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Melali H, Abdolahi A, Sheikhbahaei E, Vakili K, Mahmoudieh M, Keleidari B, Shahabi S. Impact of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Function and Metabolic Status After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2033-2041. [PMID: 38653887 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative changes in gut microbiota may occur in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. In this study, we evaluate the impact of administering probiotic tablets on the gastrointestinal function and metabolic status of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2021 to 2022 on 135 Roux-en-Y surgery candidates. The intervention group underwent the surgical procedure and started receiving probiotic supplements (Familact Co.) 1 week after surgery; the control group received a placebo. The laboratory and anthropometric data were measured and analyzed before and 3 and 6 months after the intervention. GIQLI questionnaire was also used at the beginning and 6 months after the intervention to evaluate GI symptoms. RESULTS We observed significantly reduced BMI in both groups after surgeries (P < 0.001). The levels of FBS and HbA1C were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to the placebo in 3 months (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 6 months (P < 0.001 for both) after the intervention. The levels of vitamin B12 increased significantly in the probiotic group (P < 0.001), and the values were substantially higher than the placebo group in 3 and 6 months (P < 0.001), respectively. Analysis of the GIQLI questionnaire before and 6 months after interventions also revealed significant improvement in the GIQLI score in both groups (P < 0.001 for probiotics and P = 0.03 for placebo). CONCLUSION Probiotic supplement administration following RYGB improves patients' vitamin and metabolic profile, as well as GI function, although it cannot significantly affect weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Melali
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alimeh Abdolahi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sheikhbahaei
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Masouri St. Niyayesh St. Satarkhan Ave., Tehran, 14665-354, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudieh
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Keleidari
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahabi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Masouri St. Niyayesh St. Satarkhan Ave., Tehran, 14665-354, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Zhong W, Liu W, Wang X, Lin G, Lin J, Fang J, Mou X, Jiang S, Huang J, Zhao W, Zheng Z. Uncovering specific taxonomic and functional alteration of gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease through 16S rRNA data. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1363276. [PMID: 38707511 PMCID: PMC11066246 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1363276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is worldwide healthcare burden with growing incidence and death rate. Emerging evidence demonstrated the compositional and functional differences of gut microbiota in patients with CKD. As such, gut microbial features can be developed as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic target for CKD. Methods To eliminate the outcome bias arising from factors such as geographical distribution, sequencing platform, and data analysis techniques, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microbial differences between patients with CKD and healthy individuals based on multiple samples worldwide. A total of 980 samples from six references across three nations were incorporated from the PubMed, Web of Science, and GMrepo databases. The obtained 16S rRNA microbiome data were subjected to DADA2 processing, QIIME2 and PICRUSt2 analyses. Results The gut microbiota of patients with CKD differs significantly from that of healthy controls (HC), with a substantial decrease in the microbial diversity among the CKD group. Moreover, a significantly reduced abundance of bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) was detected in the CKD group through linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, which may be associated with the alleviating effects against CKD. Notably, we identified CKD-depleted F. prausnitzii demonstrated a significant negative correlation with three pathways based on predictive functional analysis, suggesting its potential role in regulating systemic acidbase disturbance and pro-oxidant metabolism. Discussion Our findings demonstrated notable alterations of gut microbiota in CKD patients. Specific gut-beneficial microbiota, especially F. prausnitzii, may be developed as a preventive and therapeutic tool for CKD clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weicong Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gan Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawen Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxuan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Mou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Gul S, Durante-Mangoni E. Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1436. [PMID: 38592298 PMCID: PMC10935031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of probiotic-containing products are on the market, and their use is increasing. Probiotics are thought to support the health of the gut microbiota, which in turn might prevent or delay the onset of gastrointestinal tract disorders. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological illnesses are among the conditions that have been shown to possibly benefit from probiotics. In addition to their ability to favorably affect diseases, probiotics represent a defense system enhancing intestinal, nutritional, and oral health. Depending on the type of microbial strain utilized, probiotics can have variable beneficial properties. Although many microbial species are available, the most widely employed ones are lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The usefulness of these bacteria is dependent on both their origin and their capacity to promote health. Probiotics represent a valuable clinical tool supporting gastrointestinal health, immune system function, and metabolic balance. When used appropriately, probiotics may provide benefits such as a reduced risk of gastrointestinal disorders, enhanced immunity, and improved metabolic health. Most popular probiotics, their health advantages, and their mode of action are the topic of this narrative review article, aimed to provide the reader with a comprehensive reappraisal of this topic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Gul
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Unit of Infectious & Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli—Ospedale Monaldi, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Charitos IA, Aliani M, Tondo P, Venneri M, Castellana G, Scioscia G, Castellaneta F, Lacedonia D, Carone M. Biomolecular Actions by Intestinal Endotoxemia in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2841. [PMID: 38474087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with or without impairing both glucose tolerance and fasting blood sugar), and inflammation. In the last 10 years, there has been a progressive interest through scientific research investigations conducted in the field of metabolomics, confirming a trend to evaluate the role of the metabolome, particularly the intestinal one. The intestinal microbiota (IM) is crucial due to the diversity of microorganisms and their abundance. Consequently, IM dysbiosis and its derivate toxic metabolites have been correlated with MetS. By intervening in these two factors (dysbiosis and consequently the metabolome), we can potentially prevent or slow down the clinical effects of the MetS process. This, in turn, may mitigate dysregulations of intestinal microbiota axes, such as the lung axis, thereby potentially alleviating the negative impact on respiratory pathology, such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the biomolecular mechanisms through which the IM influences the host's metabolism via a dysbiosis metabolome in both normal and pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, we seek to provide a description of the knowledge to date of the IM and its metabolome and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between the functions of the IM and the pathophysiology of major metabolic diseases via local and systemic metabolome's relate endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- School of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Bari (Aldo Moro), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Giovanetti M, Pannella G, Altomare A, Rocchi G, Guarino M, Ciccozzi M, Riva E, Gherardi G. Exploring the Interplay between COVID-19 and Gut Health: The Potential Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immune Support. Viruses 2024; 16:370. [PMID: 38543736 PMCID: PMC10975078 DOI: 10.3390/v16030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, leading to extensive research focused on developing strategies to enhance outbreak response and mitigate the disease's severity. In the aftermath of the pandemic, attention has shifted towards understanding and addressing long-term health implications, particularly in individuals experiencing persistent symptoms, known as long COVID. Research into potential interventions to alleviate long COVID symptoms has intensified, with a focus on strategies to support immune function and mitigate inflammation. One area of interest is the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining overall health. Prebiotics and probiotics, known for their ability to modulate the gut microbiota, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in bolstering immune function and reducing inflammation. This review delves into the intricate relationship between long COVID, the gut microbiota, and immune function, with a specific focus on the role of prebiotics and probiotics. We examine the immune response to long COVID, emphasizing the importance of inflammation and immune regulation in the persistence of symptoms. The potential of probiotics in modulating immune responses, including their mechanisms in combating viral infections such as COVID-19, is discussed in detail. Clinical evidence supporting the use of probiotics in managing long COVID symptoms is summarized, highlighting their role as adjunctive therapy in addressing various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brasilia 70070-130, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Agricultural, Enviromental and Food Science, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Riva
