1
|
Nascimento MDM, Marques A, Ferrari G, Gouveia ÉR, Ihle A. Longitudinal Associations Between Cognition and Grip Strength, Differentiated by Sex and Physical Activity: A Population-Based Study in Older Adults From 17 European Countries. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241273252. [PMID: 39139082 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241273252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Objectives (1) To investigate longitudinal associations between grip strength (GS) and cognition over 4 years in European older adults, (2) to examine differences in temporal associations between men and women and between levels of physical activity, (3) to explore in each year 2015 and 2019 associations between GS quartiles and cognitive performance, and (4) to explore longitudinal associations between GS quartiles (year 2015) and cognitive performance (year 2019). Methods: 25,281 individuals (14,200 women) from 17 European countries aged ≥50 years responded to waves 6th and 8th of the SHARE project. We analyzed GS, a general cognition index, and physical activity level. Results: Panel analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship over 4 years between GS and cognition, with differences between sex, as well as between participants with moderate-to-vigorous and low physical activity levels. Conclusion: Women and participants with low physical activity were more likely to experience cognitive performance deficits 4 years later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
- Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adilson Marques
- Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile(USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Laboratory for Robotics and Engineering System (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nyawornota VK, Adamba C, Tay DA, Nyanyofio OC, Muomah RC, Chukwuorji JC, Nwonyi SK, Malete L, Joachim D, Ocansey RT. Self-perception of health and physical activity levels among the youth and adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1298378. [PMID: 38873289 PMCID: PMC11169886 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions led to decreased physical activity levels and poorer health globally. However, most studies on this topic have focused on advanced countries, leaving a gap in understanding the impact in countries like Ghana. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing self-perceived health status and physical activity levels among youth and adults in Ghana before, during, and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing public health interventions and policies to promote well-being during and beyond the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey using online data collection methods was conducted, involving 937 participants. Data included demographic information, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Analysis was done using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression. Results Most participants (89.6%) reported good health. Male participants were significantly more likely to engage in moderate (1.78 times) and high (3.17 times) physical activity during the COVID-19 period compared to females. Conclusion This study highlights gender disparities in physical activity levels during the pandemic in Ghana. Addressing these disparities and promoting healthier lifestyles, especially during crises, is crucial for general and mental health. Further research should explore socio-demographic factors' role in health behaviors during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clement Adamba
- Department of Educational Studies and Leadership, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Doris Akosua Tay
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Oscar C. Nyanyofio
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rosemary C. Muomah
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - JohnBosco C. Chukwuorji
- Department of Educational Studies and Leadership, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Sampson K. Nwonyi
- Department of Psychology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Leapetswe Malete
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Reginald T. Ocansey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kung CSJ, Steptoe A. Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308697121. [PMID: 38648476 PMCID: PMC11067447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308697121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later (November/December 2020) in the pandemic. Social isolation is defined using an index including marital status, social contact, and social participation in 2018/19. Using mixed models, we compare changes in well-being, health, health behaviors, financial well-being, and Internet use, between isolated and nonisolated participants. From before to during the pandemic, isolated participants (29%) experienced smaller declines in life satisfaction and quality of life and a smaller increase in loneliness. They showed greater declines in smoking and physical activity and were more likely to remain worried about their future financial situation. They also did not change in their likelihood of regular Internet use, contrasting with nonisolated participants who increased in this regard. The groups followed a similar trend for general health and sleep quality (no change), depression and anxiety (increase), and expectations of future financial difficulties (decrease). Although isolated older adults generally show poorer outcomes than their socially connected counterparts, they were somewhat protected during the pandemic on some fronts. Our findings highlight the need to continually care for isolated older adults but also to be attentive in times of unexpected crises to those experiencing extreme changes related to necessary policy responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claryn S. J. Kung
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lindeman K, Karavirta L, Eronen J, Kajan N, Portegijs E, Rantanen T. Physical Activity Changes From Before to During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Finland. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:198-206. [PMID: 38016452 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare community-dwelling older adults' physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 restrictions in 2020 to their PA levels 2 years before and investigate associations between earlier physical performance and PA levels over the follow-up. Participants' (n = 809, initial age 75-85 years) self-reported PA was assessed at baseline in 2017-2018 and May/June 2020 as total weekly minutes of walking and vigorous PA. Physical performance was assessed at baseline using the maximal handgrip strength and Short Physical Performance Battery tests. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a median change in total weekly minutes of walking and vigorous PA among all participants was + 20.0 (interquartile range: -60.0 to 120.0, p < .001) min per week compared with 2 years earlier. Higher baseline Short Physical Performance Battery total scores were associated with higher total weekly minutes of walking and vigorous PA over the follow-up in men and women, and better handgrip strength in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lindeman
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Eronen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Kajan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Center of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castelletti C, Dolz Del Castellar B, Miret M, Mercier H, Lara E. Loneliness and Subjective Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 158:403-427. [PMID: 38466316 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2319172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, unprecedented measures were implemented, such as community lockdowns. With limited social interactions, the problem of loneliness might have worsened. As loneliness is thought to have a detrimental effect on subjective wellbeing (SWB), the present systematic review aims to better investigate and summarize the existing evidence about the association of loneliness and SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 18 articles were included. In all studies, independently of the component of wellbeing assessed or of the instrument used, a negative association between loneliness and SWB was found. The results show an increase in loneliness during times of restrictions on social contacts, with a subsequent association with lower SWB, and underscore the need for developing specific interventions to tackle loneliness and for promoting alternative forms of social interaction if further physical distancing measures are needed. However, the literature had several limitations, since most of the studies followed cross-sectional and descriptive methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Castelletti
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa)
| | | | - Marta Miret
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
| | | | - Elvira Lara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du M, Liu M, Wang Y, Qin C, Liu J. Global burden of sleep disturbances among older adults and the disparities by geographical regions and pandemic periods. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101588. [PMID: 38225953 PMCID: PMC10788304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older adults. We aimed to evaluate sleep heath during COVID-19 pandemic and assess the differences among geographical regions and pandemic periods. We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) to find articles up to March 12, 2023. We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sleep disturbances among adults aged 60 years or older in any setting. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature and retrieved the data. We used Der Simonian-Laird random effects meta-analyses to pool the data, followed by subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. A total of 64 studies with 181,224 older adults during the pandemic were included. The prevalence of poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, long sleep duration, and insomnia symptoms were 47.12% (95% CI: 25.97%, 68.27%), 40.81% (95% CI: 18.49%, 63.12%), 31.61% (95% CI: 24.83%, 38.38%), and 21.15% (95% CI: 15.30%, 27.00%), respectively. The prevalence of sleep problems reported by self-constructed items was 26.97% (95% CI: 20.73%, 33.22%). When compared to America (64.13%), Europe (20.23%) and the Western Pacific (21.31%) showed a lower prevalence of sleep problems (all P < 0.0001). The prevalence of worsened sleep problems was 27.88% (95% CI: 11.94%, 43.82%). Compared to 2020 (15.14%), it increased to 47.42% in 2021 (P < 0.05). Eight studies on sleep disturbances among 672 older COVID-19 patients were included. The prevalence of sleep problems and insomnia symptoms among older COVID-19 patients were 41.58% (95% CI: 21.97%, 61.20%) and 41.56% (95% CI: 28.11%, 58.02%), respectively. A significant burden related to poor sleep has been observed among older adults worldwide over the past three years, with variations across different regions and time periods. It is important to make more efforts in prevention and intervention to identify the risk factors, treatment, and rehabilitation of sleep disturbances for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No.5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seo S, Mattos MK. The relationship between social support and sleep quality in older adults: A review of the evidence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105179. [PMID: 37717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep quality is crucial for the health and well-being of older adults, and social support has been consistently shown to be related to sleep quality. However, there is a need for research to understand the mechanisms through which these two factors are linked. The purpose of this review is to synthesize scientific literature on the relationship between social support and sleep quality in older adults. METHODS Using an integrative review method, this review was conducted for a period from January 2012 to November 2022 using a combination of keywords related to social support and sleep quality in older adults. RESULTS A total of 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Social support was found to have a positive relationship with subjective and objective sleep quality. It may act as both a mediator between insomnia and hopelessness and a moderator buffering the influence of rumination and negative emotions on sleep quality. CONCLUSION This review provides evidence for the positive relationship between social support and sleep quality in older adults. Based on the findings of this review, healthcare professionals should prioritize incorporating assessments of social support and implementing interventions aimed at enhancing social support in older adults to improve their sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Seo
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US.
