+Si+MeJA treatment elevated the dry mass of roots, stems, and leaves by 317.39%, 110.85%, and 119.71%, respectively. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents in Cd+Si+MeJA-treated group were dramatically elevated (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde content in roots and shoots were reduced by 32.24% and 69.94%, respectively. The Si and MeJA applied separately or in combination also resulted in a prominent decrease of Cd influxes in tomato roots; therefore, a reduction of Cd content in tomato tissues were detected, and the Cd concentration in tomato roots were decreased by 27.19%, 25.18%, and 17.51% in Cd+Si, Cd+MeJA and Cd+Si+MeJA-treated plants, respectively. Moreover, in Cd+Si+MeJA-treated group, the percentage of Cd in cell wall fraction was enhanced while that in organelle fraction was decreased as compared with Cd-stressed plants. Collectively, our findings indicated that Si and MeJA application provide a beneficial role in enhancing Cd tolerance and reducing Cd uptake in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Noman Yashir
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Raturi G, Sharma Y, Rana V, Thakral V, Myaka B, Salvi P, Singh M, Dhar H, Deshmukh R. Exploration of silicate solubilizing bacteria for sustainable agriculture and silicon biogeochemical cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:827-838. [PMID: 34225007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a quasi-essential element for plants, is abundant in the soil typically as insoluble silicate forms. However, plants can uptake Si only in the soluble form of monosilicic acid. Production of monosilicic acid by rock-weathering mostly depends on temperature, pH, redox-potential, water-content, and microbial activities. In the present review, approaches involved in the efficient exploration of silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB), its potential applications, and available technological advances are discussed. Present understanding of Si uptake, deposition, and subsequent benefits to plants has also been discussed. In agricultural soils, pH is found to be one of the most critical factors deciding silicate solubilization and the formation of different Si compounds. Numerous studies have predicted the role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and organic acids produced by SSB in silicate solubilization. In this regard, approaches for the isolation and characterization of SSB, quantification of IAA, and subsequent Si solubilization mechanisms are addressed. Phylogenetic evaluation of previously reported SSB showed a highly diverse origin which provides an opportunity to study different mechanisms involved in Si solubilization. Soil biochemistry in concern of silicon availability, microbial activity and silicon mediated changes in plant physiology are addressed. In addition, SSB's role in Si-biogeochemical cycling is summarized. The information presented here will be helpful to explore the potential of SSB more efficiently to promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Varnika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Vandana Thakral
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balaraju Myaka
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Hena Dhar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India.
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25
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Quantification of Silicon in Rice Based on an Electrochemical Sensor via an Amplified Electrocatalytic Strategy. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091048. [PMID: 34577693 PMCID: PMC8469415 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon plays a very important role in the growth of rice. The study of the relationship between rice and silicon has become a hot area in the last decade. Currently, the silica-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method is mostly used for the determination of silicon content in rice. However, the results of this method vary greatly due to the different choices of reducing agents, measurement wavelengths and color development times. In this work, we present for the first time an electrochemical sensor for the detection of silicon content in rice. This electrochemical analysis technique not only provides an alternative detection strategy, but also, due to the rapid detection by electrochemical methods and the miniaturization of the instrument, it is suitable for field testing. Methodological construction using electrochemical techniques is a key objective. The silicon in rice was extracted by HF and becomes silica after pH adjustment. The silica was then immobilized onto the glassy carbon surface. These silica nanoparticles provided additional specific surface area for adsorption of sodium borohydride and Ag ions, which in turn formed Ag nanoparticles to fabricate an electrochemical sensor. The proposed electrochemical sensor can be used for indirect measurements of 10-400 mg/L of SiO2, and thus, the method can measure 4.67-186.8 mg/g of silicon. The electrochemical sensor can be used to be comparable with the conventional silicon-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method. The RSD of the current value was only 3.4% for five sensors. In practical use, 200 samples of glume, leaf, leaf sheath and culm were tested. The results showed that glume had the highest silicon content and culm had the lowest silicon content. The linear correlation coefficients for glume, leaf, leaf sheath and culm were 0.9841, 0.9907, 0.9894 and 0.993, respectively.
