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Hu J, Wang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li K, Huang F. Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:827-841. [PMID: 38765795 PMCID: PMC11102744 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s455736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cruz C, Prado CM, Gillis C, Martindale R, Bémeur C, Lai JC, Tandon P. Nutritional aspects of prehabilitation in adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00825. [PMID: 38546288 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition, sarcopenia (low muscle mass), and physical frailty have gained increasing recognition in candidates for liver transplant (LT) as these conditions can impact postoperative functional capacity. Multidimensional prehabilitation programs have been proposed as a safe intervention in adults awaiting LT but the nutritional pillar of prehabilitation has been understudied. This review summarizes the nutritional recommendations for prehabilitation for individuals with cirrhosis awaiting LT. Three major aspects of nutritional prehabilitation are discussed: (1) Assess: Evaluate nutritional status and assess for malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty to guide the nutritional prehabilitation intervention intensity, increasing across universal, targeted, and specialist levels; (2) Intervene: Prescribe a nutritional prehabilitation intervention to meet established nutrition guidelines in cirrhosis with a targeted focus on improving nutritional status and muscle health; (3) Reassess: Follow-up based on the required intensity of nutritional care with as needed intervention adjustment. Topics covered in the review include nutritional care levels for prehabilitation, energy prescriptions across body mass index strata, detailed considerations around protein intake (amount, distribution, and quality), carbohydrate and fat intake, other nutritional considerations, and the potential role of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Future research is warranted to more accurately evaluate energy needs, evaluate emerging dietary supplementation strategies, and establish the role of nutraceuticals alongside food-based interventions. While the general principles of nutritional prehabilitation are ready for immediate application, future large-scale randomized controlled trials in this space will help to quantify the benefit that can be gained by transitioning the LT approach from passive "transplant waitlist time" to active "transplant preparation time."
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsia Gillis
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chantal Bémeur
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Liao CD, Huang SW, Chen HC, Huang MH, Liou TH, Lin CL. Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38612975 PMCID: PMC11013298 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals undergoing RT. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of protein supplement plus RT in untrained community-dwelling adults, hospitalized, or institutionalized residents who suffered acute or chronic health conditions. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist method for all analyses. Treatment effects for main outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the surface-under-the cumulative-ranking (SUCRA) scores to rank probabilities of effect estimation among all identified treatments. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any relevant moderator of the treatment efficacy and results were expressed as β with 95% credible interval (CrI). We finally included 78 RCTs (5272 participants) for analyses. Among the six protein sources identified in this NMA, namely whey, milk, casein, meat, soy, and peanut, whey supplement yielded the most effective treatments augmenting efficacy of RT on muscle mass (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.62; SUCRA = 0.86), handgrip strength (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.00; SUCRA = 0.85), and walking speed (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.07; SUCRA = 0.84). Participant's health condition, sex, and supplementation dose were significant factors moderating the treatment efficacy on muscle mass (β = 0.74; 95% CrI: 0.22, 1.25), handgrip strength (β = -1.72; 95% CrI: -2.68, -0.77), and leg strength (β = 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.06, 1.47), respectively. Our findings suggest whey protein yields the optimal supplements to counter sarcopenia in older individuals undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA;
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Che-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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Liao X, Cheng D, Li J, Zhu L, Zhang S, Jing X, Shi L. Effects of oral oligopeptide preparation and exercise intervention in older people with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 38500043 PMCID: PMC10946144 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition and exercise are important interventions for sarcopenia. There were few studies on oral oligopeptide nutrition preparations combined with exercise to intervene in the older people with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of oligopeptide nutrition preparation combined with exercise intervention on the older people with sarcopenia in community. METHODS A total of 219 subjects aged 65 years or older with sarcopenia were randomly divided into 4 groups. The nutrition group (n = 58) was given individualized nutrition education and oral oligopeptide nutrition preparation. The exercise group (n = 50) received exercise intervention. The combined group (n = 52) received both oral nutrition preparation and exercise interventions. The control group (n = 59) only received individualized nutrition education. The nutrition preparation can provide energy 185kcal and protein 24.2g per day. The exercise intervention including warm-up exercise, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, the training time was 60min for 5 times every week. The intervention lasted for 16 weeks. Hand grip strength, gait speed, body composition and hematology parameters were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS A total of 159 subjects completed the study. Compared with baseline, the left grip strength and 6-m walking speed of the subjects in nutrition group increased significantly after the intervention, and the grip strength of both hands in exercise group and combined group increased significantly. The body weight of the subjects in nutrition group, exercise group and combined group increased significantly after intervention, but no increase in soft lean mass (SLM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was observed in any of the four groups. The fat-free mass (FFM) of the legs of the control group, exercise group and nutrition group decreased after intervention, and only the FFM of the legs of the combined group maintained the level before the intervention. CONCLUSION Both oral peptide nutrition and exercise interventions can improve the muscle strength or function of the older people with sarcopenia. However, there were no increases in muscle mass observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100052135. Registered 20 October 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=135743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daomei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Zhengxing Community Health Service Center of Tianfu New District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suqiong Zhang
- Shibantan Community Health Service Center of Xindu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofan Jing
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Hawley AL, Baum JI. Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:389-406. [PMID: 37319363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Ardisson Korat AV, Shea MK, Jacques PF, Sebastiani P, Wang M, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Sun Q. Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging - results from the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:271-282. [PMID: 38309825 PMCID: PMC10884611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the health status of older adults. However, few epidemiologic studies examined midlife protein intake in relation to healthy aging. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term role of dietary protein intake in healthy aging among female participants in the prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort. METHODS We included 48,762 NHS participants aged <60 y in 1984. Total protein, animal protein, dairy protein (a subset of animal protein), and plant protein were derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. Healthy aging was defined as being free from 11 major chronic diseases, having good mental health, and not having impairments in either cognitive or physical function, as assessed in the 2014 or 2016 NHS participant questionnaires. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle, demographics, and health status to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for protein intake in relation to healthy aging. RESULTS A total of 3721 (7.6%) NHS participants met our healthy aging definition. Protein intake was significantly associated with higher odds of healthy aging. The ORs (95% confidence intervals) per 3%-energy increment with healthy aging were 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) for total protein, 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) for animal protein, 1.14 (1.06, 1.23) for dairy protein, and 1.38 (1.24, 1.54) for plant protein. Plant protein was also associated with higher odds of absence of physical function limitations and good mental status. In substitution analyses, we observed significant positive associations for the isocaloric replacement of animal or dairy protein, carbohydrate, or fat with plant protein (ORs for healthy aging: 1.22-1.58 for 3% energy replacement with plant protein). CONCLUSIONS Dietary protein intake, especially plant protein, in midlife, is associated with higher odds of healthy aging and with several domains of positive health status in a large cohort of female nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres V Ardisson Korat
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - M Kyla Shea
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul F Jacques
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Basak S, Hridayanka KSN, Duttaroy AK. Bioactives and their roles in bone metabolism of osteoarthritis: evidence and mechanisms on gut-bone axis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1323233. [PMID: 38235147 PMCID: PMC10792057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactives significantly modify and maintain human health. Available data suggest that Bioactives might play a beneficial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Although promised, defining their mechanisms and opting to weigh their benefits and limitations is imperative. Detailed mechanisms by which critical Bioactives, including probiotics and prebiotics such as dietary lipids (DHA, EPA, alpha LA), vitamin D, polysaccharides (fructooligosaccharide), polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, and capsaicin) potentially modulate inflammation and bone metabolism is limited. Certain dietary bioactive significantly impact the gut microbiota, immune system, and pain response via the gut-immune-bone axis. This narrative review highlights a recent update on mechanistic evidence that bioactive is demonstrated demonstrated to reduce osteoarthritis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kota Sri Naga Hridayanka
