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Gao W, Wu D, Zhang D, Geng Z, Tong M, Duan Y, Xia W, Chu J, Yao X. Comparative analysis of the effects of microplastics and nitrogen on maize and wheat: Growth, redox homeostasis, photosynthesis, and AsA-GSH cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172555. [PMID: 38677420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to the function of agro-ecosystems. At present, research on MPs has mainly focused on the effects of different concentrations or types of MPs on a crop, while ignoring other environmental factors. In agricultural production, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important means to maintain the high yield of crops. The effects of MPs and N on growth parameters, photosynthetic system, active oxygen metabolism, nutrient content, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle of maize and wheat were studied in order to explicit whether N addition could effectively alleviate the effects of MPs on maize and wheat. The results showed that MPs inhibited the plant height of both maize and wheat, and MPs effects on physiological traits of maize were more severe than those of wheat, reflecting in reactive oxygen metabolism and restriction of photosynthetic capacity. Under the condition of N supply, AsA-GSH cycle of two plants has different response strategies to MPs: Maize promoted enzyme activity and co-accumulation of AsA and GSH, while wheat tended to consume AsA and accumulate GSH. N application induced slight oxidative stress on maize, which was manifested as an increase in hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents, and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. The antioxidant capacity of maize treated with the combination of MPs + N was better than that treated with N or MPs alone. N could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of MPs on wheat by improving the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dengyun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zixin Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengting Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yusui Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wansheng Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Lucas M, Diaz-Espejo A, Romero-Jimenez D, Peinado-Torrubia P, Delgado-Vaquero A, Álvarez R, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Chloride reduces plant nitrate requirement and alleviates low nitrogen stress symptoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108717. [PMID: 38761542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) is traditionally categorized as an antagonist of nitrate (NO3-) because Cl- hinders plant NO3- transport and accumulation. However, we have recently defined Cl- as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, due to specific functions that lead to more efficient use of water, nitrogen (N) and CO2 under optimal N and water supply. When accumulated in leaves at macronutrient levels, Cl- promotes growth through osmotic, physiological, metabolic, anatomical and cellular changes that improve plant performance under optimal NO3- nutrition. Nitrate over-fertilization in agriculture can adversely affect crop yield and nature, while its deficiency limits plant growth. To study the relationship between Cl- nutrition and NO3- availability, we have characterized different physiological responses such as growth and yield, N-use efficiency, water status, photosynthesis, leaf anatomy, pigments and antioxidants in tomato plants treated with or without 5 mM Cl- salts and increasing NO3- treatments (3-15 mM). First, we have demonstrated that 5 mM Cl- application can reduce the use of NO3- in the nutrient solution by up to half without detriment to plant growth and yield in tomato and other horticultural plants. Second, Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth under low-NO3- conditions. The Cl--dependent resistance to low-N stress resulted from: more efficient use of the available NO3-; improved plant osmotic and water status regulation; improved stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate; and better antioxidant response. We proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the crop ability to grow better with lower NO3- requirements and withstand N deficiency, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lucas
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain; Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - David Romero-Jimenez
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado-Vaquero
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Corrêa A, Ferrol N, Cruz C. Testing the trade-balance model: resource stoichiometry does not sufficiently explain AM effects. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1561-1575. [PMID: 38009528 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) effects on plant growth (MGR) are commonly assumed to result from cost : benefit balances, with C as the cost and, most frequently, P as the benefit. The trade-balance model (TBM) adopts these assumptions and hypothesizes that mycorrhizal benefit depends on C : N : P stoichiometry. Although widely accepted, the TBM has not been experimentally tested. We isolated the parameters included in the TBM and tested these assumptions using it as framework. Oryza sativa plants were supplied with different N : P ratios at low light level, establishing different C : P and C : N exchange rates, and C, N or P limitation. MGR and effects on nutrient uptake, %M, ERM, photosynthesis and shoot starch were measured. C distribution to AM fungi played no role in MGR, and N was essential for all AM effects, including on P nutrition. C distribution to AM and MGR varied with the limiting nutrient (N or P), and evidence of extensive interplay between N and P was observed. The TBM was not confirmed. The results agreed with the exchange of surplus resources and source-sink regulation of resource distribution among plants and AMF. Rather than depending on exchange rates, resource exchange may simply obey both symbiont needs, not requiring further regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Verrillo M, Cianciullo P, Cozzolino V, De Ruberto F, Maresca V, Di Fraia A, Fusaro L, Manes F, Basile A. Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1154. [PMID: 38674563 PMCID: PMC11055132 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of new natural antibiotics is considered as the heart of several investigations in the nutraceutical field. In this work, leaves of Quercus ilex L. treated by tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, exhibited a clear antimicrobial efficacy against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (two gram-positive and three gram-negative). Under controlled conditions, it was studied how simulated N deposition influences the response to O3 and the antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and antioxidant performance. The extraction was performed by ultra-pure acetone using two different steps. A higher antioxidant activity was measured in the presence of interaction between O3 and N treatments on Quercus leaves. At the same time, all organic extracts tested have shown bacteriostatic activity against all the tested strains with a MIC comprised between 9 and 4 micrograms/mL, and a higher antioxidant efficacy shown by spectrophotometric assay. Stronger antimicrobial activity was found in the samples treated with O3, whereas N-treated plants exhibited an intermediate antibacterial performance. This performance is related to the stimulation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system induced by the oxidative stress, which results in an increase in the production of antimicrobial bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Cianciullo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Alessia Di Fraia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Lina Fusaro
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
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Jian S, Wan S, Lin Y, Zhong C. Nitrogen Sources Reprogram Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism to Promote Andrographolide Biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3990. [PMID: 38612797 PMCID: PMC11012798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms participate in N source-regulated secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, but the specific mechanisms involved remain to be investigated. By using nitrate (NN), ammonium (AN), urea (UN), and glycine (GN), respectively, as sole N sources, we found that N sources remarkably affected the contents of diterpenoid lactone components along with C and N metabolisms reprograming in Andrographis paniculata, as compared to NN, the other three N sources raised the levels of 14-deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide (except UN), and neoandrographolide (except AN) with a prominent accumulation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). These N sources also raised the photosynthetic rate and the levels of fructose and/or sucrose but reduced the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Conversely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and malate enzyme (ME) activities were upregulated. Simultaneously, citrate, cis-aconitate and isocitrate levels declined, and N assimilation was inhibited. These results indicated that AN, UN and GN reduced the metabolic flow of carbohydrates from glycolysis into the TCA cycle and downstream N assimilation. Furthermore, they enhanced arginine and GABA metabolism, which increased C replenishment of the TCA cycle, and increased ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) levels. Thus, we proposed that the N sources reprogrammed C and N metabolism, attenuating the competition of N assimilation for C, and promoting the synthesis and accumulation of andrographolide through plant hormone signaling. To obtain a higher production of andrographolide in A. paniculata, AN fertilizer is recommended in its N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Jian
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Si Wan
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yang Lin
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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Li W, Liu J, Li Z, Ye R, Chen W, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zheng P, Fang Z, Tao Z, Song S, Pan R, Zhang J, Tu J, Sheen J, Du H. Mitigating growth-stress tradeoffs via elevated TOR signaling in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:240-257. [PMID: 38053337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice production accounts for approximately half of the freshwater resources utilized in agriculture, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions such as methane (CH4) from flooded paddy fields. To address this challenge, environmentally friendly and cost-effective water-saving techniques have become widely adopted in rice cultivation. However, the implementation of water-saving treatments (WSTs) in paddy-field rice has been associated with a substantial yield loss of up to 50% as well as a reduction in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In this study, we discovered that the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is compromised in rice under WST. Polysome profiling-coupled transcriptome sequencing (polysome-seq) analysis unveiled a substantial reduction in global translation in response to WST associated with the downregulation of TOR activity. Molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses revealed new insights into the impact of the positive TOR-S6K-RPS6 and negative TOR-MAF1 modules on translation repression under WST. Intriguingly, ammonium exhibited a greater ability to alleviate growth constraints under WST by enhancing TOR signaling, which simultaneously promoted uptake and utilization of ammonium and nitrogen allocation. We further demonstrated that TOR modulates the ammonium transporter AMT1;1 as well as the amino acid permease APP1 and dipeptide transporter NPF7.3 at the translational level through the 5' untranslated region. Collectively, these findings reveal that enhancing TOR signaling could mitigate rice yield penalty due to WST by regulating the processes involved in protein synthesis and NUE. Our study will contribute to the breeding of new rice varieties with increased water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruiqiang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huayi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jumim Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Alrajhi K, Bibi S, Abu-Dieyeh M. Diversity, Distribution, and applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103911. [PMID: 38268781 PMCID: PMC10805673 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) received extreme interests among scientist including agronomists and environmental scientists. This interest is linked to advantages provided by AMF in enhancing the nutrients of their hosts via improving photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant production. Further, it also positively alters the production of plant hormones. AMF through its associations with plants obtain carbon while in exchange, provide nutrients. AMF have been reported to improve the growth of Tageteserecta, Zea mays, Panicum turgidum, Arachis hypogaea, Triticum aestivum and others. This review further documented the occurrence, diversity, distribution, and agricultural applications of AMF species reported in the Arabian Peninsula. Overall, we documented 20 genera and 61 species of Glomeromycota in the Arabian Peninsula representing 46.51 % of genera and 17.88 % of species of AMF known so far. Funneliformis mosseae has found to be the most widely distributed species followed by Claroideoglomus etuicatum. There are 35 research articles focused on Arabian Peninsula where the stress conditions like drought, salinity and pollutants are prevailed. Only one group studied the influence of AMF on disease resistance, while salinity, drought, and cadmium stresses were investigated in 18, 6, and 4 investigations, respectively. The genus Glomus was the focus of most studies. The conducted research in the Arabian Peninsula is not enough to understand AMF taxonomy and their functional role in plant growth. Expanding the scope of detection of AMF, especially in coastal areas is essential. Future studies on biodiversity of AMF are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazna Alrajhi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shazia Bibi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Jonsson H, Olofsson J, Blume-Werry G, Klaminder J. Cascading effects of earthworm invasion increase graminoid density and rodent grazing intensities. Ecology 2024; 105:e4212. [PMID: 37996966 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human-mediated dispersal of non-native earthworms can cause substantial changes to the functioning and composition of ecosystems previously earthworm-free. Some of these earthworm species have the potential to "geoengineer" soils and increase plant nitrogen (N) uptake. Yet the possible consequences of increased plant N concentrations on rodent grazing remains poorly understood. In this study, we present findings from a common garden experiment with two tundra communities, meadow (forb dominated) and heath (shrub dominated), half of them subjected to 4 years of earthworm presence (Lumbricus spp. and Aporrectodea spp.). Within four summers, our earthworm treatment changed plant community composition by increasing graminoid density by, on average, 94% in the heath vegetation and by 49% in the meadow. Rodent winter grazing was more intense on plants growing in soils with earthworms, an effect that coincided with higher N concentrations in plants, indicating a higher palatability. Even though earthworms reduced soil moisture, plant community productivity, as indicated by vegetation greenness (normalized difference vegetation index), was not negatively impacted. We conclude that earthworm-induced changes in plant composition and trophic interactions may fundamentally alter the functioning of tundra ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gesche Blume-Werry
