1
|
Llanos AAM, Rockson A, Getz K, Greenberg P, Portillo E, McDonald JA, Teteh DK, Villasenor J, Lozada C, Franklin J, More V, Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Barrett ES. Assessment of personal care product use and perceptions of use in a sample of US adults affiliated with a university in the Northeast. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116719. [PMID: 37481059 PMCID: PMC10592243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports unequal burdens of chemical exposures from personal care products (PCPs) among some groups, namely femme-identifying and racial and ethnic minorities. In this study, we implemented an online questionnaire to assess PCP purchasing and usage behaviors and perceptions of use among a sample of US adults recruited at a Northeastern university. We collected PCP use across seven product categories (hair, beauty, skincare, perfumes/colognes, feminine hygiene, oral care, other), and behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions of use and safety across sociodemographic factors to evaluate relationships between sociodemographic factors and the total number of products used within the prior 24-48 h using multivariable models. We also summarized participants' perceptions and attitudes. Among 591 adults (20.0% Asian American/Pacific Islander [AAPI], 5.9% Hispanic, 9.6% non-Hispanic Black [NHB], 54.6% non-Hispanic White [NHW], and 9.9% multiracial or other), the average number of PCPs used within the prior 24-48 h was 15.6 ± 7.7. PCP use was greater among females than males (19.0 vs. 7.9, P < 0.01) and varied by race and ethnicity among females. Relative to NHWs, AAPI females used fewer hair products (2.5 vs. 3.1) and more feminine hygiene products (1.5 vs. 1.1), NHB females used more hair products (3.8 vs. 3.1), perfumes (1.0 vs. 0.6), oral care (2.3 vs. 1.9), and feminine hygiene products (1.8 vs. 1.1), and multiracial or other females used more oral care (2.2 vs. 1.9) and feminine hygiene products (1.5 vs. 1.1) (P-values <0.05). Generally, study participants reported moderate concern about exposures and health effects from using PCPs, with few differences by gender, race, and ethnicity. These findings add to the extant literature on PCP use across sociodemographic characteristics. Improving the understanding of patterns of use for specific products and their chemical ingredients is critical for developing interventions to reduce these exposures, especially in vulnerable groups with an unequal burden of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Amber Rockson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kylie Getz
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Eva Portillo
- Biostatistics Epidemiology Summer Training (BEST) Diversity Program, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dede K Teteh
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Justin Villasenor
- Biostatistics Epidemiology Summer Training (BEST) Diversity Program, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Lozada
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jamirra Franklin
- Environmental and Health Sciences Department, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaishnavi More
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norman KG, Loretz L, Kowcz A, Kaufman LE, Ruvolo E, Traudt M, Santos I, RoseMansfield R, Nash JF. Application habits and practices of regular sunscreen users in the United States: Results of an online survey. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114093. [PMID: 37813178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide online survey assessed claimed usage of sunscreen products in 2283 self-identified regular sun protection factor (SPF) consumers (RSPFC) in the United States. Subjects applied sunscreen most frequently when spending more than 3 h in the sun. Sunscreen usage peaks during the summer, with sunny weather prompting 99% usage of beach/recreational SPF products but drops to approximately 50% and 30% on partly cloudy and cloudy days, respectively, regardless of SPF product category. About half of RSPFC augment sunscreen product usage by limiting time in the sun and wearing a hat. SPF products are not reapplied by approximately 20-60% of RSPFC, depending upon product category, and reapplication was less than 33% on cloudy and partly cloudy days. Primary reasons for reapplication were water exposure, number of hours in the sun, and being active/sweating, most notably for beach/recreational SPF products. Importantly, in children, 45% of parents reported "redness" as a signal for reapplying sunscreen product. Only 10% of respondents correctly identified sunscreen products as drugs. Based on these results, while sunscreens may share common ingredients and efficacy measures, their usage by consumers varies widely depending on product type, season, weather, gender, age, and geographical location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Norman
- Personal Care Products Council, 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
| | - Linda Loretz
- Personal Care Products Council, 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Alexandra Kowcz
- Personal Care Products Council, 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Lewis E Kaufman
- Scripterra Scientific LLC, 123 Park Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Eduardo Ruvolo
- Beiersdorf, Inc., 301 Tresser Blvd, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - Michael Traudt
- Revlon, Inc., 2121 State Route 27, Edison, NJ, 008817, USA
| | - Idalina Santos
- L'Oréal USA, Inc., 30 Terminal Ave, Clark, NJ, 07066, USA
| | | | - J Frank Nash
- Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carrao AM, Schmitt CN, Dyer SD. Repurposing consumer sunscreen habits and practices survey data to guide the development of UV filter environmental exposure models and risk assessments. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:93-100. [PMID: 37799078 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A key factor that is deficient in most environmental emissions assessments for UV filters is a keen understanding of consumer habits and practices that can inform realistic exposure assessments. This study utilized a large volunteer survey (>11 000 persons) that captured many factors that affect consumer-based loadings to aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to utilize this large survey to identify factors that affect the amount of sunscreen products used by consumers. METHODS Correlations among more than 20 variables were used to provide an understanding of the overall dataset and identify factors that may be related to the amount of sunscreen product applied to the body (i.e., application thickness). Forward multiple linear regressions were used to identify the relative importance of each of these factors alone and in combination with others in predicting the amount of applied sunscreen. RESULTS The proportion of body surface area (BSA) covered by sunscreen was the primary factor related to application thickness, followed by body surface area of the survey participant, seasonal usage, Fitzpatrick skin type and the sun protection factor, respectively. Each of the five regression models examined was statistically highly significant. CONCLUSIONS Comparisons to recommendations from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine parameters illustrated sufficient differences so as to encourage the development of future consumer habits and practice surveys that include factors beyond the scope of this study (e.g., activities, time of day, year, location, etc.) that can lead to improved exposure and risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Carrao
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Kao USA Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Scott D Dyer
- Waterborne Environmental, Inc., Leesburg, Virginia, USA
- LeTourneau University, Longview, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114119. [PMID: 36773580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi K, Lee N, Uhm Y, Kim JW, Lim E, Lee Y. Analysis of usage patterns and probabilistic risk assessment of personal care products in Korea. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
An D, Xing X, Tang Z, Li Y, Sun J. Concentrations, distribution and potential health risks of organic ultraviolet absorbents in street dust from Tianjin, a megacity in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112130. [PMID: 34571034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs) in outdoor dust remains poorly understood, especially in megacities. We measured the concentrations of 11 OUVAs in street dust from Tianjin, China, by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and found total concentrations in the range of 10.3-129 ng/g. These OUVAs were prevalent in the study street dust, but their concentrations were much lower than those in indoor dust reported in other areas previously. Benzophenone and octocrylene were the dominant OUVAs, representing medians of 15.5% and 13.1% of total OUVA concentrations, respectively. Total concentrations of dust OUVAs in the industrial area were higher than the residential, cultural and new urban areas. Source assessment indicated that the OUVAs likely originated mainly from the manufacture and consumption of cosmetics and personal care products, and some may have been from the production and use of OUVA-containing consumer products. The calculated non-carcinogenic risks of OUVAs in street dust were low. Our results further confirmed that the OUVAs were prevalent in the environment, provide useful information for understanding potential risks of these chemicals and developing risk management strategies. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence, environmental behaviors and potential risks of these emerging contaminants in outdoor environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matwiejczuk N, Galicka A, Brzóska MM. Review of the safety of application of cosmetic products containing parabens. