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El-Sappah AH, Zhu Y, Huang Q, Chen B, Soaud SA, Abd Elhamid MA, Yan K, Li J, El-Tarabily KA. Plants' molecular behavior to heavy metals: from criticality to toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1423625. [PMID: 39280950 PMCID: PMC11392792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1423625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of soil and water with high levels of heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a significant obstacle to agricultural productivity and overall crop quality. Certain HMs, although serving as essential micronutrients, are required in smaller quantities for plant growth. However, when present in higher concentrations, they become very toxic. Several studies have shown that to balance out the harmful effects of HMs, complex systems are needed at the molecular, physiological, biochemical, cellular, tissue, and whole plant levels. This could lead to more crops being grown. Our review focused on HMs' resources, occurrences, and agricultural implications. This review will also look at how plants react to HMs and how they affect seed performance as well as the benefits that HMs provide for plants. Furthermore, the review examines HMs' transport genes in plants and their molecular, biochemical, and metabolic responses to HMs. We have also examined the obstacles and potential for HMs in plants and their management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yumin Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Salma A Soaud
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Bela K, Riyazuddin R, Csiszár J. Plant Glutathione Peroxidases: Non-Heme Peroxidases with Large Functional Flexibility as a Core Component of ROS-Processing Mechanisms and Signalling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081624. [PMID: 36009343 PMCID: PMC9404953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are non-heme peroxidases catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols using glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (TRX) as a reducing agent. In contrast to animal GPXs, the plant enzymes are non-seleno monomeric proteins that generally utilize TRX more effectively than GSH but can be a putative link between the two main redox systems. Because of the substantial differences compared to non-plant GPXs, use of the GPX-like (GPXL) name was suggested for Arabidopsis enzymes. GPX(L)s not only can protect cells from stress-induced oxidative damages but are crucial components of plant development and growth. Due to fine-tuning the H2O2 metabolism and redox homeostasis, they are involved in the whole life cycle even under normal growth conditions. Significantly new mechanisms were discovered related to their transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications by describing gene regulatory networks, interacting microRNA families, or identifying Lys decrotonylation in enzyme activation. Their involvement in epigenetic mechanisms was evidenced. Detailed genetic, evolutionary, and bio-chemical characterization, and comparison of the main functions of GPXs, demonstrated their species-specific roles. The multisided involvement of GPX(L)s in the regulation of the entire plant life ensure that their significance will be more widely recognized and applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Wang PL, Lei XJ, Wang YY, Liu BC, Wang DN, Liu ZY, Gao CQ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cadmium Stressed Tamarix hispida Revealed Novel Transcripts and the Importance of Abscisic Acid Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843725. [PMID: 35519810 PMCID: PMC9062237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is widely detected in soil and has been recognized as a major environmental problem. Tamarix hispida is a woody halophyte, which can form natural forest on the desert and soil with 0.5 to 1% salt content, making it an ideal plant for the research on response to abiotic stresses. However, no systematic study has investigated the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in T. hispida. In the study, RNA-seq technique was applied to analyze the transcriptomic changes in T. hispida treated with 150 μmol L-1 CdCl2 for 24, 48, and 72 h compared with control. In total, 72,764 unigenes exhibited similar sequences in the Non-redundant nucleic acid database (NR database), while 36.3% of all these unigenes may be new transcripts. In addition, 6,778, 8,282, and 8,601 DEGs were detected at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Functional annotation analysis indicated that many genes may be involved in Cd stress response, including ion bonding, signal transduction, stress sensing, hormone responses and ROS metabolism. A ThUGT gene from the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway can enhance Cd resistance ability of T. hispida by regulating the production of ROS under Cd stress and inhibit absorption of Cd. The new transcriptome resources and data that we present in this study for T. hispida may facilitate investigation of molecular mechanisms governing Cd resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan-ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai-Qiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Chandwani S, Amaresan N. Role of ACC deaminase producing bacteria for abiotic stress management and sustainable agriculture production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22843-22859. [PMID: 35050477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, drought, flooding, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal exposure, phytopathogens, and