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Dhawi F. Abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet: Unraveling molecular mechanisms via transcriptomics. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241237610. [PMID: 38500301 PMCID: PMC10953032 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241237610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) is a vital cereal crop renowned for its ability to thrive in challenging environmental conditions; however, the molecular mechanisms governing its salt stress tolerance remain poorly understood. To address this gap, next-generation RNA sequencing was conducted to compare gene expression patterns in pearl millet seedlings exposed to salt stress with those grown under normal conditions. Our RNA sequencing analysis focused on shoots from 13-day-old pearl millet plants subjected to either salinity stress (150 mmol of NaCl for 3 days) or thermal stress (50°C for 60 s). Of 36,041 genes examined, 17,271 genes with fold changes ranging from 2.2 to 19.6 were successfully identified. Specifically, 2388 genes were differentially upregulated in response to heat stress, whereas 4327 genes were downregulated. Under salt stress conditions, 2013 genes were upregulated and 4221 genes were downregulated. Transcriptomic analysis revealed four common abiotic KEGG pathways that play crucial roles in the response of pearl millet to salt and heat stress: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. These metabolic pathways are necessary for pearl millet to withstand and adapt to abiotic stresses caused by salt and heat. Moreover, the pearl millet shoot heat stress group showed specific transcriptomics related to KEEG metabolic pathways such as cytochrome P450, cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, crocin biosynthesis, ginsenoside biosynthesis, saponin biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites. In contrast, pearl millet shoots exposed to salinity stress exhibited transcriptomic changes associated with KEEG metabolic pathways related to carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, mismatch repair, and nitrogen metabolism. Our findings underscore the remarkable cross-tolerance of pearl millet to simultaneous salt and heat stress, elucidated through the activation of shared abiotic KEGG pathways. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of transcriptomics analysis in unraveling the molecular responses of pearl millet under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Dhawi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Li Q, Fu H, Yu X, Wen X, Guo H, Guo Y, Li J. The SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2-CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 module coordinates plant growth and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:391-404. [PMID: 37721807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
High salinity stress promotes plant ethylene biosynthesis and triggers the ethylene signalling response. However, the precise mechanism underlying how plants transduce ethylene signalling in response to salt stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2 (SOS2) inhibits the kinase activity of CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) by phosphorylating the 87th serine (S87). This phosphorylation event activates the ethylene signalling response, leading to enhanced plant salt resistance. Furthermore, through genetic analysis, we determined that the loss of CTR1 or the gain of SOS2-mediated CTR1 phosphorylation both contribute to improved plant salt tolerance. Additionally, in the sos2 mutant, we observed compromised proteolytic processing of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) and reduced nuclear localization of EIN2 C-terminal fragments (EIN2-C), which correlate with decreased accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3). Collectively, our findings unveil the role of the SOS2-CTR1 regulatory module in promoting the activation of the ethylene signalling pathway and enhancing plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, Alhussaen KM, El-Alosey AR, AlOmrani MAM, Kalaji HM. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles require K + and hydrogen sulfide to regulate nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism during adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122008. [PMID: 37356795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants face severe yield losses worldwide owing to their exposure to multiple abiotic stresses. The study described here, was conducted to comprehend the response of cucumber seedlings to drought (induced by 15% w/v polyethylene glycol 8000; PEG) and nickel (Ni) stress in presence or absence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nTiO2). In addition, it was also investigated how nitrogen (N) and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the defense system, are affected by endogenous potassium (K+) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Cucumber seedlings were subjected to Ni stress and drought, which led to oxidative stress and triggered the defense system. Under the stress, N and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially affected. Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with nTiO2 (15 mg L-1) enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system and elevated N and carbohydrates metabolism. Application of nTiO2 also enhanced the accumulation of phytochelatins and activity of the enzymes of glyoxalase system that provided additional protection against the metal and toxic methylglyoxal. Osmotic stress brought on by PEG and Ni, was countered by the increase of proline and carbohydrates levels, which helped the seedlings keep their optimal level of hydration. Application nTiO2 improved the biosynthesis of H2S and K+ retention through regulating Cys biosynthesis and H+-ATPase activity, respectively. Observed outcomes lead to the conclusion that nTiO2 maintains redox homeostasis, and normal functioning of N and carbohydrates metabolism that resulted in the protection of cucumber seedlings against drought and Ni stress. Use of 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K+- channel blocker), 500 μM sodium orthovanadate (PM H+-ATPase inhibitor), and 1 mM hypotaurine (H2S scavenger) demonstrate that endogenous K+ and H2S were crucial for the nTiO2-induced modulation of plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M Alhussaen
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Rafat El-Alosey
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Melash AA, Bogale AA, Bytyqi B, Nyandi MS, Ábrahám ÉB. Nutrient management: as a panacea to improve the caryopsis quality and yield potential of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) under the changing climatic conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232675. [PMID: 37701803 PMCID: PMC10493400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human population and the changing climate, which have given rise to frequent drought spells, pose a serious threat to global food security, while identification of high-yielding drought-tolerant genotypes coupled with nutrient management remains a proficient approach to cope with these challenges. An increase in seasonal temperature, recurring drought stress, and elevated atmospheric CO2 are alarmingly affecting durum wheat production, productivity, grain quality, and the human systems it supports. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide can improve wheat grain yield in a certain amount, but the right amount of nutrients, water, and other required conditions should be met to realize this benefit. Nutrients including nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur supply could alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress by enhancing antioxidant defense and improving nitrogen assimilation, although the effects on plant tolerance to drought stress varied with nitrogen ionic forms. The application of sewage sludge to durum wheat also positively impacts its drought stress tolerance by triggering high accumulation of osmoregulators, improving water retention capacity in the soil, and promoting root growth. These beneficial effect of nutrients contribute to durum wheat ability to withstand and recover from abiotic stress conditions, ultimately enhance its productivity and resilience. While these nutrients can provide benefits when applied in appropriate amounts, their excessive use can lead to adverse environmental consequences. Advanced technologies such as precision nutrient management, unmanned aerial vehicle-based spraying, and anaerobic digestion play significant roles in reducing the negative effects associated with nutrients like sewage sludge, zinc, nanoparticles and silicon fertilizers. Hence, nutrient management practices offer significant potential to enhance the caryopsis quality and yield potential of durum wheat. Through implementing tailored nutrient management strategies, farmers, breeders, and agronomists can contribute to sustainable durum wheat production, ensuring food security and maintaining the economic viability of the crop under the changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Agezew Melash
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Assefa Bogale
- Institute of Crop Production, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bekir Bytyqi
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhoja Sylivester Nyandi
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Babett Ábrahám
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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13
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Soualiou S, Duan F, Li X, Zhou W. Nitrogen supply alleviates cold stress by increasing photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation in maize seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3142-3162. [PMID: 36847687 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress inhibits the early growth of maize, leading to reduced productivity. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that stimulates maize growth and productivity, but the relationship between N availability and cold tolerance is poorly characterized. Therefore, we studied the acclimation of maize under combined cold stress and N treatments. Exposure to cold stress caused a decline in growth and N assimilation, but increased abscisic acid (ABA) and carbohydrate accumulation. The application of different N concentrations from the priming stage to the recovery period resulted in the following observations: (i) high N supply alleviated cold stress-dependent growth inhibition, as shown by increased biomass, chlorophyll and Rubisco content and PSII efficiency; (ii) cold stress-induced ABA accumulation was repressed under high N, presumably due to enhanced stomatal conductance; (iii) the mitigating effects of high N on cold stress could be due to the increased activities of N assimilation enzymes and improved redox homeostasis. After cold stress, the ability of maize seedlings to recover increased under high N treatment, indicating the potential role of high N in the cold stress tolerance of maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soualihou Soualiou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
