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Liddelow SA, Olsen ML, Sofroniew MV. Reactive Astrocytes and Emerging Roles in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041356. [PMID: 38316554 PMCID: PMC11216178 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In addition to their many functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes respond to CNS damage and disease through a process called "reactivity." Recent evidence reveals that astrocyte reactivity is a heterogeneous spectrum of potential changes that occur in a context-specific manner. These changes are determined by diverse signaling events and vary not only with the nature and severity of different CNS insults but also with location in the CNS, genetic predispositions, age, and potentially also with "molecular memory" of previous reactivity events. Astrocyte reactivity can be associated with both essential beneficial functions as well as with harmful effects. The available information is rapidly expanding and much has been learned about molecular diversity of astrocyte reactivity. Emerging functional associations point toward central roles for astrocyte reactivity in determining the outcome in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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2
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Ma L, Mi N, Wang Z, Bao R, Fang J, Ren Y, Xu X, Zhang H, Tang Y. Knockdown of IRF8 alleviates neuroinflammation through regulating microglial activation in Parkinson's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102424. [PMID: 38670441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation associated with microglial activation plays a role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) in microglia following peripheral nerve injury has been observed to induce microglial activation. This suggests the potential therapeutic significance of IRF8 in PD. This research aims to explore the effects of IRF8 on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, along with its underlying mechanisms. The study examines the differential expression of IRF8 and its effects on neuropathological changes using a PD mouse model and a PD model established from BV2 cells in vitro. IRF8 was found to be prominently expressed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of PD mice and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, while the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) content in the SNpc region of PD mice was notably reduced. MPTP treatment and LPS stimulation intensified microglial activation, inflammation, and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Upon IRF8 silencing in the PD mouse and cell models, the knockdown of IRF8 ameliorated MPTP-induced behavioral deficits, increased the counts of TH and Nissl-positive neurons and DA content, reduced the number of Iba-1-positive microglia, and reduced the content of inflammatory factors, possibly by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Similar outcomes were observed in the PD cell model. In conclusion, the suppression of IRF8 alleviates neuroinflammation through regulating microglial activation in PD models in vivo and in vitro by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Neurology, Jilin City Hospital of Chemical Industry, Jilin City, Jilin, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Neurology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yajing Ren
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xu
- General Medical Department, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Hospital of Chemical Industry, Jilin City, Jilin, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Tong J, Chen S, Gu X, Zhang X, Wei F, Xing Y. CD38 and extracellular NAD + regulate the development and maintenance of Hp vaccine-induced CD4 + T RM in the gastric epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00065-5. [PMID: 38960319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) can be induced by infection and vaccination, and play a key role in maintaining long-term protective immunity against mucosal pathogens. Our studies explored the key factors and mechanisms affecting the differentiation, maturation, and stable residence of gastric epithelial CD4+ TRM induced by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) vaccine and optimized Hp vaccination to promote the generation and residence of TRM.CD38 regulated mitochondrial activity and enhanced TGF-β signal transduction to promote the differentiation and residence of gastric epithelial CD4+ TRM by mediating the expression of CD105. Extracellular nucleotides influenced the long-term maintenance of TRM in gastric epithelium by P2RX7. Vitamin D3 and Gram-positive enhancer matrix particles (GEMs)as immune adjuvants combined with Hp vaccination promoted the production of CD69+CD103+CD4+ TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyue Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuanqi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z. Alzheimer's disease approaches - Focusing on pathology, biomarkers and clinical trial candidates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111069. [PMID: 38917881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The strategy for the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognizes that an effective therapy requires early therapeutic intervention and a multifactorial approach that considers the individual initiators of AD development. Current knowledge of AD includes the understanding of pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the evolving patterns of biomarker abnormalities. This knowledge is essential in identifying potential molecular targets for new drug development. This review summarizes promising AD drug candidates, many of which are currently in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. New agents are classified according to the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO). The main targets of new drugs for AD are processes related to amyloid beta and tau neurotoxicity, neurotransmission, inflammation, metabolism and bioenergetics, synaptic plasticity, and oxidative stress. These interventions are aimed at preventing disease onset and slowing or eliminating disease progression. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy may be enhanced by combining these drugs with other treatments, antioxidants, and dietary supplements. Ongoing research into AD pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the dynamics of biomarker abnormalities may contribute to the understanding of AD and offer hope for effective therapeutic strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Zhuang X, Xia Y, Liu Y, Guo T, Xia Z, Wang Z, Zhang G. SCG5 and MITF may be novel markers of copper metabolism immunorelevance in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13619. [PMID: 38871989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The slow-developing neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) has no recognized etiology. A bioinformatics investigation verified copper metabolism indicators for AD development. GEO contributed AD-related datasets GSE1297 and GSE5281. Differential expression analysis and WGCNA confirmed biomarker candidate genes. Each immune cell type in AD and control samples was scored using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) grouping, and expression analysis between control and AD samples discovered copper metabolism indicators that impacted AD progression. We test clinical samples and cellular function to ensure study correctness. Biomarker-targeting miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted by starBase. Trust website anticipated biomarker-targeting transcription factors. In the end, Cytoscape constructed the TF/miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA networks. The DGIdb database predicted biomarker-targeted drugs. We identified 57 differentially expressed copper metabolism-related genes (DE-CMRGs). Next, fourteen copper metabolism indicators impacting AD progression were identified: CCK, ATP6V1E1, SYT1, LDHA, PAM, HPRT1, SCG5, ATP6V1D, GOT1, NFKBIA, SPHK1, MITF, BRCA1, and CD38. A TF/miRNA-mRNA regulation network was then established with two miRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p and 34c-5p), six TFs (NFKB1, RELA, MYC, HIF1A, JUN, and SP1), and four biomarkers. The DGIdb database contained 171 drugs targeting ten copper metabolism-relevant biomarkers (BRCA1, MITF, NFKBIA, CD38, CCK2, HPRT1, SPHK1, LDHA, SCG5, and SYT1). Copper metabolism biomarkers CCK, ATP6V1E1, SYT1, LDHA, PAM, HPRT1, SCG5, ATP6V1D, GOT1, NFKBIA, SPHK1, MITF, BRCA1, and CD38 alter AD progression, laying the groundwork for disease pathophysiology and novel AD diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yitong Xia
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Shandong Sub-Centre, Liaocheng, China
- Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China.