- Unit of Virology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Applied Bacteriological Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gherardi
- Applied Bacteriological Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Li W, Lv BM, Quan Y, Zhu Q, Zhang HY. Associations between Serum Mineral Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Risk of Neurological, Psychiatric, and Metabolic Diseases: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38257137 PMCID: PMC10818407 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent observational studies have reported associations between serum mineral nutrient levels, gut microbiota composition, and neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases. However, the causal effects of mineral nutrients on gut microbiota and their causal associations with diseases remain unclear and require further investigation. This study aimed to identify the associations between serum mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, and risk of neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). We conducted an MR study using the large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 5 serum mineral nutrients, 196 gut microbes at the phylum, order, family, and genus levels, and a variety of common neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases. Initially, the independent causal associations of mineral nutrients and gut microbiota with diseases were examined by MR. Subsequently, the causal effect of mineral nutrients on gut microbiota was estimated to investigate whether specific gut microbes mediated the association between mineral nutrients and diseases. Finally, we performed sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the study results. After correcting for multiple testing, we identified a total of 33 causal relationships among mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, and diseases. Specifically, we found 4 causal relationships between 3 mineral nutrition traits and 3 disease traits, 15 causal associations between 14 gut microbiota traits and 6 disease traits, and 14 causal associations involving 4 mineral nutrition traits and 15 gut microbiota traits. Meanwhile, 118 suggestive associations were identified. The current study reveals multiple causal associations between serum mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, risk of neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases, and potentially provides valuable insights for subsequent nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Bo-Min Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
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Zhang L, Chen N, Zhan L, Bi T, Zhou W, Zhang L, Zhu L. Erchen Decoction alleviates obesity-related hepatic steatosis via modulating gut microbiota-drived butyric acid contents and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116811. [PMID: 37336336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erchen decoction (ECD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula comprising six distinct herbs and has been documented to possess a protective effect against obesity. The study conducted previously demonstrated that ECD has the potential to effectively modulate the composition of gut microbiota and levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in obese rat. However, the regulatory mechanism of ECD on gut microbiota and SCFAs and further improvement of obesity have not been thoroughly explained. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of ECD in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with HFD-induced obesity were treated with ECD. Upon completion of the study, serum and liver samples were procured to conduct biochemical, pathological, and Western blotting analyses. The investigation of alterations in the gut microbiota subsequent to ECD treatment was conducted through the utilization of 16S rRNA sequencing. The metabolic alterations in the cecal contents were examined through the utilization of mass spectrometry-ultraperformance liquid chromatography. RESULTS ECD treatment improved lipid metabolic disorders and reduced hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese rats. Obese rat treated with ECD showed a higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Butyricicoccus, and lower abundance of disease-related bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Sediminibacterium. Additionally, ECD caused an increase in total SCFAs levels; in particular, butyric acid was dramatically increased in the HFD group. Rats treated with ECD also exhibited significantly increased butyric acid concentrations in the serum and liver. The subsequent reduction in histone deacetylase 1 expression and increase in acetyl-histone 3-lysine 9 (H3K9ac) levels contributed to the promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in liver by ECD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ECD regulates the gut microbiota and promotes butyric acid production to ameliorate obesity-related hepatic steatosis. The mechanism might be related to the promotion of FAO via a butyric acid-mediated increase in H3K9ac levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Libin Zhan
- Center for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for TCM Spleen-Viscera-State Modern Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China.
| | - Tingting Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- Center for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for TCM Spleen-Viscera-State Modern Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China.
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Fallah F, Mahdavi R. Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237882. [PMID: 37929031 PMCID: PMC10622781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, a multifactorial disorder with pandemic dimensions, is conceded a major culprit of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating efficient therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are considered promising adjuvant/complementary approaches for weight management in individuals with obesity who have low adherence to conventional treatments. Current literature supports the weight-reducing efficacy of pro/pre/synbiotics or L-carnitine; however, the superiority of the nutraceutical joint supplementation approach over common single therapies to counter obesity and accompanying comorbidities is well documented. This study was designed to assess the effects of L-carnitine single therapy compared with L-carnitine and multistrain/multispecies synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indicators in women with obesity. Methods The current placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 46 women with obesity, randomly allocated to either concomitant supplementation [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + multistrain/multispecies synbiotic (1 capsule/day)] or monotherapy [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + maltodextrin (1 capsule/day)] groups for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups received healthy eating dietary advice. Results Anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic indices significantly improved in both intervention groups; however, L-carnitine + synbiotic co-administration elicited a greater reduction in the anthropometric measures including body mass index (BMI), body weight, and neck, waist, and hip circumferences (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.012, and =0.030, respectively) after adjusting for probable confounders. Moreover, L-carnitine + synbiotic joint supplementation resulted in a greater reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (though marginal), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and more increment in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p = 0.014, 0.051, 0.024, and 0.019, respectively) compared with the L-carnitine + placebo monosupplementation. No significant intergroup changes were found for the lipid profile biomarkers, except for a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (HDL-C) in the L-carnitine + synbiotic group (p = 0.009). Conclusion L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation was more beneficial in ameliorating anthropometric indices as well as some cardiometabolic parameters compared with L-carnitine single therapy, suggesting that it is a promising adjuvant approach to ameliorate obesity or associated metabolic complications through potential synergistic or complementary mechanisms. Further longer duration clinical trials in a three-group design are demanded to verify the complementary or synergistic mechanisms. Clinical trial registration www.irct.ir, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20080904001197N13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yao S, Zhao Y, Chen H, Sun R, Chen L, Huang J, Yu Z, Chen S. Exploring the Plasticity of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Its Correlation with Gut Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:3460. [PMID: 37571397 PMCID: PMC10420685 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits have been proven to help alter the composition of gut microbiota, and exploring the impact of nutritional patterns on gut microbiota changes can help protect gut health. However, few studies have focused on the dietary impact on the gut microbiota over an experimental timeframe. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate the gut microbiota of mice under different dietary patterns, including AIN-93G diet (Control), high protein diet (HPD), high fiber diet (HFD), and switch diet (Switch). The alpha diversity of the HPD group significantly decreased, but HFD can restore this decline. During HPD, some genera were significantly upregulated (e.g., Feacalibaculum) and downregulated (e.g., Parabacteroides). However, after receiving HFD, other genera were upregulated (e.g., Akkermansia) and downregulated (e.g., Lactobacillus). In addition, the interaction between pathogenic bacteria was more pronounced during HPD, while the main effect was probiotics during HFD. In conclusion, the plasticity exhibited by the gut microbiota was subject to dietary influences, wherein disparate dietary regimens hold pivotal significance in upholding the well-being of the host. Therefore, our findings provide new ideas and references for the relationship between diets and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.Z.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.Z.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ruizheng Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.Z.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Liyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.Z.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.Z.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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10
