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Rawat V, Shastri A, Das AK, Sharma N, Bhatt H, Rajasekhar BN. Vibrational spectroscopy of interstellar PAHs: 1-cyanonaphthalene and 2-cyanonaphthalene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 324:124971. [PMID: 39208542 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the vibrational spectra of PAH molecules recently detected in the interstellar medium: 1-cyanonaphthalene and 2-cyanonaphthalene. The room temperature IR spectra of 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene in the region 100-3100 cm-1 and their vibrational Raman spectra in the region 35-3100 cm-1 are reported here for the first time. A detailed spectral analysis is carried out using quantum chemical calculations employing the DFT methodology. Anharmonic corrections using the VPT2 method yield excellent agreement with the experimental spectra. A re-investigation of the vibrational spectrum of the parent molecule: naphthalene validates the experimental and theoretical methods used. A consistent set of assignments is reported for the fundamental bands of 1- and 2-cyanonapththalene. The experimental and theoretical data presented here would be useful inputs for modelling the role of cyanonaphthalene in astrophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rawat
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Aparna Shastri
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Asim K Das
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himal Bhatt
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - B N Rajasekhar
- Institute of Astronomy, Space and Earth Science, P177, CIT Road, Scheme 7m, Kolkata 700054, India
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Kachhadia A, Burkhardt T, Scherer G, Scherer M, Pluym N. Development of an LC-HRMS non-targeted method for comprehensive profiling of the exposome of nicotine and tobacco product users - A showcase for cigarette smokers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1247:124330. [PMID: 39366037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and other smokeless alternatives has grown significantly in the last ten years. These products have been suggested as combustion-free alternatives for conventional tobacco products like cigarettes, aiming to reduce the negative health impacts associated with smoking. However, the impact of those products on the health and safety of the general population are still unclear, as the absolute exposure from those products has not been thoroughly studied, yet. In this project, a non-targeted LC-HRMS method was developed comprising four different analytical modes for the investigation of the exposure profile in urine of the product users. The method is characterized by its high sensitivity and reproducibility, as shown during method validation. As a proof of concept, we first applied this method to detect significant differences in biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) between smokers and non-smokers. We observed a total of 171 BoEs significantly elevated in smokers, including several well-known biomarkers of smoke exposure like nicotine and its metabolites, mercapturic acid derivatives, and phenolic compounds. Some of the detected biomarkers are present at low ng/mL concentrations in urine, proving the high sensitivity needed for a holistic exploration of the exposome. Moreover, we were able to identify BoEs that have not been reported previously for smoking, such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 7-methyl-1-naphthol glucuronide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpeshkumar Kachhadia
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Therese Burkhardt
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany.
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Ndwabu S, Malungana M, Mahlambi P. Efficiency comparison of extraction methods for the determination of 11 of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water matrices: Sources of origin and ecological risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:1598-1610. [PMID: 38358000 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
As a result of their toxicity, ease of analysis, and environmental occurrence, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were chosen as priority pollutants by the USEPA. Few studies have been conducted to assess the levels of PAHs in South Africa, especially KwaZulu Natal province, and no work has been done in the selected study area. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of such PAHs in river water and wastewater samples and evaluate their source and ecological risk. The status of these PAHs in the South African environment has not been investigated fully, which is a gap this study intended to fill. The PAHs were determined using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods. The optimization and validation of these methods indicated that both methods can be used for the extraction of PAHs in liquid samples. This is because of the acceptable %recovery of 72.1%-118% for SPE and 70.7%-88.4% for DLLME with a %RSD less than 10% (indicating high precision) that was obtained. The limit of detection and limit of quantification ranged from 5.0 to 18 ng/L and 6.0-20 ng/L for SPE and from 10 to 44 ng/L and 11 to 63 ng/L for DLLME. These results demonstrated that SPE is more accurate and sensitive than DLLME, which was also confirmed by statistical analysis. The PAH concentration levels ranged from not detected (nd) to 1046 ng/L in river water and nd to 778 ng/L in wastewater samples with naphthalene demonstrating dominance over all other PAHs in both water matrices. The PAHs were found to be of petrogenic origin and posed low ecological risk on average. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1598-1610. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinayo Ndwabu
- Department of Scientific Services, Laboratory Services, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mncedisi Malungana
- Department of Scientific Services, Laboratory Services, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Precious Mahlambi
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Janbazi Z, Zarinkamar F, Mohsenzadeh S. Exploring the phytoremediation capacity of Portulaca oleracea naphthalene aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants: a physiological and biochemical study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:56079-56090. [PMID: 39256335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
This study is aimed to explore the potential of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as a phytoremediation candidate for the removal of naphthalene in a hydroponic system; moreover, the impacts of naphthalene on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plant were investigated. Four different naphthalene concentrations (0, 15, 30, and 60 ppm) were selected for the experiments, with an additional control treatment without plants containing 60 ppm naphthalene. Each treatment, utilizing a total of 20 hydroponic containers, consisted of 4 replicates. The results indicated that naphthalene led to a reduction in root and shoot growth. The root weight decreased from 17 mg in the control group to 6 mg in the 60 ppm naphthalene treatment, while the shoot weight decreased from 107.5 mg in the control group to 65.7 mg in the 60 ppm naphthalene treatment. Besides, the different naphthalene concentrations had an impact on the photosynthetic pigments. Compared to the control treatment, under severe stress conditions, chlorophyll a decreased by 51.85%, chlorophyll b decreased by 48.14%, and carotenoids decreased by 54.59%; however, anthocyanin, compared to the control treatment, increased by 30.1% under severe stress conditions. The presence of naphthalene also resulted in increased levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and proline in both roots and shoots at various naphthalene concentrations. In roots, malondialdehyde increased by 40.74%, H2O2 increased by 3%, and proline increased by 75.6%, while malondialdehyde increased by 43.16%, H2O2 increased by 5.34%, and proline increased by 59.48% in shoots under severe stress conditions and compared to the control treatment. Root and shoot protein levels decreased by 64.49% and 32.26%, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed increased activities in both roots and shoots under severe naphthalene stress conditions. Purslane demonstrated the ability to remove approximately 80% of naphthalene from the medium. In conclusion, this plant has an effective participation in naphthalene uptake and mitigates the adverse effects of naphthalene by enhancing antioxidant enzyme and proline activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Janbazi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sasan Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Biology, Scholl of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Denison SB, Jin P, Zygourakis K, Senftle TP, Alvarez PJJ. Mechanistic Implications of the Varying Susceptibility of PAHs to Pyro-Catalytic Treatment as a Function of Their Ionization Potential and Hydrophobicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39021055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysts in soil constituents (e.g., clays) can significantly decrease the pyrolytic treatment temperature and energy requirements for efficient removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, thus, lead to more sustainable remediation of contaminated soils. However, the catalytic mechanism and its rate-limiting steps are not fully understood. Here, we show that PAHs with lower ionization potential (IP) are more easily removed by pyro-catalytic treatment when deposited onto Fe-enriched bentonite (1.8% wt. ion-exchanged content). We used four PAHs with decreasing IP: naphthalene > pyrene > benz(a)anthracene > benzo(g,h,i)perylene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that lower IP results in stronger PAH adsorption to Fe(III) sites and easier transfer of π-bond electrons from the aromatic ring to Fe(III) at the onset of pyrolysis. We postulate that the formation of aromatic radicals via this direct electron transfer (DET) mechanism is the initiation step of a cascade of aromatic polymerization reactions that eventually convert PAHs to a non-toxic and fertility-preserving char, as we demonstrated earlier. However, IP is inversely correlated with PAH hydrophobicity (log Kow), which may limit access to the Fe(III) catalytic sites (and thus DET) if it increases PAH sorption to soil OM. Thus, ensuring adequate contact between sorbed PAHs and the catalytic reaction centers represents an engineering challenge to achieve faster remediation with a lower carbon footprint via pyro-catalytic treatment.
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Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk B, Czop M, Rubin JA. The Multifaceted Comparison of Effects of Immobilisation of Waste Imperial Smelting Furnace (ISF) Slag in Calcium Sulfoaluminates (CSA) and a Geopolymer Binder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3163. [PMID: 38998245 PMCID: PMC11242071 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Using waste materials as replacements for sand in building materials helps reduce waste and improve the properties and sustainability of the construction materials. Authors proved the possibility of using imperial smelting furnace (ISF) slag granules as a 100% substitute for natural sand in self-compacting (SCC) cement-based mortars of calcium sulfoaluminates (CSA). The study proved that ISF slag's radioactive properties meet this area's requirements. CSA cement eliminates the noted problem in the case of concrete with Portland cement, which is the extended setting of the cement binder. The research findings indicate that using slag to replace sand up to 100% in mortars without grains smaller than 0.125 mm allows high flowability, compaction, low porosity and mechanical parameters. The compressive strength of the CSA cement mortars was about 110 MPa, and more than 140 MPa for geopolymer mortar. Unfortunately, the alkaline pH of a geopolymer causes high leachability of barium and sodium. Thus, the CSA cement is in a more favourable binder to achieve high strength, is environmentally friendly, and is a self-compacting mortar or concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk
- Department of Building Processes and Building Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Czop
- Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jan Antoni Rubin
- Institute of Architecture, State University of Applied Sciences in Racibórz, Akademicka 1, 47-400 Racibórz, Poland
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Martin N, Le Guet T, Dupuy F, Grybos M, Joussein E. Effect of liming on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leaching from hydrocarbon-contaminated tectogenic industriosol. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124063. [PMID: 38697254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil stabilization/solidification is commonly employed remediation method for contaminated soils. Until now, limited attention has been given to the application of quicklime in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil. We treated a tectogenic industriosol spiked with 50 mg kg-1 of four PAHs (12.5 mg kg-1 each of fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLT) and pyrene (PYR)) using three different liming agents at 1% (w:w): quicklime (CaO), hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and carbonate calcium (CaCO3). All treated samples were leached in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 10, with subsequent analysis of leached soil and leachates for PAHs content. Results revealed that the addition of liming agents led to a reduction in FLU and PHE concentrations in treated soil by 6.81 ± 2.47% and 28.88 ± 4.18%, respectively, compared to a not-treated sol. However, no significant impact was observed on the 4-cycles PAHs (FLT and PYR). The addition of liming agents also significantly decreased the amount of PAHs in the leachate, by 100% for FLU and PHE, and by 74.9 ± 17.5% and 72.3 ± 34.8%, for FLT and PYR, respectively, compared to not limed soil. Among the liming agents, quicklime was the most effective in reducing the amount of 4 cycles PAHs in the leachate. Various mechanisms, such as encapsulation, volatilization and oxidation could contribute to this observed reduction. Quicklime treatment at a concentration of 1% w:w in PAHs-contaminated soil emerges as a promising technique to effectively reduce PAHs concentration in soils and mitigate PAHs mobility through leaching. This study also sheds light on the possibility to limit CO2 emissions and resources exploitation to assure the remediation process, thereby enhancing its overall environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Fabrice Dupuy
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Malgorzata Grybos
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France.
