1
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Roe K. The epithelial cell types and their multi-phased defenses against fungi and other pathogens. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 563:119889. [PMID: 39117034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucus and its movements are essential to epithelial tissue immune defenses against pathogens, including fungal pathogens, which can infect respiratory, gastrointestinal or the genito-urinary tracts. Several epithelial cell types contribute to their immune defense. This review focuses on the respiratory tract because of its paramount importance, but the observations will apply to epithelial cell defenses of other mucosal tissue, including the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. Mucus and its movements can enhance or degrade the immune defenses of the respiratory tract, particularly the lungs. The enhancements include inhaled pathogen entrapments, including fungal pathogens, pollutants and particulates, for their removal. The detriments include smaller lung airway obstructions by mucus, impairing the physical removal of pathogens and impairing vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Inflammation, edema and/or alveolar cellular damage can also reduce vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Furthermore, respiratory tract defenses are affected by several fatty acid mediators which activate cellular receptors to manipulate neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, various innate lymphoid cells including the natural killer cells, T cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, NKT cells and mast cells. These mediators include the inflammatory and frequently immunosuppressive prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and the special pro-resolving mediators, which normally resolve inflammation and immunosuppression. The total effects on the various epithelial cell and immune cell types, after exposures to pathogens, pollutants or particulates, will determine respiratory tract health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- Retired United States Patent and Trademark Office, San Jose, CA, United States.
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2
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McDonald CA, Langlois RA. Long Story Short: Understanding Isoform-Specific Expression of FAM13A. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:257-258. [PMID: 38696272 PMCID: PMC11376243 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0166ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cera A McDonald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota
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3
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Ariolli A, Canè M, Di Fede M, Tavarini S, Taddei AR, Buno KP, Delany I, Rossi Paccani S, Pezzicoli A. Modeling airway persistent infection of Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae by using human in vitro models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1397940. [PMID: 38751999 PMCID: PMC11094313 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1397940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) are two common respiratory tract pathogens often associated with acute exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as well as with otitis media (OM) in children. Although there is evidence that these pathogens can adopt persistence mechanisms such as biofilm formation, the precise means through which they contribute to disease severity and chronicity remains incompletely understood, posing challenges for their effective eradication. The identification of potential vaccine candidates frequently entails the characterization of the host-pathogen interplay in vitro even though this approach is limited by the fact that conventional models do not permit long term bacterial infections. In the present work, by using air-liquid-interface (ALI) human airway in vitro models, we aimed to recreate COPD-related persistent bacterial infections. In particular, we explored an alternative use of the ALI system consisting in the assembly of an inverted epithelium grown on the basal part of a transwell membrane with the aim to enable the functionality of natural defense mechanisms such as mucociliary clearance and cellular extrusion that are usually hampered during conventional ALI infection experiments. The inversion of the epithelium did not affect tissue differentiation and considerably delayed NTHi or Mcat infection progression, allowing one to monitor host-pathogen interactions for up to three weeks. Notably, the use of these models, coupled with confocal and transmission electron microscopy, revealed unique features associated with NTHi and Mcat infection, highlighting persistence strategies including the formation of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) and surface-associated biofilm-like structures. Overall, this study demonstrates the possibility to perform long term host-pathogen investigations in vitro with the aim to define persistence mechanisms adopted by respiratory pathogens and individuate potential new vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ariolli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martina Canè
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Di Fede
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines s.r.l., Preclinical R&D, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Tavarini
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines s.r.l., Preclinical R&D, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Great Equipment Center-Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Kevin Pete Buno
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines s.r.l., Preclinical R&D, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabel Delany
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines s.r.l., Preclinical R&D, Siena, Italy
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4
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McCray TN, Nguyen V, Heins JS, Nguyen E, Stewart K, Ford CT, Neace C, Gupta P, Ortiz DJ. Bronchioalveolar organoids: A preclinical tool to screen toxicity associated with antibody-drug conjugates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116886. [PMID: 38452946 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive preclinical testing, cancer therapeutics can result in unanticipated toxicity to non-tumor tissue in patients. These toxicities may pass undetected in preclinical experiments due to modeling limitations involving poor biomimicry of 2-dimensional in vitro cell cultures and due to lack of interspecies translatability in in vivo studies. Instead, primary cells can be grown into miniature 3-dimensional structures that recapitulate morphological and functional aspects of native tissue, termed "organoids." Here, human bronchioalveolar organoids grown from primary alveolar epithelial cells were employed to model lung epithelium and investigate off-target toxicities associated with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). ADCs with three different linker-payload combinations (mafodotin, vedotin, and deruxtecan) were tested in bronchioalveolar organoids generated from human, rat, and nonhuman primate lung cells. Organoids demonstrated antibody uptake and changes in viability in response to ADC exposure that model in vivo drug sensitivity. RNA sequencing identified inflammatory activation in bronchioalveolar cells in response to deruxtecan. Future studies will explore specific cell populations involved in interstitial lung disease and incorporate immune cells to the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Seagen Inc., Bothell, Washington, USA
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5
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Carlier FM, Detry B, Lecocq M, Collin AM, Planté-Bordeneuve T, Gérard L, Verleden SE, Delos M, Rondelet B, Janssens W, Ambroise J, Vanaudenaerde BM, Gohy S, Pilette C. The memory of airway epithelium damage in smokers and COPD patients. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302341. [PMID: 38158219 PMCID: PMC10756916 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a devastating and irreversible lung disease, causes structural and functional defects in the bronchial epithelium, the (ir)reversibility of which remains unexplored in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of COPD-related epithelial defects in long-term airway epithelial cultures derived from non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients. Barrier function, polarity, cell commitment, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation were evaluated and compared with native epithelium characteristics. The role of inflammation was explored using cytokines. We show that barrier dysfunction, compromised polarity, and lineage abnormalities observed in smokers and COPD persisted for up to 10 wk. Goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with recent cigarette smoke exposure. Conversely, increased IL-8/CXCL-8 release and abnormal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition diminished over time. These ex vivo observations matched surgical samples' abnormalities. Cytokine treatment induced COPD-like changes in control cultures and reactivated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in COPD cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the airway epithelium of smokers and COPD patients retains a multidimensional memory of its original state and previous cigarette smoke-induced injuries, maintaining these abnormalities for extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M Carlier
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Lung Transplant Centre, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Bruno Detry
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marylène Lecocq
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine M Collin
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Gérard
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Delos
- Department of Pathology, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Benoît Rondelet
- Lung Transplant Centre, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Deparment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gohy
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Wang X, Hao Y, Yin Y, Hou Y, Han N, Liu Y, Li Z, Wei Y, Ma K, Gu J, Ma Y, Qi H, Jia Z. Lianhua Qingke Preserves Mucociliary Clearance in Rat with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Maintaining Ciliated Cells Proportion and Protecting Structural Integrity and Beat Function of Cilia. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:403-418. [PMID: 38343495 PMCID: PMC10859105 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s436323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is a sudden worsening of symptoms in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as cough, increased sputum volume, and sputum purulence. COPD and AECOPD are characterized by damage to cilia and increased mucus secretion. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) functions as part of the primary innate system of the lung to remove harmful particles and pathogens together with airway mucus and is therefore crucial for patients with COPD. Methods AECOPD was induced by cigarette smoke exposure (80 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation (200 μg, on days 1, 14, and 84). Rats administered Lianhua Qingke (LHQK) (0.367, 0.732, and 1.465 g/kg/d) or Eucalyptol, Limonene, and Pinene Enteric Soft Capsules (ELP, 0.3 g/kg/d) intragastrically. Pulmonary pathology, Muc5ac+ goblet cell and β-tubulin IV+ ciliated cells, and mRNA levels of forkhead box J1 (Foxj1) and multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein (MCIDAS) were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Ciliary morphology and ultrastructure were examined through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was recorded using a high-speed camera. Results Compared to the model group, LHQK treatment groups showed a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly reduced goblet cell and increased ciliated cell proportion. LHQK significantly upregulated mRNA levels of MCIDAS and Foxj1, indicating promoted ciliated cell differentiation. LHQK protected ciliary structure and maintained ciliary function via increasing the ciliary length and density, reducing ciliary ultrastructure damage, and ameliorating random ciliary oscillations, consequently enhancing CBF. Conclusion LHQK enhances the MCC capability of ciliated cells in rat with AECOPD by preserving the structural integrity and beating function of cilia, indicating its therapeutic potential on promoting sputum expulsion in patients with AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Hao
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yin
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Qi
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050091, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Umlauf BJ, Frampton G, Cooper A, Greene HF. A novel strategy to increase the therapeutic potency of GBM chemotherapy via altering parenchymal/cerebral spinal fluid clearance rate. J Control Release 2023; 364:195-205. [PMID: 37865172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) face a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than two years. Escalating the dose of chemotherapy is often impossible due to patient comorbidities; thus, we focused on modulating brain clearance as a mechanism to enhance drug accumulation. Given the recently identified interconnectivity between brain parenchymal fluid and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), we reasoned enhancing drug concentration in the CSF also increases drug concentration in the parenchyma where a GBM resides. To improve drug accumulation in the CSF, we impair the motility of ependymal cell cilia. We identified FDA-approved therapeutics that interact with cilia as a "side effect." Therapeutics that inhibit airway cilia also inhibit ependymal cilia. Multiple cilia-inhibiting drugs, when administered in combination with GBM chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ), significantly improved the overall survival of mice bearing orthotopic GBM. Combining TMZ with lidocaine results in 100% of animals surviving tumor-free to the study endpoint. This treatment results in a ~ 40-fold increase in brain TMZ levels and is well-tolerated. Mice bearing MGMT methylated, human PDX orthotopic GBM also responded with 100% of animals surviving tumor-free to the study endpoint. Finally, even mice bearing TMZ-resistant, orthotopic GBM responded to the combination treatment with 40% of animals surviving tumor-free to the study endpoint, implying this strategy can sensitize TMZ-resistant GBM. These studies offer a new concept for treating malignant brain tumors by improving the accumulation of TMZ in the CNS. In the future, this regimen may also improve the treatment of additional encephalopathies treated by brain-penetrating therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: We exploit the interconnectivity of parenchymal and cerebral spinal fluid to enhance the amount of temozolomide that accumulates in the central nervous system to improve the survival of mice bearing brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Umlauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg B., Austin, USA; Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg A., Austin, USA.