pest attacks. The stressors significantly affect agricultural productivity when exceed a certain threshold. It has been reported that most of the stressed plants are reported to have increased ethylene synthesis from its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of various physiological processes, such as respiration, nitrogen fixation, and photosynthesis. The increment in the plant hormone ethylene would reduce plant growth and development, and if the ethylene level increased beyond the limit, it could also result in plant death. Therefore, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) possessing ACC deaminase activity play an essential role in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses by hydrolysing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid using ACC deaminase. In this review, the importance of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria in promoting plant growth under various abiotic stressors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Chandwani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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Liu B, Dong P, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wen Z, Shi L, Xia Y, Chen C, Shen Z, Lian C, Chen Y. Identification and characterization of eight metallothionein genes involved in heavy metal tolerance from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14430-14442. [PMID: 34617232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine-rich, heavy metal-binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification. The increasing numbers of available genomic sequences of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi enable deeper insights into the characteristics of MT genes in these fungi that form the most important symbiosis with the host trees in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive, genome-wide inventory of MT genes from the ECM fungus Laccaria bicolor. Eight MT genes in L. bicolor were cloned, and the expression patterns of their transcripts at various developmental stages based on expressed sequence tag (EST) counts were analyzed. The expression levels of four MTs were significantly increased during symbiosis stages. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that transcripts of LbMT1 were dominant in free-living mycelia and strongly induced by excessive copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To determine whether these eight MTs functioned as metal chelators, we expressed them in the Cu- and Cd-sensitive yeast mutants, cup1∆ and yap1∆, respectively. All LbMT proteins provided similar levels of Cu(II) or Cd(II) tolerance, but did not affect by H2O2. Our findings provide novel data on the evolution and diversification of fungal MT gene duplicates, a valuable resource for understanding the vast array of biological processes in which these proteins are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinzhe Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihang Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhugui Wen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
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Riyazuddin R, Nisha N, Ejaz B, Khan MIR, Kumar M, Ramteke PW, Gupta R. A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 35053191 PMCID: PMC8774178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their -SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nisha Nisha
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Plant Protection Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary;
| | - Bushra Ejaz
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - M. Iqbal R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur 458001, India;
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Nabi A, Naeem M, Aftab T, Khan MMA, Ahmad P. A comprehensive review of adaptations in plants under arsenic toxicity: Physiological, metabolic and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118029. [PMID: 34474375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is recognized as a toxic metalloid and a severe threat to biodiversity due to its contamination. Soil and groundwater contamination with this metalloid has become a major concern. Large fractions of cultivable lands are becoming infertile gradually due to the irrigation of As contaminated water released from various sources. The toxicity of As causes the generation of free radicals, which are harmful to cellular metabolism and functions of plants. It alters the growth, metabolic, physiological, and molecular functions of the plants due to oxidative burst. Plants employ different signaling mechanisms to face the As toxicity like phosphate cascade, MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase), Ca-calmodulin, hormones, and ROS-signaling. The toxicity of As may significantly be reduced through various remediation techniques. Among them, the microbial-assisted remediation technique is cost-effective and eco-friendly. It breaks down the metalloid into less harmful species through various processes viz. biovolatilization, biomethylation, and transformation. Moreover, the adaptation strategies towards As toxicity are vacuolar sequestration, involvement of plant defense mechanism, and restricting its uptake from plant roots to above-ground parts. The speciation, uptake, transport, metabolism, ion dynamics, signaling pathways, crosstalk with phytohormones and gaseous molecules, as well as harmful impacts of the As on physiological processes, overall development of plants and remediation techniques are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarifa Nabi