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26
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Rajput VD, Minkina T, Feizi M, Kumari A, Khan M, Mandzhieva S, Sushkova S, El-Ramady H, Verma KK, Singh A, van Hullebusch ED, Singh RK, Jatav HS, Choudhary R. Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:791. [PMID: 34440021 PMCID: PMC8389584 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a non-essential element similar to cadmium, arsenic, lead, etc., for plants, yet Si is beneficial to plant growth, so it is also referred to as a quasi-essential element (similar to aluminum, cobalt, sodium and selenium). An element is considered quasi-essential if it is not required by plants but its absence results in significant negative consequences or anomalies in plant growth, reproduction and development. Si is reported to reduce the negative impacts of different stresses in plants. The significant accumulation of Si on the plant tissue surface is primarily responsible for these positive influences in plants, such as increasing antioxidant activity while reducing soil pollutant absorption. Because of these advantageous properties, the application of Si-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in agricultural and food production has received a great deal of interest. Furthermore, conventional Si fertilizers are reported to have low bioavailability; therefore, the development and implementation of nano-Si fertilizers with high bioavailability could be crucial for viable agricultural production. Thus, in this context, the objectives of this review are to summarize the effects of both Si and Si-NPs on soil microbes, soil properties, plant growth and various plant pathogens and diseases. Si-NPs and Si are reported to change the microbial colonies and biomass, could influence rhizospheric microbes and biomass content and are able to improve soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (T.M.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (T.M.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Morteza Feizi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (T.M.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Masudulla Khan
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, SIILAS, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (T.M.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; (T.M.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | | | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India;
| | - Eric D. van Hullebusch
- CNRS, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jaipur 303329, India;
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
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27
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Devanna BN, Mandlik R, Raturi G, Sudhakaran SS, Sharma Y, Sharma S, Rana N, Bansal R, Barvkar V, Tripathi DK, Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh R. Versatile role of silicon in cereals: Health benefits, uptake mechanism, and evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:173-186. [PMID: 34044226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an omnipresent and second most abundant element in the soil lithosphere after oxygen. Silicon being a beneficial element imparts several benefits to the plants and animals. In many plant species, including the cereals the uptake of Si from the soil even exceeds the uptake of essential nutrients. Cereals are the monocots which are known to accumulate a high amount of Si, and reaping maximum benefits associated with it. Cereals contribute a high amount of Si to the human diet compared to other food crops. In the present review, we have summarized distribution of the dietary Si in cereals and its role in the animal and human health. The Si derived benefits in cereals, specifically with respect to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance has been described. We have also discussed the molecular mechanism involved in the Si uptake in cereals, evolution of the Si transport mechanism and genetic variation in the Si concentration among different cultivars of the same species. Various genetic mutants deficient in the Si uptake have been developed and many QTLs governing the Si accumulation have been identified in cereals. The existing knowledge about the Si biology and available resources needs to be explored to understand and improve the Si accumulation in crop plants to achieve sustainability in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreeja S Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh K Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India.
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28
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Song XP, Verma KK, Tian DD, Zhang XQ, Liang YJ, Huang X, Li CN, Li YR. Exploration of silicon functions to integrate with biotic stress tolerance and crop improvement. Biol Res 2021; 54:19. [PMID: 34238380 PMCID: PMC8265040 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532200, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Ning Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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29
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Khan MIR, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Irfan M, Khan NA. The intricacy of silicon, plant growth regulators and other signaling molecules for abiotic stress tolerance: An entrancing crosstalk between stress alleviators. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:36-47. [PMID: 33667965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unfavorable environmental conditions are the critical inimical to the sustainable agriculture. Among various novel strategies designed to protect plants from abiotic stress threats, use of mineral elements as 'stress mitigators' has emerged as the most crucial and interesting aspect. Silicon (Si) is a quasi-essential nutrient that mediates plant growth and development and interacts with plant growth regulators (PGRs) and signaling molecules to combat abiotic stress induced adversities in plants and increase stress tolerance. PGRs are one of the most important chemical messengers that mediate plant growth and development during stressful conditions. However, the individual roles of Si and PGRs have extensively defined but their exquisite crosstalk with each other to mediate plant stress responses is still indiscernible. The present review is an upfront effort to delineate an intricate crosstalk/interaction between Si and PGRs to reduce abiotic stress adversities. The combined effects of interaction of Si with other signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca2+) for the survival of plants under stress and optimal conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Irfan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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30
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Verma KK, Song XP, Verma CL, Chen ZL, Rajput VD, Wu KC, Liao F, Chen GL, Li YR. Functional relationship between photosynthetic leaf gas exchange in response to silicon application and water stress mitigation in sugarcane. Biol Res 2021; 54:15. [PMID: 33933166 PMCID: PMC8088580 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses. METHODS In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange. RESULTS In the present study we primarily revealed the consequences of low soil moisture content, which affect overall plant performance of sugarcane significantly. Silicon application reduced the adverse effects of water stress by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (Anet) 1.35-18.75%, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) 3.26-21.57% and rate of transpiration (E) 1.16-17.83%. The mathematical models developed from the proposed hypothesis explained the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses of Si application and water stress mitigation. CONCLUSIONS Silicon application showed high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses of sugarcane to water stress and could be used for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops, too, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226005, India
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Kai-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China.
