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Ming S, Zhang S, Xing J, Yang G, Zeng L, Wang J, Chu B. Alphaherpesvirus manipulates retinoic acid metabolism for optimal replication. iScience 2024; 27:110144. [PMID: 38989466 PMCID: PMC11233922 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), derived from retinol (ROL), is integral to cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. It is known that RA can inhibit herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication, but the interactions between alphaherpesviruses and RA metabolism are unclear. Our present study revealed that alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1 and Pseudorabies virus, PRV) infections suppressed RA synthesis from ROL by activating P53, which increased retinol reductase 3 (DHRS3) expression-an enzyme that converts retinaldehyde back to ROL. This process depended on the virus-triggered DNA damage response, the degradation of class I histone deacetylases, and the subsequent hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. Counteracting DHRS3 or P53 enabled higher RA synthesis and reduced viral growth. RA enhanced antiviral defenses by promoting ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated lipid efflux. Treatment with the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist palovarotene protected mice from HSV-1 infection, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiayou Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
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Corrao S, Raspanti M, Agugliaro F, Gervasi F, Di Bernardo F, Natoli G, Argano C. Safety of High-Dose Vitamin C in Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Open-Label Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3987. [PMID: 38999551 PMCID: PMC11242388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin C has been used as an antioxidant and has been proven effective in boosting immunity in different diseases, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19). An increasing awareness was directed to the role of intravenous vitamin C in COVID-19. Methods: In this study, we aimed to assess the safety of high-dose intravenous vitamin C added to the conventional regimens for patients with different stages of COVID-19. An open-label clinical trial was conducted on patients with COVID-19. One hundred four patients underwent high-dose intravenous administration of vitamin C (in addition to conventional therapy), precisely 10 g in 250 cc of saline solution in slow infusion (60 drops/min) for three consecutive days. At the same time, 42 patients took the standard-of-care therapy. Results: This study showed the safety of high-dose intravenous administration of vitamin C. No adverse reactions were found. When we evaluated the renal function indices and estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGRF, calculated with the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation) as the main side effect and contraindication related to chronic renal failure, no statistically significant differences between the two groups were found. High-dose vitamin C treatment was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality and admission to the intensive care unit, even if the result was bound to the statistical significance. On the contrary, age was independently associated with admission to the intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality as well as noninvasive ventilation (N.I.V.) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.41-3.35; OR 7.50, 95% CI 1.97-28.54; OR 8.84, 95% CI 2.62-29.88, respectively). When considering the length of hospital stay, treatment with high-dose vitamin C predicts shorter hospitalization (OR -4.95 CI -0.21--9.69). Conclusions: Our findings showed that an intravenous high dose of vitamin C is configured as a safe and promising therapy for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Corrao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.A.); (G.N.); (C.A.)
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Raspanti
- Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, A. Aiello Hospital, 91026 Mazzara del Vallo, Italy;
| | - Federica Agugliaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.A.); (G.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialized Laboratory of Oncology, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Natoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.A.); (G.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Christiano Argano
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.A.); (G.N.); (C.A.)
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Ahmed S, Liu G, Sadiq A, Yang H, Yongbin L, Farooq U, Yi D, Yiyu S, Xiaodong W, Ahmed M, Jiang X. Synergistic Effect of Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation on ORFV DNA Vaccine Immune Response in a Pregnant Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04263-9. [PMID: 38874865 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma is a contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Orf virus that can infect farm animals and humans, but no vaccine is available for pregnant mothers. Excessive oxidative stress during pregnancy can suppress the vaccine immune response in pregnant mothers; hence, maternal micronutrient supplementation could effectively improve the immune response, health, and oxidative status during pregnancy. In this study, we employed an 8-week-old pregnant rat model to receive a single intramuscular dose of 200 µg of ORF DNA vaccine with or without vitamin E and selenium supplementation to evaluate their effect on immune responses (specific IgG and IgG isotypes), oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and blood glucose levels in maternal-neonatal serum and milk secretions. Additionally, antioxidant-related gene expressions were analyzed in the maternal placenta and pups' liver. The results showed that supplementation of vitamin E and selenium with ORF DNA vaccination increased the production of specific antibody and IgG isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) and reduced the oxidative stress in neonatal-maternal serum and milk compared to both the control group and those vaccinated without supplementation (p < 0.05). Notably, the ORF DNA vaccine did not cause oxidative stress and hepatic damage. However, combined supplementation of vitamin E and selenium with DNA vaccination significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and improved the antioxidant-related enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and selenoprotein P (SELP) in the maternal placenta and liver of pups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal supplementation of vitamin E and selenium enhanced the immune responses of the ORF DNA vaccine by mitigating oxidative stress in pregnant rats and could thus be a promising strategy for better health outcomes for both mothers and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Amber Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huiguo Yang
- Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Liu Yongbin
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Yiyu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Xiaodong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Wu X, Yang Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and fibrotic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112085. [PMID: 38626550 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, a common cause and serious outcome of organ failure that can affect any organ, is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in various clinical settings. Both preclinical models and clinical trials investigating various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. Although many studies have sought to gain understanding of the mechanism of fibrosis progression, their findings have been mixed. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and participate in the regulation of fibrotic processes in various organs and systems. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of NETs in fibrosis development and progression and their possibility as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Camelo ALM, Zamora Obando HR, Rocha I, Dias AC, Mesquita ADS, Simionato AVC. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics? Metabolites 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38668323 PMCID: PMC11051775 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Melo Camelo
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Hans Rolando Zamora Obando
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Isabela Rocha
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Aline Cristina Dias
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra de Sousa Mesquita
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics—INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gao Z, Danzhen Z, Zhu J, Li Y, Xu Z, Chu L. Vitamin D levels and olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38372675 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2304081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore the possible relationship between the serum vitamin D level and olfactory impairment in a population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Guizhou, China. METHODS We included 25 patients with MS and 18 healthy controls (HCs) who were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February 2021 to September 2021. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to test the patients' sense of smell, and the level of serum 25-hydroxyethylene polyprotein D was measured. RESULTS Serum vitamin D levels and UPSIT scores were significantly different between the MS group and the control group (both p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation emerged between vitamin D levels and UPSIT scores in MS patients (r = 0.537, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS The serum vitamin D level may be involved in the regulation of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients in Guizhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoma Danzhen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
- Basic Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Lan Chu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
- Basic Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
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Yoshida A, Furumachi K, Kumagai E, Hosohata K. Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study in Japan. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:441-448. [PMID: 38333567 PMCID: PMC10849912 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s440742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to determine risk factors for COVID-19 infection in Japanese patients. Patients and Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study in Japanese adult patients (≥20 years) who visited Kenwakai Hospital (Nagano Japan). We analyzed data of 378 patients (mean age, 75 ± 14 years; men, 54%) from the hospital's electronic information system. COVID-19 was diagnosed by polymerase-chain reaction. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on diagnosis of COVID-19. Results Patients infected with COVID-19 showed significantly higher rates of men (69.8 vs 51.6%, P = 0.025) than uninfected control patients. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with BUN (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.03) and serum creatinine (Scr) (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24). This association was observed in men (BUN, P = 0.012; Scr, P = 0.012), but not in women (BUN, P = 0.43; Scr, P = 0.54). Conclusion BUN and Scr are potential risk factors for infection of COVID-19 in Japanese patients, particularly in men. Our results suggest that renal parameters might be important in Japanese male patients for the early detection of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Yoshida
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Etsuko Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology, Kenwakai Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Nikolakopoulou S, Konstantinou A, Mascha O, Siarkos E, Samaras C, Athanassiou P, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D Levels as a Marker of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:210. [PMID: 38398719 PMCID: PMC10890332 DOI: 10.3390/life14020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus may cause severe infection, which is associated with diverse clinical manifestations. Vitamin D has immunomodulating properties and may enhance the body's defense system against invading pathogenic organisms. The aim was to assess 25(OH)D3 levels in patients hospitalized for severe infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus and explore the relationship between 25(OH)D3 and outcomes. In a group of 88 patients hospitalized for severe infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus and a control group matched for age and sex, the levels of 25(OH)D3 were analyzed. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were 17.36 ± 8.80 ng/mL (mean ± SD) compared with 24.34 ± 10.34 ng/mL in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and the control group, respectively, p < 0.001 (Student's t-test). 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly related to outcomes, i.e., survival as opposed to non-survival, as more patients with 25(OH)D3 deficiency (0-10 ng/mL) and insufficiency (10-20 ng/mL) had a fatal outcome as compared with those with vitamin D sufficiency (p < 0.001, chi-square test, p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Levels of 25(OH)D3 were inversely related to C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, d-dimer, and fibrinogen levels (p < 0.001, linear regression analysis, beta coefficient of variation, -0.176, -0.160, -0.178, and -0.158, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency observed in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was related to disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Athanassiou
- COVID-19 Department, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece; (L.A.); (S.N.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Sofia Nikolakopoulou
- COVID-19 Department, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece; (L.A.); (S.N.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexandra Konstantinou