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jia G, Wu CC, Su CH. Association between dietary antioxidant and fatty acids and low muscle mass in obese and non-obese community-dwelling older adults: An NHANES analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36517. [PMID: 38115288 PMCID: PMC10727605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia increases disability, hospital stays, readmissions, and mortality in older adults. Antioxidative nutrients and fatty acids consumption may help maintain muscle mass by reducing oxidative stress. This study aims to assess the association between antioxidant and fatty acid intake and low muscle mass in community-dwelling older people. This retrospective analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Participants ≥ 60 years with information on muscle mass measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were included. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was assessed. Associations between antioxidants and fatty acids intake, and low muscle mass were evaluated using logistic regressions. 3648 (1748 men and 1900 women) were included. The prevalence of low muscle mass was 41% and 26% among men and women ≥ 75 years, and 45.2% and 28.4% among obese men and women. In obese males, a natural-log-unit increase of vitamin A (aOR = 0.806, 95% CI: 0.652-0.996), vitamin C (aOR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.779-0.990), selenium intake (aOR = 0.716, 95% CI: 0.517-0.993), and higher saturated fatty acids (aOR = 0.956, 95% CI: 0.915-0.998) and monounsaturated fatty acids (aOR = 0.959, 95% CI: 0.925-0.994) intake were associated with decreased odds for low muscle mass. Among obese females, a natural-log-unit increase of vitamin E (P = .036), vitamin B12 (P = .014), total folate (P = .015), zinc (P = .005), and selenium intake (P = .018) were associated with increased odds of low muscle mass, whereas higher saturated fatty acids (P < .001), monounsaturated fatty acids (P = .001), and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (P = .006) were associated with decreased odds for low muscle mass. Antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, B6, B12, total folate, zinc, magnesium, selenium) intake does not consistently relate to low muscle mass across age and sex. Higher intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are independently associated with reduced likelihood of low muscle mass in both obese older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guhua Jia
- Department of Sports Teaching, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chieh-Chen Wu
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Konglevoll DM, Andersen LF, Hopstock LA, Strand BH, Thoresen M, Totland TH, Hjartåker A, Carlsen MH. Fish intake and pre-frailty in Norwegian older adults - a prospective cohort study: the Tromsø Study 1994-2016. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37407948 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-frailty is an intermediate, potentially reversible state before the onset of frailty. Healthy dietary choices may prevent pre-frailty. Fish is included in most healthy diets, but little is known about the association between long-term habitual fish intake and pre-frailty. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal association between the frequency of fish intake and pre-frailty in a cohort of older adults in Norway. METHODS 4350 participants (52% women, ≥65 years at follow-up) were included in this prospective cohort study. Data was obtained from three waves of the population-based Tromsø Study in Norway; Tromsø4 (1994-1995), Tromsø6 (2007-2008) and Tromsø7 (follow-up, 2015-2016). Frailty status at follow-up was defined by a modified version of Fried's phenotype. Fish intake was self-reported in the three surveys and assessed as three levels of frequency of intake: low (0-3 times/month), medium (1-3 times/week) and high (≥ 4 times/week). The fish-pre-frailty association was analysed using multivariable logistic regression in two ways; (1) frequency of intake of lean, fatty and total fish in Tromsø6 and pre-frailty at follow-up, and (2) patterns of total fish intake across the three surveys and pre-frailty at follow-up. RESULTS At follow-up, 28% (n = 1124) were pre-frail. Participants with a higher frequency of lean, fatty and total fish intake had 28% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53, 0.97), 37% (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.91) and 31% (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.91) lower odds of pre-frailty 8 years later compared with those with a low intake, respectively. A pattern of stable high fish intake over 21 years was associated with 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.91) lower odds of pre-frailty compared with a stable low intake. CONCLUSIONS A higher frequency of intake of lean, fatty and total fish, and a pattern of consistent frequent fish intake over time, were associated with lower odds of pre-frailty in older community-dwelling Norwegian adults. These results emphasise the important role of fish in a healthy diet and that a frequent fish intake should be promoted to facilitate healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Moxness Konglevoll
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torunn Holm Totland
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hauger Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Banach M, Wittczak A, Cicero AF, Kallel A, Kubilius R, Mikhailidis DP, Sahebkar A, Pantea Stoian A, Vinereanu D, Penson PE, von Haehling S. The role of nutraceuticals in heart failure muscle wasting as a result of inflammatory activity. The International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) Position Paper. Arch Med Sci 2023; 19:841-864. [PMID: 37560745 PMCID: PMC10408027 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/167799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is one of the main causes for exercise intolerance and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival. The prevalence of sarcopenia is at least 20% in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure often have subclinical systemic inflammation, which may exert sustained effects on skeletal muscle. Besides exercise, nutrition should also be carefully evaluated as an appropriate diet with selected nutraceuticals may be able to stimulate muscle anabolism and inhibit muscle catabolism. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence supporting the recommendations for the use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties in heart failure and provides an overview of the state of the evidence for nutraceutical supplementation to prevent and/or mitigate heart failure muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wittczak
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amani Kallel
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raimondas Kubilius
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, UCL, London, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter E. Penson
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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12
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Eglseer D, Traxler M, Embacher S, Reiter L, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJ, Voortman T, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft A, Bauer S. Nutrition and exercise interventions to improve body composition for persons with overweight or obesity near retirement age: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:516-538. [PMID: 37028708 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retirement phase is an opportunity to integrate healthy (nutrition/exercise) habits into daily life. We conducted this systematic review to assess which nutrition and exercise interventions most effectively improve body composition (fat/muscle mass), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in persons with obesity/overweight near retirement age (ages 55-70). We conducted a systematic review and network-meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials, searching four databases from their inception up to 12 July 2022. The NMA was based on a random effects model, pooled mean differences, standardised mean differences, their 95% confidence intervals, and correlations with multi-arm studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. 92 studies were included, 66 of which with 4957 participants could be used for the NMA. Identified interventions were clustered into 12 groups: no intervention, energy restriction (i.e. 500-1000 kcal), energy restriction plus high protein (HP) intake (1.1-1.7 g/kg/body weight), intermittent fasting, mixed exercise (aerobic and resistance), resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), HP plus RT, energy restriction plus HP plus exercise, energy restriction plus RT, energy restriction plus AT, and energy restriction plus mixed exercise (ME). Intervention durations ranged from 8 weeks to 6 months. Body fat was reduced with energy restriction plus any exercise or plus HP intake. Energy restriction alone was less effective and tended to decrease muscle mass. Muscle mass was only significantly increased with ME. All other interventions including exercise effectively preserved muscle mass. A BMI and/or WC decrease was achieved with all interventions except AT/RT alone or RT plus HP. Overall, the most effective strategy for nearly all outcomes was combining energy restriction with RT or ME and HP. Healthcare professionals involved in the management of persons with obesity need to be aware that an energy-restricted diet alone may contribute to sarcopenic obesity in persons near retirement age. This network meta-analysis is registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/as CRD42021276465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mariella Traxler
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Embacher
- Medical University of Graz, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz.
| | - Lea Reiter
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Jm Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 176700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Spain, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, 28034 Madrid.
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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13
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Vega-Cabello V, Caballero FF, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E, Struijk EA. Leucine Intake and Risk of Impaired Physical Function and Frailty in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:241-249. [PMID: 36107140 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine is suggested to play a central role in age-related physical decline, but the effect of dietary leucine intake on physical functioning is uncertain. We examined the prospective association between dietary leucine intake and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) and frailty in older adults. METHODS We used data from 2 956 adults aged ≥60 and older from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. At baseline (2008-2010) and in 2012, dietary information was obtained with a validated computerized face-to-face diet history, from which energy-adjusted cumulative leucine intake per body weight was calculated. Participants were followed up through 2017 to assess incident ILEF, ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and incident frailty, according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with Cox models adjusted for the main potential confounders. RESULTS During follow-up, we identified 515 incident cases of ILEF and 241 of frailty. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of leucine intake (35.5-89.0 mg/kg/d), those in the highest tertile (107.4-372.5 mg/kg/d) had a lower risk of ILEF (fully adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.70 [0.53-0.93], p trend: .01) and of frailty (0.63 [0.41-0.96], p trend: .03]. A higher consumption of important sources of leucine in this population, including unprocessed beef, oily and white fish, and bread, were also associated with a lower risk of incident ILEF and frailty. CONCLUSIONS Higher leucine intake was associated with reduced risk of ILEF and frailty. Dietary leucine, obtained from foods rich in high-quality protein, could be a key nutrient to prevent age-related physical function decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vega-Cabello
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Felix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Hizni A, Samuel S, Sholichin S. Product Development of Rehydration Milk Drinks for Athletes after Exercise (Organoleptic Assessment and Nutritional Content). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lack of drinking causes dehydration. Dehydration conditions affect the muscle performance, muscle endurance, and muscle strength of athletes.
AIM: The aim of the study was to study the organoleptic assessment of rehydration milk drink for athletes after exercise.
METHODS: This was an experimental research design using completely randomized design. The beverage formulation consists of an avocado rehydration milk drink (ARMD), a guava rehydration milk drink (GRMD), and a guava and ARMD (GARMD). The organoleptic evaluation was carried out by athletes with a preference scale (hedonic) from 1 (very dislike) to 10 (very like) for color, odor, taste, texture, and overall.
