1
|
Goh XX, Tee SF, Tang PY, Chee KY, Loh KKW. Impact of body mass index elevation, Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and antipsychotics on the risk of Vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:350-358. [PMID: 38761517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Antipsychotics with weight gain as side effect and vitamin D receptor dysfunction associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (VDR SNPs) may have different effects on vitamin D status. Hence, present study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D with body mass index (BMI), antipsychotics and VDR SNPs (rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232 and rs731236) in Malaysian patients with schizophrenia. Serum vitamin D level was measured using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. VDR SNPs were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found significantly lower serum vitamin D level in patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.01), especially those taking atypical antipsychotics (p = 0.02) and combined antipsychotics (p = 0.02) and obese (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) patients (p = 0.04) after adjustment for covariates. For VDR SNPs, the CT genotype of rs1544410, CA genotype of rs7975232, and AA and AG genotypes of rs731236 may contribute to the significant decreased serum vitamin D level in patients (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, these relationships may differ by populations or medical conditions. The hypotheses of volumetric dilution and sequestration of vitamin D may explain the lower vitamin D level in obese patients. In addition, lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity with less sunlight exposure may cause reduced vitamin D level among patients. As patients in present study were prescribed with various antipsychotics, the effect of each antipsychotic on vitamin D level could not be determined. Thus, future studies should investigate the effect of different types of antipsychotics and obesity on vitamin D level in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xin Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kok Yoon Chee
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Kien Woon Loh
- Medic Clinic (Family Medicine Specialist Clinic), Jalan Menjalara Idaman, Bandar Menjalara, Kepong, 52200, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abed MN, Alassaf FA, Qazzaz ME. Exploring the Interplay between Vitamin D, Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Skeletal Health. J Bone Metab 2024; 31:75-89. [PMID: 38886966 PMCID: PMC11184154 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2024.31.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (ViD), plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization, is associated with bone mineral density. Severe deficiency in ViD has long been linked to conditions such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, revealing its substantial role in skeletal health. Additionally, investigations show an existing interconnection between ViD and insulin resistance (Ins-R), especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity, in conjunction with Ins-R, may augment the risk of osteoporosis and deterioration of skeletal health. This review aims to examine recent studies on the interplay between ViD, Ins-R, obesity, and their impact on skeletal health, to offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies. Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Pubmed were searched to investigate relevant studies until December 2023. Current research demonstrates ViD's impact on pancreatic β-cell function, systemic inflammation, and insulin action regulation. Our findings highlight an intricate association between ViD, Ins-R, obesity, and skeletal health, providing a perspective for the prevention and/or treatment of skeletal disorders in patients with obesity, Ins-R, and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. Abed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,
Iraq
| | - Fawaz A. Alassaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,
Iraq
| | - Mohannad E. Qazzaz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,
Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giustina A, Bilezikian JP, Adler RA, Banfi G, Bikle DD, Binkley NC, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Brandi ML, Casanueva FF, di Filippo L, Donini LM, Ebeling PR, Fuleihan GEH, Fassio A, Frara S, Jones G, Marcocci C, Martineau AR, Minisola S, Napoli N, Procopio M, Rizzoli R, Schafer AL, Sempos CT, Ulivieri FM, Virtanen JK. Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows. Endocr Rev 2024:bnae009. [PMID: 38676447 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The 6th International Conference, "Controversies in Vitamin D," was convened to discuss controversial topics, such as vitamin D metabolism, assessment, actions, and supplementation. Novel insights into vitamin D mechanisms of action suggest links with conditions that do not depend only on reduced solar exposure or diet intake and that can be detected with distinctive noncanonical vitamin D metabolites. Optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels remain debated. Varying recommendations from different societies arise from evaluating different clinical or public health approaches. The lack of assay standardization also poses challenges in interpreting data from available studies, hindering rational data pooling and meta-analyses. Beyond the well-known skeletal features, interest in vitamin D's extraskeletal effects has led to clinical trials on cancer, cardiovascular risk, respiratory effects, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and mortality. The initial negative results are likely due to enrollment of vitamin D-replete individuals. Subsequent post hoc analyses have suggested, nevertheless, potential benefits in reducing cancer incidence, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular events, and diabetes. Oral administration of vitamin D is the preferred route. Parenteral administration is reserved for specific clinical situations. Cholecalciferol is favored due to safety and minimal monitoring requirements. Calcifediol may be used in certain conditions, while calcitriol should be limited to specific disorders in which the active metabolite is not readily produced in vivo. Further studies are needed to investigate vitamin D effects in relation to the different recommended 25(OH)D levels and the efficacy of the different supplementary formulations in achieving biochemical and clinical outcomes within the multifaced skeletal and extraskeletal potential effects of vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A Adler
- Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milano 20161, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Department of Medicine, University of California and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA 94121-1545, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, University of California and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA 94121-1545, USA
| | - Neil C Binkley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | | | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases (F.I.R.M.O.), Florence 50129, Italy
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario and CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO CC for Metabolic Bone Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Angelo Fassio
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Massimo Procopio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, "Molinette" Hospital, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - René Rizzoli
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of California and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA 94121-1545, USA
| | | | - Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magalhães PM, da Cruz SP, Carneiro OA, Teixeira MT, Ramalho A. Vitamin D Inadequacy and Its Relation to Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Adult Women of Childbearing Age. Nutrients 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732514 PMCID: PMC11085628 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20-49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moreira Magalhães
- Postgraduate Program of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Sabrina Pereira da Cruz
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Orion Araújo Carneiro
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil;
| | - Andréa Ramalho
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chedid P, Sokhn ES. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lebanon: association with inflammatory and infectious clinical markers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2523. [PMID: 38104079 PMCID: PMC10725583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a growing health concern in the Middle East, particularly in countries with high rates of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lebanon and its association with clinical markers of inflammation and infection. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined retrospectively the medical laboratory record of 4093 patients from all Lebanese regions. Prevalence of T2D and its association with age, gender, calcium, vitamin D (VitD), neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The prevalence of infection in a subpopulation of 712 patients tested from blood, body fluid, sputum, swab, tissue, and urine samples and its etiology was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 17% (n = 690) of our participants had T2D, and the mean HbA1c was 5.9% ± 1.2. Age, gender, triglycerides, NLR, and calcemia were significantly associated with T2D. The prevalence of infections in a subgroup of 712 patients was 11.1% (n = 79). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) were the most common cause of infection, with the highest prevalence in the pre-diabetic group. Serum CRP level was significantly higher in the diabetic group than the pre-diabetic and control groups. Diabetic patients also presented a significantly higher percentage of NLR > 3 compared to the pre-diabetic and control groups. CONCLUSION The prevalence of T2D is increasing in the Lebanese population compared to prior reports. These results should be considered to guide effective public health preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Chedid
- Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Salem Sokhn
- Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital-Geitaoui University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palma-Jacinto JA, Santiago-Roque I, Coutiño-Rodríguez MDR, Arroyo-Helguera OE. [Effect of a multivitamin on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a Wistar rat model of induced obesity]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1183-1191. [PMID: 38084629 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by alterations in the inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress, and these variables are associated with insulin resistance and increased glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, vitamins and minerals reinforce the antioxidant and inflammatory capacity, for this reasons we propose that they could contribute to the control of insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of obesity. Objective: to analyze the effect of a multivitamin supplement on markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese rats on a cafeteria diet. Methods: thirty-five 28-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1, standard diet control; 2, standard diet plus multivitamin; 3, obese on a cafeteria diet; and 4, obese on a cafeteria diet plus multivitamin. After the treatments, glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, oxidative stress and lipid profile were analyzed by colorimetric methods, as well as the percentage of adipose tissue, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Results: multivitamin supplementation significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue, HOMA index, glucose, HbA1c, oxidant stress, and inflammatory markers in the obese plus multivitamin rat group, compared with the obese cafeteria diet rat group and the standard diet rat control group. However, the group that was administered only the multivitamin without the cafeteria diet had increased levels of total adipose tissue, glucose, and oxidative stress, as well as the QUICKI index relative to the control group with the standard diet. Conclusion: co-administration of a multivitamin supplement may improve insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism and lipid profile; strengthen antioxidant status; and decrease inflammation during weight gain. However, it was not expected that added sugars in multivitamin supplement can also increase total adipose tissue, oxidative stress and glucose levels, so it is suggested to use sugar-free multivitamins in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Atia T, Abdelzaher MH, Nassar SA, Gafar HH, Husseini MAM, Kaabi AMY, Sakr HI. Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36322. [PMID: 38013283 PMCID: PMC10681583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, glycemic levels, and lipid profiles in individuals with prediabetes and nondiabetes. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 adults who were divided into 2 groups based on the American Diabetes Association classification: nondiabetics and prediabetics. The serum vitamin D levels, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all participants was 30.9%, and mean vitamin D levels were significantly [P = .0004] lower in prediabetics, who were more common in females. Furthermore, prediabetics had significantly higher serum triglycerides [P = .0006], and significantly lower serum high-density lipoprotein levels [P = .0148] than those nondiabetics. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 31.4% of all participants were overweight and 40.2% were obese. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and IR and body mass indices ≥ 25 in prediabetics [r = -0.92] [P < .001]. Finally, vitamin D levels had a significant inverse relationship with glycemic parameters and IR, particularly in obese participants, but there was no significant relationship with lipid profile. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is common in females, regardless of whether they are prediabetics, but is more prevalent in prediabetics. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein levels, but there were no significant changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with both fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, and its deficiency was strongly associated with IR especially in obese patients despite there being no significant correlation with blood lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Abdelzaher
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Somaia A. Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda H. Gafar
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medicine program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alharbi AF, Ali M, Alrefaey YI, Filimban HA, Alhwaity AS, Alamoudi A, Khan MA. Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Body Mass Index Status: A Cross-Sectional Study at King Khalid Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, From 2019 to 2020. Cureus 2023; 15:e46927. [PMID: 38021956 PMCID: PMC10640653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low vitamin D levels have been associated more with overweight and obese people in previous studies. One of the possible explanations behind this association is the lipophilic property of vitamin D that causes the vitamin to deposit in adipose tissue and reduces the serum concentration of the vitamin, which still warrants further evaluation. Objective This study estimated the association between serum vitamin D levels and body mass index (BMI) among male patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of male patients that was carried out in King Khalid Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were included between October 2019 and November 2020. Results We concluded that almost half of the patients, 1,132 (48.3%), had adequate vitamin D, followed by 773 (33%) with vitamin D inadequacy, and only 288 (12.3%) had vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant relationship between age and vitamin D levels; younger people had lower vitamin D levels compared to older people (p<0.001). It was found that there was no significant relationship between BMI categories and vitamin D levels (p>0.05). Conclusion According to the findings of the current study, there was no discernible relationship between serum vitamin D levels and BMI. However, there was a substantial correlation between age and vitamin D levels, with younger age groups having lower amounts than older individuals. Future studies should adopt a prospective design encompassing multiple centers and preferably include the risk factors for developing vitamin D deficiency, such as sun exposure, dietary habits, comorbidities, etc. Such studies can provide a more accurate assessment of the association between BMI and vitamin D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz F Alharbi
- Medical School, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Family Medicine, Royal College of General Practitioners, London, GBR
- Family Medicine, Royal College of Physicians, London, GBR
- Family Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yazeid I Alrefaey
- Urology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hossein A Filimban
- Family Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulrhman S Alhwaity
- Medical School, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmad Alamoudi
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Medical School, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li P, Li K, Yuan W, Xu Y, Li P, Wu R, Han J, Yin Z, Lu L, Gao Y. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 ameliorates insulin resistance by alleviating γδ T cell inflammation via enhancing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 expression. Theranostics 2023; 13:5290-5304. [PMID: 37908738 PMCID: PMC10614678 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation caused by immune cells is the central link between obesity and insulin resistance. Targeting the inflammatory process is a highly promising method for reversing systemic insulin resistance. Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected from 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC). We performed phenotypical and functional analyses of immune cells using flow cytometry. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout γδ T cells were constructed using Cas9-gRNA targeted approaches to identify 1α,25(OH)2D3/VDR signaling pathway-mediated transcriptional regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) in γδ T cells. Results: Serum vitamin D deficiency aggravates inflammation in circulating γδ T cells in type 2 diabetes patients. We defined a critical role for 1α,25(OH)2D3 in regulating glycolysis metabolism, protecting against inflammation, and alleviating insulin resistance. Mechanistically, 1α,25(OH)2D3-VDR promoted FBP1 expression to suppress glycolysis in γδ T cells, thereby inhibiting Akt/p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Notably, therapeutic administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 restrained inflammation in γδ T cells and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance in obese mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that 1α,25(OH)2D3 plays an important role in maintaining γδ T cell homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs, and is a highly promising target for preventing obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingru Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buenaluz-Sedurante M, Bruno R, Dagang DJ, Isaiah Co M, Tee M. Association Between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Testosterone in Healthy, Non-Obese, Young Adult, Filipino Men. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2023; 38:71-76. [PMID: 38045666 PMCID: PMC10692406 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study seeks to determine the association between vitamin D and testosterone in healthy, adult Filipino males. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 110 healthy, non-obese, male volunteers aged 21-40. History and physical exam were taken, and blood was drawn for vitamin D, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), albumin, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated. Vitamin D data were classified by status and TT, FT, and SHBG levels compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The associations of vitamin D levels with TT, FT, and SHBG were explored using multiple regression analysis. Results Vitamin D levels were sufficient in 3 (2.7%), insufficient in 17 (15.45%), and deficient in 90 (81.8%) of the sample. There were no significant differences in the mean TT (p = 0.7981), FT (p = 0.8768), nor SHBG (p = 0.1838) across vitamin D status. Vitamin D was not associated with TT nor FT before or after adjustment for age and age plus body mass index (BMI). Vitamin D was associated with SHBG before and after the aforementioned adjustments, but this became insignificant on sensitivity analysis. Conclusion There is no association between vitamin D and TT, FT nor SHBG in our cohort with deficient vitamin D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Buenaluz-Sedurante
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Racquel Bruno
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Daryl Jade Dagang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Mark Isaiah Co
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| | - Michael Tee
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Md Isa Z, Amsah N, Ahmad N. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2310. [PMID: 37242192 PMCID: PMC10223393 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are public health concerns that have contributed to multiple negative health outcomes. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency influence glycaemic control and the development of diabetes complications. The goal of this systematic review is to summarise the latest evidence on the impact of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency on the outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this PRISMA-guided systematic review, articles were sourced from three databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review only included literature published from 2012 until 2022, and 33 eligible studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included articles were critically appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). According to our findings, vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is associated with mental health status, macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM, metabolic syndrome, increased risk of obesity, increased blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, glycaemic control, nerve-related disease, musculoskeletal-related complications, and reduced quality of life. Due to the diverse implications of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, screening for vitamin D levels in T2DM patients may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elmi ZAI, Sighakoli S, Tetteh J, Zand N. Case-control study of serum vitamin D concentrations in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and hospitalised controls suffering with respiratory tract infections of differing aetiology. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:14-20. [PMID: 37559957 PMCID: PMC10407350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the prevalence of low serum vitamin D in patients admitted with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) such as COVID-19. This study investigated whether patients with COVID-19 had lower serum vitamin D compared with patients with ARTIs of other aetiology. A case-control study was performed with cases of COVID-19 and controls of non-COVID-19 ARTIs. Patients were enrolled from a single general medical ward in a secondary care hospital between 15 April 2020 and 15 May 2020. Exclusion criteria were an oxygen requirement of >8 L/min. Data collected included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, venous plasma glucose concentration and heamoglobin A1c. Outcomes measured were length of hospital stay, deaths, the need for high dependency and intensive care unit involvement. A total of 60 patients of five ethnic groups were enrolled, 85% (n=46) were of White-British ethnicity. The data analysis is based on these 46 patients of which 24 were non-COVID-19 patients with ARTI and 22 were patients with COVID-19. Overall, 80% of the study population had a serum vitamin D concentration below 50 nmol/L with median concentrations of 30 nmol/L and 35 nmol/L for patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARTIs respectively. A Mann-Whitney sign-ranked test with respect to serum vitamin D concentration found no statistically significant difference between cases and controls, p=0.09. There was no significant difference in the length of stay, body mass index and rates of various comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and lung disease in both study groups. However, DM was found to be associated with lower serum vitamin D concentrations. The results of this study support published literature showing an association between low serum vitamin D and ARTIs including COVID-19. However, this study did not identify patients with COVID-19 to have a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration than non-COVID-19 patients with ARTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer Sighakoli
