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Wu Y, Bo W, Li M, Liu L, Wu H. The moderating role of coping styles on the associations of fatigue with life satisfaction in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:546. [PMID: 39135080 PMCID: PMC11318252 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue affects nurses negatively and may influence life satisfaction. According to the stress process model, active coping might influence the impact of adverse conditions such as fatigue on well-being measures such as life satisfaction. However, no research examined the associations among nurses' fatigue, coping styles, and life satisfaction. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China. 482 effective questionnaires were collected (effective response rate of 80.3%). The questionnaire included Fatigue Scale-14, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The association among fatigue, coping styles and fatigue × coping styles interaction with life satisfaction was examined by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The interaction was visualized by simple slope analysis. RESULTS Mean score of life satisfaction was 22.74 ± 6.11. Active coping moderated the relationship between mental fatigue and life satisfaction. The impacts of mental fatigue on life satisfaction gradually decreased in the low (1 SD below the mean, β=-0.400, P < 0.001), mean (β=-0.312, P < 0.001), and high (1 SD above the mean, β=-0.224, P < 0.001) groups of active coping. CONCLUSION The life satisfaction of Chinese nurses was relatively low. Active coping could alleviate the impact of mental fatigue on life satisfaction. Developing active coping styles might be a crucial strategy to alleviate nurses' mental fatigue and improve life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Bo
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Pi Y, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang F. Reciprocal longitudinal relations between self-efficacy and coping style: The explanatory mechanism of future self-continuity. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1078-1090. [PMID: 38506257 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that self-efficacy and coping styles are related. However, whether there is a reciprocal longitudinal relation between self-efficacy and coping styles needs to be examined. In this longitudinal study, we tested the reciprocal impacts of self-efficacy and coping styles, taking into account the role of future self-continuity (FSC) in these effects. METHODS The sample included 346 university students in central and southwestern China (48.3% female; Mage = 21.20). Three waves of questionnaire data were collected at half-year intervals. Cross-lagged models were adopted for data analysis. RESULTS Self-efficacy at Waves 1 and 2 positively predicted positive coping style at Waves 2 and 3, and positive coping style at Waves 1 and 2 positively predicted self-efficacy at Waves 2 and 3. Self-efficacy at Waves 1 and 2 negatively predicted negative coping style at Waves 2 and 3, while negative coping style at Waves 1 and 2 did not significantly predict self-efficacy at Waves 2 and 3. These results indicated the reciprocal causation of self-efficacy and coping styles. Additionally, the mediation analysis revealed that FSC at Wave 2 played a mediating role in the unidirectional association between self-efficacy at Wave 1 and negative coping style at Wave 3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that self-efficacy and coping style have mutual influences over time partly explained by university students' FSC. Consequently, the results offer potential applied value for promoting positive coping strategies among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Liu S, Xu J, Cao H, An Y, Li Y, Li Z, Gao MM, Han ZR. Changes in emotion regulation strategies during the pandemic: prospective pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38837359 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation (ER) is considered central in adolescent psychopathology, and ER strategies may change during challenging times, such as a global pandemic. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding of individual differences in ER mechanisms and their associations with psychopathology. This study examined whether and how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and self-compassion changed over COVID-19 and how these changes uniquely predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms. METHODS A total of 2,411 adolescents (58.6% females; Mage = 18.51, SD = 0.80) completed the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Self-compassion Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90 before COVID-19 (in 2019) and during COVID-19 (in 2020). The predictive associations between each ER strategy and depressive symptoms were tested with latent change score models. RESULTS Adolescents' use of expressive suppression and self-compassion strategies both increased during COVID-19. More increases in expressive suppression predicted more depressive symptoms, whereas more increases in self-compassion predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Although, on average, cognitive reappraisal did not change, it did show significant variations within the sample - increases (vs. decreases) in cognitive appraisal predicted fewer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates how adolescents' ER strategies changed during the unprecedented global pandemic. It underscores protective roles of increased cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion, as well as the adverse consequence of heightened expressive suppression on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Findings offer insights for targeted interventions aimed at addressing specific ER strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Miranda Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Kalaitzaki A, Theodoratou M, Tsouvelas G, Tamiolaki A, Konstantakopoulos G. Coping profiles and their association with vicarious post-traumatic growth among nurses during the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38225790 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine (a) changes in coping strategies and vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG) across three timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses; (b) discrete groups of nurses with unique coping profiles and (c) the association of these coping profiles with VPTG across the timepoints. BACKGROUND Although literature abounds with the negative mental health consequences of the pandemic among healthcare professionals, much less is known about the positive consequences on nurses, the coping strategies that they use, and how these change over time. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional web-based survey at three timepoints during the pandemic. METHODS A sample of 429 nurses completed online the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) to measure vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG) and coping strategies, respectively. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. RESULTS Significantly higher VPTG scores were observed during the third timepoint. Different coping strategies were employed across the three timepoints. Nurses responded to the pandemic either with an active, an avoidant or a passive coping profile. Significantly higher VPTG levels were reported by the nurses of the active profile compared to those of the passive profile, whereas the difference between active and avoidant profiles was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the preponderance of the nurses with the active coping profile in achieving high VPTG, the avoidant copers had more gains (VPTG) than the passive copers, suggesting that doing something to cope with the stressor-let it be trying to avoid it-was better than doing nothing. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The identification of distinct coping profiles among nurses and their association with VPTG is of particular use to policymakers and practitioners in developing tailored prevention and intervention efforts to help the nurses effectively manage the demands of the pandemic. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution since the study was exclusively conducted by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyroula Kalaitzaki
- Department of Social Work, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of AgriFood and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Theodoratou
- School of Humanistic Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Pafos, Cyprus
- School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University of Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
| | - George Tsouvelas
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tamiolaki
- Department of Social Work, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Konstantakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Spaan P, van den Boogert F, Bouman YHA, Hoogendijk WJG, Roza SJ. How are you coping? Stress, coping, burnout, and aggression in forensic mental healthcare workers. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1301878. [PMID: 38274695 PMCID: PMC10808574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perceived stress at work has been linked to several adverse outcomes in workers, including increased risk of burnout and aggression (e.g., anger and irritability). However, much remains unknown about factors that might mitigate the negative influences of perceived stress on workers' well-being. This study focusses on coping as a possible protective factor against perceived stress and its consequences in forensic mental healthcare workers. We aimed to identify which higher-order coping factors were present in this worker sample and to investigate whether these coping factors modify the associations between perceived stress and burnout or aggression. Methods For this observational survey study, 116 forensic mental healthcare workers completed questionnaires assessing changes in work situation since the start of COVID-19, perceived stress, coping, burnout symptoms, and aggression. Results Results from principal component analysis indicated that four higher-order coping factors could be distinguished: social support and emotional coping, positive cognitive restructuring, problem-focused coping, and passive coping. Higher perceived stress levels were associated with higher levels of both burnout and aggression in workers. Problem-focused coping was associated with less burnout symptoms in workers. Furthermore, positive cognitive restructuring was associated with less aggression in workers. Discussion In conclusion, problem-focused coping and positive cognitive restructuring may protect workers against burnout symptoms and aggression and these results may inform future studies on preventive interventions aimed at promoting worker's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascalle Spaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Research, Transfore, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Frank van den Boogert