RESULTS: The organoleptic assessment of all parameters showed no differences between the variants of each treatment (p > 0.05). The highest mean values for all organoleptic parameters for each treatment were ARMD1 (mean value 7.16), GRMD1 (mean value 8.03), and GARMD1 (mean value 6.86). The overall mean value is determined to be the best product of each treatment. Of the three treatments, GRMD1 had a better overall organoleptic mean score compared to ARMD1 and GARMD1. The nutritional content of GRMD1/100 g contains energy of 67.69 kcal, 8.04% carbohydrates, 2.65% protein, 2.77% fat, 15.45 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, 7.99 mg Vitamin C, and 13.85% sugar.
CONCLUSION: The overall organoleptic assessment of parameters showed no differences between the variants of each treatment. GRMD1 with the highest overall organoleptic score (8.03) contains energy of 67.69 kcal, 8.04% carbohydrates, 2.65% protein, 2.77% fat, 15.45 mg omega-3 fatty acids, 7.99 mg of Vitamin C, and 13.85% sugar per 100 g.
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15
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Tanikawa C, Kurata M, Tanizaki N, Takeuchi M, Zere E, Fukuo K, Takada K. Influence of the nutritional status on facial morphology in young Japanese women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18557. [PMID: 36329131 PMCID: PMC9633753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence regarding the possible influence of nutritional status on the facial morphology has thus far been insufficient. We examined whether or not the physical body compositions and dietary behaviors were correlated with any morphological characteristics of the face. One hundred and fifteen young Japanese women participated. Variables representing the dietary behaviors were extracted from self-reported survey data, and corresponding three-dimensional (3D) facial images and body compositions were examined. Multivariate analyses identified significant relationships between the nutritional status and facial topography (p < 0.05). The clustering method revealed the existence of three dietary condition patterns ("balanced diet", "high-calorie-diet" with obesity tendency, and "imbalanced low-calorie-diet" with sarcopenic obesity tendency). Among these three patterns, a round face (increased facial width; analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0.05) was observed in the high-calorie-diet pattern, while the imbalanced low-calorie-diet pattern showed a more masculine face (increased face height, decreased eye height, increased non-allometric sexual shape differences; ANOVA, p < 0.05), thus suggesting the possibility of sex-hormonal influences. In summary, the body composition and dietary behaviors were found to influence the facial morphology, and potential biological influences were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanikawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Noriko Tanizaki
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Edlira Zere
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- grid.260338.c0000 0004 0372 6210Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Barrile GC, Battaglia S, Cavioni A, Giusti R, Mansueto F, Moroni A, Nannipieri F, Patelli Z, Razza C, Tartara A, Perna S. Effectiveness of a Novel Food Composed of Leucine, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 for the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Elderly Subjects: A 2-Month Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214566. [PMID: 36364828 PMCID: PMC9656258 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex process characterized by a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength. Various nutrients have been shown to be effective in supporting muscular performance. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-month administration of food for special medical purposes composed of omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg), leucine (2.5 g), and probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23), on appendicular lean mass (ALM), muscle performance, inflammatory status, and amino acid profile in sarcopenic patients. A total of 60 participants (aged 79.7 ± 4.8 years and a body mass index of 22.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were enrolled and randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 22) or placebo group (n = 28). Comparing the differences in effects between groups (intervention minus placebo effects), ALM increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05), with no discernible change in the placebo group. Similarly, significant differences were also observed for the Tinetti scale (+2.39 points, p < 0.05), the SPPB total score (+2.22 points, p < 0.05), and the handgrip strength (4.09 kg, p < 0.05). Visceral adipose tissue significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo group at 60 days −0.69 g (95% CI: −1.09, 0.29) vs. 0.27 g (95% CI: −0.11, 0.65), groups difference −0.96 (95% CI: −1.52, 0.39, p = 0.001). A statistically significant increase in levels of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and total amino acid profiles was observed in the intervention group compared with the placebo group at 60 days (p = 0.001). When taken together, these beneficial effects may be attributed to the innovative composition of this special medical-purpose food which could be considered for the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-038-238-1739
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Razza
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
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17
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Orkaby AR, Dushkes R, Ward R, Djousse L, Buring JE, Lee IM, Cook NR, LeBoff MS, Okereke OI, Copeland T, Manson JE. Effect of Vitamin D3 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Risk of Frailty: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2231206. [PMID: 36098968 PMCID: PMC9471979 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preventive strategies for frailty are needed. Whether supplements with anti-inflammatory properties, such as vitamin D3 or marine omega-3 fatty acids, are useful for frailty prevention is unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the effects of vitamin D3 and omega-3 supplements on change in frailty in older individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted in 2021, as a prespecified ancillary to the Vitamin D and Omega-3 (VITAL) trial, a 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial. A total of 25 871 individuals (men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥55 years), without cancer or cardiovascular disease and with data on frailty, were recruited across all 50 US states from November 2011 to March 2014 and followed up through December 31, 2017. Data analysis for the ancillary study was conducted from December 1, 2019, to March 30, 2022. INTERVENTIONS Vitamin D3, 2000 IU/d, and marine omega-3 fatty acids, 1 g/d. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Frailty was measured using a validated 36-item frailty index that includes measures of function, cognition, mood, and comorbidities from annual questionnaires. Change in frailty score from baseline to year 5, according to randomization, using an intention-to-treat protocol, was assessed using repeated measures. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed incident frailty. In subgroup analysis, an alternative frailty definition, the physical phenotype, was used as a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Of 25 871 VITAL trial participants randomized, 25 057 had sufficient data to calculate a frailty index. Baseline mean (SD) age was 67.2 (7.0) years, and 12 698 (50.7.%) were women. Mean (SD) frailty score was 0.109 (0.090) (range, 0.00-0.685), and 3174 individuals (12.7%) were frail. During a median 5-year follow-up, mean (SD) frailty scores increased to 0.121 (0.099) (range, 0.00-0.792). Neither vitamin D3 nor omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affected mean frailty scores over time (mean difference at year 5: vitamin D3, -0.0002; P = .85; omega-3 fatty acid, -0.0001; P = .90) or rate of change in mean frailty score (interaction with time: vitamin D3; P = .98; omega-3 fatty acid; P = .13) Incident frailty remained similar over time (interaction with time: vitamin D3, P = .90; omega-3 fatty acid; P = .32). Results were unchanged using the frailty physical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this ancillary study of the VITAL randomized clinical trial, treatment with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, compared with placebo, did not affect the rate of frailty change or incidence over time. These results do not support routine use of either vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for frailty prevention in generally healthy community-dwelling older adults not selected for vitamin D3 deficiency. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01169259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela R. Orkaby
- New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rimma Dushkes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Ward
- New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy R. Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meryl S. LeBoff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Moon SW, Kim KJ, Lee HS, Yun YM, Kim JE, Chun YJ, Kim CO. Low muscle mass, low muscle function, and sarcopenia in the urban and rural elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14314. [PMID: 35995980 PMCID: PMC9395512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Health outcomes of the elderly vary between rural and urban areas. Sarcopenia is diagnosed as loss of muscle strength or impaired physical performance, namely "low muscle function" and low muscle mass. Outcomes of low muscle mass and low muscle function are not equal. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low muscle mass, low muscle function, and sarcopenia in rural and urban populations and to determine whether regional differences were associated with each of these components. Participants aged ≥ 69 years (n = 2354) were recruited from three urban districts and one rural district in Korea. Low muscle mass was defined by appendicular lean mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle function was defined by handgrip strength and 5-chair stand test. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass plus low muscle function. The prevalence of low muscle function (53.7% vs. 72.8%), and sarcopenia (16.3% vs. 24.4%) were higher in the rural elderly population. Rural residence was associated with low muscle function (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.13-2.37, P = 0.009), but not with low muscle mass (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.22-1.54, P = 0.271) or with sarcopenia (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.63-2.00, P = 0.683). Interventions to detect and improve low muscle function in rural elderly population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Moon
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Joon Kim
- Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Lee
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Yun
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Chun