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6
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Eliseev MS, Zheliabina OV, Nasonov EL. [Uric acid, cognitive disorders, neurodegeneration]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2024; 96:447-452. [PMID: 38829804 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.05.202698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the role of uric acid (UA) in cognitive changes and neurodegeneration, focusing on its functions as an antioxidant and prooxidant. Research suggests that changes in serum UA levels may be associated with the development or delay of cognitive impairment, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It was revealed that there is a relationship between the level of UA and the dynamics of cognitive functions, indicating the potential neuroprotective properties of UA. Particular attention is paid to the balance between the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of UA, which may play a key role in protecting neurons from damage. However, research results are not clear-cut, highlighting the need for further research to more fully understand the role of UA in cognitive processes. Determining the optimal serum UA level may be an important step in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with neurodegeneration. Overall, these studies advance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction between uric acid metabolism and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E L Nasonov
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Na YH, Hong JT, Han JM, Hoe HS, Lim KH. Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131925. [PMID: 38685540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Nguyen CT, Nakayama M, Ishigaki H, Kitagawa Y, Kakino A, Ohno M, Shingai M, Suzuki Y, Sawamura T, Kida H, Itoh Y. Increased expression of CD38 on endothelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Virology 2024; 594:110052. [PMID: 38507920 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes activation of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to dysmorphology and dysfunction. To study the pathogenesis of endotheliopathy, the activation of ECs in lungs of cynomolgus macaques after SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism in ECs were investigated, with a focus on the CD38 molecule, which degrades NAD in inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Activation of ECs was seen from day 3 after SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques, with increases of intravascular fibrin and NAD metabolism-associated enzymes including CD38. In vitro, upregulation of CD38 mRNA in human ECs was detected after interleukin 6 (IL-6) trans-signaling induction, which was increased in the infection. In the presence of IL-6 trans-signaling stimulation, however, CD38 mRNA silencing induced significant IL-6 mRNA upregulation in ECs and promoted EC apoptosis after stimulation. These results suggest that upregulation of CD38 in patients with COVID-19 has a protective role against IL-6 trans-signaling stimulation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Liao W, Wang P, He Y, Liu Z, Wang L. Investigation of the underlying mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in ischemic stroke by integrating systems pharmacology-proteomics and in vivo experiments. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105935. [PMID: 38580032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) has been effective in treating ischemic stroke (IS). However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The study intended to explore the potential mechanism of BHD against IS using systems pharmacology, proteomics, and animal experiments. The active components of BHD were identified from UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and literature mining. Systems pharmacology and proteomics were employed to investigate the underlying mechanism of BHD against IS. The AutoDock tool was used for molecular docking. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat was utilized to explore the therapeutic benefits of BHD. The rats were divided into sham, model, BHD (5, 10, 20 g/kg, ig) groups. The neurological scores, pathological section characteristics, brain infarct volumes, inflammatory cytokines, and signaling pathways were investigated in vivo experiments. The results of systems pharmacology showed that 13 active compounds and 112 common targets were screened in BHD. The docking results suggested that the active compounds in BHD had a high affinity for the key targets. In vivo experiments demonstrated that BHD exhibited neuroprotective benefits by lowering the neurological score, the volume of the cerebral infarct, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and reducing neuroinflammatory damage in MCAO rats. Furthermore, BHD decreased TNF-α and CD38 levels while increasing ATP2B2, PDE1A, CaMK4, p-PI3K, and p-AKT. Combined with systems pharmacology and proteomic studies, we confirmed that PI3K-Akt and calcium signaling pathways are the key mechanisms for BHD against IS. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the feasibility of combining proteomics with systems pharmacology to study the mechanism of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying He
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou HanFang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Processing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Innovation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Lipid, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Zai Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lisheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Rajan S, Shalygin A, Gudermann T, Chubanov V, Dietrich A. TRPM2 channels are essential for regulation of cytokine production in lung interstitial macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38785126 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) are essential for organ homeostasis, inflammation, and autonomous immune response in lung tissues, which are achieved through polarization to a pro-inflammatory M1 and an M2 state for tissue repair. Their remote parenchymal localization and low counts, however, are limiting factors for their isolation and molecular characterization of their specific role during tissue inflammation. We isolated viable murine IMs in sufficient quantities by coculturing them with stromal cells and analyzed mRNA expression patterns of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in naïve and M1 polarized IMs after application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon γ. M-RNAs for the second member of the melastatin family of TRP channels, TRPM2, were upregulated in the M1 state and functional channels were identified by their characteristic currents induced by ADP-ribose, its specific activator. Most interestingly, cytokine production and secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in M1 polarized but TRPM2-deficient IMs was significantly enhanced compared to WT cells. Activation of TRPM2 channels by ADP-ribose (ADPR) released from mitochondria by ROS-produced H2O2 significantly increases plasma membrane depolarization, which inhibits production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidases and reduces cytokine production and secretion in a negative feedback loop. Therefore, TRPM2 channels are essential for the regulation of cytokine production in M1-polarized murine IMs. Specific activation of these channels may promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype and prevent a harmful cytokine storm often observed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini Rajan
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexey Shalygin
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Parrish RL, Buchman AS, Tasaki S, Wang Y, Avey D, Xu J, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Epstein MP, Yang J. SR-TWAS: Leveraging Multiple Reference Panels to Improve TWAS Power by Ensemble Machine Learning. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.06.20.23291605. [PMID: 37425698 PMCID: PMC10327185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.23291605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reference panels of a given tissue or multiple tissues often exist, and multiple regression methods could be used for training gene expression imputation models for TWAS. To leverage expression imputation models (i.e., base models) trained with multiple reference panels, regression methods, and tissues, we develop a Stacked Regression based TWAS (SR-TWAS) tool which can obtain optimal linear combinations of base models for a given validation transcriptomic dataset. Both simulation and real studies showed that SR-TWAS improved power, due to increased effective training sample sizes and borrowed strength across multiple regression methods and tissues. Leveraging base models across multiple reference panels, tissues, and regression methods, our real application studies identified 6 independent significant risk genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia for supplementary motor area tissue and 9 independent significant risk genes for Parkinson's disease (PD) for substantia nigra tissue. Relevant biological interpretations were found for these significant risk genes.
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Yun X, Zhou Y, Wu D, Liu Y, Wu Q. A real‑world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for daratumumab. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:581-591. [PMID: 38600747 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2328321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daratumumab, a first-in-class humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that targets the CD38 epitope, has been approved for treatment of multiple myeloma by FDA. The current study was to evaluate daratumumab-related adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were employed to quantify the signals of daratumumab-associated AEs. RESULTS Out of 10,378,816 reports collected from the FAERS database, 8727 reports of daratumumab-associated AEs were identified. A total of 183 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) were retained. Unexpected significant AEs such as meningitis aseptic, leukoencephalopathy, tumor lysis syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperviscosity syndrome, sudden hearing loss, ileus and diverticular perforation were also detected. The median onset time of daratumumab-related AEs was 11 days (interquartile range [IQR] 0-76 days), and most of the cases occurred within 30 days. CONCLUSION Our study found potential new and unexpected AEs signals for daratumumab, suggesting prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these results and illustrate their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiongshi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Pang Y, Hu H, Xu K, Cao T, Wang Z, Nie J, Zheng H, Luo H, Wang F, Xiong C, Deng KY, Xin HB, Zhang X. CD38 Deficiency Protects Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells Through Activating the NAD+/Sirt1 Pathway in Ischemia-Reperfusion and Optic Nerve Crush Models. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:36. [PMID: 38776115 PMCID: PMC11127494 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of CD38 deletion on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and an optic nerve crush (ONC) model, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Retinal I/R and ONC models were constructed in mice. PCR was used to identify the deletion of CD38 gene in mice, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate the changes in retinal morphology, and electroretinogram (ERG) was used to evaluate the changes in retinal function. The survival of RGCs and activation of retinal macroglia were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of Sirt1, CD38, Ac-p65, Ac-p53, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Caspase3 proteins in the retina was further evaluated by protein imprinting. Results In retinal I/R and ONC models, CD38 deficiency reduced the loss of RGCs and activation of macroglia and protected the retinal function. CD38 deficiency increased the concentration of NAD+, reduced the degree of acetylation of NF-κB p65 and p53, and reduced expression of the downstream inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and apoptotic protein Caspase3 in the retina in the ONC model. Intraperitoneal injection of the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 partially counteracted the effects of CD38 deficiency, suggesting that CD38 deficiency acts at least in part through the NAD+/Sirt1 pathway. Conclusions CD38 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal I/R and ONC injury. CD38 deletion protects RGCs by attenuating inflammatory responses and apoptosis through the NAD+/Sirt1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiruo Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahe Nie