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Mishra D, Chitara MK, Upadhayay VK, Singh JP, Chaturvedi P. Plant growth promoting potential of urea doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles in finger millet ( Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137002. [PMID: 37255562 PMCID: PMC10225717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a leading threat that impinges on plant growth and productivity. Nanotechnology is considered an adequate tool for resolving various environmental issues by offering avant-garde and pragmatic solutions. Using nutrients in the nano-scale including CaP-U NPs is a novel fertilization strategy for crops. The present study was conducted to develop and utilize environment-friendly urea nanoparticles (NPs) based nano-fertilizers as a crop nutrient. The high solubility of urea molecules was controlled by integrating them with a matrix of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs). CaP NPs contain high phosphorous and outstanding biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to characterize the fabricated NPs. FE-SEM determined no areas of phase separation in urea and calcium phosphate, indicating the successful formation of an encapsulated nanocomposite between the two nano matrices. TEM examination confirmed a fiber-like structure of CaP-U NPs with 15 to 50 nm diameter and 100 to 200 nm length. The synthesized CaP-U NPs and bulk urea (0.0, 0.1% and 0.5%) were applied by foliar sprays at an interval of 15 days on pre-sowed VL-379 variety of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.), under irrigated and drought conditions. The application of the CaP-U NPs significantly enhanced different plant growth attributes such as shoot length (29.4 & 41%), root length (46.4 & 51%), shoot fresh (33.6 & 55.8%) and dry weight (63 & 59.1%), and root fresh (57 & 61%) and dry weight (78 & 80.7%), improved pigment system (chlorophyll) and activated plant defense enzymes such as proline (35.4%), superoxide dismutase (47.7%), guaiacol peroxidase (30.2%), ascorbate peroxidase (70%) under both irrigated and drought conditions. Superimposition of five treatment combinations on drought suggested that CaP-U NPs at 0.5 followed by 0.1% provided the highest growth indices and defense-related enzymes, which were significantly different. Overall, our findings suggested that synthesized CaP-U NPs treatment of finger millet seeds improved plant growth and enzymatic regulation, particularly more in drought conditions providing insight into the strategy for not only finger millet but probably for other commercial cereals crops which suffer from fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (U.K.), India
| | - Manoj Kumar Chitara
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Jagat Pal Singh
- Department of Physics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (U.K.), India
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15
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Sintim HY, Hand LC, Virk G, Pokhrel A. Differential sensitivities of photosynthetic processes and carbon loss mechanisms govern N-induced variation in net carbon assimilation rate for field-grown cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2638-2652. [PMID: 36715336 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency limits the net carbon assimilation rate (AN), but the relative N sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes and carbon loss mechanisms remain relatively unexplored for field-grown cotton. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to define the relative sensitivity of individual physiological processes driving N deficiency-induced declines in AN for field-grown cotton. Among the potential diffusional limitations evaluated, mesophyll conductance was the only parameter substantially reduced by N deficiency, but this did not affect CO2 availability in the chloroplast. A number of metabolic processes were negatively impacted by N deficiency, and these effects were more pronounced at lower leaf positions in the cotton canopy. Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration and carboxylation, AN, and gross photosynthesis were the most sensitive metabolic processes to N deficiency, whereas photosynthetic electron transport processes, electron flux to photorespiration, and dark respiration exhibited intermediate sensitivity to N deficiency. Among thylakoid-specific processes, the quantum yield of PSI end electron acceptor reduction was the most sensitive process to N deficiency. It was concluded that AN is primarily limited by Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration under N deficiency in field-grown cotton, and the differential N sensitivities of the photosynthetic process and carbon loss mechanisms contributed significantly to photosynthetic declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Henry Y Sintim
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Lavesta C Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Amrit Pokhrel
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
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Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, AlSolami MA, Alhussaen KM, AlZuaibr FM, Siddiqui ZH, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD. Melatonin involves hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of H +-ATPase activity, nitrogen metabolism, and ascorbate-glutathione system under chromium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121173. [PMID: 36740162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with chromium (Cr) jeopardized agriculture production globally. The current study was planned with the aim to better comprehend how melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulate antioxidant defense system, potassium (K) homeostasis, and nitrogen (N) metabolism in tomato seedlings under Cr toxicity. The data reveal that application of 30 μM Mel to the seedlings treated with 25 μM Cr has a positive effect on H2S metabolism that resulted in a considerable increase in H2S. Exogenous Mel improved phytochelatins content and H+-ATPase activity with an associated increase in K content as well. Use of tetraethylammonium chloride (K+-channel blocker) and sodium orthovanadate (H+-ATPase inhibitor) showed that Mel maintained K homeostasis through regulating H+-ATPase activity under Cr toxicity. Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with Mel substantially scavenged excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that maintained ROS homeostasis. Reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation were additional signs of Mel's ROS scavenging effects. In addition, Mel also maintained normal functioning of nitrogen (N) metabolism and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system. Improved level of N fulfilled its requirement for various enzymes that have induced resilience during Cr stress. Additionally, the AsA-GSH cycle's proper operation maintained redox equilibrium, which is necessary for the biological system to function normally. Conversely, 1 mM hypotaurine (H2S scavenger) abolished the Mel-effect and again Cr-induced impairment on the above-mentioned parameters was observed even in presence of Mel. Therefore, based on the observed findings, we concluded that Mel needs endogenous H2S to alleviate Cr-induced impairments in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Jangipur, India
| | - Mazen A AlSolami
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M Alhussaen
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M AlZuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid H Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal A, Huiping G, Qiang D, Xiangru W, Hengheng Z, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Differential responses of contrasting low phosphorus tolerant cotton genotypes under low phosphorus and drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 36997867 PMCID: PMC10061777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main reasons for low phosphorus (P) solubility and availability. AIMS The use of low P tolerant cotton genotypes might be a possible option to grow in drought conditions. METHODS This study investigates the tolerance to drought stress in contrasting low P-tolerant cotton genotypes (Jimian169; strong tolerant to low P and DES926; weak tolerant to low P). In hydroponic culture, the drought was artificially induced with 10% PEG in both cotton genotypes followed by low (0.01 mM KH2PO4) and normal (1 mM KH2PO4) P application. RESULTS The results showed that under low P, PEG-induced drought greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, P use efficiency, and led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these effects were more in DES926 than Jimian169. Moreover, Jimian169 alleviated oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant system, photosynthetic activities, and an increase in the levels of osmoprotectants like free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and proline. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the low P-tolerant cotton genotype can tolerate drought conditions through high photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
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Wang H, Zhong L, Fu X, Huang S, Zhao D, He H, Chen X. Physiological analysis reveals the mechanism of accelerated growth recovery for rice seedlings by nitrogen application after low temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133592. [PMID: 36875613 PMCID: PMC9978396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and overcast rain are harmful to directly seeding early rice, it can hinder rice growth and lower rice biomass during the seedling stage, which in turn lowers rice yield. Farmers usually use N to help rice recuperate after stress and minimize losses. However, the effect of N application on the growth recovery for rice seedlings after such low temperature stress and its associated physiological changes remain unclearly. Two temperature settings and four post-stress N application levels were used in a bucket experiment to compare B116 (strong growth recovery after stress) with B144 (weak growth recovery). The results showed that the stress (average daily temperature at 12°C for 4 days) inhibited the growth of rice seedlings. Compared to the zero N group, the N application group's seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight significantly increased after 12 days. In particular, the increases in all three growth indicators were relatively higher than that of N application at normal temperature, indicating the importance of N application to rice seedlings after low temperature stress. The antioxidant enzyme activity of rice seedlings increased significantly after N application, which reduced the damaging effect of ROS (reactive oxygen species) to rice seedlings. At the same time, the soluble protein content of seedlings showed a slow decrease, while the H2O2 and MDA (malondialdehyde) content decreased significantly. Nitrogen could also promote nitrogen uptake and utilization by increasing the expression of genes related to NH 4 + and NO 3 - uptake and transport, as well as improving the activity of NR (nitrate reductase) and GS (glutamine synthetase) in rice. N could affect GA3 (gibberellin A3) and ABA (abscisic acid) levels by regulating the anabolism of GA3 and ABA. The N application group maintained high ABA levels as well as low GA3 levels from day 0 to day 6, and high GA3 levels as well as low ABA levels from day 6 to day 12. The two rice varieties showed obvious characteristics of accelerated growth recovery and positive physiological changes by nitrogen application after stress, while B116 generally showed more obvious growth recovery and stronger growth-related physiological reaction than that of B144. The N application of 40 kg hm-2 was more conducive to the rapid recovery of rice growth after stress. The above results indicated that appropriate N application promoted rice seedling growth recovery after low temperature stress mainly by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes as well as regulating the levels of GA3 and ABA. The results of this study will provide a reference for the regulation of N on the recovery of rice seedling growth after low temperature and weak light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoquan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Desheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Chattha MS, Ali Q, Haroon M, Afzal MJ, Javed T, Hussain S, Mahmood T, Solanki MK, Umar A, Abbas W, Nasar S, Schwartz-Lazaro LM, Zhou L. Enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency through agronomic and molecular based approaches in cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994306. [PMID: 36237509 PMCID: PMC9552886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a major fiber crop grown worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for cotton production and supports efficient crop production. It is a crucial nutrient that is required more than any other. Nitrogen management is a daunting task for plants; thus, various strategies, individually and collectively, have been adopted to improve its efficacy. The negative environmental impacts of excessive N application on cotton production have become harmful to consumers and growers. The 4R's of nutrient stewardship (right product, right rate, right time, and right place) is a newly developed agronomic practice that provides a solid foundation for achieving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cotton production. Cropping systems are equally crucial for increasing production, profitability, environmental growth protection, and sustainability. This concept incorporates the right fertilizer source at the right rate, time, and place. In addition to agronomic practices, molecular approaches are equally important for improving cotton NUE. This could be achieved by increasing the efficacy of metabolic pathways at the cellular, organ, and structural levels and NUE-regulating enzymes and genes. This is a potential method to improve the role of N transporters in plants, resulting in better utilization and remobilization of N in cotton plants. Therefore, we suggest effective methods for accelerating NUE in cotton. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of agronomic and molecular approaches for improving NUE in cotton production, which benefits both the environment and growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Chattha
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Qurban Ali
- Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Manoj K. Solanki