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Sharma SS, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Emerging Trends in Metalloid-Dependent Signaling in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:452-471. [PMID: 33257259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are semiconducting elements that constitute a small group in the periodic table of elements. Their occurrence in nature either poses an environmental threat or benefit to plants. The precise mechanisms or manner of crosstalk of metalloid interference and sensing remain open questions. Standard plant nutrient solutions contain the metalloid boron (B) as a micronutrient, while silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element routinely supplied only to some plants such as grasses. By contrast, arsenic (As) is a severe environmental hazard to most organisms, including plants, while the less abundant metalloids germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) display variable degrees of toxicity. Here we review the molecular events and mechanisms that could explain the contrasting (or overlapping) action of metalloids on the cell and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti S Sharma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Verma KK, Song XP, Verma CL, Chen ZL, Rajput VD, Wu KC, Liao F, Chen GL, Li YR. Functional relationship between photosynthetic leaf gas exchange in response to silicon application and water stress mitigation in sugarcane. Biol Res 2021; 54:15. [PMID: 33933166 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00338-2/tables/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses. METHODS In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange. RESULTS In the present study we primarily revealed the consequences of low soil moisture content, which affect overall plant performance of sugarcane significantly. Silicon application reduced the adverse effects of water stress by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (Anet) 1.35-18.75%, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) 3.26-21.57% and rate of transpiration (E) 1.16-17.83%. The mathematical models developed from the proposed hypothesis explained the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses of Si application and water stress mitigation. CONCLUSIONS Silicon application showed high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses of sugarcane to water stress and could be used for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops, too, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226005, India
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Kai-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning,, 530007, Guangxi, China.
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Katz O, Puppe D, Kaczorek D, Prakash NB, Schaller J. Silicon in the Soil-Plant Continuum: Intricate Feedback Mechanisms within Ecosystems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:652. [PMID: 33808069 PMCID: PMC8066056 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants' ability to take up silicon from the soil, accumulate it within their tissues and then reincorporate it into the soil through litter creates an intricate network of feedback mechanisms in ecosystems. Here, we provide a concise review of silicon's roles in soil chemistry and physics and in plant physiology and ecology, focusing on the processes that form these feedback mechanisms. Through this review and analysis, we demonstrate how this feedback network drives ecosystem processes and affects ecosystem functioning. Consequently, we show that Si uptake and accumulation by plants is involved in several ecosystem services like soil appropriation, biomass supply, and carbon sequestration. Considering the demand for food of an increasing global population and the challenges of climate change, a detailed understanding of the underlying processes of these ecosystem services is of prime importance. Silicon and its role in ecosystem functioning and services thus should be the main focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Katz
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Mt. Masada, Tamar Regional Council, 86910 Tamar, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv, 8855630 Eilat, Israel
| | - Daniel Puppe
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Danuta Kaczorek
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nagabovanalli B. Prakash
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
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Sources, Bioavailability, and Safety of Silicon Derived from Foods and Other Sources Added for Nutritional Purposes in Food Supplements and Functional Foods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon is a microelement that performs a number of important functions in the human body, being involved in the formation and maintenance of normal osteocartilaginous connective tissue, such as skin, hair, and nails, and having beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Natural sources of silicon include fruits, vegetables, cereals, and mineral water. European and North American diets are generally low in silicon, which correlates with a diet high in processed foods. Dietary silicon deficiency can be overcome by the consumption of high bioavailability silicon-rich foods and the use of silicon supplements. A good form of supplementation is orthosilicic acid (OSA), usually stabilized by the introduction of a methyl group, choline, or vanillin. OSA is naturally found in diatomaceous earth in the form of amorphous silica and extracts from silicon-rich plants, e.g., horsetail (Eguiseti herba L.) and nettles (Urtica dioica L.). This article presents the characteristics of the various sources of silicon and their bioavailability and safety of use, with particular reference to the sources used in functional foods and dietary supplements. There is a great need to produce functional foods containing dietary silicon, together with other scarce mineral components.