| | - Emmanuel Joussein
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
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Barros B, Paiva AM, Oliveira M, Alves S, Esteves F, Fernandes A, Vaz J, Slezakova K, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Morais S. Baseline data and associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, blood pressure, hemogram, and lifestyle among wildland firefighters. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1338435. [PMID: 38510349 PMCID: PMC10950961 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Available literature has found an association between firefighting and pathologic pathways leading to cardiorespiratory diseases, which have been linked with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are highlighted as priority pollutants by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative in occupational and non-occupational contexts. Methods This cross-sectional study is the first to simultaneously characterize six creatinine-adjusted PAHs metabolites (OHPAHs) in urine, blood pressure, cardiac frequency, and hemogram parameters among wildland firefighters without occupational exposure to fire emissions (> 7 days), while exploring several variables retrieved via questionnaires. Results Overall, baseline levels for total OHPAHs levels were 2 to 23-times superior to the general population, whereas individual metabolites remained below the general population median range (except for 1-hydroxynaphthalene+1-hydroxyacenaphtene). Exposure to gaseous pollutants and/or particulate matter during work-shift was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in total OHPAHs levels. Firefighters who smoke presented 3-times higher total concentration of OHPAHs than non-smokers (p < 0.001); non-smoker females presented 2-fold lower total OHPAHs (p = 0.049) than males. 1-hydroxypyrene was below the recommended occupational biological exposure value (2.5 μg/L), and the metabolite of carcinogenic PAH (benzo(a)pyrene) was not detected. Blood pressure was above 120/80 mmHg in 71% of subjects. Firefighters from the permanent intervention team presented significantly increased systolic pressure than those who performed other functions (p = 0.034). Tobacco consumption was significantly associated with higher basophils (p = 0.01-0.02) and hematocrit (p = 0.03). No association between OHPAHs and blood pressure was found. OHPAHs concentrations were positively correlated with monocyte, basophils, large immune cells, atypical lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular volume, which were stronger among smokers. Nevertheless, inverse associations were observed between fluorene and pyrene metabolites with neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, in non-smokers. Hemogram was negatively affected by overworking and lower physical activity. Conclusion This study suggests possible associations between urinary PAHs metabolites and health parameters in firefighters, that should be further assessed in larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Barros
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Paiva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, UICISA: E, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adília Fernandes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, UICISA: E, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Josiana Vaz
- CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Centro de Investigação de Montanha Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Sustec – Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Inland Regions – Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Klara Slezakova
- LEPABE-ALiCE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Peris-Camarasa B, Pardo O, Fernández SF, Dualde P, Coscollà C. Risk assessment and predictors of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Spanish adults by urinary human biomonitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141330. [PMID: 38301841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced primarily during incomplete combustion of organic matter and in various industrial processes. They are widespread environmental pollutants that are of significant interest due to their potential toxicity. Humans can be exposed to PAHs through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. In the present study, ten urinary PAH biomarkers were determined in first-morning urine samples (n = 504) from the adult population (aged 18-65 years) residing in the Valencian Region of Spain. These samples were analysed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All PAH biomarkers were quantified in more than 65 % of the urine samples. Naphthalene biomarkers, 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1OHNAP) and 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2OHNAP), exhibited the highest levels with geometric means (GMs) of 0.7 and 11.9 μg L-1, respectively. The 95th percentile of all PAH biomarkers ranged from 0.22 to 64.8 μg L-1. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for the analysed PAH families in the studied population ranged from 17 (pyrene) to 18581 (naphthalene) ng·kg-bw-1·day-1 (GM). Significant associations were observed between the quantified urinary metabolites of PAHs and smoking status, home location, annual household incomes, BMI, and the consumption of grilled food in the last 24 h. Hazard quotients (HQs) of naphthalene and consequently, hazard indexes (HIs) were above 1, especially for smokers. Therefore, potential health risks associated with PAH exposure in the target population could not be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Peris-Camarasa
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Sandra F Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
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Murcia-Morales M, Tzanetou EN, García-Gallego G, Kasiotis KM, Vejsnaes F, Brodschneider R, Hatjina F, Machera K, Van der Steen JJ. Environmental assessment of PAHs through honey bee colonies - A matrix selection study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23564. [PMID: 38187233 PMCID: PMC10770451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The steady conditions of temperature, humidity and air flux within beehives make them a valuable location for conducting environmental monitoring of pollutants such as PAHs. In this context, the selection of an appropriate apicultural matrix plays a key role in these monitoring studies, as it maximizes the information that will be obtained in the analyses while minimizing the inaccurate results. In the present study, three apicultural matrices (honey bees, pollen and propolis) and two passive samplers (APIStrips and silicone wristbands) are compared in terms of the number and total load of PAHs detected in them. Samplings took place in a total of 11 apiaries scattered in Austria, Denmark, and Greece, with analyses performed by GC-MS/MS. Up to 14 different PAHs were identified in silicone wristbands and pollen, whereas the remaining matrices contained a maximum of five contaminants. Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and pyrene were found to be the most prevalent substances in the environment. Recovery studies were also performed; these suggested that the chemical structure of APIStrips is likely to produce very strong interactions with PAHs, thus hindering the adequate desorption of these substances from their surface. Overall, silicone wristbands placed inside the beehives proved the most suitable matrix for PAH monitoring through honey bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Murcia-Morales
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Evangelia N. Tzanetou
- Laboratory of Chemical Control of Pesticides, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Guillermo García-Gallego
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | | | - Robert Brodschneider
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Ellinikos Georgikos Organismos ‘DIMITRA’, Nea Moudania GR-63200, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
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11
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Al-Alam J, Millet M, Khoury D, Rodrigues A, Akoury E, Tokajian S, Wazne M. Biomonitoring of PAHs and PCBs in industrial, suburban, and rural areas using snails as sentinel organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4970-4984. [PMID: 38112875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a worldwide concern about the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and resistance to degradation. Various conventional monitoring techniques have been used to assess their presence in diverse environmental compartments. Most currently available methods, however, have limitations with regards to long-term monitoring. In the present work, juvenile Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774) snails were tested in field microcosms as biomonitors for two major classes of organic pollutants, namely, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study assessed their deployment in one suburban, one rural, and two industrial sites over an 18-week period and monitored for temporal variations of 16 PAHs and 22 PCBs. Sampling was conducted once every 3 weeks. Targeted pollutants were extracted from the caged snails using the QuEChERS extraction procedure and subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that the bioaccumulation of specific pollutants was site dependent; significantly higher levels of PCBs were observed at the industrial sites as compared to the suburban and rural ones. PAHs were bioaccumulated by the snails via ingestion of air and soil whereas PCBs were mainly bioaccumulated via soil contact and ingestion. The findings of this study indicate that C. aspersum is a reliable model organism for the biomonitoring of organic pollutants in air and soil compartments and can be used as part of an integrated environmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Civil Engineering Department, Lebanese American University, 309 Bassil Building, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES, UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dani Khoury
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES, UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES, UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elias Akoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Wazne
- Civil Engineering Department, Lebanese American University, 309 Bassil Building, Byblos, Lebanon.