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aisha Umar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Abbas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanza Nasar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Huang W, Han S, Wang L, Li W. Carbon and nitrogen metabolic regulation in freshwater plant Ottelia alismoides in response to carbon limitation: A metabolite perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962622. [PMID: 36186073 PMCID: PMC9522611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism are basic, but pivotal metabolic pathways in plants and are tightly coupled. Maintaining the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism is critical for plant survival. Comprehensively revealing the metabolic balance of carbon-nitrogen interactions is important and helpful for understanding the adaptation of freshwater plants to CO2 limited aqueous environment. A comprehensive metabolomics analysis combined with physiological measurement was performed in the freshwater plant Ottelia alismoides acclimated to high and low CO2, respectively, for a better understanding of how the carbon and nitrogen metabolic adjustment in freshwater plants respond to carbon limitation. The present results showed that low CO2 acclimated O. alismoides exhibited significant diurnal titratable acidity and malate fluctuations, as well as an opposite diel pattern of starch change and high enzymatic activities required for crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, which indicates that CAM was induced under low CO2. Moreover, the metabolomic analysis showed that most intermediates of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were increased under low CO2, indicative of active respiration in low-CO2-treated O. alismoides. Meanwhile, the majority of amino acids involved in pathways of glutamate and arginine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism were significantly increased under low CO2. Notably, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level was significantly higher in low CO2 conditions, indicating a typical response with GABA shunt compensated for energy deprivation at low CO2. Taken together, we conclude that in low-CO2-stressed O. alismoides, CAM photosynthesis was induced, leading to higher carbon and nitrogen as well as energy requirements. Correspondingly, the respiration was greatly fueled via numerous starch degradation to ensure CO2 fixation in dark, while accompanied by linked promoted N metabolism, presumably to produce energy and alternative carbon sources and nitrogenous substances for supporting the operation of CAM and enhancing tolerance for carbon limitation. This study not only helps to elucidate the regulating interaction between C and N metabolism to adapt to different CO2 but also provides novel insights into the effects of CO2 variation on the metabolic profiling of O. alismoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Huang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijuan Han
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
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21
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Tian J, Pang Y, Yuan W, Peng J, Zhao Z. Growth and nitrogen metabolism in Sophora japonica (L.) as affected by salinity under different nitrogen forms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111347. [PMID: 35700842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sophora japonica is a leguminous tree species native to China. To explore the nitrogen (N) source preference and its impact on stress tolerance, a hydroponic experiment was designed in which S. japonica seedlings were supplied with sole ammonium (NH4+) or sole nitrate (NO3-) nutrition under 75 mM NaCl-induced salt stress. The growth and N metabolism performance were investigated. In the absence of NaCl, plants fed NH4+ showed better root growth than those fed NO3-, but there was no difference in aerial part growth. Salinity inhibited the root growth of NH4+-fed plants and the shoot growth of NO3--fed plants, while the total N accumulation was suppressed under either N form. Specifically, in NH4+-fed plants, salinity significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, root NH4+ content and root antioxidant enzyme activities. Higher nitrate reductase (NR) activities but lower glutamate synthetase (GS) activities were observed in both leaves and roots. Leaf AMT1.1 and AMT2.1a in NH4+-fed plants positively reacted to salt stress, whereas the expression of four AMTs was reduced or remained unchanged in roots. In contrast, salinity suppressed the net photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and GS activity in the leaves of NO3--fed plants. Upregulation of NPF1.2, NPF2.11, NPF4.6 and NPF7.3, as well as unaltered NR activity, caused higher NO3- content in the leaves. Moreover, NR and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities together with the transcription of most NRTs were promoted by salinity in the roots of NO3--fed plants. Additionally, compared to those treated with NH4+, in response to salinity, NO3--treated seedlings showed more intensive repression of the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and both shoot and root growth. Overall, these results suggest that S. japonica plants grew better in NH4+ medium than in NO3- medium, and the different N metabolism responses improved S. japonica tolerance to salinity with NH4+ application. This study provides new insights for understanding the mechanism of salt tolerance, breeding resistant varieties of S. japonica, and developing scientific fertilization management strategies during the seedling cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenshan Yuan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jieying Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Nadeem F, Mahmood R, Sabir M, Khan WUD, Haider MS, Wang R, Zhong Y, Ishfaq M, Li X. Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] over-accumulates ammonium under low nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:35-44. [PMID: 35660775 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a primary limiting factor for crop production worldwide. Previously, we reported root system architectural modifications of hydroponically cultured foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] to facilitate N translocation under N limitation. Here, we investigated foxtail millet for its shoot adaptation to low N in terms of internal N regulation under hydroponic culture. The results of this study revealed that the shoot N and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations significantly declined as compared to control (CK); however, the shoot over-accumulated ammonium (NH4+) under low N (LN). N shortage resulted in down-regulation of expressions of SiPetA, SiccsA, SipsbA, SirpoB, SipsaA, SiatpA, Sirps16, and SiPEPC which, undermined chloroplast functioning and CO2 assimilation for the provision of carbon skeleton. Carbon deficiency and lower activities of GS decelerated ammonia assimilation and led to over-accumulation of NH4+ in the LN-shoot, as indicated by lower concentrations of total amino acids. Thus, enhanced GOGAT activity was to assimilate NH4+ while, those of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) of NH4+ toxicity framework. The weakened chloroplast factory eventually minimized photosynthesis and reduced dry mass of the LN shoot. Such regulation of N by the shoot, perhaps, resurrected physiological functions which maintained internal mineral status under nitrogen limitation in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Nadeem
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Soil Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mahmood
- Department of Soil Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sabir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Waqas-Ud-Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ruifeng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Physiological responses of Amaranthus cruentus L. to drought stress under sufficient- and deficient-nitrogen conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270849. [PMID: 35793322 PMCID: PMC9258897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability are two major environmental factors that can impair plant growth, and when combined, their effects on plant performance can be either intensified or reduced. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of nitrogen availability on the responses of Amaranthus cruentus’s metabolism to water stress. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots filled with vermiculite, kept under greenhouse conditions, and were watered three times a week with 70% of a full strength nitrogen-free Long Ashton solution, containing 1.97 or 9.88 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Photosynthetic parameters were evaluated in planta, and leaves were harvested for chemical analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and phenolic contents. Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols. Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites but increased the proline under high nitrogen and negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitrate. The negative effect was more pronounced under high nitrogen supply. The results show that the addition of a high amount of nitrogen made the physiological processes of plants more sensitive to water stress, indicating that the plant response to water restriction depends on the interaction between the different environmental stressors to which the plants are subjected.
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Cao L, Qin B, Gong Z, Zhang Y. Melatonin improves nitrogen metabolism during grain filling under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1477-1488. [PMID: 36051233 PMCID: PMC9424397 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drought affects the normal growth and development of soybeans. Melatonin reportedly alleviates drought stress-induced growth inhibition and plant injury, thus, its foliar application presumably has considerable potential in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism responsible for its effects on soybean nitrogen metabolism. In this study, pot culture and plant physiological detection, qPCR, and other methods were used for analysis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of melatonin and melanin on glutathione metabolism. The results showed that drought stress led to an increase in soluble protein and proline content, concomitantly with a decrease in the activity of nitrogen metabolism-related key enzymes, an increase in inorganic nitrogen content, and a reduction in nitrogen accumulation and transport. Exogenous melatonin application under drought stress significantly increased the expression of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and the activity of key enzymes including, GOGAT, NR, Gs and GDH. Enhanced enzyme activity promotes the conversion of nitrate nitrogen in plants, increases proline, soluble protein, and ureide contents, and, consequently, nitrogen accumulation. Altogether, these changes were conducive to greater nitrogen assimilation and transport. Therefore, under drought stress, melatonin application upregulated key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, thereby enhancing the activity of related enzymes and restoring growth, stable biomass production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01219-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150006 Heilongjiang China
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, China
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150006 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, China
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Nitrogen Modulates the Effects of Short-Term Heat, Drought and Combined Stresses after Anthesis on Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
More frequent and more intense heat waves and greater drought stress will occur in the future climate environment. Short-term extreme heat and drought stress often occur simultaneously after winter wheat anthesis, which has become the major constraint threatening future wheat yield. In this study, short-term heat, drought and their combination stress were applied to wheat plants after anthesis, and all wheat plants were restored to the outdoor normal temperature and full watering after stress treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of nitrogen (N) in modulating the effects of post-anthesis short-term heat, drought and their combination stress on photosynthesis, N metabolism-related enzymes, the accumulation of N and protein and growth, as well as on the yield and water (WUE) and N use efficiency (NUE) of wheat after stress treatment. The results showed that compared with low N application (N1), medium application (N2) enhanced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS) in grains under post-anthesis heat and drought stress alone, which provided a basis for the accumulation of N and protein in grains at the later stage of growth. Under post-anthesis individual stresses, N2 or high application (N3) increased the leaf photosynthetic rate (An), PSII photochemical efficiency and instantaneous WUE compared with N1, whereas these parameters were usually significantly improved by N1 application under post-anthesis combined stress. The positive effect of increased An by N application on growth was well represented in a higher green leaf area, aboveground dry mass and plant height, and the variation in An can be explained more accurately by the N content per unit leaf area. Short-term heat, drought and combined stress after anthesis resulted in a pronounced decrease in yield by reducing grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight. The reduction in NUE under combined stress was higher than that under individual heat and drought stress. Compared with N1, N2 or N3 application significantly prevented the decrease in yield and NUE caused by post-anthesis heat and drought stress alone. However, N1 application was conducive to improving the productivity, WUE and NUE of wheat when exposed to post-anthesis combined stress. The current data indicated that under short-term individual heat and drought stress after anthesis, appropriately increasing N application effectively improved the growth and physiological activity of wheat compared with N1, alleviating the reduction in yield, WUE and NUE. However, under combined stress conditions, reducing N application (N1) may be a suitable strategy to compensate for the decrease in yield, WUE and NUE.