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg B., Austin, USA
| | - Alexis Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg B., Austin, USA
| | - Hannah-Faith Greene
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg B., Austin, USA
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Graf J, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Sabnis S, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106596. [PMID: 37770004 PMCID: PMC10658361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory syncytial virus among others. Pulmonary therapeutics afford untapped potential for treating lung infection and disease through direct delivery to the site of action. However, the ability to innovate new therapeutic paradigms for respiratory diseases will rely on modeling the human lung microenvironment and including key cellular interactions that drive disease. One key feature of the lung microenvironment is the air-liquid interface (ALI). ALI interface modeling techniques, using cell-culture inserts, organoids, microfluidics, and precision lung slices (PCLS), are rapidly developing; however, one major component of these models is lacking-innate immune cell populations. Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, among others, represent key lung cell populations, acting as the first responders during lung infection or injury. Innate immune cells respond to and modulate stromal cells and bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune system, controlling the bodies response to foreign pathogens and debris. In this article, we review the current state of ALI culture systems with a focus on innate immune cells and suggest ways to build on current models to add complexity and relevant immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Simone Sabnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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9
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Wang Q, Su W, Liu J, Zhao D. Advances in the investigation of the role of autophagy in the etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36390. [PMID: 38013266 PMCID: PMC10681501 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory illness. It arises from emphysema and chronic bronchitis and is characterized by progressive and irreversible airflow limitation and chronic inflammation of the lungs, which eventually progresses to pulmonary hypertension, chronic pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular homeostasis maintenance mechanism that involves the transport of damaged organelles and proteins to lysosomes for destruction. Dysregulation of autophagy is one of the pathogenic mechanisms of many diseases and is strongly associated with the development of COPD, although the precise mechanisms are unknown. In this paper, we focus on macroautophagy, a type of autophagy that has been thoroughly studied, and describe the characteristics, processes, regulatory pathways, and functions of autophagy, and discuss its relationship with COPD from the perspectives of inflammation, emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, cilia structure and function, airway remodeling, vascular remodeling, and bacterial infections, with a view to searching for the therapeutic targets of COPD from the perspective of autophagy, which is hoped to be helpful for the clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxinhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- The Third Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dongkai Zhao
- The Third Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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10
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Shaheen S, Huang H, Arain MB, Z Duraihem F. Significance of peripheral layer: the case of mucus flow through a ciliated tube using Rabinowitsch model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37969068 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2281892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern medicine has taken energy loss during cilia beating in the human stomach, which under some circumstances causes blood flow to become acidic, very seriously. In current report covering a whole advancement and results for the impact of Rabinowitsch model with cilia-driven flow analysis with the help of ciliary beating in a cylindrical tube. The fluid is incompressible, and layers of fluid do not mix. The fluid flow with heat and mass transfer is firstly modeled in wave and then transformed into fixed frame. Exact solutions for stresses, temperature velocity, and concentration profiles whereas numerical pressure rise is obtained subject to relevant boundary conditions. The behavior of incipient parameters is shown graphically (plotted in MATHEMATICA 13.0) in the results section. The key findings obtained from graphical results show that maximum magnitude for velocity and temperature is achieved in middle layer of fluid whereas in the outer layer concentration profile is maximum. The current study may help researchers to develop new treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, in which impaired ciliary function leads to mucus accumulation in the lungs. The attained exact and numerical outcomes are novel and offered here for first time in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shaheen
- Laboratory of Aerospace Entry Descent and Landing Technology, College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Huang
- Laboratory of Aerospace Entry Descent and Landing Technology, College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M B Arain
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Faisal Z Duraihem
- Department of Mathematics, college of science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Jesenak M, Durdik P, Oppova D, Franova S, Diamant Z, Golebski K, Banovcin P, Vojtkova J, Novakova E. Dysfunctional mucociliary clearance in asthma and airway remodeling - New insights into an old topic. Respir Med 2023; 218:107372. [PMID: 37516275 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory condition characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway structural changes (known as remodeling). The clinical symptoms can be evoked by (non)specific triggers, and their intensity varies over time. In the past, treatment was mainly focusing on symptoms' alleviation; in contrast modern treatment strategies target the underlying inflammation, even during asymptomatic periods. Components of airway remodeling include epithelial cell shedding and dysfunction, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial matrix protein deposition, fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, airway smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Among the other important, and frequently forgotten aspects of airway remodeling, also loss of epithelial barrier integrity, immune defects in anti-infectious defence and mucociliary clearance (MCC) dysfunction should be pointed out. Mucociliary clearance represents one of the most important defence airway mechanisms. Several studies in asthmatics demonstrated various dysfunctions in MCC - e.g., ciliated cells displaying intracellular disorientation, abnormal cilia and cytoplasmic blebs. Moreover, excessive mucus production and persistent cough are one of the well-recognized features of severe asthma and are also associated with defects in MCC. Damaged airway epithelium and impaired function of the ciliary cells leads to MCC dysfunction resulting in higher susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Therefore, new strategies aimed on restoring the remodeling changes and MCC dysfunction could present a new therapeutic approach for the management of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Durdik
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Oppova
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sona Franova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University in Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kornel Golebski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Vojtkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Elena Novakova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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12
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Hickey DJ, Golestanian R, Vilfan A. Nonreciprocal interactions give rise to fast cilium synchronization in finite systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307279120. [PMID: 37756336 PMCID: PMC10556628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307279120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion in order to propel the surrounding fluid. When many cilia are located on a surface, their beating can synchronize such that their phases form metachronal waves. Here, we computationally study a model where each cilium is represented as a spherical particle, moving along a tilted trajectory with a position-dependent active driving force and a position-dependent internal drag coefficient. The model thus takes into account all the essential broken symmetries of the ciliary beat. We show that taking into account the near-field hydrodynamic interactions, the effective coupling between cilia even over an entire beating cycle can become nonreciprocal: The phase of a cilium is more strongly affected by an adjacent cilium on one side than by a cilium at the same distance in the opposite direction. As a result, synchronization starts from a seed at the edge of a group of cilia and propagates rapidly across the system, leading to a synchronization time that scales proportionally to the linear dimension of the system. We show that a ciliary carpet is characterized by three different velocities: the velocity of fluid transport, the phase velocity of metachronal waves, and the group velocity of order propagation. Unlike in systems with reciprocal coupling, boundary effects are not detrimental for synchronization, but rather enable the formation of the initial seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hickey
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrej Vilfan