- COVID-19 Department, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece; (L.A.); (S.N.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Olga Mascha
- Department of Biochemistry, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Siarkos
- COVID-19 Department, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece; (L.A.); (S.N.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Charilaos Samaras
- COVID-19 Department, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece; (L.A.); (S.N.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Reichman University, Herzelya 4610101, Israel;
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Mahjoub L, Youssef R, Yaakoubi H, Salah HB, Jaballah R, Mejri M, Sekma A, Trabelsi I, Nouira S, Khrouf M, Soltane HB, Mezgar Z, Boukadida L, Zorgati A, Boukef R. Melatonin, vitamins and minerals supplements for the treatment of Covid-19 and Covid-like illness: A prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:95-100. [PMID: 37419768 PMCID: PMC10281695 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin, zinc, and multivitamins are among most recommended supplements in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of this association in the treatment of COVID-19 and COVID-like illnesses. METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Patients with no medical history consulting the emergency department for covid and covid-like illness and who were not hospitalized were included. Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the treatment or the placebo group. The primary outcome was studying the effectiveness of zinc multivitamin supplement and melatonin in the treatment of COVID and -like illnesses symptoms' according to the time from randomization to clinical improvement. The pre-specified secondary outcomes were date of disappearance of symptoms present on admission, appearance of an adverse effect due to the administration of the treatment, number of patients developing complications, requiring hospitalization, requiring respiratory support. RESULTS One hundred sixty four patients were eligible for the study and were randomized to either the treatment group or the placebo group. Overall, 128 of the 164 patients had a PCR for SARS-CoV-2, yielding a positive PCR result in 49.1% of them. Regarding the disappearance of all initial presenting symptoms: on the 5th day of the follow-up, there was a significant difference between the two groups with a p value 0.04;On the 10th day, there was a significant difference too with p value of 0.038. There were no significant differences between the two groups in recovery during the 15th day of follow-up p>0.5. Finally, 100% of patients fully recovered in the treatment group vs 98.8% in the placebo group. No severe adverse events were reported throughout the trial. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that daily doses of Melatonin, zinc and vitamins did significantly reduce the duration of symptoms accelerating its disappearance among patients consulting with COVID-19 or COVID-19 like illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Mahjoub
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rym Youssef
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Yaakoubi
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Houda Ben Salah
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Jaballah
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Moez Mejri
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sekma
- Research Laboratory LR12SP18, Monastir University, 5019 Tunisia
| | - Imen Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory LR12SP18, Monastir University, 5019 Tunisia
| | - Semir Nouira
- Research Laboratory LR12SP18, Monastir University, 5019 Tunisia
| | - Mariem Khrouf
- Emergency department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4031 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Houda Ben Soltane
- Emergency department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4031 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Zied Mezgar
- Emergency department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, 4031 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Boukadida
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Zorgati
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Boukef
- Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, 4011 Sousse, Tunisia
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10
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Bartsch AJ, Skornia AA, Mardin CY, Hohberger B. Bilateral Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy (AMN) after COVID-19 and its Clinical Course. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:95-101. [PMID: 37156501 DOI: 10.1055/a-2022-8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare disease entity. It is mainly observed in young women with a history of influenza-like infection or who have been taking oral contraceptives for several years. Patients typically describe subjective visual deterioration and mono- or bilateral paracentral relative scotomas. In some cases, funduscopic ophthalmic examination may reveal subtle sharply demarcated flat lesions of reddish-brown or orange colour in the macular region. Diagnosis is usually made by near-infrared fundus imaging which shows hyporeflective areas, and SD-OCT imaging which manifests changes in the outer retinal layers. In the following, three patient cases with bilateral AMN are described which occurred in direct temporal relationship to a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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11
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Qi Z, Duan A, Ng K. Selenoproteins in Health. Molecules 2023; 29:136. [PMID: 38202719 PMCID: PMC10779588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential micronutrient that is required for human health. The existing form of Se includes inorganic and organic. In contrast to the inorganic Se, which has low bioavailability and high cytotoxicity, organic Se exhibits higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and has a more diverse composition and structure. This review presents the nutritional benefits of Se by listing and linking selenoprotein (SeP) functions to evidence of health benefits. The research status of SeP from foods in recent years is introduced systematically, particularly the sources, biochemical transformation and speciation, and the bioactivities. These aspects are elaborated with references for further research and utilization of organic Se compounds in the field of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Alex Duan
- Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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12
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Viçozzi GP, de Oliveira Pereira FS, da Silva RS, Leal JG, Sarturi JM, Nogara PA, Rodrigues OED, Teixeira da Rocha JB, Ávila DS. In silico evidences of Mpro inhibition by a series of organochalcogen-AZT derivatives and their safety in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127297. [PMID: 37716209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic emerged in 2019 causing millions of deaths. Vaccines were quickly developed and made available in 2021. Despite the availability of vaccines, some subjects refuse to take the immunizing or present comorbities, therefore developing serious cases of COVID-19, which makes necessary the development of antiviral drugs. Previous studies have demonstrated that ebselen, a selenium-containing molecule, can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. In addition, selenium is a trace element that has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Zidovudine (AZT) has been widely used against HIV infections and its action against SARS-CoV-2 may be altered by the structural modification with organochalcogen moieties, but this hypothesis still needs to be tested. METHODS In the present work we evaluated the Mpro inhibition capacity (in silico), the safety and antioxidant effect of six organochalcogen AZT-derivatives using the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, through acute (30 min) and chronic (48) exposure protocols. RESULTS We observed that the molecules were safe at a concentration range of 1-500 µM and did not alter any toxicological endpoint evaluated. Furthermore, the molecules are capable to decrease the ROS formation stimulated by hydrogen peroxide, to modulate the expression of important antioxidant enzymes such superoxide-dismutase-3 and glutathione S-transferese-4 and to stimulate the translocation of the DAF-16 to the cell nucleus. In addition, the molecules did not deplete thiol groups, which reinforces their safety and contribution to oxidative stress resistance. CONCLUSIONS We have found that compounds S116l (a Tellurium AZT-derivative) and S116h (a Selenium-AZT derivative) presented more promising effects both in silico and in vivo, being strong candidates for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pedroso Viçozzi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Suelen de Oliveira Pereira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Santos da Silva
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Julliano Guerin Leal
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Joelma Menegazzi Sarturi
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pablo Andrei Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Av. Leonel de Moura Brizola, 2501, 96418-400 Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Varghese R, Digholkar G, Karsiya J, Salvi S, Shah J, Kumar D, Sharma R. PDE5 inhibitors: breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:295-307. [PMID: 38167268 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. CONTENT Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. SUMMARY Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. OUTLOOK These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi Digholkar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jainam Karsiya
- River Route Creative Group LLP, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Salvi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeenam Shah
- Department of Pulmonology, Saifee Hospital, Girgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Ding N, Zeng Z, Luo J, Li K. The cross-sectional relationship between vitamin C and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels: insights from NHANES database. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1290749. [PMID: 38024382 PMCID: PMC10675847 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1290749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ascorbic acid or vitamin C has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may impact markers of inflammation like C-reactive protein (CRP). However, studies specifically on vitamin C and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been scarce. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 dataset including 5,380 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years. Multiple regression models examined the relationship between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP while adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses and curve fitting assessed effect modification and nonlinearity. Results An inverse association was found between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP overall (β = -0.025, 95% CI: -0.033 to -0.017, p < 0.00001) and in subgroups except for the "other Hispanic" subgroup in model II (β = -0.009, 95% CI: (-0.040, 0.023), p = 0.5885). The relationship was nonlinear, with the greatest hs-CRP reduction observed up to a plasma vitamin C level of 53.1 μmol/L. Conclusion The results showed a non-linear negative correlation between vitamin C levels and hs-CRP in adults. These results suggest vitamin C intake may reduce inflammation and cardiovascular risk, but only up to 53.1 μmol/L plasma vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Keng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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15
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Acosta M, Fernández LP, Talio MC. Sonochemical Synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Sensor for Selenium (IV) Quantification. Application to Food and Drink Samples. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2479-2488. [PMID: 37154848 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO Nps), sonochemical synthesized and characterized in our laboratory, are proposed as fluorescent sensor for selenium (Se) determination. The new methodology has been developed based on the enhancing effect of the Se(IV) on fluorescent emission of MnO Nps. Experimental variables that influence on fluorimetric sensitivity were optimized. The calibration graph using zeroth order regression was linear from 0.189 ng L-1 to 8.00 × 103 µg L-1, with correlation coefficient better than 0.99. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were of 0.062 ng L-1 and 0.189 ng L-1, respectively. The trueness of the methodology was assessed through standard addition method obtaining recovery near to 100%. This method showed good tolerance to foreign ions, particularly to Se(VI), and was applied to determination of Se(IV) trace in food and drink samples with satisfactory results. With the intention of preserving the environment from harmful effects, a degradation study of the used nanomaterials has been included for their subsequent disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Acosta
- INQUISAL-CONICET, Almirante Brown 907 CP: D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
- Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNSL, San Luis, Argentina
- Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP: D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Liliana Patricia Fernández
- INQUISAL-CONICET, Almirante Brown 907 CP: D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
- Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNSL, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Maria Carolina Talio
- INQUISAL-CONICET, Almirante Brown 907 CP: D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
- Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNSL, San Luis, Argentina.
- Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP: D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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16
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Basilico M, Scarcella M, Rinninella E, Giostra N, Marcelli S, Rasetti C, Tack J, Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E. Impact of Immuno-Nutrition on the Nutritional Status, Inflammatory Response and Clinical Outcome of Clinic-Admitted Mild-Intensity-COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot, Perspective-Concluding Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:1070. [PMID: 37887395 PMCID: PMC10608653 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted our lives since early 2020. Both malnutrition and an overweight status significantly correlate with worse patient outcomes and mortality. Immuno-nutrition (IN) has shown promising results in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinical course and the extubation time and mortality of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Thus, we wanted to assess the impact of a standardized IN oral formula on COVID-19 patients admitted to our mild-intensity clinic in late 2021. We prospectively enrolled patients admitted to the Internal Medicine COVID-19 Unit of San Benedetto General Hospital. All patients had biochemical, anthropometric, HRCT chest scan, and nutritional assessments at the time of admission and, after oral immuno-nutrition formula administration, at 15 days of the interval follow up. We enrolled 52 consecutive patients (mean age of 60.9 ± 5.4 years, 17 F, and BMI of 23.5 Kg/m2). The main comorbidities were diabetes (20%, type 2: 90%), hyperuricemia (15%), hypertension (38%), chronic ischemic heart disease (12%), COPD (13%), anxiety (10%), and depression (8%). Upon informed consent, 14 patients (mean age of 67.9 ± 5.4 years, 7 F, and BMI of 26.7 Kg/m2) were accepted to be administered IN. A moderate to severe overweight status was present in 59% of the patients; MNA test (4.4 ± 0.7) and phase angle (PA) values, suggestive of malnutrition, were present in 13% of the patients. After 15 days of admission, we recorded three deaths (mean age of 68.9 ± 4.1 years, 3 F, and BMI of 27.5 Kg/m2). An overweight status significantly correlated with the exitus occurrence (r = 0.65). One death was reported among the IN-treated patients. IN administration was followed by a significant decrease in inflammatory markers with a tendency to be higher than those of non-treated patients. IN prevented the worsening of BMI and PA vs. non-treated patients. In this overweight COVID-19 population, immuno-nutrition prevented malnutrition development with a significant decrease in inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Basilico
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy; (M.B.); (N.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Marialaura Scarcella
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science-Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nena Giostra
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy; (M.B.); (N.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Stefano Marcelli
- Nurse Teaching Programme Direction, Polytechnics University of Marche, 63036 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Carlo Rasetti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy; (M.B.); (N.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science-Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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17
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Arafa FM, Mogahed NMFH, Eltarahony MM, Diab RG. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: trace element with promising anti-toxoplasma effect. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:639-654. [PMID: 36871204 PMCID: PMC10498805 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2186079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii which represents a food and water contaminant. The available chemotherapeutic agents for toxoplasmosis are limited and the choice is difficult when considering the side effects. Selenium is an essential trace element. It is naturally found in dietary sources, especially seafood, and cereals. Selenium and selenocompounds showed anti-parasitic effects through antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The present study evaluated the potential efficacy of environmentally benign selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against acute toxoplasmosis in a mouse model. SeNPs were fabricated by nanobiofactory Streptomyces fulvissimus and characterized by different analytical techniques including, UV-spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, EDX, and XRD. Swiss albino mice were infected with Toxoplasma RH strain in a dose of 3500 tachyzoites in 100 μl saline to induce acute toxoplasmosis. Mice were divided into five groups. Group I: non-infected, non-treated, group II: infected, non-treated, group III: non-infected, treated with SeNPs, group IV: infected, treated with co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) and group V: infected, treated with SeNPs. There was a significant increase in survival time in the SeNPs-treated group and minimum parasite count was observed compared to untreated mice in hepatic and splenic impression smears. Scanning electron microscopy showed tachyzoites deformity with multiple depressions and protrusions, while transmission electron microscopy showed excessive vacuolization and lysis of the cytoplasm, especially in the area around the nucleus and the apical complex, together with irregular cell boundary and poorly demarcated cell organelles. The present study demonstrated that the biologically synthesized SeNPs can be a potential natural anti-Toxoplasma agent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa M. Arafa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermine M. F. H. Mogahed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research centers District, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Radwa G. Diab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Varghese R, Digholkar G, Karsiya J, Salvi S, Shah J, Kumar D, Sharma R. PDE5 inhibitors: breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 0:dmdi-2023-0011. [PMID: 37608528 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. CONTENT Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. SUMMARY Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. OUTLOOK These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi Digholkar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jainam Karsiya
- River Route Creative Group LLP, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Salvi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeenam Shah
- Department of Pulmonology, Saifee Hospital, Girgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E, Paravati MR, Scarlata GGM, Boccuto L, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Luzza F. Gut Microbiota and Critically Ill Patients: Immunity and Its Modulation via Probiotics and Immunonutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:3569. [PMID: 37630759 PMCID: PMC10459644 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients have a hyper-inflammatory response against various offending injuries that can result in tissue damage, organ failure, and fatal prognosis. The origin of this detrimental, uncontrolled inflammatory cascade can be found also within our gut. In detail, one of the main actors is our gut microbiota with its imbalance, namely gut dysbiosis: learning about the microbiota's dysfunction and pathophysiology in the frame of critical patients is of crucial and emerging importance in the management of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the bacteria that populate our gut efficiently modulate the immune response. Treatment and pretreatment with probiotics have shown promising preliminary results to attenuate systemic inflammation, especially in postoperative infections and ventilation performance. Finally, it is emerging how immunonutrition may exert a possible impact on the health status of patients in intensive care. Thus, this manuscript reviews evidence from the literature on gut microbiota composition, its derangement in critically ill patients, its pathophysiological role, and the described and emerging opportunities arising from its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Translationeel Onderzoek van Gastro-Enterologische Aandoeningen (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University 11 Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Maria Rosaria Paravati
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.P.); (G.G.M.S.); (B.T.); (P.R.); (F.L.)