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12
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Atusingwize E, Rohlman D, Hoffman P, Wafula ST, Musoke D, Buregyeya E, Mugambe RK, Ndejjo R, Ssempebwa JC, Anderson KA. Chemical contaminant exposures assessed using silicone wristbands among fuel station attendants, taxi drivers and commercial motorcycle riders in Kampala, Uganda. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2023; 78:401-411. [PMID: 37916578 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2023.2275144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
There are concerns over traffic-related air pollution in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Individuals in the transportation sector are hypothesized to be at greater risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds, given their proximity to vehicle exhaust. Silicone wristbands are a wearable technology that passively sample individuals' chemical exposures. We conducted a pilot cross sectional study to measure personal exposures to volatile organic compounds among 14 transportation workers who wore a wristband for five days. We analyzed for 75 volatile organic compounds; 33 chemicals (35%) were detected and quantified in at least 50% of the samples and 15 (16%) chemicals were detected and quantified across all the samples. Specific chemicals were associated with participants' occupation. The findings can guide future large studies to inform policy and practice to reduce exposure to chemicals in the environment in Kampala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwinah Atusingwize
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Diana Rohlman
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Peter Hoffman
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Musoke
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John C Ssempebwa
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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13
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Sajkowski L, Seward TM, Mountain BW. Quantitative analysis of naphthalene, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol at nanomol levels in geothermal fluids using SPE with HPLC. MethodsX 2023; 11:102244. [PMID: 37388165 PMCID: PMC10300394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAP), 1-naphthol (1-NAP) and 2-naphthol (2-NAP) are the thermal decomposition products of naphthalene sulfonates making them potentially new geothermal reservoir permeability tracers, however, to date, no sensitive and fast detection method for these compounds has been developed. In order to facilitate sensitive and rapid analysis of these compounds in geothermal brines and associated steam condensates, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed.•A method for determination of naphthalene, 1- and 2-naphthol from brines has been developed.•These compounds have been detected in steam samples from three New Zealand geothermal fields.•As breakdown products of NDS/NSA, these compounds have potential use as geothermal tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucjan Sajkowski
- Department of Earth Resources and Materials, GNS Science, Wairakei, New Zealand
| | - Terry M. Seward
- Department of Earth Resources and Materials, GNS Science, Wairakei, New Zealand
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bruce W. Mountain
- Department of Earth Resources and Materials, GNS Science, Wairakei, New Zealand
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14
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Wang J, Li M, Zhuo X, Gao X, Ma X, Zhang X. Salinity-dependent mitigation of naphthalene toxicity in migratory Takifugu obscurus juveniles: Implications for survival, oxidative stress, and osmoregulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165248. [PMID: 37394067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene, an environmental pollutant classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), can induce toxicity in fish and other aquatic organisms. Through our investigation, we determined how Takifugu obscurus juveniles were affected by naphthalene (0, 2 mg L-1) exposure in terms of oxidative stress biomarkers and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in various tissues (gill, liver, kidney and muscle) under dissimilar salinities (0, 10 psu). Results suggest that naphthalene exposure significantly affects the survival of T. obscurus juveniles and leads to significant changes in the levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, which are indicative of oxidative stress and emphasized the risks associated with osmoregulatory function. The higher salinity affected on the noxious effects of naphthalene can be observed, resulting in decreased biomarker levels and increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Salinity levels affected the uptake of naphthalene and its impact on different tissues, with high salinity conditions having mitigating effects on oxidative stress and naphthalene uptake in the liver and kidney tissues. Increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity was observed in all tissues treated with 10 psu and 2 mg L-1 naphthalene. Our findings deepen the understanding of T. obscurus juveniles' physiological responses to naphthalene exposure, and highlight the potential mitigating effects of salinity. These insights can inform the development of appropriate conservation and management practices to protect aquatic organisms from susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinnan Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaogang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750030, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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15
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Pfannerstill EY, Arata C, Zhu Q, Schulze BC, Woods R, Harkins C, Schwantes RH, McDonald BC, Seinfeld JH, Bucholtz A, Cohen RC, Goldstein AH. Comparison between Spatially Resolved Airborne Flux Measurements and Emission Inventories of Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15533-15545. [PMID: 37791848 PMCID: PMC10586371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Los Angeles is a major hotspot for ozone and particulate matter air pollution in the United States. Ozone and PM2.5 in this region have not improved substantially for the past decade, despite a reduction in vehicular emissions of their precursors, NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This reduction in "traditional" sources has made the current emission mixture of air pollutant precursors more uncertain. To map and quantify emissions of a wide range of VOCs in this urban area, we performed airborne eddy covariance measurements with wavelet analysis. VOC fluxes measured include tracers for source categories, such as traffic, vegetation, and volatile chemical products (VCPs). Mass fluxes were dominated by oxygenated VOCs, with ethanol contributing ∼29% of the total. In terms of OH reactivity and aerosol formation potential, terpenoids contributed more than half. Observed fluxes were compared with two commonly used emission inventories: the California Air Resources Board inventory and the combination of the Biogenic Emission Inventory System with the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions combined with Volatile Chemical Products (FIVE-VCP). The comparison shows mismatches regarding the amount, spatial distribution, and weekend effects of observed VOC emissions with the inventories. The agreement was best for typical transportation related VOCs, while discrepancies were larger for biogenic and VCP-related VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y. Pfannerstill
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Qindan Zhu
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Science, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Schulze
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Roy Woods
- Department
of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey 93943, California, United
States
| | - Colin Harkins
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
- NOAA Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Brian C. McDonald
- NOAA Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Anthony Bucholtz
- Department
of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey 93943, California, United
States
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Science, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
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16
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Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E, Jokšas K, Stakėnienė R, Rybakovas A, Nalivaikienė R, Višinskienė G, Arbačiauskas K. Pollution patterns and their effects on biota within lotic and lentic freshwater ecosystems: How well contamination and response indicators correspond? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122294. [PMID: 37544404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often severely polluted with chemical substances of anthropogenic origin, which can pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, patterns and sources of heavy metals (HMs, 6 metals) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 16 hydrocarbons), contamination indicators, environmental genotoxicity measures and metrics of ecological status in lotic and lentic ecosystems were collated for the first time. Chemical analysis has confirmed previously reported long-term contamination at certain study sites. The sediments of Lake Talkša, located in a city and characterized by exclusive anthropogenic pressure, exhibited the highest levels of contamination by both HMs and PAHs. Through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, vehicle and industrial emissions were identified as the primary sources of HMs and PAHs. Our results revealed that frequencies of genotoxic aberrations were higher in river sites compared to lakes, with the highest genotoxic risk observed in the Nemunas River below industrial cities Alytus and Kaunas. Surprisingly, even the severely contaminated Lake Talkša showed only a "moderate" grade of genotoxic risk, highlighting the potential for adaptation of biota to long-term contamination especially in lentic ecosystems. The ecological quality status assessed by macroinvertebrate metrics, which may be sensitive to observed high biological contamination, appeared to be unrelated to contamination patterns. Consequently, to obtain the robust information on anthropogenic contamination and its effects, a combination of various assessment methods and metrics should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rimutė Stakėnienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Reda Nalivaikienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Kęstutis Arbačiauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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17
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Shahrokny P, Maison N, Riemann L, Ehrmann M, DeLuca D, Schuchardt S, Thiele D, Weckmann M, Dittrich AM, Schaub B, Brinkmann F, Hansen G, Kopp MV, von Mutius E, Rabe KF, Bahmer T, Hohlfeld JM, Grychtol R, Holz O. Increased breath naphthalene in children with asthma and wheeze of the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE). J Breath Res 2023; 18:016003. [PMID: 37604132 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acf23e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to be related to lung disease like asthma. Its collection is non-invasive, simple to perform and therefore an attractive method for the use even in young children. We analysed breath in children of the multicenter All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) to evaluate if 'breathomics' have the potential to phenotype patients with asthma and wheeze, and to identify extrinsic risk factors for underlying disease mechanisms. A breath sample was collected from 142 children (asthma: 51, pre-school wheezers: 55, healthy controls: 36) and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Children were diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines and comprehensively examined each year over up to seven years. Forty children repeated the breath collection after 24 or 48 months. Most breath VOCs differing between groups reflect the exposome of the children. We observed lower levels of lifestyle-related VOCs and higher levels of the environmental pollutants, especially naphthalene, in children with asthma or wheeze. Naphthalene was also higher in symptomatic patients and in wheezers with recent inhaled corticosteroid use. No relationships with lung function or TH2 inflammation were detected. Increased levels of naphthalene in asthmatics and wheezers and the relationship to disease severity could indicate a role of environmental or indoor air pollution for the development or progress of asthma. Breath VOCs might help to elucidate the role of the exposome for the development of asthma. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02496468).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shahrokny
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Department of Clinical Airway Research, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - N Maison
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany German Center for Lung Research (CPC-M, DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Riemann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Ehrmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany German Center for Lung Research (CPC-M, DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - D DeLuca
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - S Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Bio- and Environmental Analytics, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Thiele
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Luebeck, Germany
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - A M Dittrich
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - B Schaub
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany German Center for Lung Research (CPC-M, DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - F Brinkmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - G Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - M V Kopp
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E von Mutius
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany German Center for Lung Research (CPC-M, DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf and Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - T Bahmer
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf and Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH - Campus Kiel, German Center for Lung Research (ARCN, DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - J M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Department of Clinical Airway Research, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - R Grychtol
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - O Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Department of Clinical Airway Research, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Hannover, Germany