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
| | - John Tetteh
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Nazanin Zand
- Department of Food and Market, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsitsou S, Dimosthenopoulos C, Eleftheriadou I, Andrianesis V, Tentolouris N. Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023; 22:27-35. [PMID: 33390083 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620984584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D levels have been associated with several diseases as its receptors are expressed in almost all tissues of the human body. Literature data have shown delayed diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing in patients with low vitamin D; however, data on the association between vitamin D levels and DFU in Mediterranean countries are scarce. In this cross-sectional study we examined for differences in serum vitamin D levels between patients with DFU, people with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DFU and healthy individuals in a Southern European country. A total of 96 subjects (33 patients with DFU, 35 patients without DFU and 28 healthy controls) were recruited. Medical and dietary history was obtained and total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were determined. Serum vitamin D levels differed significantly among the three groups of participants; sub-analysis showed that healthy individuals had higher vitamin D levels when compared with patients with and without DFU, while vitamin D levels did not differ between patients with and without DFU (17.9 ± 6.7 vs. 19.8 ± 8.7 ng/mL, P = 0.329, respectively). More than half of patients with DM with or without DFU had vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml. A positive correlation was found between vitamin D and sun exposure duration in participants without DFU. In conclusion, although serum vitamin D levels did not differ between people with and without DFU, the prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency was high in both groups in a Mediterranean country. This finding highlights the need for screening and supplementation with vitamin D in individuals with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Andrianesis
- Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with spinal cord injury at admission: a single-centred study in the UK. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e24. [PMID: 36843972 PMCID: PMC9947757 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and has been implicated as an aetiologic factor of osteoporosis and various skeletal and extra-skeletal issues in SCI patients. Few data were available regarding vitamin D status in patients with acute SCI or immediately assessed at hospital admission. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated vitamin D status in SCI patients at admission to a UK SCI centre in January-December 2017. A total of 196 eligible patients with serum 25(OH)D concentration records at admission were recruited. The results found that 24 % were vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l), 57 % of the patients had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. The male patients, patients admitted in the winter-spring time (December-May), and patients with serum sodium < 135 mmol/l or with non-traumatic causes had a significant higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than their counterparts (28 % males v. 11⋅8 % females, P = 0⋅02; 30⋅2 % in winter-spring v. 12⋅9 % in summer-autumn, P = 0⋅007; 32⋅1 % non-traumatic v. 17⋅6 % traumatic SCI, P = 0⋅03; 38⋅9 % low serum sodium v. 18⋅8 % normal serum sodium, P = 0⋅010). There was a significant inverse association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0⋅311, P = 0⋅002), serum total cholesterol (r = -0⋅168, P = 0⋅04) and creatinine concentrations (r = -0⋅162, P = 0⋅02) that were also significant predictors of serum 25(OH)D concentration. Strategies for systematic screening and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in SCI patients need to be implemented and further investigated to prevent the vitamin D deficiency-related chronic complications.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamada C, Kuwabara A, Sakai Y, Okuno C, Mine A, Misaki S, Nishikawa T, Inoue N, Kishimoto N, Nishizaki Y. Usefulness of Vitamin D Deficiency Questionnaire for Japanese (VDDQ-J) for Screening of Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Muscle Mass in Relatively Healthy Japanese Anti-Aging Health Checkup Examinees. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:435-443. [PMID: 38171816 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Vitamin D Deficiency Questionnaire for Japanese (VDDQ-J) has been developed as an alternative indicator of the vitamin D nutritional status when serum 25(OH)D measurement is unavailable. In the present study, we compared the usefulness of the VDDQ-J with that of serum 25(OH)D concentration and examined the relationship among vitamin D, DXA-based body composition, and muscle strength in 163 anti-aging health check examinees. The median age, 25(OH)D concentration and VDDQ-J score were 62.0 y, 20.1 ng/mL and 22.0 points, respectively. In total, 47.9% of the subjects had serum 25(OH)D concentrations of <20 ng/mL. The VDDQ-J score was significantly negatively correlated with the serum 25(OH)D concentration, and the positive predictive value for vitamin D deficiency was 86.3%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.1%. Low 25(OH)D levels and high VDDQ-J scores were significantly associated with low muscle mass in both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The serum 25(OH)D level showed a significant negative correlation with body fat mass. The VDDQ-J score was selected as a significant determinant of low skeletal muscle mass index (<7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.4 kg/m2 for women) by a multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, the present study showed that a low vitamin D nutritional status as indicated by both low 25(OH)D levels, and high VDDQ-J scores was associated with low muscle mass and the VDDQ-J is considered useful not only for the detection of vitamin D deficiency but also in the screening of individuals with low muscle mass and a high risk of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
| | - Akiko Kuwabara
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Yurina Sakai
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chiori Okuno
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Akina Mine
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nagamu Inoue
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong H, Asmolovaite V, Farnaud S, Renshaw D. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy aging people: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005786. [PMID: 36386950 PMCID: PMC9664161 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Designed as a randomized controlled trial, 21 participants (55-85 years) completed the study during May-November 2018 in Coventry, England. The participants were randomized into vitamin D or the control group, stratified by age, gender and body mass index. The vitamin D group (n = 12) took vitamin D3 tablets of 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks plus vitamin D education leaflet, while the control group (n = 9) were only provided with the leaflet. At baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, plasma 25(OH)D levels and immunological and metabolic parameters including phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, lymphocyte subsets and fasting blood glucose and lipid were measured. Dietary vitamin D intake was analyzed at baseline and week 12. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS At baseline, 42.9% of the participants were vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L), only 10% achieved a level of 25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L. Overweight/obese participants (n = 9) had significantly lower mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration (22.3 ± 8.7 nmol/L) than normal weight participants (48.1 ± 34.3 nmol/L) (P = 0.043). There was a significant increase in plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group compared with that in control group (P = 0.002) during the intervention period. The plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group was increased at 6 weeks (from 38.4 ± 37.0 nmol/L at baseline to 51.0 ± 38.2 nmol/L) with little change observed between 6 and 12 weeks (51.8 ± 36.4 nmol/L). The plasma creatinine concentration in vitamin D group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P = 0.036) (79.8 ± 7.0 μmol/L at baseline vs 75.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L at week 12). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was determined on immunological parameters. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common among the aging population in the UK even during the summertime. Vitamin D supplementation at 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma 25(OH)D concentration but showed no effect on metabolic and immunological parameters except decreased plasma creatinine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Honglin Dong,
| | | | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin X, Chen JY, Huang XJ, Lai JH, Huang C, Yao W, Li NX, Huang WC, Guo XG. Association between vitamin D serum levels and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR among non-diabetic adults in the United States: Results from NHANES 2007-2014. Front Nutr 2022; 9:883904. [PMID: 36313112 PMCID: PMC9614433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.883904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a pathological response to insulin hormone in insulin-dependent cells, is characterized by the presence of high glucose and insulin concentrations. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is one of the most used indexes to estimate insulin resistance by assessing the fasting glucose and insulin levels. An association was observed between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance, which varied in different ethnic groups, and there is some evidence that vitamin D supplementation could contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance. This study assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and HOMA-IR in American adults aged 20 years and older, without diabetes and other chronic diseases that can influence insulin resistance. The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 were used by exploiting the free and publicly-accessible web datasets. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HOMA-IR, and a negative association was observed, which remained significant following the adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, the season of examination, current smoking, hypertension, the use of drugs which can influence insulin resistance, serum bicarbonates, triglycerides, and calcium and phosphorus levels. Only in non-Hispanic Blacks was this inverse association between vitamin D and HOMA-IR not observed in the fully adjusted model. Further studies are needed to explain the mechanisms of the observed ethnic/racial differences in the association of vitamin D levels with HOMA-IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Xi Li
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, The Mental Health College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xu-Guang Guo