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20
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Rakotoambinina B, Hiffler L. Editorial: Clinical scope of micronutrients in human viral infections. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1258886. [PMID: 37637955 PMCID: PMC10457109 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1258886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rakotoambinina
- Lab LRI (Laboratory Radio Isotopes) Division of Isotopic Medicine, Pediatric and Adult Physiology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Cellular Nutrition Research, Lagny sur Marne, France
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21
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Pawłowski P, Pawłowska P, Ziętara KJ, Samardakiewicz M. The Critical Exploration into Current Evidence behind the Role of the Nutritional Support in Adult Patients Who Undergo Haematogenic Stem Cell Transplantation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3558. [PMID: 37630748 PMCID: PMC10459351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for many haematological conditions in patients of all ages. Nutritional support is important at each stage of treatment, but particular nutritional needs and dictated support occur during the preparatory (conditioning regimen) and post-transplant periods. Patients may require nutritional treatment by the enteral or parenteral route. The quantitative and qualitative composition of meals may change. Vitamin requirements, including vitamin D and vitamin C, might also be different. An adequately composed diet, adapted to the needs of the patient, may influence the occurrence of complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), gastrointestinal disorders, infections, and reduced survival time. Haematological diseases as well as transplantation can negatively affect the intestinal flora, with negative consequences in the form of mucosal inflammation and disorders of a functional nature. Currently, aspects related to nutrition are crucial in the care of patients after HSCT, and numerous studies, including randomized trials on these aspects, are being conducted. This study serves the critical analysis of current scientific evidence regarding nutritional support for patients after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawłowski
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Pawłowska
- The Critical Care Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marzena Samardakiewicz
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Aspects of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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22
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Singh S, Lohani P, Priya A, Ranjan A, Nimavat N. Effect of educational intervention on knowledge and attitude about the role of vitamins, minerals and nutraceuticals in COVID-19 and other disorders among medical and nursing undergraduates of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:142-148. [PMID: 37344064 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There must be a perfect balance between Food and Dietary supplements (DS) to ensure optimal well-being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a webinar on the change in knowledge and attitude about the role of vitamins, minerals and DS among medical and nursing undergraduates so that they could bring about a positive change in popular practices, as well-informed Health Care Professionals (HCPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a cross-sectional analytical study comprising 12 knowledge and 11 attitude questions administered to medical and nursing undergraduates with the help of semi-structured and pre-validated google form both before and after a webinar explaining the role of key nutrients and also the evidence and recommendations surrounding DS. Data were analyzed using STATA.12 to assess the impact of the webinar. RESULTS There were 415 participants, with 265 medical and 150 nursing students. There was a significant improvement both in the knowledge (4.95 (±1.45), 7.76 (±1.69) and attitude scores (pre-webinar mean score 31.8 (±5.57) post-webinar mean score 27.7 (±4.90))of the participants after the webinar. An overall positive correlation before the webinar changed to a more significant negative correlation, indicating a positive impact of the webinar (0.0054-0.0701). CONCLUSION The study suggests that continuing education informing various HCPs and undergraduate students about the absolute necessity of a diet rich in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics is the need of the hour. Additionally, the efficacy and safety concerns, appropriate indications and dosages of various DS should be adequately stressed so that informed decisions can be made. Such training programs might have a far-reaching impact on the nutrition choices of the population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Pallavi Lohani
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Patna, Bihar India; Dept of Community Medicine, Madhubani Medical College, Madhubani, Bihar, India.
| | - Aakanksha Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Nirav Nimavat
- Department of Community Medicine, PIMS, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India; Department of Community Medicine, Dr Kiran C Patel Medical College and Research Institute, Bharuch, Gujarat, India.
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23
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Djaoudene O, Romano A, Bradai YD, Zebiri F, Ouchene A, Yousfi Y, Amrane-Abider M, Sahraoui-Remini Y, Madani K. A Global Overview of Dietary Supplements: Regulation, Market Trends, Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:3320. [PMID: 37571258 PMCID: PMC10421343 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, the use of dietary supplements (DS) has continued to grow in many countries. Due to the public health crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and amidst fears regarding COVID-19 vaccines and their low supply in many regions of the world, there has been a marked interest in the use of DS as alternative means of protecting against and treating this emerging disease, as well as boosting the immune system and minimizing the risk of inflammation. Despite a lack of evidence to suggest their efficacy, a surge in the sales of DS has been reported in many parts of the world. Questions have also been raised about the health effects associated with DS due to their increased use during the health crisis. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated their beneficial properties as well as some adverse and even toxic effects. In addition, given the current global interest in this issue, a review is needed to establish the status of dietary supplements before and during the health crisis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the impact of dietary supplements on the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their regulation and associated market trends. First, we provide an overview of DS, including a comprehensive review of the legislative and regulatory aspects of DS in the USA, China, the EU, and Algeria. Second, we describe the prevalence of the most commonly consumed DS and their efficacy as a prophylactic modality in the era of COVID-19. Additionally, we examine the structure and size of the DS market in the countries that predominantly produce and import them, its global market trend, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on market growth. Finally, in this review, we also discuss the profile of DS users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Djaoudene
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Yasmine Djedjiga Bradai
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Feriel Zebiri
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Amina Ouchene
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Yasmine Yousfi
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Meriem Amrane-Abider
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Yasmine Sahraoui-Remini
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (Y.D.B.); (F.Z.); (A.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.S.-R.); (K.M.)
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24
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Singh P, Hernandez‐Rauda R, Peña‐Rodas O. Preventative and therapeutic potential of animal milk components against COVID-19: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2547-2579. [PMID: 37324885 PMCID: PMC10261805 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 is considered one of the most catastrophic events on earth. During the pandemic, food ingredients may play crucial roles in preventing infectious diseases and sustaining people's general health and well-being. Animal milk acts as a super food since it has the capacity to minimize the occurrence of viral infections due to inherent antiviral properties of its ingredients. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection can be prevented by immune-enhancing and antiviral properties of caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, mucin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, and glycerol monolaurate. Some of the milk proteins (i.e., lactoferrin) may work synergistically with antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir), and enhance the effectiveness of treatment in this disease. Cytokine storm during COVID-19 can be managed by casein hydrolyzates, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase. Thrombus formation can be prevented by casoplatelins as these can inhibit human platelet aggregation. Milk vitamins (i.e., A, D, E, and B complexes) and minerals (i.e., Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Se) can have significantly positive effects on boosting the immunity and health status of individuals. In addition, certain vitamins and minerals can also act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antivirals. Thus, the overall effect of milk might be a result of synergistic antiviral effects and host immunomodulator activities from multiple components. Due to multiple overlapping functions of milk ingredients, they can play vital and synergistic roles in prevention as well as supportive agents during principle therapy of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandry AmritsarGovernment of PunjabAmritsarIndia
| | - Roberto Hernandez‐Rauda
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
| | - Oscar Peña‐Rodas
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
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25
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Qiu S, Zheng K, Hu Y, Liu G. Genetic correlation, causal relationship, and shared loci between vitamin D and COVID-19: A genome-wide cross-trait analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28780. [PMID: 37212302 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection, yet little is known about the shared genomic architectures between them. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we investigated the genetic correlation and causal relationship between genetically determined vitamin D and COVID-19 using linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, and conducted a cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis to identify the overlapping susceptibility loci of them. We observed a significant genetic correlation between genetically predicted vitamin D and COVID-19 (rg = -0.143, p = 0.011), and the risk of COVID-19 infection would decrease by 6% for every 0.76 nmol L-1 increase of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in generalized MR (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, p = 0.019). We identified rs4971066 (EFNA1) as a risk locus for the joint phenotype of vitamin D and COVID-19. In conclusion, genetically determined vitamin D is associated with COVID-19. Increased levels of serum 25OHD concentration may benefit the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Keyang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Tian WJ, Wang XJ. Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Derived from Natural Products. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051100. [PMID: 37243186 DOI: 10.3390/v15051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances have led to the development and production of numerous vaccines and antiviral drugs, but viruses, including re-emerging and emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, remain a major threat to human health. Many antiviral agents are rarely used in clinical treatment, however, because of their inefficacy and resistance. The toxicity of natural products may be lower, and some natural products have multiple targets, which means less resistance. Therefore, natural products may be an effective means to solve virus infection in the future. New techniques and ideas are currently being developed for the design and screening of antiviral drugs thanks to recent revelations about virus replication mechanisms and the advancement of molecular docking technology. This review will summarize recently discovered antiviral drugs, mechanisms of action, and screening and design strategies for novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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27
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Straface E, Jacobis ITD, Capriati T, Pretelli I, Grandin A, Mascolo C, Vona R, Gambardella L, Cittadini C, Villani A, Marchili MR. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders risk and symptoms: a retrospective study. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:50. [PMID: 37101237 PMCID: PMC10132438 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distancing and quarantine imposed by the authority during the COVID-19 pandemic caused restrictions, which had a negative impact on eating behavior, especially among adolescents. We proposed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders risk and symptoms. METHODS In this study, a group of 127 pediatric patients (117 females and 10 males) with eating disorders admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital of Rome (Italy), in the period between August 2019 and April 2021, was analyzed. All patient data were collected from patients' electronic medical records. RESULTS We found that 80.3% of patients were at the onset of eating disorders and that 26% of patients had familiarity for psychotic disorders. Often these patients had comorbidities and alterations in blood parameters such as leukocytopenia, neutropenia, hypovitaminosis and hormonal problems that could affect their future. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could provide a framework for developing clinical and educational interventions to mitigate the short- and long-term negative impact of the pandemic on adolescent future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Straface
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 299 - 00161, Italy.
| | - Isabella Tarissi De Jacobis
- Emergency Acceptance and General Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy.