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18
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Moran IL, Tidwell L, Barton M, Kile M, Miller P, Rohlman D, Seguinot-Medina S, Ungwiluk B, Waghiyi V, Anderson K. Diffusive fluxes of persistent organic pollutants between Arctic atmosphere, surface waters and sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164566. [PMID: 37270011 PMCID: PMC10330832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arctic communities are disproportionately exposed to pollutants from sources including global atmospheric transport and formerly used defense sites (FUDS). The effects of climate change and increasing development in the Arctic have the potential to exacerbate this problem. Yupik People of Sivuqaq, or St Lawrence Island, Alaska are one such community with documented exposures to pollutants from FUDS, and their traditional lipid-rich foods such as blubber and rendered oils of marine mammals. Troutman Lake, adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell, Alaska, was used as a disposal site during the decommission of the adjacent FUDS, leading to community concern about exposure to military pollution and intrusion from historic local dump sites. In collaboration with a local community group, this study utilized passive sampling devices deployed in Troutman Lake. Air, water and sediment deployed samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated and organophosphate flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PAH concentrations were low and comparable to other remote/rural locations. PAHs were generally in deposition from the overlying atmosphere into Troutman Lake. Of the flame retardants, brominated diphenyl ether-47 was detected in all surface water samplers while triphenyl phosphate was detected in all environmental compartments. Both were at concentrations equivalent or lower than other remote locations. Of particular interest, we measured higher atmospheric concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.75-2.8 ng/m3) than previously reported in the literature for remote Arctic sites (<0.017-0.56 ng/m3). TCEP was found to be in deposition to Troutman Lake at magnitudes from 290 to 1300 ng/m2/day. No PCBs were detected in this study. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of both modern and legacy chemicals from local and global sources. These results help us to understand the fate of anthropogenic contaminants in dynamic Arctic systems providing valuable data for communities, policy makers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Moran
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lane Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael Barton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Vi Waghiyi
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kim Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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19
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Onyena AP, Nkwoji JA, Chukwu LO, Walker TR, Sam K. Risk assessment of sediment PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1080. [PMID: 37615789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek. Sediment samples were collected between March 2019 and July 2020 to evaluate the concentrations of PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants using GC-MS and GC-FID with Headspace extraction. Results indicated mean PAH concentrations were 22.691 ± 15.09 µg/kg. The highest individual PAH concentrations were fluorene (7.085 µg/kg), naphthalene (4.517 µg/kg), and phenanthrene (3.081 µg/kg). Carbazole (0.828 µg/kg) was discovered as a novel environmental toxin with dioxin-like toxicity and widespread prevalence in sediments. The most common congener (25%) was ethylbenzene, followed by toluene and ortho- and meta-xylene (21%) and benzene (13%). The analysis of diagnostic ratios revealed that the main factors responsible for the presence of PAHs in the study area are the residential use of firewood, emissions from industrial activities, bush burning, and petroleum slicks. The risk assessment indicated that most PAHs exceeded the permissible risk quotient values, suggesting a moderate to high ecological risk. However, cutaneous exposure to PAHs and BTEX was found to have minimal impact on human health, with no significant hazards identified in adults and children. Nevertheless, the study revealed low cancer risks associated with PAH and BTEX compounds for both age groups. The continued discharge of PAHs and BTEX compounds into Chanomi Creek could have significant long-term negative effects on human and aquatic health. Thus, contamination risk awareness programs and the development of stringent contextual thresholds for identified contaminants could enhance environmental and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachi P Onyena
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph A Nkwoji
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Lucian O Chukwu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kabari Sam
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria
- School of Environment, Geography and Geoscience, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
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20
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Sherris AR, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Dearborn L, Hazlehurst MF, Carroll KN, Moore PE, Adgent MA, Barrett ES, Bush NR, Day DB, Kannan K, LeWinn KZ, Nguyen RHN, Ni Y, Riederer AM, Robinson M, Sathyanarayana S, Zhao Q, Karr CJ. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and asthma at age 8-9 years in a multi-site longitudinal study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3129552. [PMID: 37503063 PMCID: PMC10371133 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3129552/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Studies suggest prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may influence wheezing or asthma in preschool-aged children. However, the impact of prenatal PAH exposure on asthma and wheeze in middle childhood remain unclear. We investigated these associations in diverse participants from the ECHO PATHWAYS multi-cohort consortium. Methods We included 1,081 birth parent-child dyads across five U.S. cities. Maternal urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolite concentrations (OH-PAH) were measured during mid-pregnancy. Asthma at age 8-9 years and wheezing trajectory across childhood were characterized by caregiver reported asthma diagnosis and asthma/wheeze symptoms. We used logistic and multinomial regression to estimate odds ratios of asthma and childhood wheezing trajectories associated with five individual OH-PAHs, adjusting for urine specific gravity, various maternal and child characteristics, study site, prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure, and birth year and season in single metabolite and mutually adjusted models. We used multiplicative interaction terms to evaluate effect modification by child sex and explored OH-PAH mixture effects through Weighted Quantile Sum regression. Results The prevalence of asthma in the study population was 10%. We found limited evidence of adverse associations between pregnancy OH-PAH concentrations and asthma or wheezing trajectories. We observed adverse associations between 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene and asthma and persistent wheeze among girls, and evidence of inverse associations with asthma for 1-hydroxynathpthalene, which was stronger among boys, though tests for effect modification by child sex were not statistically. Conclusions In a large, multi-site cohort, we did not find strong evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to PAHs and child asthma at age 8-9 years, though some adverse associations were observed among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Zhao
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
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21
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Anand V, Venkatesan DK, T P, Naseem M, Rathia SK. Methemoglobinemia Secondary to a Traditional Healing Practice Using Mothballs: A Need of Pediatric Vigilance. Cureus 2023; 15:e41192. [PMID: 37525810 PMCID: PMC10387263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute-onset unexplained hypoxemia persisting despite 100% oxygen has a limited differential diagnosis but poses a challenging diagnostic dilemma. Methemoglobinemia, a hemolytic condition, may lead to significant complications if it goes undiagnosed during the critical golden hour of an emergency department (ED) presentation. This case report presents the clinical details of a 30-month-old child with acute intravascular hemolysis evident by severe pallor and hemoglobinuria and severe hypoxia documented on pulse oximetry. During the ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) of the primary survey, "exposure" revealed the parent's deliberate fastening of a mothball around the waist of the baby on the advice of a traditional healer, which was identified as the source of naphthalene toxicity. The swift intervention was undertaken for hypoxic respiratory compromise with 100% oxygen just after triage, and the naphthalene ball with the tied cloth was removed. Arterial blood gas and co-oximetry analysis confirmed the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia, and other laboratory tests suggested severe hemolytic anaemia as well as hemoglobinuria favouring intravascular hemolysis. With the exclusion of other common differentials for hemolytic anaemia, including sickle cell crisis, autoimmune hemolytic anaemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and G6PD deficiency, naphthalene exposure was considered the culprit for both hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. After obtaining the history of another similar episode of anaemia six months ago requiring blood transfusion, we retrospected on similar mothball exposure, but parents denied that, saying they were using the mothball only for the last 10 days on the advice of a local healer with intent to get rid of some evil power and sickness in their child. After analyzing the old records of prior hospitalization and getting assured of a normal report of G6PD level, intravenous methylene blue was administered. But in view of an inadequate response, a single blood volume exchange transfusion was performed during the ED stay only, which resulted in a notable reduction in subsequent methemoglobin levels and an improvement of the child's clinical condition by the second day. The child was discharged by the third day with no distress and no further episodes of hemoglobinuria, with detailed parental counselling and follow-up advice. This case underscores the imperative need for timely recognition and effective management of methemoglobinemia in the paediatric population while emphasizing the potential hazards associated with naphthalene exposure. Further comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate optimal treatment strategies and explore long-term outcomes in similar clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Anand
- Trauma and Emergency/Pediatric Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Dilip K Venkatesan
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Pugazhenthan T
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Md Naseem
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Santosh K Rathia
- Trauma and Emergency/Pediatric Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND
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22
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Thulasinathan B, Ganesan V, Manickam P, Kumar P, Govarthanan M, Chinnathambi S, Alagarsamy A. Simultaneous electrochemical determination of persistent petrogenic organic pollutants based on AgNPs synthesized using carbon dots derived from mushroom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163729. [PMID: 37120020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly carcinogenic substances and accumulate in water bodies through various industries. Due to their harmful effects on humans, it is very important to monitor PAHs in various water resources. In the present work, we report an electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticles synthesized using mushroom-derived carbon dots for the simultaneous determination of anthracene and naphthalene, for the first time. Pleurotus species mushroom was used to synthesize the carbon dots (C-dots) via the hydrothermal method and these C-dots were used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs have been characterized through UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM. Well-characterized AgNPs were used to modify glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) by the drop-casting method. Ag-NPs/GCE has shown strong electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of anthracene and naphthalene at well-separated potentials in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.0. The sensor exhibited a wide linear working range of 250 nM to 1.15 mM for anthracene and 500 nM to 842 μM for naphthalene with the corresponding lowest detection limits (LODs) of 112 nM and 383 nM respectively with extraordinary anti-interference ability against many possible interferents. The fabricated sensor showed high stability and reproducibility. The usefulness of the sensor for the monitoring of anthracene and naphthalene in a seashore soil sample has been demonstrated by the standard addition method. The sensor gave better results with a high recovery percentage indicating the first-ever device to detect two PAHs at the single electrode with the best analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boobalan Thulasinathan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India; Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, India
| | - Veerapandi Ganesan
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Sekar Chinnathambi
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
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23
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Shamsedini N, Dehghani M, Samaei MR, Nozari M, Bahrany S, Tabatabaei Z, Azhdarpoor A, Hoseini M, Fararoei M, Roosta S. Non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessment of exposure of kitchen workers in restaurants and local residents in the vicinity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6649. [PMID: 37095265 PMCID: PMC10125965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often formed when organic substances do not burn completely. This study evaluates the non-carcinogenic and cumulative risks associated with PAHs levels by testing blood and urine samples in kitchen workers and residents near restaurants in Shiraz, Iran. Metabolites of PAH in the urine samples as well as clinical parameters in the blood samples were measured. The non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessments from exposure of the study groups to PAH metabolites were also evaluated. The highest average concentrations of PAH metabolites were related to kitchen workers (2126.7 ng/g creatinine (ng/g cr)). The metabolites of 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 9-Phenanthrene (9-OHPhe) had the highest and lowest mean concentrations, respectively. A direct correlation was observed between the levels of PAH metabolites with malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidation capacity (TAC) levels (p < 0.05). Hazard Index (HIi) was obtained less than one (HIi < 1), indicating low-risk negative health impacts on the target groups. Nevertheless, conducting more studies to determine the health status of these people is quite evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shamsedini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Fars Water and Wastewater Company, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Nozari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shayan Bahrany