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194148. [PMID: 36235800 PMCID: PMC9573415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, both the prescriptions of serum 25(OH)D levels assay, and vitamin D supplementation are constantly increasing, as well as the costs to be incurred relating to these specific aspects. As in many other countries, the risk of vitamin D deficiency is particularly high in Italy, as recently confirmed by cohort studies in the general population as well as in patients with metabolic bone disorder. Results confirmed the North-South gradient of vitamin D levels described among European countries, despite the wide use of supplements. Although vitamin D supplementation is also recommended by the Italian Medicine Agency for patients at risk for fragility fracture or for initiating osteoporotic medication, the therapeutic gap for osteoporosis in Italy is very high. There is a consistent proportion of osteoporotic patients not receiving specific therapy for osteoporosis following a fragility fracture, with a poor adherence to the recommendations provided by national guidelines and position paper documents. The failure or inadequate supplementation with vitamin D in patients on antiresorptive or anabolic treatment for osteoporosis is thought to further amplify the problem and exposes patients to a high risk of re-fracture and mortality. Therefore, it is important that attention to its possible clinical consequences must be given. Thus, in light of new evidence from the literature, the SIOMMMS board felt the need to revise and update, by a GRADE/PICO system approach, its previous original recommendations about the definition, prevention, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults, released in 2011. Several key points have been here addressed, such as the definition of the vitamin D status: normality values and optimal values; who are the subjects considered at risk of hypovitaminosis D; opportunity or not of performing the biochemical assessment of serum 25(OH)D levels in general population and in subjects at risk of hypovitaminosis D; the need or not to evaluate baseline serum 25(OH)D in candidate subjects for pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis; how and whether to supplement vitamin D subjects with hypovitaminosis D or candidates for pharmacological treatment with bone active agents, and the general population; how and whether to supplement vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and/or chronic liver diseases or under treatment with drugs interfering with hepatic metabolism; and finally, if vitamin D may have toxic effects in the subject in need of supplementation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karampela I, Vallianou N, Magkos F, Apovian CM, Dalamaga M. Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19: the Bermuda Triangle in Public Health. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:116-125. [PMID: 35391661 PMCID: PMC8989103 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health to a significant extent by markedly increasing morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that obesity and hypovitaminosis D constitute important risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity of disease, and poor outcomes. Due to their high prevalence globally, obesity and hypovitaminosis D are considered pandemics. This review presents current epidemiologic and genetic data linking obesity, hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19, highlighting the importance of the convergence of three pandemics and their impact on public health. We also briefly summarize potential mechanisms that could explain these links. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiologic data have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for COVID-19, severe disease and death, and genetic evidence has suggested a causal association between obesity-related traits and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Additionally, obesity is independently associated with hypovitaminosis D, which is highly prevalent in subjects with obesity. Hypovitaminosis D is independently associated with a higher risk for COVID-19, severity, hospitalization, infectious complications, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and poor outcomes. However, genome-wide association studies have not revealed any causal association between vitamin D levels and the risk for COVID-19, while there is no robust evidence for a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiologic impact of obesity and hypovitaminosis D is emphasized. Efforts to increase public awareness and reinforce preventive and therapeutic measures against obesity and hypovitaminosis D are strongly required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 4329Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou St., 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muscogiuri G, Poggiogalle E, Barrea L, Tarsitano MG, Garifalos F, Liccardi A, Pugliese G, Savastano S, Colao A. Exposure to artificial light at night: A common link for obesity and cancer? Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:263-275. [PMID: 35940056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) has been associated with disruption of the circadian system, which has been pointed out to have detrimental effects on health. Exposure to outdoor ALAN is very frequent in industrialised countries due to nocturnal light pollution and the relevant involvement of the total workforce in shift work and night work. Ecological and epidemiologic studies highlight the association between exposure to ALAN and several diseases, mainly obesity and cancer. More recently, also indoor ALAN exposure has been investigated. Among several multifactorial mechanisms linking ALAN exposure and health risks, suppression of melatonin secretion plays a pivotal role leading to alterations in circadian rhythm patterns, that are detrimental in terms of appetite regulation, and dysfunctions in metabolic signalling and cell growth in cancer. In addition, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, hypovitaminosis D, imbalance in cytokine secretion and levels are responsible for the multiple relationship linking circadian dysregulation due to ALAN exposure and obesity, and cancer. Therefore, the current manuscript summarises human and basic studies pointing out the impact of ALAN exposure on health, mostly focusing on obesity and cancer. Based on extant evidence, prevention strategies for obesity and cancer should be prompted, targeting exposure to ALAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria G Tarsitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garifalos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vitamin D, Vitamin D-Binding Proteins, and VDR Polymorphisms in Individuals with Hyperglycaemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153147. [PMID: 35956323 PMCID: PMC9370481 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D reportedly plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus; however, this role is unclear and debated. This study investigated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D, vitamin D-binding proteins, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in healthy individuals and those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) from South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving subjects of mixed ancestry aged ≥20 years. Males presented with higher mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels than females, while females exhibited significantly higher serum vitamin D-binding protein levels. Significant differences in mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels were observed in normo-glycaemic, prediabetes, screen-detected DM, and known DM individuals. Vitamin D receptor SNPs Fok1 and Taq1 were not associated with glycaemic status. Fok1 was not associated with 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, while Taq1 was associated with vitamin D insufficiency. This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in this South African population, with decreased vitamin D levels observed in hyperglycaemic individuals, which was not linked to either vitamin D-binding protein or polymorphisms in Fok1 of the VDR gene. These results may be used as a platform for further research into diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycaemia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kauser H, Palakeel JJ, Ali M, Chaduvula P, Chhabra S, Lamsal Lamichhane S, Ramesh V, Opara CO, Khan FY, Kabiraj G, Mohammed L. Factors Showing the Growing Relation Between Vitamin D, Metabolic Syndrome, and Obesity in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27335. [PMID: 36043008 PMCID: PMC9411819 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several theories suggest an inverse association between increasing adiposity, particularly abdominal fat, and low vitamin D levels. As a result, several routes are likely to impact how vitamin D, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) interact. This systematic study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. A comprehensive PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect database search was conducted for published papers over the previous five years. Studies were identified using the following criteria 1) participants, interventions, and outcomes (PIO) components, 2) free full text, 3) studies published in English, and 4) human studies, including systematic and narrative reviews and cross-sectional, observational studies, were among the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 151 articles were returned, and 16 duplicates were rejected. After verifying the titles and abstracts of these records using the review's PIO components and eligibility criteria, 17 received a 70% or above score. On review of the literature, the release of adiponectin from fatty tissues was inversely correlated with body weight and BMI suggesting a link between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vitamin D and Visceral Obesity in Humans: What Should Clinicians Know? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153075. [PMID: 35893929 PMCID: PMC9332747 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraskeletal effect of vitamin D on adipose tissue biology and modulation in human obesity is of great interest and has been extensively investigated. Current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies in human adipose tissue suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D are evident and consistent, whereas the effects of vitamin D on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and energy metabolism and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on adipokine levels are inconclusive. Interventional studies related to medical and surgical weight loss in humans have shown small or no improvement in vitamin D status. Additionally, the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for the reduction in visceral adipose tissue has only been demonstrated in a few studies. Overall, the findings on the relationship between vitamin D and visceral adipose tissue in humans are still inconclusive. Further studies are required to confirm the beneficial effects of vitamin D on ameliorating adipose tissue dysfunction.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao H, Zhang M, Zhen Y, Tang Y. The Relationships Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes but No Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5591-5598. [PMID: 35712058 PMCID: PMC9192782 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationships between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but no diabetic nephropathy. Patients and Methods Patients with T2DM were recruited at Hebei General Hospital in China. The participants were allocated to three groups: an HbA1c <7% group, an HbA1c 7%–9% group, and an HbA1c ≥9% group. Their general characteristics, biochemical indices, and BTM concentrations were recorded. Results The ages of the HbA1c <7% group and the HbA1c 7%–9% group were significantly higher than that of the HbA1c ≥9% group (P<0.05). The prevalence of a history of hypertension in the HbA1c 7%–9% group was significantly higher than that in the HbA1c ≥9% group. The circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in the HbA1c ≥9% group and the apolipoprotein B concentration in the HbA1c 7%–9% group were significantly higher than those in the HbA1c <7% group (P<0.05). Compared with that in the HbA1c <7% group, the circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was significantly lower in the HbA1c ≥9% group (P<0.05). Additionally, the circulating 25OHD and osteocalcin (OC) concentrations negatively correlated with HbA1c (P<0.05). Conclusion An increase in HbA1c is associated with gradual decreases in the circulating concentrations of 25OHD and OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhen