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haina Zheng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongdou Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Chan Xiong
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, China
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Ahmed M, Riaz U, Lv H, Yang L. A Molecular Perspective and Role of NAD + in Ovarian Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4680. [PMID: 38731898 PMCID: PMC11083308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in female fecundity is linked to advancing chronological age. The ovarian reserve diminishes in quantity and quality as women age, impacting reproductive efficiency and the aging process in the rest of the body. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme in cellular energy production, metabolism, cell signaling, and survival. It is involved in aging and is linked to various age-related conditions. Hallmarks associated with aging, diseases, and metabolic dysfunctions can significantly affect fertility by disturbing the delicate relationship between energy metabolism and female reproduction. Enzymes such as sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38 play essential roles in NAD+ biology, which actively consume NAD+ in their enzymatic activities. In recent years, NAD+ has gained much attention for its role in aging and age-related diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting its involvement in various pathophysiological processes. However, its impact on female reproduction is not well understood. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively exploring the complex interplay between NAD+ biology and female reproductive aging and providing valuable information that could help develop plans to improve women's reproductive health and prevent fertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ahmed
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Umair Riaz
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Park JW, Park SE, Koh W, Jang WH, Choi JH, Roh E, Kang GM, Kim SJ, Lim HS, Park CB, Jeong SY, Moon SY, Lee CH, Kim SY, Choi HJ, Min SH, Lee CJ, Kim MS. Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD + salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2102. [PMID: 38453901 PMCID: PMC10920699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ serves as a crucial coenzyme in numerous essential biological reactions, and its cellular availability relies on the activity of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-catalyzed salvage pathway. Here we show that treatment with saturated fatty acids activates the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of this pathway mitigates hypothalamic inflammation and attenuates the development of obesity in male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, CD38 functions downstream of the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes burdened with excess fat. The activation of the astrocytic NAMPT-NAD+-CD38 axis in response to fat overload induces proinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus. It also leads to aberrantly activated basal Ca2+ signals and compromised Ca2+ responses to metabolic hormones such as insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide 1, ultimately resulting in dysfunctional hypothalamic astrocytes. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of the hypothalamic astrocytic NAD+ salvage pathway, along with its downstream CD38, to HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 05030, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14068, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chae Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Xu Q, Jiang S, Kang R, Wang Y, Zhang B, Tian J. Deciphering the molecular pathways underlying dopaminergic neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108200. [PMID: 38428099 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to significant global morbidity and mortality, with potential neurological consequences, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS To address this critical question, we conducted an in-depth transcriptome analysis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in both COVID-19 and PD patients. We identified common pathways and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), performed enrichment analysis, constructed protein‒protein interaction networks and gene regulatory networks, and employed machine learning methods to develop disease diagnosis and progression prediction models. To further substantiate our findings, we performed validation of hub genes using a single-cell sequencing dataset encompassing DA neurons from PD patients, as well as transcriptome sequencing of DA neurons from a mouse model of MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced PD. Furthermore, a drug-protein interaction network was also created. RESULTS We gained detailed insights into biological functions and signaling pathways, including ion transport and synaptic signaling pathways. CD38 was identified as a potential key biomarker. Disease diagnosis and progression prediction models were specifically tailored for PD. Molecular docking simulations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to predict potential therapeutic drugs, revealing that genistein holds significant promise for exerting dual therapeutic effects on both PD and COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides innovative strategies for advancing PD-related research and treatment in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by elucidating the common pathogenesis between COVID-19 and PD in DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Ren Y, Xu F, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang T, Zhong H, Wang X, Yao Y. Identification of hub genes significantly linked to temporal lobe epilepsy and apoptosis via bioinformatics analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1300348. [PMID: 38384278 PMCID: PMC10879302 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy stands as an intricate disorder of the central nervous system, subject to the influence of diverse risk factors and a significant genetic predisposition. Within the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the apoptosis of neurons and glial cells in the brain assumes pivotal importance. The identification of differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs) emerges as a critical imperative, providing essential guidance for informed treatment decisions. Methods We obtained datasets related to epilepsy, specifically GSE168375 and GSE186334. Utilizing differential expression analysis, we identified a set of 249 genes exhibiting significant variations. Subsequently, through an intersection with apoptosis-related genes, we pinpointed 16 genes designated as differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs). These DEARGs underwent a comprehensive array of analyses, including enrichment analyses, biomarker selection, disease classification modeling, immune infiltration analysis, prediction of miRNA and transcription factors, and molecular docking analysis. Results In the epilepsy datasets examined, we successfully identified 16 differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs). Subsequent validation in the external dataset GSE140393 revealed the diagnostic potential of five biomarkers (CD38, FAIM2, IL1B, PAWR, S100A8) with remarkable accuracy, exhibiting an impressive area under curve (AUC) (The overall AUC of the model constructed by the five key genes was 0.916, and the validation set was 0.722). Furthermore, a statistically significant variance (p < 0.05) was observed in T cell CD4 naive and eosinophil cells across different diagnostic groups. Exploring interaction networks uncovered intricate connections, including gene-miRNA interactions (164 interactions involving 148 miRNAs), gene-transcription factor (TF) interactions (22 interactions with 20 TFs), and gene-drug small molecule interactions (15 interactions involving 15 drugs). Notably, IL1B and S100A8 demonstrated interactions with specific drugs. Conclusion In the realm of TLE, we have successfully pinpointed noteworthy differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs), including CD38, FAIM2, IL1B, PAWR, and S100A8. A comprehensive understanding of the implications associated with these identified genes not only opens avenues for advancing our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiology but also bears considerable potential in guiding the development of innovative diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic interventions for the effective management of epilepsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghao Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fengpeng Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Xia Y, Ye X, Chen W, You C, Deng C, Zhou Y. Evaluation of diagnostic potential of CD38 in rickets. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 73:101950. [PMID: 38237701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rickets occurs in infants and children (aged 2 months to 3 years), compromising their skeletal development and damaging nervous, hematopoietic, immune, and other system functions. This study aimed to explore the significance of CD38 in rickets. METHODS The microarray dataset GSE22523 was analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes in rickets patients. A total of 36 rickets patients and healthy controls were recruited for the study, and their blood samples were collected, followed by detecting mRNA levels of CD38 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the significance of CD38 in rickets patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, while the correlation between CD38 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD)/parathyroid hormone (PTH) was analyzed with Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Results showed that CD38 mRNA levels and PTH contents were significantly increased in the rickets patients while 25OHD contents were decreased. Correlation analysis indicated that CD38 was positively correlated with PTH and negatively correlated with 25OHD in both serum and plasma samples of rickets patients. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that serum CD38 was 0.9005 (95 % CI: 0.8313-0.9696), and the AUCs of plasma CD38 was 0.7215 (95 % CI: 0.6031-0.8398) in differentiating rickets patients from healthy persons, advocating serum CD38 had better diagnostic value. CONCLUSION CD38 mRNA levels were upregulated in rickets patients and closely correlated with PTH and 25OHD contents, indicating CD38 might be a diagnostic marker of rickets patients. Further research on the diagnostic utility of CD38 is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of ricketsin rickets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedic, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China.
