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Bicki AC, Seth D, McCulloch CE, Lin F, Ku E. Use of activity trackers to improve blood pressure in young people at risk for cardiovascular disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:2467-2474. [PMID: 38503990 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting physical activity among young individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease can lower systolic blood pressure (BP). We sought to determine whether a 6-month intervention using a physical activity tracker was feasible and effective, compared with usual care. METHODS Participants were recruited at a single academic medical center. Those aged 8-30 years were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either the intervention (use of a Fitbit physical activity tracker coupled with feedback regarding the participant's step count) or usual care. The primary feasibility outcomes were screening-to-enrollment ratio and 6-month retention rates; the primary clinical outcome was a change in systolic BP from 0-6 months. RESULTS Sixty-three participants were enrolled (57% male; mean age: 18 ± 4 years). The screening-to-enrollment ratio was 1.8:1. Six-month retention was 62% in the intervention group and 86% in the control group (p = 0.08). Mean change in systolic BP in the intervention group was not significantly different from the control group at 6 months (- 2.3 mmHg; 95% CI - 6.5, 1.8 vs. 3.0 mmHg; 95% CI - 2.5, 8.4, respectively, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Among children and young adults at elevated CVD risk, the use of a physical activity tracker coupled with tailored feedback regarding their step count progress was feasible but not sustained over time. Physical activity tracker use did not have a statistically significant effect on BP after 6 months. Augmented strategies to mitigate risk in young patients at high risk for early-onset CVD should be explored. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03325426).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Bicki
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Divya Seth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Ku
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Iverson IA, Gaudet CE, Cook NE, Iverson GL. Social Determinants of Health and Perceived Cognitive Difficulties in High School Students in the United States. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:575-585. [PMID: 38237639 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Adolescent Behavior and Experiences Survey (ABES) to examine disruption and adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and cognitive problems attributed to physical or mental health problems among high school students. METHOD The ABES was an online survey. Perceived cognitive problems were assessed with the question: "Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?" A SDoH index was created by summing endorsements to 12 variables. RESULTS Participants were 6,992 students, age 14-18, with 3,294 boys (47%) and 3,698 girls (53%). Many adolescents reported experiencing cognitive problems (i.e., 45%), with girls (56%) more likely to report cognitive difficulties than boys (33%) [χ2(1) = 392.55, p < 0.001]. Having poor mental health was strongly associated with cognitive problems in both girls [81%, χ2(1, 3680) = 650.20, p < 0.001] and boys [67%, χ2(1, 3267) = 418.69, p < 0.001]. There was a positive, linear association between the number of SDoH experienced and reporting cognitive problems. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of cognitive difficulty for both boys and girls (e.g., being bullied electronically, experiencing food insecurity during the pandemic, being treated unfairly because of their race or ethnicity, and being in a physical fight). CONCLUSIONS A strikingly high proportion of adolescents reported experiencing problems with their cognitive functioning. After adjusting for current mental health problems, several SDoH remained associated with adolescents' reported cognitive difficulties, including experiencing racism, bullying, parental job loss, and food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila A Iverson
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles E Gaudet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Nathan E Cook
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Reiss F, Cosma A, Bersia M, Erhart M, Dalmasso P, Devine J, Hulbert S, Catunda C, Gobina I, Giladi A, Jeriček Klanšček H, Ravens-Sieberer U. Adolescents perception of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health and well-being: gender, age and socioeconomic differences in 22 countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:86. [PMID: 39026340 PMCID: PMC11264767 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19-pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of adolescents worldwide. This study examined the subjective perception of the COVID-19 pandemic measures and its association with mental health and well-being (i.e., loneliness, life satisfaction and multiple health complaints) among 13- and 15-years-old adolescents from 22 countries. METHODS Data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2021/22 study were used from representative samples of 22 countries (N = 67,544; 51.9% girls). The self-perceived impact of COVID-19 measure comprised 10 items asking about the impact on several dimensions of adolescent lives (e.g., relationships with family and friends, health, or eating behaviours). Measures of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and life satisfaction were included as indicators of mental health and well-being. A non-parametric multilevel latent class analysis considering individual and country-levels was conducted to identify classes of self-perceived impact of the COVID-19 measures. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted by age and socioeconomic status were applied to assess the association between COVID-19 measure impact classes and mental health. RESULTS Three classes were identified on individual level encompassing a neutral (51%), positive (31%), or negative (18%) perception of COVID-19 measures. A third of the adolescents reported a positive impact of the pandemic measures. The distribution of classes was heterogeneous within and across countries. Within the positive COVID-19 measure impact class, social relationships were the most important dimension, whereas mental health problems were mostly represented within the negative COVID-19 measure impact class. Girls with a negative perception of pandemic measures showed higher levels of loneliness and multiple health complaints and lower life satisfaction. 15-year-old adolescents and those with a low socioeconomic status reported higher levels of loneliness and lower life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The majority of adolescents perceived the pandemic measures as neutral or positive. Girls, 15-year-old adolescents, and those with low socioeconomic status were at higher risk of suffering from pandemic measures and associated problems of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and low life satisfaction. We conclude that adolescent's mental health and well-being should be considered in the decision-making process by ensuring that the unique challenges of adolescents are adequately addressed in policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reiss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Alice-Salomon University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Janine Devine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Education and Research Unit, Childrens' Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ariela Giladi
- Faculty of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kemel PN, Porter JE, Coombs N. The benefit and limitations of an online physical activity program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative analysis of the virtual Latrobe Streetgames program. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:638-645. [PMID: 37599006 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of many physical activity programs, with many online programs being created in place to maintain physical activity engagement. This study explored the outcomes of an online physical program on its participants. METHOD A validated survey was used to explore Virtual Streetgames (VSG) participants' perceptions about their physical, mental, and social health while participating in VGS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the impact of the online format. RESULTS Many VSG participants were not achieving their daily physical activity recommendations, with a considerable portion of individuals feeling frustrated at not being able to socialise. A substantial difference was seen between adults and adolescents, with increased adult activity rates for those adults participating in VSG. Despite this influence on physical well-being, VSG did not seem to influence mental or social wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS The results give detail into how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced adolescent and young adult physical, mental, and social health, noting that the reduction of in-person contact influenced motivation for exercise. Online physical activity programs may have some positive impact in improving adult physical activity rates, but they are not as effective as face-to-face programs in improving overall well-being. SO WHAT?: The findings of this study suggest that online physical activity programs may not be as effective as face-to-face programs in improving overall well-being. Future research should explore ways to improve the social and motivational aspects of online physical activity programs to maximise their benefits for participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Kemel
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Group, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne E Porter
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Group, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Coombs
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Group, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
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Dong RB, Dou KY, Huang J, Wang R. The protective effect of physical activity on mental health of middle school students at different stages during the COVID-19 outbreak. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14783. [PMID: 38926496 PMCID: PMC11208601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to further understand the changes in physical activity level(PAL) and mental health among adolescents before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 and explore the protective role of physical activity (PA) on the mental health of adolescents during major disasters. A convenient sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The cross-sectional data from 2838 Chinese middle school students (mean age = 14.91 ± 1.71 years, 49.54% female) were used, of which 1,471 and 1,367 were in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The PAL was collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-CN), mental health status was collected using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students (MMHI-60), sociodemographic information was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, the PAL of adolescents was 2.36 ± 0.74 and 2.50 ± 0.66, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.19). The mental health scores were 1.71 ± 0.60 and 1.86 ± 0.73, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.01, 95% CI: - 0.20, - 0.10). The detection rates of mental health problems were 27.50% and 35.50%, respectively. The rates of achieving PAL standards were 30.20% and 18.00% among adolescents, while the rates of not achieving PAL standards were 39.60% and 18.00%. PA is a protective factor for the mental health of adolescents during major disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bao Dong
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kai-Yun Dou
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Graduate School of Adamson University, 0900, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jiaben Huang
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Erwin H, Schreiber S. Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise's Impact on Cognitive Functions in Eighth Grade Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:833. [PMID: 39063410 PMCID: PMC11276825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a clear connection between aerobic exercise and academic performance. There is a gap in evidence regarding anaerobic exercise and cognitive capabilities. If professionals know which type of exercise is most beneficial for enhancing cognition in youth, it will behoove them to incorporate these practices in physical education and other areas throughout the school day for students. Thus, this research aimed to answer the following question: what is the effect of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the cognitive functions of eighth grade students, specifically measuring working memory, attention, and impulsivity? Fifty research participants (N = 31 males, 18 females, 1 other), aged 13-14, consented/assented to the complete study protocols. Participants engaged in an experiment containing three different cognitive tasks after partaking in three separate exercise conditions. The cognitive measures were the Stroop color-word task, the Flanker test, and the Go/No Go task, which all measured reaction time and the number of correct responses. The exercise conditions were baseline (after no exercise), aerobic (after a continuous running activity in PE), and anaerobic (after completing an interval dumbbell workout in PE). Each condition took place on a separate day to decrease the effect of confounding variables. The data were analyzed using the Scheffe modification of the MANOVA to determine whether multiple levels of the independent variable influenced the dependent variables (the reaction time and number of correct responses) or if a combination of variables influenced the outcomes. Each cognitive test was analyzed separately. The results showed that the exercise condition did significantly impact the reaction time and the number of correct responses for the Stroop color-word task [F(4, 254) = 8.59, p < 0.001; Pillai's Trace = 0.24]. Specifically, aerobic exercise improved both reaction time (p < 0.001) and the number of correct responses (p = 0.001) compared to baseline, while anaerobic exercise improved just reaction time compared to baseline. To find out more detailed information about the specific dependent variable affected by the exercise program, individual ANOVA tests were conducted, resulting in statistical significance for both the number of correct responses and reaction time regarding the program. The partial Eta2 of 0.07 for the number of correct responses and 0.24 for reaction time indicated that 7% of the variance in correct responses and 24% of the variance in reaction time could be explained by the exercise program. While both are significant, reaction time is more impacted by exercise program than correct responses are. Given these findings, it is recommended that aerobic physical activity be offered in school prior to assigning cognitively challenging tasks, while quick anaerobic activity breaks should be used to refocus students' attention. More research should be conducted to examine other cognitive abilities, as well as in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Erwin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, College of Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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López-Iracheta R, Martín Calvo N, Moreno-Galarraga L, Moreno Villares JM. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on children´s sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, and diet. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 38967311 DOI: 10.20960/nh.05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND this study aimed to assess how the COVID-19 lockdown (March to June 2020) affected children's sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, and nutrition. MATERIAL AND METHODS the survey consisted of 479 children from the SENDO project, a pediatric cohort in Spain, aged 4-5 years. The BEAR questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality. Hierarchical models with two-level clustering were used to account for intra-cluster correlation between siblings, and the difference regression method was used to study the association between changes in screen consumption and physical activity and changes in sleep quality. RESULTS the results showed an increase in the consumption of homemade pastries and snacks. Sleep quality worsened significantly during confinement, with a mean score on the BEAR scale of 0.52 before, 1.43 during, and 1.07 after confinement. Although sleep quality improved significantly after the end of confinement, it remained worse than before. The average daily screen time increased from 1.13 hours before confinement to 2.65 hours during confinement. Physical activity decreased during confinement, with the mean number of hours per day decreasing from 1.27 to 0.79. Children who spent more time on screens during confinement had worse sleep quality, as indicated by their higher scores on the BEAR scale. We used the difference regression method to identify a statistically significant association between the increased screen time for leisure hours and the worsening of children's sleep quality during confinement. CONCLUSION we observed a significant relationship between confinement and reduced sleep quality. Although the end of the lockdown led to a slight improvement, the average BEAR scale score remained higher post-confinement, suggesting that the consequences of the lockdown may persist over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nerea Martín Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad de Navarra
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Kuu S, Noormets J, Rääsk T, Pedak K, Saaron V, Baskin K, Port K. Comparison of Estonian Schoolchildren's Physical Activity and Fitness Indicators before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic's Period of Restricted Mobility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:744. [PMID: 38928990 PMCID: PMC11203990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
It is recognized that the time adolescents spend on physical activity, and the corresponding physical fitness indicators, have diminished over time. However, the exact impact of the COVID-19 pandemic restriction period on physical activity and health-related physical fitness indicators remains unclear. This study sought to determine if and to what degree the primary indicators of physical activity (exercise frequency, exercise intensity, and outdoor physical activity) and health-related physical fitness (strength and endurance) among schoolchildren have shifted, by comparing data from before and after the coronavirus pandemic period. Students aged 12-17 years took part in the study. The physical activity questionnaire and fitness tests were conducted in the autumn of 2017 and spring of 2022. The main results show that moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity time and time spent actively outdoors have decreased among adolescents (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in exercise frequency (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant decline in strength (standing broad jump, bent arm hang) (p < 0.05) and endurance (20 m shuttle run, curl-up) (p < 0.01) when comparing results from before and after the COVID-19 pandemic restriction period. In conclusion, restricted mobility had the greatest impact on the time spent outdoors and, in turn, on physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Kuu
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.N.); (T.R.); (K.P.); (V.S.); (K.P.)