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 40:176-210. [PMID: 31903662 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetics are a source of lifetime exposure to various substances including parabens, being the most popular synthetic preservatives. Because the use of cosmetics shows an increasing trend and some adverse health outcomes of parabens present in these products have been reported, the present review focused on the safety of dermal application of these compounds. Special attention has been paid to the absorption of parabens and their retention in the human body in the intact form, as well as to their toxicological characteristics. Particular emphasis has been placed on the estrogenic potential of parabens. Based on the available published data of the concentrations of parabens in various kinds of cosmetics, the average ranges of systemic exposure dose (SED) for methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben have been calculated. Safety evaluations [margin of safety (MoS)] for these compounds, based on their aggregate exposure, have also been performed. Moreover, evidence for the negative impact of methylparaben on skin cells has been provided, and the main factors that may intensify dermal absorption of parabens and their impact on the skin have been described. Summarizing, the use of single cosmetics containing parabens should not pose a hazard for human health; however, using excessive quantities of cosmetic preparations containing these compounds may lead to the development of unfavorable health outcomes. Due to the real risk of estrogenic effects, as a result of exposure to parabens in cosmetics, simultaneous use of many cosmetic products containing these preservatives should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matwiejczuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong S, Jeon HL, Lee J, Kim S, Lee C, Lee S, Cho YH, Choi K, Yoo J. Urinary parabens and their potential sources of exposure among Korean children and adolescents: Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015-2017. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 236:113781. [PMID: 34119851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are used as a preservative in several consumer products including cosmetics, personal care products, and medicinal products. These chemicals have been suspected for estrogenicity and potential adverse endocrine outcomes in humans. For the first time, exposure profiles and potential sources of major parabens are investigated for a nationally representative population of children and adolescents of Korea. In addition, major determinants of urinary paraben levels were identified. For this purpose, the children, and adolescents (n = 2355, 3-18 years of age) who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 3 (2015-2017) were studied. Adjusted multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate the relationships of several potential demographic and behavioral determinants of exposure, with the urinary levels of three parabens; methyl, ethyl, and propyl paraben. Methyl and propyl paraben levels of the Korean children and adolescents were comparable to those of the US, but the high exposure group (95th percentile) showed much higher levels of exposure. Moreover, urinary ethyl paraben levels are always higher than those of other countries. The uses of personal care products including liquid soaps, fragrance products, nail polish, or antiseptic products were significantly associated with urinary paraben levels. In addition, dietary sources such as fast food and canned food consumption were identified as major contributors to ethyl paraben levels. For methyl and propyl parabens, the use of fever medications and ointments were identified as major determinants of the exposure, especially among the younger children of 3-5 years of age. These observations are related to the Korean regulations that permit the use of the parabens as preservatives in foods and medications. The findings demonstrate that the exposure profile of parabens among Korean children are unique, and mitigation efforts for some parabens are required in Korea. Further studies are warranted to confirm the exposure sources of parabens and to develop mitigation measures among Korean children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim S. The associations between personal care products use and urinary concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and triclosan in various age groups: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3 2015-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140640. [PMID: 32721747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and parabens are ubiquitous chemicals of public concern. This study aimed to investigate the use of personal care products (PCPs) as predictors of exposure to phthalates, parabens, and triclosan (TCS) among various age groups in a nationally representative population. The concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites, three parabens, and TCS were measured in a random spot urine sample in 5962 study participants (age range: 3-86 years). The information on PCPs use was obtained in seven categories over previous three months. The exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS were different according to the pattern of PCPs use in different age groups and gender. In adolescents and adults, females used all categories of PCPs more frequently than males, with statistical significance. The use rates of PCPs and the significant exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS associated with PCP use were more clearly observed in adults. The least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) steadily increased, as the cumulative number of used PCPs increased with statistical significance. The exposure risks to MeP were consistently observed with various PCPs use and showed a significant increase as the cumulative number of PCPs use increased in adults. Furthermore, the use of fragrance products, makeup, and air fresheners significantly increased the exposure risk to EtP in preschoolers. The significant exposure risk to mono-(3-carboxypropyl)- phthalate (MCPP) associated with nail polishes use was observed in preschoolers and adults. This study showed the associations between PCPs use and urinary concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and TCS in various age groups. Environmental health policies to reduce exposure to phthalates and parabens should be widely implemented, including industry regulations and increasing public awareness. Future studies are needed to explore other important exposure sources of these chemicals and their related adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ugelvig Petersen K, Balkiss AM, Hærvig KK, Ellekilde Bonde JP, Hougaard KS, Toft G, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Tøttenborg SS. Use of Personal Care Products and Semen Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Danish Men. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030062. [PMID: 32842629 PMCID: PMC7560353 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) may contain multiple chemicals capable of harming male reproductive function. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess aggregated PCP exposure and potential associations with measures of semen quality in young men. Participants (n = 1058, age 18–21) were sampled among young men from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Upon recruitment in 2017–2019, each man answered an online questionnaire and provided a semen sample. Exposure to 12 common types of PCPs was derived from the questionnaire, and the extent of use and co-use was analyzed. We applied a negative binomial regression model to estimate percentage differences in semen parameters between low, medium and high PCP exposure groups. All participants were exposed to at least one PCP more than once a week, resulting in a mean number (SD) of 5.3 (2.0) PCPs currently used. Most participants (92%) were also exposed to fragranced products on a weekly basis. Little association was observed between aggregated exposure to PCPs and sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, sperm motility and morphology. Despite prevalent use of multiple PCPs, we found little indication of adverse effects of aggregated overall or fragranced PCP exposure on semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Mahmoud Balkiss
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim M, Lee K. Aggregate exposure assessment using cosmetic co-use scenarios: I. Establishment of aggregate exposure scenarios. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Aggregate exposure assessment using cosmetic co-use scenarios: II. Application and validation for phthalates. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111583. [PMID: 32679286 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggregate exposure assessments using co-use scenarios could provide more realistic estimations than single product exposure assessment. Co-use scenarios for cosmetic products were determined from a ranking of the frequency of occurrence of co-use patterns and the number of cosmetics used. We conducted aggregate exposure assessments using the co-use scenarios and validated the new methodology by comparing the results to those of a receptor-based aggregate exposure assessment. The aggregate exposures of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) in cosmetics were estimated by co-use scenarios for cosmetics. The co-use scenario-based AED increased with the number of cosmetics in the co-use scenarios, and was higher in female and younger groups. The major contributors in females were facial cream for DEHP, nail polish for DnBP, and shower cologne or perfume for DEP. The major contributors in males were body lotion for DEHP, facial sunscreen for DnBP, and hair styling product for DEP. The distribution of the co-use scenario based AEDs displayed a similar trend to that of the receptor-based AEDs, with the 95th percentiles of the AED slightly underestimated in the co-use scenario. The applied methodology could provide reasonable aggregate exposures with relatively few resources required.