| | - Meghan K Mattos
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US; Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Campos-Uscanga Y, Argüelles-Nava V, Mejia-Castillo A, Barradas-Landa RM, Rosas-Campos K, Narave-Moreno M. Personality, negative affectivity and emotional intelligence: gender-differentiated relationships with physical exercise. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1293310. [PMID: 38098528 PMCID: PMC10720358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1293310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise is one of the most relevant lifestyle choices for the prevention of diseases; however, participation in this type of activity remains low. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of related psychological factors in men and women. Objective To determine whether personality traits, emotional intelligence and negative affective are differentially related to physical exercise characteristics in men and women. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 579 physically active people (61.1% men) between 18 and 59 years of age. The Big Five Inventory (BFI-15p), Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (EQ-i-M20), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Results Compared with men, women exercised fewer days and minutes per week, had fewer years of participation and performed fewer different physical exercises. On the emotional intelligence scale, compared with men, women showed less stress management, adaptability and general mood but greater interpersonal intelligence. With regard to personality traits, compared with men, women showed greater openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. In males, heightened levels of general mood and extraversion were associated to a lasting commitment to physical exercise over time. Conversely, in females, depression was negatively associated with the years dedicated to physical exercise. Conclusion Distinct approaches are essential for men and women, acknowledging the varied ways psychological factors are linked to physical exercise based on gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mirei Narave-Moreno
- Institute of Public Health, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kassam K, McMillan JM. The impact of loneliness and social isolation during COVID-19 on cognition in older adults: a scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1287391. [PMID: 38045621 PMCID: PMC10690360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic required implementation of public health measures to reduce the spread of SARS CoV-2. This resulted in social isolation and loneliness for many older adults. Loneliness and social isolation are associated with cognitive decline, however, the impact of this during COVID-19 has not been fully characterized. Objective The aim of this scoping review was to explore the impact of social isolation and loneliness during COVID-19 on cognition in older adults. Eligibility criteria Eligible studies occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, enrolled older adults and reported longitudinal quantitative data on both loneliness (exposure) and cognition (outcome). Sources of evidence A comprehensive search was conducted in CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, and Psychinfo databases (updated October 10, 2023). Charting methods Studies were screened independently by two reviewers and study characteristics, including participant demographics, loneliness and cognition measurement tools, study objectives, methods and results were extracted. Results The search yielded 415 results, and seven were included in the final data synthesis. All studies were conducted between 2019 and 2023. Six studies enrolled community-dwelling individuals while the remaining study was conducted in long-term care. In 6 studies, loneliness and/or social isolation was correlated with poorer cognitive function. In the seventh study, subjective memory worsened, while objective cognitive testing did not. Conclusion Loneliness and social isolation during COVID-19 were correlated with cognitive decline in older adults. The long-term effect of these impacts remains to be shown. Future studies may focus on interventions to mitigate the effects of loneliness and social isolation during future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline M. McMillan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sánchez-González JL, Almenar-Bonet L, Moreno-Segura N, Gurdiel-Álvarez F, Atef H, Sillero-Sillero A, López-Vilella R, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Juárez-Vela R, Tejada-Garrido CI, Marques-Sule E. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Heart Failure Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7090. [PMID: 38002701 PMCID: PMC10672384 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 lockdown has been associated with reduced levels of physical activity, quality of life, and sleep quality, but limited evidence exists for its impact on heart failure patients. This study examined the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on these aspects in heart failure patients, with specific comparisons by age and sex. METHODS A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure was conducted. The assessment involved two time points: during the COVID-19 lockdown (March to June 2020) and post-lockdown (July to October 2020). A total of 107 HF patients participated, with assessments of overall PA (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), QoL (employing the Cantril Ladder of Life), and sleep quality (utilizing the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale) conducted during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. RESULTS HF patients reported lower levels of total PA (p = 0.001) and walking PA (p < 0.0001) during lockdown than after lockdown, whilst no differences were observed in QoL nor sleep quality. In addition, both younger and older patients reported lower walking PA and total PA during lockdown than after lockdown, while older patients reported lower QoL during lockdown than after lockdown. Moreover, both men and women reported lower walking PA and total PA during lockdown than after lockdown, whilst women reported lower QoL. CONCLUSIONS HF patients need improved PA programs during lockdowns, as these programs can elevate PA levels and enhance QoL, especially when faced with the risk of decompensation during health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Almenar-Bonet
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.A.-B.); (R.L.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Moreno-Segura
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Gurdiel-Álvarez
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Reha-Bilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Hady Atef
- School of Allied Health Professions (SAHP), Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Amalia Sillero-Sillero
- University School of Nursing and Physiotherapy “Gimbernat”, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Avd de la Generalitat, 202-206, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08174 Barcelona, Spain;
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Affiliated, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Vilella
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.A.-B.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Clara Isabel Tejada-Garrido
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (R.J.-V.); (C.I.T.-G.)
| | - Elena Marques-Sule
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nascimento MDM, Barros NDS, Coelho JMR, Silva ABDS, Ribeiro ADS, Santos STGDR, Rodríguez AB, Ihle A. A Comparison of Cognitive Performance, Depressive Symptoms, and Incidence of Falls in Brazilian Older Women with and without a Confirmed History of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6760. [PMID: 37754619 PMCID: PMC10531152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to compare cognitive performance, depressive symptoms, and the incidence of falls in Brazilian older women with and without a confirmed history of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study included 188 women (60-89 years), divided into two groups: one with a history of COVID-19 (n = 139), and one without any history of COVID-19 (n = 49). The instruments used were the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) test battery, the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the self-reported history of falls since the beginning of mandatory confinement. The higher the age, the higher the incidence of falls. The highest prevalence of falls (57.1%) occurred in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.001), the members of which also indicated a better cognitive performance in the COGTEL test (p = 0.017), TMT-B (p = 0.004), and ∆TMT (B-A) (p = 0.004). In turn, the depressive symptoms were more severe in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). We observed that COVID-19 infection without hospitalization did not affect the cognitive performance of older adult women. Future studies should be carried out to monitor the mental health of older adult Brazilian women. Moreover, regardless of their history of COVID-19, older adults should participate in a physical training program focused on preventing falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Naiara de Souza Barros
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil;
| | - Josiane Maria Rodrigues Coelho
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil; (J.M.R.C.); (A.d.S.R.); (S.T.G.d.R.S.)
| | | | - Adriane de Souza Ribeiro
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil; (J.M.R.C.); (A.d.S.R.); (S.T.G.d.R.S.)
| | | | | | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong K, Garneau J, Grenier S, Vasiliadis HM, Dang-Vu TT, Dialahy IZ, Gouin JP. Insomnia symptoms among older adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Sleep Health 2023; 9:560-566. [PMID: 37380593 PMCID: PMC10292661 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify sociodemographic, psychological, and health factors related to trajectories of insomnia symptoms in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS From May 2020 to May 2021, 644 older adults (mean age = 78.73, SD = 5.60) completed telephone-administered self-reported measures (ie, Insomnia Severity Index, consensus sleep diaries, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Post-Traumatic Checklist, perceived health threat, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and provided sociodemographic data at 4 timepoints. Using the Insomnia Severity Index score at each timepoint, group-based trajectory modeling was conducted to identify groups with distinct insomnia trajectories. RESULTS On average, there was no significant change in insomnia symptoms over time. Three groups with distinct sleep trajectories were identified: clinical (11.8%), subthreshold (25.3%), and good sleepers (62.9%). Older adults who were younger, male, had elevated psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, perceived more SARS-CoV-2 health threat, spent more time in bed, and had shorter sleep duration during the first wave of the pandemic were more likely to belong to the clinical than to the good sleepers group. Those who were younger, female, had elevated psychological distress and PTSD symptoms, greater loneliness, spent more time in bed, and had reduced sleep duration during the first wave were more likely to belong to the subthreshold than to the good sleepers group. CONCLUSIONS Over 1 in 3 older adults experienced persistent subthreshold or clinically significant insomnia symptoms. Both sleep-related behaviors as well as general and COVID-19-related psychological factors were associated with insomnia trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Gong
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - James Garneau
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Grenier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isaora Zefania Dialahy
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gouin
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabrizi N, Lak A, Moussavi.A SMR. Green space and the health of the older adult during pandemics: a narrative review on the experience of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1218091. [PMID: 37601191 PMCID: PMC10433209 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1218091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is an inevitable process that leads to changes in various dimensions of older adult life, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. Unfortunately, older adults are more susceptible to health problems caused by adverse experiences such as the Corona outbreak. Aim The current study examines the lived experience of older adults in facing the conditions of the Corona epidemic to see how green spaces at various scales can influence the physical and mental health of this group. Method Relevant articles published, from 2019 to February 17, 2023, were searched using in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies published in English and all studies passed a quality evaluation. Result In the final search, 40 articles were selected and analyzed. The majority of studies conducted during the pandemic categorized the impact of green spaces on the health of older adults into three main categories: Place-based attribute, Process, and Function. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that people were using private green spaces (gardens, balconies, etc.), small local green public spaces, sitting and gathering spaces in the neighborhood, nearby open spaces, and urban green-blue spaces throughout the epidemic era. They visited green spaces outside the city and urban areas, including urban gardens, agricultural areas, forestlands, and pastures. In this research, we investigated the characteristics of these spaces and classified them into four physical categories: urban landscape, land use, activity, movement, and accessibility. The results showed that exposure to nature or green space improved physical and mental health and increased attention and decision-making quality in older people. We have proposed design implications recommendations for crises to improve safety, security, and social capital by increasing the safe access of older adults to diverse and high-quality green spaces on different scales, which will ultimately enhance the physical and mental health of people in different age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Lak
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park S, Kim HJ, Kim S, Rhee SY, Woo HG, Lim H, Cho W, Yon DK. National Trends in Physical Activity Among Adults in South Korea Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2009-2021. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2316930. [PMID: 37273204 PMCID: PMC10242425 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance There is a lack of comprehensive data on the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with the prevalence of physical activity in large-scale data sets. Objective To investigate long-term trends in physical activity using information from a nationally representative survey covering 2009 to 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants This general population-based and repeated cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2021 using the Korea Community Health Survey, a nationally representative survey in South Korea. Data from 2009 to 2021 for 2 748 585 Korean adults were obtained through a nationwide, large-scale, serial study. Data were analyzed from December 2022 through January 2023. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic onset. Main Outcomes and Measures The trend of sufficient aerobic physical activity was measured by prevalence and mean metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score based on World Health Organization physical activity guidelines and defined as 600 MET-min/wk or greater. The cross-sectional survey included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), region of residence, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption level, stress status, physical activity level, and history of diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Results Among 2 748 585 Korean adults (738 934 aged 50-64 years [29.1%] and 657 560 aged ≥65 years [25.9%]; 1 178 869 males [46.4%]), the prevalence of sufficient physical activity did not change significantly during the prepandemic period (β difference, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4). During the pandemic, the prevalence of sufficient physical activity decreased significantly, from 36.0% (95% CI, 35.9% to 36.1%) in 2017 to 2019 to 30.0% (95% CI, 29.8% to 30.2%) in 2020 and 29.7% (95% CI, 29.5% to 29.9%) in 2021. Trends showed decreases in the prevalence of sufficient physical activity among older adults (ages ≥65 years; β difference, -16.4; 95% CI, -17.5 to -15.3) and younger adults (ages 19 to 29 years; β difference, -16.6; 95% CI, -18.1 to -15.0) during the pandemic. In particular, the trend of sufficient physical activity declined during the pandemic in females (β difference, -16.8; 95% CI, -17.6 to -16.0), individuals in urban residences (β difference, -21.2; 95% CI, -22.2 to -20.2), healthy participants (eg, those with normal BMI, 18.5 to 22.9: β difference,-12.5; 95% CI, -13.4 to -11.7), and individuals at increased risk of stress (eg, history of a depressive episode; β difference, -13.7; 95% CI, -19.1 to -8.4). Prevalence trends in mean MET score were similar to those in the main results; total mean MET score decreased from the 2017 to 2019 period (1579.1 MET-min/wk; 95% CI, 1567.5 to 1590.7 MET-min/wk) to the 2020 to 2021 period (1191.9 MET-min/wk; 95% CI, 1182.4 to 1201.4 MET-min/wk. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that the national prevalence of physical activity was stable or consistent before the pandemic period, with a marked decrease during the pandemic, particularly among healthy individuals and subgroups at increased risk of negative outcomes, including older adults, females, urban residents, and those with depressive episodes. Future studies may be needed to evaluate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Wonyoung Cho
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiong G, Wang C, Ma X. The Relationship between Physical Activity and Mental Depression in Older Adults during the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Mixed Model with Mediating and Moderating Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3225. [PMID: 36833928 PMCID: PMC9965109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found a strong relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults. Despite this, the social isolation, limited physical activity, and decreased social interactions caused by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic control measures of "home isolation and reduction unnecessary travel" had a significant mental impact on older adults. OBJECTIVE the goal of this study was to look into the complex effects of physical activity participation on mental health in older adults during COVID-19 prevention and control and the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults through the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of social support. METHODS The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Center for Streaming Depression Scale (CES-D), the Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to assess 974 older adults in five urban areas of Chengdu, China. The SPSS was used to analyze the collected data using mathematical statistics, linear regression analysis, and the AMOS to construct the research model. RESULTS The study's findings revealed that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults (β = -0.101, 95%CI (-0.149, -0.058)), and social support moderated the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults (t = -9.144, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity reduces psychological depressive symptoms in older adults and modulates psychological depression in older adults via the mediation efficacy of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Xiong
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Physical Education, Handan University, Handan 056005, China
| | - Xiujie Ma
- School of Wushu, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chinese Guoshu Academy, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pilotto A, Custodero C, Palmer K, Sanchez-Garcia EM, Topinkova E, Polidori MC. A multidimensional approach to older patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a position paper of the Special Interest Group on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS). Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:33-41. [PMID: 36656486 PMCID: PMC9851592 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has been a dramatic trigger that has challenged the intrinsic capacity of older adults and of society. Due to the consequences for the older population worldwide, the Special Interest Group on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) took the initiative of collecting evidence on the usefulness of the CGA-based multidimensional approach to older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A narrative review of the most relevant articles published between January 2020 and November 2022 that focused on the multidimensional assessment of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Current evidence supports the critical role of the multidimensional approach to identify older adults hospitalized with COVID-19 at higher risk of longer hospitalization, functional decline, and short-term mortality. This approach appears to also be pivotal for the adequate stratification and management of the post-COVID condition as well as for the adoption of preventive measures (e.g., vaccinations, healthy lifestyle) among non-infected individuals. CONCLUSION Collecting information on multiple health domains (e.g., functional, cognitive, nutritional, social status, mobility, comorbidities, and polypharmacy) provides a better understanding of the intrinsic capacities and resilience of older adults affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The EuGMS SIG on CGA endorses the adoption of the multidimensional approach to guide the clinical management of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pilotto