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Severance Executive Healthcare Clinic, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Corriveau J, Alavifard D, Gillis C. Demystifying Malnutrition to Improve Nutrition Screening and Assessment in Oncology. Semin Oncol Nurs 2022; 38:151336. [PMID: 35995630 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with cancer and malnutrition are more likely to experience poor treatment tolerance, prolonged length of hospital stay, and decreased quality of life. Early and sustained nutrition risk screening is the first step to tackling this patient and health care burden. Yet, malnutrition remains largely overlooked and undertreated. Malnutrition mismanagement could be indicative of a systemic misunderstanding. With this narrative review, we aimed to (1) define malnutrition, (2) address common malnutrition misconceptions, and (3) summarize nutrition recommendations for patients with cancer. DATA SOURCES PubMed and international clinical practice guidelines were used. CONCLUSION Malnutrition represents an unbalanced nutritional state that alters body composition and diminishes function. Malnutrition is not always physically obvious, and albumin is not a reliable marker of nutritional status; therefore, systematically screening all patients with a validated nutrition risk screening tool at time of cancer diagnosis, and periodically throughout treatment, is necessary to provide optimal, equitable care. Nutrition risk screening takes less than 1 minute to complete and can be completed by any health care professional. Patients that screen positive for nutrition risk should be referred to a registered nutritionist or dietitian for comprehensive nutritional assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE All health care professionals can and should be responsible for preventing and treating malnutrition. Registered nurses can actively participate in improving patient outcomes by screening patients for nutrition risk, weighing patients at every visit, referring patients to dietitians for nutrition treatment, and providing supportive medical management of nutrition impact symptoms such as nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Corriveau
- Department of Nutrition, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dorsa Alavifard
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chelsia Gillis
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Guo Y, Fu X, Hu Q, Chen L, Zuo H. The Effect of Leucine Supplementation on Sarcopenia-Related Measures in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 17 Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929891. [PMID: 35845777 PMCID: PMC9284268 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of leucine in sarcopenia prevention remains unclear. We aimed to summarize the published data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of leucine supplementation on sarcopenia-related measures in older adults. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science with restriction to randomized controlled trials design from January 1, 2009 to March 19, 2022. Sarcopenia-related measures included handgrip strength, total lean mass, gait speed, leg press, 6-min walk test, short-physical performance battery, timed up-and-go test and 30-s chair-stand test. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to generate pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was examined in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias assessments were performed. Results A total of 17 RCTs enrolling 1418 subjects were identified. Leucine-isolated supplementation showed no effect on total lean mass (WMD = 0.03 kg, 95% CI: –0.51, 0.57, P = 0.917), handgrip strength (WMD = 1.23 kg, 95% CI: –0.58, 3.03, P = 0.183) and leg press (WMD = –1.35 kg, 95% CI: –7.46, 4.77, P = 0.666). However, leucine-combined supplementation including vitamin D showed a significant improvement in handgrip strength (WMD = 2.17 kg, 95% CI: 0.24, 4.10, P = 0.027) and gait speed (WMD = 0.03 m/s, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P = 0.008). Conclusion Leucine-isolated supplementation did not improve muscle mass and strength in elderly. However, leucine-combined supplementation including vitamin D exhibited a significant benefit for muscle strength and performance including handgrip strength and gait speed in older adults. A combination of nutritional supplements would be a viable option for improving sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Guo
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Fu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Hu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zuo,
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21
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Gillis C, Martinez MC, Mina DS. Tailoring prehabilitation to address the multifactorial nature of functional capacity for surgery. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:395-405. [PMID: 35716131 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that recovery begins before the surgical incision. The pre-surgery phase of recovery - the preparation for optimal surgical recovery - can be reinforced with prehabilitation. Prehabilitation is the approach of enhancing the functional capacity of the individual to enable them to withstand a stressful event. With this narrative review, we apply the Wilson & Cleary conceptual model of patient outcomes to specify the complex and integrative relationship of health factors that limit functional capacity before surgery. To have the greatest impact on patient outcomes, prehabilitation programs require individualized and coordinated care from medical, nutritional, psychosocial, and exercise services. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsia Gillis
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University.,Anesthesia Department, McGill University
| | | | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network
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22
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Struijk EA, Fung TT, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Hu FB, Willett WC, Lopez-Garcia E. Protein intake and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses' Health Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1752-1761. [PMID: 35318829 PMCID: PMC9178161 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that an overall healthy diet is associated with lower risk of frailty. However, the effect of diet composition, specifically the role of protein intake on frailty, is mostly unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of protein, including total, plant, animal, and dairy protein, in relation to frailty incidence in a large cohort of older women. METHODS We analysed data from 85 871 women aged ≥60 participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Intake of protein was measured nine times during follow-up from 1980 until 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five criteria from the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and weight loss of ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 up to 2014. RESULTS During follow-up, we identified 13 279 incident cases of frailty. Women with a higher intake of plant protein had a lower risk of developing frailty after adjustment for all relevant confounders [relative risks across quintiles of consumption: 1.00, 0.94, 0.89, 0.86, and 0.86; P-trend < 0.001]. In contrast, those with a higher intake of animal protein intake had a higher risk of frailty [relative risks across quintiles of consumption: 1.00, 0.98, 0.99, 1.00, and 1.07; P-trend 0.04]. The intake of total and dairy protein showed no significant association with frailty in the full model. Substituting 5% of energy from plant protein intake at the expense of animal protein, dairy protein, or non-dairy animal protein was associated with 38% (29%, 47%), 32% (21%, 42%), and 42% (33%, 50%) reduced risk of frailty. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of plant protein, but not animal or dairy protein, was associated with a lower risk of frailty. Substitution of plant protein for animal protein, especially non-dairy animal protein, was associated with lower risk of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Cabiddu MF, Russi A, Appolloni L, Mengato D, Chiumente M. Omega-3 for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2022; 29:134-138. [PMID: 32546568 PMCID: PMC9047929 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains a matter of debate. The aim of this work was to evaluate PUFAs in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in primary and secondary prevention of CVD to determine if further original studies are needed or the available data can be considered conclusive. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed according to a dichotomous endpoint followed by a trial-sequential analysis (TSA). Clinical data were identified through a PubMed search based on the following keywords: omega-3 fatty acids; cardiovascular disease; death; and cardiovascular risk. The clinical trials identified by this procedure were subjected to standard meta-analysis and TSA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A total of 11 randomised studies for 100 609 patients were analysed. Our meta-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in mortality due to cardiovascular issues (RR=0.937; 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.98; P=0.018). The TSA indicated that no further trials are needed to better evaluate the efficacy of PUFAs in preventing death related to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Cabiddu
- School of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Florence Faculty of Pharmacy, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Alberto Russi
- School of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Padua Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Appolloni
- Farmacia Clinica, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mengato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Bolzano Hospital, Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Chiumente
- Scientific Direction, Italian Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Milan, Italy
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24
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Whey Protein, L-Leucine and Vitamin D Supplementation for Preserving Lean Mass during a Low-Calorie Diet in Sarcopenic Obese Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091884. [PMID: 35565851 PMCID: PMC9099886 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In sarcopenic obese subjects it is essential to reduce body weight and preserve lean mass, in order to avoid a worsening of muscle function. Several studies have shown that leucine supplementation can be useful to improve skeletal muscle mass in sarcopenic patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term low-calorie diet (LCD) combined with supplementation with whey protein and leucine on weight loss, lean mass and muscle strength in sarcopenic, obese, hyperinsulinemic and post-menopausal women. Sixteen females with a mean age of 60 years (range: 50–70 years), BMI 37.6 kg/m2 (range: 31.7–44.1 Kg/m2), HOMA-index ≥ 2.5 (range: 2.9–12) were assigned to an LCD regimen (1000 kcal/day) with supplementation of 18 g whey proteins which 4.1 g of leucine for 45 days. Anthropometric indexes, blood and urine chemistry, body composition by DEXA, muscle strength by handgrip test and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment. A significant reduction in BMI (37.6 vs. 35.7 Kg/m2), waist circumference (107 vs. 102.4 cm), HOMA index (4.8 vs. 2.3) and fasting insulin (17.4 vs. 10.4 μIU/mL) was observed in all patients. Women preserved total lean body mass (55 vs. 5%) and significantly improved their muscle strength, as measured by handgrip (15.3 vs. 20.1 Kg), and their muscle function, as measured by SPPB (7.5 vs. 8.9). A significant increase in BUN was also observed (36.1 vs. 46.3). We conclude that LCD with adequate protein intake and supplementation with whey protein and leucine should be promoted to maintain muscle mass and improve muscle strength in post-menopausal women with sarcopenic obesity.