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Wu S, Tian J, Ren T, Wang Y. Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant System Regulated by Nitrogen Deposition Improve Photosynthetic and Growth Performance and Alleviate Oxidative Damage in Dwarf Bamboo Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819071. [PMID: 35498701 PMCID: PMC9047053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo (Fargesia denudata) is a staple food for the endangered giant pandas and plays a critical role in the sub-alpine ecosystem. Characterized by shallow roots and expeditious growth, it is exceedingly susceptible to drought stress and nitrogen (N) deposition in the context of a changing global environment. However, a comprehensive picture about the interactive response mechanism of dwarf bamboo to the two factors, water regime and N deposition, is far from being given. Therefore, a completely randomized design with two factors of water regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) and N deposition levels (with and without N addition) of F. denudata was conducted. In view of the obtained results, drought stress had an adverse impact on F. denudata, showing that it destroyed ultrastructure integrity and induced oxidative damage and restricted water status in leaves and roots, as well as declined photosynthetic efficiency in leaves, especially in N non-deposition plants. Nevertheless, F. denudata significantly increased heat dissipation in leaves, regulated antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidants contents, and osmoregulation substances concentrations in leaves and roots, as well as shifted biomass partitioning in response to drought stress. However, regardless of water availability, N deposition maintained better ultrastructure in leaves and roots, resulting in superior photosynthesis and growth of F. denudata. Additionally, although N deposition did not cause oxidative damage in well-watered plants, ameliorated the effects of drought stress on F. denudata through co-deploying heat dissipation in leaves, the antioxidant system in roots as well as osmotic adjustment in leaves and roots. Noticeably, the leaves and roots of F. denudata expressed quite distinct acclimation responses to drought resistance under N deposition.
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Waterlogged Conditions Influence the Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sugar Distribution in Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) at Seedling Stages. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050710. [PMID: 35270179 PMCID: PMC8912494 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) grows in well-drained mineral soil and in peatland with high groundwater levels until complete submersion. However, the published information on nutrient uptake and carbohydrate content in sago palms growing under waterlogging remains unreported. This experiment observed sago palm growth performance under normal soil conditions (non-submerged conditions) as a control plot and extended waterlogged conditions. Several parameters were analyzed: Plant morphological growth traits, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sugar concentration in the plant organ, including sucrose, glucose, starch, and non-structural carbohydrate. The analysis found that sago palm morphological growth traits were not significantly affected by extended waterlogging. However, waterlogging reduced carbohydrate levels in the upper part of the sago palm, especially the petiole, and increased sugar levels, especially glucose, in roots. Waterlogging also reduced N concentration in roots and leaflets and P in petioles. The K level was independent of waterlogging as the sago palm maintained a sufficient level in all of the plant organs. Long duration waterlogging may reduce the plant’s economic value as the starch level in the trunk decreases, although sago palm can grow while waterlogged.
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Trivedi K, Gopalakrishnan VAK, Kumar R, Ghosh A. Transcriptional Analysis of Maize Leaf Tissue Treated With Seaweed Extract Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.774978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract (KSWE) has been known for its plant biostimulant and stress alleviation activities on various crops. However, very few reports are available depicting its impact at the molecular level, which is crucial in identifying the mechanism of action of KSWE on plants. Here, maize leaf tissue of control and KSWE-treated plants were analyzed for their transcriptional changes under drought stress. KSWE was applied foliarly at the V5 stage of maize crop under drought, and leaf transcriptome analysis was performed. It was found that a total of 380 and 631 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively, due to the application of KSWE. Genes involved in nitrate transportation, signal transmission, photosynthesis, transmembrane transport of various ions, glycogen, and starch biosynthetic processes were found upregulated in KSWE-treated plants, while genes involved in the catabolism of polysaccharide molecules such as starch as well as cell wall macromolecules like chitin and protein degradation were found downregulated. An overview of differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic as well as regulatory processes in KSWE-treated plants was also analyzed via Mapman tool. Phytohormone signaling genes such as cytokinin-independent 1 (involved in cytokine signal transduction), Ent-kaurene synthase and GA20 oxidase (involved in gibberellin synthesis), and gene of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme activity (involved in ethylene synthesis) were found upregulated while 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (a gene involved in abscisic acid synthesis) was found downregulated due to the application of KSWE. Modulation of gene expression in maize leaf tissue in response to KSWE treatment elucidates mechanisms to ward off drought stress, which can be extended to understand similar phenomenon in other crops as well. This molecular knowledge can be utilized to make the use of KSWE more efficient and sustainable.
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Mondal R, Kumar A, Chattopadhyay SK. Structural property, molecular regulation, and functional diversity of glutamine synthetase in higher plants: a data-mining bioinformatics approach. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1565-1584. [PMID: 34628690 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS; E.C.6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme in higher plants with two isozymes, cytosolic GS1 and plastidic GS2, and involves in the assimilation and recycling of NH4+ ions and maintenance of complex traits such as crop nitrogen-use efficiency and yield. Our present understanding of crop nitrogen-use efficiency and its correlation with the functional role of the GS family genes is inadequate, which delays harnessing the benefit of this key enzyme in crop improvement. In this report, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the phylogenetic relationship, structural properties, complex multilevel gene regulation, and expression patterns of the GS genes to enrich present understanding about the enzyme. Our Gene Ontology and protein-protein interactions analysis revealed the functional aspects of GS isozymes in stress mitigation, aging, nucleotide biosynthesis/transport, DNA repair and response to metals. The insight gained here contributes to the future research strategies in developing climate-smart crops for global sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mondal
- Mulberry Tissue Culture Lab, Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC), Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textile, Govt. of India, Hosur, 635109, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Host Plant Section, Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textile, Govt. of India, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India
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Sekhar KM, Kota VR, Reddy TP, Rao KV, Reddy AR. Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO 2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:21-40. [PMID: 32632534 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO2 concentration [(CO2)]. Increase in atmospheric [CO2] significantly improved crop photosynthesis and productivity initially which vary with plant species, genotype, [CO2] exposure time and biotic as well as abiotic stress factors. Numerous attempts have been made using different plant species to unravel the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of elevated [CO2] as well as drought. This review focuses on plant responses to elevated [CO2] and drought individually as well as in combination with special reference to physiology of photosynthesis including its acclimation. Furthermore, the functional role of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relation to photosynthetic acclimation and crop productivity under elevated [CO2] and drought are reviewed. In addition, we also discussed different strategies to ameliorate the limitations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Further, improved stomatal and mesophyll conductance and NUE for enhanced crop productivity under fast changing global climate conditions through biotechnological approaches are also discussed here. We conclude that multiple gene editing approaches for key events in photosynthetic processes would serve as the best strategy to generate resilient crop plants with improved productivity under fast changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalva Madhana Sekhar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Vamsee Raja Kota
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - T Papi Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - K V Rao
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
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Li H, Li J, Zhang X, Shi T, Chai X, Hou P, Wang Y. Mesophyll conductance, photoprotective process and optimal N partitioning are essential to the maintenance of photosynthesis at N deficient condition in a wheat yellow-green mutant (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153469. [PMID: 34252704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency is the inhibition on CO2 assimilation regulated by light energy absorption, transport and conversion, as well as N allocation. In this study, a yellow-green wheat mutant (Jimai5265yg) and its wild type (Jimai5265, WT) were compared between 0 mM N (N0) and 14 mM N (N14) treatments using hydroponic experiments. The mutant exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (An) than WT despite low chlorophyll (Chl) content in non-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic advantages of the mutant were maintained under N deficient condition. The quantitative analysis of limitations to photosynthesis revealed that CO2 diffusion associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) was the dominant limitation. Relative easiness to gain CO2 in the chloroplast contributed to the higher An of Jimai5265yg. N deficiency induced the photoinhibition of PSII, but the cyclic electron transport and photochemical activity of PSI was higher in Jimai5265yg compared to Jimai5265, which was a protective mechanism to avoid photodamage. Because of the sharp drop of An, N deficient seedlings had much lower photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). However, N deficiency increased the relative content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) and decreased the relative content of storage N (Nstore). The range of change in N partitioning induced by N deficiency was smaller for Jimai5265yg compared to WT. The less insensitive to N deficiency for the mutant in terms of photosynthetic property and N partitioning suggested that gm, cyclic electron transport around PSI and more optimal N partitioning pattern is necessary to sustain photosynthesis under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peijia Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Singh A. Expression dynamics indicate the role of Jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway in regulating macronutrient (N, P and K +) deficiency tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1495-1512. [PMID: 34089089 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Expression pattern indicates that JA biosynthesis pathway via regulating JA levels might control root system architecture to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and N, P, K+ deficiency tolerance in rice. Deficiencies of macronutrients (N, P and K+) and consequent excessive use of fertilizers have dramatically reduced soil fertility. It calls for development of nutrient use efficient plants. Plants combat nutrient deficiencies by altering their root system architecture (RSA) to enhance the acquisition of nutrients from the soil. Amongst various phytohormones, Jasmonic acid (JA) is known to regulate plant root growth and modulate RSA. Therefore, to understand the role of JA in macronutrient deficiency in rice, expression pattern of JA biosynthesis genes was analyzed under N, P and K+ deficiencies. Several members belonging to different families of JA biosynthesis genes (PLA1, LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX and JAR1) showed differential expression exclusively in one nutrient deficiency or in multiple nutrient deficiencies. Expression analysis during developmental stages showed that several genes expressed significantly in vegetative tissues, particularly in root. In addition, JA biosynthesis genes were found to have significant expression under the treatment of different phytohormones, including Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), JA and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Analysis of promoters of these genes revealed various cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone response, plant development and abiotic stresses. These findings suggest that JA biosynthesis pathway by regulating the level of JA might control the RSA thus, it may help rice plant in combating macronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Alteration of Metabolites Accumulation in Maize Inbreds Leaf Tissue under Long-Term Water Deficit. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080694. [PMID: 34439927 PMCID: PMC8389289 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary As sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to diverse environmental stresses of which water deficit is the most significant because it limits plant growth, development, and productivity. In this work, we showed the influence of non-irrigation treatment on changes in maize leaf metabolite content. We argued that the different susceptibility of maize inbred lines to long-term water deficit will result in different patterns of change in metabolite accumulation. We emphasized the need for the careful interpretation of the level and type of accumulated metabolites in order to assess the drought tolerance status of maize inbred lines in terms of improved grain yield exhibited under severe water deficit conditions. Leaf metabolites that have contributed to higher grain yield under the condition of long-term water deficit could be considered as biochemical markers useful in breeding drought-tolerant maize. Abstract Plants reconfigure their metabolic pathways to cope with water deficit. The aim of this study was to determine the status of the physiological parameters and the content of phenolic acids in the upper most ear leaf of maize inbred lines contrasting in drought tolerance in terms of improved plant productivity e.g., increased grain yield. The experiment was conducted under irrigation and rain-fed conditions. In drought-tolerant lines, the effect of water deficit was reflected through a chlorophyll and nitrogen balance index increase followed by a flavonols index decrease. The opposite trend was noticed in drought susceptible inbreds, with the exception of the anthocyanins index. Moreover, in comparison to irrigation treatment, opposite trends in the correlations between grain yield and physiological parameters found under water deficit conditions indicated the activation of different metabolic pathways in defense against water deficit stress. Concerning phenolic acid content, water deficit caused the reduction of protocatechuic, caffeic, and sinapic acid in all inbreds evaluated. However, the highly pronounced increase of ferulic and especially cinnamic acid content under water deficit conditions indicated possible crucial role of these secondary metabolites in preventing the harmful effects of water deficit stress, which, in turn, might be useful in maize breeding selection for drought tolerance.