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Li Y, Zhao G, Su L, Fu J, Sun S, Chen R, Chen D, Hu X, Jiang T, Shen F. The "supercompensation" effect of children's lockdown during COVID-19: based on the analysis of changes in physical activity, sleep, and psychology. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1522. [PMID: 38844937 PMCID: PMC11154994 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the "supercompensation" effect of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown by comparing the changes in physical activity (PA), psychological, and sleep indicators before and after the lockdown. METHODS A total of 127 children (aged 3-6 years) were recruited. Before and after the lockdown, the children's PA levels were measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and their psychological and sleep indicators were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), respectively. RESULTS Regarding PA, the children's total physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, and medium-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were higher after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with significant differences in MVPA (p < 0.05). Regarding psychology, the children's SDQ and multidimensional scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a significant difference in SDQ scores (p < 0.05). Regarding sleep, the children's CSHQ scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a highly significant difference in CSHQ scores (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION After lockdown, children's PA, psychological, and sleep effects were "supercompensated." In particular, the PA of preschoolers before, during, and after the lockdown may show a "baseline-inhibition-supercompensation" process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Li
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guanggao Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Liqiang Su
- School of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027, China
| | - Jinmei Fu
- Jiangxi Sports Science Medicine Centre, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shunli Sun
- Jiangxi Sports Science Medicine Centre, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Delong Chen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tianle Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Fanchao Shen
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Stevens WR, Roberts H, Lopez C, Tulchin-Francis K. COVID-19 Stay-at-home mandates impacts daily ambulatory bout intensity and duration in elementary school-aged children: A wearable sensor based analysis. Gait Posture 2024; 111:126-131. [PMID: 38678931 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major changes to how daily life was conducted. Health officials instituted policies to decelerate the spread of the virus, resulting in changes in physical activity patterns of school-aged children. The aim of this study was to utilize a wearable activity monitor to assess ambulatory activity in elementary-school aged children in their home environment during a COVID-19 Stay-at-Home mandate. METHODS This institutional review board approved research study was performed between April 3rd - May 1st of 2020 during which health officials issued several stay-at-home (shelter-in-place) orders. Participant recruitment was conducted using a convenience sample of 38 typically developing children. Participants wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor for one week and data were downloaded and analyzed to assess global ambulatory activity measures along with ambulatory bout intensity/duration. For comparison purposes, SAM data collected before the pandemic, of a group of 27 age-matched children from the same region of the United States, was included. Statistical analyses were performed comparing SAM variables between children abiding by a stay-at-home mandate (Stay-at-Home) versus the Historical cohort (alpha=0.05). RESULTS Stay-at-Home cohort took on average 3737 fewer daily total steps compared to the Historical cohort (p<0.001). Daily Total Ambulatory Time (TAT), across all days was significantly lower in the Stay-at-Home cohort compared to the Historical cohort (mean difference: 81.9 minutes, p=0.001). The Stay-at-Home cohort spent a significantly higher percentage of TAT in Easy intensity ambulatory activity (mean difference: 2%, p<0.001) and therefore a significantly lower percentage of TAT in Moderate+ intensity (mean difference: 2%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The stay-at-home mandates resulted in lower PA levels in elementary school-aged children, beyond global measures to also bout intensity/duration. It appears that in-person school is a major contributor to achieving higher levels of PA and our study provides additional data for policymakers to consider for future decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Roberts
- Scottish Rite for Children, TX, USA; Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
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Ricci J, Johnson-Shelton D, Westling E. Preliminary Program Evaluation of Pocket PE 3-5™, A User-Friendly Digital Application for Teacher Skills Training and Physical Education Activities for Third- to Fifth-Grade Elementary Students. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:606-615. [PMID: 38565167 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, many classroom teachers also teach physical education (PE). However, there is a dearth of evidence- and standard-based PE programs designed to support classroom teachers to deliver PE effectively in schools. METHODS The purpose of this study was to establish proof-of-concept for the Pocket PE 3-5 digital app in school settings with 10 third- to fifth-grade classroom teachers. We assessed fidelity of program implementation, measured via observations of PE quality. Students used wrist-worn heart rate monitors during Pocket PE 3-5 lessons to measure time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Program feasibility was primarily assessed through teacher-reported surveys of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability and exit interviews. RESULTS Mean PE observation scores were 18.6 (SD = 1.5) on a scale of 5 to 20. On average, students spent 56.7% (SD = 13.1%) of class time engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Mean survey scores, reported on a 5-point scale, were 4.5 (SD = 0.6) for acceptability, 4.8 (SD = 0.4) for usability, and 4.7 (SD = 0.7) for satisfaction. Teachers liked how easy the app was to use but mentioned some technological challenges. CONCLUSIONS This program evaluation study established the proof-of-concept for the Pocket PE 3-5 elementary school PE program.