| | - Xiaoshuo Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Orthopedic, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopedic, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
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Zeng L, Ying Q, Lou H, Wang F, Pang Y, Hu H, Zhang Z, Song Y, Liu P, Zhang X. Protective effect of the natural flavonoid naringenin in mouse models of retinal injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176231. [PMID: 38052414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an eye disease with a high rate of blindness and a complex pathogenesis. Ocular hypertension (OHT) is a critical risk factor, and retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an important pathophysiological basis. This study was designed to investigate the retinal neuroprotective effect of oral naringenin in an acute retinal I/R model and a chronic OHT model and the possible mechanism involved. After the I/R and OHT models were established, mice were given vehicle or naringenin (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunostaining of RBPMS and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used to evaluate retinal injury. GFAP, CD38, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression levels were measured by Western blotting. In the OHT model, intraocular pressure (IOP) was dynamically maintained at approximately 20-25 mmHg after injury. The retinal structure was damaged, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were lost in both models. Naringenin ameliorated the abovementioned indications but also demonstrated that high concentrations of naringenin significantly inhibited retinal astrocyte activation and inhibited damage-induced increases in the expression of GFAP, NLRP3, and CD38 proteins, while SIRT1 protein expression was upregulated. This study showed for the first time that naringenin can reduce microbead-induced IOP elevation in the OHT model, providing new evidence for the application of naringenin in glaucoma. Naringenin may mediate the CD38/SIRT1 signaling pathway, inhibit astrocyte activation, and ultimately exert an anti-inflammatory effect to achieve retinal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Ying
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongdou Lou
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haijian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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陈 姿, 王 洪, 王 秋. [Therapeutic potential of NADH: in neurodegenerative diseases characterizde by mitochondrial dysfunction]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 38:57-62. [PMID: 38297850 PMCID: PMC11116151 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) in its reduced form of is a key coenzyme in redox reactions, essential for maintaining energy homeostasis.NADH and its oxidized counterpart, NAD+, form a redox couple that regulates various biological processes, including calcium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, anti-apoptosis, and gene expression. The reduction of NAD+/NADH levels is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a pivotal role in the cascade of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.Auditory neuropathy(AN) is recognized as a clinical biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in patients with mutations in genes like OPA1and AIFM1. However, effective treatments for these conditions are still lacking. Increasing evidence suggests that administratering NAD+ or its precursors endogenously may potentially prevent and slow disease progression by enhancing DNA repair and improving mitochondrial function. Therefore, this review concentrates on the metabolic pathways of NAD+/NADH production and their biological functions, and delves into the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of NADH in treating AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- 姿伊 陈
- 解放军总医院第六医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学部耳鼻咽喉内科耳鼻咽喉研究所国家耳鼻咽喉疾病临床医学研究中心(北京,100048)Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Institute of Otolaryngology, Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - 洪阳 王
- 解放军总医院第六医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学部耳鼻咽喉内科耳鼻咽喉研究所国家耳鼻咽喉疾病临床医学研究中心(北京,100048)Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Institute of Otolaryngology, Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - 秋菊 王
- 解放军总医院第六医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学部耳鼻咽喉内科耳鼻咽喉研究所国家耳鼻咽喉疾病临床医学研究中心(北京,100048)Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Institute of Otolaryngology, Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100048, China
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Shi B, Amin A, Dalvi P, Wang W, Lukacs N, Kai L, Cheresh P, Peclat TR, Chini CC, Chini EN, van Schooten W, Varga J. Heavy-chain antibody targeting of CD38 NAD + hydrolase ectoenzyme to prevent fibrosis in multiple organs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22085. [PMID: 38086958 PMCID: PMC10716202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionally pleiotropic ectoenzyme CD38 is a glycohydrolase widely expressed on immune and non-hematopoietic cells. By converting NAD+ to ADP-ribose and nicotinamide, CD38 governs organismal NAD+ homeostasis and the activity of NAD+-dependent cellular enzymes. CD38 has emerged as a major driver of age-related NAD+ decline underlying adverse metabolic states, frailty and reduced health span. CD38 is upregulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic disease characterized by fibrosis in multiple organs. We sought to test the hypothesis that inhibition of the CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity using a heavy-chain monoclonal antibody Ab68 will, via augmenting organismal NAD+, prevent fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc characterized by NAD+ depletion. Here we show that treatment of mice with a non-cytotoxic heavy-chain antibody that selectively inhibits CD38 ectoenzyme resulted in NAD+ boosting that was associated with significant protection from fibrosis in multiple organs. These findings suggest that targeted inhibition of CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity could be a potential pharmacological approach for SSc fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Asif Amin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Wenxia Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Kai
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Thais R Peclat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claudia C Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - John Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
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22
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Majeed J, Sabbagh MN, Kang MH, Lawrence JJ, Pruitt K, Bacus S, Reyna E, Brown M, Decourt B. Cancer drugs with high repositioning potential for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:311-332. [PMID: 38100555 PMCID: PMC10877737 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2296079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the recent full FDA approval of lecanemab, there is currently no disease modifying therapy (DMT) that can efficiently slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the general population. This statement emphasizes the need to identify novel DMTs in the shortest time possible to prevent a global epidemic of AD cases as the world population experiences an increase in lifespan. AREAS COVERED Here, we review several classes of anti-cancer drugs that have been or are being investigated in Phase II/III clinical trials for AD, including immunomodulatory drugs, RXR agonists, sex hormone therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. EXPERT OPINION Given the overall course of brain pathologies during the progression of AD, we express a great enthusiasm for the repositioning of anti-cancer drugs as possible AD DMTs. We anticipate an increasing number of combinatorial therapy strategies to tackle AD symptoms and their underlying pathologies. However, we strongly encourage improvements in clinical trial study designs to better assess target engagement and possible efficacy over sufficient periods of drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Majeed
- University of Arizona Honors College, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Alzheimer’s and Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Min H. Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ellie Reyna
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maddy Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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23
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Berven H, Kverneng S, Sheard E, Søgnen M, Af Geijerstam SA, Haugarvoll K, Skeie GO, Dölle C, Tzoulis C. NR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7793. [PMID: 38016950 PMCID: PMC10684646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) replenishment therapy using nicotinamide riboside (NR) shows promise for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the optimal dose of NR remains unknown, and doses exceeding 2000 mg daily have not been tested in humans. To evaluate the safety of high-dose NR therapy, we conducted a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase I trial on 20 individuals with PD, randomized 1:1 on NR 1500 mg twice daily (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) for four weeks. The trial was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. The primary outcome was safety, defined as the frequency of moderate and severe adverse events. Secondary outcomes were tolerability defined as frequency of mild adverse events, change in the whole blood and urine NAD metabolome, and change in the clinical severity of PD, measured by MDS-UPDRS. All 20 participants completed the trial. The trial met all prespecified outcomes. NR therapy was well tolerated with no moderate or severe adverse events, and no significant difference in mild adverse events. NR therapy was associated with clinical improvement of total MDS-UPDRS scores. However, this change was also associated with a shorter interval since the last levodopa dose. NR greatly augmented the blood NAD metabolome with up to 5-fold increase in blood NAD+ levels. While NR-recipients exhibited a slight initial rise in serum homocysteine levels, the integrity of the methyl donor pool remained intact. Our results support extending the dose range of NR in phase II clinical trials to 3000 mg per day, with appropriate safety monitoring. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05344404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon Berven
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's disease, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Kverneng
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's disease, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erika Sheard
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mona Søgnen
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kristoffer Haugarvoll
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir-Olve Skeie
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Dölle
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's disease, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's disease, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
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24
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Camacho-Pereira J, Lai de Souza LO, Chichierchio MS, Rodrigues-Chaves C, Lomba LDS, Fonseca-Oliveira M, Carvalho-Mendonça D, Silva-Rodrigues T, Galina A. The NADase CD38 may not dictate NAD levels in brain mitochondria of aged mice but regulates hydrogen peroxide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:29-39. [PMID: 37774804 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a time-related functional decline that affects many species. One of the hallmarks of aging is mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to metabolic decline. The NAD decline during aging, in several tissues, correlates with increase in NADase activity of CD38. Knock out or pharmacological inhibition of CD38 activity can rescue mitochondrial function in several tissues, however, the role of CD38 in controlling NAD levels and metabolic function in the aging brain is unknown. In this work, we investigated CD38 NADase activity controlling NAD levels and mitochondrial function in mice brain with aging. We demonstrate that NADase activity of CD38 does not dictate NAD total levels in brain of aging mice and does not control mitochondrial oxygen consumption nor other oxygen parameters markers of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, for the first time we show that CD38 regulates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging brain, through regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, as mitochondria H2O2 leakage sites. The effect may be related to mitochondrial calcium handling differences in CD38 absence. Our study highlights a novel role of CD38 in brain energy metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Osbourne Lai de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Marina Santos Chichierchio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Camila Rodrigues-Chaves
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Luiza de Sousa Lomba
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Manoel Fonseca-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Carvalho-Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Thaia Silva-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
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25