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25
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Malnutrition treatment and follow-up in Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic was associated with increased muscle mass. Nutrition 2022; 101:111680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Guillotin S, Vallet A, Lorthois S, Cestac P, Schmidt E, Delcourt N. Association between Homocysteine, Frailty and Biomechanical Response of the CNS in NPH-suspected Patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1335-1343. [PMID: 35325129 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that combines physiological decline, disruptions of homeostatic mechanisms across multiple physiologic systems and thus, strong vulnerability to further pathological stress. Previously, we provided the first evidence that increased risk of poor health outcomes, as quantified by a frailty index, is associated with an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) biomechanical response to blood pulsatility. In this study, we explored correlation between fourteen biological parameters, the CNS elastance coefficient and frailty index. We included 60 adults (52-92 years) suspected of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and presenting with markers of multiple co-existing brain pathologies, including Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia. We showed that the homocysteine (Hcy) level was independently and positively associated with both frailty index and the CNS elastance coefficient (adjusted R² of 10% and 6%). We also demonstrated that creatinine clearance and folate level were independently associated with Hcy level. Based on previous literature results describing the involvement of Hcy in endothelial dysfunction, glial activation and neurodegeneration, we discuss how Hcy could contribute to the altered biomechanical response of the CNS and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guillotin
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Poison Control Center, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Vallet
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvie Lorthois
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cestac
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Schmidt
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Delcourt
- Poison Control Center, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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27
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Lu WH, Giudici KV, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, Mangin JF, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Associations Between Nutritional Deficits and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:771470. [PMID: 34859035 PMCID: PMC8632557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.771470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether multiple nutritional deficiencies have a synergic effect on mobility loss remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate associations between multi-nutritional deficits and physical performance evolution among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We included 386 participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) (75.6 ± 4.5 years) not receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and who had available data on nutritional deficits. Baseline nutritional deficits were defined as plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml, plasma homocysteine >14 μmol/L, or erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA index ≤ 4.87% (lower quartile). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and chair rise time were used to assess physical performance at baseline and after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. We explored if nutrition-physical performance associations varied according to the presence of low-grade inflammation (LGI) and brain imaging indicators. Results: Within-group comparisons showed that physical function (decreased SPPB and gait speed, increased chair rise time) worsened over time, particularly in participants with ≥2 nutritional deficits; however, no between-group differences were observed when individuals without deficit and those with either 1 or ≥2 deficits were compared. Our exploratory analysis on nutritional deficit-LGI interactions showed that, among people with ≥2 deficits, chair rise time was increased over time in participants with LGI (adjusted mean difference: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.91; p = 0.017), compared with individuals with no LGI. Conclusions: Accumulated deficits on vitamin D, homocysteine, and omega-3 PUFA were not associated with physical performance evolution in older adults, but they determined declined chair rise performance in subjects with low-grade inflammation. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00672685], identifier [NCT00672685].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsuan Lu
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
- Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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28
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Lu WH, de Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y, Bouyahia A, Fischer C, Mangin JF, Giudici KV, Vellas B. Biological and Neuroimaging Markers as Predictors of 5-Year Incident Frailty in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the MAPT Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e361-e369. [PMID: 33246338 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the predictive value of biological and neuroimaging markers to determine incident frailty among older people for a period of 5 years. METHODS We included 1394 adults aged 70 years and older from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, who were not frail at baseline (according to Fried's criteria) and who had at least 1 post-baseline measurement of frailty. Participants who progressed to frailty during the 5-year follow-up were categorized as "incident frailty" and those who remained non-frail were categorized as "without frailty." The differences of baseline biochemical factors (25-hydroxyvitamin D, homocysteine, omega-3 index, C-reactive protein), other biological markers (Apolipoprotein E genotypes, amyloid-β deposits), and neuroimaging data (gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities) were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the associations between biomarkers and incident frailty. RESULTS A total of 195 participants (14.0%) became frail over 5 years. Although 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, homocysteine levels, low-grade inflammation (persistently increased C-reactive protein 3-10 mg/L), gray matter, and hippocampal volume were significantly associated with incident frailty in unadjusted models, these associations disappeared after adjustment for age, sex, and other confounders. Omega-3 index was the sole marker that presented a trend of association with incident frailty (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.83-1.01; p = .082). CONCLUSIONS This study failed to identify biomarkers able to predict frailty incidence in community-dwelling older adults for a period of 5 years. Further longitudinal research with multiple measurements of biomarkers and frailty is needed to evaluate the long-term relationships between changes in biomarkers levels and frailty evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsuan Lu
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, France
| | - Ali Bouyahia
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kelly V Giudici
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, France
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Ferreira V, Lawson C, Carli F, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Chevalier S. Feasibility of a novel mixed-nutrient supplement in a multimodal prehabilitation intervention for lung cancer patients awaiting surgery: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Int J Surg 2021; 93:106079. [PMID: 34464752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate, in lung cancer patients awaiting elective surgery, the feasibility of delivering a novel four-week multimodal prehabilitation intervention and its effects on preoperative functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compared to standard hospital care. METHODS Adult patients awaiting elective thoracotomy for lung cancer stages I, II or IIIa, were approached to participate in an open-label, randomized controlled trial of two parallel arms: multimodal prehabilitation combining a mixed-nutrient supplement with structured supervised and home-based exercise training, and relaxation-strategies (Prehab) or standard hospital care (Control). Feasibility was assessed based on recruitment and adherence rates to the intervention and study outcome assessment. Functional capacity, measured by the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and HRQoL were measured at baseline and after four weeks (preoperative). RESULTS Within 5 months, 34 patients were enrolled and randomized (2:1) to Prehab (n = 24; median age = 67 years) or Control (n = 10; median age = 69 years); recruitment rate of 58.6%. The study was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence to the prescribed intensity of the supervised exercise program was 84.1% (SD 23.1). Self-reported adherence to the home-based exercise program was 88.2% (SD 21) and to the nutritional supplement, 93.2% (SD 14.2). Adherence to patients' preoperative assessment was 82% and 88% in Prehab and Control, respectively. The mean adjusted difference in 4-week preoperative 6MWT between groups was 37.7 m (95% CI, -6.1 to 81.4), p = 0.089. There were no differences in HRQoL between groups. CONCLUSION Within a preoperative timeframe, it was feasible to deliver this novel multimodal prehabilitation intervention in lung cancer patients awaiting surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ferreira
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire Lawson
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco Carli
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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30
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Tessier AJ, Lévy-Ndejuru J, Moyen A, Lawson M, Lamarche M, Morais JA, Bhullar A, Andriamampionona F, Mazurak VC, Chevalier S. A 16-week randomized controlled trial of a fish oil and whey protein-derived supplement to improve physical performance in older adults losing autonomy-A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256386. [PMID: 34424934 PMCID: PMC8382183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low functional capacity may lead to the loss of independence and institutionalization of older adults. A nutritional intervention within a rehabilitation program may attenuate loss of muscle function in this understudied population. OBJECTIVE This pilot study assessed the feasibility for a larger RCT of a nutritional supplementation in older adults referred to an outpatient assessment and rehabilitation program. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive a supplement (EXP: 2g fish oil with 1500 IU vitamin D3 1x/d + 20-30g whey protein powder with 3g leucine 2x/d) or isocaloric placebo (CTR: corn oil + maltodextrin powder) for 16 weeks. Handgrip and knee extension strength (using dynamometry), physical performance tests and plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids (using GCMS) were evaluated at weeks 0, 8 and 16; and lean soft tissue mass (using DXA), at weeks 0 and 16. RESULTS Over 2 years, 244 patients were screened, 46 were eligible (18.9%), 20 were randomized, 10 completed the study (6 CTR, 4 EXP). Median age was 87 y (77-94 y; 75% women) and gait speed was 0.69 m/s; 55% had low strength, and all performed under 420m on the 6-minute walk test, at baseline. Overall self-reported compliance to powder and oil was high (96% and 85%) but declined at 16 weeks for fish oil (55%). The EXP median protein intake surpassed the target 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d, without altering usual diet. Proportions of plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA increased significantly 3- and 1.5-fold respectively, at week 8 in EXP, with no change in CTR. Participants were able to complete most assessments with sustained guidance. CONCLUSION Because of low eligibility, the pilot study was interrupted and deemed non-feasible; adherence to rigorous study assessments and to supplements was adequate except for long-term fish oil. The non-amended protocol may be applied to populations with greater functional capacity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04454359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Julie Tessier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Lévy-Ndejuru
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Moyen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marissa Lawson