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Science and Treatment Innovation, Fivoor, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sabine J. Roza
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Liegey Dougall A, Heller AC, Iyer-Eimerbrink P, Bland MK, Hull K. Do Social Support and Loneliness Influence Emerging Adults' Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38137139 PMCID: PMC10741457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths' mental health is at a crisis level, with mental health problems doubling in the US since the pandemic began. To compound the mental health crisis, there is a global loneliness epidemic, with emerging adults worldwide experiencing some of the highest rates. One study with two phases examined the influence of social support and loneliness on mental health in US emerging adults during the pandemic, including changes in these relationships over one year. Emerging adults (N = 449) completed online questionnaires via Prolific in May 2020 (Phase 1) and again from January to May 2021 (N = 253; Phase 2). More perceived support was related to reduced loneliness, with family support having the most significant influence. Loneliness mediated the link between perceived support and adverse health outcomes. Higher loneliness predicted more perceived stress and sleep difficulties concurrently and over time. There was a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression, such that higher levels of either variable at Time 1 predicted increases in the other over time. Results highlight the detrimental impact of loneliness on emerging adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Abigail C. Heller
- Department of Psychology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Priya Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA;
| | - Michelle K. Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristen Hull
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
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Ding H, Xu Z, Hu W, Guo Y, Wang C, Li S, Hui Z, Wang J, Peng X, Xia W. Changes of stressful life events, coping strategies and mental health among youths in the pre- and post-coronavirus 2019 pandemic era: A cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:2018-2030. [PMID: 37528555 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231188321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pandemic era, stressful life events (StressLEv) aggravated the impact on mental health. However, youths exhibited different responses to StressLEv because of diverse coping strategies, social support, and emotional intelligence before and after the pandemic. AIMS To explore the changes in StressLEv and coping strategies before and after the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, as well as report the associations among mental health and related factors in a sample of Chinese youths experiencing the post-pandemic era. METHOD A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2022, covering 3,038 youths aged 14 to 25 in China. Multiple logistic regression was conducted for crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs. The relationships between lasso-selected variables was examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS More StressLEv and limited coping strategies were reported after the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, BSI-positive youths (youths diagnosed as considered case by Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI) reported more StressLEv (BSI-positive: mean = 75.47; BSI-negative: mean = 28.69), less social support (BSI-positive: mean = 31.81; BSI-negative: mean = 39.22), and lower emotional intelligence (BSI-positive: mean = 75.34; BSI-negative: mean = 89.42). The willingness to engage in mental health counseling (OR: no vs. yes: 1.89; uncertain vs. yes: 4.42), being punished (OR: 1.27), adaptation problems (OR: 1.06), task-oriented coping (OR: 0.95), social diversion coping (OR: 0.90), objective support (OR: 0.90), utilization of social support (OR: 0.81), and regulation of emotion in oneself (OR: 0.94) were associated with mental health. Structural equation modeling supported our theoretical framework. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic-induced mental health problems should not be ignored. The proposed response mechanisms could guide the development of effective interventions, which can help youths better cope with StressLEv and maintain good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiao Ding
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziruo Xu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wangjing Hu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yannan Guo
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cailing Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengyang Hui
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinran Peng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Doyle O, Wood EK, Sullivan EL, Mackiewicz-Seghete K, Graham A, Gustafsson HC. COVID-19 pandemic-related trauma symptoms are associated with postpartum alcohol consumption. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 85:19-27. [PMID: 37729720 PMCID: PMC10841071 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to escalations in substance use, including alcohol consumption. Of particular concern are the potential impacts during the postpartum period, a time of heightened vulnerability to stress and potential transmission of the negative sequelae of substance use to offspring. However, postpartum alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been well characterized. METHOD Postpartum drinking habits and COVID-19-related stress were repeatedly assessed (every two weeks for 12 weeks, and at one-, six-, and 12-months postpartum) from N = 378 individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Average alcohol use trajectories as well as heterogeneity in trajectories were characterized. COVID-19-related trauma symptoms and coping were examined in relation to alcohol use over time. RESULTS Average postpartum alcohol use included an initial quadratic increase from one-to-four-months postpartum, followed by a plateau between four-to-12-months. Higher (15.08%), moderate (26.90%), and lower consumption (57.90%) subgroups were identified. Endorsement of COVID-19-related trauma symptoms and using alcohol to cope with stress predicted higher consumption. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a potential sensitive period in establishing postpartum alcohol use patterns from one-to-four-months postpartum. Findings further suggest that postpartum alcohol use is heterogenous and that individual response to major traumatic stressors, like the COVID-19 pandemic, may influence emerging patterns of postpartum alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Doyle
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Wood
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | | | - Alice Graham
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Hanna C Gustafsson
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Wójtowicz-Szefler M, Grzankowska I, Deja M. The mental condition of Polish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257384. [PMID: 37915812 PMCID: PMC10617677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the experience of the COVID-19 global pandemic has significantly affected the mental condition of entire societies by increasing anxiety and stress resulting from its sudden and completely unexpected nature. In Poland, apart from the pandemic, there is an ongoing threat of an armed conflict just across the border, which can constitute direct and indirect threats to physical and mental health. Each of these situations is unusual and difficult. It is also in sharp contrast to the developmental needs of children and adolescents. It especially violates the principal need of this developmental period, which is to grow up in a predictable as well as physically and emotionally safe environment. The purpose of the conducted research was to assess the psychological condition of Polish adolescents, whose social situation is difficult, in order to take appropriate preventive measures based on this assessment. The study was conducted using the "Who are You?" Scale of Transparency Anxiety and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), as well as a researcher-made survey containing questions about well-being in relation to the pandemic, distance learning and the ongoing war in a neighbouring country. Approval was obtained from the Bioethics Committee to conduct the projected research. The study included 945 adolescents aged 11 to 15 (M = 13.10; SD = 1.11) making a representative sample of adolescents from 14 regions in Poland. The results of the research and analyses show that the adolescents under study have a medium level of intensity of neuroticism, with the highest levels occurring in adolescents aged 14. Moreover, the adolescents manifest relatively lower symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as concern about the pandemic and the war in Ukraine than expected.