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Mata JD, Patrick AL, Tchandja JN, Haydu LE, Hogan KK, Kasper KB, Trigg SD, Butler CR. Anthropomorphic and Physical Fitness Characteristics of United States Air Force Basic Military Training: Special Warfare Versus Nonspecial Warfare Recruits, Fiscal Year 2019-2023. Cureus 2024; 16:e63391. [PMID: 39077236 PMCID: PMC11284510 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Each year, thousands of individuals enlist in the Department of the Air Force (DAF), with some seeking to become DAF Special Warfare (SW) candidates. This study aimed to compare the anthropomorphic and physical fitness characteristics between these groups during fiscal years (FYs) 2019-2023. METHODS The sample includes male candidates below the age of 30 who attended the DAF basic military training (BMT) from FY2019 to 2023 (N = 119,415). Initial physical fitness testing was conducted during week 1 of BMT. Physical fitness results, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were compared between the two cohorts. A two-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the effects of group (SW and non-SW) and FY on mean anthropomorphic and physical fitness test variables. Dependent variables were evaluated for homogeneity of variance using Levene's test and for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Tukey-Kramer test was employed for post hoc analyses with a threshold for statistical significance of α < 0.05. RESULTS The cohort of SW recruits displayed superior physical fitness results across all FYs (p < 0.001) with the exception of FY2021. They were significantly taller and heavier, and had a higher BMI when compared to non-SW DAF BMT recruits (p < 0.001). Mean values for maximum push-ups and sit-ups for SW recruits were significantly lower in FY2021 (p < 0.001) and not significantly different from non-SW recruits. Additionally, run times for both SW- and non-SW-bound recruits during FY2022 and FY2023 were significantly slower than previous years. CONCLUSIONS These findings can be used to establish a baseline for anthropometric and physical fitness profiles of incoming SW and non-SW DAF BMT recruits that may inform clinicians, human performance professionals, and military training leaders with information necessary to guide future research and physical fitness policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mata
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, United States Air Force, San Antonio, USA
| | - Amanda L Patrick
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, United States Air Force, San Antonio, USA
| | - Juste N Tchandja
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, United States Air Force, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Kathleen K Hogan
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, United States Air Force, San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | - Cody R Butler
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, United States Air Force, San Antonio, USA
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13
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Johnson SB, Kuehn M, Lambert JO, Spin JP, Klein LM, Howard B, Sturner R, Perrin EM. Developmental Milestone Attainment in US Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:586-594. [PMID: 38648043 PMCID: PMC11036311 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of young children, but the association between the pandemic and any changes in early childhood developmental milestone achievement in the US remains unclear. Objectives To determine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in developmental screening scores among US children aged 0 to 5 years and to investigate whether caregivers self-reported more worries about their children or concerns about children's behavior during the pandemic, regardless of milestone achievement. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study using an interrupted time series analysis comparing prepandemic (March 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020), interruption (March 1 to May 31, 2020), and intrapandemic (June 1, 2020, to May 30, 2022) periods among 50 205 children (randomly sampled from a population of 502 052 children) aged 0 to 5 years whose parents or caregivers completed developmental screening at pediatric visits at US pediatric primary care practices participating in a web-based clinical process support system. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic period. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-standardized Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ) domain scores (communication, personal-social, problem-solving, gross motor, fine motor), and rate of caregivers' concerns about the child's behavior or worries about the child as measured on the ASQ. Results A total of 50 205 children (25 852 [51.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 18.6 [16.0] months) and 134 342 ASQ observations were included. In adjusted models, significant age-specific mean score decreases from prepandemic to intrapandemic were observed in communication (-0.029; 95% CI, -0.041 to -0.017), problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.030 to -0.006), and personal-social (-0.016; 95% CI, -0.028 to -0.004) domains. There were no changes in fine or gross motor domains prepandemic to intrapandemic. For infants aged 0 to 12 months, similar effect sizes were observed but only for communication (-0.027; 95% CI, -0.044 to -0.011) and problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.035 to -0.001). After accounting for age-standardized ASQ scores, caregiver worries about the child increased slightly in the intrapandemic period compared with the prepandemic period (rate ratio, 1.088; 95% CI, 1.036-1.143), but there were no changes in caregiver concerns about the child's behavior. While changes in developmental screening scores were modest (2%-3%), nationwide, this could translate to more than 1500 additional recommended developmental referrals over baseline each month. Conclusions and Relevance Modest changes in developmental screening scores are reassuring in the short term but may tax an already overburdened developmental behavioral pediatrics infrastructure. Continued attention to developmental surveillance is critical since the long-term population- and individual-level implications of these changes are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Molly Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer O. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lauren M. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- CHADIS, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raymond Sturner
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Promotion of Child Development Through Primary Care, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Carson V, Zhang Z, Boyd M, Potter M, Li J, Kuzik N, Hunter S. Moderators of movement behaviour changes among Canadian toddlers and preschoolers throughout the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 38815592 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Primary objectives were to examine: (1) changes in movement behaviours (i.e., outdoor play (OP), organized physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep) across the first 2 years of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among Canadian toddlers and preschoolers, and (2) intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy moderators of change in movement behaviors. Participants were 341 Canadian parents of children (start of study: 1-4 years; 48% female). Participants completed online questionnaires regarding their children's movement behaviours and intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors at five time-points before and throughout the pandemic (T1-T5). Data from government websites were also used for some community and policy factors. Linear mixed models were conducted. Compared to pre-COVID-19 (T1): OP was on average 30 min/day higher at T2 and T3; organized PA was on average 62, 44, and 37 min/day lower at T2, T3, and T4, respectively; ST was on average 67, 17, 38, and 52 min/day higher at T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively; and sleep was on average 30, 36, and 82 min/day lower at T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Significant moderating variables were observed for OP (parental education, parental work inside home, COVID-19 restriction severity), organized PA (children's sex, started kindergarten, nonparental care, parental education, household income, parental employment status, house type, indoor home space and support for PA), ST (nonparental care, parental marital status) and sleep (children's T1 age group, started kindergarten, parental place of birth, parental employment status). All movement behaviors changed across the first 2 years of COVID-19 but patterns and moderators were behaviour-specific. Children from lower socioeconomic status families had the least optimal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Madison Boyd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Morgan Potter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Li
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario - Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Nyawornota VK, Adamba C, Tay DA, Nyanyofio OC, Muomah RC, Chukwuorji JC, Nwonyi SK, Malete L, Joachim D, Ocansey RT. Self-perception of health and physical activity levels among the youth and adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1298378. [PMID: 38873289 PMCID: PMC11169886 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions led to decreased physical activity levels and poorer health globally. However, most studies on this topic have focused on advanced countries, leaving a gap in understanding the impact in countries like Ghana. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing self-perceived health status and physical activity levels among youth and adults in Ghana before, during, and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing public health interventions and policies to promote well-being during and beyond the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey using online data collection methods was conducted, involving 937 participants. Data included demographic information, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Analysis was done using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression. Results Most participants (89.6%) reported good health. Male participants were significantly more likely to engage in moderate (1.78 times) and high (3.17 times) physical activity during the COVID-19 period compared to females. Conclusion This study highlights gender disparities in physical activity levels during the pandemic in Ghana. Addressing these disparities and promoting healthier lifestyles, especially during crises, is crucial for general and mental health. Further research should explore socio-demographic factors' role in health behaviors during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clement Adamba
- Department of Educational Studies and Leadership, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Doris Akosua Tay
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Oscar C. Nyanyofio
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rosemary C. Muomah
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - JohnBosco C. Chukwuorji
- Department of Educational Studies and Leadership, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Sampson K. Nwonyi
- Department of Psychology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Leapetswe Malete
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Reginald T. Ocansey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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16
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Husu P, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Kokko S, Villberg J, Vasankari T. Physical activity has decreased in Finnish children and adolescents from 2016 to 2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1343. [PMID: 38762462 PMCID: PMC11102264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying trends in children's and adolescents' physical activity (PA) have been reported during the last 10-20 years. Trends in sedentary behavior (SB) have been studied only rarely. The purpose of the present study was to describe population-based trends in accelerometer-measured PA, standing and SB, among Finnish 7-15-year-old children and adolescents, and to evaluate the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these behaviors. METHOD A cross-sectional population-based Finnish school-aged physical activity Study (FSPA) measured daily steps, vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, and SB by an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in 2016, 2018, and 2022 (n = 7.080, 57% girls). The data was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS In 2016, participants took on average 10.305 steps per day, and spent 0:15 (h: min) in VPA, 1:37 in MPA, 1:52 in MVPA, 3:48 in LPA, 0:55 in standing and 7:52 in SB. From 2016 to 2018, daily steps, MPA, LPA, and standing increased [229 steps (95% Confidence Interval, CI 70-387), 0:03 (CI 0:01 - 0:04), 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), and 0:07 (CI 0:05 - 0:08), respectively], while VPA and SB decreased [0:01 (CI 0:00-0:02) and 0:20 (CI 0:16 - 0:24), respectively]. From 2018 to 2022, daily PA and standing declined [751 steps (CI 562-939), VPA 0:02 (CI 0:01 - 0:03), MPA 0:09 (CI 0:07 - 0:11), MVPA 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), LPA 0:08 (CI 0:05 - 0:11), and standing 0:01 (CI 0:01 - 0:03)] while SB increased 0:21 (CI 0:16 - 0:25) indicating potential influence of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents became physically less active from 2016 to 2022. The potential effects of the COVID-19 were seen as declined PA and increased sedentariness from 2018 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
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17
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Wu S, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Lv Q, Wu Q. The Optimal Cut-Off Point of Physical Activity for the Prevention of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:569. [PMID: 38790564 PMCID: PMC11119031 DOI: 10.3390/children11050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity might threaten children's current and adulthood health outcomes. Previous studies have illustrated the positive effects of physical activity on weight control; however, there is a lack of evidence on the optimal dose of physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and overweight and obesity, as well as the optimal threshold for physical activity. The median (interquartile range) and number (proportion) were used to describe the statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for an univariable analysis. The generalized additive model with a smooth function was used to depict the preliminary relationship between physical activity and overweight and obesity. The cut-off level of physical activity was identified using AddFor algorithms, and a logistic regression model was applied to explore the multivariable relationship between physical activity and overweight and obesity after adjusting for control variables. According to the statistical analyses, 24.3% of 842 children and adolescents had overweight and obesity. The average number of days that the participants engaged in more than one hour of physical activity was three days a week. The optimal cut-off level of physical activity for the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity was 4 times a week. The participants who exercised more than four times a week (AOR(95% CI) = 0.56(0.38, 0.83), p = 0.004) were less likely to be overweight and obese. In the context of the general lack of physical activity among children and adolescents, we recommend that children and adolescents engage in 60 min of physical activity more than four times a week for a healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingqing Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (S.W.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
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18
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Tonge KL, Mavilidi M, Jones RA. An updated systematic review of correlates of children's physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education services. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13265. [PMID: 38657131 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood education services (ECE) continue to be a key setting to promote physical activity and limit sedentary behaviour. Thus, the aim of this study was to (1) provide an updated systematic review of correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children in ECE settings and (2) discuss changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour correlates among children in ECEC settings over time. METHODS A systematic search of eight databases identified 40 studies published between 2015 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. The variables were categorized into four domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational). Fifty-eight variables were identified. RESULTS For data from 2015 to 2023, strong associations were identified in all domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational) for physical activity, yet no strong associations for sedentary behaviour were identified. Aggregated data (i.e., combining data from previous review and this review) showed strong associations with children's physical activity and age, motor coordination and sex (child), educator behaviour and presence (educator), presence and size of outdoor environments (physical environmental) and active opportunities and service quality (organizational). For sedentary behaviour, sex, outdoor environments and active opportunities were strongly associated in the combined data. CONCLUSION The correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in ECE settings continue to be multi-dimensional and span different domains. Variables such as educator behaviours and intentionality, provision of active opportunities, use of outdoor space and service quality should be the key focus area for improving physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Tonge
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myrto Mavilidi