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Lamarche
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseé A. Morais
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amritpal Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Wu SY, Yeh NH, Chang HY, Wang CF, Hung SY, Wu SJ, Pan WH. Adequate protein intake in older adults in the context of frailty: cross-sectional results of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2014-2017. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:649-660. [PMID: 33851197 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that a dietary protein intake higher than the current recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g/kg body weight (BW)/d may be needed to maintain optimal muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. However, defining optimal protein intake in this age group remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE In this study we sought to describe the dietary protein intake in frail, prefrail, and robust older Taiwanese adults. METHODS Data for 1920 older adults were collected from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 2014 to 2017. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. Frailty was determined using the modified Fried's criteria. Body composition was assessed using DXA. Sex-specific dietary protein intakes, measured as values/kg of BW, fat-free mass (FFM), and lean mass (LM), were estimated for the 3 age groups (65-69, 70-79, and ≥80y) and the 3 frailty levels. RESULTS In both males (P for trend = 0.034) and females (P for trend = 0.015), there were significant downward trends for protein intake/kg of BW with the severity of frailty. The age-adjusted protein intake/kg of BW was still significant in males (P for trend = 0.009), but no longer in females. This phenomenon was also seen for protein intake at lunch and dinner but not at breakfast. Age-adjusted trends for protein intake/kg FFM or LM were not significant in either sex. The median protein intake in robust older males and females was 1.21 and 1.19 g/kg BW/d, respectively, and the mean intakes were even higher. CONCLUSION Median protein intake in robust Taiwanese older adults was approximately 1.2 g/kg BW/d, with higher mean values. The protein adequate intake in Taiwanese older adults was higher than the current recommended daily allowance (RDA) level but within the RDA range derived from the state-of art indicator amino acid oxidation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hua Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Gala K, Desai V, Liu N, Omer EM, McClave SA. How to Increase Muscle Mass in Critically Ill Patients: Lessons Learned from Athletes and Bodybuilders. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 9:369-380. [PMID: 33098051 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Decades of research on nutrition and exercise on athletes and bodybuilders has yielded various strategies to promote anabolism and improve muscle health and growth. We reviewed these interventions in the context of muscle loss in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS For critically ill patients, ensuring optimum protein intake is important, potentially using a whey-containing source and supplemented with vitamin D and leucine. Agents like hydroxyl β-methylbutyrate and creatine can be used to promote muscle synthesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate muscle production as well as have anti-inflammatory properties that may be useful in critical illness. Adjuncts like oxandralone promote anabolism. Resistance training has shown mixed results in the ICU setting but needs to be explored further with specific outcomes. Critically ill patients suffer from severe proteolysis during hospitalization as well as persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome after discharge. High protein supplementation, ergogenic aids, anti-inflammatories, and anabolic adjuncts have shown potential in alleviating muscle loss and should be used in intensive care units to optimize patient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, 3rd Floor, Ambulatory Care Building, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Viral Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, 3rd Floor, Ambulatory Care Building, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nanlong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Endashaw M Omer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Stephen A McClave
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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33
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Son BK, Akishita M, Yamanaka T, Toyoshima K, Tanaka T, Suthutvoravut U, Iijima K. Association between inflammatory potential of the diet and sarcopenia/its components in community-dwelling older Japanese men. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104481. [PMID: 34298260 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic inflammation is a pathophysiological cause of age-related diseases including sarcopenia. However, limited data are available on the association between the diet-derived inflammation and sarcopenia. Here, using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), we examined the associations between inflammatory potentials of the diet, sarcopenia/its components, and serum inflammatory markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 among 1,254 community-dwelling older adults. Energy-adjusted DII score (E-adjusted DII) was calculated using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Sarcopenia/its components was determined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. RESULTS The mean of E-adjusted DII was 0.13±2.1 (-4.92~5.29) in participants (74.6±5.5 y). After adjustment of confounders, men in the highest tertile of the E-adjusted DII showed a 2.89-times (95% CI: 1.04-8.04) higher risk of sarcopenia than those in the lowest tertile. Regarding its components (low muscle mass/strength/function), men in the highest tertile did not have significantly greater odds, respectively. Intriguingly, when the E-adjusted DII was calculated only based on anti-inflammatory food parameters, men who did not consume food with anti-inflammatory properties scored high E-adjusted DII and were significantly associated with sarcopenia in the highest tertile (OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.06-8.93). Higher serum hsCRP levels were seen in sarcopenic men with the highest E-adjusted DII (p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a diet with pro-inflammatory potential is associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Further investigations whether anti-inflammatory diet could reduce its risk are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Son
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Department of Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koichi Toyoshima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tanaka
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Iijima
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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34
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Aoyama S, Kim HK, Hirooka R, Tanaka M, Shimoda T, Chijiki H, Kojima S, Sasaki K, Takahashi K, Makino S, Takizawa M, Takahashi M, Tahara Y, Shimba S, Shinohara K, Shibata S. Distribution of dietary protein intake in daily meals influences skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the muscle clock. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109336. [PMID: 34233179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The meal distribution of proteins throughout the day is usually skewed. However, its physiological implications and the effects of better protein distribution on muscle volume are largely unknown. Here, using the two-meals-per-day feeding model, we find that protein intake at the early active phase promotes overloading-induced muscle hypertrophy, in a manner dependent on the local muscle clock. Mice fed branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-supplemented diets at the early active phase demonstrate skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, distribution-dependent effects are not observed in ClockΔ19 or muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout mice. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the distribution of proteins in meals and muscle functions, such as skeletal muscle index and grip strength in humans. Higher muscle functions were observed in subjects who ingested dietary proteins mainly at breakfast than at dinner. These data suggest that protein intake at breakfast may be better for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Rina Hirooka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tanaka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeru Shimoda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kojima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Makino
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Miku Takizawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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Cho H, Gu MS, Won CW, Kong HH. Impact of premature natural menopause on body composition and physical function in elderly women: A Korean frailty and aging cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26353. [PMID: 34160403 PMCID: PMC8238278 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced premature menopause accelerates the rate of body composition changes (decrease in skeletal muscle mass and increase in fat mass) and deteriorating physical function. However, few studies have focused on the impact of premature natural menopause. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age at natural menopause (ANM) on body composition and physical function in elderly women.Using data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, 765 community-dwelling elderly women aged 70 to 85 years who experienced natural menopause were recruited in this study. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function was evaluated by grip strength, the timed up and go test (TUG), and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their ANM: <40 (premature natural menopause, PNM), 40 to 44 (early natural menopause, ENM), 45 to 54 (normal menopause, NM), and ≥55 (late menopause, LM) years.There were no significant differences in the body composition parameters, such as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (PNM: 5.90 ± 0.90 vs ENM: 5.91 ± 0.70 vs NM: 5.85 ± 0.73 vs LM: 5.90 ± 0.75, kg/m2, P = .75) and trunk fat mass index (PNM: 19.4 ± 3.9 vs ENM: 19.9 ± 4.4 vs NM: 19.9 ± 3.9 vs LM: 20.0 ± 3.8, %, P = .87) between the groups. In the physical function evaluation, there was no significant difference between the groups in grip strength (PNM: 19.8 ± 0.6 vs ENM: 20.3 ± 0.4 vs NM: 20.6 ± 0.2 vs LM: 20.6 ± 0.4, kg, P = .53). However, in the TUG (PNM: 11.8 ± 0.4 vs ENM: 10.3 ± 0.3 vs NM: 10.6 ± 0.1 vs LM: 10.2 ± 0.3, seconds, P < .01) and SPPB (PNM: 10.0 ± 0.2 vs ENM: 10.5 ± 0.2 vs NM: 10.6 ± 0.1 vs LM: 10.8 ± 0.2, points, P < .05), the PNM group showed significantly lower values than the other groups did. There was no difference in physical function between the groups except the PNM.Premature natural menopause did not affect the body composition in elderly women but was associated with physical function deterioration. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the physical function deterioration caused by premature natural menopause in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
| | - Min Su Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
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Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051730. [PMID: 34065253 PMCID: PMC8161000 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are of considerable interest as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health, especially sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling Japanese subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study, and 1345 participants (437 men and 908 women) aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established in 2014, and dietary intake was assessed with the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall, 77 subjects (5.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia, 5.0% of men and 6.1% of women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of sarcopenia for the dietary intake of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0.14 (CI 0.04–0.49), β-tocopherol (0.24, CI 0.07–0.78), γ-tocopherol (0.28, CI 0.09–0.87), and fats (fat 0.27, CI 0.08–0.96; monounsaturated fatty acids, 0.22, CI 0.07–0.72, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 0.28, CI 0.09–0.89) at the highest quantile were significantly lower compared with those at the lowest quantile. Therefore, higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and fats would be associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia.