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bishop CW, Strugnell SA, Csomor P, Kaiser E, Ashfaq A. Extended-Release Calcifediol Effectively Raises Serum Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Even in Overweight Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:446-454. [PMID: 35551374 PMCID: PMC9393814 DOI: 10.1159/000524289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity increases the risk of vitamin D insufficiency, which exacerbates secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. Recent studies suggest that serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels of ≥50 ng/mL are necessary to produce significant reductions in elevated parathyroid hormone levels in nondialysis patients. Data from real-world and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving these patients were examined for (1) relationships between vitamin D treatments and the achieved levels of serum 25OHD and between serum 25OHD and body weight (BW)/body mass index (BMI); and (2) the impact of BW/BMI on achieving serum 25OHD levels ≥50 ng/mL with extended-release calcifediol (ERC) treatment or vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol). METHODS Data obtained from nondialysis patients participating in two real-world studies, one conducted in Europe (Study 1) and the other (Study 2) in the USA, and in two US RCTs (Studies 3 and 4) were analyzed for serum 25OHD outcomes after treatment with ERC, vitamin D supplements, or placebo. RESULTS More than 50% of subjects treated with vitamin D supplements in both real-world studies (Studies 1 and 2) failed to achieve serum 25OHD levels ≥30 ng/mL, a level widely viewed by nephrologists as the threshold of adequacy; only 7.3-7.5% of subjects achieved levels ≥50 ng/mL. Data from the European study (Study 1) showed that serum 25OHD levels had significant and nearly identical inverse relationships with BW and BMI, indicating that high BW or BMI thwarts the ability of vitamin D supplements to raise serum 25OHD. One RCT (Study 3) showed that 8 weeks of ERC treatment (60 μg/day) raised serum 25OHD levels to ≥30 and 50 ng/mL in all subjects, regardless of BW, while cholecalciferol (300,000 IU/month) raised serum 25OHD to these thresholds in 56% and 0% of subjects, respectively. The other RCT (Study 4) showed that ERC treatment (30 or 60 μg/day) successfully raised mean serum 25OHD levels to at least 50 ng/mL for subjects in all BW categories, whereas no increases were observed with placebo treatment. CONCLUSION Real-world studies conducted in Europe and USA in nondialysis patients (Studies 1 and 2) showed that vitamin D supplements (cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol) were unreliable in raising serum total 25OHD to targets of 30 or 50 ng/mL. In contrast, ERC was demonstrated to be effective in one real-world study (Study 2) and two RCTs (Studies 3 and 4) conducted in US nondialysis patients in raising serum 25OHD to these targeted levels irrespective of BW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Akhtar Ashfaq
- Renal Division, OPKO Health, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gong T, Di H, Han X, Hu X, Liu C, Chen G. Vitamin D is negatively associated with triglyceride in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2022; 76:304-311. [PMID: 35247144 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D has been identified to have a relation to the development of insulin resistance-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is often associated with obesity and dyslipidemia. Our study aimed to analyze the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile in patients with T2D. METHODS A total of 446 T2D patients who were hospitalized from January 2015 to December 2016 were recruited. Baseline characteristics were recorded, including body mass index (BMI), serum level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), and other biochemical indicators. T2D patients were divided into normal-weight group and overweight/obese group according to their BMI. Subgroup analysis was conducted after patients were subdivided using the quartet-method according to serum level of 25(OH)D. Differences in glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were analyzed. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D and lipid profiles was assessed by the multiple linear regression. RESULTS The levels of serum 25(OH)D and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in T2D patients of overweight/obesity group were significantly lower than those in normal-weight group, while the levels of triglyceride (TG) and HOMA-IR were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis uncovered that total cholesterol (TC) and TG levels were lower with higher 25(OH)D in normal weight T2D patients. In overweight/obese T2D patients, TG level was lower in patients with higher 25(OH)D (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), and hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) among Q1-Q4 in both normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Pearson test showed that serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and negatively correlated with TC and TG. Serum 25(OH)D was unrelated to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in both groups. Multiple linear regression analysis only demonstrated an independent negative correlation between 25(OH)D and TG levels in the overweight/obese group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In overweight/obese patients with T2D, serum 25(OH)D was independently, negatively correlated with TG. Vitamin D supplementation should be guaranteed in patients with diabetes, especially with obese T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210019, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Hongjie Di
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The association between vitamin D levels and caries experience in children and youth participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016. J Am Dent Assoc 2022; 153:848-858.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
The relationship between dynapenia and vitamin D level in geriatric women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. North Clin Istanb 2022; 9:64-73. [PMID: 35340314 PMCID: PMC8889215 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2021.28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we examined the possible relationship between dynapenia and vitamin D (VD) levels in geriatric women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods One hundred and twenty-two geriatric female patients aged 65-80 years with a diagnosis of T2DM were included in this prospective study. Physical examinations of the patients were performed, and biochemical tests were analyzed. The muscle strength of the patients was measured with a hand dynamometer. Dynapenia was defined as low grip strength with normal skeletal muscle mass index. In muscle strength measurements, for female patients, over 20 kg was accepted as normal and below 20 kg as decreased muscle strength. Patients were separated into three groups as <10 ng/ml, 10-30 ng/ml, and >30 ng/ml according to VD levels; according to the status of dynapenia, they were divided into two groups as dynapenic and non-dynapenic. By comparing all these parameters between these groups, the relationship between VD level and dynapenia was evaluated. In statistical analysis, significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results While 54 of the patients (44.3%) met the dynapenia criterion, 68 patients (55.7%) were non-dynapenic. Patients were first compared according to their dynapenia status. VD level was significantly lower in the dynapenic group (p<0.05). In the correlation analysis, a moderate positive correlation was found between muscle strength and VD (p=0.033, r: 0.23). The patients were then compared according to the VD groups. In the VD insufficient group, muscle strength (p=0.015), body mass index (p=0.025), systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.01) were statistically significantly higher. Conclusion In the present study, we found a considerable relationship between VD levels and dynapenia in geriatric women with T2DM.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nazario CM, Rosario-Rosado RV, Schelske-Santos M, Mansilla-Rivera I, Ramírez-Marrero FA, Nie J, Piovanetti-Fiol P, Hernández-Santiago J, Freudenheim JL. Sun Exposure Is Associated with Reduced Breast Cancer Risk among Women Living in the Caribbean: The Atabey Study in Puerto Rico. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:430-435. [PMID: 34810207 PMCID: PMC9190767 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though inconsistent, there is evidence that sun exposure is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Previous studies have been conducted in geographical regions with seasonal variation in UV radiation, including periods of low to no exposure, and among participants mostly of European descent. Puerto Rico has no significant seasonal fluctuation, with continuous exposure to very high UV radiation. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among women in metropolitan San Juan, Puerto Rico, examining a cumulative sun exposure index (SEI) based on a comparison of reflectance of sun-exposed and non-exposed skin. A chromameter was used to measure skin reflectance and estimate the difference between constitutive (unexposed) and facultative (exposed) skin pigmentation in 307 cases and 328 controls. Breast cancer risk factors were ascertained with interviewer-administered questionnaires. OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Adjusted breast cancer odds were lower for the highest tertile of the SEI (ORadj = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74). Results were similar within strata of estrogen receptor status. In analyses stratified by constitutive skin pigmentation, among participants with darker skin color, breast cancer risk was lower with more sun exposure (ORadj = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70). CONCLUSIONS We found lower risk of breast cancer associated with greater sun exposure in a population living with high, continuous sun exposure. This beneficial finding should be placed in the context of other effects of sun exposure. IMPACT Sun exposure is a modifiable factor that may contribute, directly or indirectly, to lower breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cruz M. Nazario
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Rosa V. Rosario-Rosado
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Imar Mansilla-Rivera
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Jing Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Paola Piovanetti-Fiol
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Johan Hernández-Santiago
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Jo L. Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Isgin-Atici K, Alathari BE, Turan-Demirci B, Sendur SN, Lay I, Ellahi B, Alikasifoglu M, Erbas T, Buyuktuncer Z, Vimaleswaran KS. Interaction between Dietary Fat Intake and Metabolic Genetic Risk Score on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in a Turkish Adult Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:382. [PMID: 35057563 PMCID: PMC8778439 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have pointed out a link between vitamin D status and metabolic traits, however, consistent evidence has not been provided yet. This cross-sectional study has used a nutrigenetic approach to investigate the interaction between metabolic-genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary intake on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in 396 unrelated Turkish adults, aged 24-50 years. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in those with a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele than those with a metabolic-GRS < 1 risk allele (p = 0.020). A significant interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake (energy%) on serum 25(OH)D levels was identified (Pinteraction = 0.040). Participants carrying a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele and consuming a high fat diet (≥38% of energy = 122.3 ± 52.51 g/day) had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.006) in comparison to those consuming a low-fat diet (<38% of energy = 82.5 ± 37.36 g/d). In conclusion, our study suggests a novel interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake on serum 25(OH)D level, which emphasises that following the current dietary fat intake recommendation (<35% total fat) could be important in reducing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this Turkish population. Nevertheless, further larger studies are needed to verify this interaction, before implementing personalized dietary recommendations for the maintenance of optimal vitamin D status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Isgin-Atici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (K.I.-A.); (B.T.-D.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05000, Turkey
| | - Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - Busra Turan-Demirci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (K.I.-A.); (B.T.-D.)
| | - Suleyman Nahit Sendur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (S.N.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4DS, UK;
| | - Mehmet Alikasifoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
- Genetics Diagnostic Centre, DAMAGEN, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (S.N.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (K.I.-A.); (B.T.-D.)