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Dini I, Mancusi A. Weight Loss Supplements. Molecules 2023; 28:5357. [PMID: 37513229 PMCID: PMC10384751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Being overweight or obese can predispose people to chronic diseases and metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are costly public health problems and leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many people hope to solve this problem by using food supplements, as they can be self-prescribed, contain molecules of natural origin considered to be incapable of causing damage to health, and the only sacrifice they require is economic. The market offers supplements containing food plant-derived molecules (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites, vitamins, and fibers), microbes (probiotics), and microbial-derived fractions (postbiotics). They can control lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reduce appetite (interacting with the central nervous system) and adipogenesis, influence intestinal microbiota activity, and increase energy expenditure. Unfortunately, the copious choice of products and different legislation on food supplements worldwide can confuse consumers. This review summarizes the activity and toxicity of dietary supplements for weight control to clarify their potentiality and adverse reactions. A lack of research regarding commercially available supplements has been noted. Supplements containing postbiotic moieties are of particular interest. They are easier to store and transport and are safe even for people with a deficient immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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11
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Chen Q, Fan Y, Zhang B, Yan C, Zhang Q, Ke Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Shi H, Hu Y, Huang Q, Su J, Xie C, Zhang X, Zhou L, Ren J, Xu H. Capsulized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Gut Microbial Colonization and Metabolite Regulation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0415222. [PMID: 37093057 PMCID: PMC10269780 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04152-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can induce clinical remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Enemas, nasoduodenal tubes, and colonoscopies are the most common routes for FMT administration. However, there is a lack of definitive evidence regarding the effectiveness of capsulized FMT treatment in UC patients. In this study, we administered capsulized FMT to 22 patients with active UC to assess the efficiency of capsulized FMT and determine the specific bacteria and metabolite factors associated with the response to clinical remission. Our results showed that the use of capsulized FMT was successful in the treatment of UC patients. Capsulized FMT induced clinical remission and clinical response in 57.1% (12 of 21) and 76.2% (16 of 21) of UC patients, respectively. Gut bacterial richness was increased after FMT in patients who achieved remission. Patients in remission after FMT exhibited enrichment of Alistipes sp. and Odoribacter splanchnicus, along with increased levels of indolelactic acid. Patients who did not achieve remission exhibited enrichment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and increased levels of biosynthesis of 12,13-DiHOME (12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid) and lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, we identified a relationship between specific bacteria and metabolites and the induction of remission in patients. These findings may provide new insights into FMT in UC treatment and provide reference information about therapeutic microbial manipulation of FMT to enhance its effects. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrails.gov under registration no. NCT03426683). IMPORTANCE Fecal microbiota transplantation has been successfully used in patients. Recently, capsulized FMT was reported to induce a response in patients with UC. However, limited patients were enrolled in such studies, and the functional factors of capsulized FMT have not been reported in the remission of patients with UC. In this study, we prospectively recruited patients with UC to receive capsulized FMT. First, we found that capsulized FMT could induce clinical remission in 57.1% of patients and clinical response in 76.2% after 12 weeks, which was more acceptable. Second, we found a relationship between the decrease of opportunistic pathogen and lipopolysaccharide synthesis in patients in remission after capsulized FMT. We also identified an association between specific bacteria and metabolites and remission induction in patients after capsulized FMT. These findings put forward a possibility for patients to receive FMT at home and provide reference information about therapeutic microbial manipulation of FMT to enhance its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyun Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changsheng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhao Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxiu Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Kaunang TMD, Setiawan AA, Mayulu N, Leonita I, Wijaya A, Yusuf VM, Mahira MFNA, Yudisthira D, Gunawan WB, Taslim NA, Purnomo AF, Sabrina N, Amalia N, Permatasari HK, Nurkolis F. Are probiotics beneficial for obese patients with major depressive disorder? Opinion for future implications and strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205434. [PMID: 37324742 PMCID: PMC10264610 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M. D. Kaunang
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University-Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | | | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Ivena Leonita
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Afredo Wijaya
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Dewangga Yudisthira
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Alumnus of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Athaya Febriantyo Purnomo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nindy Sabrina
- Nutrition Program, Faculty of Food Technology and Health, Sahid University of Jakarta, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurlinah Amalia
- Biomedical Science Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Huang Y, Ying N, Zhao Q, Chen J, Teow SY, Dong W, Lin M, Jiang L, Zheng H. Amelioration of Obesity-Related Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Inulin-Dosed Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103997. [PMID: 37241738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inulin in alleviating obesity-related disorders has been documented; yet, its underlying mechanisms still need to be further investigated. This study attempted to elucidate the causative link between the gut microbiota and the beneficial effect of inulin on obesity-related disorders via transferring the fecal microbiota from inulin-dosed mice to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese recipient mice. The results show that inulin supplementation can decrease body weight, fat accumulation, and systemic inflammation and can also enhance glucose metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice. Treatment with inulin reshaped the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese mice, as characterized by increases in the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Muribaculum and decreases in unidentified_Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium. In addition, we found that these favorable effects of inulin could be partially transferable by fecal microbiota transplantation, and Bifidobacterium and Muribaculum might be the key bacterial genera. Therefore, our results suggest that inulin ameliorates obesity-related disorders by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Na Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qihui Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Junli Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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14
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Soltani S, Ashoori M, Dehghani F, Meshkini F, Clayton ZS, Abdollahi S. Effects of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on body weight in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 37085813 PMCID: PMC10120130 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric measures in adults with diabetes, independent of body weight. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until December 14, 2022. The effect sizes were pooled using an inverse-variance random-effects model. The methodological quality of studies as well as the quality of evidence was assessed using standard tools. RESULTS Thirty-two RCTs met the established inclusion criteria. Overall, compared with the respective control groups, probiotic/synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.50 kg; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.17; I2 = 79.8%, n = 27 studies]), body mass index (WMD: -0.24 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.09; I2 = 85.7%, n = 30 studies), and waist circumference (WMD: -0.90 cm; 95% CI: -1.13, -0.52; I2 = 0%, n = 11 studies). However, hip circumference and waist to hip ratio were not significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed that probiotic/synbiotic supplementation may assist with weight management in patients with diabetes, especially when consumed at higher doses, in younger adults, and in participants with obesity. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics/synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ashoori