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Tabatabaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aboolfazl Azhdarpoor
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararoei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Roosta
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Déméautis T, Bouyssi A, Chapalain A, Guillemot J, Doublet P, Geloen A, George C, Menotti J, Glehen O, Devouassoux G, Bentaher A. Chronic Exposure to Secondary Organic Aerosols Causes Lung Tissue Damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6085-6094. [PMID: 37014236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) emerged as a predominant component of fine particulate matter. However, the pathogenic mechanism(s) of SOAs are still poorly understood. Herein, we show that chronic exposure of mice to SOAs resulted in lung inflammation and tissue destruction. Histological analyses found lung airspace enlargement associated with massive inflammatory cell recruitment predominated by macrophages. Concomitant with such cell influx, our results found changes in the levels of a series of inflammatory mediators in response to SOA. Interestingly, we observed that the expression of the genes encoding for TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly after one month of exposure to SOAs; mediators that have been largely documented to play a role in chronic pulmonary inflammatory pathologies. Cell culture studies confirmed these in vivo findings. Of importance as well, our study indicates increased matrix metalloproteinase proteolytic activity suggesting its contribution to lung tissue inflammation and degradation. Our work represents the first in vivo study, which reports that chronic exposure to SOAs leads to lung inflammation and tissue injury. Thus, we hope that these data will foster new studies to enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SOAs and perhaps help in the design of therapeutic strategies against SOA-mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Déméautis
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Alexandra Bouyssi
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Annelise Chapalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Legionella Pathogenesis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Johann Guillemot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Legionella Pathogenesis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Legionella Pathogenesis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Geloen
- University of Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Menotti
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Service de chirurgie digestive et endocrinienne, CHU de Lyon HCL - GH Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Abderrazzak Bentaher
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium - EA3738 (CICLY) - South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
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25
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Asif Z, Chen Z, Haghighat F, Nasiri F, Dong J. Estimation of Anthropogenic VOCs Emission Based on Volatile Chemical Products: A Canadian Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:685-703. [PMID: 36416924 PMCID: PMC9685044 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas are of great interest due to their significant role in forming ground-level ozone and adverse public health effects. Emission inventories usually compile the outdoor VOCs emission sources (e.g., traffic and industrial emissions). However, considering emissions from volatile chemical products (e.g., solvents, printing ink, personal care products) is challenging because of scattered data and the lack of an effective method to estimate the VOCs emission rate from these chemical products. This paper aims to systematically analyse potential sources of VOCs emission in Canada's built environment, including volatile chemical products. Also, spatial variation of VOCs level in the ambient atmosphere is examined to understand the VOC relationship with ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. The study shows that VOCs level may vary among everyday microenvironments (e.g., residential areas, offices, and retail stores) depending on the frequency of product consumption, building age, ventilation condition, and background ambient concentration in the atmosphere. However, it is very difficult to establish VOC speciation and apportionment to different volatile chemical products that contribute most significantly to exposure and target subpopulations with elevated levels. Thus, tracer compounds can be used to identify inventory sources at the consumer end. A critical overview highlights the limitations of existing VOC estimation methods and possible approaches to control VOC emissions. The findings provide crucial information to establish an emission inventory framework for volatile chemical products at a national scale and enable policymakers to limit VOCs emission from various volatile chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Asif
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fuzhan Nasiri
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jinxin Dong
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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26
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Déméautis T, Bouyssi A, Geloen A, George C, Menotti J, Glehen O, Devouassoux G, Bentaher A. Weight loss and abnormal lung inflammation in mice chronically exposed to secondary organic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:382-388. [PMID: 36789908 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have emerged recently as a major component of fine particulate matter. Cell culture studies revealed a role for SOAs in cell oxidative stress, toxicity and inflammation and only a few studies investigated short-term SOA exposure in animal models. Here, mice were chronically exposed to naphthalene-derived SOAs for one and two months. Weight monitoring indicated a marked mass loss, especially in females, following chronic exposure to SOAs. Significantly, a cytokine antibody microarray approach revealed SOA-induced abnormal lung inflammation similar to that seen in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This in vivo study testifies to the pathogenic role of sub-chronic SOA exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Déméautis
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Alexandra Bouyssi
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Alain Geloen
- University of Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Menotti
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Service de chirurgie digestive et endocrinienne, CHU de Lyon HCL - GH Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Abderrazzak Bentaher
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
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27
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Liu Y, Qiu P, Xu K, Li C, Yin S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhai R, Deng Y, Yan F, Zhang W, Xue Z, Sun Y, Ji D, Li J, Chen J, Tian H, Liu X, Zhang Y. Analysis of VOC emissions and O 3 control strategies in the Fenhe Plain cities, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116534. [PMID: 36419282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term continuous hourly measurements of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are scarce at the regional scale. In this study, a one-year hourly measurement campaign of VOCs was performed in Lvliang, Linfen, and Yuncheng in the heavily polluted Fenhe Plain region in China. The VOC average (±standard deviation, std) concentrations in Lvliang, Linfen, and Yuncheng were 44.4 ± 24.9, 45.7 ± 24.9, and 37.5 ± 25.0 ppbv, respectively. Compared to published data from the past two decades in China, the observed VOCs were at high concentration levels. VOCs in the Fenhe Plain cities were significantly impacted by industrial sources according to calculated emission ratios but were less affected by liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas (LPG/NG) and traffic emissions than those in megacities abroad. The emission inventories and observation data were combined for verification and identification of the key VOC species and sources controlling ozone (O3). Industrial emissions were the largest source of VOCs, accounting for 65%-79% of the total VOC emissions, while the coking industry accounted for 45.2%-66.0%. The emission inventories significantly underestimated oxygenated VOC (OVOC) emissions through the verification of VOC emission ratios. O3 control scenarios were analyzed by changing VOC/NOX reduction ratios through a photochemical box model. O3 control strategies were formulated considering local pollution control plans, emission inventories, and O3 formation regimes. The O3 reduction of reactivity-control measures was comparable with emission-control measures, ranging from 16% to 41%, which was contrary to the general perception that ozone formation potential (OFP)-based measures were more efficient for O3 reduction. Sources with high VOC emissions are accompanied by high OFP on the Fenhe Plain, indicating that the control of high-emission sources can effectively mitigate O3 pollution on this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peipei Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shijie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Yuncheng Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Ruixiao Zhai
- Yuncheng Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Yuncheng Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Fengyu Yan
- Yuncheng Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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28
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Pham YL, Wojnowski W, Beauchamp J. Online Volatile Compound Emissions Analysis Using a Microchamber/Thermal Extractor Coupled to Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17354-17359. [PMID: 36481090 PMCID: PMC9773172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air is a complex and dynamic mixture comprising manifold volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may cause physiological and/or psychological discomfort, depending on the nature of exposure. This technical note presents a novel approach to analyze VOC emissions by coupling a microchamber/thermal extractor (μ-CTE) system to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). This configuration provides an alternative to conventional emissions testing of small objects. The dynamic emission profiles of VOCs from a representative 3D-printed model are presented as a proof-of-concept analysis. Emission profiles are related to the target compound volatility, whereby 2-propanol and acetaldehyde exhibited the highest emissions and most rapid changes compared to the less volatile vinyl crotonate, 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, and mesitaldehyde, which were present at lower concentrations and showed different dynamics. Comparative measurements of the emission profiles of these compounds either with or without prior static equilibration yielded stark differences in their dynamics, albeit converging to similar values after 15 min of sampling time. Further, the utility of this system to determine the time required to capture a specific proportion of volatile emissions over the sampling period was demonstrated, with a mean duration of 8.4 ± 0.3 min to sample 50% of emissions across all compounds. This novel configuration provides a means to characterize the dynamic nature of VOC emissions from small objects and is especially suited to measuring highly volatile compounds, which can present a challenge for conventional sampling and analysis approaches. Further, it represents an opportunity for rapid, targeted emissions analyses of products to screen for potentially harmful volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lan Pham
- Department
of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer
Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany,Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland,Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Beauchamp
- Department
of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer
Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany,
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Pollution Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Fine Street Dust during and after COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 period has had a significant impact on both the global environment and daily living. The COVID-19 lockdown may provide an opportunity to enhance environmental quality. This study has evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust (diameter < 20 µm) of different land use areas in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The maximum (2114 ng g−1) concentration of ∑16 PAHs was found in the industrial area during without lockdown conditions and the minimum (932 ng g−1) concentration was found in the public facilities area during the complete lockdown. Meanwhile, due to the partial lockdown, a maximum of 30% of the ∑16 PAH concentration decreased from the situation of without lockdown in the industrial area. The highest result of 53% of the ∑16 PAH concentration decreased from the situation without lockdown to the complete lockdown in the commercial area. The 4-ring PAHs had the highest contribution, both during and after the lockdown conditions. PAH ratios, correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied in order to evaluate the possible sources. Two major origins of PAHs in the street dust were identified as petroleum and petrogenic sources, as well as biomass and coal combustion. Ingestion and dermal pathways were identified as the major exposure routes to PAHs in the dust. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to exposure for adults and children ranged from 8.38 × 10−8 to 1.16 × 10−7 and from 5.11 × 10−8 to 1.70 × 10−7, respectively. These values were lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10–6), indicating no potential carcinogenic risk. This study found that the COVID-19 lockdown reduced the distribution of PAHs in the different sites of Dhaka city, thus providing a unique opportunity for the remarkable improvement of degraded environmental resources.