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Zhou Y, Qian C, Tang Y, Song M, Zhang T, Dong G, Zheng W, Yang C, Zhong C, Wang A, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Advance in the pharmacological effects of quercetin in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4999-5016. [PMID: 37491826 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant activity of quercetin has been extensively reported, in particular, its impacts on glutathione, enzyme activity, signaling transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin has also been demonstrated to exert a striking antiinflammatory effect mainly by inhibiting the production of cytokines, reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and preserving the integrity of mast cells. By regulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are regarded as two critical processes involved in the defense and regular physiological operation of biological systems, quercetin has been validated to be effective in treating a variety of disorders. Symptoms of these reactions have been linked to degenerative processes and metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegeneration, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite that evidence demonstrates that antioxidants are employed to prevent excessive oxidative and inflammatory processes, there are still concerns regarding the expense, accessibility, and side effects of agents. Notably, natural products, especially those derived from plants, are widely accessible, affordable, and generally safe. In this review, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory abilities of the active ingredient quercetin and its application in oxidative stress-related disorders have been outlined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongjin Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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26
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Gu XJ, Su WM, Dou M, Jiang Z, Duan QQ, Yin KF, Cao B, Wang Y, Li GB, Chen YP. Expanding causal genes for Parkinson's disease via multi-omics analysis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:146. [PMID: 37865667 PMCID: PMC10590374 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome‑wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed numerous loci associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, some potential causal/risk genes were still not revealed and no etiological therapies are available. To find potential causal genes and explore genetically supported drug targets for PD is urgent. By integrating the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) datasets from multiple tissues (blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain) and PD GWAS summary statistics, a pipeline combing Mendelian randomization (MR), Steiger filtering analysis, Bayesian colocalization, fine mapping, Protein-protein network and enrichment analysis were applied to identify potential causal genes for PD. As a result, GPNMB displayed a robust causal role for PD at the protein level in the blood, CSF and brain, and transcriptional level in the brain, while the protective role of CD38 (in brain pQTL and eQTL) was also identified. We also found inconsistent roles of DGKQ on PD between protein and mRNA levels. Another 9 proteins (CTSB, ARSA, SEC23IP, CD84, ENTPD1, FCGR2B, BAG3, SNCA, FCGR2A) were associated with the risk for PD based on only a single pQTL after multiple corrections. We also identified some proteins' interactions with known PD causative genes and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this study suggested GPNMB, CD38, and DGKQ may act in the pathogenesis of PD, but whether the other proteins involved in PD needs more evidence. These findings would help to uncover the genes underlying PD and prioritize targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Gu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Ming Su
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Dou
- Chengdu Institute of Computer Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Duan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang-Fu Yin
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Cummings JL, Osse AML, Kinney JW. Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Targets and Investigational Drugs for Disease Modification. Drugs 2023; 83:1387-1408. [PMID: 37728864 PMCID: PMC10582128 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel agents addressing non-amyloid, non-tau targets in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) comprise 70% of the AD drug development pipeline of agents currently in clinical trials. Most of the target processes identified in the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) are represented by novel agents in trials. Inflammation and synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection are the CADRO categories with the largest number of novel candidate therapies. Within these categories, there are few overlapping targets among the test agents. Additional categories being evaluated include apolipoprotein E [Formula: see text] 4 (APOE4) effects, lipids and lipoprotein receptors, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, bioenergetics and metabolism, vascular factors, cell death, growth factors and hormones, circadian rhythm, and epigenetic regulators. We highlight current drugs being tested within these categories and their mechanisms. Trials will be informative regarding which targets can be modulated to produce a slowing of clinical decline. Possible therapeutic combinations of agents may be suggested by trial outcomes. Biomarkers are evolving in concert with new targets and novel agents, and biomarker outcomes offer a means of supporting disease modification by the putative treatment. Identification of novel targets and development of corresponding therapeutics offer an important means of advancing new treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- , 1380 Opal Valley Street, Henderson, Nevada, 89052, USA.
| | - Amanda M Leisgang Osse
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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28
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Neves D, Salazar IL, Almeida RD, Silva RM. Molecular mechanisms of ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity. Life Sci 2023; 328:121814. [PMID: 37236602 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is classically defined as the neuronal damage caused by the excessive release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of excitatory plasma membrane receptors. In the mammalian brain, this phenomenon is mainly driven by excessive activation of glutamate receptors (GRs). Excitotoxicity is common to several chronic disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and is considered the primary mechanism of neuronal loss of function and cell death in acute CNS diseases (e.g. ischemic stroke). Multiple mechanisms and pathways lead to excitotoxic cell damage including pro-death signaling cascade events downstream of glutamate receptors, calcium (Ca2+) overload, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, excessive glutamate in the synaptic cleft as well as altered energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that underlie excitotoxicity, emphasizing the role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. We also discuss novel and promising therapeutic strategies to treat excitotoxicity, highlighting recent clinical trials. Finally, we will shed light on the ongoing search for stroke biomarkers, an exciting and promising field of research, which may improve stroke diagnosis, prognosis and allow better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Neves
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, MIA - Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel M Silva
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Viseu, Portugal.
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29
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Melrose J. Hyaluronan hydrates and compartmentalises the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix and provides niche environments conducive to the optimisation of neuronal activity. J Neurochem 2023; 166:637-653. [PMID: 37492973 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) extracellular matrix is a dynamic and highly interactive space-filling, cell-supportive, matrix-stabilising, hydrating entity that creates and maintains tissue compartments to facilitate regional ionic micro-environments and micro-gradients that promote optimal neural cellular activity. The CNS/PNS does not contain large supportive collagenous and elastic fibrillar networks but is dominated by a high glycosaminoglycan content, predominantly hyaluronan (HA) and collagen is restricted to the brain microvasculature, blood-brain barrier, neuromuscular junction and meninges dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycans (lecticans) interactive with HA have stabilising roles in perineuronal nets and contribute to neural plasticity, memory and cognitive processes. Hyaluronan also interacts with sialoproteoglycan associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN) to stabilise the interphotoreceptor matrix and has protective properties that ensure photoreceptor viability and function is maintained. HA also regulates myelination/re-myelination in neural networks. HA fragmentation has been observed in white matter injury, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. HA fragments (2 × 105 Da) regulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation, myelination/remyelination, and interact with TLR4 to initiate signalling cascades that mediate myelin basic protein transcription. HA and its fragments have regulatory roles over myelination which ensure high axonal neurotransduction rates are maintained in neural networks. Glioma is a particularly invasive brain tumour with extremely high mortality rates. HA, CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for HA-mediated motility) HA receptors are highly expressed in this tumour. Conventional anti-glioma drug treatments have been largely ineffective and surgical removal is normally not an option. CD44 and RHAMM glioma HA receptors can potentially be used to target gliomas with PEP-1, a cell-penetrating HA-binding peptide. PEP-1 can be conjugated to a therapeutic drug; such drug conjugates have successfully treated dense non-operative tumours in other tissues, therefore similar applications warrant exploration as potential anti-glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Melchiorri D, Merlo S, Micallef B, Borg JJ, Dráfi F. Alzheimer's disease and neuroinflammation: will new drugs in clinical trials pave the way to a multi-target therapy? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196413. [PMID: 37332353 PMCID: PMC10272781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, no disease-modifying therapeutic option, able to prevent, cure or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease [AD], is currently available. AD, a devastating neurodegenerative pathology leading to dementia and death, is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of altered hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both have been widely studied and pharmacologically targeted for many years, without significant therapeutic results. In 2022, positive data on two monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ, donanemab and lecanemab, followed by the 2023 FDA accelerated approval of lecanemab and the publication of the final results of the phase III Clarity AD study, have strengthened the hypothesis of a causal role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the magnitude of the clinical effect elicited by the two drugs is limited, suggesting that additional pathological mechanisms may contribute to the disease. Cumulative studies have shown inflammation as one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of AD, leading to the recognition of a specific role of neuroinflammation synergic with the Aβ and NFTs cascades. The present review provides an overview of the investigational drugs targeting neuroinflammation that are currently in clinical trials. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, their positioning in the pathological cascade of events that occur in the brain throughout AD disease and their potential benefit/limitation in the therapeutic strategy in AD are discussed and highlighted as well. In addition, the latest patent requests for inflammation-targeting therapeutics to be developed in AD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - John-Joseph Borg
- Malta Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- State Institute for Drug Control, Bratislava, Slovakia
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32
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Mohamed W, Kumar J, Alghamdi BS, Soliman AH, Toshihide Y. Neurodegeneration and inflammation crosstalk: Therapeutic targets and perspectives. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:95-110. [PMID: 37388502 PMCID: PMC10300452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia, which was formerly considered to exist just to connect neurons, now plays a key function in a wide range of physiological events, including formation of memory, learning, neuroplasticity, synaptic plasticity, energy consumption, and homeostasis of ions. Glial cells regulate the brain's immune responses and confers nutritional and structural aid to neurons, making them an important player in a broad range of neurological disorders. Alzheimer's, ALS, Parkinson's, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and epilepsy are a few of the neurodegenerative diseases that have been linked to microglia and astroglia cells, in particular. Synapse growth is aided by glial cell activity, and this activity has an effect on neuronal signalling. Each glial malfunction in diverse neurodegenerative diseases is distinct, and we will discuss its significance in the progression of the illness, as well as its potential for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Liu S, Zhou H, Xu W, Jin T, Liang X, Zhao X, Dai Y, Jin F. Early leukoencephalopathy during daratumumab treatment in a patient with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:967-969. [PMID: 36752844 PMCID: PMC9907188 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Hematology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Radiology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weiling Xu
- Radiology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Neurology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Hematology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Hematology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China.