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Artymiak P, Żegleń M, Kryst Ł. Analysis of Changes in Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents (11-15 Years) From Kraków (Poland) During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:500-507. [PMID: 38479374 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a threat to society worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the physical fitness of 11- to 15-year-olds during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Cross-sectional research was conducted in randomly selected schools in Kraków (Poland) during the years 2020 and 2022. The study group included 1635 adolescents aged 11-15 years. The results of fitness tests such as flexibility, standing broad jump, handgrip strength, overhead medicine ball throw, shuttle run (10 × 5 m), and 30-second sit-ups were analyzed. Body height and weight measurements were also taken. The standing broad jump and handgrip strength were normalized. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between groups using 2-way analysis of variance with the Tukey HSD post hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The test results revealed a deterioration decrease in sit-ups, standing broad jump, shuttle run, and normalized standing broad jump in both sexes. Furthermore, the test results among girls showed a decrease in overhead medicine ball throw and flexibility. An increase in test results of both sexes was noticed in handgrip strength of the right and left hand. Among boys in 2022, the results were better in the flexibility test and overhead medicine ball throw compared with their peers from 2020. CONCLUSION This study indicates a decrease in overall physical fitness in adolescents. The observed results may be associated with a decrease in physical activity, changes in nutrition, and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Artymiak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Michael SL, Li J, Sliwa S, Cornett K, Hertz M. Association Between Adolescent Self-Reported Physical Activity Behaviors and Feeling Close to People at School During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:364-375. [PMID: 38737878 PMCID: PMC9941458 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231157324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of school operations and routines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic affected students' physical and emotional well-being. Providing physical activity opportunities in schools can encourage students to positively engage with each other. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students from the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (January to June 2021), we examined the association between physical activity behaviors and feeling close to people at school using sex-stratified and race/ethnicity-stratified multiple linear regressions models. Participating in team sports, being more physically active, and attending physical education (PE) during an average week were all associated with higher levels of feeling close to people at school, with variation by sex and race/ethnicity. These associations were also significant when the physical activity behavior variables were categorized to reflect national recommendations. Daily physical activity (i.e., ≥60 minutes all 7 days), daily PE (i.e., attended all 5 days), and the number of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) components implemented were associated with higher levels of feeling close to people at school. These findings suggest that opportunities for physical activity before, during, and after school are associated with increased levels of feeling close to people at school during crises like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Michael
- Division of Population, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Sliwa
- Division of Population, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Cornett
- Division of Population, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marci Hertz
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Marcotullio C, Attanasi M, Porreca A, Di Filippo P, Matricardi S, Venanzi A, Schiavo M, Paone A, Rossi N, Chiarelli F, Prezioso G. Neuropsychological Symptoms and Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children: A Survey in a Pediatric Population in the Abruzzo Region, Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:532. [PMID: 38790527 PMCID: PMC11119843 DOI: 10.3390/children11050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected the pediatric population. Long-term sequelae (Long COVID-19) may particularly involve the central nervous system, with possible effects on psychological well-being and quality of life (QoL), aspects that were already influenced by the restrictive measures and general social impact of the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey that aims at investigating the neuropsychological effects and the QoL impairment of SARS-CoV-2 on a cohort of children and adolescents in the Abruzzo region (Italy). A questionnaire was submitted to caregivers with the help of the PEDIATOTEM platform. A control group of healthy subjects was also included to distinguish between the effects of infection from the general influence of the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 569 subjects responded: 396 COVID-19 patients (99 of whom had Long COVID-19) and 111 controls. After the pandemic, when compared with the COVID-19 group, the controls reported significantly increased appetite, sleeping habits, and time spent remotely with friends and a reduction in physical activity and time spent in person with friends. A significant higher rate of controls asked for psychological/medical support for emotional problems. On the other hand, the Long COVID-19 group showed more fatigue and emotional instability with respect to non-Long-COVID-19 subjects. No differences in QoL results (EuroQOL) were found between the COVID-19 patients and controls, while the Long-COVID-19 subgroup showed significantly higher rates of pain/discomfort and mood instability, as confirmed by the analysis of variation of responses from the pre-COVID-19 to the post-COVID-19 period. CONCLUSIONS Among COVID-19 patients, neuropsychological and QoL impairment was more evident in the Long COVID-19 subgroup, although emotional and relational issues were also reported by uninfected patients, with a growing request for specialist support as a possible consequence of social restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marcotullio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Marina Attanasi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Annamaria Porreca
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Paola Di Filippo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Matricardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Annamaria Venanzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Schiavo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Paone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Nadia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Giovanni Prezioso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (P.D.F.); (S.M.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (N.R.); (F.C.)
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22
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Kim KW, Wallander JL, Wiebe D. Associations among COVID-19 Family Stress, Family Functioning, and Child Health-Related Quality of Life through Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:483. [PMID: 38671700 PMCID: PMC11049322 DOI: 10.3390/children11040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in lasting effects on children, necessitating a thorough understanding of its impact for effective recovery planning. This study investigated the associations among COVID-19 family stress, family functioning, children's lifestyle behaviors (i.e., healthy food intake, unhealthy food intake, physical activity, and screen time), and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Data from a 2022 survey of parents with children aged 5 to 12 (mean age of boys: 8.36, mean age of girls: 7.76) in the United States through the online Prolific platform were analyzed using path analysis and gender-based multi-group analysis. The results showed an inverse relationship between family stressors and functioning (β = -0.39, p < 0.05). COVID-19 family stress was negatively related to child physical HRQOL (β = -0.20, p < 0.05) but not psychosocial HRQOL. Family functioning showed a positive relation with child healthy food intake (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) and a negative relation with unhealthy diet consumption (β = -0.27, p < 0.05), while no significant associations were found with child physical activity and screen time. Family functioning was indirectly associated with both types of HRQOL through the child's eating patterns. These relationships were more pronounced for girls. The findings point to a complex interplay between family stress and functioning, dietary habits, and the HRQOL of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly concerning girls' food intake and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay W. Kim
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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23
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Mocho H, Martins C, dos Santos R, Nunes C. Parental Involvement and Stress in Children's Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study with Portuguese Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:440. [PMID: 38671657 PMCID: PMC11049130 DOI: 10.3390/children11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Parental involvement (PI) has particular relevance on children's academic adjustment and on children's general quality of life (QoL). QoL can be influenced by parental stress, specifically the stress suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the differences during the pandemic period (before, after and with no lockdown), comparing these constructs with parental educational level to provide predictors of their children's quality of life. Data collection was performed with a non-probability convenience sampling procedure. It was composed of 129 parents, mainly women (71.8%), with children aged between 6 and 12 years. The family's sociodemographic characteristics were assessed, as well as the PI, parental stress, and children's QoL. The comparison between the three times revealed an increase in the children's QoL, but no differences were found in PI. Based on the parental educational level, as defined by academic qualifications and split into superior and non-superior levels, it is possible conclude that engagement in school activities and parents' meetings increased in the parents with superior education levels and decreased in the parents with lower education levels. This study concluded that despite this difficult and uncertain pandemic period, these parents were able to maintain important aspects of their children's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristina Nunes
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.M.); (C.M.); (R.d.S.)
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24
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Han B, Zarr R, Estrada EL, Zhong H, Cohen DA. Association Between Park Use and Moderate-to-Vigorous Activity During COVID-19 Years among a Cohort of Low-Income Youth. J Urban Health 2024; 101:300-307. [PMID: 38575726 PMCID: PMC11052949 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Neighborhood parks are important venues to support moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) activity. There has been a noticeable increase promoting physical activity among youth in neighborhood parks. This paper aims to assess the association between park use and MVPA among low-income youth in a large urban area. We recruited a cohort of 434 youth participants during the COVID pandemic years (2020-2022) from low-income households in Washington, D.C. We collected multiple data components: accelerometry, survey, and electronic health record data. We explored the bivariate relationship between the accelerometer-measured daily MVPA time outcome and survey-based park use measures. A mixed-effect model was fitted to adjust the effect estimate for participant-level and time-varying confounders. The overall average daily MVPA time is 16.0 min (SD = 12.7). The unadjusted bivariate relation between daily MVPA time and frequency of park visit is 1.3 min of daily MVPA time per one day with park visits (p < 0.0001). The model-adjusted estimate is 0.7 daily MVPA minutes for 1 day with park visit (p = 0.04). The duration of a typical park visit is not a significant predictor to daily MVPA time with or without adjustments. The initial COVID outbreak in 2020 resulted in a significant decline in daily MVPA time (- 4.7 min for 2020 versus 2022, p < 0.0001). Park visit frequency is a significant predictor to low-income youth's daily MVPA time with considerable absolute effect sizes compared with other barriers and facilitators. Promoting more frequent park use may be a useful means to improve low-income youth's MVPA outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA.
| | - Robert Zarr
- Unity Health Care, Inc, Washington, D.C, USA
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erika L Estrada
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Haoyuan Zhong
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Deborah A Cohen
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
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25
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Kim CM, Huang YH, Zhou T, Kim MJ, Youn HS. An Importance-Performance Analysis of Korean Middle School Students' Health Management Awareness during the Post-COVID-19 Era Depending on Sex. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:763. [PMID: 38610185 PMCID: PMC11012038 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct importance-performance analyses (IPAs) based on Korean middle school students' health management awareness during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Data were collected from 867 Korean middle school students (13-15 years old) via online and offline surveys between May and June 2023. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, IPA based on the entire student group, and IPA depending on sex were carried out with the collected data, which revealed the following. First, regardless of sex, the IPA results indicated that four factors of mental health were located in the third quadrant, with one factor of the same variable in the fourth quadrant. The three factors of disease management were located in the third quadrant. Regarding physical activity, two factors were located in the first quadrant, one in the second quadrant, and one in the third quadrant. Regarding sleep management, two factors were located in the second quadrant, one in the third quadrant, and one in the first quadrant. Regarding eating management, two factors were located in the third quadrant and one in the fourth quadrant. Regarding the social distancing variable, all four factors were located in the third quadrant. Regarding hygiene management, two factors were located in the first quadrant, one in the third quadrant, and one in the fourth quadrant. Furthermore, the IPA results indicated sex differences in regular sports and vigorous movement activities associated with physical activity. Additionally, a sex difference was observed in regular diet associated with eating management. This study proposed possible measures for encouraging middle school students to recognize the importance of health and increase their health-related performance during the COVID-19 endemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Min Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yi-Hang Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (T.Z.)
| | - Min-Jun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Shin Han University, Uijeongbu 11644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Youn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Won Kwang University, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea
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26
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Singh K, Armstrong SC, Wagner BE, Counts J, Skinner A, Kay M, Li JS, Shah S, Zucker N, Neshteruk C, Story M, Suarez L, Kraus WE, Zizzi AR, Dunn J. Physical activity and sleep changes among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:70. [PMID: 38493216 PMCID: PMC10944532 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Daily routines, including in-person school and extracurricular activities, are important for maintaining healthy physical activity and sleep habits in children. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines as in-person school and activities closed to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine and assess differences in objectively measured physical activity levels and sleep patterns from wearable sensors in children with obesity before, during, and after a period of school and extracurricular activity closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared average step count and sleep patterns (using the Mann-Whitney U Test) before and during the pandemic-associated school closures by using data from activity tracker wristbands (Garmin VivoFit 3). Data were collected from 94 children (aged 5-17) with obesity, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a community-based lifestyle intervention for a duration of 12-months. During the period that in-person school and extracurricular activities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children with obesity experienced objectively-measured decreases in physical activity, and sleep duration. From March 15, 2020 to March 31, 2021, corresponding with local school closures, average daily step count decreased by 1655 steps. Sleep onset and wake time were delayed by about an hour and 45 min, respectively, while sleep duration decreased by over 12 min as compared with the pre-closure period. Step counts increased with the resumption of in-person activities. These findings provide objective evidence for parents, clinicians, and public health professionals on the importance of in-person daily activities and routines on health behaviors, particularly for children with pre-existing obesity. Trial Registration: Clinical trial registration: NCT03339440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnika Singh
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke E Wagner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Counts
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asheley Skinner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Kay
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S Li
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati Shah
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Zucker
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody Neshteruk
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lilianna Suarez
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra R Zizzi
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Biostatistics, Durham, NC, USA.