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dubey AK, Kumar A, Kumar N, Kumar S, Gautam A, Ansari MA, Manika N, Lal S, Behera SK, Mallick S, Sanyal I. Over-expression of chickpea metallothionein 1 gene confers tolerance against major toxic heavy metal stress in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2665-2678. [PMID: 35035129 PMCID: PMC8720129 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Heavy metals are ubiquitously present in nature, including soil, water, and thus in plants, thereby causing a potential health risk. This study has investigated the role and efficiency of the chickpea metallothionein 1 (MT1) gene against the major toxic heavy metals, i.e., As [As(III) and As(V)], Cr(VI), and Cd toxicity. MT1 over-expressing transgenic lines had reduced As(V) and Cr(VI) accumulation, whereas Cd accumulation was enhanced in the L3 line. The physiological responses (WUE, A, Gs, E, ETR, and qP) were noted to be enhanced in transgenic plants, whereas qN was decreased. Similarly, the antioxidant molecules and enzymatic activities (GSH/GSSG, Asc/DHA, APX, GPX, and GRX) were higher in the transgenic plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD, APX, GPX, and POD, were highest in the Cd-treated lines, whereas higher CAT activity was observed in As(V)-L1 and GRX in Cr-L3 line. The stress markers TBARS, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage were lower in transgenic lines in comparison to WT, while RWC was enhanced in the transgenic lines, and the transcript of MT1 gene was accumulated in the transgenic lines. Similarly, the level of stress-responsive amino acid cysteine was higher in transgenic plants as compared to WT plants. Among all the heavy metals, MT1 over-expressing lines showed a highly increased accumulation of Cd, whereas a non-significant effect was observed with As(III) treatment. Overall, the results demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with the MT1 gene mitigates heavy metal stress by regulating the defense mechanisms in plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01103-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Sanoj Kumar
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Ambedkar Gautam
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Mohd Akram Ansari
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - N. Manika
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Swati Lal
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Soumit Kumar Behera
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- Plant Transgenic Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
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Tarrahi R, Mahjouri S, Khataee A. A review on in vivo and in vitro nanotoxicological studies in plants: A headlight for future targets. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111697. [PMID: 33396028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unique properties and useful applications in numerous fields, nanomaterials (NMs) received a great attention. The mass production of NMs has raised major concern for the environment. Recently, some altered growth patterns in plants have been reported due to the plant-NMs interactions. However, for NMs safe applications in agriculture and medicine, a comprehensive understanding of bio-nano interactions is crucial. The main goal of this review article is to summarize the results of the toxicological studies that have shown the in vitro and in vivo interactions of NMs with plants. The toxicity mechanisms are briefly discussed in plants as the defense mechanism works to overcome the stress caused by NMs implications. Indeed, the impact of NMs on plants varies significantly with many factors including physicochemical properties of NMs, culture media, and plant species. To investigate the impacts, dose metrics is an important analysis for assaying toxicity and is discussed in the present article to broadly open up different aspects of nanotoxicological investigations. To access reliable quantification and measurement in laboratories, standardized methodologies are crucial for precise dose delivery of NMs to plants during exposure. Altogether, the information is significant to researchers to describe restrictions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Tarrahi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mahjouri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
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Mo F, Li H, Li Y, Cui W, Wang M, Li Z, Chai R, Wang H. Toxicity of Ag + on microstructure, biochemical activities and genic material of Trifolium pratense L. seedlings with special reference to phytoremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110499. [PMID: 32208213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate Ag+ toxicity in Trifolium pratense L. seedlings subjected to increasing doses of Ag+ by determining photosynthetic pigment and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, microstructure and hereditary substance alterations, changes in activities of antioxidase-superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the content of total Ag absorbed in vivo with evaluation of root growth. Doses of approximately 80 mg L-1 Ag+ severely affected photosynthetic efficiency in Trifolium pratense L. seedlings promoted by damages in photosynthetic apparatus evidenced by downward trend in photosynthetic pigment contents and obvious chlorosis. Alterations in enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation, genic material damage and the presence of Ag+in vivo had impacted on photosynthetic machinery as well. A hormesis effect was observed at 60 mg L-1 Ag+ for