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
AlAnouti F, Ahmad AS, Wareth LA, Dhaheri AA, Oulhaj A, Junaibi AA, Naeemi AA, Hamiz AA, Hosani AA, Zaabi EA, Mezhal F, Maskari FA, Alsafar H, Yaaqoub J, Bastaki MA, Houqani MA, Oumeziane N, Juber NF, Sherman S, Shah SM, Alsharid T, Zaabi TA, Loney T, Mahmeed WA, Abdulle A, Ali R. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, body mass index and body fat composition among Emirati population: Results from the UAE healthy future study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954300. [PMID: 36299461 PMCID: PMC9589411 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent among several populations across the globe. Numerous studies have shown a significant correlation between body-mass-index (BMI) and Vitamin D status, however, some results differed according to ethnicity. Despite the abundance of sunshine throughout the year, vitamin D deficiency is prominent in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this study, we analyzed the UAE Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS) pilot data to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and % body fat (BF) composition as well as BMI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from a total of 399 Emirati men and women aged ≥ 18 years were analyzed. Serum 25(OH)D and standard measures of weight and height were included in the analyses. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration<20 ng/ml. Multivariate quantile regression models were performed to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and % BF composition and BMI correspondingly. RESULTS There were 281 (70.4%) males and 118 (29.6%) females included in this study. More than half of the study participants had vitamin D insufficiency (52.4%), and nearly a third had vitamin D deficiency (30.3%); while only 17.3% had optimal levels. A statistically significant negative association between serum 25(OH) D levels and % BF composition was observed at intermediate percentiles while a statistically significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D and BMI was only observed at the median (50th percentile). CONCLUSION The study findings support the association between low serum 25(OH) D levels (low vitamin D status) and high % BF composition and high BMI among adult Emiratis. Further longitudinal data from the prospective UAEHFS could better elucidate the relationship between serum 25(OH) D levels, % BF composition, and BMI in the context of various health outcomes among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatme AlAnouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Fatme Al Anouti,
| | - Amar Sabri Ahmad
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abi Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Al Junaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Al Naeemi
- Department of Cardiology, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aisha Al Hamiz
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Al Hosani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiman Al Zaabi
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Mezhal
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamila Yaaqoub
- Abu Dhabi Police Health Service, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marina Al Bastaki
- Abu Dhabi Blood Bank Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Al Houqani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naima Oumeziane
- Abu Dhabi Blood Bank Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nirmin F. Juber
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Scott Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Syed M. Shah
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teeb Alsharid
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thekra Al Zaabi
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Zayed Military Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Council, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Damas-Fuentes M, Boughanem H, Molina-Vega M, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-García JC, Macías-González M. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels association through body mass index: A cross-sectional study of young men with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:960222. [PMID: 36120442 PMCID: PMC9478588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Vitamin D and testosterone deficiency have been widely related to obesity. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of vitamin D on testosterone in the context of obesity, in which controversial results have been raised. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and testosterone levels in young men with different grade of obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 269 healthy young men with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2). Participants were divided into two groups based on their serum 25(OH)D levels (134 subjects with vitamin D sufficiency and 135 participants with vitamin D deficiency, according to the 50th percentile of 25(OH)D). Serum 25(OH)D and sex hormones have been measured. The relationships between 25(OH)D, sex hormones, and obesity grades were investigated with linear and binary logistic regression analyses, as well as mediation analysis. RESULTS Compared to the 25(OH)D sufficiency group, total and free testosterone levels were found to be decreased, whereas serum androstenedione levels were increased in the 25(OH)D deficiency group (p<0.05). Using multivariable lineal regression analyses, 25(OH)D was correlated with the majority of sex hormones (p<0.05). When mediation with BMI was performed, the direct effect between 25(OH)D and sex hormones disappeared, and only the indirect effect via BMI remained (demonstrating the importance of BMI). Furthermore, after controlling for age and smoking status, we discovered that total testosterone and SHBG were both significantly associated with 25(OH)D (p<0.05) in subjects with obesity type III. Using a mediation analysis, we discovered that BMI had a partial effect on the association between 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels in morbidly obese participants, indicating that a direct association between 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels, and that BMI partially mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D is associated with total testosterone levels in only those subjects with morbid obesity, suggesting a specific benefit in severe cases of obesity. Additional research is needed to elucidate possible common mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Damas-Fuentes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; José C. Fernández-García,
| | - José C. Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; José C. Fernández-García,
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Revised (2021) Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency and Rickets. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Inversely Associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124358. [PMID: 34959910 PMCID: PMC8705502 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to comprehensively assess the association of the concentration of vitamin D in the blood and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. The objective was to pool the results from all observational studies from the beginning of 1980 to August 2021. PubMed, Medline and Embase were systematically searched for the observational studies. Filters were used for more focused results. A total of 2248 articles were found after raw search which were narrowed down to 32 articles by the systematic selection of related articles. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR) was used as the measure of insulin resistance and correlation coefficient was used as a measure of the relationship between vitamin D levels and the insulin resistance. Risk of bias tables and summary plots were built using Revman software version 5.3 while Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 was used for the construction of forest plot. The results showed an inverse association between the status of vitamin D and insulin resistance (r = -0.217; 95% CI = -0.161 to -0.272; p = 0.000). A supplement of vitamin D can help reduce the risk of insulin resistance; however further studies, like randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.
Collapse
|
35
|
Girard E, Nacher M, Bukasa-Kakamba J, Fahrasmane A, Adenis A, Massicard M, Drak Alsibai K, De Toffol B, Bekima R, Thelusme L, Okambabelle D, Demar M, Aurelus JM, Sabbah N. Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Relation with Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124302. [PMID: 34959854 PMCID: PMC8707589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency is common among patients with diabetes in French Guiana. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD deficiency in the different type of diabetes encountered and to analyze the relationship between VD deficiency and diabetes complications. Methods: An observational study was conducted between May 2019 and May 2020 in French Guiana, based on data from the CODIAM study (Diabetes Cohort in French Amazonia), describing the characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus. Among 600 patients enrolled with diabetes, 361 had an available VD assay. Results: The mean 25(OH)VD (hydroxycalciferol) level was 27.9 ng/mL. The level of VD was inversely proportional to the HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) level. Patients with angina pectoris had a greater proportion of deficiencies VD < 20 ng/mL than those without angina. By contrast, patients with retinopathy had higher vitamin D concentrations than those without retinopathy. There was no association between vitamin D and arteriopathy, stroke, nephropathy and polyneuropathy. VD deficiency was more frequent in women, and in patients with a high school education. Conclusion: The prevalence of VD deficiency was high in patients with diabetes in French Guiana, emphasizing the importance of VD supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Girard
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (M.N.); (A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - John Bukasa-Kakamba
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Aniza Fahrasmane
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (M.N.); (A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (M.N.); (A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Mickael Massicard
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Department of Pathology and Center of Biological Resources (CRB Amazonie), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana;
| | - Bertrand De Toffol
- Department of Neurology Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana;
| | - Raissa Bekima
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Liliane Thelusme
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Diana Okambabelle
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology (LHUPM), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana;
- EA3593, Amazon Ecosystems and Tropical Diseases, University of Guiana, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean M. Aurelus
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Cayenne Hospital Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (E.G.); (J.B.-K.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.T.); (D.O.); (J.M.A.)