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Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Gu Y, Yao Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang X, Sun S, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Saltwater fish but not freshwater fish consumption is positively related to handgrip strength: The TCLSIH Cohort Study. Nutr Res 2021; 90:46-54. [PMID: 34091118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fish contain many important nutrients and are primarily known for high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content. Studies have shown that supplementation of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA improves muscle mass and strength. Here, we hypothesized that fish consumption might improve muscle strength. To test this hypothesis, we performed this cross-sectional study (n = 29,084) in Tianjin, China. The frequency of fish consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was used as the indicator of muscle strength, and was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationship between fish consumption and HGS. In men, after adjusted potential confounding factors, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across saltwater fish consumption categories were 41.5 (41.1, 43.7) kg for <1 time/week, 44.6 (43.2, 45.8) kg for 1 time/week, and 44.7 (43.3, 46.1) kg for ≥2 to 3 times/week (P for trend <0.001). In men, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across the ascending quartiles of dietary n-3 PUFA intake were 43.6 (43.2, 44.4) kg, 43.7 (43.2, 44.6) kg, 44.4 (43.0, 45.8) kg, and 44.6 (43.1, 46.0) kg (P for trend <0.01). The results showed that saltwater fish consumption was positively related to HGS in men, but not in women, suggesting that saltwater fish contain nutrients that may be used to improve HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Chen Z, Li WY, Ho M, Chau PH. The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Chinese Older Adults: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Nutrients 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33923252 PMCID: PMC8146971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, with risk factors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity, is becoming prevalent among the older population. The aims of this study were (i) to systematically review the existing data on sarcopenia prevalence in the older Chinese population, (ii) to generate pooled estimates of the sex-specific prevalence among different populations, and (iii) to identify the factors associated with the heterogeneity in the estimates across studies. A search was conducted in seven databases for studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults, aged 60 years and over, published through April 2020. We then performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, and investigated the factors associated with the variation in the prevalence across the studies using meta-regression. A total of 58 studies were included in this review. Compared with community-dwelling Chinese older adults (men: 12.9%, 95% CI: 10.7-15.1%; women: 11.2%, 95% CI: 8.9-13.4%), the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults from hospitals (men: 29.7%, 95% CI:18.4-41.1%; women: 23.0%, 95% CI:17.1-28.8%) and nursing homes (men: 26.3%, 95% CI: 19.1 to 33.4%; women: 33.7%, 95% CI: 27.2 to 40.1%) was higher. The multivariable meta-regression quantified the difference of the prevalence estimates in different populations, muscle mass assessments, and areas. This study yielded pooled estimates of sarcopenia prevalence in Chinese older adults not only from communities, but also from clinical settings and nursing homes. This study added knowledge to the current epidemiology literature about sarcopenia in older Chinese populations, and could provide background information for future preventive strategies, such as nutrition and physical activity interventions, tailored to the growing older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pui-Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (W.-Y.L.); (M.H.)
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Luo J, Zhang D, Tang W, Dou LY, Sun Y. Impact of Frailty on the Risk of Exacerbations and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:593-601. [PMID: 33880018 PMCID: PMC8053481 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s303852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale For the high prevalence of frail in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), further study should explore an in-depth understanding of the relationship between frailty and prognosis of COPD. Objective To determine the correlation between frailty and risk of acute exacerbation, hospitalizations, and mortality in older patients with stable COPD. Participants and Methods Consecutive older adults (≥65) diagnosed with stable COPD from January 2018 to July 2019, with an average follow-up of 546 days (N = 309). Frailty was defined by the Fried frailty phenotype. Poisson regression was performed to assess the influence of frailty on the incidence of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) and all-cause hospitalizations in a year. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the effect of frailty on all-cause mortality in patients with stable COPD. Results The prevalence of frailty was 49.8%. The most common phenotypic characteristics were weakness (99.4%) followed by slowness (92.9%). After adjustment, frailty increased the incidence of AECOPD (IRR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.09–2.82) and all-cause hospitalizations (IRR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87) within a year. Slowness was associated with AECOPD (IRR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03–3.03), and weakness was associated with increased all-cause hospitalizations (IRR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.25). The all-cause mortality risk was more than twofold higher in frail patients (HR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.01–6.36) than non-frail patients. Low physical activity (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.17–6.05) and weight loss (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.02–4.51) were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with COPD. Conclusion Frailty increased the incidence of acute exacerbation and hospitalization, as well as increased mortality in older patients with stable COPD. This knowledge will help physicians identify high-risk groups with COPD and frailty who may benefit from targeted interventions to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yang Dou
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
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Rondanelli M, Perna S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Di Paolo E, Gasparri C. Effects of n-3 EPA and DHA supplementation on fat free mass and physical performance in elderly. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111476. [PMID: 33781784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most studied n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), and their intake seem to have a positive effect on skeletal muscle. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of n-3 EPA and DHA supplementation on fat free mass, and on different indexes of physical performance in the elderly. Eligible studies included RCT studies that investigated EPA and DHA intervention. Random-effects models have been used in order to estimate pooled effect sizes, the mean differences, and 95 % CIs. Findings from 14 studies (n = 2220 participants) lasting from 6 to 144 weeks have been summarized in this article. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effects showed that daily n-3 EPA + DHA supplementation (from 0.7 g to 3.36 g) decreases the time of Time Up and Go (TUG) test of -0.28 s (CI 95 %-0.43, -0.13;). No statistically significant effects on physical performance indicators, such as 4-meter Walking Test, Chair Rise Test and Handgrip Strength, have been found. The fat free mass follows an improvement trend of +0.30 kg (CI 95 % -0.39, 0.99) but not statistically significant. N-3 EPA + DHA supplementation could be a promising strategy in order to enhance muscle quality and prevent or treat frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | | | - Enrica Di Paolo
- General Geriatric Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Guest PC. New Therapeutic Approaches and Biomarkers for Increased Healthspan. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:1-13. [PMID: 33725342 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare costs have increased in developing countries over the last few decades, mostly due to the escalation in average life expectancy and the concomitant increase in age-related disorders. To address this issue, widespread research is now being undertaken across the globe with the aim of finding a way of increasing healthy aging. A number of potential interventions have already shown promise, including lifestyle changes and the use of natural products or pharmaceuticals that may delay the onset of diseases associated with the aging process. In parallel, a number of potential biomarkers have already been identified that can be used for assessing risk of developing age-associated disorders and for monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. This review describes the most recent advances towards the goal of achieving healthier aging with fewer disabilities that may lead to enhanced quality of life and reduced healthcare costs around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Akan B. Influence of sarcopenia focused on critically ill patients. Acute Crit Care 2021; 36:15-21. [PMID: 33524252 PMCID: PMC7940098 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A systemic review was performed to evaluate the epidemiological, pathophysiological, and
clinical features of sarcopenia, the relationship of sarcopenia with critical illness and its impact on mortality, and diagnostic methods and treatment modalities. Generally, in the presence of critical illness, sarcopenia is not included in the treatment approach strategies. An intensivist should be aware that sarcopenia may be present in critically ill patients. Although the main modalities against sarcopenia are early mobilization and nutritional support, they can only prevent its development and may have positive effects on prognosis rather than treating the existing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Akan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rondanelli M, Nichetti M, Peroni G, Faliva MA, Naso M, Gasparri C, Perna S, Oberto L, Di Paolo E, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Guerreschi G, Tartara A. Where to Find Leucine in Food and How to Feed Elderly With Sarcopenia in Order to Counteract Loss of Muscle Mass: Practical Advice. Front Nutr 2021; 7:622391. [PMID: 33585538 PMCID: PMC7874106 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.622391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The term sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that generally occurs during aging. The interventions that have proved most effective in reducing the severity and preventing the worsening of sarcopenia include physical exercise, especially resistance, and the administration of dietary supplements in association with a targeted diet; nutritional intervention is the main therapeutic approach for elderly people, since they are very often sedentary (also due to possible disabilities). Among the various nutrients, high biological value proteins and leucine are of particular interest for their demonstrated effects on the health of skeletal muscle. The intake of food containing proteins and leucine during meals stimulates muscle protein synthesis. Lower blood levels of leucine were associated with lower values of the skeletal muscle index, grip strength and performance. The international guidelines recommended that a leucine intake of 3 g at three main meals together with 25-30 g of protein is the goal to be achieved to counteract loss of lean mass in elderly. Food composition databases rarely show the amounts of leucine contained in foods and therefore it becomes difficult to build a diet that follows these guidelines. A table was therefore created for the first time in the literature to collect all the foods richest in leucine, thanks to the union of the most important Italian food databases. Moreover, in order to implement a diet that follows the right recommendations, another tables shows nutritional composition of breakfast, lunch and dinner (that each provide 3 grams of leucine and 25 grams of protein) for seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Letizia Oberto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Paolo
- General Geriatric Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guerreschi
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Tsukamoto-Sen S, Kawakami S, Maruki-Uchida H, Ito R, Matsui N, Komiya Y, Mita Y, Morisasa M, Goto-Inoue N, Furuichi Y, Manabe Y, Morita M, Fujii NL. Effect of antioxidant supplementation on skeletal muscle and metabolic profile in aging mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:825-833. [PMID: 33399617 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging induces drastic changes in muscle mass and function (sarcopenia); however, the detailed mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that age-related increases in oxidative stress induce muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-month supplementation of antioxidants, specifically piceatannol (PIC) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), on age-related physiological changes, including skeletal muscle weight and quality, in 25-month-old (OLD) mice, compared to in 4-month-old (young, YNG) C57BL/6J mice. Muscle weight corrected by body weight significantly declined in OLD mice, compared to in YNG mice. The control OLD mice also showed changes in the expression of genes related to muscle fiber type, reduced locomotor activity, and increased oxidative stress markers in blood. Consistent with the muscle weight and quality changes, whole-body fat oxidation during sedentary conditions and exercise periods in control OLD mice was significantly lower than that in YNG mice. Interestingly, compared to the control OLD mice, the PIC- or EMIQ-fed OLD mice showed higher fat oxidation. Furthermore, EMIQ, but not PIC, increased locomotor activity, the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed the carbonylated protein in the skeletal muscle of OLD mice. These results suggested that chronic antioxidant intake could alleviate aging-related muscle function changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuka Tsukamoto-Sen
- Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan.