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Yoon JK, Park S, Lee KH, Jeong D, Woo J, Park J, Yi SM, Han D, Yoo CG, Kim S, Lee CH. Machine Learning-Based Proteomics Reveals Ferroptosis in COPD Patient-Derived Airway Epithelial Cells Upon Smoking Exposure. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e220. [PMID: 37489716 PMCID: PMC10366413 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics and genomics studies have contributed to understanding the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but previous studies have limitations. Here, using a machine learning (ML) algorithm, we attempted to identify pathways in cultured bronchial epithelial cells of COPD patients that were significantly affected when the cells were exposed to a cigarette smoke extract (CSE). METHODS Small airway epithelial cells were collected from patients with COPD and those without COPD who underwent bronchoscopy. After expansion through primary cell culture, the cells were treated with or without CSEs, and the proteomics of the cells were analyzed by mass spectrometry. ML-based feature selection was used to determine the most distinctive patterns in the proteomes of COPD and non-COPD cells after exposure to smoke extract. Publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data from patients with COPD (GSE136831) were used to analyze and validate our findings. RESULTS Five patients with COPD and five without COPD were enrolled, and 7,953 proteins were detected. Ferroptosis was enriched in both COPD and non-COPD epithelial cells after their exposure to smoke extract. However, the ML-based analysis identified ferroptosis as the most dramatically different response between COPD and non-COPD epithelial cells, adjusted P value = 4.172 × 10-6, showing that epithelial cells from COPD patients are particularly vulnerable to the effects of smoke. Single-cell RNA sequencing data showed that in cells from COPD patients, ferroptosis is enriched in basal, goblet, and club cells in COPD but not in other cell types. CONCLUSION Our ML-based feature selection from proteomic data reveals ferroptosis to be the most distinctive feature of cultured COPD epithelial cells compared to non-COPD epithelial cells upon exposure to smoke extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sungjoon Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dabin Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Kwak G, Lee D, Suk JS. Advanced approaches to overcome biological barriers in respiratory and systemic routes of administration for enhanced nucleic acid delivery to the lung. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1531-1552. [PMID: 37946533 PMCID: PMC10872418 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2282535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous delivery strategies, primarily novel nucleic acid delivery carriers, have been developed and explored to enable therapeutically relevant lung gene therapy. However, its clinical translation is yet to be achieved despite over 30 years of efforts, which is attributed to the inability to overcome a series of biological barriers that hamper efficient nucleic acid transfer to target cells in the lung. AREAS COVERED This review is initiated with the fundamentals of nucleic acid therapy and a brief overview of previous and ongoing efforts on clinical translation of lung gene therapy. We then walk through the nature of biological barriers encountered by nucleic acid carriers administered via respiratory and/or systemic routes. Finally, we introduce advanced strategies developed to overcome those barriers to achieve therapeutically relevant nucleic acid delivery efficiency in the lung. EXPERT OPINION We are now stepping close to the clinical translation of lung gene therapy, thanks to the discovery of novel delivery strategies that overcome biological barriers via comprehensive preclinical studies. However, preclinical findings should be cautiously interpreted and validated to ultimately realize meaningful therapeutic outcomes with newly developed delivery strategies in humans. In particular, individual strategies should be selected, tailored, and implemented in a manner directly relevant to specific therapeutic applications and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijung Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daiheon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Guerra S, Ledford JG, Melén E, Lavi I, Carsin AE, Stern DA, Zhai J, Vidal M, Bustamante M, Addison KJ, Vallecillo RG, Billheimer D, Koppelman GH, Garcia-Aymerich J, Lemonnier N, Fitó M, Dobaño C, Kebede Merid S, Kull I, McEachan RRC, Wright J, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M, Porta D, Narduzzi S, Ballester F, Esplugues A, Zabaleta C, Irizar A, Sunyer J, Halonen M, Bousquet J, Martinez FD, Anto JM. Creatine Kinase Is Decreased in Childhood Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:544-552. [PMID: 35876143 PMCID: PMC10870915 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3746oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The identification of novel molecules associated with asthma may provide insights into the mechanisms of disease and their potential clinical implications. Objectives: To conduct a screening of circulating proteins in childhood asthma and to study proteins that emerged from human studies in a mouse model of asthma. Methods: We included 2,264 children from eight birth cohorts from the Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy project and the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study. In cross-sectional analyses, we tested 46 circulating proteins for association with asthma in the selection stage and carried significant signals forward to a validation and replication stage. As CK (creatine kinase) was the only protein consistently associated with asthma, we also compared whole blood CK gene expression between subjects with and without asthma (n = 249) and used a house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mouse model to gain insights into CK lung expression and its role in the resolution of asthma phenotypes. Measurements and Main Results: As compared with the lowest CK tertile, children in the highest tertile had significantly lower odds for asthma in selection (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.31; 0.15-0.65; P = 0.002), validation (0.63; 0.42-0.95; P = 0.03), and replication (0.40; 0.16-0.97; P = 0.04) stages. Both cytosolic CK forms (CKM and CKB) were underexpressed in blood from asthmatics compared with control subjects (P = 0.01 and 0.006, respectively). In the lungs of HDM-challenged mice, Ckb expression was reduced, and after the HDM challenge, a CKB inhibitor blocked the resolution of airway hyperresponsiveness and reduction of airway mucin. Conclusions: Circulating concentrations and gene expression of CK are inversely associated with childhood asthma. Mouse models support a possible direct involvement of CK in asthma protection via inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and reduction of airway mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education and
- Sachs’ Children’s and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jing Zhai
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Dean Billheimer
- BIO5 Institute, and
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathanaël Lemonnier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA-INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR5309, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Group and
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education and
- Sachs’ Children’s and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Narduzzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferran Ballester
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Esplugues
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Zabaleta
- Pediatrics Service, Hospital de Zumárraga, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital Montpellier, France; and
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, INSERM 1018, CESP Centre, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Josep M. Anto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Alternative lung cell model systems for toxicology testing strategies: Current knowledge and future outlook. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:70-82. [PMID: 36599788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the current relevance of pulmonary toxicology (with focus upon air pollution and the inhalation of hazardous materials), it is important to further develop and implement physiologically relevant models of the entire respiratory tract. Lung model development has the aim to create human relevant systems that may replace animal use whilst balancing cost, laborious nature and regulatory ambition. There is an imperative need to move away from rodent models and implement models that mimic the holistic characteristics important in lung function. The purpose of this review is therefore, to describe and identify the various alternative models that are being applied towards assessing the pulmonary toxicology of inhaled substances, as well as the current and potential developments of various advanced models and how they may be applied towards toxicology testing strategies. These models aim to mimic various regions of the lung, as well as implementing different exposure methods with the addition of various physiologically relevent conditions (such as fluid-flow and dynamic movement). There is further progress in the type of models used with focus on the development of lung-on-a-chip technologies and bioprinting, as well as and the optimization of such models to fill current knowledge gaps within toxicology.
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17
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Light-sheet laser speckle imaging for cilia motility assessment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1661-1669. [PMID: 36874161 PMCID: PMC9978471 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an important innate defense mechanism predominantly mediated by ciliated cells in the upper respiratory tract. Ciliary motility on the respiratory epithelium surface and mucus pathogen trapping assist in maintaining healthy airways. Optical imaging methods have been used to obtain several indicators for assessing ciliary movement. Light-sheet laser speckle imaging (LSH-LSI) is a label-free and non-invasive optical technique for three-dimensional and quantitative mapping of velocities of microscopic scatterers. Here, we propose to use an inverted LSH-LSI platform to study cilia motility. We have experimentally confirmed that LSH-LSI can reliably measure the ciliary beating frequency and has the potential to provide many additional quantitative indicators for characterizing the ciliary beating pattern without labeling. For example, the asymmetry between the power stroke and the recovery stroke is apparent in the local velocity waveform. PIV (particle imaging velocimetry) analysis of laser speckle data could determine the cilia motion directions in different phases.