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27
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Grauduszus M, Koch L, Wessely S, Joisten C. School-based promotion of physical literacy: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322075. [PMID: 38525332 PMCID: PMC10959127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of physical activity in children's healthy development is undisputed, with school-based interventions being seen as a priority. The promotion of physical literacy (PL) seems to be promising due to its holistic approach, combining physical, cognitive, and affective domains. To develop recommendations for possible measures, we compiled existing literature on existing school-based PL interventions. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and PsycInfo) were searched between July 6 and July 10, 2023, by combining the terms "physical literacy," "school," "program," "workshop," "intervention," and "curriculum" as well as a manual search. Records were screened in a two-stage process by two independent authors using a priori criteria. Eligible studies concerned PL interventions in the school context. The included records were sorted according to school type/population, structure, content, PL domains addressed, and evaluation. Results In total, 706 articles were found through the database search and an additional 28 articles through the manual search. After removing duplicates, 502 publications remained, which were screened by title and abstract, leaving 82 full texts. These were cut down to 37 articles describing 31 different programs (19 in primary schools, eight in secondary schools, one in both primary and secondary schools, and three unspecified). Most interventions were conducted during physical education classes (n = 12). All three PL domains were addressed by five interventions, while 11 interventions solely concerned the physical domain. In addition, 21 interventions evaluated their effects on PL. Most evaluations showed small to moderate but inconsistent effects on several PL-related constructs (e.g., self-efficacy, motivation, movement skills). Interventions incorporating all three domains reported positive effects on physical competence and enjoyment. Discussion Although there is a growing body of data related to school-based PL promotion, their effects and practical application remains relatively underdeveloped: study designs, study quality, PL assessments, and results are heterogeneous. Corresponding research adhering to the holistic approach of PL will be crucial in clarifying the potential lifelong role of PL in promoting physical activity, increasing health and well-being and to actually enable development of recommendations for action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart Koch
- *Correspondence: Martin Grauduszus, ; Lennart Koch,
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28
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Bucksch J, Möckel J, Kaman A, Sudeck G. Physical activity of older children and adolescents in Germany - Results of the HBSC study 2022 and trends since 2009/10. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2024; 9:62-78. [PMID: 38559682 PMCID: PMC10977466 DOI: 10.25646/11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Physical activity is central to health, beginning in childhood and adolescence, and regular monitoring provides important information for strategic decisions on promoting physical activity in Germany. Methods The current survey cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study gives an insight into the prevalence of the indicators daily recommended physical activity, high and low physical activity, and sporting activity among students aged between 11 and 15 for 2022. In addition, the data is compared to the survey cycles of the 2009/10, 2013/14, and 2017/18 school years and analysed over time. Results The results of the current survey cycle show that 10.8 % of girls, 20.9 % of boys, and 12.4 % of gender diverse adolescents fulfil the daily physical activity recommendation. There are also major gender-specific differences for the other indicators. The group of gender diverse adolescents needs to be analysed further. The changes over time between 2009/10 and 2022 are relatively small. While girls' physical activity habits decreased slightly for the various indicators between 2009/10 and 2022, boys' prevalence remained relatively stable over the same period. Conclusions Overall, in part due to the effects of the various COVID-19 lockdowns, the need for effective and population-based measures to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bucksch
- Heidelberg University of Education, Faculty of Natural and Social Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion
- Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Juliane Möckel
- Heidelberg University of Education, Faculty of Natural and Social Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion
- Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Anne Kaman
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Child Public Health Research Section
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute of Sports Science
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity
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29
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de la Guía-Galipienso F, Palau P, Berenguel-Senen A, Perez-Quilis C, Christle JW, Myers J, Haddad F, Baggish A, D'Ascenzi F, Lavie CJ, Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Being fit in the COVID-19 era and future epidemics prevention: Importance of cardiopulmonary exercise test in fitness evaluation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:84-91. [PMID: 38452909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Endurance and resistance physical activity have been shown to stimulate the production of immunoglobulins and boost the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils in the bloodstream, thereby strengthening the ability of the innate immune system to protect against diseases and infections. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) greatly impacted people's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health worldwide. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains valuable in assessing physical condition, predicting illness severity, and guiding interventions and treatments. In this narrative review, we summarize the connections and impact of COVID-19 on CRF levels and its implications on the disease's progression, prognosis, and mortality. We also emphasize the significant contribution of CPET in both clinical evaluations of recovering COVID-19 patients and scientific investigations focused on comprehending the enduring health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Guía-Galipienso
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; REMA Sports Cardiology Clinic, Denia, Alicante, Spain; Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Palau
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berenguel-Senen
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Prevention and Sports Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carme Perez-Quilis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Christle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - François Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Sport Science, University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Sports Cardiology and Rehab Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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30
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Tu C, Chen X, Gao Y, Pan Q, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhang Y. Trends in Undernutrition among Macao Children and Adolescents Aged 7~18 Years: An Analysis from Four Successive Macau Government Surveys from 2005 to 2020. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:634-643. [PMID: 38919311 PMCID: PMC11194641 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the epidemiological trends and characteristics of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao from 2005 to 2020 to provide insights into the improvement of nutritional status among the youth in Macao, China. Methods Based on the data collected from the Citizen Physical Fitness surveillance sessions in Macao in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was calculated. Result In 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was 12.11%. Among them, the rates of stunting, moderate or severe wasting, and mild wasting were 0.63%, 5.25%, and 6.23%, respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition among boys (13.81%) was higher than that among girls (10.06%). Mild wasting was the main form of undernutrition among students. From 2005 to 2020, the prevalence of malnutrition showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05), but there was a rebound in 2020 from 2015, mainly because it may be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents in Macao was lower than that in Mainland China (P<0.01). Conclusion The detection rates of undernutrition showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020. In the post-pandemic era, Macao should undertake more effective measures in areas such as promoting balanced nutritional intake, increasing physical activity levels, enhancing school physical education, and incorporating mental health education. These efforts are essential for further reducing the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Tu
- School of Teacher (Physical) Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lupei Jiang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Ronca F, Burgess PW, Savage P, Senaratne N, Watson E, Loosemore M. Decreasing Sedentary Time during Lessons Reduces Obesity in Primary School Children: The Active Movement Study. Obes Facts 2024; 17:243-254. [PMID: 38316112 PMCID: PMC11149966 DOI: 10.1159/000536665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School-based exercise interventions targeted at reducing obesity are often successful in the short term, but they are resource-heavy and do not always lead to long-lasting behaviour changes. This study investigated the effect of reducing sedentary time, rather than increasing exercise, on physical activity (PA) behaviours and obesity in primary school children. METHODS Thirty UK state primary schools participated in this cluster-controlled intervention study (IDACI score = 0.15 ± 0.07, free school meals = 26 ± 9%). Twenty-six intervention and 4 control schools (intervention = 3,529, control = 308 children) completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) in terms 1 and 3. Three intervention and 3 control schools (intervention = 219, control = 152 children) also measured waist-to-height ratio (WTHR). The Active Movement Intervention is a school-based programme which integrates non-sedentary behaviours such as standing and walking in the classroom. Data were analysed via ANCOVAs and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS WTHR was reduced by 8% in the intervention group only (F(2, 285) = 11.387, p < 0.001), and sport participation increased by 10% in the intervention group only (F(1, 232) = 6.982, p = 0.008). Other PAQ-C measures increased significantly in the intervention group, but there was no group*time interaction. Changes in PAQ-C did not predict reductions in WTHR. Instead, the amount of change in WTHR was predicted by intervention group and by baseline WTHR of the pupil, where children with higher baseline WTHR showed greater reductions (F(2, 365) = 77.21, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.30). Socio-economic status (SES), age, or gender did not mediate any of the changes in the PAQ-C or WTHR. CONCLUSION Reducing sedentary behaviours during school time can be an effective obesity reduction strategy for primary school children who are overweight. The lack of demographic effects suggests that this method can be effective regardless of the school's SES, pupil age, or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Ronca
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul W Burgess
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nipuna Senaratne
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Evelyn Watson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Mike Loosemore
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Active Movement, Wokingham, UK
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Shin SW, Choi Y, Kang YH, Kim J. Associations of meeting 24-h movement guidelines and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2024; 227:187-193. [PMID: 38237314 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and metabolic syndrome (MetS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional design. METHODS We selected 10,882 adults (2019: n = 5710; 2020: n = 5172) aged ≥20 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using a global physical activity questionnaire. We also measured the typical sleep duration (h/day) on weekdays and weekends. MetS was defined as the presence of more than three risk factors. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, transportation-related physical activity decreased, while the prevalence of abdominal obesity (+3.3 %) and low HDL-C levels (+3.1 %) increased significantly. An elevated risk of MetS was observed in the lower aerobic (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.58; P = 0.019) and muscular exercise (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66; P = 0.023) groups and in the high sedentary behavior (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00-1.51; P = 0.049) during the pandemic. Sensitivity analysis stratified by sex showed similar patterns with more pronounced changes in MetS components in males. The models also showed significant associations between aerobic physical activity, strength exercises, and sedentary behavior with MetS in males and females. CONCLUSIONS Although sedentary behavior and sleep time remained unchanged, a significant decrease in transportation-related physical activity was observed during the pandemic. Moreover, our findings revealed that aerobic physical activity, strength exercise, and sedentary time during the pandemic were associated with an increased MetS risk. These results highlight the importance of promoting physical activity, particularly during periods of social restriction, to mitigate the pandemic's negative effects on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Shin