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Urbański PK, Tasiemski T, Brewer BW. Pandemic-specific coping, anxiety, and depression across multiple waves of COVID-19 in elite athletes with disabilities. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1256853. [PMID: 37885746 PMCID: PMC10598654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Competitive athletes have faced many of the same mental health challenges experienced by the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which pandemic-specific coping predicted anxiety and depression over and above general coping styles in elite athletes with disabilities across multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 91 athletes (60 men and 31 women) in the Polish Paralympic Preparation Program before the 2020 Tokyo Summer Paralympic Games and 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games. The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and an open-ended item asking participants to describe coping resources they had used to overcome stressful situations caused by the pandemic were administered in April 2021, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered in April, July, and November of 2021. Results General coping styles were not significantly associated with pandemic-specific coping, anxiety, or depression in the July and November 2021 assessments. Pandemic-specific coping was related prospectively to both anxiety and depression across the July and November 2021 assessments when controlling for age, gender, general coping styles, and April 2021 anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion The findings suggest that elite athletes with disabilities may cope with pandemic-related stress differently from how they cope with stress in general and that pandemic-specific coping may be relevant to mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This information may be useful in the development of interventions to assist elite athletes with disabilities cope with pandemics and other atypical stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K. Urbański
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tasiemski
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Britton W. Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States
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Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Van den Bergh O, Yzerbyt V, Raemdonck E, Brisbois M, Schmitz M, Klein O, Luminet O, Oost PV, Vansteenkiste M. How the Stringency of the COVID-19 Restrictions Influences Motivation for Adherence and Well-Being: The Critical Role of Proportionality. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:8021. [PMID: 38618783 PMCID: PMC10699813 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stringency of the measures taken by governments to combat the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably across countries and time. In the present study, we examined how the proportionality to the epidemiological situation is related to citizens'behavior, motivation and mental health. METHODS Across 421 days between March 2020 and March 2022, 273,722 Belgian participants (Mage = 49.47; 63.9% female; 33% single) completed an online questionnaire. Multiple linear mixed regression modeling was used to examine the interaction between the epidemiological situation, as indicated by the actual hospitalization numbers, and the stringency index to predict day-to-day variation in the variables of interest. RESULTS Systematic evidence emerged showing that disproportional situations, as opposed to proportional situations, were associated with a clear pattern of maladaptive outcomes. Specifically, when either strict or lenient measures were disproportional in relation to the epidemiological situation, people reported lower autonomous motivation, more controlled motivation and amotivation, less adherence to sanitary rules, higher perceived risk of infection, lower need satisfaction, and higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Perceived risk severity especially covaried with the stringency of the measures. At the absolute level, citizens reported the highest need satisfaction and mental health during days with proportional lenient measures. CONCLUSION Stringent measures are not per se demotivating or compromising of people's well-being, nor are lenient measures as such motivating or enhancing well-being. Only proportional measures, that is, measures with a level of stringency that is aligned with the actual epidemiological situation, are associated with the greatest motivational, behavioral, and mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eveline Raemdonck
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Brisbois
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kaya A, Mukba G, Özok Hİ. A Person-Centered Approach to Emotional Security: Latent Profile Analysis of the Dark Triad and Psychological Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231203561. [PMID: 37738659 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined emotional security utilizing a person-centered approach. Therefore, in the present study, we conceptualized a multidimensional construct that includes psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Applying latent profile analysis (LPA) allows the exploration of the interaction of emotional security with the dark triad traits and psychological symptoms in the sample at the level of sub-classes. Depression, stress, anxiety, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were determined as profile indicators. Moreover, satisfaction with life and the psychological well-being of the sub-classes were predicted. Data were gathered from 558 participants (418 females, %74.9) with an average age of 22.44 years). LPA indicated four distinct profiles: 'High emotional security and low psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (22%), 'Low emotional security and high psychological symptoms, dark triad traits' (5%), 'Low emotional security and moderate dark triad traits' (28%), 'Moderate emotional security, psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (45%). Mixture modeling approach-based research provides a complementary view of the previous psychopathology literature. The findings could help practitioners target at-risk university students with low emotional security, low psychological well-being, and low life satisfaction and design programs to aid them in alleviating the psychological symptoms and the dark triad traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Kaya
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Mukba
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Özok
- Department of Mesurament and Assessment, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Yang Y, Luo Y, Chen M, Zhai J. Life Events, Boredom Proneness and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis Based on Latent Growth Modeling (LGM). Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2407-2416. [PMID: 37426385 PMCID: PMC10327903 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mobile phone addiction has motivated a widespread concern in recent years. From a developmental perspective, this study explored the predictive relations between life events, boredom proneness (BP), and mobile phone addiction tendency (MPAT) among undergraduate students. It also tested the longitudinal mediation of BP between life events and MPAT. Methods Five hundred and eighty-four undergraduate students completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, and the Boredom Proneness Scale-Short Form. A longitudinal mediation analysis based on latent growth modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships among life events, BP and MPAT. Results Latent growth modeling (LGM) showed that the BP and MPAT of undergraduate students both increased linearly. A longitudinal model based on LGM showed that negative life events both directly and indirectly affected the initial level and the growth rate of the MPAT through the mediating effect of the initial level of BP. Conclusion These results reveal that negative life events are an indicator of the development of MPAT. It has practical implications for calling for adopting health coping styles when facing negative life events. Supported for reducing college students' boredom proneness in order to lessen the tendency towards mobile phone addiction to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Han F, Duan R, Huang B, Wang Q. Psychological resilience and cognitive reappraisal mediate the effects of coping style on the mental health of children. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1110642. [PMID: 37077843 PMCID: PMC10106575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study explored the effects of coping style and two potential intermediately factors (cognitive reappraisal and psychological resilience) on the mental health of middle school students during the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in China.MethodsAnswers on questionnaires designed to assess coping style, cognitive reappraisal, psychological resilience, and mental health among 743 middle school students (386 boys, 357 girls, 241 first graders, 235 second graders, and 267 third graders) were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results showed that coping style, cognitive reappraisal, and psychological resilience directly predicted mental health. The negative effect of a negative coping style on mental health was significantly stronger than the positive effect of a positive coping style. Coping style affected mental health through the independent mediating effects of cognitive reappraisal and psychological resilience and through their chain mediation.DiscussionThe use of positive coping styles by most students led to greater cognitive reappraisal, strengthened psychological resilience, and thus few mental health problems. These findings provide empirical evidence and may guide educators in the prevention and intervention of mental health problems among middle school students.
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Rossi MF, Gualano MR, Magnavita N, Moscato U, Santoro PE, Borrelli I. Coping with burnout and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1139260. [PMID: 37009102 PMCID: PMC10060559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the psychological wellbeing of workers worldwide. Certain coping styles may increase burnout risk. To investigate the relationship between burnout and coping styles, a systematic review was performed. Methods Following the PRISMA statements, three databases were screened up until October 2022, including research articles written in English language and investigating the relationship between burnout and coping strategies in workers. The quality of articles was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The initial search resulted in 3,413 records, 15 of which were included in this review. Most studies were performed on healthcare workers (n = 13, 86.6%) and included a majority of female workers (n = 13, 86.7%). The most used burnout assessment questionnaire was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (n = 8, 53.3%), and the most used coping assessment tool was the Brief-COPE (n = 6, 40.0%). Task-related coping was a protective factor for burnout in all four studies investigating its correlation with burnout dimensions. Two of the four studies investigating emotion-oriented coping found that it was protective while the other two found that it was predictive of burnout. All five studies investigating avoidance-oriented coping and burnout dimensions found that this coping style was predictive of burnout. Discussion Task-oriented and adaptive coping were protective for burnout, avoidance-oriented, and maladaptive coping were predictive factors of burnout. Mixed results were highlighted concerning emotion-oriented coping, suggesting that different outcomes of this coping style may depend on gender, with women relying more on it than men. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the effect of coping styles in individuals, and how these correlates with their unique characteristics. Training workers about appropriate coping styles to adopt may be essential to enact prevention strategies to reduce burnout incidence in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Rossi
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- School of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Leadership in Medicine Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Santoro
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Borrelli
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Lanz M, Caliciuri R, Iafrate R, Regalia C, Rosnati R, Sorgente A. Covid-Related Stress in the Financial, Relational and Health Domains. Which Longitudinal Effects on Present and Future Perception? Psychol Rep 2023:332941231161790. [PMID: 36872891 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
While pre-covid literature about stress has indicated the importance of studying domain-specific stress, studies conducted during the pandemic have investigated covid-related stress as a monodimensional construct. The current study aimed to assess the impact that covid-related stress in three domains (financial, relational, health) had on individuals' psychological well-being and future anxiety. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the relationship among variables changed during the different phases of the pandemic as well as whether age moderated those relationships. Data were collected from 4185 Italian participants (55.4% female) aged 18-90 years (M = 46.10; SD = 13.47) at three waves: April 2020 (time 1), July 2020 (time 2), May 2021 (time 3). A cross-lagged panel model was run in Mplus. Results indicated that the financial domain is the life domain within which people are most worried during the pandemic, as it had the strongest impact on both psychological well-being and future anxiety. Having high levels of psychological well-being at time t served as a protective factor, as it was negatively related to any kinds of stress as well as to future anxiety at time t+1. These relationships among variables were stable over the course of the pandemic. Finally, we found significant age differences in the mean level for all variables under investigation, where young adults were the group with the highest level of stress and future anxiety as well as the lowest level of psychological well-being. Despite these differences in the variables' level, the relationships between variables were invariant across age groups. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Caliciuri
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Iafrate
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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Sivashankar Y, Chen ZL. Examining the influence of substance use on mental health rating during COVID-19: A Canadian perspective. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1067492. [PMID: 38455921 PMCID: PMC10911007 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1067492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Substance use and mental health symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety) have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, partly due to implementation of physical distancing measures aimed at containing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is limited pandemic-specific research that has examined the relationship between substance use and mental health with other correlates of well-being, including life satisfaction and social confidants. Methods In the current study, we used ordered logistic regression analyses to examine whether a greater frequency of substance use (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, and opioids) during the pandemic predicted poorer ratings of self-reported mental health in a large sample of Canadians aged 15 to 64 years. We further considered whether life satisfaction and number of social confidants interacted with substance use to influence mental health, and stratified the models by sex and personal feelings of shame surrounding the use of substances (i.e., high and low shame). Results Findings indicated that frequency of substance use was significantly associated with increased odds of reporting poorer mental health for males and females exhibiting both low and high shame. In females reporting low shame, we found that as frequency of cannabis use increased, life satisfaction has a much greater positive association with mental health. Whereas, in females disclosing high shame, maintaining social relations was particularly important to benefit the mental health of current users of opioids, relative to past and non-users. No such interaction was found in males. Discussion Overall, the findings of the current study showed the negative mental health consequences of substance use during COVID-19 in a large Canadian sample, and most importantly revealed a critical sex difference in the way in which social determinants interact with substance use to influence mental health.