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18
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Delhove J, Alawami M, Macowan M, Lester SE, Nguyen PT, Jersmann HPA, Reynolds PN, Roscioli E. Organotypic sinonasal airway culture systems are predictive of the mucociliary phenotype produced by bronchial airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19225. [PMID: 36357550 PMCID: PMC9648462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated air-liquid interface models are the current standard to assess the mucociliary phenotype using clinically-derived samples in a controlled environment. However, obtaining basal progenitor airway epithelial cells (AEC) from the lungs is invasive and resource-intensive. Hence, we applied a tissue engineering approach to generate organotypic sinonasal AEC (nAEC) epithelia to determine whether they are predictive of bronchial AEC (bAEC) models. Basal progenitor AEC were isolated from healthy participants using a cytological brushing method and differentiated into epithelia on transwells until the mucociliary phenotype was observed. Tissue architecture was assessed using H&E and alcian blue/Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, immunofluorescence (for cilia via acetylated α-tubulin labelling) and scanning electron microscopy. Differentiation and the formation of tight-junctions were monitored over the culture period (day 1-32) by quantifying trans-epithelial electrical resistance. End point (day 32) tight junction protein expression was assessed using Western blot analysis of ZO-1, Occludin-1 and Claudin-1. Reverse transcription qPCR-array was used to assess immunomodulatory and autophagy-specific transcript profiles. All outcome measures were assessed using R-statistical software. Mucociliary architecture was comparable for nAEC and bAEC-derived cultures, e.g. cell density P = 0.55, epithelial height P = 0.88 and cilia abundance P = 0.41. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measures were distinct from day 1-14, converged over days 16-32, and were statistically similar over the entire culture period (global P < 0.001). This agreed with end-point (day 32) measures of tight junction protein abundance which were non-significant for each analyte (P > 0.05). Transcript analysis for inflammatory markers demonstrated significant variation between nAEC and bAEC epithelial cultures, and favoured increased abundance in the nAEC model (e.g. TGFβ and IL-1β; P < 0.05). Conversely, the abundance of autophagy-related transcripts were comparable and the range of outcome measures for either model exhibited a considerably more confined uncertainty distribution than those observed for the inflammatory markers. Organotypic air-liquid interface models of nAEC are predictive of outcomes related to barrier function, mucociliary architecture and autophagy gene activity in corresponding bAEC models. However, inflammatory markers exhibited wide variation which may be explained by the sentinel immunological surveillance role of the sinonasal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Delhove
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1694.aRespiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Moayed Alawami
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.460761.20000 0001 0323 4206Respiratory Department, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Matthew Macowan
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Susan E. Lester
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.278859.90000 0004 0486 659XDepartment of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Phan T. Nguyen
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Hubertus P. A. Jersmann
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA Australia ,Adelaide Health and Medical Science, Building, Corner of North Terrace and George St, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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19
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Dye BR, Decker JT, Hein RF, Miller AJ, Huang S, Spence JR, Shea LD. Human Lung Organoid Culture in Alginate With and Without Matrigel to Model Development and Disease. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:893-906. [PMID: 36029210 PMCID: PMC9805886 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung organoids (HLOs) are enabling the study of human lung development and disease by modeling native organ tissue structure, cellular composition, and cellular organization. In this report, we demonstrate that HLOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells cultured in alginate, a fully defined nonanimal product substrate, exhibit enhanced cellular differentiation compared with HLOs cultured in the commercially available Matrigel. More specifically, we observed an earlier onset and increase in the number of multiciliated cells, along with mucus producing MUC5AC+ goblet-like cells that were not observed in HLOs cultured in Matrigel. The epithelium in alginate-grown HLOs was organized in a pseudostratified epithelium with airway basal cells lining the basal lamina, but with the apical surface of cells on the exterior of the organoid. We further observed that HLOs cultured in Matrigel exhibited mesenchymal overgrowth that was not present in alginate cultures. The containment of the mesenchyme within HLOs in alginate enabled modeling of key features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by treatment with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). TGFβ treatment resulted in morphological changes including an increase in mesenchymal growth, increased expression of IPF markers, and decreased numbers of alveolar-like cells. This culture system provides a model to study the interaction of the mesenchyme with the epithelium during lung development and diseased states such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Dye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph T. Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Renee F.C. Hein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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21
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Brown MA, Jabeen M, Bharj G, Hinks TSC. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae airways infection: the next treatable trait in asthma? Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:220008. [PMID: 36130784 PMCID: PMC9724834 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0008-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous condition that affects over 350 million people globally. It is characterised by bronchial hyperreactivity and airways inflammation. A subset display marked airway neutrophilia, associated with worse lung function, higher morbidity and poor response to treatment. In these individuals, recent metagenomic studies have identified persistent bacterial infection, particularly with non-encapsulated strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. Here we review knowledge of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in the microbiology of asthma, the immune consequences of mucosal NTHi infection, various immune evasion mechanisms, and the clinical implications of NTHi infection for phenotyping and targeted therapies in neutrophilic asthma. Airway neutrophilia is associated with production of neutrophil chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the airways, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor. NTHi adheres to and invades the lower respiratory tract epithelium, inducing the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes. NTHi reduces expression of tight-junction proteins, impairing epithelial integrity, and can persist intracellularly. NTHi interacts with rhinoviruses synergistically via upregulation of intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and promotion of a neutrophilic environment, to which NTHi is adapted. We highlight the clinical relevance of this emerging pathogen and its relevance for the efficacy of long-term macrolide therapy in airways diseases, we identify important unanswered questions and we propose future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ashley Brown
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maisha Jabeen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gurpreet Bharj
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Wijesekara P, Yadav P, Perkins LA, Stolz DB, Franks JM, Watkins SC, Reinoso Jacome E, Brody SL, Horani A, Xu J, Barati Farimani A, Ren X. Engineering rotating apical-out airway organoid for assessing respiratory cilia motility. iScience 2022; 25:104730. [PMID: 35942088 PMCID: PMC9356180 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia project from the airway apical surface and directly interface with inhaled external environment. Owing to cilia's nanoscale dimension and high beating frequency, quantitative assessment of their motility remains a sophisticated task. Here we described a robust approach for reproducible engineering of apical-out airway organoid (AOAO) from a defined number of cells. Propelled by exterior-facing cilia beating, the mature AOAO exhibited stable rotational motion when surrounded by Matrigel. We developed a computational framework leveraging computer vision algorithms to quantify AOAO rotation and correlated it with the direct measurement of cilia motility. We further established the feasibility of using AOAO rotation to recapitulate and measure defective cilia motility caused by chemotherapy-induced toxicity and by CCDC39 mutations in cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. We expect our rotating AOAO model and the associated computational pipeline to offer a generalizable framework to expedite the modeling of and therapeutic development for genetic and environmental ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumi Wijesekara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prakarsh Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lydia A. Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Reinoso Jacome
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amir Barati Farimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Li D, Kim W, An J, Kim S, Lee S, Do A, Kim W, Lee S, Yoon D, Lee K, Ha S, Silverman EK, Cho M, Shin C, Won S. Heritability Analyses Uncover Shared Genetic Effects of Lung Function and Change over Time. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071261. [PMID: 35886044 PMCID: PMC9316642 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic influence on lung functions has been identified in previous studies; however, the relative longitudinal effects of genetic factors and their interactions with smoking on lung function remain unclear. Here, we identified the longitudinal effects of genetic variants on lung function by determining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability and genetic correlations, and by analyzing interactions with smoking. Subject-specific means and annual change rates were calculated for eight spirometric measures obtained from 6622 Korean adults aged 40−69 years every two years for 14 years, and their heritabilities were estimated separately. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) heritability for the subject-specific means of all spirometric measures (8~32%) and change rates of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC; 16%) and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (17%) were detected. Significant genetic correlations of the change rate with the subject-specific mean were observed for FEV1/FVC (ρg = 0.64) and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (ρg = 0.47). Furthermore, post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC showed significant heritability of SNP-by-smoking interaction (hGXS2 = 0.4) for the annual change rate. The GWAS also detected genome-wide significant SNPs for FEV1 (rs4793538), FEV1/FVC (rs2704589, rs62201158, and rs9391733), and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (rs2445936). We found statistically significant evidence of heritability role on the change in lung function, and this was shared with the effects on cross-sectional measurements. We also found some evidence of interaction with smoking for the change of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghe Li
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (D.L.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jahoon An
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136701, Korea; (S.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Seungku Lee
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136701, Korea; (S.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Ahra Do
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (D.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.K.); (E.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Medical Consilience, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea;
| | - Dankyu Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea;
| | - Kwangbae Lee
- Korea Medical Institute, Seoul 03173, Korea; (K.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Seounguk Ha
- Korea Medical Institute, Seoul 03173, Korea; (K.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.K.); (E.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.K.); (E.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136701, Korea; (S.K.); (S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sungho Won
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (D.L.); (A.D.)
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- RexSoft Inc., Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.W.)