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Gazengel K, Aigu Y, Lariagon C, Humeau M, Gravot A, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Daval S. Nitrogen Supply and Host-Plant Genotype Modulate the Transcriptomic Profile of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701067. [PMID: 34305867 PMCID: PMC8298192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization can affect the susceptibility of Brassica napus to the telluric pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Our previous works highlighted that the influence of nitrogen can strongly vary regarding plant cultivar/pathogen strain combinations, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The present work aims to explore how nitrogen supply can affect the molecular physiology of P. brassicae through its life epidemiological cycle. A time-course transcriptome experiment was conducted to study the interaction, under two conditions of nitrogen supply, between isolate eH and two B. napus genotypes (Yudal and HD-018), harboring (or not harboring) low nitrogen-conditional resistance toward this isolate (respectively). P. brassicae transcriptional patterns were modulated by nitrogen supply, these modulations being dependent on both host-plant genotype and kinetic time. Functional analysis allowed the identification of P. brassicae genes expressed during the secondary phase of infection, which may play a role in the reduction of Yudal disease symptoms in low-nitrogen conditions. Candidate genes included pathogenicity-related genes ("NUDIX," "carboxypeptidase," and "NEP-proteins") and genes associated to obligate biotrophic functions of P. brassicae. This work illustrates the importance of considering pathogen's physiological responses to get a better understanding of the influence of abiotic factors on clubroot resistance/susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Daval
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
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Simbine MG, Mohammed M, Jaiswal SK, Dakora FD. Functional and genetic diversity of native rhizobial isolates nodulating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in Mozambican soils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12747. [PMID: 34140555 PMCID: PMC8211668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and symbiotic characterization of indigenous rhizobial isolates are the basis for inoculant formulations needed for sustainable grain legume production. This study screened for morpho-genetic diversity of indigenous cowpea nodulating rhizobia in farmers' fields across two contrasting agroecological zones of Northern Mozambique. The photosynthetic function induced by the isolates in their homologous cowpea was assessed. The results showed high genetic variability among the isolates based on morphology and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting. The trap cowpea genotype did not influence the diversity of isolates collected from the two different agroecologies, suggesting that the cowpea-rhizobia compatibility may be conserved at species level. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene assigned representative rhizobial isolates to species in the Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium genera, with some isolates showing high divergence from the known reference type strains. The isolates from both agroecologies highly varied in the number and biomass of nodules induced in the homologous cowpea, resulting in variable plant growth and photosynthetic activities. A total of 72% and 83% of the isolates collected from the agroecological zones 7 and 8 were respectively classified as highly effective candidates with > 80% relative effectiveness compared to plants fertilized with nitrate, indicating that elite native strains populated the studied soils. Moreover, the top 25% of high N2-fixing isolates from the two agroecologies recorded relative effectiveness ranging from 115 to 154%, values higher than the effectiveness induced by the commercial Bradyrhizobium sp. strain CB756. These strains are considered as having potential for use in inoculant formulations. However, future studies should be done to assess the ecologically adaptive traits and symbiotic performance under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida G. Simbine
- grid.412810.e0000 0001 0109 1328Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- grid.412810.e0000 0001 0109 1328Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ,grid.442305.40000 0004 0441 5393Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana ,grid.412810.e0000 0001 0109 1328Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Sanjay K. Jaiswal
- grid.412810.e0000 0001 0109 1328Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- grid.412810.e0000 0001 0109 1328Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
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Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Rout S, Chakraborty K, Swain P, Nayak PK, Nayak AK. Combined application of ascorbic acid and endophytic N-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 modulates photosynthetic efficacy, antioxidants and growth-promotion in rice under moisture deficit stress. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126808. [PMID: 34146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This group has previously reported the role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an antioxidant for survivability and ability to enhancing diazotrophic efficacy in Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress. However, the present study showed the combined application of AA and Avi2 in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen) and drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama) rice cultivars to determine their photosynthetic efficacy (chlorophyll fluorescence-imaging), antioxidants, and plant growth-promotion (PGP) under moisture deficit stress (MS, -60 kPa). The results indicated that combined application of AA and Avi2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total chlorophyll, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, super oxide dismutase, and catalase activities in all rice cultivars as compared to other MS treatments, whereas stress indicators like proline and H2O2 contents were proportionally increased under MS and their concentration were normalized under combined application of AA and Avi2. Photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, photosynthetic electron transport rate, and the effective quantum efficiency were found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Avi2 + AA as compared to other MS treatments. Moreover, rice roots harbored significantly (p < 0.05) higher copy number of nifH gene in Avi2 + AA treatment followed by Avi2 compared to flooded control and other MS treatments. Combined application of AA and Avi2 also increased the grain yield significantly (p < 0.05) by 7.09 % and 3.92 % in drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama, respectively) and 31.70 % and 34.19 % in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen, respectively) rice cultivars compared to MS treatment. Overall, the present study indicated that AA along with Avi2 could be an effective formulation to alleviate MS vis à vis enhances PGP traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Snehasini Rout
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - K Chakraborty
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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Shehab AESAE, Guo Y. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought on hydrocyanic acid accumulation and morpho-physiological parameters of sorghums. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3355-3365. [PMID: 33227149 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen fertilization can increase sorghum yield and quality and the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of animal toxicity, particularly under drought conditions. In this study, plants of three sorghum genotypes (sweet sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum) were supplemented with nitrogen (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 ) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, aiming to investigate the responses of morpho-physiological parameters and HCN accumulation to drought and nitrogen fertilization. RESULTS Drought caused a decline in growth and photosynthesis. Average HCN content increased by 27.85% in drought-stressed plants when compared with those in well-watered plants. Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O2 - , H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes. Maximum plant growth and higher plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed at 120 kg N ha-1 , followed by 90 and 60 kg N ha-1 . However, a sharp increase in HCN content and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when nitrogen rates increased from 90 to 120 kg N ha-1 , suggesting that 90 kg N ha-1 might be better for sorghums under drought conditions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that optimum nitrogen application on sorghum under drought conditions could achieve a balance between plant defense and food safety, attributed to the reduced MDA, O2 - and H2 O2 accumulation, the improvement in photosynthesis parameters, the increase in soluble protein and proline content, and the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Salam Abd El Shehab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Zinger Y, Prodanovic V, Zhang K, Fletcher TD, Deletic A. The effect of intermittent drying and wetting stormwater cycles on the nutrient removal performances of two vegetated biofiltration designs. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129294. [PMID: 33352362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetated biofiltration systems (biofilters) are now a well-established technology for treatment of urban stormwater, typically showing high nutrient uptake. However, the impact of high temporal variability of rainfall events (further exacerbated by climate change) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes, within different biofiltration designs, is still unknown. Hence, a laboratory-based study was conducted to uncover mechanisms behind nutrient removal in biofilters across different drying and wetting regimes. Two sets of experimental columns were based on (1) the standard biofiltration design (unsaturated zone only), and (2) combination of unsaturated and saturated (submerged) zone (SZ) with additional carbon source. Columns were watered with synthetic stormwater according to three drying and wetting schemes, exploring 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7-week drying. Hydraulic performance, soil moisture and pollutant removal were monitored. The results show that hydraulic conductivity of SZ design experiences less change over time compared to standard design, due to slower media drying, crack formation and lower plant die-off. Varied drying lengths challenged both designs differently, with 2-week drying resulting in significant drop of performance across most pollutants in standard design (except ammonia), while SZ design was able to retain high performance for up to four weeks of drying, sustaining microbial and plant uptake. Increased oxygenation of SZ columns during short-term drying was beneficial for ammonia and phosphorus removal. While SZ design showed better performance and quicker recovery for nitrogen removal, in regions with inter-rain event shorter than two weeks, the standard design (no saturated zone, no carbon source) can achieve similar if not better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Zinger
- The Center for Water Sensitive Cities in Israel, KKL-JNF, Eshtaol, D.N. Shimshon, 99775, Israel
| | - Veljko Prodanovic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Kamali S, Mehraban A. Effects of Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under drought stress conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243824. [PMID: 33370318 PMCID: PMC7769463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems is considered to have the potential to improve plant growth in extreme environments featuring water shortages. However, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria bio-fertilizers have been used in other plants to enhance stress tolerance, little is known about their symbiotic effect on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth under drought stress conditions. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the inoculation of sorghum with Nitroxin and Glomus mosseae and their interaction effects on the agro-physiological characteristics and grain yield of sorghum under drought stress conditions. Nitroxin is a bio-fertilizer that consists of a mixture of Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria. The results showed that co-inoculation of sorghum seeds with Nitroxin and AMF improved the chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, soluble proteins, water use efficiency) WUE(, relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N) content in the plant, AMF spore density, proline content, grain yield, panicle length, the number of panicles per plant, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and decreased the electrolyte leakage and water saturation deficit (WSD) in drought stress and non-stress conditions. Under drought stress conditions, there was a 27% increase in grain yield under the synergistic effects of bacteria and fungi compared to the non-application of these microorganisms. The results of this experiment show that Nitroxin and AMF bio-fertilizers can mitigate the negative effects of stress on plants in drought stress conditions by increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins and osmotic regulation and decreasing electrolyte leakage. We found that the combination of bacteria and AMF for sorghum growth and yield increment is a promising method to cope with the stress caused by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Kamali