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Svobodová J, Mikšík I. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic application of a sol-gel matrix with chilli peppers, garlic, or synthetic additives. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3691-3701. [PMID: 32662597 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a possible combination of two promising fields of analytical chemistry-the preparation of sol-gel matrices with varying additives and their application in capillary electrochromatography. The inner surfaces of capillaries were coated with the sol-gel solution containing either pure synthetic chemical additive-alliin or capsaicin-or an extract of their natural sources-garlic and chilli pepper, respectively. The modified capillaries were tested for interaction with two neurotransmitters, oligopeptides and nucleotides under conditions of open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Because both of the natural extracts also contain vitamin C and saccharose, the capillaries with sol-gel modifiers containing each of these substances were also tested. The obtained results from the perspective of changes in the electrochromatograms and the effective mobilities of analytes are discussed with respect to mild conditions both in the preparation process of the sol-gel matrix and during the separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Svobodová
- Department of Translation Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Department of Translation Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Al-Kattan A, M. A. Ali L, Daurat M, Mattana E, Gary-Bobo M. Biological Assessment of Laser-Synthesized Silicon Nanoparticles Effect in Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy on Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1462. [PMID: 32722568 PMCID: PMC7466460 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Driven by their distinctive physiological activities, biological properties and unique theranostic modalities, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the promising materials for the development of novel multifunctional nanoplatforms for biomedical applications. In this work, we assessed the possibility to use laser-synthesized Si NPs as photosensitizers in two-photon excited photodynamic therapy (TPE-PDT) modality. Herein, we used an easy strategy to synthesize ultraclean and monodispersed SiNPs using laser ablation and fragmentation sequences of silicon wafer in aqueous solution, which prevent any specific purification step. Structural analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution centered at the mean size diameter of 62 nm ± 0.42 nm, while the negative surface charge of -40 ± 0.3 mV ensured a great stability without sedimentation over a long period of time. In vitro studies on human cancer cell lines (breast and liver) and healthy cells revealed their low cytotoxicity without any light stimulus and their therapeutic potential under TPE-PDT mode at 900 nm with a promising cell death of 45% in case of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as a consequence of intracellular reactive oxygen species release. Their luminescence emission inside the cells was clearly observed at UV-Vis region. Compared to Si nanoparticles synthesized via chemical routes, which are often linked to additional modules with photochemical and photobiological properties to boost photodynamic effect, laser-synthesized SiNPs exhibit promising intrinsic therapeutic and imaging properties to develop advanced strategy in nanomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Morgane Daurat
- NanoMedSyn, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Elodie Mattana
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
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Proc K, Bulak P, Wiącek D, Bieganowski A. Hermetia illucens exhibits bioaccumulative potential for 15 different elements - Implications for feed and food production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138125. [PMID: 32222512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new branch of the insect-based food and feed industry is intensively developing all over the world, the best proof of which is the recent change in legislation at the European level allowing the use of insect protein in the production of feed for aquaculture animals. Previous publications have proven that some heavy metals can be bioaccumulated in fly H. illucens (black soldier fly), even when the insect is raised on optimal feed with an acceptable heavy metal content. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation potential of H. illucens in relation to micro- and macroelements, toxic elements and for the first time, selected non-essential elements from optimal feed. Our results showed that bioaccumulation of Ba, Bi, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mo, Se and Zn occurred in all stages of insect development and in puparia, while bioaccumulation of Al, As, Co, K, Pb and Si was not found. The highest bioaccumulation factors were obtained for Ca and Mn in puparia - 38 and 21 respectively. In addition, Ca, Cd, Ga, Mn, P and S were bioaccumulated only in some developmental stages of the insect. The results are discussed in the context of the safety of feed and food production from H. illucens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Proc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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Vis