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24
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Wildung M, Herr C, Riedel D, Wiedwald C, Moiseenko A, Ramírez F, Tasena H, Heimerl M, Alevra M, Movsisyan N, Schuldt M, Volceanov-Hahn L, Provoost S, Nöthe-Menchen T, Urrego D, Freytag B, Wallmeier J, Beisswenger C, Bals R, van den Berge M, Timens W, Hiemstra PS, Brandsma CA, Maes T, Andreas S, Heijink IH, Pardo LA, Lizé M. miR449 Protects Airway Regeneration by Controlling AURKA/HDAC6-Mediated Ciliary Disassembly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147749. [PMID: 35887096 PMCID: PMC9320302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucociliary regeneration and function are key players for airway defense and are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using transcriptome analysis in COPD-derived bronchial biopsies, we observed a positive correlation between cilia-related genes and microRNA-449 (miR449). In vitro, miR449 was strongly increased during airway epithelial mucociliary differentiation. In vivo, miR449 was upregulated during recovery from chemical or infective insults. miR0449−/− mice (both alleles are deleted) showed impaired ciliated epithelial regeneration after naphthalene and Haemophilus influenzae exposure, accompanied by more intense inflammation and emphysematous manifestations of COPD. The latter occurred spontaneously in aged miR449−/− mice. We identified Aurora kinase A and its effector target HDAC6 as key mediators in miR449-regulated ciliary homeostasis and epithelial regeneration. Aurora kinase A is downregulated upon miR449 overexpression in vitro and upregulated in miR449−/− mouse lungs. Accordingly, imaging studies showed profoundly altered cilia length and morphology accompanied by reduced mucociliary clearance. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 rescued cilia length and coverage in miR449−/− cells, consistent with its tubulin-deacetylating function. Altogether, our study establishes a link between miR449, ciliary dysfunction, and COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit Wildung
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Cornelia Wiedwald
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Immunology & Respiratory Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Fidel Ramírez
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Hataitip Tasena
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.T.); (W.T.); (C.-A.B.); (I.H.H.)
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Maren Heimerl
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Mihai Alevra
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Goettingen University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Naira Movsisyan
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (N.M.); (D.U.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Larisa Volceanov-Hahn
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sharen Provoost
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Tabea Nöthe-Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.N.-M.); (J.W.)
| | - Diana Urrego
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (N.M.); (D.U.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Bernard Freytag
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.N.-M.); (J.W.)
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.T.); (W.T.); (C.-A.B.); (I.H.H.)
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.T.); (W.T.); (C.-A.B.); (I.H.H.)
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.T.); (W.T.); (C.-A.B.); (I.H.H.)
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (N.M.); (D.U.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Muriel Lizé
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; (M.W.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (L.V.-H.); (S.A.)
- Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.F.)
- Immunology & Respiratory Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhu T, Brown AP, Cai LP, Quon G, Ji H. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Lung Epithelial Cell Type-Specific Responses to HDM and Regulation by Tet1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050880. [PMID: 35627266 PMCID: PMC9140484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet1 protects against house dust mite (HDM)-induced lung inflammation in mice and alters the lung methylome and transcriptome. In order to explore the role of Tet1 in individual lung epithelial cell types in HDM-induced inflammation, we established a model of HDM-induced lung inflammation in Tet1 knockout and littermate wild-type mice, then studied EpCAM+ lung epithelial cells using single-cell RNA-seq analysis. We identified eight EpCAM+ lung epithelial cell types, among which AT2 cells were the most abundant. HDM challenge altered the relative abundance of epithelial cell types and resulted in cell type-specific transcriptomic changes. Bulk and cell type-specific analysis also showed that loss of Tet1 led to the altered expression of genes linked to augmented HDM-induced lung inflammation, including alarms, detoxification enzymes, oxidative stress response genes, and tissue repair genes. The transcriptomic regulation was accompanied by alterations in TF activities. Trajectory analysis supports that HDM may enhance the differentiation of AP and BAS cells into AT2 cells, independent of Tet1. Collectively, our data showed that lung epithelial cells had common and unique transcriptomic signatures of allergic lung inflammation. Tet1 deletion altered transcriptomic networks in various lung epithelial cells, which may promote allergen-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Anthony P. Brown
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Lucy P. Cai
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Gerald Quon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Hong Ji
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.Z.); (A.P.B.); (L.P.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-754-0679
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26
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Aghapour M, Ubags ND, Bruder D, Hiemstra PS, Sidhaye V, Rezaee F, Heijink IH. Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210112. [PMID: 35321933 PMCID: PMC9128841 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0112-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of obstructive lung diseases upon exposure to inhaled pollutants will lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. The respiratory epithelial lining forms a robust physicochemical barrier protecting the body from inhaled toxic particles and pathogens. Inhalation of airborne particles and gases may impair airway epithelial barrier function and subsequently lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses and airway remodelling, which are key features of asthma and COPD. In addition, air pollutant-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, thereby increasing the risk of exacerbations and thus triggering further inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in physical barrier disruption induced by major airborne pollutants and outline their implications in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. We further discuss the link between these pollutants and changes in the lung microbiome as a potential factor for aggravating airway diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention to restore airway epithelial integrity in asthma and COPD. Exposure to air pollution induces airway epithelial barrier dysfunction through several mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, exaggerated cytokine responses and impaired host defence, which contributes to development of asthma and COPD. https://bit.ly/3DHL1CA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghapour
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Dept of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Depts of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Luettich K, Sharma M, Yepiskoposyan H, Breheny D, Lowe FJ. An Adverse Outcome Pathway for Decreased Lung Function Focusing on Mechanisms of Impaired Mucociliary Clearance Following Inhalation Exposure. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:750254. [PMID: 35295103 PMCID: PMC8915806 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.750254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) help to organize available mechanistic information related to an adverse outcome into key events (KEs) spanning all organizational levels of a biological system(s). AOPs, therefore, aid in the biological understanding of a particular pathogenesis and also help with linking exposures to eventual toxic effects. In the regulatory context, knowledge of disease mechanisms can help design testing strategies using in vitro methods that can measure or predict KEs relevant to the biological effect of interest. The AOP described here evaluates the major processes known to be involved in regulating efficient mucociliary clearance (MCC) following exposures causing oxidative stress. MCC is a key aspect of the innate immune defense against airborne pathogens and inhaled chemicals and is governed by the concerted action of its functional components, the cilia and airway surface liquid (ASL). The AOP network described here consists of sequences of KEs that culminate in the modulation of ciliary beat frequency and ASL height as well as mucus viscosity and hence, impairment of MCC, which in turn leads to decreased lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Breheny
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frazer J Lowe
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Earby, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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28
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Choi WJ, Yoon JK, Paulson B, Lee CH, Yim JJ, Kim JI, Kim JK. Image Correlation-Based Method to Assess Ciliary Beat Frequency in Human Airway Organoids. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:374-382. [PMID: 34524956 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ciliary movements within the human airway are essential for maintaining a clean lung environment. Motile cilia have a characteristic ciliary beat frequency (CBF). However, CBF measurement with current video microscopic techniques can be error-prone due to the use of the single-point Fourier transformation, which is often biased for ciliary measurements. Herein, we describe a new video microscopy technique that harnesses a metric of motion-contrast imaging and image correlation for CBF analysis. It can provide objective and selective CBF measurements for individual motile cilia and generate CBF maps for the imaged area. The measurement performance of our methodology was validated with in vitro human airway organoid models that simulated an actual human airway epithelium. The CBF determined for the region of interest (ROI) was equal to that obtained with manual counting. The signal redundancy problem of conventional methods was not observed. Moreover, the obtained CBF measurements were robust to optical focal shifts, and exhibited spatial heterogeneity and temperature dependence. This technique can be used to evaluate ciliary movement in respiratory tracts and determine whether it is non-synchronous or aperiodic in patients. Therefore, our observations suggest that the proposed method can be clinically adapted as a screening tool to diagnose ciliopathies.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This article discusses recent updates on the clinical management of asthma and outlines ways for nurses to engage patients in the management of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Galante
- Christine M. Galante has practiced in acute, primary, and long-term care, and has worked in nursing education
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30
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McMahon DB, Kuek LE, Johnson ME, Johnson PO, Horn RL, Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. The bitter end: T2R bitter receptor agonists elevate nuclear calcium and induce apoptosis in non-ciliated airway epithelial cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102499. [PMID: 34839223 PMCID: PMC8752513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) localize to airway motile cilia and initiate innate immune responses in retaliation to bacterial quorum sensing molecules. Activation of cilia T2Rs leads to calcium-driven NO production that increases cilia beating and directly kills bacteria. Several diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis, are characterized by loss of motile cilia and/or squamous metaplasia. To understand T2R function within the altered landscape of airway disease, we studied T2Rs in non-ciliated airway cell lines and primary cells. Several T2Rs localize to the nucleus in de-differentiated cells that typically localize to cilia in differentiated cells. As cilia and nuclear import utilize shared proteins, some T2Rs may target to the nucleus in the absence of motile cilia. T2R agonists selectively elevated nuclear and mitochondrial calcium through a G-protein-coupled receptor phospholipase C mechanism. Additionally, T2R agonists decreased nuclear cAMP, increased nitric oxide, and increased cGMP, consistent with T2R signaling. Furthermore, exposure to T2R agonists led to nuclear calcium-induced mitochondrial depolarization and caspase activation. T2R agonists induced apoptosis in primary bronchial and nasal cells differentiated at air-liquid interface but then induced to a squamous phenotype by apical submersion. Air-exposed well-differentiated cells did not die. This may be a last-resort defense against bacterial infection. However, it may also increase susceptibility of de-differentiated or remodeled epithelia to damage by bacterial metabolites. Moreover, the T2R-activated apoptosis pathway occurs in airway cancer cells. T2Rs may thus contribute to microbiome-tumor cell crosstalk in airway cancers. Targeting T2Rs may be useful for activating cancer cell apoptosis while sparing surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. McMahon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
| | - Li Eon Kuek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline E. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paige O. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel L.J. Horn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan M. Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
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31
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Coppolo DP, Schloss J, Suggett JA, Mitchell JP. Non-Pharmaceutical Techniques for Obstructive Airway Clearance Focusing on the Role of Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP): A Narrative Review. Pulm Ther 2021; 8:1-41. [PMID: 34860355 PMCID: PMC8640712 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus secretion in the lungs is a natural process that protects the airways from inhaled insoluble particle accumulation by capture and removal via the mucociliary escalator. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated bronchiectasis, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), result in mucus layer thickening, associated with high viscosity in CF, which can eventually lead to complete airway obstruction. These processes severely impair the delivery of inhaled medications to obstructed regions of the lungs, resulting in poorly controlled disease with associated increased morbidity and mortality. This narrative review article focuses on the use of non-pharmacological airway clearance therapies (ACTs) that promote mechanical movement from the obstructed airway. Particular attention is given to the evolving application of oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) therapy via a variety of devices. Advice is provided as to the features that appear to be the most effective at mucus mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jolyon P Mitchell
- Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Consulting Services Inc., 1154 St. Anthony Road, London, ON, N6H 2R1, Canada.