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana; (M.N.); (A.F.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +594-594395276; Fax: +594-594394805
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao Y, Zhao W, Hao Q, Ge M, Zhang Y, Hu F, Lu Y, Zhou L, Liu X, Dong B. Vitamin D status and obesity markers in older adults: results from West China Health and Aging Trends study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:528. [PMID: 34620118 PMCID: PMC8496024 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in older adults seems to be common, but the prevalence estimates are lacking in West China. Previous studies suggested that low vitamin D status was associated with obesity. However, most of them evaluated obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and there are no studies at present exploring the association between vitamin D status and different obesity markers. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of low vitamin D status and evaluate the association between the vitamin D status and different obesity markers among older adults in West China. Methods Data was based on the baseline of West China Health and Aging Trends study (WCHAT). All of the participants were older than 60 years old in the present study. Vitamin D status was based on laboratory data, and obesity markers were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the InBody 770 analyzer. Multiple linear regression was performed to find the association between the vitamin D status and various obesity markers. Results The study included 2661 individuals (mean age: 67.7 ± 6.0 years; males: 41 %). The mean vitamin D level was 18.8 ± 6.3 ng/ml (range: 5 to 59 ng/ml); 5.2 % of participants had a sufficient level of vitamin D, 31.8 % had vitamin D insufficiency, and 63.0 % had vitamin D deficiency. Our results showed that vitamin D status was negatively associated with fat mass index (FMI), visceral fat area (VFA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in both sexes. Comparing to other obesity markers, WHR had the strongest correlation with vitamin D status in both sexes (β = -6.090, P = 0.046 in males; β = -11.253, P < 0.001 in females). No significant association was found between vitamin D status and BMI in males. Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among older adults in West China was high. Among the older adults in west China, WHR showed stronger association with vitamin D status and was better for the prediction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in both sexes, compared to BMI. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800018895.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Hu
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Sichuan, Chengdu, China. .,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Yang X, Li M, Zhang A, Sun N. Vitamin D supplementation and energy and metabolic homoeostasis in obese and overweight subjects: a protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051230. [PMID: 34593501 PMCID: PMC8487182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and vitamin D deficiency are major public health problems. According to the pathophysiological mechanism of obesity as well as the bidirectional relationship between obesity and vitamin D metabolism and storage, vitamin D supplementation in obese and overweight subjects could have beneficial effects on the energy and metabolic homoeostasis. This review will assess the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the energy and metabolic homoeostasis in overweight and obese subjects. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols, we retrieved the relevant literature from the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to June 2021. A manual search of the reference lists of all the relevant research articles will be performed to identify additional studies. We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English that examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on energy and metabolic homoeostasis in overweight and obese subjects. RCTs with multiple vitamin D groups will also be included. Two reviewers will independently complete the article selection, data extraction and rating. The bias tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A narrative or quantitative synthesis will be performed based on the available data. The planned start and end dates for the study were 1 February 2021 and 1 March 2022. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval will not be required for this review. The results of this review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021228981.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianyi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fujita-Yamashita M, Yamamoto K, Honda H, Hanayama Y, Tokumasu K, Nakano Y, Hasegawa K, Hagiya H, Obika M, Ogawa H, Otsuka F. Gender-Dependent Characteristics of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D/25-Hydroxyvitamin D Ratio for the Assessment of Bone Metabolism. Cureus 2021; 13:e18070. [PMID: 34671537 PMCID: PMC8521239 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vitamin D deficiency, which is common worldwide, increases the risks of falls and fractures and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the clinical utility and relevance of vitamin D activation remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinical usefulness of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D)/25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) ratio for assessment of the extent of bone metabolism. Methods We retrospectively screened data for 87 patients whose serum 1,25D and 25D levels were measured. Eight patients who were taking vitamin D preparations were excluded, and data for 79 patients (33 males and 46 females) were analyzed. Since menopausal status can be associated with serum vitamin D level, we divided the patients by gender and divided the female patients into two groups at the age of 50 years. Results The median serum 1,25D/25D ratio was significantly lower in males than in females, with the most considerable difference in all males [4.1 (interquartile range: 2.3-5.8) × 10-3] versus elderly females (aged ≧50 years) [7.9 (3.3-10.1) × 10-3). Main disorders were endocrine (30.6%), inflammatory (18.5%), and bone-related (16.7%) disorders. The ratios of serum 1,25D/25D had significant negative correlations with femoral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry % young adult mean (DEXA %YAM) (R=-0.35) and lumbar DEXA %YAM (R=-0.32). Significant correlations were found between the 1,25D/25D ratio and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (iP), parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The 1,25D/25D ratio had gender-specific characteristics: the ratio was significantly correlated with age in males (R=-0.49), while it was significantly correlated with BMI in females (R=0.34). Conclusions The results of this study suggested that vitamin D activity is negatively correlated with bone mineral density, being reduced in aged males but enhanced in obese females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Fujita-Yamashita
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Yoshihisa Hanayama
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Kazuki Tokumasu
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Kou Hasegawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Mikako Obika
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cătoi AF, Iancu M, Pârvu AE, Cecan AD, Bidian C, Chera EI, Pop ID, Macri AM. Relationship between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D, Overweight/Obesity Status, Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Simplified Empirical Path Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082889. [PMID: 34445049 PMCID: PMC8399080 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Herein, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and overweight/obesity status, insulin resistance (IR), systemic inflammation as well as oxidative stress (OS). Anthropometric and laboratory assessments of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and glycemic, pro-inflammatory and OS biomarkers were performed in a sample of 47 patients with T2DM who were divided into categories based on overweight and degree of obesity. The main findings were: the overweight/obesity status correlated negatively with the degree of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (ρ = −0.27) with a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.069); the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly different (p = 0.024) in patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, as was total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with severe serum 25(OH)D deficiency as compared to those with 25(OH)D over 20 ng/mL (TOS: p = 0.007, OSI: p = 0.008); and 25(OH)D had a negative indirect effect on TOS by body mass index (BMI), but BMI was not a significant mediator of the studied relationship. In a setting of overweight and increasing degree of obesity, patients with T2DM did not display decreasing values of 25(OH)D. Subjects with the lowest values of 25(OH)D presented the highest values of BMI. Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency were more insulin resistant and showed increased OS but no elevated systemic inflammation. The negative effect of 25(OH)D on TOS did not seem to involve BMI as a mediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Andra Diana Cecan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Cristina Bidian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elisabeta Ioana Chera
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Ioana Delia Pop
- Department of Exact Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Maximilian Macri
- Department of Animal production and Food Safety, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vigna L, Lonati C, Tirelli AS, Napolitano F, Turolo S, Ingenito MR, Tomaino L, Rossi P, Riboldi L. Effects of Vitamin D Supplefmentation on Outcome of Low-Calorie Diet in Workers Presenting Obesity or Overweight: A Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:343-351. [PMID: 34125662 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1902879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Growing evidence underscores the inverse association between serum vitamin D (vit D) and chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obesity. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare weight loss and metabolic serum biomarkers in subjects on low-calorie diet receiving vit D supplementation versus those not receiving it. METHODS The study considered 405 indoor sedentary workers with overweight/obesity and vit D insufficiency, who participated to a health fitness program between 2011-2013. Participants were recommended a moderately-low calorie diet plus vit D supplementation with 150,000 or 900,000 IU cumulative over 6 months in case of hypovitaminosis D (according to the guidelines at the enrollment), while those with optimal levels were recommended only diet. Participants were evaluated at baseline (T0), and after 6 months (T1). Anthropometric parameters, BMI, waist circumference (WC), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ([25(OH)D]) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed at T0 and T1. RESULTS Participants fell into one of three groups: (A) not supplemented, (B) receiving 150,000 IU and (C) receiving 900,000 IU cumulative over 6 months. Overall, the supplementation was associated with increased [25(OH)D], but only the dosage of group C was associated with the achievement of optimal vit D status. A significantly greater weight decrease was observed in group B (-4.1 kg) and C (-4.5 kg) compared to untreated (-1.2 kg). WC reduction was higher in the vit D groups (group B: -3.95 cm; group C; -6.20 cm; untreated: -3.21 cm; p < 0.05). When setting the threshold for obesity at BMI > 30kg/m2, [25(OH)D] no longer correlated with body fat or weight. [25(OH)D] inversely correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and remained significant after adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSIONS Higher [25(OH)D] levels were associated to a greater weight loss and enhanced the beneficial effects of a reduced-calorie diet in individuals with BMI > 30 kg/m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Vigna
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Preclinical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences (DISCCO), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Turolo
- UOC Nephrology Dialysis and Pediatric Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ingenito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tomaino