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kang
- Research Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea; School of Applied Health, Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
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Rausch L, Limmer M, Pocecco E, Ruedl G, Posch M, Faulhaber M. Sex-specific analysis of hiking accidents in the Austrian Alps: a follow-up from 2015 to 2021. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:160-175. [PMID: 38617419 PMCID: PMC11007419 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hiking is one of the most popular leisure sport activities practiced in the Alps during the summer season, but bears the risk of mountain emergencies, accidents, and fatalities. This paper provides an updated analysis of hiking accidents for the years 2015 to 2021 in the Austrian Alps, thereby outlining fatal and non-fatal accident characteristics. Methods For this retrospective analysis, mountain hiking accidents documented by the Austrian Alpine Police during a 7-year period were screened for potential exclusion criteria. The final sample size consisted of 7368 accidents and 7552 victims. The outcome measures were mainly specified by sex, age, injury degree, injury location, pathophysiological characteristics, and cause of injury. Results The overall annual number of accidents showed a continuous increase from 428 in 2015 to 544 in 2021. In total, 7.1% of the total victims died during the 7-year period, with male hikers being significantly more affected than female hikers (m: 80.8%, f: 19.2%; p ≤ 0.001). The sex specific distribution for non-fatal hiking accidents was 55.9% in women and 44.1% in men. Male victims showed significantly more frequent cardiovascular events (m: 78.5%, f: 21.5%), multiple injuries (m: 60.2%, f: 39.8%), and wounds/blood loss (m: 57.4%, f: 42.6%) than female victims, whereas women showed more fractures (m: 31.5%, f: 68.5%) than men (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, men were more likely to injure their abdomen/chest (3.7%), head (14.1%), and multiple body parts (26.5%), whereas women were more likely to injure their ankle or foot (42.3%). Finally, men were more likely to have an accident during the ascent (24.1%), whereas women during the descent (69.0%) (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion This paper provides the latest data and a deeper insight into sex-specific characteristics of mountain hiking accidents in the Austrian Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rausch
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Mirjam Limmer
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Austrian Society of Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Tyrol, Austria
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Plandowska M, Labecka MK, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Płaszewski M, Rajabi R, Makaruk B, Różańska D. The Effect of an Active Break Intervention on Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People-Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:612. [PMID: 38276118 PMCID: PMC10816210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent evidence has shown that the pandemic of COVID-19 caused an increasing problem with spinal pain in the population of teenagers and young adults. This may be explained by prolonged sitting times in flexed positions with electronic devices. Positions maintained for a prolonged time cause overloading of soft tissue and discogenic symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the active break program in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort and LBP (low back pain) among young people. METHODS This will be a randomized controlled study. The participants will be recruited from Bachelor's course students of the Physical Education Department aged 18-25 years. The participants will be assigned to an experimental group (with an active break) and a control group. The group with an active break with lumbar and hip extension exercises will be recommended to take a break for every 30 min of sitting. The control group will receive self-care recommendations. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), disability index (Oswestry Disability Index), and perceived musculoskeletal discomfort during prolonged sitting (Borg scale), assessed at baseline and after the intervention, and the Global Perceived Effect, only assessed after the 12-week intervention. The secondary outcome will be a Post-Intervention Questionnaire (a 5-item self-completed questionnaire), only assessed after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS Our main research outcome-exercise protocols and interventions-will lead to the development of recommendations and protocols for the LBP population. It is important to determine the effect of interventions that are feasible and effective in addressing LBP and perceived musculoskeletal discomfort in young people. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study examining the effect of active breaks with proposed lumbar and hip extension exercises on reducing or decreasing LBP in students based on a search of the literature. Exercises and recommendations will be the basis for developing proprietary preventative and therapeutic programs, which will be implemented in selected educational institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plandowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Marta Kinga Labecka
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Maciej Płaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Reza Rajabi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Beata Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Dorota Różańska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (M.P.); (M.P.); (B.M.); (D.R.)
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Mandic S, Khan A, García Bengoechea E, Coppell KJ, Spence JC, Smith M. Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38229064 PMCID: PMC10790521 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n = 1,266; age: 15.3 ± 1.4 years; 54.6% female) and 2021/2022 (Study 2; n = 819; age: 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 47.4% female). The proportion of adolescents meeting guidelines for physical activity (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), outside school screen time (≤ 2 h/day) and fruit and vegetable intake (> 1 serving/day for both fruit and vegetables) was calculated. Data were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Few adolescents met recommended health behaviour guidelines. Compared to Study 1, significantly greater proportions of adolescents at Study 2 met guidelines for physical activity (16.7% vs. 23.1%; p < 0.001) and outside school screen time (13.3% vs. 18.3%; p < 0.001) while fruit and vegetable intake was not different (29.6% vs. 27.0%; p = 0.322). Compared to Study 1, average outside school screen time at Study 2 was lower on both weekdays (5.0 ± 2.9 vs. 4.6 ± 2.9; p < 0.001) and weekend days (6.9 ± 3.5 vs. 6.1 ± 3.6 h/day; p < 0.001). Reported frequency of consuming sweets was higher and soft drinks lower at Study 2 versus Study 1. CONCLUSIONS Despite observed higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of outside school screen time during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels, few adolescents met health behaviour guidelines at both time points. Therefore, comprehensive health promotion that aims to improve physical activity levels, screen time and dietary patterns for adolescents is still necessary to prevent chronic health conditions adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mandic
- AGILE Research Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand.
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enrique García Bengoechea
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Research and Innovation Unit, Sport Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kirsten J Coppell
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Onadeko K, Walker TJ, Craig DW, Szeszulski J, Pavlovic A, DeFina LF, Kohl HW. Comparing the Use and Effectiveness of In-Person and Remote Physical Education Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2024; 55:24-32. [PMID: 38264143 PMCID: PMC10803051 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2023.2277945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical Education is a key component to improve youth health, but there is limited information on Physical Education delivery in different formats. PURPOSE We compared PE formats (in-person versus remote) across evaluation aspects: weekly minutes; perceived effectiveness; and student-to-teacher ratio. METHODS We distributed questionnaires (2020-2021 school year) to school contacts who represented NFL Play 60 FitnessGram® Project (n=216) schools in multiple US cities. Questionnaires entailed learning format, weekly PE minutes, perceived effectiveness, and student-to-teacher ratio. We used linear mixed models to compare PE formats across evaluation variables. RESULTS Among 165 schools, 10% (n=17) offered in-person instruction, 31% (n=51) offered remote instruction, and 59% offered both (n=97). Results revealed higher in-person PE minutes (77.2±7.3) compared to remote minutes (67.1±14.6), but results were not significantly different (p=0.19). School contacts reported significantly more effective in-person PE (4.0) than remote PE (2.8, p<0.001). In-person PE also had significantly smaller reported student-to-teacher ratio (16.7) compared to remote PE (23.7, p<0.001). DISCUSSION Findings indicate PE was offered during the pandemic, but remote learning appeared less effective than in-person PE. TRANSLATION to HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICE Efforts are needed to improve remote PE to reinforce high-quality PE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kempson Onadeko
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
| | - Timothy J Walker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
| | - Derek W Craig
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | - Harold W Kohl
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
- The University of Texas at Austin
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Kopp PM, Möhler E, Gröpel P. Physical activity and mental health in school-aged children: a prospective two-wave study during the easing of the COVID-19 restrictions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:4. [PMID: 38172986 PMCID: PMC10765890 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children's and adolescents' mental health, it has been suggested that PA may be an effective strategy to physically and mentally recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested the reciprocal relationship between PA and mental health during the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. It was hypothesized that mental health during the pandemic would determine how much children and adolescents re-engage in PA after easing the restrictions. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that PA engagement would predict mental health improvement after the pandemic. METHODS This was a prospective study with two measurement occasions. Pretest data collection was undertaken in February 2022, shortly before German authorities eased and lifted the COVID-19 restrictions. The follow-up (posttest) occurred six weeks later (April 2022). Both times, a sample of elementary and grammar school students aged 6 to 18 years (N = 170) reported their mental health problems and health-related quality of life. Mental health problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. PA was measured continuously during the study period using smart electronic devices with a built-in pedometer. RESULTS PA gradually increased after the easing of COVID-19 restrictions (p < .001). This increase was unrelated to pretest mental health problems and health-related quality of life except for emotional symptoms (p = .041). Participants with higher emotional symptoms showed a sharper increase in PA towards the end of the study period. Furthermore, hyperactivity decreased (p = .004) and physical well-being (p = .004), perceived autonomy (p < .001), and perceived quality of school environment (p = .008) improved from before to after the easing of restrictions, yet participants' PA predicted none of these changes. CONCLUSIONS The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment on PA seem to alleviate after children and adolescents are allowed to return to schools. This is likely to be due to the school setting, which provides many different opportunities for formal and informal PA rather than students' mental health. School-related PA programs should be part of children's and adolescents' recovery from the pandemic .