BM, Wen J, Mellerup SK, Merchant RD, Mawhinney RC, Kinrade SD. Silicon Forms a Rich Diversity of Aliphatic Polyol Complexes in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9188-9202. [PMID: 32314583 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed examination of aqueous Si complexation by alditols and aldonic acids was conducted using high-sensitivity 29Si NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched solutions combined with theoretical modeling. Contrary to previous thinking, we have established that aliphatic polyols do not require a threo pair of hydroxy groups to form hypercoordinated Si complexes, although formation constants may be orders of magnitude higher if they are present. Thirteen distinctly different molecular assemblages containing 4-, 5-, or 6-coordinate Si centers have been identified, with significant concentrations of 5-coordinate Si bis-ligand complex being detected even under biologically relevant solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Vis
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jiali Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Soren K Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Roger D Merchant
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Robert C Mawhinney
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Stephen D Kinrade
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Bari MA, Prity SA, Das U, Akther MS, Sajib SA, Reza MA, Kabir AH. Silicon induces phytochelatin and ROS scavengers facilitating cadmium detoxification in rice. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:472-479. [PMID: 31990448 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to crops and the environment. This work examines the natural mechanisms underlying silicon- (Si-)directed Cd detoxification in rice plants. The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, Fv /Fm and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls, confirming that Si is able to ameliorate Cd-induced damage in rice plants. This morpho-physiological evidence was correlated with decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage after Si application. The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd-stressed rice. Additionally, expression of Cd transporters (OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2) was significantly down-regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd-stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment. This confirms that the alleviation of Cd stress is not only limited to the down-regulation of Cd transporters but also closely related to the phytochelatin-driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots. The enzymatic analysis further revealed the role of SOD and GR enzymes in protecting rice plants from Cd-induced oxidative harm. These findings suggest a mechanistic basis in rice plants for Si-mediated mitigation of Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bari
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - S A Prity
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - U Das
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - M S Akther
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - S A Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - M A Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - A H Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Soil Application of Nano Silica on Maize Yield and Its Insecticidal Activity Against Some Stored Insects After the Post-Harvest. NANOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/nano10040739 10.1007/978-1-61779-539-8_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maize is considered one of the most imperative cereal crops worldwide. In this work, high throughput silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) were prepared via the sol–gel technique. SiO2-NPs were attained in a powder form followed by full analysis using the advanced tools (UV-vis, HR-TEM, SEM, XRD and zeta potential). To this end, SiO2-NPs were applied as both nanofertilizer and pesticide against four common pests that infect the stored maize and cause severe damage to crops. As for nanofertilizers, the response of maize hybrid to mineral NPK, “Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)” (0% = untreated, 50% of recommended dose and 100%), with different combinations of SiO2-NPs; (0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg soil) was evaluated. Afterward, post-harvest, grains were stored and fumigated with different concentrations of SiO2-NPs (0.0031, 0.0063. 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) in order to identify LC50 and mortality % of four common insects, namely Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Orizaephilus surinamenisis. The results revealed that, using the recommended dose of 100%, mineral NPK showed the greatest mean values of plant height, chlorophyll content, yield, its components, and protein (%). By feeding the soil with SiO2-NPs up to 10 g/kg, the best growth and yield enhancement of maize crop is noticed. Mineral NPK interacted with SiO2-NPs, whereas the application of mineral NPK at the rate of 50% with 10 g/kg SiO2-NPs, increased the highest mean values of agronomic characters. Therefore, SiO2-NPs can be applied as a growth promoter, and in the meantime, as strong unconventional pesticides for crops during storage, with a very small and safe dose.