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Katie Palmer
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Topinkova
- Department of Geriatrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress-Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Richardson CD, Roscoe H, Green E, Brooks R, Barnes L, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Impact of COVID-19 policies on perceptions of loneliness in people aged 75 years and over in the cognitive function and aging study (CFAS II). J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:463-473. [PMID: 36370425 PMCID: PMC9877735 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures have profoundly impacted society and social contact patterns, with older people disproportionately affected. Concerns have been raised about a resulting pandemic of loneliness in older people, although the current evidence is mixed. This study provides a unique perspective on the prevalence of loneliness in a population cohort of older people before the pandemic, followed up after the introduction of social restrictions. METHODS Data analysis was conducted using Wave 3 of the longitudinal Cognitive Function and Aging Study II (2018-2019) and a sub-study focusing on experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). The sample comprised 379 adults aged over 75 living in Cambridge, Newcastle, and Nottingham. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of prevalent loneliness, adjusted for confounding covariates, during the pandemic. The prevalence of loneliness during the pandemic was compared to loneliness in 2018-2019. RESULTS Prevalence of loneliness in this sample during the pandemic was 25.1% (95% CI 20.9%-29.7%) compared to 17.2% (95% CI 13.7%-21.3%) in 2018-2019 (χ2 = 14.1, p < 0.01). Variables associated with increased odds of prevalent loneliness included: prior loneliness, living alone, female gender, living in an area of higher deprivation, frequent pre-pandemic social contact at community groups, and separation from family during the pandemic, adjusted for age and sex. Weekly technology-mediated contact using telephone or video calls was associated with lower odds of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 recovery plans should address loneliness in older people. Target groups should include those who have previously been lonely, people who live alone, those living in deprived areas, and those who had previously been socially active through community groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor D. Richardson
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University, Newcastle Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Hannah Roscoe
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustSt Helens, MerseysideUK
| | - Emma Green
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health & Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, Worts CausewayCambridgeUK
| | - Racheal Brooks
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health & Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, Worts CausewayCambridgeUK
| | - Linda Barnes
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health & Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, Worts CausewayCambridgeUK
| | - Fiona E. Matthews
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University, Newcastle Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Carol Brayne
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health & Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, Worts CausewayCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Maio Nascimento M, da Silva Neto HR, de Fátima Carreira Moreira Padovez R, Neves VR. Impacts of Social Isolation on the Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults During Quarantine: A Systematic Review. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:648-668. [PMID: 36322620 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2141166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review articles that reported the impacts of social isolation on the physical and mental health of healthy older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) quarantine. METHODS Electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and BIREME databases. It included cohort and cross-sectional studies published between January 2020 and January 2022 which evaluated the impacts of social isolation on the physical and mental health of older adults during quarantine. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021269720). RESULTS Out of 8,505 studies identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria, with moderate to excellent quality. The majority of the older population perceived changes in their physical and mental health. Impacts differed in cohorts according to sex, age group, income, social participation, exercising before and during confinement, and living alone or with other people. CONCLUSIONS The long period of social isolation dictated by the COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in most older adults`, reducing levels of physical activity and/or generating depression, anxiety, fear, and mood problems. Follow-up studies are necessary to observe the evolution of these impacts. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Public policies must be developed to promote the emotional and physical health of the older adult population in the post-pandemic period.
Collapse
|
19
|
Limongi F, Siviero P, Trevisan C, Noale M, Catalani F, Ceolin C, Conti S, di Rosa E, Perdixi E, Remelli F, Prinelli F, Maggi S. Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1166815. [PMID: 37124253 PMCID: PMC10134452 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256378) and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The major databases and gray literature were systematically searched from inception to 28/05/2021 to identify observational studies evaluating sleep changes in the general population during the lockdown with respect to the pre-lockdown period. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken for studies reporting (a) the means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global scores or the means of the sleep onset latency (SOL) times (minutes - min) before and during the lockdown, (b) the percentages of poor sleep quality before and during the lockdown, or (c) the percentages of changes in sleep quality. Subgroup analysis by risk of bias and measurement tool utilized was carried out. A narrative synthesis on sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, insomnia and sleep medication consumption was also performed. Results Sixty-three studies were included. A decline in sleep quality, reflected in a pooled increase in the PSQI global scores (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26; 95% CI 0.17-0.34) and in SOL (SMD = 0.38 min; 95% CI 0.30-0.45) were found. The percentage of individuals with poor sleep quality increased during the lockdown (pooled relative risk 1.4; 95% CI 1.24-1.61). Moreover, 57.3% (95% CI 50.01-61.55) of the individuals reported a change in sleep quality; in 37.3% (95% CI 34.27-40.39) of these, it was a worsening. The studies included in the systematic review reported a decrease in sleep efficiency and an increase in sleep disturbances, insomnia, and in sleep medication consumption. Discussion Timely interventions are warranted in view of the decline in sleep quality and the increase in sleep disturbances uncovered and their potentially negative impact on health. Further research and in particular longitudinal studies using validated instruments examining the long-term impact of the lockdown on sleep variables is needed. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021256378, identifier CRD42021256378.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Limongi
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Siviero
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Siviero, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-5808
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Catalani
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceolin
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Conti
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology and Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Perdixi
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology and Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Remelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors and their association with personality among adults in Qatar: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276426. [PMID: 36367860 PMCID: PMC9651556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) resulted in lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced by governments around the world. This study aimed to identify changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) and associations with personality during lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenient sample of 543 adults in Qatar completed an online questionnaire consisting of validated tools to measure adherence to MD (MEDAS questionnaire, score ranges 0–13), PA (IPAQ, assessing light, moderate high intensity PA) and personality (BFI-10, categorizing individuals’ personalities). The majority of the participants were female (89%), aged between 21 and 29 years (45%). The overall MD adherence decreased during lockdown (5.9 vs. 6.1, p < 0.001). There was an increase in olive oil (9% vs. 12%; p < 0.001), vegetables (54.3% vs. 58.7%; p = 0.005), legumes (11.8% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.007), sofrito (70.9% vs. 77.3%; p < 0.001) and fat (45.9% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.001) consumption and a decrease in fresh fruit (39.4% vs. 15.8%; p < 0.001) and fish/seafood (5.9% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.0035) consumption during lockdown. Met-min/week values of total PA (1330.5 vs. 1836.7), vigorous activity (711.5 vs. 867.4), moderate activity (208.3 vs. 301.3), and walking (410.7 vs. 668.0) all decreased during lockdown (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.010 p < 0.001, respectively), while sitting increased (3837.3 vs. 2896.4 p < 0.001). The extraversion personality dimension had a higher MD adherence (p = 0.039) compared to agreeableness before lockdown. No changes in MEDAS scores were observed during lockdown in those with high levels of openness. Openness was positively associated with all PA (p = 0.027), including walking (p = 0.026), and negatively associated with sitting (p = 0.038) before lockdown, while participants with high scores for neuroticism were less likely to be sitting during lockdown (p = 0.042). The findings can be used to guide the development of appropriate personality-tailored lifestyle interventions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Impact of Daycare Service Interruption during COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Functions and Nutrition in Older People with Dementia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091744. [PMID: 36141355 PMCID: PMC9498727 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated changes of cognitive, physical, and nutritional status before and after the interruption and resumption of daycare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in older dementia people in a daycare center. Comprehensive geriatric assessment data were analyzed before and after the lockdown of daycare center services, including mini-mental state examination, activities of daily living (ADL) scores, mini-nutritional assessment-short forms (MNA-SF), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests. Among 19 dementia people participating in daycare services, 17 participants were enrolled in the study with, finally, two excluded because of incomplete follow-ups. They had a median age of 81 years; their MNA-SF scores and TUG values deteriorated significantly after a 3-month closure of daycare services (p < 0.05), and after resumption of daycare services the MNA-SF scores and TUG values recovered to near the pre-lockdown levels (p < 0.05). Besides, baseline ADL scores predicted a decline and recovery of TUG and MNA-SF values. Our findings suggest that planning continuous support for older dementia adults is important for daycare facilities during COVID-19 pandemic confinement.