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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15
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Zhang M, Zheng Y, Sun Z, Cao C, Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang H. Change in the Gut Microbiome and Immunity by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0360922. [PMID: 36912650 PMCID: PMC10100958 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03609-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the exploding growth of the global market for probiotics and the rapid awakening of public awareness to manage health by probiotic intervention, there is still an active debate about whether the consumption of probiotics is beneficial for nonpatients, which is due to the lack of systematic analysis based on time series multiomics data sets. In this study, we recruited 100 adults from a college in China and performed a random case-control study by using a probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9) as an intervention for 6 weeks, aiming to achieve a comprehensive evaluation and understanding of the beneficial effect of Probio-M9 consumption. By testing advanced blood immunity indicators, sequencing the gut microbiome, and profiling the gut metabolome at baseline and the end of the study, we found that although the probiotic intervention has a limited impact on the human immunity and the gut microbiome and metabolome, the associations between the immunity indicators and multiomics data were strengthened, and further analysis of the gut microbiome's genetic variations revealed inhibited generation of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) by probiotic consumption. Taken together, our findings indicated an underestimated influence of the probiotic, not on altering the microbial composition but on strengthening the association between human immunity and commensal microbes and stabilizing the genetic variations of the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE Although the global market for probiotics is growing explosively, there is still an active debate about whether the consumption of probiotics is beneficial for nonpatients. In this study, we recruited 100 adults from a college in China and performed 6 weeks of intervention for half of the volunteers. By analyzing the time series multiomics data in this study, we found that the probiotic intervention (i) has a limited effect on human immunity or the global structure of the gut microbiome and metabolome, (ii) can largely influence the correlation of the development between multiomics data and immunity, which was not able to be discovered by conventional differential abundance analysis, and (iii) can inhibit the generation of SNVs in the gut microbiome instead of promoting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Barathikannan K, Chelliah R, Yeon SJ, Tyagi A, Elahi F, Vijayalakshmi S, Agastian P, Arockiasami V, Hawn Oh D. Untargeted metabolomics of fermented onion (Allium cepa L) using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS reveals anti-obesity metabolites and in vivo efficacy in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem 2023; 404:134710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Fallah F, Mahdavi R. L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:2172-2187. [PMID: 36752775 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic pandemic disease, is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, accompanied by over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to metabolic disorders pathogenesis. Oxidative-stress, an adverse cellular response to adipocyte hypertrophy, promotes inflammation. Furthermore, gut-microbiota dysbiosis may induce oxidative-stress, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic-endotoxemia as major drivers of obesity. Functional-foods/nutraceuticals have attracted extensive attention due to their plausible anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative properties; evidence supports the superiority of the nutraceutical combined-supplementation approach versus conventional mono-therapies. Current data suggest the anti-oxidative/anti-inflammatory properties of either L-carnitine or pre/pro/synbiotics. This trial compared the effects of co-supplementing L-carnitine and multi-species/multi-strain synbiotic versusL-carnitine mono-therapy on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory, oxidative-stress, and metabolic-endotoxemia biomarkers in 46 female obese patients, receiving either co-supplementation (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg d-1) + multi-species/multi-strain synbiotic (1 capsule per day)) or mono-therapy (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg d-1) + maltodextrin (1 capsule per day)) for eight weeks. L-Carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6, -33.98%), high-sensitivity-C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP, -10%), tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α, -18.73%), malondialdehyde (MDA, -21.73%), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, -10.14%), whereas the increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10, 7.69%) and total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC, 4.13%) levels was not significant. No significant changes were observed for the above-mentioned parameters in the L-carnitine + placebo group, except for a significant reduction in IL-10 (-17.59%) and TNF-α (-14.78%); however, between-group differences did not reach the significant threshold. Co-supplementing L-carnitine + multi-strain synbiotic led to significant amelioration of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic-endotoxemia responses in female obese patients; nevertheless, no improving effects were observed in patients receiving single-supplementation, suggesting that L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation might represent an adjuvant approach to improve oxidative-stress/pro-inflammatory indicators in women with obesity, possibly through beneficial effects of the synbiotic alone. Further longer duration studies with higher doses of L-carnitine in a three-group setting are warranted to elucidate the possibility of synergistic or complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Choi MJ, Yu H, Kim JI, Seo H, Kim JG, Kim SK, Lee HS, Cheon HG. Anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001 in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1611-1622. [PMID: 36729332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous reports showed that some probiotics provide beneficial effects on various diseases including metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum SKO-001 (SKO-001), a probiotic strain newly isolated from Angelica gigas. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for four weeks, and then different doses of SKO-001 (n = 10 each group) were orally given for 12 weeks. Following treatment, body weight, fat weight, serum parameters and adipose and liver tissues were analyzed. RESULTS SKO-001 (2 × 1010 CFU/day, per os) reduced body weight gain after 10th week of administration, accompanied by a reduction in body fat mass of mice. In the SKO-001-fed group, increased serum adiponectin, decreased leptin, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglyceride levels were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various fat depots showed that increased adipocyte size caused by HFD intake was markedly reduced and correlated with reduced mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, and increased uncoupling protein 1 levels. Similarly, SKO-001 reduced lipid accumulation, decreased the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, and reduced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1 alpha 1 levels in the liver. CONCLUSIONS SKO-001 ameliorates obesity and related metabolic abnormalities in adipose and liver tissues, possibly via the regulation of lipid metabolism. Based on the results of the present study, SKO-001 may be applicable as an anti-obesity therapeutic or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seo
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Gyeong Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sung Lee
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Liang D, Wu F, Zhou D, Tan B, Chen T. Commercial probiotic products in public health: current status and potential limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6455-6476. [PMID: 36688290 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of commercial probiotics for health improvement and disease treatment has increased in popularity among the public in recent years. The local shops and pharmacies are brimming with various probiotic products such as probiotic food, dietary supplement and pharmaceuticals that herald a range of health benefits, from nutraceutical benefits to pharmaceutical effects. However, although the probiotic market is expanding rapidly, there is increasing evidence challenging it. Emerging insights from microbiome research and public health demonstrate several potential limitations of the natural properties, regulatory frameworks, and market consequences of commercial probiotics. In this review, we highlight the potential safety and performance issues of the natural properties of commercial probiotics, from the genetic level to trait characteristics and probiotic properties and further to the probiotic-host interaction. Besides, the diverse regulatory frameworks and confusing probiotic guidelines worldwide have led to product consequences such as pathogenic contamination, overstated claims, inaccurate labeling and counterfeit trademarks for probiotic products. Here, we propose a plethora of available methods and strategies related to strain selection and modification, safety and efficacy assessment, and some recommendations for regulatory agencies to address these limitations to guarantee sustainability and progress in the probiotic industry and improve long-term public health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Buzhen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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20