| | - Teresa Capriati
- Gastroenterology and Nutritional Rehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Italo Pretelli
- Anorexia and Eating Disorder Unit, Child and Adolescent Psichiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grandin
- Emergency Acceptance and General Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Cristina Mascolo
- Pediatric Academic Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia 50, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Camilla Cittadini
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Emergency Acceptance and General Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Marchili
- Emergency Acceptance and General Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
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28
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Sharbatdar Y, Mousavian R, Noorbakhsh Varnosfaderani SM, Aziziyan F, Liaghat M, Baziyar P, Yousefi Rad A, Tavakol C, Moeini AM, Nabi-Afjadi M, Zalpoor H, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Diabetes as one of the long-term COVID-19 complications: from the potential reason of more diabetic patients' susceptibility to COVID-19 to the possible caution of future global diabetes tsunami. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1029-1052. [PMID: 37079169 PMCID: PMC10116486 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
According to recent researches, people with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) have a higher incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this regard, COVID-19 may make diabetic patients more sensitive to hyperglycemia by modifying the immunological and inflammatory responses and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) predisposing the patients to severe COVID-19 and potentially lethal results. Actually, in addition to COVID-19, diabetic patients have been demonstrated to have abnormally high levels of inflammatory cytokines, increased virus entrance, and decreased immune response. On the other hand, during the severe stage of COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have lymphopenia and inflammatory cytokine storms that cause damage to several body organs such as β cells of the pancreas which may make them as future diabetic candidates. In this line, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, which is activated by a number of mediators, plays a substantial part in cytokine storms through various pathways. In this pathway, some polymorphisms also make the individuals more competent to diabetes via infection with SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, during hospitalization of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, the use of some drugs may unintentionally lead to diabetes in the future via increasing inflammation and stress oxidative. Thus, in this review, we will first explain why diabetic patients are more susceptible to COVID-19. Second, we will warn about a future global diabetes tsunami via the SARS-CoV-2 as one of its long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Sharbatdar
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ronak Mousavian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Science Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Yousefi Rad
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Chanour Tavakol
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mansour Moeini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Equey A, Berger MM, Gonseth-Nusslé S, Augsburger M, Rezzi S, Hodgson ACC, Estoppey S, Pantaleo G, Pellaton C, Perrais M, Lenglet S, Rousson V, D'Acremont V, Bochud M. Association of plasma zinc levels with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA seropositivity in the general population: A case-control study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:972-986. [PMID: 37130500 PMCID: PMC10110932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some micronutrients have key roles in immune defence, including mucosal defence mechanisms and immunoglobulin production. Altered micronutrient status has been linked with COVID-19 infection and disease severity. We assessed the associations of selected circulating micronutrients with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA seropositivity in the Swiss community using early pandemic data. METHODS Case-control study comparing the first PCR-confirmed COVID-19 symptomatic cases in the Vaud Canton (May to June 2020, n = 199) and controls (random population sample, n = 447), seronegative for IgG and IgA. The replication analysis included seropositive (n = 134) and seronegative (n = 152) close contacts from confirmed COVID-19 cases. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA levels against the native trimeric spike protein were measured using the Luminex immunoassay. We measured plasma Zn, Se and Cu concentrations by ICP-MS, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) with LC-MS/MS and explored associations using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The 932 participants (54.1% women) were aged 48.6 ± 20.2 years (±SD), BMI 25.0 ± 4.7 kg/m2 with median C-Reactive Protein 1 mg/l. In logistic regressions, log2(Zn) plasma levels were negatively associated with IgG seropositivity (OR [95% CI]: 0.196 [0.0831; 0.465], P < 0.001; replication analyses: 0.294 [0.0893; 0.968], P < 0.05). Results were similar for IgA. We found no association of Cu, Se, and 25(OH)D3 with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgA seropositivity. CONCLUSION Low plasma Zn levels were associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA seropositivity in a Swiss population when the initial viral variant was circulating, and no vaccination available. These results suggest that adequate Zn status may play an important role in protecting the general population against SARS-CoV-2 infection. REGISTRY CORONA IMMUNITAS:: ISRCTN18181860.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Equey
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Semira Gonseth-Nusslé
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne - Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandrine Estoppey
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maïwenn Perrais
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne - Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne - Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Rousson
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Popovska Jovičić B, Raković I, Gavrilović J, Sekulić Marković S, Petrović S, Marković V, Pavković A, Čanović P, Radojević Marjanović R, Irić-Čupić V, Popović Dragonjić L, Milosavljević MZ. Vitamin D, Albumin, and D-Dimer as Significant Prognostic Markers in Early Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082825. [PMID: 37109161 PMCID: PMC10145116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a major challenge to scientists and clinicians. We examined the significance of the serum concentrations of vitamin D, albumin, and D-dimer for the severity of the clinical picture and mortality in COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 288 patients treated for COVID-19 infection participated in the research. The patients were treated in the period from May 2020 to January 2021. All patients were divided based on the need for oxygen therapy (Sat > 94%) into patients with mild or severe clinical pictures. The biochemical and radiographic parameters of the patients were analyzed. Appropriate statistical methods were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS In patients with COVID-19 with confirmed severe clinical pictures, lower values of serum albumin (p < 0.0005) and vitamin D (p = 0.004) were recorded, as opposed to elevated values of D-dimer (p < 0.0005). Accordingly, the patients with fatal disease outcomes had lower levels of albumin (p < 0.0005) and vitamin D (p = 0.002), while their D-dimer (p < 0.0005) levels were elevated. An increase in the radiographic score, as a parameter for assessing the severity of the clinical picture, was accompanied by a decrease in serum albumin (p < 0.0005) and a simultaneous increase in D-dimer (p < 0.0005), without a change in the vitamin D concentration (p = 0.261). We also demonstrated the interrelations of the serum levels of vitamin D, albumin, and D-dimer in patients with COVID-19 as well as their significance as predictors of the outcome of the disease. CONCLUSION The significance of the predictive parameters in our study indicates the existence of an important combined role of vitamin D, albumin, and D-dimer in the early diagnosis of the most severe patients suffering from COVID-19. Reduced values of vitamin D and albumin, in combination with elevated values of D-dimer, can be timely indicators of the development of a severe clinical picture and death due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Popovska Jovičić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Raković
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jagoda Gavrilović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sofija Sekulić Marković
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sara Petrović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladan Marković
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Radiological Diagnostics, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Pavković
- Department of Radiological Diagnostics, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Čanović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ružica Radojević Marjanović
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Violeta Irić-Čupić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lidija Popović Dragonjić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine in Nis, Cathedra for Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Miloš Z Milosavljević
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Monroe-Lord L, Harrison E, Ardakani A, Duan X, Spechler L, Jeffery TD, Jackson P. Changes in Food Consumption Trends among American Adults since the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071769. [PMID: 37049609 PMCID: PMC10096875 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and quantity of food consumption have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the consumption of different food groups in order to close the research gap by providing current evidence that reflects a later stage of the pandemic compared to other circulating research conducted at earlier stages. Data collection for this cross-sectional study was performed via an online Qualtrics survey from 10,050 adults aged 40-100 years. Nutritional status was measured using the 24-item short-form Dietary Screening Tool (DST) twice: before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. The DST questions were categorized based on MyPlate items, along with fat, sugar, and sweet items, as well as nutritional supplement intake. In addition, the total DST score was calculated for each participant, which categorized them into one of three groups: "at risk", "possible risk", and "not at risk". The results revealed that the consumption of grains, fruit, lean protein, and dairy decreased significantly, while the consumption of fat, sugar, and sweet items increased significantly due to COVID-19. The biggest decreases in consumption of food subcategories were related to whole grain bread and cereal, followed by fruit as a snack, in comparison with other types of grain and fruit. No changes in the consumption of vegetables, processed meat, or supplement intake were seen. The total DST score showed that, before and since COVID-19, the overall nutrition status of adult Americans has been at risk. In addition, of those participants who were not at risk before COVID-19, 28.5% were either at risk or at possible risk since COVID-19; moreover, of those participants who were at possible risk before COVID-19, 21% were at risk since COVID-19. As a good nutritional status can reduce the risk of severe illness or even mortality rate in times of crisis, the findings of this study can help policymakers and health educators to develop heath-protecting behavior sessions against future pandemics to manage crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillie Monroe-Lord
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | | | - Azam Ardakani
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Xuejling Duan
- Data Analytics, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Lily Spechler
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Tia D Jeffery
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Phronie Jackson