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32
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COVID-19 Anosmia: High Prevalence, Plural Neuropathogenic Mechanisms, and Scarce Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2? Viruses 2021; 13:v13112225. [PMID: 34835030 PMCID: PMC8625547 DOI: 10.3390/v13112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is known as a respiratory virus, but SARS-CoV-2 appears equally, or even more, infectious for the olfactory epithelium (OE) than for the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity. In light of the small area of the OE relative to the respiratory epithelium, the high prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions (ODs) in COVID-19 has been bewildering and has attracted much attention. This review aims to first examine the cytological and molecular biological characteristics of the OE, especially the microvillous apical surfaces of sustentacular cells and the abundant SARS-CoV-2 receptor molecules thereof, that may underlie the high susceptibility of this neuroepithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection and damages. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism, or the lack of it, is then analyzed with regard to the expression of the receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) or priming protease (transmembrane serine protease 2), and cellular targets of infection. Neuropathology of COVID-19 in the OE, olfactory bulb, and other related neural structures are also reviewed. Toward the end, we present our perspectives regarding possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis and ODs, in the absence of substantial viral infection of neurons. Plausible causes for persistent ODs in some COVID-19 convalescents are also examined.
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33
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Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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34
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Rijsbergen LC, van Dijk LLA, Engel MFM, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683002. [PMID: 34489934 PMCID: PMC8418200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. A large number of RTIs is caused by viruses, often resulting in more severe disease in infants, elderly and the immunocompromised. Upon viral infection, most individuals experience common cold-like symptoms associated with an upper RTI. However, in some cases a severe and sometimes life-threatening lower RTI may develop. Reproducible and scalable in vitro culture models that accurately reflect the human respiratory tract are needed to study interactions between respiratory viruses and the host, and to test novel therapeutic interventions. Multiple in vitro respiratory cell culture systems have been described, but the majority of these are based on immortalized cell lines. Although useful for studying certain aspects of viral infections, such monomorphic, unicellular systems fall short in creating an understanding of the processes that occur at an integrated tissue level. Novel in vitro models involving primary human airway epithelial cells and, more recently, human airway organoids, are now in use. In this review, we describe the evolution of in vitro cell culture systems and their characteristics in the context of viral RTIs, starting from advances after immortalized cell cultures to more recently developed organoid systems. Furthermore, we describe how these models are used in studying virus-host interactions, e.g. tropism and receptor studies as well as interactions with the innate immune system. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field, including co-factors that mimic the microenvironment in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine C. Rijsbergen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L. A. van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. M. Engel
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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35
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Sin S, Choi HM, Lim J, Kim J, Bak SH, Choi SS, Park J, Lee JH, Oh YM, Lee MK, Hobbs BD, Cho MH, Silverman EK, Kim WJ. A genome-wide association study of quantitative computed tomographic emphysema in Korean populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16692. [PMID: 34404834 PMCID: PMC8371078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is an important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Genetic factors likely affect emphysema pathogenesis, but this question has predominantly been studied in those of European ancestry. In this study, we sought to determine genetic components of emphysema severity and characterize the potential function of the associated loci in Korean population. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on quantitative emphysema in subjects with or without COPD from two Korean COPD cohorts. We investigated the functional consequences of the loci using epigenetic annotation and gene expression data. We also compared our GWAS results with an epigenome-wide association study and previous differential gene expression analysis. In total, 548 subjects (476 [86.9%] male) including 514 COPD patients were evaluated. We identified one genome-wide significant SNP (P < 5.0 × 10-8), rs117084279, near PIBF1. We identified an additional 57 SNPs (P < 5.0 × 10-6) associated with emphysema in all subjects, and 106 SNPs (P < 5.0 × 10-6) in COPD patients. Of these candidate SNPs, 2 (rs12459249, rs11667314) near CYP2A6 were expression quantitative trait loci in lung tissue and a SNP (rs11214944) near NNMT was an expression quantitative trait locus in whole blood. Of note, rs11214944 was in linkage disequilibrium with variants in enhancer histone marks in lung tissue. Several genes near additional SNPs were identified in our previous EWAS study with nominal level of significance. We identified a novel SNP associated with quantitative emphysema on CT. Including the novel SNP, several candidate SNPs in our study may provide clues to the genetic etiology of emphysema in Asian populations. Further research and validation of the loci will help determine the genetic factors for the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooim Sin
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Choi
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Park
- grid.470090.a0000 0004 1792 3864Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Si L, Bai H, Rodas M, Cao W, Oh CY, Jiang A, Moller R, Hoagland D, Oishi K, Horiuchi S, Uhl S, Blanco-Melo D, Albrecht RA, Liu WC, Jordan T, Nilsson-Payant BE, Golynker I, Frere J, Logue J, Haupt R, McGrath M, Weston S, Zhang T, Plebani R, Soong M, Nurani A, Kim SM, Zhu DY, Benam KH, Goyal G, Gilpin SE, Prantil-Baun R, Gygi SP, Powers RK, Carlson KE, Frieman M, tenOever BR, Ingber DE. A human-airway-on-a-chip for the rapid identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:815-829. [PMID: 33941899 PMCID: PMC8387338 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid repurposing of antivirals is particularly pressing during pandemics. However, rapid assays for assessing candidate drugs typically involve in vitro screens and cell lines that do not recapitulate human physiology at the tissue and organ levels. Here we show that a microfluidic bronchial-airway-on-a-chip lined by highly differentiated human bronchial-airway epithelium and pulmonary endothelium can model viral infection, strain-dependent virulence, cytokine production and the recruitment of circulating immune cells. In airway chips infected with influenza A, the co-administration of nafamostat with oseltamivir doubled the treatment-time window for oseltamivir. In chips infected with pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinically relevant doses of the antimalarial drug amodiaquine inhibited infection but clinical doses of hydroxychloroquine and other antiviral drugs that inhibit the entry of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in cell lines under static conditions did not. We also show that amodiaquine showed substantial prophylactic and therapeutic activities in hamsters challenged with native SARS-CoV-2. The human airway-on-a-chip may accelerate the identification of therapeutics and prophylactics with repurposing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Rodas
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wuji Cao
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal Yuri Oh
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasmus Moller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daisy Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Blanco-Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilona Golynker
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Frere
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Haupt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mercy Soong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atiq Nurani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danni Y Zhu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rani K Powers
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Carlson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Cigarette Smoke Specifically Affects Small Airway Epithelial Cell Populations and Triggers the Expansion of Inflammatory and Squamous Differentiation Associated Basal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147646. [PMID: 34299265 PMCID: PMC8305830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes remodeling of the small airways. However, the exact smoke-induced effects on the different types of small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) are poorly understood. Here, using air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures, single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals previously unrecognized transcriptional heterogeneity within the small airway epithelium and cell type-specific effects upon acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Smoke triggers detoxification and inflammatory responses and aberrantly activates and alters basal cell differentiation. This results in an increase of inflammatory basal-to-secretory cell intermediates and, particularly after chronic smoke exposure, a massive expansion of a rare inflammatory and squamous metaplasia associated KRT6A+ basal cell state and an altered secretory cell landscape. ALI cultures originating from healthy non-smokers and COPD smokers show similar responses to cigarette smoke exposure, although an increased pro-inflammatory profile is conserved in the latter. Taken together, the in vitro models provide high-resolution insights into the smoke-induced remodeling of the small airways resembling the pathological processes in COPD airways. The data may also help to better understand other lung diseases including COVID-19, as the data reflect the smoke-dependent variable induction of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors across SAEC populations.