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ernst M, Niederer D, Werner AM, Czaja SJ, Mikton C, Ong AD, Rosen T, Brähler E, Beutel ME. Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022; 77:660-677. [PMID: 35533109 PMCID: PMC9768682 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and measures aimed at its mitigation, such as physical distancing, have been discussed as risk factors for loneliness, which increases the risk of premature mortality and mental and physical health conditions. To ascertain whether loneliness has increased since the start of the pandemic, this study aimed to narratively and statistically synthesize relevant high-quality primary studies. This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (ID CRD42021246771). Searched databases were PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library/Central Register of Controlled Trials/EMBASE/CINAHL, Web of Science, the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database, supplemented by Google Scholar and citation searching (cutoff date of the systematic search December 5, 2021). Summary data from prospective research including loneliness assessments before and during the pandemic were extracted. Of 6,850 retrieved records, 34 studies (23 longitudinal, 9 pseudolongitudinal, 2 reporting both designs) on 215,026 participants were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was estimated using the risk of bias in non-randomised studies-of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD, Hedges' g) for continuous loneliness values and logOR for loneliness prevalence rates were calculated as pooled effect size estimators in random-effects meta-analyses. Pooling studies with longitudinal designs only (overall N = 45,734), loneliness scores (19 studies, SMD = 0.27 [95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.40], Z = 4.02, p < .001, I 2 = 98%) and prevalence rates (8 studies, logOR = 0.33 [0.04-0.62], Z = 2.25, p = .02, I 2 = 96%) increased relative to prepandemic times with small effect sizes. Results were robust with respect to studies' overall RoB, pseudolongitudinal designs, timing of prepandemic assessments, and clinical populations. The heterogeneity of effects indicates a need to further investigate risk and protective factors as the pandemic progresses to inform targeted interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sara J. Czaja
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Mikton
- Department of Social Determinants of Health, Division of Healthier Populations, World Health Organization
| | - Anthony D. Ong
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tony Rosen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Al-Abdi T, Heraclides A, Papageorgiou A, Philippou E. The Effect of Personality on Chrononutrition during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Qatar. Nutrients 2022; 14:2725. [PMID: 35807905 PMCID: PMC9268339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on people's lives worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of personality on chrononutrition during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenient sample of 543 adults in Qatar completed an online questionnaire using validated tools to assess personality and chrononutrition behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Participants scoring high in openness were more likely to eat at night (mean difference (MD) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.72) compared to those scoring high in agreeableness, while those scoring high in extraversion and openness had a shorter eating window (MD = -76.6, 95%CI: -146.3, -6.93 and MD = -29.8, 95%CI: -56.5, -3.01, respectively). Participants high in extraversion had longer evening latency (MD = 66.3, 95%CI: 25.4, 107.3) and evening eating (MD = -62.0, 95%CI: -114.0, -9.0) compared those high in agreeableness. Participants high in conscientiousness showed evidence of first eating event misalignment during the weekend (MD = 22.0, 95%CI: 0.15, 43.9) and last eating event misalignment during weekdays (MD = -27.8, 95%CI: -47.3, -8.41) compared to those high in agreeableness. Lastly, participants high in openness showed evidence of eating window misalignment during the weekend (MD = 30.6, 95%CI: 5.01, 56.2). This study suggests that personality traits can inform personalized nutritional approaches when aiming for healthy habits during unexpected periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Al-Abdi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexandros Heraclides
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Alexia Papageorgiou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Woolley CSC, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Schoenebeck JJ, Clements DN. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of Labrador retrievers in England. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:246. [PMID: 35751072 PMCID: PMC9233325 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected the welfare and health of dogs due to surges in adoptions and purchases, changes in the physical and mental health and financial status of dog owners, changes in dogs' lifestyle and routines and limited access to veterinary care. The aims of this study were to investigate whether COVID-19 restrictions were associated with differences in Labrador retrievers' lifestyle, routine care, insurance status, illness incidence or veterinary attendance with an illness, who were living in England and enrolled in Dogslife, an owner-based cohort study. Longitudinal questionnaire data from Dogslife that was relevant to the dates between the 23rd of March and the 4th of July 2020, during COVID-19 restrictions in England, were compared to data between the same dates in previous years from 2011 to 2019 using mixed regression models and adjusted chi-squared tests. RESULTS Compared with previous years (March 23rd to July 4th, 2010 to 2019), the COVID-19 restrictions study period (March 23rd to July 4th 2020) was associated with owners reporting increases in their dogs' exercise and worming and decreases in insurance, titbit-feeding and vaccination. Odds of owners reporting that their dogs had an episode of coughing (0.20, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92) and that they took their dogs to a veterinarian with an episode of any illness (0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.76) were lower during the COVID-19 restrictions compared to before. During the restrictions period, owners were less likely to report that they took their dogs to a veterinarian with certain other illnesses, compared to before this period. CONCLUSIONS Dogslife provided a unique opportunity to study prospective questionnaire data from owners already enrolled on a longitudinal cohort study. This approach minimised bias associated with recalling events prior to the pandemic and allowed a wider population of dogs to be studied than is available from primary care data. Distinctive insights into owners' decision making about their dogs' healthcare were offered. There are clear implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions for the lifestyle, care and health of dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S C Woolley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United States.
| | - Ian G Handel
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United States
| | - B Mark Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Schoenebeck
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United States
| | - Dylan N Clements
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
García-Garro PA, Aibar-Almazán A, Rivas-Campo Y, Vega-Ávila GC, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Martínez-Amat A, Afanador-Rodríguez MI, Hita-Contreras F. Factors Associated with the Level of Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Colombian People during Lockdown in Response to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1050. [PMID: 35742101 PMCID: PMC9223190 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, mandatory confinement was declared, which generated a decrease in the practice of physical activity (PA). Based on this problem, it was proposed to study the associations between PA in relation to depressive symptoms, quality of sleep, and the quality of life of middle-aged people who work in the university context during compulsory confinement as a result of COVID-19. (2) Methods: A total of 336 middle-aged people (48 ± 6.67) participated in this analytical cross-sectional study. The variable levels of PA, quality of sleep, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionary (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), and the SF-12v2 questionnaire, respectively. (3) Results: A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between the level of PA and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.053), total sleep duration (OR = 0.495), sleep disturbances (OR = 2.414), quality of sleep (OR = 2.471), use of sleep medication (OR = 0.348), daytime dysfunction (OR = 1.809), general health (OR = 0.949), and physical functioning (OR = 0.987). (4) Conclusions: In middle-aged people, during compulsory confinement, being insufficiently active is a risk for depressive symptoms and disturbances in sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alexandra García-Garro
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Gloria Cecilia Vega-Ávila
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
| | - María Isabel Afanador-Rodríguez
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guo P, Benito Ballesteros A, Yeung SP, Liu R, Saha A, Curtis L, Kaser M, Haggard MP, Cheke LG. COVCOG 1: Factors Predicting Physical, Neurological and Cognitive Symptoms in Long COVID in a Community Sample. A First Publication From the COVID and Cognition Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:804922. [PMID: 35370617 PMCID: PMC8968323 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.804922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first emergence in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evolved into a global pandemic. Whilst often considered a respiratory disease, a large proportion of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms, and there is accumulating evidence for neural damage in some individuals, with recent studies suggesting loss of gray matter in multiple regions, particularly in the left hemisphere. There are a number of mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection may lead to neurological symptoms and structural and functional changes in the brain, and it is reasonable to expect that many of these may translate into cognitive problems. Indeed, cognitive problems are one of the most commonly reported symptoms in those experiencing "Long COVID"-the chronic illness following COVID-19 infection that affects between 10 and 25% of patients. The COVID and Cognition Study is a part cross-sectional, part longitudinal, study documenting and aiming to understand the cognitive problems in Long COVID. In this first paper from the study, we document the characteristics of our sample of 181 individuals who had experienced COVID-19 infection, and 185 who had not. We explore which factors may be predictive of ongoing symptoms and their severity, as well as conducting an in-depth analysis of symptom profiles. Finally, we explore which factors predict the presence and severity of cognitive symptoms, both throughout the ongoing illness and at the time of testing. The main finding from this first analysis is that that severity of initial illness is a significant predictor of the presence and severity of ongoing symptoms, and that some symptoms during the initial illness-particularly limb weakness-may be more common in those that have more severe ongoing symptoms. Symptom profiles can be well described in terms of 5 or 6 factors, reflecting the variety of this highly heterogenous condition experienced by the individual. Specifically, we found that neurological/psychiatric and fatigue/mixed symptoms during the initial illness, and that neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiopulmonary/fatigue symptoms during the ongoing illness, predicted experience of cognitive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panyuan Guo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sabine P. Yeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arka Saha