- Department of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehraban
- Department of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
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Du J, Shen T, Xiong Q, Zhu C, Peng X, He X, Fu J, Ouyang L, Bian J, Hu L, Sun X, Zhou D, He H, Zhong L, Chen X. Combined proteomics, metabolomics and physiological analyses of rice growth and grain yield with heavy nitrogen application before and after drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:556. [PMID: 33302870 PMCID: PMC7731554 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen application can effectively mitigate the damage to crop growth and yield caused by drought. However, the efficiency of heavy nitrogen application before drought (NBD) and heavy nitrogen application after drought (NAD) to regulate rice response to drought stress remains controversial. In this study, we profiled physiology, proteomics and metabolomics in rice variety Wufengyou 286 of two nitrogen management modes (NBD and NAD) to investigate their yield formation and the mechanism of nitrogen regulation for drought resistance. RESULTS Results revealed that the yield of NBD and NAD decreased significantly when it was subjected to drought stress at the stage of young panicle differentiation, while the yield of NBD was 33.85 and 36.33% higher than that of NAD in 2017 and 2018, reaching significant levels. Under drought conditions, NBD increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in leaves, significantly improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase and catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with NAD. NBD promoted nitrogen assimilation in leaves, which was characterized by increased activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS). In addition, NBD significantly increased the contents of osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis of 234 differentially expressed proteins and 518 differential metabolites showed that different nitrogen management induced strong changes in photosynthesis pathway, energy metabolism pathway, nitrogen metabolism and oxidation-reduction pathways. CONCLUSION Different nitrogen management methods have significant differences in drought resistance of rice. These results suggest that heavy nitrogen application before drought may be an important pathway to improve the yield and stress resistance of rice, and provide a new ecological perspective on nitrogen regulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Tianhua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Xiaosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Xiaotang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
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Tang M, Li Z, Luo L, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Peng Y. Nitric Oxide Signal, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Water Balance Affected by γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Relation to Enhanced Tolerance to Water Stress in Creeping Bentgrass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7460. [PMID: 33050389 PMCID: PMC7589152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating stress tolerance in plants. Purposes of this study was to determine the effect of an exogenous supply of GABA on tolerance to water stress in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and further reveal the GABA-induced key mechanisms related to water balance, nitrogen (N) metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) production in response to water stress. Plants were pretreated with or without 0.5 mM GABA solution in the roots for 3 days, and then subjected to water stress induced by -0.52 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 for 12 days. The results showed that water stress caused leaf water deficit, chlorophyll (Chl) loss, oxidative damage (increases in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl content), N insufficiency, and metabolic disturbance. However, the exogenous addition of GABA significantly increased endogenous GABA content, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase), followed by effectively alleviating water stress damage, including declines in oxidative damage, photoinhibition, and water and Chl loss. GABA supply not only provided more available N, but also affected N metabolism through activating nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activities under water stress. The supply of GABA did not increase glutamate content and glutamate decarboxylase activity, but enhanced glutamate dehydrogenase activity, which might indicate that GABA promoted the conversion and utilization of glutamate for maintaining Chl synthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle when creeping bentgrass underwent water stress. In addition, GABA-induced NO production, depending on nitrate reductase and NO-associated protein pathways, could be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant defense. Current findings reveal the critical role of GABA in regulating signal transduction and metabolic homeostasis in plants under water-limited condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Weihang Zeng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.T.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Y.P.)
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Yobi A, Bagaza C, Batushansky A, Shrestha V, Emery ML, Holden S, Turner-Hissong S, Miller ND, Mawhinney TP, Angelovici R. The complex response of free and bound amino acids to water stress during the seed setting stage in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:838-855. [PMID: 31901179 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) and protein-bound amino acids (PBAAs) in seeds play an important role in seed desiccation, longevity, and germination. However, the effect that water stress has on these two functional pools, especially when imposed during the crucial seed setting stage is unclear. To better understand these effects, we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage to a range of water limitation and water deprivation conditions and then evaluated physiological, metabolic, and proteomic parameters, with special focus on FAAs and PBAAs. We found that in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased. Nevertheless, the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered. In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced. In addition, major alterations were observed in both FAA and proteome compositions, which indicated that both osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in these naturally desiccation-tolerant organs. However, despite the major proteomic alteration, the PBAA composition did not change, suggesting that the proteomic reprogramming was followed by a proteomic rebalancing. Proteomic rebalancing has not been observed previously in response to stress, but its occurrence under stress strongly suggests its natural function. Together, our data show that the dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness and therefore is rigorously maintained even under severe water stress, while the FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments, and that both functional pools are distinctly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Yobi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Clement Bagaza
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Vivek Shrestha
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Marianne L Emery
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Samuel Holden
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sarah Turner-Hissong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan D Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas P Mawhinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ruthie Angelovici
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Mutale-Joan C, Redouane B, Najib E, Yassine K, Lyamlouli K, Laila S, Zeroual Y, Hicham EA. Screening of microalgae liquid extracts for their bio stimulant properties on plant growth, nutrient uptake and metabolite profile of Solanum lycopersicum L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2820. [PMID: 32071360 PMCID: PMC7028939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the biostimulant effects of 18 Crude Bio-Extracts (CBEs) obtained from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria on tomato plant growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake and metabolite profile. Significant root and shoot length improvement (112.65%, 53.70%); was recorded at treatment with Aphanothece sp and C. ellipsoidea CBEs respectively. Meanwhile, the highest root and shoot dry weight (DW) (34.81%, 58.69%) were obtained at treatment with Aphanothece sp. The latter also displayed the maximum uptake of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which increased by 185.17%, 119.36% and 78.04% respectively compared with non-treated plants. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that Phosphorus and Potassium levels in roots were closely related to enhanced Root length, whereas Nitrogen and chlorophyll b were closely related to Shoot and root DW. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that treatment with CBEs, induced the production of a vast array of metabolites. Treated plants recorded higher accumulation of palmitic and stearic acids, which could indicate a stimulation in de novo Lipid synthesis. CBEs also triggered the accumulation of pyridine-3-carboxamide (an amide active form of vitamin B3) and Linolenic acid; one of the key precursors in the biosynthetic pathway leading to plant jasmonates. Our results are a first step towards understanding the effects of microalgal extracts on plant physiology and biochemical pathways. Further investigations on biochemical fractionation of microalgal extracts and agronomic tests of their purified bioactive compounds could be a useful principal novelty for in-depth study of CBE action mechanisms. Other useful tools include; Comparative hormone profiling of treated and non-treated plants accompanied with combined High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping, transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Mutale-Joan
- Green Biotechnology laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment. Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Benhima Redouane
- Green Biotechnology laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Elmernissi Najib
- Green Biotechnology laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kasmi Yassine
- Green Biotechnology laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karim Lyamlouli
- AgBSprogram UM6P University Jorflasfar Morocco, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sbabou Laila
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment. Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Youssef Zeroual
- AgBSprogram UM6P University Jorflasfar Morocco, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Arroussi Hicham
- Green Biotechnology laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat, Morocco.
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Iqbal A, Dong Q, Wang X, Gui H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Song M. High Nitrogen Enhance Drought Tolerance in Cotton through Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities, Nitrogen Metabolism and Osmotic Adjustment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E178. [PMID: 32024197 PMCID: PMC7076502 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and hampers many plant physiological processes under suboptimal nitrogen (N) concentration. Seedling tolerance to drought stress is very important for optimum growth and development, however, the enhancement of plant stress tolerance through N application in cotton is not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigates the role of high N concentration in enhancing drought stress tolerance in cotton. A hydroponic experiment supplying low (0.25 mM) and high (5 mM) N concentrations, followed by 150 g L-1 polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress was conducted in a growth chamber. PEG-induced drought stress inhibited seedling growth, led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, and reduced N metabolism. High N concentrations alleviated oxidative damage and stomatal limitation by increasing antioxidant enzymatic activities, leaf relative water content, and photosynthesis in cotton seedlings under drought stress. The results revealed that the ameliorative effects of high N concentration may be ascribed to the enhancement of N metabolizing enzymes and an increase in the amounts of osmoprotectants like free amino acids and total soluble protein. The present data suggest that relatively high N concentrations may contribute to drought stress tolerance in cotton through N metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.); (X.W.); (H.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.); (X.W.); (H.G.); (H.Z.)