Collapse
|
13
|
Melo TGD, Rosvailer MSC, Carvalho VOD. BATHING, MAKE-UP, AND SUNSCREEN: WHICH PRODUCTS DO CHILDREN USE? REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2020; 38:e2018319. [PMID: 32401944 PMCID: PMC7212586 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the hygiene practices and frequency of use of personal hygiene
products, cosmetics, and sunscreen among children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with interviews about skincare conducted with
caregivers through closed-ended questions. We included patients up to 14
years of age waiting for consultation in pediatric outpatient clinics of a
tertiary hospital. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and
applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test to compare the
practices according to maternal schooling. Results: We conducted 276 interviews. The median age of the participants was age
four, and 150 (54.3%) were males. A total of 143 (51.8%) participants bathed
once a day and 128 (46.3%) bathed two or more times a day, lasting up to ten
minutes in 132 (47.8%) cases. Adult soap was used by 103 (37.3%) children
and bar soap by 220 (79.7%). Fifty-three (19.2%) participants used sunscreen
daily. Perfume was used by 182 (65.9%) children, hair gel by 98 (35.5%),
nail polish by 62 (22.4%), and some type of make-up by 71 (25.7%) -
eyeshadow by 30 (10.8%), lipstick by 52 (18.8%), face powder and mascara by
13 (4.7%). Make-up use started at a median age of 4 years. Henna tattoo was
done in eight children. Conclusions: The children studied used unsuitable products for their skin, such as those
intended for adults, used sunscreen inadequately, and started wearing
make-up early, evidencing the need for medical orientation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sy MM, Garcia-Hidalgo E, Jung C, Lindtner O, von Goetz N, Greiner M. Analysis of consumer behavior for the estimation of the exposure to chemicals in personal care products. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111320. [PMID: 32302718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the main objective was to implement an integrative modelling framework in order to support the prioritization and screening of chemicals present in personal care products (PCPs) regarding their potential to expose users across multiple possible pathways. Here, we implemented an exposure-based framework based on product intake fractions (PiFs) calculated using a two-compartment model reproducing the skin uptake and the competing volatilization of chemicals applied on skin during PCP use. The implemented framework enabled to simultaneously and comprehensively accommodate coupled chemical specific parameters (i.e. physical and chemical properties of the candidate chemicals), exposure information specific for product-chemical combinations, and survey data informing on consumer behavior. A case-study, based on the usage pattern data of 22 PCPs investigated among Swiss individuals (Garcia-Hidalgo et al., 2017a) and 113 candidate chemicals chosen for their suspected presence in the PCP categories of interest was defined to evaluate the applicability of the framework. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and hierarchical clustering were subsequently applied to identify chemicals with the highest exposure potential and to highlight most relevant mixtures of chemicals on the basis of the specific usage patterns of the considered survey individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamadou M Sy
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Exposure Department, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Christian Jung
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Exposure Department, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Exposure Department, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Greiner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Exposure Department, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shaaban H, Alhajri W. Usage Patterns of Cosmetic and Personal Care Products among Female Population in Saudi Arabia: Important Factors for Exposure and Risk Assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:8434508. [PMID: 32322284 PMCID: PMC7168713 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8434508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reliable data regarding the usage patterns of personal care products (PCPs) are needed to determine the health risks posed by the ingredients of these products such as parabens, phthalates, and bisphenol A. There are no published data regarding the consumption patterns of PCPs in the Middle East in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess important factors such as the percentage of users and the frequency of use and co-use of twenty-three cosmetic and PCPs among the female population in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the common cosmetic-related adverse events among the participants. The studied products included general hygiene, hair care, skin care, makeup, fragrances, and other products. The data were collected from 709 female participants of different age groups through a digital questionnaire. It was found that eighteen of the investigated products are consumed by at least 50% of the respondents. The frequency of use of PCPs varied over a wide range. Cosmetic-related adverse events were experienced by 16.1% of the participants. Use frequencies of many hygiene and makeup products were correlated with each other. This study provides, for the first time, baseline data on the usage patterns of a large number of widely consumed PCPs among female population pertaining to several sociodemographic strata. Such information is crucial for exposure and risk assessment and also needed for updating the current knowledge on usage of PCPs in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pluym N, Petreanu W, Weber T, Scherer G, Scherer M, Kolossa-Gehring M. Biomonitoring data on young adults from the Environmental Specimen Bank suggest a decrease in the exposure to the fragrance chemical 7-hydroxycitronellal in Germany from 2000 to 2018. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 227:113508. [PMID: 32172157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-octanal, also known as 7-hydroxycitronellal (7-HC, CAS No. 107-75-5) is a synthetic fragrance widely used in cosmetic and hygiene products. Because of its wide spread use and its known sensitizing properties, 7-HC was selected as one of 50 chemicals within the frame of the cooperation project between the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI) to develop a suitable human biomonitoring (HBM) method in order to assess the exposure of the general population in Germany. Within this scope, the recently published analytical method for urinary 7-hydroxycitronellylic acid (7-HCA), the major metabolite of 7-HC, was applied to 329 24h-urine samples of young adults (20 to 29 years) collected between 2000 and 2018 and stored in the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). The widespread exposure to 7-HC as already observed in a pilot study with 40 volunteers could be confirmed with quantifiable concentrations of 7-HCA in all 329 study samples (mean: 14.9 ng/mL; median: 8.1 ng/mL). A significant, chronological decrease in 7-HCA levels was found for the monitored years (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2018). The most pronounced decline occurred between 2000 and 2004 (means: 34.37 versus 23.31, medians: 20.97 versus 12.49 μg/24h; p < 0.01). On average, females exhibited higher levels of urinary 7-HCA compared to males (29.34 versus 17.21 μg/24h, p < 0.05). Based on the urinary 7-HCA excretion, the daily intake (DI) of 7-HC normalized for body weight (bw) was estimated. Over all sampling years, average DI in females was significantly higher compared to males (0.99 versus 0.46 μg/kg bw/d). Assuming dermal exposure as the main route of 7-HC intake, the mean DIs correspond to <0.1% of the derived no effect level (DNEL) of 1,100 μg/kg bw/d defined by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA). The presented results for the exposure to the widely used fragrance 7-HC in Germany can be substantiated by applying the described methodology to the representative cohort of the launched German Environmental Survey in adults (GerES VI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Pluym
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Wolf Petreanu
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jo A, Kim S, Ji K, Kho Y, Choi K. Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with 'Temple Stay' Participants. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8010003. [PMID: 31963390 PMCID: PMC7151732 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants (n = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Jo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (A.J.); (S.K.)