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Dymecka J, Gerymski R, Machnik-Czerwik A, Rogowska AM. Does Positive Thinking Help during Difficult Pandemic Times? The Role of Positive Orientation in the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Stress. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:151-160. [PMID: 36661761 PMCID: PMC9857485 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a huge challenge for the modern world. How people perceive themselves and their coping abilities is important for their mental health and well-being. One of the traits that may be important in effectively coping with difficulties is positive orientation: a stable cognitive disposition that is the opposite of depression and is associated with a positive perception of oneself, one's life, events, and the future. This study aimed to verify the role of positive orientation in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress. A sample of 907 Polish people took part in this study. FOC-6, P Scale, and PSS-10 questionnaires were used in the presented cross-sectional study. The analysis showed that women scored higher in fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress scores than men (Cohen's d indicated a moderate effect). There was no significant difference in the levels of positive orientation. P Scale results were significantly related to fear of COVID-19 (small effect) only for the whole studied sample, and not for women and men considered separately. Fear of COVID-19 was positively related to the perceived stress score (moderate effect). Positive orientation was negatively related to the PSS-10 scores (also moderate effect) for all tested groups. Fear of COVID-19 and positive orientation were significant predictors of perceived stress scores. The mediation effect of positive orientation was statistically significant, but the effect size was marginally small. Positive orientation is an important predictor of perceived stress, which could be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. People with a positive orientation better cope with the challenges of the pandemic and are optimistic about the future. Working on positive orientation can improve well-being and reduce tension, which is extremely important in difficult pandemic times.
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Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Coba-Villan N, Quispe-Chamorro J, Taipe-Guillén YF, Pacheco E, Ccasa-Valero L, Failoc-Rojas VE, Díaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Mental Disorders and Level of Resilience in Eight High-Altitude Cities of Peru during the Second Pandemic Wave: A Multicenter Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:519. [PMID: 36612841 PMCID: PMC9819186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has led us to take preventive measures, such as social isolation, to reduce the high transmissibility of the disease. This could have affected the mental health of various population groups and the development of resilience as a mitigator. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 700 participants from eight cities. The dependent variables were depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The independent variable was resilience. Generalized logistic regressions were used to identify the associations between the variables. The population consisted mostly of university students (65.0%); the rest of the population was distributed among workers of public or private institutions, housewives, and others (35.0%). High prevalences of anxiety (72.7%), depression (64.1%), and PTSD (15.1%) were found, as well as a median (interquartile range) resilience score of 24 points was determined. Factors associated with a high prevalence of PTSD were having lost employment and having a family member who died from COVID-19. For depression, associated factors were severe food insecurity and hypersomnia. For anxiety, associated factors were were having a deceased family member with COVID-19 and mild food insecurity. Our results show that, during the pandemic, the general population had a higher prevalence of mental disorders. In addition, anxiety was the most prevalent of the dependent variables. Special attention should be paid to the factors influencing the development of mental disorders and mental health prevention and promotion programs should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Naomi Coba-Villan
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca 06001, Peru
| | | | - Yesenia F. Taipe-Guillén
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 05003, Peru
| | - Estefany Pacheco
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Junin 12000, Peru
| | - Laura Ccasa-Valero
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Oficina de Inteligencia Sanitaria, Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, EsSalud, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
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Wong WLL, Yuen KWA. Online Learning Stress and Chinese College Students' Academic Coping during COVID-19: The Role of Academic Hope and Academic Self-Efficacy. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 157:95-120. [PMID: 36459079 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2148087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Colleges around the world have adopted emergency online learning to continue with teaching and learning activities during COVID-19. Existing research has indicated that this teaching mode is perceived negatively by many college students. The difficulty students encounter in emergency online learning can adversely affect their mental health and academic performance. To shed further light on how emergency online learning may have impeded college students' academic functioning and adjustment, this study examined the association between online learning stress and academic coping and the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and academic hope. It was conducted in early 2021, a year after the outbreak of the pandemic. Ninety-nine Chinese college students in Hong Kong were recruited and they completed an online questionnaire for this study. Results showed that online learning stress was negatively associated with approach academic coping and social support seeking, and the associations were mediated by academic hope. On the other hand, online learning stress was positively associated with avoidance academic coping, which was not mediated by academic hope. The mediation effects of academic self-efficacy were all non-significant. In sum, college students used more passive and maladaptive coping to handle academic problems when they experienced more online learning stress, and this was partly explained by lower levels of academic hope.