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30
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Lechhab W, Cincotta F, Lechhab T, Condurso C, Salmoun F, Cacciola F, Verzera A. Preliminary Assessment of Occurrence, Potential Origin, and Human Health Risk of Volatile Organic Compounds in Uncontrolled Springs, North Morocco. Metabolites 2022; 12:1213. [PMID: 36557251 PMCID: PMC9788112 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the drastic increase in worldwide pollution rates, considerable attention has been paid to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that might lead to serious health problems, e.g., cancer. As there appears to be a notable lack of research on the pollution (specifically, VOCs) of water bodies in Morocco, we aimed to assess the occurrence of VOCs in some uncontrolled springs in the north of Morocco that have not been previously investigated. We also discuss the estimation of health risks posed by ingestion and dermal contact as well as the different potential origins of these pollutants. For this purpose, water samples were collected from twenty-six sampling sites and were analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Out of the 60 suspected VOCs, a total of 15 compounds belonging to five distinct groups were identified and quantified. Among them, fumigants, solvents, and gasoline hydrocarbons were the most abundant groups, with proportions of 40%, 26.7%, and 20%, respectively. A heatmap clustered the provinces based on their degree of pollution, while a dendrogram was used to classify the studied springs into six main groups. Regarding carcinogenic risk, all the samples were safe for consumption as well as for dermal contact, except for S17, S18, and S8, and S19, which might present a severe threat to inhabitants due to their contents of, respectively, naphthalene (2.1 × 10-3), chloroform (2.5 × 10-4), and cis and trans-dichlropropene (1.61 × 10-4 and 1.11 × 10-4). Our investigation revealed several anthropogenic sources of water contamination, which could aid authorities in limiting contamination spread in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafae Lechhab
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 90090, Morocco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cincotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Touria Lechhab
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 90090, Morocco
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Farida Salmoun
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 90090, Morocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Verzera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
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31
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Gildebrant AV, Sazykin IS, Sazykina MA. Formation of Biofilms by Natural Microbial Strains in the Presence of Naphtalene and Anthracene. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822090137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Ren H, Su P, Kang W, Ge X, Ma S, Shen G, Chen Q, Yu Y, An T. Heterologous spatial distribution of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the primary influencing factors in three industrial parks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119912. [PMID: 35961570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from industrial processes are highly spatially heterologous, with limited quantitative studies on their main influencing factors. The present study evaluated the soil PAHs in three types of industrial parks (a petrochemical industrial park, a brominated flame retardant manufacturing park, and an e-waste dismantling park) and their surroundings. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the parks were 340-2.43 × 103, 26.2-2.63 × 103, and 394-2.01 × 104 ng/g, which were significantly higher than those in the surrounding areas by 1-2 orders of magnitude, respectively. The highest soil PAH contamination was observed in the e-waste dismantling park. Nap can be considered as characteristic pollutant in the petrochemical industrial park, while Phe in the flame retardant manufacturing park and e-waste dismantling park. Low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 rings) predominated in the petrochemical industrial park (73.0%) and the surrounding area of brominated flame retardant manufacturing park (80.3%). However, high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were enriched in the other sampling sites, indicating distinct sources and determinants of soil PAHs. Source apportionment results suggested that PAHs in the parks were mainly derived from the leakage of petroleum products in the petroleum manufacturing process and pyrolysis or combustion of fossil fuels. Contrarily, the PAHs in the surrounding areas could have been derived from the historical coal combustion and traffic emissions. Source emissions, wind direction, and local topography influenced the PAH spatial distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peixin Su
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Kang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Ranking the environmental factors of indoor air quality of metropolitan independent coffee shops by Random Forests model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16057. [PMID: 36163251 PMCID: PMC9513105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent coffee shops are the alternative workplaces for people working remotely from traditional offices but are not concerned about their indoor air quality (IAQ). This study aimed to rank the environmental factors in affecting the IAQ by Random Forests (RFs) models. The indoor environments and human activities of participated independent coffee shops were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive days including weekdays and weekend during the business hours. The multi-sized particulate matter (PM), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO, CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. RFs models ranked the environmental factors. More than 20% of the 15-min average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. Occupant density affected TVOCs, p-PAHs and CO2 concentrations directly. Tobacco smoking dominated PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and p-PAHs concentrations mostly. CO concentration was affected by roasting bean first and tobacco smoking secondly. The non-linear relationships between temperature and these pollutants illustrated the relative low concentrations happened at temperature between 22 and 24 °C. Tobacco smoking, roasting beans and occupant density are the observable activities to alert the IAQ change. Decreasing CO2 and optimizing the room temperature could also be the surrogate parameters to assure the IAQ.
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Gaylord A, Kannan K, Lakuleswaran M, Zhu H, Ghassabian A, Jacobson MH, Long S, Liu H, Afanasyeva Y, Kahn LG, Gu B, Liu M, Mehta-Lee SS, Brubaker SG, Trasande L. Variability and correlations of synthetic chemicals in urine from a New York City-based cohort of pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119774. [PMID: 35841991 PMCID: PMC9600950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with adverse health outcomes in children and later into adulthood. While several studies have examined correlations and variability of non-persistent chemical exposures throughout pregnancy, many do not capture more recent exposures, particularly in New York City. Our goal was to characterize exposure to phthalates, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organophosphate pesticides among pregnant women residing in New York City who enrolled in the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES) between 2016 and 2018. We measured urinary chemical metabolite concentrations in 671 women at early, mid, and late pregnancy (median 10.8, 20.8, and 29.3 weeks, respectively). We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients among chemical concentrations at each measurement time point. We compared changes in population-level urinary metabolites at each stage using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify intra-individual variability of metabolites across pregnancy. Geometric means and ICCs were compared to nine other pregnancy cohorts that recruited women in 2011 or later as well as nationally reported levels from women of child-bearing age. Compared with existing cohorts, women in NYU CHES had higher geometric means of organophosphate pesticides (Σdiethylphosphates = 28.7 nmol/g cr, Σdimethylphosphates = 57.3 nmol/g cr, Σdialkyl phosphates = 95.9 nmol/g cr), bisphenol S (0.56 μg/g cr), and 2-naphthalene (8.98 μg/g cr). Five PAH metabolites and two phthalate metabolites increased between early to mid and early to late pregnancy at the population level. Spearman correlation coefficients for chemical metabolites were generally below 0.50. Intra-individual exposures varied over time, as indicated by low ICCs (0.22-0.88, median = 0.38). However, these ICCs were often higher than those observed in other pregnancy cohorts. These results provide a general overview of the chemical metabolites measured in NYU CHES in comparison to other contemporary pregnancy cohorts and highlight directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Gaylord
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathusa Lakuleswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Long
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi S Mehta-Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Chen T, Huang L, Zhang X, Gao R, Li H, Fan K, Ma D, Ma Z, Xue L, Wang W. Effects of coal chemical industry on atmospheric volatile organic compounds emission and ozone formation in a northwestern Chinese city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156149. [PMID: 35643128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal is well known as the primary energy consumption in China, and the coal chemical industry (CCI) can serve as an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. However, the characteristics of VOCs emitted from CCI along with their environmental consequences are still poorly understood. To pin down this, an intensive field campaign was carried out at a typical CCI city in northwestern China (Yulin) from February 26 to March 7, 2021. Results showed that VOC compositions in Yulin were distinct from those in the megacities of China as well as in the typical oilfields over the world. The concentration of naphthalene (1.6 ± 1.1 ppbv), an important byproduct of CCI, was significantly higher than that in other cities (<0.2 ppbv). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model analysis revealed that the direct contribution of the CCI source for VOC emissions is 8.8 ± 1.8%. More importantly, these VOCs emitted from the CCI can account for 17.9 ± 6.8% of ozone (O3) formation potential and 16.9 ± 7.4% of OH reactivity of VOCs, suggesting the significant impacts of the CCI on the air quality and atmospheric oxidizing capacity. During the observation, a rapid increase in O3 concentration after a snowfall was encountered. The changing rate of O3 concentration in the daytime was significantly higher than in its peripheral cities. The increased O3 formation was partially attributed to the CCI, and this enhancement can be further magnified by snow cover due to the increment of surface albedo. These findings deepen the understanding of the characteristics and air quality impact of VOCs related to the CCI and provide valuable insights for the development of air quality control measures in the region influenced by intensive coal chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Yulin Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Dun Ma
- Yulin Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Zhaokun Ma
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Tabatabaei Z, Shamsedini N, Mohammadpour A, Baghapour MA, Hoseini M. Exposure assessment of children living in homes with hookah smoking parents to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: urinary level, exposure predictors, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68667-68679. [PMID: 35543784 PMCID: PMC9091547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children are extremely liable to indoor air pollutants as their physiology and a few metabolic pathways are different from those of adults. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess exposure of children living with parents who use hookah tobacco smoke to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a biomonitoring approach. The study was conducted on 25 children (7-13 years of age) exposed to hookah smoke at home and 25 unexposed age-matched children. Urinary levels of five metabolites of PAHs were quantified via headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured, as well. Information regarding the sociodemographic and lifestyle conditions was collected through interviews using managed questionnaires. The urinary 1-OH-NaP and 9-OH-Phe concentrations were respectively 1.7- and 4.6-folds higher in the case samples compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, urinary MDA levels were 1.4 times higher in the exposed children than in the unexposed group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Increasing the consumption of grilled and meat food in the diet increased the participants' urinary 2-OH-Flu and 1-OH-Pyr levels, respectively. Moreover, sleeping in the living room instead of the bedroom at night was a significant predictor of high 1-OH-NaP and 2-OH-NaP concentrations in the children's urine. Overall, the findings confirmed that children living in their homes with hookah-smoking parents were significantly exposed to naphthalene and phenanthrene. Hence, implementing protective measures is critical to reduce the exposure of this group of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Tabatabaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Shamsedini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Fars Water and Wastewater Company, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mohammadpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Baghapour
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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37