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45
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Bisht N, Chauhan PS. Comparing the growth-promoting potential of Paenibacillus lentimorbus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Oryza sativa L. var. Sarju-52 under suboptimal nutrient conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:187-197. [PMID: 31756605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An adequate supply of mineral nutrients is crucial to obtain optimum productivity in agriculture. The present investigation was carried to find the inoculation effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), i.e., Paenibacillus lentimorbus B-30488 (B-30488), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN13 (SN13) and their consortium for the growth of rice var. Sarju-52, grown under suboptimal nutrient conditions. The study revealed that the individual PGPR treatments showed comparatively better performance than consortia in morphological, physiological, biochemical, and nutrient analysis. Towards understanding the complex mechanism(s), untargeted metabolite profiling was performed using GC-MS, showed alteration of metabolites in rice seedlings facing suboptimal nutrient conditions and inoculated with PGPR. Metabolites such as oleic acid, mannitol, and ethyl iso-allocol were accumulated significantly under starved conditions. Under suboptimal nutrient conditions, sugars such as ribose, glucose, fructose, trehalose, palmitic acid, and myristic acid were accumulated significantly in PGPR inoculated seedlings. The significantly altered pathways due to PGPR inoculation under suboptimal nutrient conditions mainly belongs to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. Interestingly, it was observed that among all the treatments, inoculation with SN13 performed comparatively better than other treatments. Further, in SN13 inoculated samples the qRT-PCR analysis of transcription factors and metabolism-related genes were validated that indicates PGPR deploy metabolic re-programming in rice var. Sarju-52 to enhance its nutrient use efficiency, tolerance, and growth under suboptimum nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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46
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Xiaochuang C, Chu Z, Chunquan Z, Junhua Z, Lianfeng Z, Lianghuan W, Qianyu J. Variability of leaf photosynthetic characteristics in rice and its relationship with resistance to water stress under different nitrogen nutrition regimes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:613-627. [PMID: 30561023 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of water stress on rice can be alleviated by NH4 + nutrition. However, the effects of mixed nitrogen (N) nutrition (NO3 - + NH4 + ) on resistance to water stress are still not well known. To investigate the response of rice growth to water stress and its relationship with photosynthetic characteristics, a hydroponic experiment supplying different N forms was conducted. Compared with NO3 - nutrition, mixed-N and NH4 + nutrition greatly alleviated the reduction of leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis under water stress, whilst subsequently maintaining higher biomass. In contrast, water stress inhibited the root-shoot ratios in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants, indicating reduced root growth and higher photosynthate availability to shoots. The following key observations were made: (1) a similar stomatal limitation and low proportion of activated Rubisco were observed among the three different N nutrition regimes; (2) increased mesophyll conductance in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants simultaneously stimulated leaf photosynthesis and improved the water use efficiency and (3), the maximum carboxylation rate and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants were significantly higher than that in NO3 - -supplied plants, thus resulting in higher photochemical efficiency under water stress. In conclusion, mixed-N and NH4 + nutrition may be used to develop strategies for improved water stress resistance and stimulated biomass production under conditions of osmotic stress and possibly drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaochuang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhong Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhu Chunquan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhang Junhua
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhu Lianfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wu Lianghuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Qianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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Seed yield can be explained by altered yield components in field-grown western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii Rydb.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:17976. [PMID: 31784680 PMCID: PMC6884509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii Rydb.) is an important cool-season forage and turfgrass. However, due to seed dormancy and poor seedling vigor, it is difficult to develop high seed yield production systems, and assessing these components in response to seed yield. Based on multifactor orthogonally designed field experimental plots under various field management regimes, the effects of numbers of fertile tillers m−2 (Y1), spikelets/fertile tiller (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3), seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), and seed weight (Y5) on seed yield (Z) were determined over three successive years. Correlation analysis indicated that fertile tillers (Y1) was the most important seed yield component. And the biggest contribution of those five yield component is fertile tillers (Y1), followed by seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), spikelets/fertile tiller (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3) and seed weight (Y5), respectively. By using ridge regression analysis, we have developed an accurate model of seed yield with its five components. Finally, the results of synergism and antagonism among these yield components on seed yield showed that fertile tillers and seed numbers/spikelet had an antagonistic effect on seed yield. Therefore, selection for high seed yield by direct selection for large values of fertile tillers and seed numbers/spikelet would be the most effective breeding strategy for western wheatgrass.
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Chen Z, Liu X, Niu J, Zhou W, Zhao T, Jiang W, Cui J, Kallenbach R, Wang Q. Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for seed yield in western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve] using a large multi-factorial field design. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218599. [PMID: 31242244 PMCID: PMC6594676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial for agricultural production to identify the trigger that switches plants from vegetative to reproductive growth. Agricultural sustainability in semiarid regions is challenged by nitrogen (N) fertilizer overuse, inadequate soil water, and heavy carbon emissions. Previous studies focused on the short-term effects of a single application of N and water but have not investigated the long-term effects of different irrigation and N fertilizer regimens on crop yields and yield components. N application is routinely coupled with water availability, and crop yields can be maximized by optimizing both. We examined the growth of western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve], a temperate-region forage and turf grass, using multiple different combinations of N fertilizer [(NH4)2·CO3] and irrigation levels over 3 years to determine optimal field management. We conducted multifactorial, orthogonally designed field experiments with large sample sizes, and measured fertile tillers m-2 (Y1), spikelets/fertile tillers (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3), seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), seed weight (Y5), and seed yield (Z) to study factors associated with the switch between vegetative and reproductive growth. Fertilization had a greater effect on seed yield and yield components than irrigation. Y1 had the strongest positive effect on Z, whereas Y5 had a negative effect on Z. Irrigation and fertilization affected Z, Y1, and Y5. Fertilizer concentrations were positively correlated with Z, Y1, and Y5, whereas irrigation levels were negatively correlated. The ridge regression linear model results suggested N application rate and irrigation had antagonistic effects on Y1 (X3 = 867.6-4.23×X2; R2 = 0.988, F = Infinity, P<0.0001). We conclude that the optimal amount of N fertilizer and irrigation was 156 kg ha-1 + 115 mm for seed yield, 120 kg ha-1 + 146 mm for spikelets/fertile tillers, and 108 kg ha-1 + 119 mm for seed numbers/spikelets. These results will improve yield and reduce agricultural inputs for P. smithii in semiarid and arid regions, thereby reducing fertilizer pollution and conserving water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xv Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junpeng Niu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wennan Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Plant Science, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Robert Kallenbach
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Gupta P, Seth CS. Nitrate supplementation attenuates As(V) toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Pusa Rohini: Insights into As(V) sub-cellular distribution, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and DNA damage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:44-55. [PMID: 30878837 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates As(V) toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Pusa Rohini) and its alleviation by exogenous supplementation of nitrate. The seven days old seedlings were grown up to thirty days under defined levels of As(V) concentrations (0, 2.5, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/250 g soil) in alone or/and in combination with 20 mM nitrate. The arsenic accumulation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and AsA-GSH cycle were evaluated. Results revealed that As(V) exposure significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhances the root, leaf and leaf sub-cellular arsenic accumulation, H2O2 and MDA contents in a dose-dependent manner. Comet assay indicated a progressive enhancement in the DNA damage with maximum tail length (58.33 ± 9.87 μm) and tail moment (25.05 ± 2.80) at 12.5 As(V) exposure. Nitrate supplementation counteracted As(V) toxicity on photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and boosts AsA-GSH cycle at each respective As(V) treatments. The net photosynthesis was increased by 18% at 6.25 As(V), however, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm were increased by 26%, and 11%, respectively, at 2.5 As(V) exposure. The activities of NR and GS were enhanced by 29% and 18%, respectively; contents of NO3-, NO2- and NH4+ were improved by 21%, 56%, and 13%, respectively, at 6.25 As(V) exposure. The activities of APX and GR were increased concomitantly with the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG. The study demonstrates that nitrate supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreases As(V) accumulation, boosts the performance of AsA-GSH cycle, and consequently enhances the photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. Based on present findings, nitrate supplementation could be recommended as a promising approach to ameliorate the As(V) toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Gupta
- Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Seth
- Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Tang W, He X, Qian L, Wang F, Zhang Z, Sun C, Lin L, Guan C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus) Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Details between Nitrate and Ammonium Nutrition. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050391. [PMID: 31121949 PMCID: PMC6562433 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main inorganic nitrogen (N) sources absorbed by oilseed rape, a plant that exhibits genotypic differences in N efficiency. In our previous study, the biomass, N accumulation, and root architecture of two oilseed rape cultivars, Xiangyou 15 (high N efficiency, denoted "15") and 814 (low N efficiency, denoted "814"), were inhibited under NH4+ nutrition, though both cultivars grew normally under NO3- nutrition. To gain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, transcriptomic changes were investigated in the roots of 15 and 814 plants subjected to nitrogen-free (control, CK), NO3- (NT), and NH4+ (AT) treatments at the seedling stage. A total of 14,355 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway categories of these DEGs, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and cell wall biogenesis were inhibited by AT treatment. Interestingly, DEGs such as N transporters, genes involved in N assimilation and CESA genes related to cellulose synthase were also mostly downregulated in the AT treatment group. This downregulation of genes related to crucial metabolic pathways resulted in inhibition of oilseed rape growth after AT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Tang
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xin He
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lunwen Qian
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Liangbin Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Chunyun Guan
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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