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Yu J, Cheon JH. Microbial Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e44. [PMID: 36627937 PMCID: PMC9807960 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is one of prominent features in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are of an unknown etiology. Although the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and gut dysbiosis remains to be elucidated, one area of research has focused on the management of IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis. The use of antibiotics, probiotics either with or without prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors are representative methods for modulating the intestinal microbiota ecosystem. The gut microbiota is not a simple assembly of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a complex organ-like community system composed of numerous kinds of microorganisms. Thus, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on which treatment option is applied are very limited. Here, we review previous studies on microbial modulation as a therapeutic option for IBD and its significance in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwook Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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21
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Beneficial Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Controlling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193985. [PMID: 36235638 PMCID: PMC9572805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has consistently been associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the development of several types of cancer. In recent decades, unfortunately, the rate of overweight/obesity has increased significantly among adults and children. A growing body of evidence shows that there is a relationship between metabolic disorders such as obesity and the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, inflammation is considered to be a driving force in the obesity–gut microbiota connection. Therefore, it seems that anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and/or diets can play an essential role in the management of obesity by affecting the intestinal flora and controlling inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the links between the gut microbiota, obesity, and inflammation, and summarize the benefits of anti-inflammatory diets in preventing obesity.
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22
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The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies in Obesity: The Applications and Mechanisms. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide. The growing prevalence of obesity significantly accounts for other cardio-metabolic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes. Several studies have shown that obesity is strongly associated with genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and dietary factors, especially the disordered profiles of gut microbiota (GM). The present review concluded mechanistic studies and potential correspondent treatments for obesity. Specifically, the anti-obesity effects of food-derived compounds manipulating GM were highlighted. The potential limitations of bioactive compounds on absorption in the intestinal tract were also discussed. Thus, the future direction of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an approach to support modulating host GM (considered to be a potential therapeutic target for obesity) was discussed. This review shed light on the role of GM modulation strategies for the prevention/treatment of obesity.
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Lazar V, Holban AM, Curutiu C, Ditu LM. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Essential Oils and Inorganic Nanoparticles: Impact in Nutrition and Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:920413. [PMID: 35873448 PMCID: PMC9305160 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease; therefore, the modulation of this complex and yet widely unexplored ecosystem is a biomedical priority. Numerous antibacterial alternatives have been developed in recent years, imposed by the huge problem of antibioresistance, but also by the people demand for natural therapeutical products without side effects, as dysbiosis, cyto/hepatotoxicity. Current studies are focusing mainly in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with herbal and fruit essential oils (EOs) to fight resistant pathogens. This is due to their increased efficiency against susceptible, multidrug resistant and biofilm embedded microorganisms. They are also studied because of their versatile properties, size and possibility to ensure a targeted administration and a controlled release of bioactive substances. Accordingly, an increasing number of studies addressing the effects of functional nanoparticles and plant products on microbial pathogens has been observed. Regardless the beneficial role of EOs and NPs in the treatment of infectious diseases, concerns regarding their potential activity against human microbiota raised constantly in recent years. The main focus of current research is on gut microbiota (GM) due to well documented metabolic and immunological functions of gut microbes. Moreover, GM is constantly exposed to micro- and nano-particles, but also plant products (including EOs). Because of the great diversity of both microbiota and chemical antimicrobial alternatives (i.e., nanomaterials and EOs), here we limit our discussion on the interactions of gut microbiota, inorganic NPs and EOs. Impact of accidental exposure caused by ingestion of day care products, foods, atmospheric particles and drugs containing nanoparticles and/or fruit EOs on gut dysbiosis and associated diseases is also dissected in this paper. Current models developed to investigate mechanisms of dysbiosis after exposure to NPs/EOs and perspectives for identifying factors driving EOs functionalized NPs dysbiosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina-Maria Holban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Alina-Maria Holban
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Ko T, Murakami H, Kamikouchi A, Ishimoto H. Biogenic action of Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promotes sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2022; 25:104626. [PMID: 35811846 PMCID: PMC9257349 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) influence multiple aspects of host brain function via the production of active metabolites in the gut, which is known as the pre/probiotic action. However, little is known about the biogenic effects of LAB on host brain function. Here, we reported that the Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promoted sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Administration of SBT2227 primarily increased the amount of sleep and decreased sleep latency at the beginning of night-time. The sleep-promoting effects of SBT2227 were independent of the existing gut flora. Furthermore, heat treatment or mechanical crushing of SBT2227 did not suppress the sleep-promoting effects, indicative of biogenic action. Transcriptome analysis and RNAi mini-screening for gut-derived peptide hormones revealed the requirement of neuropeptide F, a homolog of the mammalian neuropeptide Y, for the action of SBT2227. These biogenic effects of SBT2227 on the host sleep provide new insights into the interaction between the brain and gut bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promotes sleep at the onset of nighttime Existing intestinal microbes do not affect the SBT2227 sleep effect Heat-stable intracellular/intramembrane components are candidates for active substances Neuropeptide F is required for the sleep-promoting effect of SBT2227
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25
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Pleurotus Ostreatus Ameliorates Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091868. [PMID: 35565835 PMCID: PMC9103077 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), a common edible mushroom, contains rich nutritional components with medicinal properties. To explore the effect of PO on ameliorating obesity and modulating the gut microbiota, we administered the mice with a low-fat diet or high-fat diet containing different dosages of PO (mass fraction: 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The body weight, adipose tissue weight, GTT, ITT, blood lipids, serum biomarkers of liver/kidney function, the gut microbiota and function were measured and analyzed after 6 weeks of PO treatment. The results showed PO prevented obesity, maintained glucose homeostasis and beneficially modulated gut microbiota. PO modified the composition and functions of gut microbiota in obese mice and make them similar to those in lean mice, which contributed to weight loss. PO significantly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospira, Lactobacillus group and Bifidobacterium, while decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Roseburia. The prediction of gut microbiota function showed PO upregulated lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, while it downregulated adipocytokine signaling pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis further suggested the potential relationship among obesity, gut microbiota and the function of gut microbiota. In conclusion, all the results indicated that PO ameliorated obesity at least partly by modulating the gut microbiota.