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn Curtis
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Haggard
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janovský V, Piorecký M, Včelák J, Mrissa M. Measuring the Physical Activity of Seniors before and during COVID-19 Restrictions in the Czech Republic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030460. [PMID: 35326938 PMCID: PMC8949355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social workers require a better understanding of the impact of pandemic measures on the level of physical activity of their clients to better target client activation. In this retrospective tracker-based study (two years of measurement), we examined changes in the physical activity of the elderly population (204 participants with an average age of 84.5 years) in the Czech Republic as a result of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Physical activity was statistically compared according to the physical, demographic and social conditions of the participants. In addition to observing the expected activity decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic, we made several hypotheses based on the sex, age group, body mass index, type of housing (apartment or house) and size of the city of residence. We found that 33% of the 204 participants had increased levels of physical activity in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Central Europe. We found that the size of the city where the seniors lived and the type of housing did not affect the general level of physical activity. When comparing physical acquisition rates in each month of 2019 and 2020, we saw the largest declines in April and May 2020, that is, one month after the start of the lockdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Janovský
- University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Piorecký
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Včelák
- University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech Republic
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Michael Mrissa
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technology, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wunsch K, Kienberger K, Niessner C. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2250. [PMID: 35206434 PMCID: PMC8871718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid-19) in late 2019, governments increasingly imposed containment strategies, including social distancing as well as restricted population movement, potentially having negative impacts on mental and physical health. A growing number of studies have examined the impact of the pandemic on different facets of physical activity (PA); an overview combining these (mixed) results, however, is missing. Thus, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether and to which extent PA changed from before to during the Covid-19 pandemic, taking age, gender, and measurement method into account. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results of the main characteristics were descriptively synthesized and analyzed in a meta-analysis quantifying effects of the pandemic on PA divided by age groups, with additional subgroup analyses of the characteristics age, gender, and measurement method being narratively synthesized. Overall, 57 studies with a total sample size of 119,094 participants (N between 10 and 60,560 subjects) from 14 countries worldwide with participants aged between four and 93 years were included. Thirty-two studies revealed a significant decline in PA, whereas only five studies found a significant increase in PA during the Covid-19 pandemic. Fourteen studies revealed mixed results. PA decreased in all age groups, independent of gender. Most self-reported and all device-based measurement methods showed a reduction in PA. However, effects were not found to be significant in all age groups. Nevertheless, the declining trend should be noted and governments should strive to enable PA within periods of pandemic restrictions, or promote alternatives such as digital training to avoid negative health consequences within the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.K.); (C.N.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Robinson E, Sutin AR, Daly M, Jones A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:567-576. [PMID: 34600966 PMCID: PMC8578001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 275.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in mental health problems have been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives were to examine the extent to which mental health symptoms changed during the pandemic in 2020, whether changes were persistent or short lived, and if changes were symptom specific. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies examining changes in mental health among the same group of participants before vs. during the pandemic in 2020. RESULTS Sixty-five studies were included. Compared to pre-pandemic outbreak, there was an overall increase in mental health symptoms observed during March-April 2020 (SMC = .102 [95% CI: .026 to .192]) that significantly declined over time and became non-significant (May-July SMC = .067 [95% CI: -.022 to .157]. Compared to measures of anxiety (SMC = 0.13, p = 0.02) and general mental health (SMC = -.03, p = 0.65), increases in depression and mood disorder symptoms tended to be larger and remained significantly elevated in May-July [0.20, 95% CI: .099 to .302]. In primary analyses increases were most pronounced among samples with physical health conditions and there was no evidence of any change in symptoms among samples with a pre-existing mental health condition. LIMITATIONS There was a high degree of unexplained heterogeneity observed (I2s > 90%), indicating that change in mental health was highly variable across samples. CONCLUSIONS There was a small increase in mental health symptoms soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that decreased and was comparable to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020 among most population sub-groups and symptom types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kasuga A, Yasumoto S, Nakagawa T, Ishioka Y, Kikuchi A, Inagaki H, Ogawa M, Hori N, Masui Y, Choe H, Muto H, Kabayama M, Godai K, Ikebe K, Kamide K, Ishizaki T, Gondo Y. Older Adults' Resilience Against Impact of Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221116226. [PMID: 35937277 PMCID: PMC9350500 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults were expected to experience a decline in physical activities and an increase in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We investigated the changes in living conditions of 508 older adults (79.70 years ± 0.88) before (from July to December 2019) and during (in August 2020) the pandemic. We compared the mean score for the same individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), frequency of going out, exercise, and social interaction at two-time points. We also examined the influence of living arrangement (living alone or not) on the frequency of exercise and social interaction. Results The frequency of going out decreased during the pandemic (in 2020); however, there was no significant change in IADL. The frequency of exercise and social interaction increased irrespective of the living arrangement. The frequency of exercise increased more in those living alone. Conclusions Although older adults refrained from going out, they compensated for the risks of inactivity in daily life by increasing or maintaining their frequency of exercise and social interactions. The view that "older adults have a poor ability to accommodate the lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic" may be a stereotypical assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Hori
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Larson EA, Bader-Larsen KS, Magkos F. The Effect of COVID-19-related Lockdowns on Diet and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1935-1947. [PMID: 34881078 PMCID: PMC8612611 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Anne Larson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kekäläinen T, Sipilä S, Saajanaho M, Kokko K. The role of personality traits in leisure time physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 182:111080. [PMID: 35722447 PMCID: PMC9189433 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Udeh-Momoh CT, Watermeyer T, Sindi S, Giannakopoulou P, Robb CE, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Zheng B, Waheed A, McKeand J, Salman D, Beaney T, de Jager Loots CA, Price G, Atchison C, Car J, Majeed A, McGregor AH, Kivipelto M, Ward H, Middleton LT. Health, Lifestyle, and Psycho-Social Determinants of Poor Sleep Quality During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on UK Older Adults Deemed Clinically Extremely Vulnerable. Front Public Health 2021; 9:753964. [PMID: 34869170 PMCID: PMC8637825 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.753964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have assessed the impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns on sleep quality across global populations. However, no study to date has specifically assessed at-risk populations, particularly those at highest risk of complications from coronavirus infection deemed "clinically-extremely-vulnerable-(COVID-19CEV)" (as defined by Public Health England). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 5,558 adults aged ≥50 years (of whom 523 met criteria for COVID-19CEV) during the first pandemic wave that resulted in a nationwide-lockdown (April-June 2020) with assessments of sleep quality (an adapted sleep scale that captured multiple sleep indices before and during the lockdown), health/medical, lifestyle, psychosocial and socio-demographic factors. We examined associations between these variables and sleep quality; and explored interactions of COVID-19CEV status with significant predictors of poor sleep, to identify potential moderating factors. Results: Thirty-seven percent of participants reported poor sleep quality which was associated with younger age, female sex and multimorbidity. Significant associations with poor sleep included health/medical factors: COVID-19CEV status, higher BMI, arthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health disorders; and the following lifestyle and psychosocial factors: living alone, higher alcohol consumption, an unhealthy diet and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moderators of the negative relationship between COVID-19CEV status and good sleep quality were marital status, loneliness, anxiety and diet. Within this subgroup, less anxious and less lonely males, as well as females with healthier diets, reported better sleep. Conclusions: Sleep quality in older adults was compromised during the sudden unprecedented nation-wide lockdown due to distinct modifiable factors. An important contribution of our study is the assessment of a "clinically-extremely-vulnerable" population and the sex differences identified within this group. Male and female older adults deemed COVID-19CEV may benefit from targeted mental health and dietary interventions, respectively. This work extends the available evidence on the notable impact of lack of social interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep, and provides recommendations toward areas for future work, including research into vulnerability factors impacting sleep disruption and COVID-19-related complications. Study results may inform tailored interventions targeted at modifiable risk factors to promote optimal sleep; additionally, providing empirical data to support health policy development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parthenia Giannakopoulou
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E. Robb
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bang Zheng
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Waheed
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James McKeand
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Salman
- MSk Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste A. de Jager Loots