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41
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El-Naggar ME, Abdelsalam NR, Fouda MM, Mackled MI, Al-Jaddadi MA, Ali HM, Siddiqui MH, Kandil EE. Soil Application of Nano Silica on Maize Yield and Its Insecticidal Activity Against Some Stored Insects After the Post-Harvest. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040739. [PMID: 32290620 PMCID: PMC7221732 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize is considered one of the most imperative cereal crops worldwide. In this work, high throughput silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) were prepared via the sol-gel technique. SiO2-NPs were attained in a powder form followed by full analysis using the advanced tools (UV-vis, HR-TEM, SEM, XRD and zeta potential). To this end, SiO2-NPs were applied as both nanofertilizer and pesticide against four common pests that infect the stored maize and cause severe damage to crops. As for nanofertilizers, the response of maize hybrid to mineral NPK, "Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)" (0% = untreated, 50% of recommended dose and 100%), with different combinations of SiO2-NPs; (0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg soil) was evaluated. Afterward, post-harvest, grains were stored and fumigated with different concentrations of SiO2-NPs (0.0031, 0.0063. 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) in order to identify LC50 and mortality % of four common insects, namely Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Orizaephilus surinamenisis. The results revealed that, using the recommended dose of 100%, mineral NPK showed the greatest mean values of plant height, chlorophyll content, yield, its components, and protein (%). By feeding the soil with SiO2-NPs up to 10 g/kg, the best growth and yield enhancement of maize crop is noticed. Mineral NPK interacted with SiO2-NPs, whereas the application of mineral NPK at the rate of 50% with 10 g/kg SiO2-NPs, increased the highest mean values of agronomic characters. Therefore, SiO2-NPs can be applied as a growth promoter, and in the meantime, as strong unconventional pesticides for crops during storage, with a very small and safe dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrez E. El-Naggar
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic based Fibers Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Center, 33 El- Behooth St, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.-N.); (N.R.A.); (M.M.G.F.); Tel.: +20-11-2601-8116 (M.E.E.-N); +20-10-6632-9045 (N.R.A); +20-10-9266-1554 (M.M.G.F.)
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21531, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.-N.); (N.R.A.); (M.M.G.F.); Tel.: +20-11-2601-8116 (M.E.E.-N); +20-10-6632-9045 (N.R.A); +20-10-9266-1554 (M.M.G.F.)
| | - Moustafa M.G. Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic based Fibers Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Center, 33 El- Behooth St, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.-N.); (N.R.A.); (M.M.G.F.); Tel.: +20-11-2601-8116 (M.E.E.-N); +20-10-6632-9045 (N.R.A); +20-10-9266-1554 (M.M.G.F.)
| | - Marwa I. Mackled
- Department of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Sabahia, Alexandria P.O. Box 21616, Egypt;
| | - Malik A.M. Al-Jaddadi
- Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Financial Control Department, Trade Control Department, Division Quality Control, Baghdad 13201, Iraq;
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (M.H.S.)
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Essam E. Kandil
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21531, Egypt;
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Lux A, Lukačová Z, Vaculík M, Švubová R, Kohanová J, Soukup M, Martinka M, Bokor B. Silicification of Root Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E111. [PMID: 31952260 PMCID: PMC7020167 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is not considered an essential element, however, its tissue concentration can exceed that of many essential elements in several evolutionary distant plant species. Roots take up Si using Si transporters and then translocate it to aboveground organs. In some plant species, root tissues are also places where a high accumulation of Si can be found. Three basic modes of Si deposition in roots have been identified so far: (1) impregnation of endodermal cell walls (e.g., in cereals, such as Triticum (wheat)); (2) formation of Si-aggregates associated with endodermal cell walls (in the Andropogoneae family, which includes Sorghum and Saccharum (sugarcane)); (3) formation of Si aggregates in "stegmata" cells, which form a sheath around sclerenchyma fibers e.g., in some palm species (Phoenix (date palm)). In addition to these three major and most studied modes of Si deposition in roots, there are also less-known locations, such as deposits in xylem cells and intercellular deposits. In our research, the ontogenesis of individual root cells that accumulate Si is discussed. The documented and expected roles of Si deposition in the root is outlined mostly as a reaction of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jana Kohanová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Milan Soukup
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kerchev P, van der Meer T, Sujeeth N, Verlee A, Stevens CV, Van Breusegem F, Gechev T. Molecular priming as an approach to induce tolerance against abiotic and oxidative stresses in crop plants. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 40:107503. [PMID: 31901371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and pollutants, are the main cause of crop losses worldwide. Novel climate-adapted crops and stress tolerance-enhancing compounds are increasingly needed to counteract the negative effects of unfavorable stressful environments. A number of natural products and synthetic chemicals can protect model and crop plants against abiotic stresses through induction of molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as molecular priming. In addition to their stress-protective effect, some of these compounds can also stimulate plant growth. Here, we provide an overview of the known physiological and molecular mechanisms that induce molecular priming, together with a survey of the approaches aimed to discover and functionally study new stress-alleviating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom van der Meer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Arno Verlee