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26
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Barathikannan K, Chelliah R, Elahi F, Tyagi A, Selvakumar V, Agastian P, Valan Arasu M, Oh DH. Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031276. [PMID: 35163199 PMCID: PMC8835910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and cholesterol-lowering properties. Furthermore, it can withstand the extreme conditions found in the GI tract, due to, e.g., pepsin, bile salts, pancreatin, and acids. Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 was identified as a probiotic candidate after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The antibacterial activity of P. acidilactici MNL5 cell-free supernatants (CFS) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans was moderate. A Caenorhabditis elegans experiment was also performed to assess the effectiveness of P. acidilactici MNL5 supplementation to increase life span compared to E. coli supplementation (DAF-2 and LIU1 models) (p < 0.05). An immense reduction of the lipid droplets of C. elegans was identified through a fluorescent microscope. The drastic alteration of the expression of fat genes is related to obesity phenotypes. Hence, several paths are evolutionary for C. elegans; the results of our work highlight the nematode as an important model for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
- Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Akanksha Tyagi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Selvakumar
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India;
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Deog-Hawn Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6457
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27
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Sorboni SG, Moghaddam HS, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Soleimanpour S. A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0033820. [PMID: 34985325 PMCID: PMC8729913 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00338-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial acquisition of microbiota occurs from both the external and maternal environments, and the vast majority of them colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in the maturation and development of the immune system, the central nervous system, and the GIT system and are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental factors, lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect the composition of the gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that an imbalance in the gut microflora, known as dysbiosis, is associated with the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization of the microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical and clinical research on interventions related to the gut microbiome for treating neurological conditions, including autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the potential involvement of the human gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, with a particular emphasis on the potential of microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic microbial biomarkers. This review also discusses the potential health benefits of the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Blood Borne Infectious Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Centre, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Lee NK, Han KJ, Park H, Paik HD. Effects of the Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KU15120 Derived from Korean Homemade Diced-Radish Kimchi Against Oxidation and Adipogenesis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:728-737. [PMID: 35031967 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microflora can influence abnormal adipocyte growth. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the probiotic properties and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of isolated strains from homemade kimchi. Among the isolated strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KU15120 showed high tolerance to artificial gastric juice and bile salt conditions, high adhesion to HT-29 cells, nonproduction of β-glucuronidase, nonhemolysis, and acceptable resistance to antibiotics. It showed high antioxidant activity, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and antioxidant activity, as determined by the β-carotene bleaching assay. Oil red O staining and intracellular triglyceride levels revealed reduced lipid accumulation, which confirmed the anti-adipogenic activity of L. plantarum KU15120. In addition, the expression levels of fatty acid synthase, CCAAT/enhance-binding protein α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, were significantly lower in the probiotic-treated group than in the control group. These results suggest that L. plantarum KU15120 has probiotic properties, antioxidant, and antiobesity effects and could be used as a therapeutic probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.,WithBio Inc, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jun Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Park
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Costa MADC, Vilela DLDS, Fraiz GM, Lopes IL, Coelho AIM, Castro LCV, Martin JGP. Effect of kombucha intake on the gut microbiota and obesity-related comorbidities: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34698580 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented nonalcoholic tea-based beverage produced through a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. In vitro studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-carcinogenic properties of kombucha. However, no systematic reviews have evaluated the effects of kombucha in vivo. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the evidence that exists so far about kombucha consumption on comorbidities associated with obesity as well as on the gut microbiota. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020158917). The MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used in the search considering the following terms: "kombucha" OR "kombucha tea" OR "kombucha teas" OR "tea, kombucha" OR "teas, kombucha" NOT "review." Fifteen studies were included in this review. The results suggest that kombucha consumption attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation, improves the liver detoxification process, and reduces intestinal dysbiosis. There is evidence that kombucha consumption is beneficial for the control and treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities, as well as for the modulation of the gut microbiota in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Macedo Fraiz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Lima Lopes
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Iris Mendes Coelho
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - José Guilherme Prado Martin
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effects of crude Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharides as potential prebiotics on acidifying activity and growth of probiotics in fermented milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Yao Y, Zhou X, Hadiatullah H, Li C, Wang X, Wang S. Effects of Human, Caprine, and Bovine Milk Fat Globules on Microbiota Adhesion and Gut Microecology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9778-9787. [PMID: 34369764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat is an essential nutrient for infant development. The effects and mechanisms of human, caprine, and bovine milk fat globules (MFGs) on the gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Human MFGs enhance the efficacy of probiotics by inhibiting pathogen function. Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium were identified as the dominant microbiota by human MFGs. Mucin and complement inhibitory proteins in human MFGs were found to inhibit different pathogens. Caprine MFGs directly promoted the colonization of probiotics and the emergence of the biomarker Allobaculum. Mucin 1 in caprine MFGs was primarily responsible for inducing probiotic adhesion. Bovine MFGs increased the abundance of Oscillospira, which reduces the risk of obesity. Due to the enrichment of cell-cell junction proteins and the lack of mucin, the regulation of gut microecology by bovine MFGs was not readily apparent. In short, this study paves the way for the development of functional infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changmo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Chaiyasut C, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Khongtan S, Khampithum N, Thangaleela S, Peerajan S, Bumrungpert A, Chaiyasut K, Sirilun S, Sittiprapaporn P. Synbiotic Supplementation Improves Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Thai Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Foods 2021; 10:1580. [PMID: 34359450 PMCID: PMC8304233 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cluster of metabolic disorders includes obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Evolving proofs suggest an essential role of microbiota in human health and disease, including digestion, energy and glucose metabolism, immunomodulation, and brain function. The frequency of overweight is increasing, and the main causes for this are highly processed foods and less active lifestyles. Research is underway to unravel the probable relationship between obesity and intestinal microbiota. Here, we propose a method to understand and elucidate the synergistic function of prebiotics and probiotics in treating obesity. The biomarkers of obesity, such as cholesterol, gut permeability, oxidative stress, bacterial toxins, cytokines, and short-chain fatty acids, were analyzed in Thai obese individuals after being supplemented with a synbiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, inulin, and fructooligosaccharide. The results reveal that the supplementation of synbiotics significantly altered the obesity-associated biomarkers in an appositive way. Further studies are warranted to use synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy for the management of obesity-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Suchanat Khongtan
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Nanticha Khampithum
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Akkarach Bumrungpert
- Mahidol Nutrition Society, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Natural Products for Health & Anti-Aging, College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Khontaros Chaiyasut
- Institute of Research and Development, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiangmai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (N.K.); (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Department of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Science, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 11120, Thailand
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33
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Qi R, Sun J, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Huang J, Ge L, Liu Z. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the growth and physiological state of muscle tissue in piglets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11237. [PMID: 34045661 PMCID: PMC8160342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of the intestinal microbiota in host growth and health is well known, the relationship between microbiota colonization and muscle development is unclear. In this study, the direct causal effects of the colonization of gut microorganisms on the muscle tissue of piglets were investigated. The body weight and lean mass of germ-free (GF) piglets were approximately 40% lower than those of normal piglets. The deletion of the intestinal microbiota led to weakened muscle function and a reduction in myogenic regulatory proteins, such as MyoG and MyoD, in GF piglets. In addition, the blinded IGF1/AKT/mTOR pathway in GF piglets caused muscle atrophy and autophagy, which were characterized by the high expression of Murf-1 and KLF15. Gut microbiota introduced to GF piglets via fecal microbiota transplantation not only colonized the gut but also partially restored muscle growth and development. Furthermore, the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers was lower in the muscle of GF piglets, which was caused by the reduced short-chain fatty acid content in the circulation and impaired mitochondrial function in muscle. Collectively, these findings suggest that the growth, development and function of skeletal muscle in animals are mediated by the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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34
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Li Q, Guo S, Yang C, Liu X, Chen X, He J, Tong C, Ding Y, Peng C, Geng Y, Mu X, Liu T, Li F, Wang Y, Gao R. High-fat diet-induced obesity primes fatty acid β-oxidation impairment and consequent ovarian dysfunction during early pregnancy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:887. [PMID: 34164521 PMCID: PMC8184480 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with many adverse effects on female fertility. Obese women have a higher likelihood of developing ovulatory dysfunction due to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. However, the effect of obesity on ovarian function during early pregnancy needs to be further assessed. Methods C57BL6/J mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. An in vitro high-fat model was established by treating the human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN with oleic acid and palmitic acid. Ovarian morphology of obese mice in early pregnancy was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and ovarian function was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Oil Red O staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect fatty acid accumulation. Specific markers relating to the ovarian functional mechanism were assessed by real-time PCR, western blotting, lactate detection, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection, biochemical analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results of this study showed that during early pregnancy, the number of corpus lutea, serum estradiol and progesterone levels, and the expression of the steroid biosynthesis-related protein CYP19A1 (aromatase), CYP11A1 (cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme), and StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), were significantly increased in HFD mice. Mice fed an HFD also showed a significant increase in ovarian lipid accumulation on day 7 of pregnancy. Genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (Acsl4 and Elovl5), and fatty acid uptake and transport (Slc27a4), together with the β-oxidation rate-limiting enzyme Cpt1a, were significantly upregulated in HFD mice. Specifically, there was abnormal elevation of ATP and aberrant expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)- and electron transport chain (ETC)-related genes in the ovaries of pregnant HFD mice. KGN cells treated with etomoxir targeting β-oxidation of fatty acid showed decreased TCA cycle and ETC related gene expression. The elevation of ATP and estradiol and progesterone levels was reversed. Conclusions During early pregnancy, HFD-induced obesity increases fatty acid β-oxidation, which in turn increases TCA cycle and ETC related gene expression, leading to increased ATP production and ovarian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sujuan Guo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengshun Yang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taihang Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Microbial Resources, Fermentation and Reduction of Negative Externalities in Food Systems: Patterns toward Sustainability and Resilience. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the main targets of sustainable development is the reduction of environmental, social, and economic negative externalities associated with the production of foods and beverages. Those externalities occur at different stages of food chains, from the farm to the fork, with deleterious impacts to different extents. Increasing evidence testifies to the potential of microbial-based solutions and fermentative processes as mitigating strategies to reduce negative externalities in food systems. In several cases, innovative solutions might find in situ applications from the farm to the fork, including advances in food matrices by means of tailored fermentative processes. This viewpoint recalls the attention on microbial biotechnologies as a field of bioeconomy and of ‘green’ innovations to improve sustainability and resilience of agri-food systems alleviating environmental, economic, and social undesired externalities. We argue that food scientists could systematically consider the potential of microbes as ‘mitigating agents’ in all research and development activities dealing with fermentation and microbial-based biotechnologies in the agri-food sector. This aims to conciliate process and product innovations with a development respectful of future generations’ needs and with the aptitude of the systems to overcome global challenges.
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36
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The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111715. [PMID: 33139627 PMCID: PMC7692443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.