- Accident Prevention and Assessment Division II, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 34111, Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (A.J.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea;
| | - Younglim Kho
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea;
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (A.J.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2738
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hart LB, Walker J, Beckingham B, Shelley A, Alten Flagg M, Wischusen K, Sundstrom B. A characterization of personal care product use among undergraduate female college students in South Carolina, USA. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:97-106. [PMID: 31548624 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some chemicals used in personal care products (PCPs) are associated with endocrine disruption, developmental abnormalities, and reproductive impairment. Previous studies have evaluated product use among various populations; however, information on college women, a population with a unique lifestyle, is scarce. The proportion and frequency of product use were measured using a self-administered survey among 138 female undergraduates. Respondents were predominately Caucasian (80.4%, reflecting the college's student body), and represented all years of study (freshman: 24.6%; sophomore: 30.4%; junior: 18.8%; senior: 26.1%). All respondents reported use of at least two PCPs within 24 h prior to sampling (maximum = 17; median = 8; IQR = 6-11). Compared with studies of pregnant and postpartum women, adult men, and Latina adolescents, college women surveyed reported significantly higher use of deodorant, conditioner, perfume, liquid soap, hand/body lotion, sunscreen, nail polish, eyeshadow, and lip balm (Chi Square, p < 0.05). More study is needed to understand the magnitude and racial disparities of PCP chemical exposure, but given the potential effects on reproduction and fertility, our findings of abundant and frequent product use among these reproductive-aged women highlight opportunities for intervention and information on endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC)-free alternative products and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Hart
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Joanna Walker
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Barbara Beckingham
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ally Shelley
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Moriah Alten Flagg
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kerry Wischusen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Sundstrom
- Department of Communication, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li N, Ho W, Wu RSS, Tsang EPK, Ying GG, Deng WJ. Ultra violet filters in the urine of preschool children and drinking water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105246. [PMID: 31675567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) and other ultra violet (UV) filters (UV-filters) are widely used in sunblock and other personal care products, raising concerns about their adverse health risks to human, especially for children. In the present study, BP-type UV-filters and other four widely used UV-filters were evaluated in the child urinary samples (4-6 years, n = 53), tap water and commercial distilled water in Hong Kong. The results suggested that the target chemicals are ubiquitous in the subject. BP1, BP2, BP3 and BP4 in children urine samples contributed closely to the overall children exposure of UV filters, with detection rates above 58% and geometric means ranging from 44.2 to 76.7 ng/mL. As a contrast, BP3 was the major substance found in the tap water and distilled bottle water, with detection rates of 100% and geometric means of 9.64 and 14.5 ng/L, respectively. There were some significant relationships between urinary UV filters and personal characteristics (BMI values, sex, income level, hand washing frequency, and body location usage), but the health risks associated with UV-filters in Hong Kong children might not be concerning. Only two children applied sun creams in this research, indicating that there were other sources to exposure these chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Eric P K Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tietz T, Lenzner A, Kolbaum AE, Zellmer S, Riebeling C, Gürtler R, Jung C, Kappenstein O, Tentschert J, Giulbudagian M, Merkel S, Pirow R, Lindtner O, Tralau T, Schäfer B, Laux P, Greiner M, Lampen A, Luch A, Wittkowski R, Hensel A. Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3503-3521. [PMID: 31659427 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust and its manifold uses result in an exposure of the population from many sources. Developmental toxicity, effects on the urinary tract and neurotoxicity are known effects of aluminium and its compounds. Here, we assessed the health risks resulting from total consumer exposure towards aluminium and various aluminium compounds, including contributions from foodstuffs, food additives, food contact materials (FCM), and cosmetic products. For the estimation of aluminium contents in foodstuff, data from the German "Pilot-Total-Diet-Study" were used, which was conducted as part of the European TDS-Exposure project. These were combined with consumption data from the German National Consumption Survey II to yield aluminium exposure via food for adults. It was found that the average weekly aluminium exposure resulting from food intake amounts to approx. 50% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg body weight (bw)/week, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For children, data from the French "Infant Total Diet Study" and the "Second French Total Diet Study" were used to estimate aluminium exposure via food. As a result, the TWI can be exhausted or slightly exceeded-particularly for infants who are not exclusively breastfed and young children relying on specially adapted diets (e.g. soy-based, lactose free, hypoallergenic). When taking into account the overall aluminium exposure from foods, cosmetic products (cosmetics), pharmaceuticals and FCM from uncoated aluminium, a significant exceedance of the EFSA-derived TWI and even the PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw/week, derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, may occur. Specifically, high exposure levels were found for adolescents aged 11-14 years. Although exposure data were collected with special regard to the German population, it is also representative for European and comparable to international consumers. From a toxicological point of view, regular exceedance of the lifetime tolerable aluminium intake (TWI/PTWI) is undesirable, since this results in an increased risk for health impairments. Consequently, recommendations on how to reduce overall aluminium exposure are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tietz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ariane Lenzner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Elena Kolbaum
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Gürtler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Giulbudagian
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Merkel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Greiner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Wittkowski
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanti V, Constantinou A, Reygagne P, Vogt A, Kottner J, Blume‐Peytavi U. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: demographic and clinical characteristics of 490 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1976-1983. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Kanti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - A. Constantinou
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - A. Vogt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - J. Kottner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - U. Blume‐Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ficheux AS, Gomez-Berrada MP, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure to finished cosmetic products: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:280-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Hoffman K, Hammel SC, Phillips AL, Lorenzo AM, Chen A, Calafat AM, Ye X, Webster TF, Stapleton HM. Biomarkers of exposure to SVOCs in children and their demographic associations: The TESIE Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:26-36. [PMID: 29929048 PMCID: PMC6472953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are used extensively in consumer and personal care products; electronics; furniture; and building materials and are detected in most indoor environments. As a result, human exposure to mixtures of SVOCs is wide-spread. However, very few studies have measured biomarkers of exposure to multiple SVOC classes, and exposure determinants have not been thoroughly explored, particularly for young children. In this study, we investigated biomarkers of exposure to SVOCs among children (age 3-6 years), who may experience higher exposures and be more susceptible to adverse health outcomes than other age groups. We enrolled 203 participants in the Toddlers Exposure to SVOCs in Indoor Environments (TESIE) study (181 provided urine samples and 90 provided serum samples).We quantified 44 biomarkers of exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phenols, antibacterial agents and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); we detected 29 of the 44 biomarkers in >95% of samples, and many biomarkers were detected at higher median concentrations than those previously reported in the U.S. general population. Demographic characteristics were associated with differences in concentrations. In general, non-Hispanic white race and higher maternal education were associated with lower concentrations, even after adjusting for other potential confounding variables. Our results suggest that outdoor temperature at the time of biospecimen collection may be a particularly important and under-evaluated predictor of biomarker concentrations; statistically significant relationships were observed between 10 biomarkers and outdoor temperature at the time of collection. A complex correlation structure was also observed among the biomarkers assessed. By and large, statistically significant correlations between biomarkers of exposure to phthalates, parabens, phenols, and OPEs were positive. Conversely, although PFASs were positively correlated with one another, they tended to be negatively correlated with other biomarkers where significant associations were observed. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the assessments of SVOC-associated health impacts should focus on chemical mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Amelia M Lorenzo