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Reino-Gelardo S, Palop-Cervera M, Aparisi-Valero N, Espinosa-San Miguel I, Lozano-Rodríguez N, Llop-Furquet G, Sanchis-Artero L, Cortés-Castell E, Rizo-Baeza M, Cortés-Rizo X. Effect of an Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Food Supplement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071736. [PMID: 37049576 PMCID: PMC10096722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 disease is a serious global health problem. Few treatments have been shown to reduce mortality and accelerate time to recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of a food supplement (probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D, zinc and selenium) in patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: A prospective randomized non-blinded clinical trial was conducted in a sample of 162 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 recruited over eight months. All patients received standard treatment, but the intervention group (n = 67) was given one food supplement stick daily during their admission. After collecting the study variables, a statistical analysis was performed comparing the intervention and control groups and a multivariate analysis controlling for variables that could act as confounding factors. Results: ROC curve analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.840 (p < 0.001; 95%CI: 0.741–0.939) of the food supplement administration vs. recovery indicated good predictive ability. Moreover, the intervention group had a shorter duration of digestive symptoms compared with the control group: 2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 4.3 ± 2.2 days (p = 0.001); patients with non-severe disease on chest X-ray had shorter hospital stays: 8.1 ± 3.9 vs. 11.6 ± 7.4 days (p = 0.007). Conclusions: In this trial, the administration of a food supplement (Gasteel Plus®) was shown to be a protective factor in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 and allowed early recovery from digestive symptoms and a shorter hospital stay in patients with a normal–mild–moderate chest X-ray at admission (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04666116).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nieves Aparisi-Valero
- Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Service, Hospital of Sagunto, 46520 Sagunto, Spain
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Llop-Furquet
- Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Service, Hospital of Sagunto, 46520 Sagunto, Spain
| | | | - Ernesto Cortés-Castell
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Cortés-Rizo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Sagunto, 46520 Sagunto, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46520 Valencia, Spain
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Karakousis ND, Gourgoulianis KI, Kotsiou OS. The Role of Folic Acid in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Intriguing Linkage under Investigation. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030561. [PMID: 36983742 PMCID: PMC10052526 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is a life-threatening RNA virus that may cause an acute respiratory syndrome associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates. Folic acid (FA), also known as folate, is an essential vitamin vital for human homeostasis, participating in many biochemical pathways, and its deficiency has been associated with viral infection vulnerability. In this review, we investigated the association between FA intake and SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with the existence of any potential impact of FA on the health outcome of patients suffering from this new viral infection. METHODS Studies included were patients' and in silico and molecular docking studies. RESULTS Data from in silico studies and molecular docking support that FA inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host and viral replication, binding at essential residues. Accordingly, in patients' studies, a protective role of FA supplementation against SARS-CoV-2 infection is indicated. However, contradictory data from observational studies indicate that FA supplementation, often linked to deficits during systemic inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2, increases the risk of post-infection mortality. CONCLUSIONS Future randomized controlled trial studies, including the FA pharmacological group, are needed to better understand the role of FA as a potential protective or mortality risk indicator in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos D Karakousis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania S Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Scarcella M, Scarpellini E, Piergallini S, Rinninella E, Routhiaux K, Rasetti C, Abenavoli L, De Robertis E, Manzi P, Commissari R, Monti R, Zanetti M. Effect of Immuno-Nutrition on Malnutrition, Inflammatory Response and Clinical Course of Semi-Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Perspective Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051250. [PMID: 36904249 PMCID: PMC10004815 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-COV 2 pandemic has hit on our lives since early 2020. During different contagion waves, both malnutrition and overweight significantly correlated with patient mortality. Immune-nutrition (IN) has shown promising results in the clinical course of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in both the rate of extubation and mortality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, we wanted to assess the effects of IN on a clinical course of patients admitted to a semi-intensive COVID-19 Unit during the fourth wave of contagion that occurred at the end of 2021. METHODS we prospectively enrolled patients admitted to the semi-intensive COVID-19 Unit of San Benedetto General hospital. All patients had a biochemical, anthropometric, high-resolution tomography chest scan (HRCT) and complete nutritional assessments at the time of admission, after oral administration of immune-nutrition (IN) formula, and at 15 days interval follow-up. RESULTS we enrolled 34 consecutive patients (age 70.3 ± 5.4 years, 6 F, BMI 27.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2). Main comorbidities were diabetes (20%, type 2 90 %), hyperuricemia (15%), hypertension (38%), chronic ischemic heart disease (8 %), COPD (8%), anxiety syndrome (5%), and depression (5%). 58% of patients were affected as moderately-to-severely overweight; mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score (4.8 ± 0.7) and phase angle (PA) values (3.8 ± 0.5) suggestive of malnutrition were present in 15% of patients, mainly with a history of cancer. After 15 days upon admission, we recorded 3 deaths (mean age 75.7 ± 5.1 years, BMI 26.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and 4 patients were admitted to the ICU. Following IN formula administration, inflammatory markers significantly decreased (p < 0.05) while BMI and PA did not worsen. These latter findings were not observed in a historical control group that did not receive IN. Only one patient needed protein-rich formula administration. CONCLUSIONS in this overweight COVID-19 population immune-nutrition prevented malnutrition development with a significant decrease of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Scarcella
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science—Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disease (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Sara Piergallini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
- School of Nursing, Politechnics University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Karen Routhiaux
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disease (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Carlo Rasetti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edoardo De Robertis
- Division of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care - Department of Medicine and Surgery-University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Manzi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Rita Commissari
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Terni, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Riccardo Monti
- Cardiologic and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria “Giuliano-Isontina”, Trieste University, 34148 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Morio KA, Sternowski RH, Brogden KA. Induction of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides to Prevent or Treat Oral Infection and Inflammation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020361. [PMID: 36830272 PMCID: PMC9952314 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are often used to treat oral infections. Unfortunately, excessive antibiotic use can adversely alter oral microbiomes and promote the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which can be difficult to treat. An alternate approach could be to induce the local transcription and expression of endogenous oral antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To assess the feasibility and benefits of this approach, we conducted literature searches to identify (i) the AMPs expressed in the oral cavity; (ii) the methods used to induce endogenous AMP expression; and (iii) the roles that expressed AMPs may have in regulating oral inflammation, immunity, healing, and pain. Search results identified human neutrophil peptides (HNP), human beta defensins (HBD), and cathelicidin AMP (CAMP) gene product LL-37 as prominent AMPs expressed by oral cells and tissues. HNP, HBD, and LL-37 expression can be induced by micronutrients (trace elements, elements, and vitamins), nutrients, macronutrients (mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, amino acids, pyropeptides, proteins, and fatty acids), proinflammatory agonists, thyroid hormones, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, red light, or near infrared radiation (NIR). Localized AMP expression can help reduce infection, inflammation, and pain and help oral tissues heal. The use of a specific inducer depends upon the overall objective. Inducing the expression of AMPs through beneficial foods would be suitable for long-term health protection. Additionally, the specialized metabolites or concentrated extracts that are utilized as dosage forms would maintain the oral and intestinal microbiome composition and control oral and intestinal infections. Inducing AMP expression using irradiation methodologies would be applicable to a specific oral treatment area in addition to controlling local infections while regulating inflammatory and healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim A. Brogden
- College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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Investigation of supplement products preferred by healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic process. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1175032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Various products are used to strengthen immunity in prevention and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the whole world, which has no cure yet, and the vaccine has just been used. This study was planned to learn about the supplements used by healthcare professionals. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to the physicians, nurses, technicians, secretaries, and staff working in the operating room, intensive care, ward, and outpatient clinic by e-mail, WhatsApp, or face-to-face interview method. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of being COVID-19-positive. The most used products were primarily Mg and vitamin D, and vitamin C, ginger, Zn, turmeric, green tea, vitamin complex, thyme, black elderberry (sambucus nigra), propolis, prebiotic/probiotic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), black cumin (niger sativa), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), selenium (Se), Coenzyme-Q10, cinnamon, glutathione (GSH) and quercetin respectively. No one had used alpha lipoic acid (ALA). The products that showed significant differences between the groups with and without COVID-19 were vitamin C, prebiotic/probiotic, propolis and ASA. Conclusıon: Since it is not asked when the product is used, although it is not possible to evaluate its effectiveness for preventive or therapeutic purposes, known to be natural, inexpensive, and easily accessible antiviral products may be preferred.