the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidase for Trifolium pratense L. seedlings. Tissue changes (i.e., roots, stems and leaves) observed in fluorescence microscope with obvious chlorosis, roots blackening and formation of agglomerated black particles, were related to the lesion promoted by excessive ROS in vivo. Asynchronous change of antioxidase activity corresponded to the alteration in the MDA content, indicating the synchronization in the elimination of ROS. The changes occurred in RAPD profiles of treated samples following Ag+ toxicity containing loss of normal bands, appearance of new bands and variation in band intensity compared to the normal plants with a dose-dependent effect. On average, the roots of Trifolium pratense L. immobilized 92.20% of the total Ag absorbed as a metal exclusion response. Root growth was significantly sensitive to Ag+ stress with obvious hormesis, which corresponded to the changes in Ag uptake, demonstrating the functional alterations in plants. To sum up, we suggest that modulating the genotype of Trifolium pratense L. seedlings to bear higher proportion of pollutants is conducive to contamination site treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Weina Cui
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang Branch, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Rui Chai
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Ye Y, Wang J, Wang W, Xu LA. ARF family identification in Tamarix chinensis reveals the salt responsive expression of TcARF6 targeted by miR167. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8829. [PMID: 32219037 PMCID: PMC7085291 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors (TFs) that are differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. The important roles of ARFs and small RNA-ARF pathways in mediating plant growth and stress responses have emerged in several recent studies. However, no studies on the involvement of ARFs in tamarisk trees, which are resistant to salinity, have been conducted. In this study, systematic analysis revealed 12 TcARF genes belonging to five different groups in Tamarix chinensis. The microRNA response elements of miR160, which belongs to group I and miR167, which belongs to group III, were conserved in terms of their location and sequence. Moreover, digital gene expression profiles suggested that a potential miR167 target gene, TcARF6, was rapidly expressed in response to salt stress. Cloning of TcARF6 revealed that TcARF6 could be an activation TF with a glutamine-rich region and expression pattern analysis revealed that the expression of TcARF6 was significantly downregulated specifically in the roots. A significant negative correlation in the expression pattern of tch-miR167/TcARF6 indicated that this module may play a key role in the response to salt stress. Overall, these results provide basic information on the posttranscriptional regulation of TcARF6 for future investigations of the T. chinensis salt-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youju Ye
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu S, Jiang L, Hu L. Identification of the metallothionein gene family from cucumber and functional characterization of CsMT4 in Escherichia coli under salinity and osmotic stress. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:394. [PMID: 31656732 PMCID: PMC6789051 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) proteins are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich and metal-binding proteins that play important roles in the maintenance of metal homeostasis and detoxification, but their roles in abiotic stress tolerance remain largely unknown. In this study, three MT family genes (CsMT2, CsMT3 and CsMT4) were identified in the cucumber genome. CsMT2, CsMT3 and CsMT4 possessed 14, 10, and 18 Cys residues, which were clustered into 2, 2, and 3 Cys-rich regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of MTs from cucumber, Arabidopsis and soybean revealed that these MTs were clustered into four groups in accordance with the MT types (types 1-4). An analysis of the cis-acting regulatory elements revealed that a series of hormone-, stress-, and development-related cis-elements were present in the promoter regions of CsMT genes. Expression pattern analysis by RT-PCR showed that the CsMT genes exhibited different tissue expression patterns. CsMT2 showed relatively higher expression in stem, leaf, and flower; CsMT3 was mainly expressed in leaf, flower, and fruit, while CsMT4 was highly expressed in fruit and leaf. The qRT-PCR results showed that the CsMT genes were induced by various stress treatments including NaCl, PEG, and ABA, while CsMT4 displayed much higher expression levels in response to these stresses than CsMT2 and CsMT3. Escherichia coli cells expressing CsMT4 exhibited higher salinity and osmotic tolerance compared with control cells, indicating the significant function of CsMT4 to confer tolerance to these stresses. These results lay a foundation for further research on the function of MT family genes in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Institute of Biotechnology and Physical Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Institute of Biotechnology and Physical Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Lunwei Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Physical Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