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Üngüren E, Ceyhan S, Türker N. The impact of rumination on life satisfaction of hotel employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and the moderating role of sedentary lifestyle. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 11:193-204. [PMID: 38014382 PMCID: PMC10654347 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2022.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to determine the individual factors that cause the differentiation of negative reactions of individuals due to epidemics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of a sedentary lifestyle and the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 on the relationship between rumination and life satisfaction. Intense rumination is known to have a negative impact on individuals' life satisfaction levels. Very little is known about variables that may mediate and moderate this relationship. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study was conducted with staff members of five-star accommodation establishments in Turkey. Data were collected with a quantitative research method via questionnaires, completed by 386 full-time employees. RESULTS The results show that rumination negatively affects life satisfaction, and fear of COVID-19 has a mediating role between rumination and life satisfaction. In addition, the study concluded that a sedentary lifestyle moderated the indirect effect of rumination on life satisfaction through fear of COVID-19. This finding indicates that the negative impact of rumination on life satisfaction, mediated by fear of COVID-19, decreased, as the active lifestyle level of employees increased. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the importance of active lifestyles in reducing negative impacts of the fear of being infected with a disease during times of crisis such as outbreaks and ruminative thoughts on lifestyle. The findings of this study provide substantial contributions with respect to how outbreak-related negative reactions occur and differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Üngüren
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
- Department of Business, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Sefa Ceyhan
- Department of Business, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Türker
- Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Studies, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
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22
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Lee ASY, Sun Y, Chung KKH. Linking University Students' Mindfulness to Positive Adjustment Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: a 6-month Cross-Lagged Panel Design. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:3080-3090. [PMID: 36340968 PMCID: PMC9628522 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In the face of a global pandemic, research on wellness-fostering resources is urgently needed, especially with longitudinal designs and diverse samples. According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory and broaden-and-build theory, this study examined the reciprocal associations among a group of Chinese university students' trait mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and use of positive coping strategies, including positive reappraisal, planning, and seeking of emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 247 Hong Kong university students (M age = 20.96, SD = 2.38; female = 86%) who completed survey measures of mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and positive coping strategies at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Data were analysed using a cross-lagged panel design, controlling for participants' age. Results The proposed reciprocal model exhibited an excellent fit with the data. There was a reciprocal association between trait mindfulness and positive affect over time. However, no significant reciprocal effect was found among mindfulness, negative affect, and positive coping strategies. Conclusions Theoretically, the current findings extended the two theories to a non-Western population during a critical time and suggested a long-term reciprocal association between positive affect and mindfulness. Our study provided important insight into university students' positive well-being during COVID-19 and demonstrated the wellness-fostering effect of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S. Y. Lee
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD USA
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
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23
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Karampas K, Pezirkianidis C, Stalikas A. ReStress mindset: An internet-delivered intervention that changes university students’ mindset about stress in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1036564. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate “ReStress Mindset,” an internet-delivered intervention that combines the Stress Mindset Training Program (SMTP) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). To that end, the current study determined whether the pilot study’s findings on the intervention’s effectiveness on stress mindset and stress response among university students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, remained for 3 months following the completion of “ReStress Mindset” intervention. Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 12) and a control (N = 14) group. Participants in the intervention group attended 5 weekly sessions online, between the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. All participants completed self-report questionnaires (Stress Mindset Measure, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-9, Perceived Stress Scale, Scale of Positive, and Negative Experience) before, at the end of the intervention and 3 months after the completion of the program. The “ReStress Mindset” intervention resulted in a statistically significant increase in “stress-is-enhancing” mindset (SIEM), life satisfaction, and self-efficacy against stress, as well as a statistically significant decrease in “stress-is-debilitating” mindset (SIDM), with these effects lasting 3 months after the program’s completion. The findings of this study suggest that university students could benefit from the “ReStress Mindset” intervention in order to cultivate and maintain a positive stress mindset and increase their life satisfaction and self-efficacy against stress, even during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other highly stressful period or crisis.
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Li DJ, Wu HC, Chou FHC, Hsu ST, Huang JJ, Hsieh KY, Lin GG, Wu PJ. The social and mental impact on healthcare workers: A comparative and cross-sectional study during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31316. [PMID: 36281087 PMCID: PMC9592143 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a heavily burden on healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare differences in psychological and social impact between two waves of the pandemic among first- and second-line HCWs in Taiwan. The current study derived data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021. Levels of depression, sleep disturbance, psychological distress, social impact, and demographic variables were collected through self-reported questionnaires. The independent t test was used to compare differences in scores between the first and second wave of the pandemic. Differences between first- and second-line HCWs were also analyzed. A total of 711 HCWs in the first wave and 560 HCWs in the second wave were recruited. For the first- and second-line HCWs, the social impact during the second wave was higher than during the first wave, and they expressed a higher intention to maintain social distancing and were more aware of the pandemic overseas in the second wave. The first-line HCWs had a trend of worse sleep quality during the second wave. In addition, sleep quality was worse in the first-line HCWs than in the second-line HCWs during both waves. The second-line HCWs expressed a greater desire to seek COVID-19-related information than the first-line HCWs during the first wave, and more intended to maintain social distancing during the second wave. Our results show the importance of evaluating the social and mental health burden of HCWs, and especially first-line workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jeng Li
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wu
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Su-Ting Hsu
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joh-Jong Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Education, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- * Correspondences: Joh-Jong Huang, Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, No. 132-1, Kaisyuan 2nd Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 802212, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| | - Kuan-Ying Hsieh
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Ging Lin
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhen Wu