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Subclinical Vitamin C Plasma Levels Associated with Increased Risk of CAD Diagnosis via Inflammation: Results from the NHANES 2003-2006 Surveys. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030584. [PMID: 36771290 PMCID: PMC9921505 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C remains an important, yet frequently unassessed, component of a healthy immune system though it may prove useful in alleviating the chronic inflammatory processes underlying chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent research identified a sizeable proportion of the United States population with insufficient vitamin C plasma levels and significant associations to both acute and chronic inflammation. This cross-sectional study used the 2003-2006 NHANES surveys data to extrapolate associations between plasma vitamin C levels (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, inadequate, adequate, and saturating) and CAD through inflammation (C-reactive protein and red cell distribution width). Increased reports of CAD diagnosis were identified in participants with vitamin C deficiency (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.49-3.58) and inadequate plasma levels (OR: 1.39, CI: 1.03-1.87). No significant correlation was identified between any other plasma vitamin C quintiles and CAD. When inflammation was controlled, previous associations in the deficient level of plasma vitamin C were no longer significant in association with CAD and participants with inadequate plasma vitamin C showed a reduced association to CAD diagnoses (OR: 0.33, CI: 0.13-0.86). Most chronic inflammation and vitamin C plasma statuses do not demonstrate specific signs or symptoms until the deficient level of vitamin C and/or disease. Thus, increased surveillance of both, and healthy nutritional habits remain crucial modifiable risk factors for disease prevention.
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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Mouheb L, Rahman A, Agathos SN, Dahoumane SA. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences: Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36770385 PMCID: PMC9921003 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important dietary supplement and an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins with growth-modulating properties and cytotoxic mechanisms of action. However, different compounds of selenium usually possess a narrow nutritional or therapeutic window with a low degree of absorption and delicate safety margins, depending on the dose and the chemical form in which they are provided to the organism. Hence, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic platform with decreased toxicity and the capacity to enhance the biological properties of Se-based compounds. Consistent with the exciting possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, SeNPs are useful tools in current biomedical research with exceptional benefits as potential therapeutics, with enhanced bioavailability, improved targeting, and effectiveness against oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated disorders. In view of the need for developing eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple, and high-throughput biomedical agents that can also ally with theranostic purposes and exhibit negligible side effects, biogenic SeNPs are receiving special attention. The present manuscript aims to be a reference in its kind by providing the readership with a thorough and comprehensive review that emphasizes the current, yet expanding, possibilities offered by biogenic SeNPs in the biomedical field and the promise they hold among selenium-derived products to, eventually, elicit future developments. First, the present review recalls the physiological importance of selenium as an oligo-element and introduces the unique biological, physicochemical, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties of Se nanomaterials. Then, it addresses the significance of nanosizing on pharmacological activity (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) and cellular interactions of SeNPs. Importantly, it discusses in detail the role of biosynthesized SeNPs as innovative theranostic agents for personalized nanomedicine-based therapies. Finally, this review explores the role of biogenic SeNPs in the ongoing context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and presents key prospects in translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Lynda Mouheb
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Chimie Appliquée et de Génie Chimique, Hasnaoua I, Université Mouloud Mammeri, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, 211 Redbird Ln., Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18, Ave Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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Luís Oliveira Cunha M, de Mello Prado R. Synergy of Selenium and Silicon to Mitigate Abiotic Stresses: a Review. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023; 75:1-14. [PMID: 38625279 PMCID: PMC9838374 DOI: 10.1007/s10343-022-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
It is evident the increase in the occurrence of different stresses that impact agriculture and so there has been an increase in research to study stress mitigators including silicon (Si) and selenium (Se). However, the great challenge to be answered would be to assess whether it is possible to maximize these benefits by combining these two elements. Therefore, this review focused on discussing the feasibility of combining Se and Si in mitigating abiotic stresses and also measuring gains in yield and quality of agricultural products. These are the main challenges of plant mineral nutrition with these two elements for sustainable cultivation, ensuring food security with the possibility of improving human health. As the mode of application of an element can change absorption and assimilation processes and consequently the plant's response, it is important to consider research with supply of these elements via the foliar and root route. Thus, we highlighted the potential of the combined application of Se and Si and whether or not they are relevant to overcome the individual application in stress mitigation or even in plants without stress. In addition, we pointed out new directions for research on this topic in order to reinforce the combined use of stress relievers and their potential benefit to crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Luís Oliveira Cunha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
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40
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Golin A, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Farina M, da Rocha JBT. Relationship between selenium status, selenoproteins and COVID-19 and other inflammatory diseases: A critical review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127099. [PMID: 36372013 PMCID: PMC9630303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of selenium as a component of selenoproteins has been thought to modulate host immunity and viral pathogenesis. Accordingly, the association of low dietary selenium status with inflammatory and immunodeficiency has been reported in the literature; however, the causal role of selenium deficiency in chronic inflammatory diseases and viral infection is still undefined. The COVID-19, characterized by acute respiratory syndrome and caused by the novel coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions of individuals worldwide since late 2019. The severity and mortality from COVID-19 have been associated with several factor, including age, sex and selenium deficiency. However, available data on selenium status and COVID-19 are limited, and a possible causative role for selenium deficiency in COVID-19 severity has yet to be fully addressed. In this context, we review the relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, COVID-19, immune and inflammatory responses, viral infection, and aging. Regardless of the role of selenium in immune and inflammatory responses, we emphasize that selenium supplementation should be indicated after a selenium deficiency be detected, particularly, in view of the critical role played by selenoproteins in human health. In addition, the levels of selenium should be monitored after the start of supplementation and discontinued as soon as normal levels are reached. Periodic assessment of selenium levels after supplementation is a critical issue to avoid over production of toxic metabolites of selenide because under normal conditions, selenoproteins attain saturated expression levels that limits their potential deleterious metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieli Golin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Selenium intakes in the Irish adult population. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e35. [PMID: 37008414 PMCID: PMC10052560 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element which has an important role as a constituent of seleno-proteins involved in various physiological processes. Previous research in Irish adults suggests that intakes of this important nutrient are suboptimal. The aim of the present study was to estimate the current intakes and major food sources of Se by Irish adults. Mean daily intakes (MDIs) of Se were calculated using data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey which involved 1500 Irish adults aged 18–90 years. The Se content of foods and drinks consumed over a 4-d period was determined using data from the Irish Total Diet Study (TDS). Adequacy of Se intakes was assessed by calculating the proportion of the population with intakes below the adequate intake (AI) of 70 μg/d and lower reference nutrient intake of 40 μg/d (LRNI). The MDI of Se in the total population was 71⋅7 μg/d, with significantly higher intakes reported in men (80⋅2 μg/d) compared with women (63⋅4 μg/d, P < 0⋅01). Meat and meat products were the major contributing food group to Se intakes for both men (37 %) and women (31 %). Overall, 47 % of the population were not meeting the recommended AI, while 4 % of the total population were not meeting the LRNI. Although the average intake of Se is above the AI, a significant proportion of the population is not meeting this recommendation and continued monitoring of Se intakes is necessary, particularly by at-risk groups and also in the context of sustainability.
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Dhawan M, Priyanka, Choudhary OP. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2025734. [PMID: 35072581 PMCID: PMC8993102 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused severe financial, clinical, and sociological consequences besides posing a burden on healthcare. Many nutritional approaches have been employed to manage the deleterious consequences of COVID-19. Among the several micronutrients, vitamin D deprivation has been linked to an increased likelihood of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D has been reported to be a critical regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, which is used by the SARS-CoV-2 to access the host cell. Vitamin D also modulates the multiple immune system mechanisms to contain the virus, including the curtailment of the viral entry into the host cell. The adequate levels of vitamin D in the host have been associated with the reduced release of proinflammatory cytokines, thus lowering the risk of a cytokine storm; increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced secretion of natural antimicrobial peptides. It may also be involved in the enhancement of the Th2 immune response and activation of defensive cells such as macrophages. Contrary to these findings, several studies have concluded that there is no direct association between vitamin D concentrations and poor prognosis of the disease. Hence, this paper aims to decipher the immunoregulatory properties of vitamin D and its possible involvement in management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Priyanka
- Independent Researcher, 07, Type Iv Quarter, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, India
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43
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Garbo S, Di Giacomo S, Łażewska D, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Di Sotto A, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Battistelli C. Selenium-Containing Agents Acting on Cancer-A New Hope? Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010104. [PMID: 36678733 PMCID: PMC9860877 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-containing agents are more and more considered as an innovative potential treatment option for cancer. Light is shed not only on the considerable advancements made in understanding the complex biology and chemistry related to selenium-containing small molecules but also on Se-nanoparticles. Numerous Se-containing agents have been widely investigated in recent years in cancer therapy in relation to tumour development and dissemination, drug delivery, multidrug resistance (MDR) and immune system-related (anti)cancer effects. Despite numerous efforts, Se-agents apart from selenocysteine and selenomethionine have not yet reached clinical trials for cancer therapy. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise critical overview of the current state of the art in the development of highly potent target-specific Se-containing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Garbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
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Karuniawati A, Syam AF, Achmadsyah A, Ibrahim F, Rosa Y, Sudarmono P, Fadilah F, Rasmin M. Case series in Indonesia: B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection after a second dose of vaccine. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:13216-13226. [PMID: 36683635 PMCID: PMC9851004 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in Maharashtra in late 2020 and has rapidly expanded across India and worldwide. It took only 2 mo for this variant to spread in Indonesia, making the country the new epicenter of the delta variant as of July 2021. Despite efforts made by accelerating massive rollouts of current vaccines to protect against infection, cases of fully-vaccinated people infected with the delta variant have been reported.