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Albert Chen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garcia-Hidalgo E, Schneider D, von Goetz N, Delmaar C, Siegrist M, Hungerbühler K. Aggregate consumer exposure to isothiazolinones via household care and personal care products: Probabilistic modelling and benzisothiazolinone risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:245-256. [PMID: 29894934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumers regularly use household care and personal care products (HC&PCPs). Isothiazolinones are included in HC&PCPs as preservatives and are being held responsible for an epidemic rise in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The objective of this study was to assess the origin and extent of dermal exposure in order to evaluate the risk of ACD from isothiazolinones in HC&PCP. Individual-based aggregate dermal exposure to four isothiazolinones was estimated using the newly proposed Probabilistic Aggregated Consumer Exposure Model-Kinetic, Dermal (PACEM-KD) by combining the reported individual use patterns for HC&PCP in Switzerland (N = 669 (558 adults), ages 0-91) with isothiazolinone concentrations measured in products used by the individual person. PACEM-KD extends the original PACEM by considering exposure duration, product dilution and skin permeability. PACEM-KD-based higher-tier exposure on palms (99th percentile) was 15.4 ng/cm2, 1.3 ng/cm2, 0.9 ng/cm2, and 0.08 ng/cm2 for the isothiazolinones 1,2‑Benzisothiazol‑3‑(2H)‑one (BIT), 2‑Octyl‑3(2H)‑isothiazolinone (OIT), 2‑Methylisothiazolin‑3(2H)‑one (MI), and 5‑Chloro‑2‑methyl‑4‑isothiazolin‑3‑one (CMI), respectively. Major sources of exposure to BIT included all-purpose cleaners, dishwashing detergent, and kitchen cleaner, while exposure to OIT mainly stems from a fungicide. For MI, the main contributors were dishwashing detergent and all-purpose wet wipes, and for CMI all-purpose cleaner. A Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for BIT using Sensitization Assessment Factors (SAFs) indicates that around 1% of the Swiss population is at risk to be sensitized by BIT in cosmetics and household chemicals. For isothiazolinones in general the presented higher-tier modelling approach suggests that household cleaners are currently more important sources of exposure than cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dovilé Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Christiaan Delmaar
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raliya R, Saharan V, Dimkpa C, Biswas P. Nanofertilizer for Precision and Sustainable Agriculture: Current State and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6487-6503. [PMID: 28835103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing food demand as a result of the rising global population has prompted the large-scale use of fertilizers. As a result of resource constraints and low use efficiency of fertilizers, the cost to the farmer is increasing dramatically. Nanotechnology offers great potential to tailor fertilizer production with the desired chemical composition, improve the nutrient use efficiency that may reduce environmental impact, and boost the plant productivity. Furthermore, controlled release and targeted delivery of nanoscale active ingredients can realize the potential of sustainable and precision agriculture. A review of nanotechnology-based smart and precision agriculture is discussed in this paper. Scientific gaps to be overcome and fundamental questions to be answered for safe and effective development and deployment of nanotechnology are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Raliya
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur , Rajasthan 313001 , India
| | - Christian Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center , Muscle Shoals , Alabama 35662 , United States
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Natalie VG, Elena GH, Charles B, Klaus F, Remo F, Alexander I. Assessing exposure factors in the smartphone generation: Design and evaluation of a smartphone app that collects use patterns of cosmetics and household chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:532-540. [PMID: 29860016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure factors form the basis of reliable exposure estimates. The growing demand for population-specific exposure factors for complex exposure models is challenged by continuously declining response rates in surveys: Current survey methods clearly need a boost by user-friendly and efficient technologies. We compared the performance of a smartphone app to a paper questionnaire based on a survey on exposure factors that offered the choice between both methods and based on an observational study that investigated the performance of both methods. The development costs for smartphone app and paper questionnaire were comparable with 15'000 and 13'500 US-$, respectively. The cost efficiency for the paper questionnaire was much better than for the app, but model calculations show that the cost efficiency of the app improves considerably with adequate promotion and for larger surveys, especially for those with regular repetitions. Barcode scanning of consumer products by app saved time and effort of the participants and enhanced reliability. The app was able to attract the attention of younger adults between 20 and 40 years old: Thus, the limited representativity for younger age groups that sometimes is observed for paper-based surveys may be enhanced by including the option to use an app in a mixed-mode survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Von Goetz Natalie
- ETH Zurich, Department for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Garcia-Hidalgo Elena
- ETH Zurich, Department for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Balachandran Charles
- ETH Zurich, Auto-ID Labs, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Weinbergstrasse 56-58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Lambertenghi 10a, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Fuchs Klaus
- ETH Zurich, Auto-ID Labs, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Weinbergstrasse 56-58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frey Remo
- ETH Zurich, Auto-ID Labs, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Weinbergstrasse 56-58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilic Alexander
- ETH Zurich, Auto-ID Labs, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Weinbergstrasse 56-58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park GH, Nam C, Hong S, Park B, Kim H, Lee T, Kim K, Lee JH, Kim MH. Socioeconomic factors influencing cosmetic usage patterns. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:242-250. [PMID: 29666511 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite daily exposure to chemicals in cosmetic products, there are few studies on the exposure levels to cosmetics particularly in Asians. We sought to investigate the usage pattern of cosmetics, including eye makeup products, fragrances, color makeups, and hair and nail care products, in Koreans. An online survey of 1,800 participants (908 males and 892 females, aged 15-59 years) from 5 Metropolitan cities (Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, and Busan) in Korea was conducted. For overall types of cosmetics, the proportion of users was 7.1% (range: 0.0-46.3%) in males and 30.7% (range: 1.0-82.8%) in females. The most prevalently used product was perfume (46.3%) in males and lipstick (82.8%) in females. In addition, the mean number of application for overall types of cosmetics was 22.7 (range: 4.6-49.4) times per month in male users and 24.8 (range: 4.2-62.0) in female users. The usage pattern was significantly altered according to demographic and socioeconomic factors, including age group, occupation, and income. This work estimated the prevalences and frequencies of use of a wide collection of cosmetics from a large number of Koreans and found that the usage pattern was significantly associated with demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Chanhee Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Medical Center, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Seungphil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Medical Center, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Byungcheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Medical Center, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hakrim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Taewon Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyubong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Medical Center, Chungnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lewis RC, Meeker JD, Basu N, Gauthier AM, Cantoral A, Mercado-García A, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Watkins DJ. Urinary metal concentrations among mothers and children in a Mexico City birth cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:609-615. [PMID: 29703512 PMCID: PMC6197859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Personal care product use is a potential source of metals exposure among children, but studies have been limited. We measured urinary concentrations of 10 metals (aluminum, arsenic [As], barium [Ba], cadmium, cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], manganese [Mn], molybdenum [Mo], nickel, and zinc [Zn]) in third trimester pregnant women (n = 212) and their children at 8-14 years of age (n = 250). Demographic factors (child sex, age, socioeconomic status, and maternal education), body mass index (BMI) z-score, and child personal care product use in the 24 h prior to urine collection were examined as predictors of urinary metal concentrations. Metals were detected in 80-100% of urine samples, with significant differences in maternal versus childhood levels. However, metal concentrations were not strongly correlated within or between time points. In linear regression models including all demographic characteristics, BMI z-score, and specific gravity, age was associated with higher Co (6% [95% CI: 2, 10]), while BMI z-score was associated with lower Mo (-6% [95% CI: -11, -1). In addition, significantly higher metal concentrations were observed among users of colored cosmetics (Mo: 42% [95% CI: 1, 99]), deodorant (Ba: 28% [3, 58]), hair spray/hair gel (Mn: 22% [3, 45]), and other toiletries (As: 50% [9, 108]), as well as with an increasing number of personal care products used (As: 7% [3, 11]) after adjustment for child sex, age, total number of products used, and specific gravity. However, significantly lower metal concentrations were noted for users of hair cream (As and Zn: -20% [-36, -2] and -21% [-35, -2], respectively), shampoo (Pb: -40% [-62, -7]), and other hair products (Pb: -44% [-65, -9]). We found that personal care product use may be a predictor of exposure to multiple metals among children. Further research is recommended to inform product-specific exposure source identification and related child health risk assessment efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Lewis