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zurlo MC, Vallone F, Cattaneo Della Volta MF. Perceived Past and Current COVID-19-Stressors, Coping Strategies and Psychological Health among University Students: A Mediated-Moderated Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10443. [PMID: 36012077 PMCID: PMC9408686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19-pandemic entailed abrupt/long-lasting changes in university students' lives, resulting in growing stress and stress-related outcomes. Although nowadays the pre-pandemic-life is gradually re-establishing, past-COVID-19-stressful experiences and strategies adopted to adjust to this condition may significantly impact students' current experiences. Therefore, the development of research exploring the complex interplay between perceived past/present COVID-19-related experiences, coping strategies, and psychological health currently reported by students is needed. This study simultaneously tests the associations between Past-COVID-19-stressors and Current-COVID-19-stressors as moderated by Coping Strategies and the associations between Past-COVID-19-stressors and Psychological Symptoms as mediated by Current-COVID-19-stressors. A mediated-moderated model was tested on 355 university students. COVID-19-Student-Stress-Questionnaire (CSSQ) was used to assess COVID-19-stressors. Two CSSQ-versions were used, one of which was adjusted to assess Past-COVID-19-stressors recalled from previous restrictive pandemic phases. Coping-Orientation-to-Problem-Experienced-New-Italian-Version and Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised were used to assess, respectively, Coping Strategies and Psychological Symptoms. Findings confirmed the hypothesized Mediated-Moderated Model. The effects of Past-COVID-19-stressors on Current-COVID-19-stressors were moderated by Coping Strategies, and the effects of Past-COVID-19-stressors on Psychological Symptoms were mediated by Current-COVID-19-stressors. Unique psychopathological risk profiles deriving from the interplay between specific past/present stressors and coping strategies were found. Researchers and clinicians can use these findings to develop updated research and timely evidence-based interventions fostering students' adjustment in the current period. Future research should further explore the impact of the complex interplay between perceived past/present COVID-19-related experiences and individual characteristics on psychological health conditions reported by people in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Vallone
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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A Path Model for Subjective Well-Being during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study among Polish and Ukrainian University Students. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164726. [PMID: 36012965 PMCID: PMC9410502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies showed several associations between physical and mental health dimensions and well-being. This study aims to examine a complex path model explaining the life satisfaction of university students from Poland and Ukraine during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional web-based study was performed in November 2020 using Google Forms. The conventional sample of 3230 university students from Poland (n = 1581) and Ukraine (n = 1649), aged 18–59 (M = 21.40, SD = 3.46), with 59% women, participated in the study. We used standardized questionnaires to measure life satisfaction (SWLS), self-reported physical health (GSRH), perceived stress (PSS-10), coronavirus-related PTSD (PCL-S), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). We also developed some questions to assess the exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic, positive effects of the pandemic, religiosity, and physical activity (PA). Results: We found a high prevalence of stress, coronavirus-related PTSD, anxiety, and depression and a low level of life satisfaction and physical health. Polish students, women, and those with insufficient PA levels reported worse physical and mental health than Ukrainians, men, and those who exercised sufficiently during the pandemic. Low perceived stress can directly predict life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. Low stress also leads to better physical health, sufficient PA levels, high religiosity, and more perceived positive effects of the pandemic. Several indirect effects between particular variables and life satisfaction were also found in the path model. Conclusions: The target group for campus prevention programs is Polish university students, women, and people with insufficient PA levels. Intervention and prevention programs should focus on coping strategies and techniques for improving mental and physical health.
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Life Satisfaction and Instagram Addiction among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Bidirectional Mediating Role of Loneliness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148414. [PMID: 35886264 PMCID: PMC9316946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Social isolation during the lockdown, and the greater use of online platforms to connect with other people, can alter the dynamic relationship between loneliness, social media use, and subjective well-being. The study examines the mediating role of loneliness in the bidirectional association between Instagram addiction and life satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 954 university students from Poland were enrolled in a cross-sectional online study during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants aged between 19 and 42 (M = 22.56, SD = 2.36), and most of them were women (86.48%). Standardized questionnaires were used to measure Instagram addiction (BIAS), loneliness (DJGLS), and life satisfaction (SWLS). Results: The prevalence of Instagram addiction, loneliness, and dissatisfaction with life was 17.19%, 75%, and 40.15%, respectively. The mediating effect of loneliness on the relationship between Instagram addiction and life satisfaction was found bidirectionally in women but not among men. Conclusions: Loneliness seems to play a crucial role in the mechanism of social media addiction, so increasing loneliness should be a priority among emerging adults. The target group for intervention and prevention programs at campuses should include lonely and dissatisfied with life university students of the female gender.
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Byeon H. Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Subjective Life Satisfaction of South Korean Adults: Bayesian Nomogram Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:761. [PMID: 35328314 PMCID: PMC8947405 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the changes in the lives of adults living in local communities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to identify subjective life satisfaction and to understand key factors affecting life satisfaction. This study identified the effect on life satisfaction of COVID-19 using epidemiological data representing adults in South Korean communities and developed a model for predicting the factors adversely affecting life satisfaction by applying a Bayesian nomogram. The subjects of this study were 227,808 adults who were 19 years old or older. Life satisfaction was measured in units of 10 points from 0 to 100: a score of 30 or less corresponding to -1 standard deviations was reclassified as dissatisfied, and a score of 40 or more was reclassified as satisfied. The nomogram developed in this study showed that "females who were between 30 and 39 years old, living in urban areas, with fewer meetings and sleeping hours, concerned about infection for themselves and the weak in the family due to the COVID-19 pandemic, concerned about death, with a mean household monthly income of KRW 3-5 million, who were non-smokers, with poor subjective health, and an education level of college graduation or above" would have a 66% chance of life dissatisfaction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study suggest that the government needs not only to provide economic support but also to support education on infectious diseases and customized psychological counseling programs for those at high risk of life dissatisfaction after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Byeon
- Department of Medical Big Data, College of AI Convergence, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-10-7404-6969
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare (BK-21), Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