AIM To describe the demographic statistics and clinical presentation of the delta variant infection after the second dose of vaccine in Indonesia.
METHODS A retrospective, single-centre case series of the general consecutive population that worked or studied at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia with confirmed Delta Variant Infection after a second dose of vaccine from 24 June and 25 June 2021. Cases were collected retrospectively based on a combination of author recall, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and whole genome sequencing results from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.
RESULTS Between 24 June and 25 June 2021, 15 subjects were confirmed with the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant infection after a second dose of the vaccine. Fourteen subjects were vaccinated with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and one subject with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca). All of the subjects remained in home isolation, with fever being the most common symptom at the onset of illness (n = 10, 66.67%). The mean duration of symptoms was 7.73 d (± 5.444). The mean time that elapsed from the first positive swab to a negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was 17.93 d (± 6.3464). The median time that elapsed from the second dose of vaccine to the first positive swab was 87 d (interquartile range: 86-128).
CONCLUSION Although this case shows that after two doses of vaccine, subjects are still susceptible to the delta variant infection, currently available vaccines remain the most effective protection. They reduce clinical manifestations of COVID-19, decrease recovery time from the first positive swab to negative swab, and lower the probability of hospitalization and mortality rate compared to unvaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Karuniawati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Ari F Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta PUsat 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Armand Achmadsyah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universits Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Fera Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Rosa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Pratiwi Sudarmono
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia , Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
| | - Menaldi Rasmin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat 10430, DKI Jaya, Indonesia
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45
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Nutritional recommendations for asymptomatic patients with novel coronavirus. Asian J Surg 2022; 46:2235-2236. [PMID: 36517399 PMCID: PMC9722671 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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46
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Melikoglu M, Sahin M, Alkan Melikoglu M. Vitamin D in Behcet's Disease, a Brief Review of the Literature. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:29-33. [PMID: 36655442 PMCID: PMC11163353 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease is a chronic vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis. Serum vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases one of which is Behcet's disease. The previous studies about vitamin D in Behcet's disease seem to be focused on 4 main categories; the studies evaluating serum vitamin D levels between patients with Behcet's disease and controls, the studies evaluating serum vitamin D in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Behcet's disease, the studies evaluating serum vitamin D in clinical involvements and activity of Behcet's disease, and the studies evaluating the effect of serum vitamin D replacement in Behcet's disease. The aim of this manuscript was to evaluate the results of the studies on serum vitamin D in Behcet's disease and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Melikoglu
- Ataturk University School of Medicine, Dermatology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mestan Sahin
- Department of Rheumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meltem Alkan Melikoglu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erzurum, Turkey
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Sharif N, Opu RR, Khan A, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alzahrani FM, Haque N, Khan S, Soumik ST, Zhang M, Huang H, Song X, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235029. [PMID: 36501059 PMCID: PMC9737649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and zinc (zinc sulfate monohydrate) supplements are important in immunity against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association of vitamins and supplements with the reduced risks of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to evaluate the association of vitamins and supplements as treatment options to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Data were collected from 962 participants from 13 December 2020 to 4 February 2021. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The Chi-square test and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. The ratio of uptake of vitamin C:vitamin D:zinc was 1:1:0.95. Uptake of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc were significantly associated with the reduced risk of infection and severity of COVID-19 (OR: 0.006 (95% CI: 0.03-0.11) (p = 0.004)) and (OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.22) (p = 0.005)). The tendency of taking supplements was associated with the presence of infection of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.02), sex (p = 0.05) and residence (p = 0.04). The duration of supplementation and medication was significantly associated with reduced hospitalization (p = 0.0001). Vitamins C, D and zinc were not significantly (p = 0.9) associated with a reduced risk of severity when taken through the diet. Hospitalization (p = 0.000001) and access to health facilities (p = 0.0097) were significantly associated with the survival period of the participants. Participants with better access to health facilities recovered early (OR: 6.21, 95% CI 1.56-24.7). This study will add knowledge in the field of treatment of COVID-19 by using vitamins and zinc supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rubayet Rayhan Opu
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaira Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +880-1759588088
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Zafirovic S, Macvanin M, Stanimirovic J, Obradovic M, Radovanovic J, Melih I, Isenovic E. Association Between Telomere Length and Cardiovascular Risk: Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Telomeres and Telomerase Activity. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:465-474. [PMID: 35986545 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220819164240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres represent the ends of chromosomes, and they are composed of an extensive number of - TTAGGG nucleotide sequence repeats in humans. Telomeres prevent chromosome degradation, participate in stabilization, and regulate the DNA repair system. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as important processes causing cardiovascular disease and accelerating telomere shortening rate. This review investigates the link between telomere length and pathological vascular conditions from experimental and human studies. Also, we discuss pharmacological treatments affecting telomeres and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Melih
- Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Esma Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Alshammari MK, Fatima W, Alraya RA, Khuzaim Alzahrani A, Kamal M, Alshammari RS, Alshammari SA, Alharbi LM, Alsubaie NS, Alosaimi RB, Asdaq SMB, Imran M. Selenium and COVID-19: A spotlight on the clinical trials, inventive compositions, and patent literature. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1225-1233. [PMID: 36265330 PMCID: PMC9529344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an indispensable trace element for all living organisms. It is an essential structural component of several selenium-dependent enzymes, which support the human body's defense mechanism. Recently, the significance of selenium in preventing/treating COVID-19 has been documented in the literature. This review highlights the clinical studies, compositions, and patent literature on selenium to prevent/treat COVID-19. Selenium exerts its anti-COVID-19 action by reducing oxidative stress, declining the expression of the ACE-2 receptor, lowering the discharge of pro-inflammatory substances, and inhibiting the 3CLPro (main protease) and PLpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. The data of clinical studies, inventive compositions, and patent literature revealed that selenium monotherapy and its compositions with other nutritional supplements/drugs (vitamin, iron, zinc, copper, ferulic acid, resveratrol, spirulina, N-acetylcysteine, fish oil, many herbs, doxycycline, azithromycin, curcumin, quercetin, etc.,) might be practical to prevent/treat COVID-19. The studies have also suggested a correlation between COVID-19 and selenium deficiency. This indicates that adequate selenium supplementation may provide promising treatment outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The authors foresee the development and commercialization of Selenium-based compositions and dosage forms (spray, inhalers, control release dosage forms, etc.) to battle COVID-19. We also trust that numerous selenium-based compositions are yet to be explored. Accordingly, there is good scope for scientists to work on developing novel and inventive selenium-based compositions to fight against COVID-19. However, there is also a need to consider the narrow therapeutic window and chemical interaction of selenium before developing selenium-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Fatima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Ahmed Alraya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, First Health Cluster in Eastern Province, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Khuzaim Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Saud Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Maternity and Children Hospital, Rafha 76321, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Ayad Alshammari
- Al-Dawaa Medical Services Company (DMSCO), Eastern Province, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Norah Saad Alsubaie
- Sales Department, SPIMACO Addwaeih, Eastern Region Office, Al-Hofuf 9449, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
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Festa J, Singh H, Hussain A, Da Boit M. Elderberries as a potential supplement to improve vascular function in a SARS-CoV-2 environment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14091. [PMID: 35118699 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although recent studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 possibly does not directly infect endothelial cells (EC), the endothelium may be affected as a secondary response due to the damage of neighboring cells, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or other mechanisms. Long-term COVID-19 symptoms specifically nonrespiratory symptoms are due to the persistence of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Based on the literature, anthocyanins a major subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols found in berries, have been well researched for their vascular protective properties as well as the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths. Elderberries have been previously used as a natural remedy for treating influenza, cold, and consequently cardiovascular health due to a high content of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) a major anthocyanin found in the human diet. The literature reported many studies demonstrating that EE has both antiviral and vascular protective properties that should be further investigated as a nutritional component used against the (in)direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 in vascular function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: While previous work among the literature looks promising and builds a suggestion for investigating elderberry extract (EE) against COVID-19, further in vitro and in vivo research is required to fully evaluate EE mechanisms of action and its use as a supplement to aid current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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