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Probabilistic exposure assessment to face and oral care cosmetic products by the French population. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:511-524. [PMID: 29198857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic exposure data for face and mouth are limited in Europe. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure to face cosmetics using recent French consumption data (Ficheux et al., 2016b, 2015). Exposure was assessed using a probabilistic method for thirty one face products from four lines of products: cleanser, care, make-up and make-up remover products and two oral care products. Probabilistic exposure was assessed for different subpopulation according to sex and age in adults and children. Pregnant women were also studied. The levels of exposure to moisturizing cream, lip balm, mascara, eyeliner, cream foundation, toothpaste and mouthwash were higher than the values currently used by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Exposure values found for eye shadow, lipstick, lotion and milk (make-up remover) were lower than SCCS values. These new French exposure values will be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and the at risk populations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gomez-Berrada M, Ficheux A, Galonnier M, Rolfo J, Rielland A, Guillou S, De Javel D, Roudot A, Ferret P. Influence of the container on the consumption of cosmetic products. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Taylor KW, Baird DD, Herring AH, Engel LS, Nichols HB, Sandler DP, Troester MA. Associations among personal care product use patterns and exogenous hormone use in the NIEHS Sister Study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:458-464. [PMID: 28120835 PMCID: PMC5526738 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that certain chemicals in personal care products may alter the risk of adverse health outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to use a data-centered approach to classify complex patterns of exposure to personal care products and to understand how these patterns vary according to use of exogenous hormone exposures, oral contraceptives (OCs) and post-menopausal hormone therapy (HT). The NIEHS Sister Study is a prospective cohort study of 50,884 US women. Limiting the sample to non-Hispanic blacks and whites (N=47,019), latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify groups of individuals with similar patterns of personal care product use based on responses to 48 survey questions. Personal care products were categorized into three product types (beauty, hair, and skincare products) and separate latent classes were constructed for each type. Adjusted prevalence differences (PD) were calculated to estimate the association between exogenous hormone use, as measured by ever/never OC or HT use, and patterns of personal care product use. LCA reduced data dimensionality by grouping of individuals with similar patterns of personal care product use into mutually exclusive latent classes (three latent classes for beauty product use, three for hair, and four for skin care. There were strong differences in personal care usage by race, particularly for haircare products. For both blacks and whites, exogenous hormone exposures were associated with higher levels of product use, especially beauty and skincare products. Relative to individual product use questions, latent class variables capture complex patterns of personal care product usage. These patterns differed by race and were associated with ever OC and HT use. Future studies should consider personal care product exposures with other exogenous exposures when modeling health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla W. Taylor
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy H. Herring
- Biostatistics Deptartment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Epidemiology Deptartment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hazel B. Nichols
- Epidemiology Deptartment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Epidemiology Deptartment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gomez-Berrada M, Ficheux A, Dahmoul Z, Roudot A, Ferret P. Exposure assessment of family cosmetic products dedicated to babies, children and adults. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Gomez-Berrada MP, Ficheux AS, Guillou S, Berge C, de Javel D, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure assessment to cosmetic products for children under 2 years old. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:151-160. [PMID: 28412405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of personal care products is an integral part of daily life. Little information about children's consumption and exposure to cosmetic products is available. The aim of the study was to assess the consumption and the exposure of French babies aged 0-23 months old to seven common baby care products: shampoo, shower gel, cleansing water, cleansing milk, moisturizing cream, bottom cream and wipes. Consumption and exposure were assessed using small age intervals in order to identify any differences. Exposure was calculated using a probabilistic method. These original data will be useful for safety assessors and safety agencies in order to protect consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Gomez-Berrada
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
| | | | - Carole Berge
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | | | - Alain-Claude Roudot
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smarr MM, Sundaram R, Honda M, Kannan K, Louis GMB. Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Other Antimicrobial Chemicals and Their Association with Couples' Fecundity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:730-736. [PMID: 27286252 PMCID: PMC5381974 DOI: 10.1289/ehp189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exposure to parabens and other antimicrobial chemicals is continual and pervasive. The hormone-disrupting properties of these environmental chemicals may adversely affect human reproduction. OBJECTIVE We aimed to prospectively assess couples' urinary concentrations of antimicrobial chemicals in the context of fecundity, measured as time to pregnancy (TTP). METHODS In a prospective cohort of 501 couples, we examined preconception urinary chemical concentrations of parabens, triclosan and triclorcarban in relation to TTP; chemical concentrations were modeled both continuously and in quartiles. Cox's proportional odds models for discrete survival time were used to estimate fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for a priori-defined confounders. In light of TTP being a couple-dependent outcome, both partner and couple-based exposure models were analyzed. In all models, FOR estimates < 1.0 denote diminished fecundity (longer TTP). RESULTS Overall, 347 (69%) couples became pregnant. The highest quartile of female urinary methyl paraben (MP) concentrations relative to the lowest reflected a 34% reduction in fecundity (aFOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.97) and remained so when accounting for couples' concentrations (aFOR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.96). Similar associations were observed between ethyl paraben (EP) and couple fecundity for both partner and couple-based models (p-trend = 0.02 and p-trend = 0.05, respectively). No associations were observed with couple fecundity when chemicals were modeled continuously. CONCLUSIONS Higher quartiles of preconception urinary concentrations of MP and EP among female partners were associated with reduced couple fecundity in partner-specific and couple-based exposure models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Masato Honda
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Csiszar SA, Ernstoff AS, Fantke P, Jolliet O. Stochastic modeling of near-field exposure to parabens in personal care products. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:152-159. [PMID: 26758569 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a key step in determining risks to chemicals in consumer goods, including personal care products (PCPs). Exposure models can be used to estimate exposures to chemicals in the absence of biomonitoring data and as tools in chemical risk prioritization and screening. We apply a PCP exposure model based on the product intake fraction (PiF), which is defined as the fraction of chemical in a product that is taken in by the exposed population, to estimate chemical intake based on physicochemical properties and PCP usage characteristics. The PiF can be used to estimate route and pathway-specific exposures during both the use and disposal stages of a product. As a case study, we stochastically quantified population level exposures to parabens in PCPs, and compared estimates with biomarker values. We estimated exposure based on the usage of PCPs in the female US population, taking into account population variability, product usage characteristics, paraben occurrence in PCPs and the PiF. Intakes were converted to urine levels and compared with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) biomonitoring data. Results suggest that for parabens, chemical exposure during product use is substantially larger than environmentally mediated exposure after product disposal. Modeled urine concentrations reflect well the NHANES variation of three orders of magnitude across parabens for the 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles and were generally in good agreement with measurements, when taking uncertainty into account. This study presents an approach to estimate multi-pathway exposure to chemicals in PCPs and can be used as a tool within exposure-based screening of chemicals as well in higher tier exposure estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Csiszar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexi S Ernstoff
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
von Goetz N, Pirow R, Hart A, Bradley E, Poças F, Arcella D, Lillegard ITL, Simoneau C, van Engelen J, Husoy T, Theobald A, Leclercq C. Including non-dietary sources into an exposure assessment of the European Food Safety Authority: The challenge of multi-sector chemicals such as Bisphenol A. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 85:70-78. [PMID: 28185845 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the most recent risk assessment for Bisphenol A for the first time a multi-route aggregate exposure assessment was conducted by the European Food Safety Authority. This assessment includes exposure via dietary sources, and also contributions of the most important non-dietary sources. Both average and high aggregate exposure were calculated by source-to-dose modeling (forward calculation) for different age groups and compared with estimates based on urinary biomonitoring data (backward calculation). The aggregate exposure estimates obtained by forward and backward modeling are in the same order of magnitude, with forward modeling yielding higher estimates associated with larger uncertainty. Yet, only forward modeling can indicate the relative contribution of different sources. Dietary exposure, especially via canned food, appears to be the most important exposure source and, based on the central aggregate exposure estimates, contributes around 90% to internal exposure to total (conjugated plus unconjugated) BPA. Dermal exposure via thermal paper and to a lesser extent via cosmetic products may contribute around 10% for some age groups. The uncertainty around these estimates is considerable, but since after dermal absorption a first-pass metabolism of BPA by conjugation is lacking, dermal sources may be of equal or even higher toxicological relevance than dietary sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - R Pirow
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Hart
- Fera Science Ltd (FERA), York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - E Bradley
- Fera Science Ltd (FERA), York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - F Poças
- Faculty of Biotechnology - Universidade Católica Portuguesa, P-Porto, Portugal.