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Lee SG, Lee SN, Baek J, Yoon JH, Lee H. Mechanical compression enhances ciliary beating through cytoskeleton remodeling in human nasal epithelial cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:346-356. [PMID: 33882353 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nasal inflammatory diseases, including nasal polyps and acute/chronic sinusitis, are characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance and eventually inflammation and infection. Contact of nasal polyps with adjacent nasal mucosa or stagnated mucus within the maxillary sinus produces compressive mechanical stresses on the apical surface of epithelium which can induce cytoskeleton remodeling in epithelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that compressive stress modulates ciliary beating by altering the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton of ciliated cell basal bodies. For the primary human nasal epithelial cells, we found that the applied compressive stress higher than the critical value of 1.0 kPa increased the stroke speed of cilia leading to the enhancement of ciliary beating frequency and mucociliary transportability. Immunostained images of the cytoskeleton showed reorganization and compactness of the actin filaments in the presence of compressive stress. Analysis of beating trajectory with the computational modeling for ciliary beating revealed that the stroke speed of cilium increased as the relative elasticity to viscosity of the surrounding cytoskeleton increases. These results suggest that the compressive stress on epithelial cells increases the ciliary beating speed through cytoskeleton remodeling to prevent mucus stagnation at the early stage of airway obstruction. Our study provides an insight into the defensive mechanism of airway epithelium against pathological conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cilia dynamics of the nasal epithelium is critical for not only maintaining normal breathing but preventing inflammatory diseases. It has been shown that mechanical compressive stresses can alter the shape and phenotype of epithelial cells. However, the effect of compressive stress on cilia dynamics is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the oscillation speed of cilia in human nasal epithelial cells was increased by the applied compressive stress experimentally. The computational simulation revealed that the change of ciliary beating dynamics was attributed to the viscoelastic properties of the reorganized cytoskeleton in response to compressive stress. Our results will be beneficial in understanding the defensive mechanism of airway epithelium against pathological conditions.
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Paplinska-Goryca M. Biological effect of PM 10 on airway epithelium-focus on obstructive lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108754. [PMID: 33964432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM10 constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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41
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Xiong R, Wu Y, Wu Q, Muskhelishvili L, Davis K, Tripathi P, Chen Y, Chen T, Bryant M, Rosenfeldt H, Healy SM, Cao X. Integration of transcriptome analysis with pathophysiological endpoints to evaluate cigarette smoke toxicity in an in vitro human airway tissue model. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1739-1761. [PMID: 33660061 PMCID: PMC8113308 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a known risk factor in the pathogenesis of smoking-caused diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer. To assess the effects of CS on the function and phenotype of airway epithelial cells, we developed a novel repeated treatment protocol and comprehensively evaluated the progression of key molecular, functional, and structural abnormalities induced by CS in a human in vitro air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Cultures were exposed to CS (diluted with 0.5 L/min, 1.0 L/min, and 4.0 L/min clean air) generated from smoking five 3R4F University of Kentucky reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) machine smoking regimen, every other day for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 40 min/day). By integrating the transcriptomics-based approach with the in vitro pathophysiological measurements, we demonstrated CS-mediated effects on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ciliary function, expression and secretion of mucins, and squamous cell differentiation that are highly consistent with abnormalities observed in airways of smokers. Enrichment analysis on the transcriptomic profiles of the ALI cultures revealed key molecular pathways, such as xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses that were perturbed in response to CS exposure. These responses, in turn, may trigger aberrant tissue remodeling, eventually leading to the onset of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, changes of a panel of genes known to be disturbed in smokers with COPD were successfully reproduced in the ALI cultures exposed to CS. In summary, findings from this study suggest that such an integrative approach may be a useful tool for identifying genes and adverse cellular events caused by inhaled toxicants, like CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | - Kelly Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Sheila M Healy
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Xiong R, Wu L, Wu Y, Muskhelishvili L, Wu Q, Chen Y, Chen T, Bryant M, Rosenfeldt H, Healy SM, Cao X. Transcriptome analysis reveals lung-specific miRNAs associated with impaired mucociliary clearance induced by cigarette smoke in an in vitro human airway tissue model. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1763-1778. [PMID: 33704509 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is strongly associated with impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CS-induced respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). In this study, we aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with impaired MCC caused by CS in an in vitro human air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. ALI cultures were exposed to CS (diluted with 0.5 L/min, 1.0 L/min, and 4.0 L/min of clean air) from smoking five 3R4F University of Kentucky reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) machine smoking regimen, every other day for 1 week (a total of 3 days, 40 min/day). Transcriptome analyses of ALI cultures exposed to the high concentration of CS identified 5090 differentially expressed genes and 551 differentially expressed miRNAs after the third exposure. Genes involved in ciliary function and ciliogenesis were significantly perturbed by repeated CS exposures, leading to changes in cilia beating frequency and ciliary protein expression. In particular, a time-dependent decrease in the expression of miR-449a, a conserved miRNA highly enriched in ciliated airway epithelia and implicated in motile ciliogenesis, was observed in CS-exposed cultures. Similar alterations in miR-449a have been reported in smokers with COPD. Network analysis further indicates that downregulation of miR-449a by CS may derepress cell-cycle proteins, which, in turn, interferes with ciliogenesis. Investigating the effects of CS on transcriptome profile in human ALI cultures may provide not only mechanistic insights, but potential early biomarkers for CS exposure and harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Leihong Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, 72079, AR, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, 72079, AR, USA
| | | | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, 72079, AR, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, 72079, AR, USA
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Sheila M Healy
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Sainz de Aja J, Dost AFM, Kim CF. Alveolar progenitor cells and the origin of lung cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:629-635. [PMID: 33340175 PMCID: PMC8604037 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and therefore advanced stage of the disease. Understanding the cell of origin of cancer and the processes that lead to its transformation will allow for earlier diagnosis and more accurate prediction of tumour type, ultimately leading to better treatments and lower patient morbidity. In this review, we focus on alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells as the cell of origin of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common type of lung cancer. We first elaborate on the different oncogenes that are associated with LUAD and other lung cancers. After, we lay out in detail what is known about AT2 biology, to further delve into AT2 cells as cell of origin for adenocarcinoma. Understanding the precursors of LUAD and identifying the molecular changes during its progression will allow for earlier detection and better molecular targeting of the disease in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sainz de Aja
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A F M Dost
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C F Kim
- From the, Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Association of Olfactory and Pulmonary Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071535. [PMID: 33917527 PMCID: PMC8038763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the relationship between pulmonary function and subjective olfactory dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 to 2012 to analyze 6191 participants in their 50s or older. RESULTS The frequency of olfactory dysfunction was 6.8% among the subjects with normal pulmonary function tests, but was significantly more frequent in those diagnosed with restrictive (9.6%) or obstructive (10.1%) pulmonary function. Forced volume vital capacity, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, FEV6, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in the olfactory dysfunction group. The risk of olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with obstructive pulmonary function (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.449 [1.010-2.081]) after adjusting for confounders (sex, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, education level, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation). CONCLUSION Middle-aged and older adults with obstructive pulmonary function had a higher incidence of subjective olfactory dysfunction than the normal pulmonary function group. Early olfactory testing may improve the quality of life of patients with obstructive pulmonary function.