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37
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Dodoo CC, Stapleton P, Basit AW, Gaisford S. The potential of Streptococcus salivarius oral films in the management of dental caries: An inkjet printing approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119962. [PMID: 33049357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics, which can be administered in oro-dispersible films (ODFs) and have prolonged activity in the mouth, was explored. ODFs made of xylitol and containing Streptococcus salivarius were formulated using inkjet printing and tested against Streptococcus mutans - a causative organism of dental caries. The testing of the prepared ODFs involved co-incubating an ink-jetted formulation of S. salivarius and xylitol with S. mutans and monitoring the microbial growth kinetics in real-time using isothermal microcalorimetry and colony plate counts. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of S. salivarius were also tested against S. mutans. The phosphate solubilisation potential of S. salivarius was also determined and found to be negative, an indication that the species will not deplete phosphate from teeth. From the tests, it was observed that the formulation reduced the S. mutans population from 7.9 to 5.04 Log CFU/mL post-calorimetry (approximately 3 Log reduction) which was comparable to the 99.9% reduction expected during antimicrobial activity testing. A gradual decrease in S. mutans population was also observed with increasing of CFS of S. salivarius volumes indicative of pathogen suppression. This study demonstrates that S. salivarius can be useful in managing dental caries and ODFs of S. salivarius can be formulated easily using ink-jetting for such management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius C Dodoo
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Paul Stapleton
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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38
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Vallianou N, Stratigou T, Christodoulatos GS, Tsigalou C, Dalamaga M. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Postbiotics, and Obesity: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2020; 9:179-192. [PMID: 32472285 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize current evidence on gut microbiome and obesity; we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in obesity prevention and management; and we highlight and analyze main limitations, challenges, and controversies of their use. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies examining the use of probiotics and synbiotics in obesity has shown their beneficial effects on weight reduction and other metabolic parameters via their involvement in gut microbiota modulation. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains are still the most widely used probiotics in functional foods and dietary supplements, but next generation probiotics, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Clostridia strains, have demonstrated promising results. On the contrary, meta-analyses of human studies on the use of prebiotics in obesity have yielded contradictory results. In animal studies, postbiotics, mainly short-chain fatty acids, may increase energy expenditure through induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as well as browning of the white adipose tissue. The main limitations of studies on biotics in obesity include the paucity of human studies; heterogeneity among the studied subgroups regarding age, gender, and lifestyle; and use of different agents with potential therapeutic effects in different formulations, doses, ratio and different pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics. In terms of safety, the supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has not been associated with serious adverse effects among immune-competent individuals, with the exception of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in immunocompromised patients. Further large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in humans are required to evaluate the beneficial properties of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics; their ideal dose; the duration of supplementation; and the durability of their beneficial effects as well as their safety profile in the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th Km Alexandroupolis-Makri, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Kim J, Choi JH, Oh T, Ahn B, Unno T. Codium fragile Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolism by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061848. [PMID: 32575855 PMCID: PMC7353201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a functional seaweed food that has been used for its health effects, including immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities, but the effect of CF extracts on obesity via regulation of intestinal microflora is still unknown. This study investigated anti-obesity effects of CF extracts on gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet were given CF extracts intragastrically for 12 weeks. CF extracts significantly decreased animal body weight and the size of adipocytes, while reducing serum levels of cholesterol and glucose. In addition, CF extracts significantly shifted the gut microbiota of mice by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia species, in which the portion of beneficial bacteria (i.e., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Acetatifactor) were increased. This resulted in shifting predicted intestinal metabolic pathways involved in regulating adipocytes (i.e., mevalonate metabolism), energy harvest (i.e., pyruvate fermentation and glycolysis), appetite (i.e., chorismate biosynthesis) and metabolic disorders (i.e., isoprene biosynthesis, urea metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis). In conclusion, our study showed that CF extracts ameliorate intestinal metabolism in HF-induced obese mice by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungman Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Byungjae Ahn
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3354
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40
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Stefania DS, Clodoveo ML, Cariello M, D'Amato G, Franchini C, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Polyphenols and obesity prevention: critical insights on molecular regulation, bioavailability and dose in preclinical and clinical settings. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1804-1826. [PMID: 32436425 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology in which environmental, behavioral, metabolic, and genetic factors work together. Despite the rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in the last decades, especially in children, it remains a preventable disease. To battle obesity a multisector approach promoting healthier lifestyle in terms of physical activity and nutrition is needed. Specifically, biologically active dietary compounds, as polyphenols, are able to modulate the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of obesity and its comorbidities as demonstrated by multiple studies using different obesity models. However, human studies focusing on the transcriptomic modulation by polyphenols in obese patients are still limited and do not often recapitulate the results obtained in preclinical setting likely due to the underestimation of some variables such as bioavailability, dose and form (native vs. metabolized) of polyphenols used. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art of nutrigenomic in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies as well as clinical trials based on dietary polyphenols to fight obesity. We also critical discuss the variables to be considered to fill the gap between preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Santis Stefania
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M L Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G D'Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - C Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - F Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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41
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Weight-Reducing Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFT17 Isolated from Sourdough Ecosystem. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040977. [PMID: 32244807 PMCID: PMC7230932 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFT17 (T17) is a potential probiotic bacterium isolated from Chinese traditional sourdough. The purpose of this study was to investigate its weight-reducing effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and further to elucidate possible mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice fed HFD were given T17 (2–4 × 108 cfu) intragastrically for 10 weeks. The results showed that the administration of T17 significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain, alleviated HFD-induced increase in serum lipids and decreased energy intake. The serum levels of obesity-related metabolic signaling molecules, including insulin, adiponectin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were markedly improved. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that T17 administration dramatically modulated the gut microbiota, suppressing pathogenic and pro-inflammatory microbes and stimulating the microbes favoring anti-obesity. The weight-reducing efficacy of T17 may be explained by its ability to ameliorate systemic inflammation and insulin resistance mediated by gut microbiota. This study revealed that T17 could ameliorate obesity and the concomitant metabolic syndrome in mice and that the lactic acid bacteria in the sourdough ecosystem may also possess anti-obesity/weight-reducing properties.
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Lipid mediators and asthma: Scope of therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113925. [PMID: 32217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their mediators are known to play a pro-inflammatory role in several human diseases including asthma. The influence of leukotrienes and prostaglandins through arachidonate metabolism in asthma pathophysiology is well established and hence, prompted the way for therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolites. In addition, various types of fatty acids have been reported to play a diverse role in asthma. For instance, CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation towards T-effector (Teff) or T-regulatory (Tregs) cells seems to be controlled reciprocally by fatty acid metabolic pathways. Further, the dysregulated lipid status in obesity complicates the asthma manifestations suggesting the role of lipid metabolites particularly ω-6 fatty acids in the process. On the other hand, clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests the role of short chain fatty acids in curbing asthma through upregulation of T-regulatory cells or clearance of inflammatory cells through promoting apoptosis. Accordingly, the present review compiles various studies for comprehensive analysis of different types of lipid based metabolites in asthma manifestation. Finally, we have proposed certain strategies which may enhance the usefulness of lipid mediators for balanced immune response during asthma.
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Whitley KV, Tueller JA, Weber KS. Genomics Education in the Era of Personal Genomics: Academic, Professional, and Public Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030768. [PMID: 31991576 PMCID: PMC7037382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, genomic sequencing has become a prominent tool used by diverse disciplines in modern science. In the past 20 years, the cost of genomic sequencing has decreased exponentially, making it affordable and accessible. Bioinformatic and biological studies have produced significant scientific breakthroughs using the wealth of genomic information now available. Alongside the scientific benefit of genomics, companies offer direct-to-consumer genetic testing which provide health, trait, and ancestry information to the public. A key area that must be addressed is education about what conclusions can be made from this genomic information and integrating genomic education with foundational genetic principles already taught in academic settings. The promise of personal genomics providing disease treatment is exciting, but many challenges remain to validate genomic predictions and diagnostic correlations. Ethical and societal concerns must also be addressed regarding how personal genomic information is used. This genomics revolution provides a powerful opportunity to educate students, clinicians, and the public on scientific and ethical issues in a personal way to increase learning. In this review, we discuss the influence of personal genomics in society and focus on the importance and benefits of genomics education in the classroom, clinics, and the public and explore the potential consequences of personal genomic education.
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