| | - D Arcella
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - I T L Lillegard
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - C Simoneau
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
| | - J van Engelen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), NL-3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - T Husoy
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Theobald
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C Leclercq
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics Analysis, Center for Research on Food and Nutrition, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Use-patterns of personal care and household cleaning products in Switzerland. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:24-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
38
|
Aniansson B, Veierød MB, Rylander C, Lund E, Sandanger TM. Characterization of heavy users of skin care products among Norwegian women from 2003 to 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 74:53. [PMID: 28018591 PMCID: PMC5165705 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-016-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Several ingredients in personal care products (PCPs) have been classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs) and concern has been raised whether use of PCPs can affect human health. We aimed to characterize Norwegian female users of skin care products and compare life style characteristics between heavy users and non-users. Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 114 202 women (age 41–76 years) participating in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study, a large population-based prospective cohort study. Based on self-reported questionnaire data, we classified the study subjects into five groups according to a calculated percentage of skin area creamed per day. Life-style characteristics were then compared between heavy users (using body lotion twice a day) and non-users. Change in use from 2003 to 2011 was assessed through repeated measurements (n = 8484). Results Heavy users of skin care products had a significantly lower BMI, higher level of physical activity, higher income, higher alcohol consumption, fewer children and a shorter total time of breastfeeding than non-users (p < 0.001). There were significantly fewer current smokers and more former smokers among heavy users than among non-users (p < 0.01). Current and earlier use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy or hormonal intra-uterine device were significantly more common among heavy users than among non-users (p < 0.01). The use of skin care products was, to a moderate extent (weighted kappa 0.52), consistent over time from 2003 to 2011, and as many as 91.5% of the women were classified into the same user group ±1 category in 2003 and 2011. Conclusions Heavy users of skin care products differ significantly from non-users on BMI, degree of daily physical activity, income, number of children, use of hormonal pharmaceuticals, smoking and alcohol consumption. Use of skin care products is common among women aged 41–76 years in Norway, and the use is consistent over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13690-016-0165-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boel Aniansson
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ; NILU, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ficheux A, Dornic N, Bernard A, Chevillotte G, Roudot A. Probabilistic assessment of exposure to cosmetic products by French children aged 0–3 years. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Kang HS, Ko A, Kwon JE, Kyung MS, Moon GI, Park JH, Lee HS, Suh JH, Lee JM, Hwang MS, Kim K, Hong JH, Hwang IG. Urinary benzophenone concentrations and their association with demographic factors in a South Korean population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 149:1-7. [PMID: 27155137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) and its derivatives are widely used in various cosmetics, personal care products, and food packaging ink. The use of BP has raised concerns about the potential health risks associated with its endocrine-disrupting effects. This study evaluated urinary concentrations of BP derivatives in a national sample of the South Koreans population aged 6-89 years. From July to September in each 2010 and 2011, 1576 urine samples were collected. Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-2 (BP-2), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-4 (BP-4), benzophenone-8 (BP-8), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detection rate for BP-1 and 4-OH-BP were 56% [limit of detection (LOD) 0.59ng/mL] and 88% (LOD 0.04ng/mL), respectively, whereas those for BP-2, BP-3, BP-4, and BP-8 were all below 25%. The geometric means of urinary BP-1 and 4-OH-BP concentrations were 1.24ng/mL and 0.45ng/mL, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that concentrations of BP-1 in and of 4-OH-BP in adults were associated with sex and age. The BP-1 and 4-OH-BP concentration of children and adolescents was associated with sex, age, income, and current area of residence. The correlation was observed between urinary concentrations of BP derivatives, which is an important indication of exposure biomarkers and the metabolic pathways from BP-3. This is the first national study to evaluate the presence of BP derivatives in urine samples from the South Korean population, stratified by demographic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Seung Kang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Naeri, Ansung, Gyunggi 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahra Ko
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kwon
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kyung
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Im Moon
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Park
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyang Suh
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Lee
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sil Hwang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisok Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1000 Shindang-dong, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Hong
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyun Hwang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Exploring Global Exposure Factors Resources for Use in Consumer Exposure Assessments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070744. [PMID: 27455300 PMCID: PMC4962285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This publication serves as a global comprehensive resource for readers seeking exposure factor data and information relevant to consumer exposure assessment. It describes the types of information that may be found in various official surveys and online and published resources. The relevant exposure factors cover a broad range, including general exposure factor data found in published compendia and databases and resources about specific exposure factors, such as human activity patterns and housing information. Also included are resources on exposure factors related to specific types of consumer products and the associated patterns of use, such as for a type of personal care product or a type of children’s toy. Further, a section on using exposure factors for designing representative exposure scenarios is included, along with a look into the future for databases and other exposure science developments relevant for consumer exposure assessment.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ficheux A, Bernard A, Chevillotte G, Dornic N, Roudot A. Probabilistic assessment of exposure to hair cosmetic products by the French population. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
43
|
Changes in Cosmetics Use during Pregnancy and Risk Perception by Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:383. [PMID: 27043593 PMCID: PMC4847045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic products contain various chemical substances that may be potential carcinogen and endocrine disruptors. Women’s changes in cosmetics use during pregnancy and their risk perception of these products have not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to describe the proportion of pregnant women changing cosmetics use and the proportion of non-pregnant women intending to do so if they became pregnant. The secondary objectives were to compare, among the pregnant women, the proportions of those using cosmetics before and during pregnancy, and to describe among pregnant and non-pregnant women, the risk perception of these products. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a gynaecology clinic and four community pharmacies. One hundred and twenty-eight women (60 non-pregnant and 68 pregnant women) replied to a self-administered questionnaire. Cosmetics use was identified for 28 products. The results showed that few women intended to change or had changed cosmetics use during pregnancy. Nail polish was used by fewer pregnant women compared to the period before pregnancy (p < 0.05). Fifty-five percent of the women considered cosmetics use as a risk during pregnancy and 65% would have appreciated advice about these products. Our findings indicate that all perinatal health professionals should be ready to advise women about the benefits and risks of using cosmetics during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
44
|
Personal Care Product Use in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Implications for Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010105. [PMID: 26751460 PMCID: PMC4730496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Concern regarding the potential for developmental health risks associated with certain chemicals (e.g., phthalates, antibacterials) used in personal care products is well documented; however, current exposure data for pregnant women are limited. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of personal care product use in pregnancy and the post-partum period. Usage patterns of personal care products were collected at six different time points during pregnancy and once in the postpartum period for a cohort of 80 pregnant women in Ottawa, Canada. The pattern of use was then described and groups of personal care product groups commonly used together were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that product use varied by income and country of birth. General hygiene products were the most commonly used products and were consistently used over time while cosmetic product use declined with advancing pregnancy and post-delivery. Hand soaps and baby products were reported as used more frequently after birth. This study is the first to track personal care product use across pregnancy and into the postpartum period, and suggests that pregnant populations may be a unique group of personal care product users. This information will be useful for exposure assessments.