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Talebi M, Tabatabaei BES, Akbarzadeh H. Hyperaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Azolla species inducing expression of methallothionein and phytochelatin synthase genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:488-497. [PMID: 31121512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Azolla is a floating aquatic fern, having amazing capacity for concentrating toxic heavy metals. Metallothioneins (MTs) and phytochelatins (PCs) are well-defined heavy metal-binding ligands in plants. Bioaccumulation potential of different Azolla species varies according to their heavy metal ions. Therefore, the accumulation of Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd was studied in A. pinnata, A. filiculoides, and a sample taken from Anzali wetland. Moreover, the expression of metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase encoding genes was examined at different metal concentrations. The highest level of Cu and Cd absorption was detected in A. pinnata, while the maximum amount of Ni and Zn absorption was observed in A. filiculoides and the sample taken from Anzali, respectively. The MT2 and PCS1 gene expression patterns were significantly induced by the heavy metal treatments, confirming their roles in phytoremediation potential of Azolla. However, as the results concerning heavy metal accumulation and gene expression vary in different species, only specific species of Azolla can be used for special purposes. It can be concluded that the Azolla is a good candidate for phytoremediation purposes, and the formation of phytochelatin-heavy metal complexes and their sequestration in vacuole are the main processes influencing susceptibility of Azolla to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Talebi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran
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Overexpression of a Metallothionein 2A Gene from Date Palm Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance to Yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122871. [PMID: 31212812 PMCID: PMC6627811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the date palm tree is an extremophile with tolerance to drought and certain levels of salinity, the damage caused by extreme salt concentrations in the soil, has created a need to explore stress-responsive traits and decode their mechanisms. Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich proteins that are known to play a role in decreasing oxidative damage during abiotic stress conditions. Our previous study identified date palm metallothionein 2A (PdMT2A) as a salt-responsive gene, which has been functionally characterized in yeast and Arabidopsis in this study. The recombinant PdMT2A protein produced in Escherichia coli showed high reactivity against the substrate 5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), implying that the protein has the property of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Heterologous overexpression of PdMT2A in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) conferred tolerance to drought, salinity and oxidative stresses. The PdMT2A gene was also overexpressed in Arabidopsis, to assess its stress protective function in planta. Compared to the wild-type control, the transgenic plants accumulated less Na+ and maintained a high K+/Na+ ratio, which could be attributed to the regulatory role of the transgene on transporters such as HKT, as demonstrated by qPCR assay. In addition, transgenic lines exhibited higher chlorophyll content, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and improved scavenging ability for reactive oxygen species (ROS), coupled with a better survival rate during salt stress conditions. Similarly, the transgenic plants also displayed better drought and oxidative stress tolerance. Collectively, both in vitro and in planta studies revealed a role for PdMT2A in salt, drought, and oxidative stress tolerance.
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15
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Analysis of potential strategies for cadmium stress tolerance revealed by transcriptome analysis of upland cotton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 30643161 PMCID: PMC6331580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, heavy metal pollution has become a more serious global problem, and all countries are actively engaged in finding methods to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the roots of cotton grown under three different cadmium concentrations, and analysed the potential strategies for coping with cadmium stress. Through Gene Ontology analysis, we found that most of the genes differentially regulated under cadmium stress were associated with catalytic activity and binding action, especially metal iron binding, and specific metabolic and cellular processes. The genes responsive to cadmium stress were mainly related to membrane and response to stimulus. The KEGG pathways enriched differentially expressed genes were associated with secondary metabolite production, Starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanina metalism and biosynthesis, in order to improve the activity of antioxidant system, repair systems and transport system and reduction of cadmium toxicity. There are three main mechanisms by which cotton responds to cadmium stress: thickening of physical barriers, oxidation resistance and detoxification complexation. Meanwhile, identified a potential cotton-specific stress response pathway involving brassinolide, and ethylene signaling pathways. Further investigation is needed to define the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to cadmium stress. In this study potential coping strategies of cotton root under cadmium stress were revealed. Our findings can guide the selection of cotton breeds that absorb high levels of cadmium.