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Singh BP, Kumari S, Nair A, Kumari S, Wabaidur SM, Avtar R, Rahman S. Temporary reduction in VOCs associated with health risk during and after COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 80:53-76. [PMID: 35992767 PMCID: PMC9382016 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-022-09440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus has affected almost all countries and impacted the economy, environment, and social life. The short-term impact on the environment and human health needs attention to correlate the Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and health assessment for pre-, during, and post lockdowns. Therefore, the current study demonstrates VOC changes and their effect on air quality during the lockdown. The findings of result, the levels of the mean for total VOC concentrations were found to be 15.45 ± 21.07, 2.48 ± 1.61, 19.25 ± 28.91 µg/m3 for all monitoring stations for pre-, during, and post lockdown periods. The highest value of TVOCs was observed at Thane, considered an industrial region (petroleum refinery), and the lowest at Bandra, which was considered a residential region, respectively. The VOC levels drastically decreased by 52%, 89%, 80%, and 97% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene, respectively, during the lockdown period compared to the previous year. In the present study, the T/B ratio was found lower in the lockdown period as compared to the pre-lockdown period. This can be attributed to the complete closure of non-traffic sources such as industries and factories during the lockdown. The Lifetime Cancer Risk values for all monitoring stations for benzene for pre-and-post lockdown periods were higher than the prescribed value, except during the lockdown period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10874-022-09440-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Pratap Singh
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability (Institute of Eminence) & Department of Environmental Studies, Deshbadhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumya Kumari
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability (Institute of Eminence) & Department of Environmental Studies, Deshbadhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arathi Nair
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability (Institute of Eminence) & Department of Environmental Studies, Deshbadhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweety Kumari
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability (Institute of Eminence) & Department of Environmental Studies, Deshbadhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ram Avtar
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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38
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Millesimal phosphorus promoted Pd/HY for efficient hydrogenation saturation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Pardo M, Offer S, Hartner E, Di Bucchianico S, Bisig C, Bauer S, Pantzke J, Zimmermann EJ, Cao X, Binder S, Kuhn E, Huber A, Jeong S, Käfer U, Schneider E, Mesceriakovas A, Bendl J, Brejcha R, Buchholz A, Gat D, Hohaus T, Rastak N, Karg E, Jakobi G, Kalberer M, Kanashova T, Hu Y, Ogris C, Marsico A, Theis F, Shalit T, Gröger T, Rüger CP, Oeder S, Orasche J, Paul A, Ziehm T, Zhang ZH, Adam T, Sippula O, Sklorz M, Schnelle-Kreis J, Czech H, Kiendler-Scharr A, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Exposure to naphthalene and β-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol induced divergent changes in transcript levels of BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107366. [PMID: 35763991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of exposure to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are still limited. Here, we investigated and compared the toxicities of soot particles (SP) coated with β-pinene SOA (SOAβPin-SP) and SP coated with naphthalene SOA (SOANap-SP) in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) residing at the air-liquid interface. SOAβPin-SP mostly contained oxygenated aliphatic compounds from β-pinene photooxidation, whereas SOANap-SP contained a significant fraction of oxygenated aromatic products under similar conditions. Following exposure, genome-wide transcriptome responses showed an Nrf2 oxidative stress response, particularly for SOANap-SP. Other signaling pathways, such as redox signaling, inflammatory signaling, and the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase, were identified to have a stronger impact following exposure to SOANap-SP. SOANap-SP also induced a stronger genotoxicity response than that of SOAβPin-SP. This study elucidated the mechanisms that govern SOA toxicity and showed that, compared to SOAs derived from a typical biogenic precursor, SOAs from a typical anthropogenic precursor have higher toxicological potency, which was accompanied with the activation of varied cellular mechanisms, such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This can be attributed to the difference in chemical composition; specifically, the aromatic compounds in the naphthalene-derived SOA had higher cytotoxic potential than that of the β-pinene-derived SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Hartner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seongho Jeong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Schneider
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Bendl
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Werner- Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZE-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniela Gat
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics Institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Ziehm
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Adam
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Werner- Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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Kanellopoulos PG, Kotsaki SP, Chrysochou E, Koukoulakis K, Zacharopoulos N, Philippopoulos A, Bakeas E. PM 2.5-bound organosulfates in two Eastern Mediterranean cities: The dominance of isoprene organosulfates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134103. [PMID: 35219711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples were collected during 2017-2018 at two Eastern Mediterranean urban sites in Greece, Athens and Patra, in order to study the abundances, the seasonal trends, the sources and the possible impact of gas phase pollutants on organosulfate formation. Each of the studied groups, except that of aromatic organosulfates, presented higher concentrations in Patra compared to those measured in Athens, from 1.1 (nitro-oxy organosulfates) to 3.6 times (isoprene organosulfates). At both sites, isoprene organosulfates was the dominant group which accounted on average for more than 50% of the total measured organosulfates, with the contribution being more than 80% during summer. Strong seasonality was observed at both sites, regarding the isoprene organosulfates, with an almost 21-fold increase from winter to summer. The same pattern, but to a lesser extent, was also observed for monoterpenes organosulfates at both sites. Alkyl organosulfates followed an identical seasonal trend with the highest mean concentrations observed during spring followed by autumn. The seasonality of anthropogenic organosulfates, multisource organosulfates and nitro-oxy organosulfates differed among the two sites or presented a more compound-specific variation. The isoprene-epoxydiol pathway appeared to be the dominant pathway of isoprene transformation, with the compounds iOS211, iOS213 and iOS215 being the major isoprene organosulfate compounds at both sites. Organosulfate contribution to the concentration of particulate matter presented common variation at both sites, ranging from 0.20 ± 0.14% (winter) to 2.5 ± 1.2% (summer) and from 0.21 ± 0.13% (winter) to 5.0 ± 2.5% (summer) for Athens and Patra, respectively. The increased NOx levels in Athens, appeared to affect isoprene organosulfate formation as well as the formation of monoterpene and decalin nitro-oxy organosulfates. Principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression analysis highlighted the dominance of isoprene organosulfates. In Athens, the possible impact of transportation emissions on the formation of monoterpene nitro-oxy organosulfates is indicated while the correlation of naphthalene organosulfates with low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that vehicle emissions may be a significant source. In Patra, the possible contribution of sea on methyl sulfate levels is denoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Georgios Kanellopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Sevasti Panagiota Kotsaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Eirini Chrysochou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Koukoulakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zacharopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Athanassios Philippopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece
| | - Evangelos Bakeas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zografou, GR, 15784, Greece.
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Hsu CY, Wu PY, Chen YC, Chen PC, Guo YL, Lin YJ, Lin P. An integrated strategy by using long-term monitoring data to identify volatile organic compounds of high concern near petrochemical industrial parks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153345. [PMID: 35085637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is associated with a risk of cancer in the residents living near petrochemical facilities. However, research on the contribution of different VOCs to the lifetime cancer risk remains inconclusive. The variability in source emissions, geographical locations, seasons, and meteorological conditions can be assessed through long-term measurement of ambient VOCs with a wide spatial distribution, thus reducing the uncertainty of health risk assessment from source emissions. This study analyzed comprehensive measurement data of 109 VOCs at 17 monitoring stations around petrochemical industrial parks, collected once every six days during 2015-2018 by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. We calculated the annual mean concentration of selected VOCs and then integrated the probability risk assessment (PRA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models to identify the sources of VOCs of high concern. First, we prioritized 12 out of 23 carcinogenic VOCs based on the PRA results. Further, the results obtained from the PMF model revealed that petrochemical industrial parks contributed to more than 50% of the emissions of six VOCs, namely 1,3-butadiene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, vinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile, measured at a few monitoring stations. This integrated approach can help regulatory agencies to efficiently propose control strategies on the emissions of VOCs of high concern, thereby reducing the population's health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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He Q, Li C, Siemens K, Morales AC, Hettiyadura AP, Laskin A, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced by Photooxidation of Naphthalene under NOx Condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4816-4827. [PMID: 35384654 PMCID: PMC9022426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) affect incoming solar radiation by interacting with light at ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges. However, the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of SOA is still not well understood. In this study, the complex refractive index (RI) of SOA produced from OH oxidation of naphthalene in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was retrieved online in the wavelength range of 315-650 nm and the bulk chemical composition of the SOA was characterized by an online high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition, the molecular-level composition of brown carbon chromophores was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector and a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The real part of the RI of the SOA increases with both the NOx/naphthalene ratio and aging time, likely due to the increased mean polarizability and decreased molecular weight due to fragmentation. Highly absorbing nitroaromatics (e.g., C6H5NO4, C7H7NO4, C7H5NO5, C8H5NO5) produced under higher NOx conditions contribute significantly to the light absorption of the SOA. The imaginary part of the RI linearly increases with the NOx/VOCs ratio due to the formation of nitroaromatic compounds. As a function of aging, the imaginary RI increases with the O/C ratio (slope = 0.024), mainly attributed to the achieved higher NOx/VOCs ratio, which favors the formation of light-absorbing nitroaromatics. The light-absorbing enhancement is not as significant with extensive aging as it is under a lower aging time due to the opening of aromatic rings by reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu He
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kyla Siemens
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana C. Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Offer S, Hartner E, Di Bucchianico S, Bisig C, Bauer S, Pantzke J, Zimmermann EJ, Cao X, Binder S, Kuhn E, Huber A, Jeong S, Käfer U, Martens P, Mesceriakovas A, Bendl J, Brejcha R, Buchholz A, Gat D, Hohaus T, Rastak N, Jakobi G, Kalberer M, Kanashova T, Hu Y, Ogris C, Marsico A, Theis F, Pardo M, Gröger T, Oeder S, Orasche J, Paul A, Ziehm T, Zhang ZH, Adam T, Sippula O, Sklorz M, Schnelle-Kreis J, Czech H, Kiendler-Scharr A, Rudich Y, Zimmermann R. Effect of Atmospheric Aging on Soot Particle Toxicity in Lung Cell Models at the Air–Liquid Interface: Differential Toxicological Impacts of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:27003. [PMID: 35112925 PMCID: PMC8812555 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic gaseous precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] burden, which has been associated with adverse human health effects. However, there is only limited evidence on their differential toxicological impact. Objectives: We aimed to discriminate toxicological effects of aerosols generated by atmospheric aging on combustion soot particles (SPs) of gaseous biogenic (β-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) precursors in two different lung cell models exposed at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Methods: Mono- or cocultures of lung epithelial cells (A549) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed at the ALI for 4 h to different aerosol concentrations of a photochemically aged mixture of primary combustion SP and β-pinene (SOAβPIN-SP) or naphthalene (SOANAP-SP). The internally mixed soot/SOA particles were comprehensively characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We conducted toxicity tests to determine cytotoxicity, intracellular oxidative stress, primary and secondary genotoxicity, as well as inflammatory and angiogenic effects. Results: We observed considerable toxicity-related outcomes in cells treated with either SOA type. Greater adverse effects were measured for SOANAP-SP compared with SOAβPIN-SP in both cell models, whereas the nano-sized soot cores alone showed only minor effects. At the functional level, we found that SOANAP-SP augmented the secretion of malondialdehyde and interleukin-8 and may have induced the activation of endothelial cells in the coculture system. This activation was confirmed by comet assay, suggesting secondary genotoxicity and greater angiogenic potential. Chemical characterization of PM revealed distinct qualitative differences in the composition of the two secondary aerosol types. Discussion: In this study using A549 and EA.hy926 cells exposed at ALI, SOA compounds had greater toxicity than primary SPs. Photochemical aging of naphthalene was associated with the formation of more oxidized, more aromatic SOAs with a higher oxidative potential and toxicity compared with β-pinene. Thus, we conclude that the influence of atmospheric chemistry on the chemical PM composition plays a crucial role for the adverse health outcome of emissions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9413