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Yokoyama Y, Kitamura A, Seino S, Kim H, Obuchi S, Kawai H, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Motokawa K, Narita M, Shinkai S. Association of nutrient-derived dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33461556 PMCID: PMC7814431 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is a modifiable factor affecting sarcopenia, and accumulating evidence links dietary factors to muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. However, few studies have examined the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia. This study examined the association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1606 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Nutrient-derived dietary patterns were identified by using RRR, with sarcopenia-related nutrients (protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, vitamin K, magnesium, iron, and calcium intakes) as response variables. Sarcopenia was defined by using the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Multivariate regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components. Results The first RRR dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruit and a low intake of rice and was associated with decreased prevalence of sarcopenia: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of sarcopenia was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.94; p for trend=0.022) in the highest versus the lowest tertile of dietary pattern. This dietary pattern was also significantly positively associated with usual gait speed (β: 0.02, p=0.024). Conclusions A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruits and low rice intake was inversely associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Miki Narita
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Huang YH, Chiu WC, Hsu YP, Lo YL, Wang YH. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Muscle Performance among the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123739. [PMID: 33291698 PMCID: PMC7761957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing the role of fatty acids and their derived lipid intermediates in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass synthesis and function. However, the role of omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on sarcopenia-related performances among the elderly. Eligible literature and reports of randomized controlled trials were comprehensively searched from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases until July 2018. A total of 10 articles were available for the meta-analysis. There were minor benefits for muscle mass gain (0.33 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62) and timed up and go performance (−0.30 s; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.17). Subgroup analyses regarding muscle mass and walk speed indicated that omega-3 fatty acid supplements at more than 2 g/day may contribute to muscle mass gain (0.67 kg; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.18) and improve walking speed, especially for those receiving more than 6 months of intervention (1.78 m/sec; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.17). Our findings provide some insight into the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on muscle mass, especially for those taking supplements at more than 2 g/day. We also observed that a long period of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10065, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Emergency Department, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7361661 (ext. 3232)
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Fernández-Mincone T, Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramírez M, García-Valdés P, López-Fuenzalida A, Riquelme A, Arab JP, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Barrera F. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia: pathophysiological connections and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1141-1157. [PMID: 32811209 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1810563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Recent data suggest that loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia) is highly prevalent and frequently overlooked in NAFLD patients. Experimental and clinical data suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia is pathophysiologically complex and bi-directional and there is a growing interest in unveiling how sarcopenia could influence NAFLD development and progression. AREAS COVERED PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for articles related to concomitant occurrence of NAFLD and sarcopenia between January 2013 and April 2020. Areas covered in this review include: (1) updated sarcopenia diagnosis strategy, (2) discussion of current data on pathophysiological connections between NAFLD and sarcopenia, and (3) analysis of current and future therapeutic implications of this knowledge. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies describe a consistent association between NAFLD and sarcopenia, although a cause-effect relation remains to be determined. Active implementation of current diagnosis algorithms and optimized treatment can prevent sarcopenia related complications in subjects with NAFLD. Pathogenic pathways implicated in this relation are multiple and complex, a better understanding of them can provide novel biomarkers and targeted therapies that will hopefully have an important impact in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fernández-Mincone
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio García-Valdés
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio López-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Li C, Kang B, Zhang T, Gu H, Song P, Chen J, Wang X, Xu B, Zhao W, Zhang J. Dietary Pattern and Dietary Energy from Fat Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Regions of China. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3689. [PMID: 33265923 PMCID: PMC7760936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and sarcopenia remain controversial, and fewer studies have mentioned the relationship between dietary energy composition and sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions of China, to detect the associations between DPs and sarcopenia, and to identify the influencing nutrients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for DP identification. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between DPs and sarcopenia. Dietary nutrients and dietary energy composition were calculated and compared among different DPs. Three DPs were identified from 861 community-dwelling older people. The "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14~0.77, p-trend = 0.009). Subjects in the highest quartile of the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern showed more abundant intake (1.7 g/kg/d) of dietary protein, and lower percentage (31%) of energy from fat (PEF) than the other two DPs. Further analyses indicated that lower PEF (<30%) was negatively associated with sarcopenia. In conclusion, the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people. This pattern showed abundant protein intake and low PEF, which may partially contribute to its protective effect on sarcopenia. Therefore, besides protein, dietary fat and PEF may also be considered in the prevention and management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bingxian Kang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Hongru Gu
- Taicang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 36 Xianfu West Street, Taicang 215400, China;
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xile Wang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
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49
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Gaytán-González A, Ocampo-Alfaro MDJ, Torres-Naranjo F, González-Mendoza RG, Gil-Barreiro M, Arroniz-Rivera M, López-Taylor JR. Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103156. [PMID: 33081081 PMCID: PMC7602881 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in protein intake per meal is observed in studies that have reported the protein intake patterns in different countries; however, comparisons of these data are lacking. We aimed to compare protein intake patterns and the percentage of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and meal in older adults from different countries. We acquired data of protein intake in older adults from four countries (Mexico, United States of America, Germany, and United Kingdom). We compared protein intake (per day and meal), IPI per day and meal, and the number of meals with an adequate protein content among countries. The IPI per day significantly differed among countries for <0.8 and <1.0 (both p < 0.001), but not for <1.2 g/kg/d (p = 0.135). IPI per meal (<30 g/meal) did not differ among countries at breakfast (p = 0.287) and lunch (p = 0.076) but did differ at dinner (p < 0.001). Conversely, IPI per meal (<0.4 g/kg/meal) significantly differed among countries at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p < 0.001). The percentage of participants that ate ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal at zero, one, and two or three meals per day significantly differed among countries (all p < 0.05). IPI at breakfast and lunch (<30 g/meal) was a common trait in the analyzed samples and might represent an opportunity for nutritional interventions in older adults in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gaytán-González
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Department of Human Reproduction, Infantile Growth, and Development, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-333-619-9708
| | | | - Francisco Torres-Naranjo
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Center of Body Composition and Bone Research, Guadalajara 44600, Mexico
| | - Roberto Gabriel González-Mendoza
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
| | - Martha Gil-Barreiro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.G.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Maritza Arroniz-Rivera
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.G.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Juan R. López-Taylor
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
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50
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Labata-Lezaun N, Llurda-Almuzara L, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, González-Rueda V, Hidalgo-García C, Muniz-Pardos B, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2607. [PMID: 32867103 PMCID: PMC7551830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation (PS), compared to RT alone or combined with a placebo (plS), in the improvement of muscle strength and physical performance. The search strategy in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 294 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 16 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. A total of 657 healthy elderly (>60 years) participants were analysed. Finally, 15 articles were included in the quantitative analysis with one being excluded due to issues with data availability. Upper-limb, lower-limb, and handgrip strength were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. The secondary outcomes, related to physical performance, were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and the five-chair-rise test (5CRT). The main results of the meta-analysis show no statistical differences for upper-limb (SMD: 0.56, 95% CI: -0.09, 1.21, p = 0.09, I2 = 68%), lower-limb (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.18, p = 1.0, I2 = 11%), and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.03, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.32, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%) between the RT + PS and the RT alone (or combined with plS). Moreover, no statistical differences were found relating to physical performance. In view of these results, protein supplementation combined with RT does not provide additional benefits compared to RT alone or with plS in healthy elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-d.-C.); (V.G.-R.)
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Vanessa González-Rueda
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-d.-C.); (V.G.-R.)
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.)
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