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16
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Zhang H, Lv S, Xu H, Hou D, Li Y, Wang F. H₂O₂ Is Involved in the Metallothionein-Mediated Rice Tolerance to Copper and Cadmium Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102083. [PMID: 28974021 PMCID: PMC5666765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and excess copper (Cu) are toxic to plants, causing a wide range of deleterious effects including the formation of reactive oxygen species. Metallothioneins (MTs) may protect plant cells from heavy metal toxicity by chelating heavy metals via cysteine thiol groups. They may also function as antioxidants. The study investigated the relationship of H₂O₂ production and ricMT expression in rice radicles and rice suspension cells under Cu or Cd stress. The results showed that H₂O₂ production in the rice radicles increased before Cu-induced ricMT expression, and after Cd-induced ricMT expression. Rice suspension cells of sense- and antisense-ricMT transgenic lines were obtained by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of ricMT significantly decreased the death rate of rice cells, which was accompanied by blocked H₂O₂ accumulation in rice suspension cells subject to Cu and Cd stress. Our findings confirm that H₂O₂ is involved in the MT-mediated tolerance of Cu and Cd toxicity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Shufang Lv
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Dianyun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Vera-Estrella R, Gómez-Méndez MF, Amezcua-Romero JC, Barkla BJ, Rosas-Santiago P, Pantoja O. Cadmium and zinc activate adaptive mechanisms in Nicotiana tabacum similar to those observed in metal tolerant plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:433-451. [PMID: 28455771 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Tobacco germinated and grew in the presence of high concentrations of cadmium and zinc without toxic symptoms. Evidence suggests that these ions are sequestered into the vacuole by heavy metal/H + exchanger mechanisms. Heavy metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance are traits shared by a small set of plants which show specialized physiological and molecular adaptations allowing them to accumulate and sequester toxic metal ions. Nicotiana tabacum was used to test its potential as a metal-accumulator in a glass house experiment. Seed germination was not affected in the presence of increasing concentrations of zinc and cadmium. Juvenile and adult plants could concentrate CdCl2 and ZnSO4 to levels exceeding those in the hydroponic growth medium and maintained or increased their leaf dry weight when treated with 0.5- or 1-mM CdCl2 or 1-mM ZnSO4 for 5 days. Accumulation of heavy metals did not affect the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, while variable effects were observed in cell sap osmolarity. Heavy metal-dependent H+ transport across the vacuole membrane was monitored using quinacrine fluorescence quenching. Cadmium- or zinc-dependent fluorescence recovery revealed that increasing concentrations of heavy metals stimulated the activities of the tonoplast Cd2+ or Zn2+/H+ exchangers. Immunodetection of the V-ATPase subunits showed that the increased proton transport by zinc was not due to changes in protein amount. MTP1 and MTP4 immunodetection and semiquantitative RT-PCR of NtMTP1, NtNRAMP1, and NtZIP1 helped to identify the genes that are likely involved in sequestration of cadmium and zinc in the leaf and root tissue. Finally, we demonstrated that cadmium and zinc treatments induced an accumulation of zinc in leaf tissues. This study shows that N. tabacum possesses a hyperaccumulation response, and thus could be used for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - María F Gómez-Méndez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julio C Amezcua-Romero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, UNAM, Blvd. UNAM 2011, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Paul Rosas-Santiago
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Tarrahi R, Khataee A, Movafeghi A, Rezanejad F, Gohari G. Toxicological implications of selenium nanoparticles with different coatings along with Se 4+ on Lemna minor. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:655-665. [PMID: 28476005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have potential high risks for living organisms in the environment due to their specific qualities and their easy access. In the present study, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with two different coatings (l-cysteine and tannic acid) were synthesized. The characteristics of particles were analyzed using XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The impact of the nanoparticles besides Se4+, on the aquatic higher plant Lemna minor was evaluated and compared. Entrance of l-cysteine and tannic acid capped Se NPs in the roots of Lemna minor was proved by TEM and fluorescence microscopy. Adverse effects of mentioned NPs and differences of these effects from those by sodium selenite as the ionic form were assessed by a range of biophysicochemical tests. Altogether, the results asserted that Lemna minor was notably poisoned by both capped Se NPs and Se4+. Thus, growth and photosynthetic pigments were decreased while lipid peroxidation along with total phenol and flavonoid contents were raised. Eventually some changes in enzymatic activities were presented. To sum up the consequences, it can be concluded that all changes occurred due to the plant defense system especially in order to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possible phytotoxicity originated by l- cysteine and tannic acid capped Se NPs in addition to Se4+. The influence of tannic acid capped Se NPs after sodium selenite is stronger by the means of antioxidant enzymes activity in comparison with l-cysteine capped Se NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Tarrahi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Rezanejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Plant Productions, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Subtractive transcriptome analysis of leaf and rhizome reveals differentially expressed transcripts in Panax sokpayensis. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:619-639. [PMID: 27586658 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was used to identify rare and differentially expressed transcripts in leaf and rhizome tissues of Panax sokpayensis. Out of 1102 randomly picked clones, 513 and 374 high quality expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) were generated from leaf and rhizome subtractive libraries, respectively. Out of them, 64.92 % ESTs from leaf and 69.26 % ESTs from rhizome SSH libraries were assembled into different functional categories, while others were of unknown function. In particular, ESTs encoding galactinol synthase 2, ribosomal RNA processing Brix domain protein, and cell division cycle protein 20.1, which are involved in plant growth and development, were most abundant in the leaf SSH library. Other ESTs encoding protein KIAA0664 homologue, ubiquitin-activating enzyme e11, and major latex protein, which are involved in plant immunity and defense response, were most abundant in the rhizome SSH library. Subtractive ESTs also showed similarity with genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway, namely farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and dammarenediol synthase. Expression profiles of selected ESTs validated the quality of libraries and confirmed their differential expression in the leaf, stem, and rhizome tissues. In silico comparative analyses revealed that around 13.75 % of unigenes from the leaf SSH library were not represented in the available leaf transcriptome of Panax ginseng. Similarly, around 18.12, 23.75, 25, and 6.25 % of unigenes from the rhizome SSH library were not represented in available root/rhizome transcriptomes of P. ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax vietnamensis, respectively, indicating a major fraction of novel ESTs. Therefore, these subtractive transcriptomes provide valuable resources for gene discovery in P. sokpayensis and would complement the available transcriptomes from other Panax species.
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Liu J, Shi X, Qian M, Zheng L, Lian C, Xia Y, Shen Z. Copper-induced hydrogen peroxide upregulation of a metallothionein gene, OsMT2c, from Oryza sativa L. confers copper tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 294:99-108. [PMID: 25867584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in numerous genera and species, but their functions in abiotic stress tolerance remain unclear. Here, a MT gene from Oryza sativa, OsMT2c, was isolated and characterized, encoding a type 2 MT, and observed expression in the roots, leaf sheathes, and leaves, but only weak expression in seeds. OsMT2c was upregulated by copper (Cu) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments. Excessive Cu elicited a rapid and sustained production and release of H2O2 in rice, and exogenous H2O2 scavengers N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and ascorbic acid (Asc) decreased H2O2 production and OsMT2c expression. Furthermore, the expression of OsMT2c increased in the osapx2 mutant in which the H2O2 levels were higher than in wild-type (WT) plants. These results showed that Cu increased MT2c expression through the production and accumulation of Cu-induced H2O2 in O. sativa. In addition, the transgenic OsMT2c-overexpressing Arabidopsis displayed improved tolerance to Cu stress and exhibited increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability compared to WT and empty-vector (Ev) seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Yang M, Zhang F, Wang F, Dong Z, Cao Q, Chen M. Characterization of a Type 1 Metallothionein Gene from the Stresses-Tolerant Plant Ziziphus jujuba. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16750-62. [PMID: 26213917 PMCID: PMC4581167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, and metal-binding proteins, which play an important role in the detoxification of heavy metal ions, osmotic stresses, and hormone treatment. Sequence analysis revealed that the open-reading frame (ORF) of ZjMT was 225 bp, which encodes a protein composed of 75 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 7.376 kDa and a predicated isoelectric point (pI) of 4.83. ZjMT belongs to the type I MT, which consists of two highly conserved cysteine-rich terminal domains linked by a cysteine free region. Our studies showed that ZjMT was primarily localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells and ZjMT expression was up-regulated by NaCl, CdCl2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. Constitutive expression of ZjMT in wild type Arabidopsis plants enhanced their tolerance to NaCl stress during the germination stage. Compared with the wild type, transgenic plants accumulate more Cd2+ in root, but less in leaf, suggesting that ZjMT may have a function in Cd2+ retension in roots and, therefore, decrease the toxicity of Cd2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yang
- The Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Pomology Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taigu 030815, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Jinguo Museum of Shanxi Province, Linfen 043400, China.
| | - Zhigang Dong
- Pomology Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taigu 030815, China.
| | - Qiufen Cao
- The Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Biotechnology Research Center of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Mingchang Chen
- The Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Department of Agriculture Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002, China.