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Department of Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
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Javaid T, Farooq MA, Akhtar J, Saqib ZA, Anwar-Ul-Haq M. Silicon nutrition improves growth of salt-stressed wheat by modulating flows and partitioning of Na +, Cl - and mineral ions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:291-299. [PMID: 31202193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is reported to improve salt stress tolerance of cereals, but little is known about the effects of Si on flows and partitioning of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and essential mineral ions at the tissue and cellular level. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was exposed to 200 mM NaCl for 30 d in hydroponics, with or without 2 mM Si. X-ray microanalysis coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to quantify the cell-specific ion profiles across root and leaf cells, paralleled by measurements of wheat growth and physiological responses. Under salt stress, higher Na+ and Cl- concentrations were detected in root epidermal, cortical and stelar cells, eventually increasing their concentrations in different leaf cells, being highest in the epidermal cells and lowest in the vascular bundle cells. The potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) profiles were generally opposite to those of Na+ and Cl-. NaCl-dependent deregulation of essential nutrient homeostasis and excessive toxic ions accumulation in leaves was correlated with enhanced electrolyte leakage index (ELI), decreased chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and other physiological parameters, and ultimately hampered plant growth. Conversely, Si addition improved the growth and physiological performance of salinized wheat by reducing Na+ and Cl- concentration in root epidermal and cortical cells, and it improved root uptake and storage of K+ and Mg2+ ions and their loading into xylem for distribution to shoots. These results suggest that Si-mediated inhibition of Na+ uptake, maintained nutrient homeostasis and improved physiological parameters to contribute to wheat growth improvement under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Javaid
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Javaid Akhtar
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Alsaeedi A, El-Ramady H, Alshaal T, El-Garawany M, Elhawat N, Al-Otaibi A. Silica nanoparticles boost growth and productivity of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses by balancing nutrients uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:1-10. [PMID: 30870715 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in enhancing growth and yield of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses was assessed. A field experiment under greenhouse conditions was established using 4 different levels of SiNPs (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1) and 3 different watering regimes calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (100, 85 and 70% of ETc). Electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water were 1.7 dS m-1 and 4.63 respectively. The results revealed that SiNPs improved growth and productivity of cucumber regardless of quantity of supplied water; however, the greatest increase corresponded to irrigating cucumber at the rate of 85% of ETc. Applying SiNPs at rate of 200 mg kg-1 showed the greatest increase specially when cucumber plants received 85% of their ETc causing an increase of 20, 51 and 156% in plant height, chlorophyll and fruit yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants. These increases could be due to alerting nutrient uptake as SiNPs clearly increased contents of nitrogen (by 30%), potassium (by 52, 75 and 41% in root, stem and leaf, respectively) and silicon (by 51, 57, 8 and 78% in root, stem, leaf and fruit, respectively). Otherwise, same treatment reduced sodium uptake by 38, 77 and 38% in root, stem and leaf, respectively; consequently, potassium-sodium ratio increased by 149, 735 and 127% in root, stem and leaf, respectively. The significant role of SiNPs in mitigating water deficit and salinity stresses could be referred to high silicon content found in leaf which regulates water losses via transpiration. Also, high K+ content found in roots of cucumber helps plants to tolerate abiotic stresses as a result of maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating the osmotic balance as well as controlling stomatal opening which helps plants to adapt to salinity and water deficit stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsaeedi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mohamed El-Garawany
- The Agricultural-Veterinarian Training and Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Elhawat
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Anasir MI, Poh CL. Structural Vaccinology for Viral Vaccine Design. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:738. [PMID: 31040832 PMCID: PMC6476906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines have proven pivotal against arrays of infectious viral diseases, there are still no effective vaccines against many viruses. New structural insights into the viral envelope, protein conformation, and antigenic epitopes can guide the design of novel vaccines against challenging viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus, enterovirus A71, and dengue virus. Recent studies demonstrated that applications of this structural information can solve some of the vaccine conundrums. This review focuses on recent advances in structure-based vaccine design, or structural vaccinology, for novel and innovative viral vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Kaur H, Greger M. A Review on Si Uptake and Transport System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E81. [PMID: 30934978 PMCID: PMC6524041 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) was long listed as a non-essential component for plant growth and development because of its universal availability. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in studying the underlying uptake and transport mechanism of silicon in plants because of the reported dynamic role of silicon in plants under stressed environmental conditions. This uptake and transport mechanism is greatly dependent upon the uptake ability of the plant's roots. Plant roots absorb Si in the form of silicic acid from the soil solution, and it is moved through different parts of the plant using various influx and efflux transporters. Both these influx and efflux transporters are mostly found in the plasma membrane; however, their location and pattern of expression varies among different plants. The assessment of these features provides a new understanding of different species-dependent Si accumulations, which have been studied in monocots but are poorly understood in other plant groups. Therefore, the present review provides insight into the most recent research exploring the use of Si transporters in angiosperms and cryptogams. This paper presents an extensive representation of data from different families of angiosperms, including monocots and eudicots. Eudicots (previously referred to as dicots) have often been neglected in the literature, because they are categorized as low/intermediate Si accumulators. However, in this review, we attempt to highlight the accumulating species of different plant groups in which Si uptake is mediated through transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Greger
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Isolation and Characterization of the High Silicate and Phosphate Solubilizing Novel Strain Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 that Promotes Growth in Rice Plants. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) are beneficial nutrient elements for plant growth. These elements are widely used in chemical fertilizers despite their abundance in the earth’s crust. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers is a threat to sustainable agriculture. Here, we screened different Si and P solubilizing bacterial strains from the diverse rice fields of Daegu, Korea. The strain with high Si and P solubilizing ability was selected and identified as Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolate GAK2 produced organic acids (citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid), indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellic acid (GA1, GA3) in Luria-Bertani media. In addition, GAK2 inoculation promoted seed germination in a gibberellin deficient rice mutant Waito-C and rice cultivar ‘Hwayoungbyeo’. Overall, the isolate GAK2 increased root length, shoot length, fresh biomass, and chlorophyll content of rice plants. These findings reveal that E. ludwigii GAK2 is a potential silicon and phosphate bio-fertilizer.
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Götz W, Tobiasch E, Witzleben S, Schulze M. Effects of Silicon Compounds on Biomineralization, Osteogenesis, and Hard Tissue Formation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E117. [PMID: 30871062 PMCID: PMC6471146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired stem cell-based hard tissue engineering includes numerous aspects: The synthesis and fabrication of appropriate scaffold materials, their analytical characterization, and guided osteogenesis using the sustained release of osteoinducing and/or osteoconducting drugs for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, growth, and proliferation. Here, the effect of silicon- and silicate-containing materials on osteogenesis at the molecular level has been a particular focus within the last decade. This review summarizes recently published scientific results, including material developments and analysis, with a special focus on silicon hybrid bone composites. First, the sources, bioavailability, and functions of silicon on various tissues are discussed. The second focus is on the effects of calcium-silicate biomineralization and corresponding analytical methods in investigating osteogenesis and bone formation. Finally, recent developments in the manufacturing of Si-containing scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as recently filed patents that focus on the influence of silicon on hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Biology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Rheinische Wilhelms University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Steffen Witzleben
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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Rahman MA, Lee SH, Ji HC, Kabir AH, Jones CS, Lee KW. Importance of Mineral Nutrition for Mitigating Aluminum Toxicity in Plants on Acidic Soils: Current Status and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3073. [PMID: 30297682 PMCID: PMC6213855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major limitations that inhibit plant growth and development in acidic soils. In acidic soils (pH < 5.0), phototoxic-aluminum (Al3+) rapidly inhibits root growth, and subsequently affects water and nutrient uptake in plants. This review updates the existing knowledge concerning the role of mineral nutrition for alleviating Al toxicity in plants to acid soils. Here, we explored phosphorus (P) is more beneficial in plants under P-deficient, and Al toxic conditions. Exogenous P addition increased root respiration, plant growth, chlorophyll content, and dry matter yield. Calcium (Ca) amendment (liming) is effective for correcting soil acidity, and for alleviating Al toxicity. Magnesium (Mg) is able to prevent Al migration through the cytosolic plasma membrane in root tips. Sulfur (S) is recognized as a versatile element that alleviates several metals toxicity including Al. Moreover, silicon (Si), and other components such as industrial byproducts, hormones, organic acids, polyamines, biofertilizers, and biochars played promising roles for mitigating Al toxicity in plants. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of several new methods and low-cost effective strategies relevant to the exogenous application of mineral nutrition on Al toxicity mitigation. This information would be effective for further improvement of crop plants in acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atikur Rahman
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea.
| | - Hee Chung Ji
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea.
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Chris Stephen Jones
- Feed and Forage Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea.
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