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Kopp
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Eva Möhler
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Gröpel
- University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė L, Žemaitaitytė M, Šmigelskas K. Exploring the Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety among Lithuanian Adolescents during Times of Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:32. [PMID: 38255346 PMCID: PMC10814592 DOI: 10.3390/children11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent events in Europe, like the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War (RUW), might have sparked anxiety among adolescents. This study aimed to compare anxiety levels in Lithuanian adolescents post-COVID-19 peak (Study 1, October 2021) and during the onset of the RUW (Study 2, April-June 2022). Data from 459 participants in Study 1 and 6637 in Study 2, aged 11-17, were collected through HBSC pilot and national surveys in Lithuania. Self-reported questionnaires assessed anxiety, social media use, stress, loneliness, self-efficacy, and peer support factors. Analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regressions. Notably, anxiety prevalence in Lithuanian adolescents showed no significant difference between Study 1 and Study 2, stabilizing around 24%. In 2021, stress (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 3.11-11.17), problematic social media use (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.89-10.58), and female gender (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.58-5.22) significantly predicted anxiety. By 2022, stress (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 3.14-4.30), loneliness (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.43-3.35), and lower self-efficacy (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.60) emerged as important predictors. This study enhances our understanding of adolescent anxiety during crises, emphasizing the urgency of addressing multiple factors to manage and support vulnerable youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Žemaitaitytė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Ludwig-Walz H, Siemens W, Heinisch S, Dannheim I, Loss J, Bujard M. How the COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures reduce physical activity among children and adolescents in the WHO European Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:149. [PMID: 38115056 PMCID: PMC10731871 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests that physical activity among children and adolescents decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a differentiated overview of European youth is lacking. In particular, no systematic analysis has been conducted to date on the impact of heterogeneous pandemic restrictions and school closures within European countries, and with regard to potentially vulnerable groups. METHODS We searched seven databases and included studies for children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) of the WHO European Region that compared physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic with a pre-pandemic baseline using validated measurement instruments. We used the Oxford Stringency Index and School Closure Index as indicators of restriction stringency. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, assessment of the study risk of bias (using the 'Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure' [ROBINS-E]) and certainty grading of evidence (using the GRADE approach), were all done in duplicate. Unpublished data was requested from study authors. Data were pooled in random effects models. An a priori protocol was published, reporting is carried out in accordance with the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS Of 14,897 non-duplicate records, 26 publications (n = 15,038 pre-pandemic, n = 13,041 during pandemic) met full inclusion criteria. Comparison before and during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a significant reduction in total physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.57 [95%CI, -0.95; -0.20]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD, -0.43 [95% CI, -0.75; -0.10]), corresponding to a decrease of 12 min per day (a 20% reduction of the WHO recommendation). A decrease in sporting activity was also recorded. Subgroup analyses suggested that middle childhood (aged 8-12) and adolescents were particularly affected by the decline. School closures were associated with a reduction in physical activity. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was low. CONCLUSIONS A sharp decline in all forms of physical activity was recorded among European children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decline was higher during periods of school closure and mainly affected younger schoolchildren and adolescents. Immediate action by policy-makers and practitioners, as well as evidence-based public health strategies, are imperative in reversing this trend. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42023395871.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waldemar Siemens
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Heinisch
- Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Education, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Indra Dannheim
- Regional Innovation Center for Health and Quality of Life in Fulda (RIGL), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | | | - Martin Bujard
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Głąbska D, Guzek D, Skolmowska D, Adamczyk JG, Nałęcz H, Mellová B, Żywczyk K, Baj-Korpak J, Gutkowska K. Influence of Food Habits and Participation in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program on Body Weight within a Pair-Matched Sample of Polish Adolescents after One Year of Intervention-#goathletics Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5106. [PMID: 38140365 PMCID: PMC10745295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the physical activity level and commitment in adolescents, which has resulted in a body weight increase, and the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that this negative trend must be now counteracted. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of food habits and participation in a national extracurricular athletics program (Athletics for All) on body weight within a pair-matched sample of Polish adolescents after one year of intervention. The #goathletics Study was conducted in a population of Polish adolescents within two pair-matched groups: 506 adolescents aged 10-14, including 281 female and 225 male adolescents, regularly participating in Athletics for All program for at least 9 months (one school year) (intervention group), and a pair-matched control group (matched taking into account city, gender, and age). The #goathletics Study included the assessment of the body weight, which was conducted based on the growth reference charts for Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference to verify central fatness. Athletics for All participation and food habits were verified as determinants of body weight, while food habits were assessed using the validated Adolescents' Food Habits Checklist (AFHC). While compared the intervention group and control group, statistically significant differences were observed for body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, both for crude and relative values, with adolescents participating in the Athletics for All program presenting a lower risk of excessive body weight and central fatness (p < 0.05), while, compared to sub-groups stratified by AFHC score, no statistically significant differences in general anthropometric characteristics were observed (p > 0.05). While the body weight centile, height centile, BMI centile and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed as the resultant variables, it was revealed that participation in the Athletics for All program is the only influencing factor in multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for body weight centile (F = 21.44; p < 0.0001) and BMI centile (F = 47.98; p < 0.0001), but for height centile and WHtR, none of the assessed factors influenced these variables. It was concluded that regularly participating in the Athletics for All program for at least 9 months was the only determinant of a lower risk of excessive body weight in adolescents, with declared food habits and gender not being significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Nałęcz
- Pedagogy and Psychology Department, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Blanka Mellová
- Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestlé Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Katarzyna Żywczyk
- Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestlé Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Joanna Baj-Korpak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, John Paul II University in Biala Podlaska, 95/97 Sidorska Street, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Gutkowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Salway R, de Vocht F, Emm-Collison L, Sansum K, House D, Walker R, Breheny K, Williams JG, Hollingworth W, Jago R. Comparison of children's physical activity profiles before and after COVID-19 lockdowns: A latent profile analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289344. [PMID: 38011119 PMCID: PMC10681209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is important for children's health, but moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) declines with age. COVID-19 lockdowns resulted in reduced MVPA and increased sedentary time among children. Characterising children's activity patterns may help identify groups who are most likely to be inactive post-lockdown. Data were combined from a pre-COVID-19 cohort study on children aged 5-6 years (Year1: n = 1299), 8-9 years (Year4: n = 1223) and 10-11 years (Year6: n = 1296) and cross-sectional post-lockdown data from a natural experiment on 10-11-year-olds in 2021 (Year6-W1: n = 393) and 2022 (Year6-W2: n = 436). The proportions of time spent in MVPA, light physical activity (LPA) and sedentary time on weekdays and weekends were derived from accelerometer data. Latent class analysis was used to identify activity profiles pre and post-lockdown, and estimate pre-COVID-19 transitions between Year4 and Year6. We identified six pre-COVID-19 activity profiles in Year6, including a new profile characterised by very low MVPA and high sedentary time (19% of children). There was substantial movement between profiles at Year4 and Year6, with 45% moving to a profile with lower MVPA. Likelihood ratio tests suggested differences in Year6 activity profiles pre and post-lockdown, with a new post-lockdown profile emerging characterised by higher LPA. The percentage of children in the least active profiles (where under 20% meet UK physical activity guidelines), rose post-lockdown, from 34% pre-COVID-19 to 50% in 2021 and 40% in 2022. We also saw gender and socioeconomic gaps widen, and increased separation between high and low physical activity levels. Children's physical activity has changed post-COVID-19, in terms of who is being active and how. The impact varies by activity profile, which is influenced by gender and socio-economic position. A greater understanding of these differences and targeting of low active groups is needed to increase both individual and population levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Emm-Collison
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Sansum
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle House
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Walker
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna G. Williams
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Communities and Public Health, Bristol City Council, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William Hollingworth
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Zhang D, Chen S, López-Gil JF, Hong J, Wang F, Liu Y. 24-Hour movement behaviours research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2188. [PMID: 37936168 PMCID: PMC10631189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies examining 24-hour movement behaviours based on the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) have been published during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no comprehensive reviews summarized and synthesized the evidence concerning studies using 24HMG. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the evidence from the 24HMG studies published during the pandemic. METHODS Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO) were utilized to conduct a literature search. The search procedure adhered to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Initially, a total of 1339 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals were screened. After eliminating 461 duplicates, 878 articles remained. The titles and/or abstracts of these articles were then cross-checked, and 25 articles were included. Subsequently, two authors independently assessed full-text of articles based on the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the final selection of 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics (e.g., study population, study design, measurement) were extracted and then summarized. According to the Viable Integrative Research in Time-use Research (VIRTUE) epidemiology, the included studies were further classified into different but interrelated study domains (e.g., composition, determinants, health outcomes). RESULTS The majority of included articles focused on children and adolescents as study population. This study primarily demonstrated that a low prevalence of meeting the 24HMG among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been a decline in the percentage of individuals meeting the 24HMG compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The majority of included studies focused on sociodemographic factors when examining the correlates of meeting the 24HMG, while a few studies assessed factors of other domains, such as social, cultural, and environmental aspects. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on healthy 24-hour movement behaviours in children and adolescents. In conjunction with the studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, more studies were encouraged to explore the correlates of meeting the 24HMG and the associated health benefits in wider ranges of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | | | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Kun Shan Lu Jia Senior High School, Jiangsu, 215331, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Chmelík F, Frömel K, Groffik D, Mitáš J. Physical activity and life satisfaction among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 241:104081. [PMID: 37976920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and distance education has significantly affected adolescents' lives. The restrictive policies negatively affected their physical and mental health and life satisfaction. It is therefore desirable to look for ways to eliminate similar negative impacts on adolescents in the future. This study aimed to identify the differences in the association between physical activity and life satisfaction in Polish adolescents before and during the pandemic. The study included 1541 participants (891 before the pandemic and 650 during the pandemic) aged 15-19 years. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form questionnaire was used to assess physical activity, and the Bern Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire was used to evaluate life satisfaction. The objectivity of data collection and analysis before and during the pandemic was ensured by the web application the International Database for Research and Educational Support. During the pandemic, we found lower physical activity and life satisfaction in both boys and girls compared to before the pandemic. Girls with low and high physical activity levels showed significantly lower life satisfaction during the pandemic than they did before. Low life satisfaction was associated with lower physical activity, and high life satisfaction was associated with greater total physical activity. Both boys and girls with low and high life satisfaction achieved significantly fewer physical activity recommendations during the pandemic. High life satisfaction increased the likelihood of meeting the recommendations for physical activity before and during the pandemic. This study provides new insights into the differences and associations between life satisfaction and physical activity in adolescent boys and girls before and during the pandemic. It provides suggestions for the prevention of possible future restrictions in the school settings. Support for post-pandemic life satisfaction in adolescents should focus mainly on increasing vigorous physical activity and improving adolescent participation in organized physical activity settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Chmelík
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. Míru 117, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Frömel
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. Míru 117, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Dorota Groffik