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45
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Kouthouridis S, Goepp J, Martini C, Matthes E, Hanrahan JW, Moraes C. Oxygenation as a driving factor in epithelial differentiation at the air-liquid interface. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:61-72. [PMID: 33677549 PMCID: PMC7965686 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Culture at the air-liquid interface is broadly accepted as necessary for differentiation of cultured epithelial cells towards an in vivo-like phenotype. However, air-liquid interface cultures are expensive, laborious and challenging to scale for increased throughput applications. Deconstructing the microenvironmental parameters that drive these differentiation processes could circumvent these limitations, and here we hypothesize that reduced oxygenation due to diffusion limitations in liquid media limits differentiation in submerged cultures; and that this phenotype can be rescued by recreating normoxic conditions at the epithelial monolayer, even under submerged conditions. Guided by computational models, hyperoxygenation of atmospheric conditions was applied to manipulate oxygenation at the monolayer surface. The impact of this rescue condition was confirmed by assessing protein expression of hypoxia-sensitive markers. Differentiation of primary human bronchial epithelial cells isolated from healthy patients was then assessed in air-liquid interface, submerged and hyperoxygenated submerged culture conditions. Markers of differentiation, including epithelial layer thickness, tight junction formation, ciliated surface area and functional capacity for mucociliary clearance, were assessed and found to improve significantly in hyperoxygenated submerged cultures, beyond standard air-liquid interface or submerged culture conditions. These results demonstrate that an air-liquid interface is not necessary to produce highly differentiated epithelial structures, and that increased availability of oxygen and nutrient media can be leveraged as important strategies to improve epithelial differentiation for applications in respiratory toxicology and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Julie Goepp
- Department of Physiology, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Montreal, Canada
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Deng Z, Kalin GT, Shi D, Kalinichenko VV. Nanoparticle Delivery Systems with Cell-Specific Targeting for Pulmonary Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:292-307. [PMID: 33095997 PMCID: PMC7909340 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0306tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disorders are among the most important medical problems threatening human life. The conventional therapeutics for respiratory disorders are hindered by insufficient drug concentrations at pathological lesions, lack of cell-specific targeting, and various biobarriers in the conducting airways and alveoli. To address these critical issues, various nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed to serve as carriers of specific drugs, DNA expression vectors, and RNAs. The unique properties of nanoparticles, including controlled size and distribution, surface functional groups, high payload capacity, and drug release triggering capabilities, are tailored to specific requirements in drug/gene delivery to overcome major delivery barriers in pulmonary diseases. To avoid off-target effects and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticles with high cell-targeting specificity are essential for successful nanoparticle therapies. Furthermore, low toxicity and high degradability of the nanoparticles are among the most important requirements in the nanoparticle designs. In this review, we provide the most up-to-date research and clinical outcomes in nanoparticle therapies for pulmonary diseases. We also address the current critical issues in key areas of pulmonary cell targeting, biosafety and compatibility, and molecular mechanisms for selective cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Deng
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Gregory T. Kalin
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Uzeloto JS, Ramos D, Silva BSDA, Lima MBPD, Silva RN, Camillo CA, Ramos EMC. Mucociliary Clearance of Different Respiratory Conditions: A Clinical Study. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 25:e35-e40. [PMID: 33542749 PMCID: PMC7850890 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense of the pulmonary system. Mucociliary clearance impairment may lead to increased risk of respiratory infections, lung injury, pulmonary repair problems, chronic dysfunctions and progression of respiratory diseases. Objective To characterize the MCC of active and passive smokers and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare the MCC behaviors between men and women of different age groups. Methods Patients with COPD (current smokers and ex-smokers) and apparently healthy individuals (current smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers) were evaluated. All of the subjects underwent lung function and MCC evaluation (saccharin transport test [STT]). Smokers (with or without COPD) were questioned about the smoking history. Results A total of 418 individuals aged 16 to 82 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The STT values of active and passive smokers were statistically higher than those of the control group ( p < 0.01). Men of the control group had lower values of STT than active smokers (9.7 ± 7.1 and 15.4 ± 10.1 minute, respectively, p < 0.01). In addition, higher MCC velocity was observed in women that are current smokers (11.7 ± 6.8 minute) compared with men (15.4 ± 10.1 minute) in this group ( p = 0.01). Among the younger age groups (< 50 years old), only passive smokers presented higher STT in relation to the control group. Conclusion Passive and active smoking are factors that influence negatively the MCC, and passive smokers may present losses of this mechanism at a younger age. Additionally, male smokers present worse MCC than male nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rebeca Nunes Silva
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Liu Y, Lv J, Liu J, Li M, Xie J, Lv Q, Deng W, Zhou N, Zhou Y, Song J, Wang P, Qin C, Tong WM, Huang B. Mucus production stimulated by IFN-AhR signaling triggers hypoxia of COVID-19. Cell Res 2020; 30:1078-1087. [PMID: 33159154 PMCID: PMC7646495 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent hypoxia has emerged as a unique feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we show that mucins are accumulated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients and are upregulated in the lungs of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected mice and macaques. We find that induction of either interferon (IFN)-β or IFN-γ upon SARS-CoV-2 infection results in activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling through an IDO-Kyn-dependent pathway, leading to transcriptional upregulation of the expression of mucins, both the secreted and membrane-bound, in alveolar epithelial cells. Consequently, accumulated alveolar mucus affects the blood-gas barrier, thus inducing hypoxia and diminishing lung capacity, which can be reversed by blocking AhR activity. These findings potentially explain the silent hypoxia formation in COVID-19 patients, and suggest a possible intervention strategy by targeting the AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qi Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, CAMS and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Jing Shun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei-Min Tong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CAMS and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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49
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Paplińska-Goryca M, Misiukiewicz-Stępień P, Górska K, Krenke R. Cilia proteins CFAP36 and sentan in induced sputum
as possible new markers of epithelial damage in
obstructive lung diseases: A preliminary study. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common chronic
respiratory diseases characterized by inflammation in the lower airways and epithelium
remodeling. Dysfunction of cilium is related to severe asthma and COPD, the role of cilium
proteins in obstructive lung diseases is not known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the
concentration of cilia associated proteins: sentan and CFAP36 in induced sputum (IS) of asthma
and COPD patients.
Materials/Methods: The study involved 15 patients with asthma, 12 patients with COPD and 17 control subjects
(9 non-smoking, 8 smoking) who underwent lung function tests and sputum induction. Sentan,
CFAP36, IL-6, IL-8, concentrations were measured in induced sputum supernatants by ELISA.
Results: The level of CFAP36 in induced sputum was elevated in asthma patients and subjects with
atopy. Cilium protein levels in sputum were not related to spirometric tests results. Both
CFAP36 and sentan concentrations were positively correlated with age. The level of sentan
was associated with airway neutrophilic inflammation and active smoking status. CFAP36
concentration was negatively related to cell viability, whereas sentan level was positively
related, but only in COPD patients.
Conclusions: The results of our study revealed CFAP36 and sentan as possible new markers of epithelial
damage of different origin in obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Lee SL, O'Callaghan C, Lau YL, Lee CWD. Functional analysis and evaluation of respiratory cilia in healthy Chinese children. Respir Res 2020; 21:259. [PMID: 33036612 PMCID: PMC7545929 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To aid in the diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) and to evaluate the respiratory epithelium in respiratory disease, normal age-related reference ranges are needed for ciliary beat frequency (CBF), beat pattern and ultrastructure. Our aim was to establish reference ranges for healthy Chinese children. METHODS Ciliated epithelial samples were obtained from 135 healthy Chinese children aged below 18 years by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate. CBF and beat pattern were analysed from high speed video recordings. Epithelial integrity and ciliary ultrastructure were assessed using transmission electronic microscopy. RESULTS The mean CBF from 135 children studied was 10.1 Hz (95% CI 9.8 to 10.4). Approximately 20% (ranged 18.0-24.2%) of ciliated epithelial edges were found to have areas of dyskinetically beating cilia. Normal beat pattern was observed in ciliated epithelium from all subjects. We did not find any effect of exposure to second hand smoke on CBF in our subjects. Microtubular defects were found in 9.3% of all of the cilia counted in these children, while other ciliary ultrastructural defects were found in less than 3%. CONCLUSIONS We established the reference range for CBF, beat pattern and ultrastructure in healthy Chinese children. Using similar methodology, we found a lower overall mean CBF than previously obtained European values. This study highlights the need to establish normative data for ciliary function in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Lun Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, HKSAR, China. .,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, HKSAR, China.
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and GOSH NIHR BRC, London, UK
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chun-Wai Davy Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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