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The Relationship between Emotional Stability, Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Romanian Medical Doctors during COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052937. [PMID: 35270629 PMCID: PMC8910741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the fast progression of modern society, occupational stress has recently reached alarming levels with consequences for doctors’ psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship among emotional stability, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction of medical doctors. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 280 medical doctors from Romania between February 2021 and September 2021, in the period between the third and fourth pandemic waves, who were evaluated by the DECAS, ASSET, and Satisfaction with Life scales. Our results showed that emotional stability is negatively correlated with psychological well-being (r = −0.526, p < 0.000) and positively correlated with life satisfaction (r = 0.319, p < 0.0001). Between psychological well-being and life satisfaction, we found a negative correlation (r = −0.046, p < 0.001). This study shows that there is a correlation among emotional stability, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction, which is why it can be considered that Romanian doctors have generated coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Prevalence and Sociodemographic Predictors of Mental Health in a Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031334. [PMID: 35162364 PMCID: PMC8835083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-national longitudinal study was to evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of mental health indicators (coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal/self-harm ideation) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a three-month period among representative samples of young adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia. The participants were 1724 young adults between 20 and 40 years of age (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74). The first measurement (T1) was in February 2021 and the second (T2) was in May–June 2021. The samples were representative of young adults in each country: Germany (n = 418, 24%), Israel (n = 428, 25%), Poland (n = 446, 26%), and Slovenia (n = 431, 25%). Women constituted 54% (n = 935) of the total sample. The mental health indicators were coronavirus-related PTSD measured by PCL-S, perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9). The participants completed an online questionnaire that also included a physical activity (PA) measurement and sociodemographic variables. The Pearson’s χ2 independence test was used for prevalence comparisons and McNemar’s χ2 was used for longitudinal changes, whereas generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for the predictors of change in mental health indices. Significant differences were found between countries in each mental health dimension in both T1 and T2, with moderate effect sizes for coronavirus-related PTSD and suicidal ideation. The highest rate of PTSD and depression risk was in Germany, the highest rates of stress and anxiety risk were in Poland, and there was insufficient PA in Slovenia. The anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation rates were the lowest in Israel and Slovenia. Israeli participants reported the lowest rate of coronavirus-related PTSD among the other countries in T1 and T2. Significant decreases in coronavirus-related PTSD and stress were observed during T2 compared to T1 in the total sample. There was no change in the risk of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation. Being single was a predictor of changes in all mental health indices. Having children was a risk factor for coronavirus-related PTSD and high stress. Being a student was a predictor of depression and suicidal ideation. A younger age (20–29 years) predicted coronavirus-related PTSD risk, whereas female gender predicted high stress. The mental health indices improved over time or remained stable. The groups that are most prone to mental health problems were single individuals, students, and parents in young adulthood across all countries. Future intervention programs for young adults should consider these factors when prioritizing, planning, and implementing such programs.
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Lu L, Wang X, Wang X, Guo X, Pan B. Association of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms among international medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 34991506 PMCID: PMC8739346 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Covid-19 had negative impacts on the mental stress and induced psychological distress among university students worldwide. This study proposed a moderated mediation model, and hypothesized that the Covid-19 pandemic-related stress was positively related to depressive symptoms among international medical students. METHODS An online survey on stress and depressive symptoms of international students was conducted in a medical university. Questions on Covid-19 pandemic-related stress, Patient Health Quesionnaire-9, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used as measurements, and model analyses were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS It was found that 9.83%, 3.08% and 2.12% students had mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively, and the positive association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms was significant (β = 0.27, t = 6.87, P < 0.01). Negative coping was also significantly correlated to depressive symptoms (β = 0.26, t = 6.60, P < 0.01), and partially mediated the association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms. Perceived social support had a negative association with depressive symptoms (β=-0.26, t=-6.25, P < 0.01), played a negative moderating role in the relationship between negative coping and depressive symptoms, and moderated the indirect effect of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress on depressive symptoms via negative coping. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study suggested that under the background of continuing pandemic, intervention or prevention of mental health problem is urgently needed for the international students, and depression may be alleviated through reducing negative coping and increasing perceived social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.,China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.
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Correction: Rogowska et al. Changes in Stress, Coping Styles, and Life Satisfaction between the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Study in a Sample of University Students. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 4025. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11010276. [PMID: 35012023 PMCID: PMC8745854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
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Yang L, Yang Z, Xia Y. Relationship between negative coping style and fear of COVID-19 among Wuhan college students during the post-pandemic period: A moderated chain mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994685. [PMID: 36506420 PMCID: PMC9730038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After a long-term lockdown, particularly one in which human life is at risk, negative psychological consequences are expected. In this study, we aimed to explore the cause of stress and fear of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) among Chinese college students in Wuhan during the latest strictest lockdown. METHODS During the COVID-19 outbreak, 1,070 college students from Wuhan, aged 18-29 years, took part in an online survey. We used correlations, bootstrap tests, and other statistical analysis methods to analyze the data. RESULTS Negative coping style significantly positively predicted fear of COVID-19, and stress had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between negative coping style and fear of COVID-19. In addition, rumination and stress had a chain-mediating effect on the relationship between negative coping style and fear of COVID-19. Perceived social support moderated the three paths of this serial mediation model. CONCLUSION Negative emotions, such as stress and fear of COVID-19, in college students are caused by both behavior (e.g., negative coping style) and cognition (e.g., rumination). Importantly, negative cognitive thinking (i.e., rumination) is often a malign consequence of a negative coping style. Thus, to improve students' mental health, students should be encouraged to engage in more positive behaviors and seek social support during periods of adherence to regular prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- Department of Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Adolescent Psychological Development, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Wuhan Wudong Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Dymecka J, Filipkowski J, Machnik-Czerwik A. Fear of COVID-19: stress and job satisfaction among Polish doctors during the pandemic. POSTEPY PSYCHIATRII NEUROLOGII 2021; 30:243-250. [PMID: 37082554 PMCID: PMC9881637 DOI: 10.5114/ppn.2021.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused fear and anxiety around the world. Health care workers are particularly exposed to stress. Fear of COVID-19 and stress can negatively affect job satisfaction. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, stress and job satisfaction among Polish doctors during the pandemic. Methods 97 doctors participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6), and Job Satisfaction Scale (BJSS) were used. Results Fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress are related to job satisfaction. The stronger the perceived stress and the greater the fear, the lower the job satisfaction. Perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 as predictors of work satisfaction turned out to be statistically significant and explained 15.7% of job satisfaction variance. Fear of COVID-19 was a mediator between perceived stress and job satisfaction. It increases the negative impact of perceived stress on job satisfaction. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers experience severe stress and perceive SARS-CoV-2 as a significant threat to their health and safety, which affects their job satisfaction and can lead to burnout. Doctors should not only be protected from infection but should also be provided with psychological help and support, which could prevent the negative impact of COVID-19 on their professional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dymecka
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| | - Jakub Filipkowski
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Machnik-Czerwik
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
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