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. Míru 117, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Choi H, Lee H, Ahn YS. Association Between Parental BMI and Offspring's Blood Pressure by Mediation Analysis: A Study Using Data From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:533-541. [PMID: 37905326 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the relationship between parental body mass index (BMI; BMI_p) and hypertension in their adolescent offspring (HTN_a), focusing on the mediating effect of adolescents' BMI (BMI_a). METHODS Utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including participants aged 12-18, we conducted a mediation analysis while controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, physical activity, dietary habits, household income quartile, and parents' alcohol and smoking habits. RESULTS The study included a total of 5731 participants, of whom 3381 and 5455 participants had data on fathers' and mothers' BMI, respectively. For adolescent systolic blood pressure (SBP_a), the father's BMI (BMI_f) had a significant total effect (β, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.34) and average controlled mediated effect (ACME) (β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.32), but the average direct effect (ADE) was not significant. The mother's BMI (BMI_m) had a significant total effect (β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.25), ACME (β, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.28) and ADE (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.00). For adolescent diastolic blood pressure, both BMI_f and BMI_m had significant ACMEs (β, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12 and β, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.12, respectively), BMI_m had a significant ADE (β, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.02) but BMI_f had an insignificant ADE and total effect. CONCLUSIONS The study found that parental BMI had a significant effect on SBP_a, mediated through BMI_a. Therefore, a high BMI in parents could be a risk factor, mediated through BMI_a, for systolic hypertension in adolescents, necessitating appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hunju Lee
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Genomic Cohort Institute, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Öztürk FÖ, Doğan E, Gedikaslan E, Yılmaz HY. The effect of structured health promotion education given to adolescents on health literacy and health-promoting behaviors. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e579-e585. [PMID: 37945460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the effect of structured health promotion education given to adolescents on health literacy and health promotion level. DESIGN AND METHODS The research was designed according to the pretest-posttest control group model and conducted using the quasi-experimental method. The population of the study consisted of students studying in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades of a secondary school. A total of 191 students were assigned to the intervention group and the control group. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale, and the School Age Health Literacy Scale. Structured Health Promotion Education consisting of six modules was given to the intervention group. The control group did not receive any intervention. RESULTS Of the students, 33.9% were in the 8th grade, 76.6% were born in Turkey, 31.6% had a father and mother who were secondary school graduates, 72.5% were from moderate-income families, and 83% had no chronic health problems. The groups' health literacy and adolescent health-promoting behaviors pretest mean scores before the intervention were homogeneous (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups' health literacy and adolescent health-promoting behaviors posttest mean scores after the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While structured health promotion education was found to increase health literacy and health-promoting behaviors, nutrition, stress management, life satisfaction, and health responsibility behaviors in adolescents, it did not affect social support and exercise behaviors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses should provide training to increase students' health literacy and health-promoting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özlem Öztürk
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esranur Doğan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Gedikaslan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gałczyk M, Zalewska A, Sobolewski M. Assessment of Dyspnoea, Physical Activity, and Back Pain Levels in Students at Medical Universities after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1474. [PMID: 37888084 PMCID: PMC10608276 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to assess the extent of dyspnoea, physical activity (PA), and back pain complaints and the association of dyspnoea, PA, and back pain complaints with PA in post-COVID-19 students at medical universities in Poland. METHODS An online survey was carried out among Polish medical students (213 women and 204 men) who had had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 within the last year. The Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale was used to assess the degree of dyspnoea. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of PA. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to assess back discomfort. RESULTS The study group had average levels of PA, with median total activity significantly lower in women (median total activity for women was 1189 and for men was 2044, while the standard deviation for women was 1419 and for men was 1450). More than 93% of the students reported no symptoms of dyspnoea. The following results were observed for ODI (median of 1.2 for women and 1.7 for men and standard deviation of 3.1 for women and 4.0 for men) and for NDI (median of 2.8 for women and 2.5 for men, standard deviation of 4.3 for women and 4.0 for men). Cervical spine pain was more frequent and severe. There are small, statistically significant correlations between the MRC and IPAQ measures and the ODI and NDI and IPAQ. CONCLUSIONS In the study group of students of medicine, dyspnoea linked with a history of COVID-19 is not an issue. Post-pandemic PA levels should be increased in this group, with particular attention to female students. Urgent measures are also needed to prevent cervical pain in students at medical universities in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gałczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 14 Akademicka St., 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 14 Akademicka St., 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Plant of Quantitative Methods, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Walker R, Salway R, House D, Emm-Collison L, Breheny K, Sansum K, Churchward S, Williams JG, Vocht FD, Hollingworth W, Jago R. The status of active after-school clubs among primary school children in England (UK) after the COVD-19 lockdowns: implications for policy and practice. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:120. [PMID: 37798727 PMCID: PMC10552244 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's physical activity in England is more dependent on active clubs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic and related cost-of-living crisis have impacted on active club participation, costs and provision. This mixed-methods natural experiment explored school-based and community-based active clubs after lockdowns, using a unique combination of data sources to highlight implications for policy and practice post-COVID-19. METHODS Cross-sectional questionnaire data on school and community active clubs were collected from 10-11-year-old children pre-COVID-19 in 2017-18 (N = 1,296; 50 schools), in 2021 (N = 393; 23 schools), and 2022 (N = 463; 27 schools). Club participation and attendance frequency were modelled using logistic and Poisson mixed effects models, adjusted for child age, gender and household education. In 2021 and 2022, parents reported expenditure on community-based clubs and schools provided data on school-based club provision, with data summarised descriptively. Qualitative data were collected in 2021 and 2022, with one-to-one interviews with school staff (N = 18) and parents (N = 43), and twelve child focus groups (N = 92), and analysed using the framework method. RESULTS School-based active club participation was higher in 2022 compared to pre-pandemic (50% /43%), while community-based club participation was lower (74%/80%). Children attended 0.3 fewer clubs per week. Those from lower education households were less likely to participate in both types of active clubs, and girls less likely to attend community clubs. In 2022, the median cost of community and school club sessions were £6.67 and £3.88 respectively, with 52% of school-based clubs free to parents. Schools offered an average of 3.4 active clubs per week for 10-11-year-olds in 2022, with 34% partly/wholly subsidised. Qualitative analysis highlighted the impact of the cost-of-living crisis and COVID-19 pandemic on family resources, encouraging a shift to more affordable and convenient school-based active clubs, which negatively impacted the community-based active club environment. However, many schools struggled to meet this increased demand. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasise the importance for policymakers to support schools to meet increased demand for clubs and community clubs to increase affordable and convenient physical activity opportunities. Targeted support is needed to prevent socioeconomic and gender inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walker
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Danielle House
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Lydia Emm-Collison
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Kate Sansum
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK
| | | | - Joanna G Williams
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Communities and Public Health, Bristol City Council, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITZ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Hermsen S, Van Abswoude F, Steenbergen B. The Effect of Social Networks on Active Living in Adolescents: Qualitative Focus Group Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46350. [PMID: 37796582 PMCID: PMC10587806 DOI: 10.2196/46350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in organized sports and other forms of active living have important health benefits in adolescence and adulthood. Unfortunately, the transition to secondary school has been shown to be a barrier to participation. Social networks can play important roles in activating adolescents, and information and communication technology (ICT) interventions can augment this role. To date, there are few insights into what adolescents themselves think and feel about barriers to and motivators for active living, the role of their social networks in active living, and the potential of ICT for physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to gather insights into the perspectives of adolescents aged 12 to 14 years on active living and sports participation, motivators and demotivators for active living, and the potential roles of their social network and of ICT. METHODS A total of 26 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years from different levels of Dutch secondary schools participated in 1 of 5 semistructured focus group interviews, in which they talked about sports and PA, their social networks, their ICT use, and the role of social networks and ICT in PA. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic qualitative approach. RESULTS The study showed that all participants were physically active, although the transition to secondary school made this difficult, mostly because of time constraints. Participants saw positive physical and mental health effects as important benefits of active living. They regarded social benefits as strong motivators for active living: being together, making friends, and having fun together. However, the social network could also demotivate through negative peer judgment and negative feedback. Participants were willing to share their own positive experiences and hear about those from close peers and friends but would not share their own (and were not interested in others') negative experiences or personal information. Participants were mainly interested in descriptive norms set by others and obtained inspiration from others for PA. With respect to using ICT for active living, participants stated a preference for social challenges among friends, personalized feedback, goals, activities, and rewards. Competition was seen as less important or even unattractive. If mentioned, participants felt that this should be with friends, or peers of a similar level, with fun being more important than the competition itself. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that adolescents feel that their social network is and can be a strong driver of active living. They are willing to use ICT-based solutions that make use of social networks for PA as long as these solutions involve their current (close) network and use an approach based on being together and having fun together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Hermsen
- Precision Health and Nutrition Group, OnePlanet Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke Van Abswoude
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Scott JJ, Vernon L, Metse AP. The International Framework for School Health Promotion: Supporting Young People Through and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:920-929. [PMID: 37434426 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide COVID-19 government restrictions imposed on young people to limit virus spread have precipitated a growing and long-term educational and health crisis. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY This novel study used Sen's Capabilities Approach as a theoretical framework to examine the current health and educational impacts of COVID-19 on youth, referencing emerging literature. The objective was to inform the design of an internationally relevant framework for school health promotion to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mapping of existing health resources, internal/external conversion factors and capabilities were used to identify classroom, school and system level strategies that will enable young people to flourish. Four central enablers were identified and used in the design of the International Framework for School Health Promotion (IFSHP). IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE AND EQUITY The IFSHP can be used by educational institutions, school leaders and teachers to innovate existing health promotion programs, policies and practices to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS School systems, schools and teachers are encouraged to utilize the IFSHP to review and innovate existing school health programs to ensure they meet the increased physical and mental health needs of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Scott
- School of Education and Tertiary Access, University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia; School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Lynette Vernon
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Alexandra P Metse
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Luo Z, Guo C, Yang X, Zhang M. Comparison of myopia progression among Chinese schoolchildren before and during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3911-3921. [PMID: 37389764 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare myopia progression in Chinese schoolchildren before and after the COVID-19 pandemic home confinement. METHODS This study was done through the data searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2022 to March 2023 related to the COVID-19 pandemic home confinement and myopia progression among Chinese schoolchildren. Myopia progression was evaluated by the mean change of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex and regional differences in myopia progression among schoolchildren before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of eight eligible studies were included in this study. There was a significant difference in SER before and during home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 0.34; 95%CI = [0.23, 0.44]; Z = 6.39; P < 0.00001), but no significant difference in AL (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = [- 0.09, 0.41]; Z = 1.22, P = 0.22). There was a significant difference in SER between male and female groups during the COVID-19 home confinement (OR = 0.10; 95%CI = [0.00, 0.19]; Z = 1.98, P = 0.05). As for regional analysis, there was a significant difference in SER between urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 quarantine period (OR = -0.56; 95%CI = [- 0.88, - 0.25]; Z = 3.50, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the time before the COVID-19 home confinement, a higher rate of myopic progression among Chinese schoolchildren during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfen Luo
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyao Guo
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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