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Hematology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
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34
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Yuan XL, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Hald ES, Ng TK. Green tea extract enhances retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats with optic nerve injury. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109333. [PMID: 36965783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical treatments have not yet effectively cured progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal degeneration after optic nerve (ON) injury. We previously demonstrated green tea extract (GTE) can reduce RGC death in rats after ischemic injury. Here, we aim to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. GTE (275 or 550 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically for 7 d before or 14 d post-ON crush surgery in adult Fischer 344 rats. Rats with pre- or post-operative treatment of 275 mg/kg GTE showed significantly higher numbers of RGCs and regenerated axons post-ON injury with improved pupillary light reflex as compared to saline-treated rats. Akt and Erk p42/44 activation was higher in the retina of rats given 275 mg/kg GTE pre-surgery, whereas Stat3 activation was higher in those with 275 mg/kg GTE post-operation. Less activated microglia were observed in rats with pre-treatment of 275 or 550 mg/kg GTE. RNA sequencing analysis identified the downregulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and microglia activation genes in the retina of rats with pre- or post-treatment with 275 mg/kg GTE as compared to the saline-treated rats. In summary, this study revealed the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment effects of GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury, indicating a potential alternative treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eric S Hald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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35
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Schädlich IS, Winzer R, Stabernack J, Tolosa E, Magnus T, Rissiek B. The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3. [PMID: 36917241 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 shape and balance the inflammatory environment by stepwise degrading extracellular ATP to adenosine which itself has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling properties. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mainly mediated through A1 receptors and inhibition of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, while the anti-inflammatory capacities of adenosine have been primarily attributed to A2A receptor activation on infiltrating immune cells in the subacute phase after stroke. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke, discuss contradictory results, and point out potential pitfalls towards translating therapeutic approaches from rodent stroke models to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sophie Schädlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joschi Stabernack
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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de Klein N, Tsai EA, Vochteloo M, Baird D, Huang Y, Chen CY, van Dam S, Oelen R, Deelen P, Bakker OB, El Garwany O, Ouyang Z, Marshall EE, Zavodszky MI, van Rheenen W, Bakker MK, Veldink J, Gaunt TR, Runz H, Franke L, Westra HJ. Brain expression quantitative trait locus and network analyses reveal downstream effects and putative drivers for brain-related diseases. Nat Genet 2023; 55:377-388. [PMID: 36823318 PMCID: PMC10011140 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Identification of therapeutic targets from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) requires insights into downstream functional consequences. We harmonized 8,613 RNA-sequencing samples from 14 brain datasets to create the MetaBrain resource and performed cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) meta-analyses in multiple brain region- and ancestry-specific datasets (n ≤ 2,759). Many of the 16,169 cortex cis-eQTLs were tissue-dependent when compared with blood cis-eQTLs. We inferred brain cell types for 3,549 cis-eQTLs by interaction analysis. We prioritized 186 cis-eQTLs for 31 brain-related traits using Mendelian randomization and co-localization including 40 cis-eQTLs with an inferred cell type, such as a neuron-specific cis-eQTL (CYP24A1) for multiple sclerosis. We further describe 737 trans-eQTLs for 526 unique variants and 108 unique genes. We used brain-specific gene-co-regulation networks to link GWAS loci and prioritize additional genes for five central nervous system diseases. This study represents a valuable resource for post-GWAS research on central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ellen A Tsai
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martijn Vochteloo
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Life Science and Technology, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Baird
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sipko van Dam
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Ancora Health, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Oelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Omar El Garwany
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Eric E Marshall
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria I Zavodszky
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark K Bakker
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heiko Runz
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Batiha GES, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E. SIRT1 pathway in Parkinson's disease: a faraway snapshot but so close. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:37-56. [PMID: 36580159 PMCID: PMC9957916 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator (SIRT) has distinctive enzymatic activities and physiological functions to control cell-cycle progression, gene expression, and DNA stability by targeting histone and non-histone proteins. SIRT1 enhances synaptic formation and synaptic activity, and therefore, can reduce the progression of various degenerative brain diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). SIRT1 activity is decreased by aging with a subsequent increased risk for the development of degenerative brain diseases. Inhibition of SIRT1 promotes inflammatory reactions since SIRT1 inhibits transcription of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which also inhibits SIRT1 activation via activation of microRNA and miR-34a which reduce NAD synthesis. SIRT1 is highly expressed in microglia as well as neurons, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this review aimed to find the possible role of SIRT1 in PD neuropathology. SIRT1 has neuroprotective effects; therefore, downregulation of SIRT1 during aging promotes p53 expression and may increase the vulnerability of neuronal cell deaths. PD neuropathology is linked with the sequence of inflammatory changes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines due to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, oxidative stress, inflammatory disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis contribute mutually to PD neuropathology. Thus, SIRT1 and SIRT1 activators play a crucial role in the mitigation of PD neuropathology through the amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammatory disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
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38
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Andronie-Cioara FL, Ardelean AI, Nistor-Cseppento CD, Jurcau A, Jurcau MC, Pascalau N, Marcu F. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031869. [PMID: 36768235 PMCID: PMC9915182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, the evidence thereof and the mechanisms leading to chronic neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, neuroinflammation is significantly enhanced by the accumulation of amyloid beta and accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various pathways discussed in the present review. Decades of clinical trials targeting the 2 abnormal proteins in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta and tau, led to many failures. As such, targeting neuroinflammation via different strategies could prove a valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research is still needed to identify the appropriate time window. Active research focusing on identifying early biomarkers could help translating these novel strategies from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Delia Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Nicoleta Pascalau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Zhou H, Liu S, Zhang N, Fang K, Zong J, An Y, Chang X. Downregulation of Sirt6 by CD38 promotes cell senescence and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9730-9757. [PMID: 36490326 PMCID: PMC9792202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels accompany aging. CD38 is the main cellular NADase. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a natural inhibitor of CD38, is a well-known drug that extends the human lifespan. We investigated mechanisms of CD38 in cell senescence and C3G in antiaging. Myocardial H9c2 cells were induced to senescence with D-gal. CD38 siRNA, C3G and UBCS039 (a chemical activator of Sirt6) inhibited D-gal-induced senescence by reducing reactive oxygen species, hexokinase 2 and SA-β-galactosidase levels. These activators also stimulated cell proliferation and telomerase reverse transcriptase levels, while OSS-128167 (a chemical inhibitor of Sirt6) and Sirt6 siRNA exacerbated the senescent process. H9c2 cells that underwent D-gal-induced cell senescence increased CD38 expression and decreased Sirt6 expression; CD38 siRNA and C3G decreased CD38 expression and increased Sirt6 expression, respectively; and Sirt6 siRNA stimulated cell senescence in the presence of C3G and CD38 siRNA. In D-gal-induced acute aging mice, CD38 and Sirt6 exhibited increased and decreased expression, respectively, in myocardial tissues, and C3G treatment decreased CD38 expression and increased Sirt6 expression in the tissues. C3G also reduced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α levels and restored NAD+ and NK cell levels in the animals. We suggest that CD38 downregulates Sirt6 expression to promote cell senescence and C3G exerts an antiaging effect through CD38-Sirt6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Zhou
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - NanYang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Kehua Fang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jinbao Zong
- Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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40