Collapse
|
45
|
Heffernan AL, Baduel C, Toms LML, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hobson P, Broomhall S, Mueller JF. Use of pooled samples to assess human exposure to parabens, benzophenone-3 and triclosan in Queensland, Australia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:77-83. [PMID: 26368661 PMCID: PMC5537729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, benzophenone-3 and triclosan are common ingredients used as preservatives, ultraviolet radiation filters and antimicrobial agents, respectively. Human exposure occurs through consumption of processed food and use of cosmetics and consumer products. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary characterisation of exposure to selected personal care product chemicals in the general Australian population. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n=24 pools of 100). Concentrations of free and total (sum of free plus conjugated) species of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben, benzophenone-3 and triclosan were quantified using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry; with geometric means 232, 33.5, 60.6, 4.32, 61.5 and 87.7ng/mL, respectively. Age was inversely associated with paraben concentration, and females had concentrations approximately two times higher than males. Total paraben and benzophenone-3 concentrations are significantly higher than reported worldwide, and the average triclosan concentration was more than one order of magnitude higher than in many other populations. This study provides the first data on exposure of the general Australian population to a range of common personal care product chemical ingredients, which appears to be prevalent and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Heffernan
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - C Baduel
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - L M L Toms
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - A M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - X Ye
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Taringa, QLD, Australia.
| | - S Broomhall
- The Department of Environment, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - J F Mueller
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Delmaar C, Bokkers B, ter Burg W, Schuur G. Validation of an aggregate exposure model for substances in consumer products: a case study of diethyl phthalate in personal care products. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2015; 25:317-23. [PMID: 25352161 PMCID: PMC4408489 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As personal care products (PCPs) are used in close contact with a person, they are a major source of consumer exposure to chemical substances contained in these products. The estimation of realistic consumer exposure to substances in PCPs is currently hampered by the lack of appropriate data and methods. To estimate aggregate exposure of consumers to substances contained in PCPs, a person-oriented consumer exposure model has been developed (the Probabilistic Aggregate Consumer Exposure Model, PACEM). The model simulates daily exposure in a population based on product use data collected from a survey among the Dutch population. The model is validated by comparing diethyl phthalate (DEP) dose estimates to dose estimates based on biomonitoring data. It was found that the model's estimates compared well with the estimates based on biomonitoring data. This suggests that the person-oriented PACEM model is a practical tool for assessing realistic aggregate exposures to substances in PCPs. In the future, PACEM will be extended with use pattern data on other product groups. This will allow for assessing aggregate exposure to substances in consumer products across different product groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Delmaar
- Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 0 302744371. Fax: +31 0 302744475.E-mail:
| | - Bas Bokkers
- Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter ter Burg
- Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlienke Schuur
- Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Consumption of cosmetic products by the French population. First part: Frequency data. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:159-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
48
|
Manová E, von Goetz N, Hungerbuehler K. Aggregate consumer exposure to UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate via personal care products. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:249-257. [PMID: 25454242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are substances designed to protect our skin from UV-induced damage and can be found in many categories of personal care products (PCPs). The potential endocrine-disrupting effects attributed to UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) are being debated. We evaluated the aggregate exposure of the Swiss-German population (N=1196; ages ≤1-97years) to EHMC via the use of PCPs; thus we provide the first comprehensive information about the current EHMC exposure sources and aggregate exposure levels. In our probabilistic modeling method performed at an individual level, PCP use data obtained by a postal questionnaire were linked to concentration data on EHMC gained from chemical analyses of PCPs used by the questionnaire respondents. The modeled median and 99.9th percentile of the internal aggregate exposure for the general population were 0.012 and 0.873mgday(-1)kg(-1) and 0.008 and 0.122mgday(-1)kg(-1) for the summer/autumn and winter/spring period, respectively. The major contributors to internal aggregate exposure were sunscreen products in summer/autumn (females: 64%; males: 85%; children aged ≤12years 93%). In winter/spring, lip care dominated for females (30%) and sunscreen for males (38%) and children aged ≤12years (50%). Overall, the internal aggregate exposure estimates for the studied population are shown to be below the Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) for EHMC i.e., the level of exposure above which humans should not be exposed; however, when an intense short-term exposure via sunscreen is accounted for during a sunbathing day, at the high-end percentiles (99.9th) the predicted aggregate exposure exceeds the DNEL for thyroid-disrupting effects such as for children aged ≤4years, who might be particularly susceptible to endocrine disrupting events. It is nevertheless critical to acknowledge that quantitative data on transdermal penetration of EHMC from PCPs are currently insufficient. Since long-term effects of endocrine disruptors are not known, future studies are warranted to provide accurate quantitative data on transdermal penetration of EHMC and to determine its metabolic fate in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Manová
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
English K, Healy B, Jagals P, Sly PD. Assessing exposure of young children to common endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home environment: a review and commentary of the questionnaire-based approach. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 30:25-49. [PMID: 25719288 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure, there is an absence of comprehensive exposure data for this age group. As young children spend the majority of their time indoors, improved methods of exposure assessment are needed to characterise the health risks from exposures in the home environment. Biologic assessment, which has been considered the gold standard for exposure assessment in recent years, is difficult to conduct in young children. Questionnaires are an alternative and indirect method of predicting exposure, which may overcome some of the limitations of direct exposure assessment. RESEARCH PROBLEM The feasibility of using a questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of young children to EDCs in the home has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, there is no one questionnaire that has been validated for predicting the exposure of infants to common EDCs in the home. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to discuss the use and validation of the questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of children to chemicals from three common classes of EDCs in the home, namely, plasticisers, flame retardants, and insecticides. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire-based approach as well as the important pathways of exposure in the home environment, by which to guide the design and validation of future exposure questionnaires. RESULTS The findings from our review indicate that the questionnaire-based approach is a valuable tool in the prediction of exposure to persistent organic pollutants, as well as to toxicants that have consistent patterns of exposure. With improvements to the design and validation process, the questionnaire-based approach may also prove to be a reliable instrument in predicting exposure to EDCs with short-half lives, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides.
Collapse
|
50
|
Manová E, von Goetz N, Hungerbühler K. Ultraviolet filter contact and photocontact allergy: consumer exposure and risk assessment for octocrylene from personal care products and sunscreens. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1368-74. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Manová
- Safety and Environmental Technology Group; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. von Goetz
- Safety and Environmental Technology Group; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - K. Hungerbühler
- Safety and Environmental Technology Group; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|