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Hartner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J. Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seongho Jeong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Martens
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Bendl
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniella Gat
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Ziehm
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Adam
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Tirkey SR, Ram S, Mitra M, Mishra S. Performance analysis of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 in naphthalene degradation using phytotoxicity and microcosm studies. Biodegradation 2022; 33:169-180. [PMID: 35103887 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to develop a microbial system for efficient naphthalene bioremediation. A phytotoxicity study was carried out to check the naphthalene detoxification efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 in mung bean (Vigna radiata). For this, administration of the degraded product (supernatant) of 500 mg L-1 naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 was studied on V. radiata till 168 h. The growth parameters of mung bean seedlings exposed to treated naphthalene solution were statistically similar to distilled water but a twofold decrease when exposed to untreated naphthalene solution. Further, through the soil microcosm study, the naphthalene degradation by pure colonies of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 was 6.8% higher as compared to when the natural microflora was mixed with Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3. Further naphthalene degradation by a microcosm model revealed that with an increased concentration of glucose, the carbon dioxide trap rate decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Rani Tirkey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Shristi Ram
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560111, India
| | - Madhusree Mitra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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45
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Kozicki M. Identification of Olfactory Nuisance of Floor Products Containing Bitumens with the TD-GC-MS/O Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:959. [PMID: 35160905 PMCID: PMC8840333 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The adopted TD-GC-MS/O method helps determine the correlation between the odour signals and compounds separated on the chromatographic column, from the analysed gas mixture. It is possible to compare the retention times at which the odour signals were identified with the retention time of eluting compounds, when the test system and matrix are known. The presented study describes the details of representative samples obtained from (1) indoor air samples from a room where floor materials containing bitumen are present, (2) wooden floor staves placed in an emission chamber, and (3) fragments (chips) of the materials mentioned above, placed in glass tubes, exposed to an elevated desorption temperature. The results, presented in the paper, describe the identified odours and their intensity and assign chemical compounds to each odour, indicating their likely source of origin. The results presented in the manuscript are intended to show what methodology can be adopted to obtain intense odours from the tested samples, without losing the sensitivity derived from GC-MS. The manuscript presents representative results-case studies. The results for various types of samples were not very reproducible, related to the complex matrix of bituminous products. The enormity of compounds present in tar adhesives makes it possible to indicate only the groups of compounds that emit from these systems. They include, primarily, aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, particularly Naphthalene and Phenol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozicki
- Building Research Institute, Filtrowa 1 Street, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland
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46
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Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Sullivan A, Masterson E, Szpiro AA, Day DB, Robinson M, Kannan K, Tylavsky FA, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107039. [PMID: 34902794 PMCID: PMC8748410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may negatively impact toddler neurodevelopment. METHODS We investigated this association in 835 mother-child pairs from CANDLE, a diverse pregnancy cohort in the mid-South region of the U.S. PAH metabolite concentrations were measured in mid-pregnancy maternal urine. Cognitive and Language composite scores at ages 2 and 3 years were derived from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3). Behavior Problem and Competence scores at age 2 were derived from the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). We used multivariate linear or Poisson regression to estimate associations with continuous scores and relative risks (RR) of neurodevelopment delay or behavior problems per 2-fold increase in PAH, adjusted for maternal health, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Secondary analyses investigated associations with PAH mixture using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) with a permutation test extension. RESULTS 1- hydroxypyrene was associated with elevated relative risk for Neurodevelopmental Delay at age 2 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39). Contrary to hypotheses, 1-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with lower risk for Behavior Problems at age 2 (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83,0.98), and combined 1- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with 0.52-point higher (95% CI: 0.11,0.93) Cognitive score at age 3. For PAH mixtures, a quintile increase in hydroxy-PAH mixture was associated with lower Language score at age 2 (βwqs = -1.59; 95% CI: -2.84, -0.34; ppermutation = 0.07) and higher Cognitive score at age 3 (βwqs = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.82; ppermutation = 0.05). All other estimates were consistent with null associations. CONCLUSION In this large southern U.S. population we observed some support for adverse associations between PAHs and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fran A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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47
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Investigation of partition coefficients and fingerprints of atmospheric gas- and particle-phase intermediate volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds using pixel-based approaches. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462808. [PMID: 35032735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ambient gas- and particle-phase intermediate volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) of Beijing were analyzed by a thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-qMS). A pixel-based scheme combing the integration-based approach was applied for partition coefficients estimation and fingerprints identification. Blob-by-blob recognition was firstly utilized to characterize I/SVOCs from the molecular level. 412 blobs in gas-phase and 460 blobs in particle-phase were resolved, covering a total response of 47.5% and 43.5%. A large pool of I/SVOCs was found with a large diversity of chemical classes in both gas- and particle-phase. Acids (8.5%), b-alkanes (5.8%), n-alkanes (C8-C25, 5.3%), and aromatics (4.4%) were dominant in gas-phase while esters (7.0%, including volatile chemical product compounds, VCPs), n-alkanes (C9-C34, 5.7%), acids (4.6%), and siloxanes (3.6%) were abundant in particle-phase. Air pollutants were then evaluated by a two-parameter linear free energy relationship (LFER) model, which could be further implemented in the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) model. Multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) implied that naphthalenes, phenol, propyl-benzene isomers, and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were key components in the gas-phase under different pollution levels. This work gives more insight into property estimation and fingerprints identification for complex ambient samples.
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Chen TW, Chen JC, Liu ZS, Chi KH, Chang MB. Characteristics of PM and PAHs emitted from a coal-fired boiler and the efficiencies of its air pollution control devices. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:85-97. [PMID: 34652988 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1994483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and analysis of filterable particulate matter (FPM), FPM2.5, condensable particulate matter (CPM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from a coal-fired boiler equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR)+ electrostatic precipitator (ESP) + wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) + wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) as air pollution control devices (APCDs) are conducted. The results show that NOx concentration emitted from the coal-fired boiler is 56 ± 2.17 ppm (with the NOx removal efficiency of 47.2%), which does not meet the best available control technology (BACT) emission standard (≤ 30 ppm). On the other hand, the WFGD adopted has a good removal efficiency for SOx and HCl. Both SOx and HCl emission concentrations are < 1 ppm, and removal efficiencies are > 99%. The FPM and FPM2.5 emitted from the coal-fired boiler are 0.9 ± 0.06 mg/Nm3 and < 0.09 ± 0.006 mg/Nm3, respectively. The overall removal efficiency of FPM achieved with ESP+WFGD+WESP+MGGH is 99.98%. However, high concentration of CPM (37.4 ± 6.3 mg/Nm3) is measured, which is significantly higher than FPM and FPM2.5. The concentrations of 27 PAHs at the WESP inlet and stack are measured as 667 ng/Nm3 and 547 ng/Nm3, respectively while the removal efficiencies of gas- and solid-phase PAHs are 9% and 58%, respectively. The results show that APCDs adopted are not effective in removing PAHs (only 18%), and gas-phase PAHs contribute the most in the total PAH emission. In addition, the benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentration emitted from the stack is 28.8 ng-BaPeq/Nm3, and most of it is contributed by 4-6 ring PAHs with high toxic equivalent factors (TEFs). Furthermore, the emission factors of air pollutant emitted from coal-fired boilers equipped with different combinations of APCDs are compiled and compared. The results show that except for CPM and NOx, the emission factors of air pollutant calculated for this coal-fired boiler are lower if compared with other studies.Implications: Primary particles discharged from coal-fired processes include filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). PM2.5 emissions would be greatly underestimated if CPM is ignored. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) formed by two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs have attracted much public attention because of toxicity and carcinogenicity. This study selects one coal-fired boiler with the best available control technology (BACT) to simultaneously measure the concentrations of PM, PAHs, and gaseous pollutants at the inlet and outlet of air pollution control devices (APCDs) to understand the efficacy of APCDs adopted and pollutant emission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Wei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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49
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Vehicular influence on atmospheric concentrations and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some major cities in three regions of Ghana using epiphytic lichens. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1691-1699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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50
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Stevens NC, Edwards PC, Tran LM, Ding X, Van Winkle LS, Fiehn O. Metabolomics of Lung Microdissections Reveals Region- and Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Acute Naphthalene Exposure in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:214-222. [PMID: 34498071 PMCID: PMC8633889 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant produced by combustion of fossil fuels and is a primary constituent of both mainstream and side stream tobacco smoke. Naphthalene elicits region-specific toxicity in airway club cells through cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated bioactivation, resulting in depletion of glutathione and subsequent cytotoxicity. Although effects of naphthalene in mice have been extensively studied, few experiments have characterized global metabolomic changes in the lung. In individual lung regions, we found metabolomic changes in microdissected mouse lung conducting airways and parenchyma obtained from animals sacrificed at 3 timepoints following naphthalene treatment. Data on 577 unique identified metabolites were acquired by accurate mass spectrometry-based assays focusing on lipidomics and nontargeted metabolomics of hydrophilic compounds. Statistical analyses revealed distinct metabolite profiles between the 2 lung regions. Additionally, the number and magnitude of statistically significant exposure-induced changes in metabolite abundance were different between airways and parenchyma for unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines, dipeptides, purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids. Importantly, temporal changes were found to be highly distinct for male and female mice with males exhibiting predominant treatment-specific changes only at 2 h postexposure. In females, metabolomic changes persisted until 6 h postnaphthalene treatment, which may explain the previously characterized higher susceptibility of female mice to naphthalene toxicity. In both males and females, treatment-specific changes corresponding to lung remodeling, oxidative stress response, and DNA damage were observed. Overall, this study provides insights into potential mechanisms contributing to naphthalene toxicity and presents a novel approach for lung metabolomic analysis that distinguishes responses of major lung regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial C Stevens
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Patricia C Edwards
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lisa M Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Laura S Van Winkle
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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