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22
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Anjum NA, Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, Thangavel P, Roychoudhury A, Gill SS, Rodrigo MAM, Adam V, Fujita M, Kizek R, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I. Jacks of metal/metalloid chelation trade in plants-an overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:192. [PMID: 25883598 PMCID: PMC4382971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Varied environmental compartments including soils are being contaminated by a myriad toxic metal(loid)s (hereafter termed as "metal/s") mainly through anthropogenic activities. These metals may contaminate food chain and bring irreparable consequences in human. Plant-based approach (phytoremediation) stands second to none among bioremediation technologies meant for sustainable cleanup of soils/sites with metal-contamination. In turn, the capacity of plants to tolerate potential consequences caused by the extracted/accumulated metals decides the effectiveness and success of phytoremediation system. Chelation is among the potential mechanisms that largely govern metal-tolerance in plant cells by maintaining low concentrations of free metals in cytoplasm. Metal-chelation can be performed by compounds of both thiol origin (such as GSH, glutathione; PCs, phytochelatins; MTs, metallothioneins) and non-thiol origin (such as histidine, nicotianamine, organic acids). This paper presents an appraisal of recent reports on both thiol and non-thiol compounds in an effort to shed light on the significance of these compounds in plant-metal tolerance, as well as to provide scientific clues for the advancement of metal-phytoextraction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A. Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Palaniswamy Thangavel
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar UniversitySalem, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)Kolkata, India
| | - Sarvajeet S. Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
| | - Miguel A. Merlos Rodrigo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityMiki-cho, Japan
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Armando C. Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
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Parrotta L, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Cai G, Hausman JF. Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later-diverging plants vs cadmium toxicity: differences in the response mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:133. [PMID: 25814996 PMCID: PMC4357295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrialization and urbanization result in emission of pollutants in the environment including toxic heavy metals, as cadmium and lead. Among the different heavy metals contaminating the environment, cadmium raises great concern, as it is ecotoxic and as such can heavily impact ecosystems. The cell wall is the first structure of plant cells to come in contact with heavy metals. Its composition, characterized by proteins, polysaccharides and in some instances lignin and other phenolic compounds, confers the ability to bind non-covalently and/or covalently heavy metals via functional groups. A strong body of evidence in the literature has shown the role of the cell wall in heavy metal response: it sequesters heavy metals, but at the same time its synthesis and composition can be severely affected. The present review analyzes the dual property of plant cell walls, i.e., barrier and target of heavy metals, by taking Cd toxicity as example. Following a summary of the known physiological and biochemical responses of plants to Cd, the review compares the wall-related mechanisms in early- and later-diverging land plants, by considering the diversity in cell wall composition. By doing so, common as well as unique response mechanisms to metal/cadmium toxicity are identified among plant phyla and discussed. After discussing the role of hyperaccumulators' cell walls as a particular case, the review concludes by considering important aspects for plant engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y. Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:756120. [PMID: 25688377 PMCID: PMC4321847 DOI: 10.1155/2015/756120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic levels have the capability to interact with several vital cellular biomolecules such as nuclear proteins and DNA, leading to excessive augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This would inflict serious morphological, metabolic, and physiological anomalies in plants ranging from chlorosis of shoot to lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. In response, plants are equipped with a repertoire of mechanisms to counteract heavy metal (HM) toxicity. The key elements of these are chelating metals by forming phytochelatins (PCs) or metallothioneins (MTs) metal complex at the intra- and intercellular level, which is followed by the removal of HM ions from sensitive sites or vacuolar sequestration of ligand-metal complex. Nonenzymatically synthesized compounds such as proline (Pro) are able to strengthen metal-detoxification capacity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Another important additive component of plant defense system is symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM can effectively immobilize HMs and reduce their uptake by host plants via binding metal ions to hyphal cell wall and excreting several extracellular biomolecules. Additionally, AM fungi can enhance activities of antioxidant defense machinery of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghassem Emamverdian
- Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Farzad Mokhberdoran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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