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Evans AK, Defensor E, Shamloo M. Selective Vulnerability of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System and its Role in Modulation of Neuroinflammation, Cognition, and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030609. [PMID: 36532725 PMCID: PMC9748190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NE) neurons supply the main adrenergic input to the forebrain. NE is a dual modulator of cognition and neuroinflammation. NE neurons of the LC are particularly vulnerable to degeneration both with normal aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Consequences of this vulnerability can be observed in both cognitive impairment and dysregulation of neuroinflammation. LC NE neurons are pacemaker neurons that are active during waking and arousal and are responsive to stressors in the environment. Chronic overactivation is thought to be a major contributor to the vulnerability of these neurons. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms underlying this neuronal vulnerability and combinations of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to confer risk to these important brainstem neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory neurons. Finally, we discuss proposed and potential interventions that may reduce the overall risk for LC NE neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Evans
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Zeng P, Liu YC, Wang XM, Ye CY, Sun YW, Su HF, Qiu SW, Li YN, Wang Y, Wang YC, Ma J, Li M, Tian Q. Targets and mechanisms of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel fruits in treating neurodegenerative dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1013891. [PMID: 36533181 PMCID: PMC9749063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1013891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried and ripe fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla and ripe fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel (AO) have the effects of tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence and thus have been widely used in treating dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical form of neurodegenerative dementia with kidney-essence deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). So far, there is a lack of systematic studies on the biological basis of tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence and the corresponding phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated the targets of AO in tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence based on the key pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative dementia. According to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry data and Lipinski's rule of five, 49 bioactive phytochemicals from AO were identified, and 26 of them were found to target 168 key molecules in the treatment of neurodegenerative dementia. Nine phytochemicals of AO were shown to target acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), and 19 phytochemicals were shown to target butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE). A database of neurodegenerative dementia with kidney-essence deficiency involving 731 genes was constructed. Furthermore, yakuchinone B, 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptan-3-one (5-HYD), oxyhylladiketone, oxyphyllacinol, butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside, dibutyl phthalate, chrysin, yakuchinone A, rhamnetin, and rhamnocitrin were identified as the key phytochemicals from AO that regulate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia in a multitargeted manner. The approach of studying the pharmacological mechanism underlying the effects of medicinal plants and the biological basis of TCM syndrome may be helpful in studying the translation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Fei Su
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mitochondria Transfer in Brain Injury and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223603. [PMID: 36429030 PMCID: PMC9688459 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondria transfer is a novel form of cell signalling in which whole mitochondria are transferred between cells in order to enhance cellular functions or aid in the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent studies have observed intercellular mitochondria transfer between glia and neurons in the brain, and mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a key neuroprotective mechanism in a range of neurological conditions. In particular, artificial mitochondria transfer has sparked widespread interest as a potential therapeutic strategy for brain disorders. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and effects of intercellular mitochondria transfer in the brain. The role of mitochondrial transfer in neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, brain injury, and neurodevelopmental disorders, is discussed as well as therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria transfer in the brain.
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Basova LV, Bortell N, Conti B, Fox HS, Milner R, Marcondes MCG. Age-associated changes in microglia activation and Sirtuin-1- chromatin binding patterns. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8205-8220. [PMID: 36227148 PMCID: PMC9648798 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with changes in mechanisms maintaining physiology, influenced by genetics and lifestyle, and impacting late life quality and longevity. Brain health is critical in healthy aging. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase with silencing properties, is one of the molecular determinants experimentally linked to health and longevity. We compared brain pathogenesis and Sirt1-chromatin binding dynamics in brain pre-frontal cortex from 2 groups of elder rhesus macaques, divided by age of necropsy: shorter-lived animals (18-20 years old (yo)), equivalent to 60-70 human yo; and longer-lived animals (23-29 yo), corresponding to 80-100 human yo and modeling successful aging. These were compared with young adult brains (4-7 yo). Our findings indicated drastic differences in the microglia marker Iba1, along with factors influencing Sirt1 levels and activity, such as CD38 (an enzyme limiting NAD that controls Sirt1 activity) and mir142 (a microRNA targeting Sirt1 transcription) between the elder groups. Iba1 was lower in shorter-lived animals than in the other groups, while CD38 was higher in both aging groups compared to young. mir142 and Sirt1 levels were inversely correlated in longer-lived brains (>23yo), but not in shorter-lived brains (18-20 yo). We also found that Sirt1 binding showed signs of better efficiency in longer-lived animals compared to shorter-lived ones, in genes associated with nuclear activity and senescence. Overall, differences in neuroinflammation and Sirt1 interactions with chromatin distinguished shorter- and longer-lived animals, suggesting the importance of preserving microglia and Sirt1 functional efficiency for longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana V. Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Bruno Conti
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Leng G, Leng RI, Ludwig M. Oxytocin—a social peptide? Deconstructing the evidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210055. [PMID: 35858110 PMCID: PMC9272144 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we analyse the claim that oxytocin is a ‘social neuropeptide’. This claim originated from evidence that oxytocin was instrumental in the initiation of maternal behaviour and it was extended to become the claim that oxytocin has a key role in promoting social interactions between individuals. We begin by considering the structure of the scientific literature on this topic, identifying closely interconnected clusters of papers on particular themes. We then analyse this claim by considering evidence of four types as generated by these clusters: (i) mechanistic studies in animal models, designed to understand the pathways involved in the behavioural effects of centrally administered oxytocin; (ii) evidence from observational studies indicating an association between oxytocin signalling pathways and social behaviour; (iii) evidence from intervention studies, mainly involving intranasal oxytocin administration; and (iv) evidence from translational studies of patients with disorders of social behaviour. We then critically analyse the most highly cited papers in each segment of the evidence; we conclude that, if these represent the best evidence, then the evidence for the claim is weak. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interplays between oxytocin and other neuromodulators in shaping complex social behaviours’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Leng
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Rhodri I. Leng
- Department of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mike Ludwig
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Targeting CD38 in Neoplasms and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174169. [PMID: 36077708 PMCID: PMC9454480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CD38 remains an interesting target for anticancer therapy. Its relatively high abundance in neoplasms and crucial impact on NAD+/cADPR metabolism and the activity of T cells allows for changing the immune response in autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and finally the induction of cell death. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity is responsible for cell death induced by targeting the tumor with anti-CD38 antibodies, such as daratumumab. A wide range of laboratory experiments and clinical trials show an especially promising role of anti-CD38 therapy against multiple myeloma, NK cell lymphomas, and CD19- B-cell malignancies. More studies are required to include more diseases in the therapeutic protocols involving the modulation of CD38 activity. Abstract CD38 is a myeloid antigen present both on the cell membrane and in the intracellular compartment of the cell. Its occurrence is often enhanced in cancer cells, thus making it a potential target in anticancer therapy. Daratumumab and isatuximab already received FDA approval, and novel agents such as MOR202, TAK079 and TNB-738 undergo clinical trials. Also, novel therapeutics such as SAR442085 aim to outrank the older antibodies against CD38. Multiple myeloma and immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis may be effectively treated with anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Its role in other hematological malignancies is also important concerning both diagnostic process and potential treatment in the future. Aside from the hematological malignancies, CD38 remains a potential target in gastrointestinal, neurological and pulmonary system disorders. Due to the strong interaction of CD38 with TCR and CD16 on T cells, it may also serve as the biomarker in transplant rejection in renal transplant patients. Besides, CD38 finds its role outside oncology in systemic lupus erythematosus and collagen-induced arthritis. CD38 plays an important role in viral infections, including AIDS and COVID-19. Most of the undergoing clinical trials focus on the use of anti-CD38 antibodies in the therapy of multiple myeloma, CD19- B-cell malignancies, and NK cell lymphomas. This review focuses on targeting CD38 in cancer and non-cancerous diseases using antibodies, cell-based therapies and CD38 inhibitors. We also provide a summary of current clinical trials targeting CD38.