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint Price
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Atchison
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Josip Car
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison. H. McGregor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Ward
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lefkos T. Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rees-Punia E, Newton CC, Westmaas JL, Chantaprasopsuk S, Patel AV, Leach CR. Prospective COVID-19 related changes in physical activity and sedentary time and associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Ment Health Phys Act 2021; 21:100425. [PMID: 34611463 PMCID: PMC8483810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with psychological distress. Decreased moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased sedentary time may be exacerbating pandemic-related symptoms of anxiety and depression, but existing studies exploring these associations are almost entirely cross-sectional. METHODS Reported data from 2018 and Summer 2020 were used to create change categories based on compliance with MVPA guidelines and relative sedentary time. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in Summer 2020. Associations among changes in MVPA and sedentary time (separately and jointly) with psychological distress (total PHQ-4 score) were examined with ordinal logistic regression and associations with depressive or anxiety symptoms were examined with logistic regression. RESULTS Among 2,240 participants (65% women, mean age 57.5 years), 67% increased sedentary time and 21% became inactive between the two time points. After multivariate adjustment, participants who became (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.78) or remained inactive (OR = 2.07, 1.34-3.22) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those who remained active. Participants who increased sedentary time were also more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those who maintained sedentary time (OR = 1.78, 1.13-2.81). Jointly, those who increased sedentary time while remaining (OR = 3.67, 1.83-7.38) or becoming inactive (OR = 3.02, 1.44-6.34) were much more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to the joint referent (remained active/maintained sedentary time). Associations with anxiety symptoms were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the value of promoting MVPA and limiting sedentary time during stressful events associated with psychological distress, like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rees-Punia
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - Christina C Newton
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - J Lee Westmaas
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - Sicha Chantaprasopsuk
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - Corinne R Leach
- Dept. of Population Science, American Cancer Society 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wirkner J, Christiansen H, Knaevelsrud C, Lüken U, Wurm S, Schneider S, Brakemeier EL. Mental Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious health and economic crises of the 21st century. From a psychological point of view, the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences can be conceptualized as a multidimensional and potentially toxic stressor for mental health in the general population. This selective literature review provides an overview of longitudinal studies published until June 2021 that have investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the European population. Risk and protective factors identified in the studies are summarized. Forty-two studies that met inclusion and search criteria ( COVID-19, mental health, longitudinal, and Europe) in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases indicate differential effects of the pandemic on mental distress, depression, and anxiety, depending on samples and methods used. Age-specific (e.g., young age), social (e.g., female, ethnical minority, loneliness), as well as physical and mental health-related factors (e.g., pre-pandemic illness) were identified as risk factors for poor mental health. The studies point to several protective factors such as social support, higher cognitive ability, resilience, and self-efficacy. Increasing evidence supports the assumption of the pandemic being a multidimensional stressor on mental health, with some populations appearing more vulnerable than others, although inconsistencies arise. Whether the pandemic will lead to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders is an open question. Further high-quality longitudinal and multi-national studies and meta-analyses are needed to draw the complete picture of the consequences of the pandemic on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wirkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrike Lüken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurm
- Department for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu B, Qiao K, Lu Y. The Relationship Between Perceived Stress, State-Trait Anxiety, and Sleep Quality Among University Graduates in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:664780. [PMID: 34603119 PMCID: PMC8484744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relationship among perceived stress, state-trait anxiety, and sleep quality of graduates to provide a reference for improving their psychological status and attitude adjustment of job-searching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in a descriptive cross-sectional online survey between May 2020 and August 2020. The data were collected from 1,200 participants by using the personal information form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, the Perceived Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Among the surveyed participants, 47.67% were female, and 10.92% were medical students. The mean perceived stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and sleep quality were moderate and found as 31.4±6.69, 46.67±5.80, 49.45±5.54, and 5.94±2.47, respectively. The detection rates of state anxiety and trait anxiety were 48.63 and 49.50%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of state anxiety and trait anxiety among different genders and majors (p >0.05). The detection rate of state anxiety and trait anxiety of rural family students was higher than that of urban family students (p <0.01). The score on the PSQI was positively associated with the scores on the perceived stress, state anxiety, and trait anxiety scales (p <0.001 for each model). Sleep quality was associated with increased perceived stress, state anxiety, and trait anxiety among graduates in China. Collectively, the study revealed the relationship between perceived stress, state-trait anxiety, and sleep quality among university graduates in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results offer novel practical implications for all circles of the society to ensure students' health under the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Liu
- School of Marxism, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Freiberg A, Schubert M, Romero Starke K, Hegewald J, Seidler A. A Rapid Review on the Influence of COVID-19 Lockdown and Quarantine Measures on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8567. [PMID: 34444316 PMCID: PMC8393482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preceding coronavirus outbreaks resulted in social isolation, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular consequences. Whether the current COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts cardiovascular health is unclear. The aim of the rapid review was to investigate, whether COVID-19 lockdown influences modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, smoking, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, obesity, bad blood lipids, and hypertension) in the general population. Medline and EMBASE were searched until March 2021. Title, abstracts, and full texts were screened by one reviewer and 20% by a second reviewer. Only studies using probability sampling were included in order to ensure the representativeness of the target population. Data extraction and critical appraisal were done by one reviewer and double-checked by another reviewer. We identified 32 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Findings show that physical activity decreased, and sedentary behaviour increased among all age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Among adults, alcohol consumption increased, dietary quality worsened, and the amount of food intake increased. Some adults reported weight gain. Studies on children and adolescents were sparse. This rapid review found a high number of epidemiological studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but only a few used probability sampling methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Freiberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (K.R.S.); (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdalla SM, Ettman CK, Cohen GH, Galea S. Mental health consequences of COVID-19: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of pandemic-related stressors and anxiety disorders in the USA. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044125. [PMID: 34373289 PMCID: PMC8354762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis. SETTING A nationally representative sample in the USA between 31 March and 13 April 2020. PARTICIPANTS 1450 English-speaking adult participants in the AmeriSpeak Panel. AmeriSpeak is a probability-based panel designed to be representative of households in the USA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of probable generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) using the GAD-7 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) using the four-item PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) checklist. Both outcomes were stratified by demographics and COVID-19-related stressors. RESULTS The majority of participants were female (51.8%), non-Hispanic white (62.9%) and reported a household saving of $5000 or more. Those between 18 and 29 years old were the largest age group (38.1%) compared with 40-59 years (32.0%) and 60 years or more (29.9%). The prevalence of probable GAD was 10.9% (95% CI 9.1% to 13.2%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 21.7% (95% CI 19.1% to 24.6%). Among participants reporting five or more COVID-19-related stressors, the prevalence of probable GAD was 20.5% (95% CI 16.1% to 25.8%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 35.7% (95% CI 30.2% to 41.6%). Experiencing five or more COVID-19-related stressors was a predictor of both probable GAD (OR=4.5, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.8) and PTSS (OR=3.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of probable anxiety disorders in the USA, as the COVID-19 pandemic and policies implemented to tackle it unfolded, is higher than estimates reported prior to the pandemic and estimates reported following other mass traumatic events. Exposure to COVID-19-related stressors is associated with higher prevalence of both probable GAD and PTSS, highlighting the role these stressors play in increasing the risk of developing anxiety disorders in the USA. Mitigation and recovery policies should take into account the mental health toll the pandemic had on the USA population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Abdalla
- Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine K Ettman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Gregory H Cohen
- Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kekäläinen T, Hietavala EM, Hakamäki M, Sipilä S, Laakkonen EK, Kokko K. Personality Traits and Changes in Health Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis from Pre-pandemic to Onset and End of the Initial Emergency Conditions in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7732. [PMID: 34360025 PMCID: PMC8345535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures targeting the transmission of the virus impacted everyday life in 2020. This study investigated pre- to in-pandemic changes in health behaviors and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of personality traits in these changes in Finland. Data from a larger population-based cohort study of 51-59-year-old Finnish women were used (n = 358). Self-reported questionnaires gathered information about depressive symptoms, eating behavior, physical activity, and alcohol consumption before the pandemic time, at the onset, and at the end of the COVID-19 emergency conditions. Information about personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) and sociodemographic factors was available from the pre-pandemic baseline. Women reported more depressive symptoms and unhealthier eating habits at the end of the emergency conditions compared to the pre-pandemic time. An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with changing to unhealthier eating habits. Higher extraversion was associated with a perceived decrease in alcohol consumption and with changing to healthier eating habits. Women with higher neuroticism reported changing to either healthier or unhealthier eating habits. In general, some women reported healthier lifestyle changes while other women reported the opposite. Personality traits help to understand these individual differences in adaptation to the pandemic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.-M.H.); (S.S.); (E.K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Enni-Maria Hietavala
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.-M.H.); (S.S.); (E.K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Matti Hakamäki
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.-M.H.); (S.S.); (E.K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.-M.H.); (S.S.); (E.K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.-M.H.); (S.S.); (E.K.L.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lingelbach K, Piechnik D, Gado S, Janssen D, Eichler M, Hentschel L, Knopf D, Schuler M, Sernatinger D, Peissner M. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health Based on a German Online Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:655083. [PMID: 34307274 PMCID: PMC8296300 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.655083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Background: To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, public health actions have changed the everyday life with an inevitable impact on individuals and their social life. Since intact (socio-)psychological functioning and mental health are protective factors contributing to the immune system and preventing diseases, it is crucial to identify individuals with increased vulnerability. Methods: We conducted a German online survey from April until August 2020 investigating health-related, social, behavioral, and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and seventy three adults participating in the survey were analyzed (39.9% male, age: M = 44.81±13.31). We explored effects on mental health by (a) clustering participants in two clusters and (b) analyzing the clusters using correlations and regression models. Results: Participants belonged either to a cluster characterized by higher general well-being or to a more concerned cluster depending on their responses. The correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relation between age and well-being with younger participants revealing higher depression scores in the concerned cluster. Furthermore, multiple regression models revealed that the number of risk factors only has a significant influence on psychological well-being in the concerned but not in the comfortable cluster. Conclusion: We found that especially participants at (a) younger age and (b) greater risk of a severe course of disease reported reduced mental well-being and seemed to be weakened in their psychological protective factors in our sample. These insights allow to provide tailored recommendations for preventive and immediate actions to promote psychological well-being and reduce stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lingelbach
- Fraunhofer IAO, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Piechnik
- Fraunhofer IAO, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gado
- Fraunhofer IAO, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Doris Janssen
- Fraunhofer IAO, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Eichler
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leopold Hentschel
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Peissner
- Fraunhofer IAO, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Taylor AM, Page D, Okely JA, Corley J, Welstead M, Skarabela B, Redmond P, Russ TC, Cox SR. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health, and lifestyle in Scottish octogenarians: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253153. [PMID: 34138930 PMCID: PMC8211159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about effects of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health and lifestyle in older adults, particularly those aged over 80 years, despite the risks posed by COVID-19 to this age group. METHODS Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 members, residing mostly in Edinburgh and the surrounding Lothians regions in Scotland, mean age 84 years (SD = 0.3), responded to an online questionnaire in May 2020 (n = 190). We examined responses (experience and knowledge of COVID-19; adherence to guidance; impact on day-to-day living; social contact; self-reported physical and mental health; loneliness; and lifestyle) and relationships between previously-measured characteristics and questionnaire outcomes. RESULTS Four respondents experienced COVID-19; most had good COVID-19 knowledge (94.7%) and found guidance easy to understand (86.3%). There were modest declines in self-reported physical and mental health, and 48.2% did less physical activity. In multivariable regression models, adherence to guidance by leaving the house less often associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.51-0.98) and poorer self-rated general health (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.42-0.92). Increased internet use associated with female sex (OR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.12-4.86) and higher general cognitive ability (OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.03-2.33). Loneliness associated with living alone (OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.07-0.31) and greater anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.76, 95%CI 0.45-1.24). COVID-19 related stress associated with lower emotional stability scores (OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.24-0.62). Decreased physical activity associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.96), and lower general cognitive ability (OR = 0.679, 95%CI 0.491-0.931). CONCLUSIONS Characteristics including cognitive function, occupational class, self-rated health, anxiety, and emotional stability, may be related to risk of poorer lockdown-related psychosocial and physical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbora Skarabela
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Background: The primary objective worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission have affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature has emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. We explored the impact of lockdown measures on six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization’s global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed. Results: Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles. At the same time, it helps us identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which, if consolidated, could improve chronic disease outcomes. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.
Collapse
|
43
|
Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Masmoudi L, Boukhris O, Chtourou H, Bouaziz B, Brach M, Bentlage E, How D, Ahmed M, Mueller P, Mueller N, Hsouna H, Elghoul Y, Romdhani M, Hammouda O, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Braakman-Jansen A, Wrede C, Bastoni S, Pernambuco CS, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Bragazzi NL, Strahler J, Washif JA, Andreeva A, Bailey SJ, Acton J, Mitchell E, Bott NT, Gargouri F, Chaari L, Batatia H, Khoshnami SC, Samara E, Zisi V, Sankar P, Ahmed WN, Ali GM, Abdelkarim O, Jarraya M, Abed KE, Moalla W, Souissi N, Aloui A, Souissi N, Gemert-Pijnen LV, Riemann BL, Riemann L, Delhey J, Gómez-Raja J, Epstein M, Sanderman R, Schulz S, Jerg A, Al-Horani R, Mansi T, Dergaa I, Jmail M, Barbosa F, Ferreira-Santos F, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Pišot S, Gaggioli A, Steinacker J, Zmijewski P, Apfelbacher C, Glenn JM, Khacharem A, Clark CC, Saad HB, Chamari K, Driss T, Hoekelmann A. Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4329. [PMID: 33921852 PMCID: PMC8073845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults. METHODS A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "pre" and "during" the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F(2, 514) = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001, R2: 0.20). CONCLUSION COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Michael Brach
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Ellen Bentlage
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniella How
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mona Ahmed
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Patrick Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Yousri Elghoul
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Omar Hammouda
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil;
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil
| | - Annemarie Braakman-Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Christian Wrede
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Sofia Bastoni
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos Soares Pernambuco
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil;
| | | | - Morteza Taheri
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; (M.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; (M.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Albina Andreeva
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Jarred Acton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emma Mitchell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nicholas T. Bott
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Faiez Gargouri
- Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lotfi Chaari
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France; (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Hadj Batatia
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France; (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Zisi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Parasanth Sankar
- Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India;
| | - Waseem N. Ahmed
- Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India;
| | - Gamal Mohamed Ali
- Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (G.M.A.); (O.A.)
| | - Osama Abdelkarim
- Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (G.M.A.); (O.A.)
- Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Wassim Moalla
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Nafaa Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Asma Aloui
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Bryan L. Riemann
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA;
| | | | - Jan Delhey
- Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Gómez-Raja
- FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain;
| | | | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Achim Jerg
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Ramzi Al-Horani
- Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Taysir Mansi
- Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Mohamed Jmail
- Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (F.F.-S.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (F.F.-S.)
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Saša Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy;
| | - Jürgen Steinacker
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Aïmen Khacharem
- UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France;
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche “Insuffisance Cardiaque”, Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie;
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar;
- Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | | |
Collapse
|