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Guida F, Iannotta M, Misso G, Ricciardi F, Boccella S, Tirino V, Falco M, Desiderio V, Infantino R, Pieretti G, de Novellis V, Papaccio G, Luongo L, Caraglia M, Maione S. Long-term neuropathic pain behaviors correlate with synaptic plasticity and limbic circuit alteration: a comparative observational study in mice. Pain 2022; 163:1590-1602. [PMID: 34862336 PMCID: PMC9341227 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropathic pain has long-term consequences in affective and cognitive disturbances, suggesting the involvement of supraspinal mechanisms. In this study, we used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model to characterize the development of sensory and aversive components of neuropathic pain and to determine their electrophysiological impact across prefrontal cortex and limbic regions. Moreover, we evaluated the regulation of several genes involved in immune response and inflammation triggered by SNI. We showed that SNI led to sensorial hypersensitivity (cold and mechanical stimuli) and depressive-like behavior lasting 12 months after nerve injury. Of interest, changes in nonemotional cognitive tasks (novel object recognition and Y maze) showed in 1-month SNI mice were not evident normal in the 12-month SNI animals. In vivo electrophysiology revealed an impaired long-term potentiation at prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens core pathway in both the 1-month and 12-month SNI mice. On the other hand, a reduced neural activity was recorded in the lateral entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus pathway in the 1-month SNI mice, but not in the 12-month SNI mice. Finally, we observed the upregulation of specific genes involved in immune response in the hippocampus of 1-month SNI mice, but not in the 12-month SNI mice, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response that may contribute to the SNI phenotype. These data suggest that distinct brain circuits may drive the psychiatric components of neuropathic pain and pave the way for better investigation of the long-term consequences of peripheral nerve injury for which most of the available drugs are to date unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Livio Luongo
- Departments of Experimental Medicine
- IRCSS, Neuromed, Neuropharmacology Division, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Sabatino Maione
- Departments of Experimental Medicine
- IRCSS, Neuromed, Neuropharmacology Division, Pozzilli, Italy
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Innate Immune Cell Death in Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121885. [PMID: 35741014 PMCID: PMC9221514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder molecularly characterized by the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and type 2 microtubule-associated protein (Tau) abnormalities. Multiple studies have shown that many of the brain’s immunological cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes, are involved in AD pathogenesis. Cells of the innate immune system play an essential role in eliminating pathogens but also regulate brain homeostasis and AD. When activated, innate immune cells can cause programmed cell death through multiple pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis. The cell death often results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines that propagate the innate immune response and can eliminate Aβ plaques and aggregated Tau proteins. However, chronic neuroinflammation, which can result from cell death, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and can worsen AD. Therefore, the innate immune response must be tightly balanced to appropriately clear these AD-related structural abnormalities without inducing chronic neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss neuroinflammation, innate immune responses, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion as they relate to AD. Therapeutic strategies targeting these innate immune cell death mechanisms will be critical to consider for future preventive or palliative treatments for AD.
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Hannawi Y, Ewees MG, Moore JT, Zweier JL. Characterizing CD38 Expression and Enzymatic Activity in the Brain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:881708. [PMID: 35712720 PMCID: PMC9194821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that catabolizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is the main source for the age-dependent decrease in NAD+ levels. Increased CD38 enzymatic activity has been implicated in several neurological diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains unknown. We aimed to characterize CD38 expression and enzymatic activity in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), a genetic model for hypertension and human CSVD, in comparison to age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Materials and Methods: Age-matched male 7- and 24-week-old WKY and SHRSP were studied. CD38 enzymatic activity was determined in the brain homogenate. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting (WB) were used to characterize CD38 expression and localize it in the different cell types within the brain. In addition, expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, nicotinamide dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H were measured the brain of in WKY and SHRSP. Results: CD38 expression and enzymatic activity were increased in SHRSP brains compared to age matched WKY starting at 7 weeks of age. CD38 expression was localized to the endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia. We also identified increased CD38 expression using WB with age in SHRSP and WKY. CD38 enzymatic activity was also increased in 24-week SHRSP compared to 7-week SHRSP. In association, we identified evidence of oxidative stress, reduced NO level, reduced NAD(P)H level and endothelial NOS expression in SHRSP compared to age matched WKY. NAD(P)H also decreased with age in WKY and SHRSP. Additionally, activation of astrocytes and microglia were present in SHRSP compared to WKY. Conclusions: CD38 is overexpressed, and its enzymatic activity is increased in SHRSP, a genetic model for marked hypertension and human CSVD. Our results suggest a potential role for CD38 enzymatic activation in the pathogenesis of CSVD and points to the need for future mechanistic and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Hannawi
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed G. Ewees
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jordan T. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Ma Y, Zhu S, Yi M, Zhang W, Xue Y, Liu X, Deng H. Profiling Glutathionylome in CD38-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1240-1250. [PMID: 35420434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates various cellular processes. However, changes in glutathionylome in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process for embryonic development, wound healing, and carcinoma progression and metastasis, have not been fully characterized. Our previous study revealed that CD38 overexpression decreased cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and caused cells to undergo EMT. In the present study, we engineered a cell system in which the glutathione synthetase (GS) mutant was expressed that catalyzed the formation of a glutathione analogue from azido-alanine to profile changes of glutathionylome in CD38-overexpressing cells. We identified 1298 glutathionylated proteins and revealed that proteins with changed glutathionylation levels involved in EMT associated pathways including epithelial adherens junction, actin cytoskeleton, and integrin signaling. Moreover, the glutathionylation level of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was increased in CD38-overexpressing cells. We further demonstrated that glutathionylation of Cys63 residue in 15-PGDH led to decreased enzymatic activity that could promote EMT by increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Taken together, these results indicate that the clickable glutathione is an effective probe for glutathionylome profiling, and glutathionylation of 15-PGDH on Cys63 inhibits its enzymatic activity to promote EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meiqi Yi
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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50
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Martucci LL, Cancela JM. Neurophysiological functions and pharmacological tools of acidic and non-acidic Ca2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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