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences (DISCCO), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karampela I, Sakelliou A, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Vitamin D and Obesity: Current Evidence and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:162-180. [PMID: 33792853 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly increased prevalence worldwide, there is an intense research interest to clarify all aspects of this association. This review summarizes current evidence from meta-analyses investigating vitamin D status in obesity, including the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and the outcomes of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. We also discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and important controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Data from meta-analyses consistently support an inverse association of vitamin D levels with body weight. However, the impact of weight loss on improving vitamin D status is small, while studies on the supplementation with vitamin D after bariatric surgery have shown conflicting results regarding vitamin D status. Moreover, interventional studies do not support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. These findings warrant a cautious interpretation due to important methodological limitations and confounding factors, such as high heterogeneity of studies, variable methods of determination of vitamin D and definition of deficiency/insufficiency, use of various adiposity measures and definitions of obesity, and inadequate adjustment for confounding variables influencing vitamin D levels. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms associating low vitamin D in obesity include volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and decreased vitamin D synthesis in the adipose tissue and liver. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D may be implicated in adipose tissue differentiation and growth leading to obesity either by regulation of gene expression or through modulation of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and leptin. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status but weight loss has little effect on improving this; vitamin D supplementation is also not associated with weight loss. Evidence regarding vitamin D status after bariatric surgery is contradicting. The link between vitamin D and obesity remains controversial due to important limitations and confounding of studies. More research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between vitamin D and adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Sakelliou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou St, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos-Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: whether hypovitaminosis D is an overarching cause of increased mortality or a prognostic marker of poor health has not been well elucidated. Objectives: we sought to determine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)-D3] levels with the clinical biochemical parameters and mortality risk in chronic diseases. Methods: we reviewed the clinical charts and collected the clinical biochemical parameters of patients diagnosed with chronic conditions who had at least one 25-(OH)-D3 determination, with or without calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and who were selected using a cluster random sampling design (n = 1,705). The analysis was focused on metabolic disorders (type-2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and obesity), autoimmune disorders, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: low 25-(OH)-D3 levels were reported in 1,433 (84.0%) patients, of which 774 (45.4%) had insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL) and 659 (38.6%) patients had deficiency (< 20 ng/mL). Lower 25-(OH)-D3 levels in T2DM patients were associated with higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001). Patients with 25-(OH)-D3 levels < 12.5 ng/mL had a higher mortality risk than those with levels ≥ 12.5 ng/mL (HR: 3.339; 95% CI: 1.342-8.308). We observed lower 25-(OH)-D3 levels in patients with grade-III obesity (p = 0.01). We found a higher risk of 25-(OH)-D3 deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis, type-1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.032, p = 0.002, p = 0.049, respectively). Conclusions: we found a significant relationship between 25-(OH)-D3 levels and glycemic control, body mass index, autoimmune disease, and mortality risk. Nevertheless, whether hypovitaminosis D plays a causal role or is a consequence of chronic disease remains controversial.
Collapse
|
44
|
D'Amelio P. Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Men. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:291-301. [PMID: 33663024 PMCID: PMC7994656 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is rapidly increasing; hence, the disability due to age-related diseases has become an important socioeconomic burden. Amongst age-related diseases cardiovascular ones (CVD) have a huge impact on morbidity and mortality and are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several studies investigated the role of hypovitaminosis D in the pathogenesis of MetS and of CVD, this review unravels the relationship between aging/senescence, vitamin D, gender, and pathogenesis of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Amelio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ren Z, Zhao A, Wang Y, Meng L, Man‐Yau Szeto I, Yang C, Wang M, Zhang J, Wu W, Wang P, Zhang Y. Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D with obesity-related indices in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2260-2268. [PMID: 33841842 PMCID: PMC8020955 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been a well-known risk factor of low-level serum vitamin D. Compared with the traditional obesity-related indicator (body mass index, BMI), associations for two novel anthropometric indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, still remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) status with these three obesity-related indices among Chinese adults. A total of 1666 individuals were included. Anthropometric measurements were performed to calculate the indices, and fasting blood was collected to determine serum 25(OH)D deficiency (<12 ng/ml) and insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml). Deficiency or insufficiency of 25(OH)D was found in 37.5% and 43.1% of the participants, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significantly increased prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed for higher ABSI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2.334, 95% CI 1.458-3.734; p trend = 0.002) and BRI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2. 215, 95%CI 1.365-3.594; p trend = 0.010), and for higher BMI in men. Regarding 25(OH)D insufficiency, a significant association was also found for ABSI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2.372, 95%CI 1.558-3.612; p trend = 0.001). The area under the ROC of ABSI (0.731, 95%CI 0.687-0.774) for predicting a low level of 25(OH)D was significantly larger than that of BMI (0.695, 95%CI 0.649-0.741) in men, but not in women. A positive association between obesity and lower 25(OH)D serum concentration was found among Chinese adults. Besides BMI, novel obesity-related indicator, ABSI and BRI were associated with lower serum 25(OH)D to some extent, and further studies are needed to clarify their potential to be used as screening tools in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
- Yili Innovation CenterInner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
| | - Liping Meng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
- Yili Innovation CenterInner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
| | - Ignatius Man‐Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
- Yili Innovation CenterInner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.HohhotChina
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Meichen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Science and Health EducationPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygienePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li Y, Wang J, Yang J, Chen J, Zhou W, Qiao C, Shen S, Bi Y. The correlation between vitamin D, glucose homeostasis and androgen level among polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a cross-sectional study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:235-239. [PMID: 33576294 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1810228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 290 women with PCOS participated in this cross-sectional study. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and the concentration of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was determined among all subjects. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was taken as the indicator of insulin resistance. Beta cell function was estimated using the insulinogenic index and the disposition index. Free androgen index (FAI) was used to represent the androgen level. RESULTS In our study, 7.2% of the patients had Vit D severe deficiency, 75.2% had Vit D deficiency and 15.5% had vit D insufficiency. The level of serum 25(OH)D showed a significant positive association with insulinogenic index (r = 0.147, p < .05), disposition index (r = 0.280, p < .05), and SHBG (r = 0.178, p < .05) but exhibited a negative association with HOMA-IR (r = -0.198, p < .05), FAI (r = -0.178, p < .05). Adjusted age and BMI, 25(OH)D would be the dependent variable on disposition index [B = 0.259, 95%CI(0.041,0.477)] and FAI [B = -0.125, 95%CI(-0.232, -0.017)]. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the low levels of serum 25(OH)D were common in women with PCOS, which was speculated to be associated with glucose homeostasis and the androgen level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Health Manager Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dalamaga M, Muscogiuri G, Paganitsa G, Parvouleskou G, Syriou V, Karagkoynis P, Stratigou T, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Daskalopoulou K. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is an independent predictor of circulating vitamin D levels in normal weight and non-smoker adults: an observational cross-sectional study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:848-860. [PMID: 33509003 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1878488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between circulating 25OHD and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in 402 Greek (21-65 years, 188 men and 214 women), normal weight, non-smoker, healthy volunteers in the Athens metropolitan area during summer and autumn, taking into account skin phototype, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables. Circulating 25OHD, parathormone, creatinine, calcium, and phosphate were determined. A vitamin D status of ≤25, ≤50, and ≤75 nmol/L was observed in 4.5, 37.3, and 74.1% of the subjects, respectively. The independent predictors of 25OHD deficiency were autumn, darker skin phototype, BMI, or waist circumference (WC), sunscreen use, less physical outdoor activity, and less adherence to the MedDiet. Higher intake of fish and olive oil was a positive independent predictor of elevated circulating 25OHD levels. In conclusion, higher adherence to the MedDiet, fish and olive oil consumption, were positively associated with circulating 25OHD independently from BMI or WC, skin phototype, season, and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Georgia Paganitsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgeta Parvouleskou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Syriou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Karampela
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020320. [PMID: 33499378 PMCID: PMC7912442 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is probably the most underestimated electrolyte imbalance in Western countries. It is frequent in obese patients, subjects with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both in adulthood and in childhood. This narrative review aims to offer insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Mg2+ deficiency with obesity and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Literature highlights critical issues about the treatment of Mg2+ deficiency, such as the lack of a clear definition of Mg2+ nutritional status, the use of different Mg2+ salts and dosage and the different duration of the Mg2+ supplementation. Despite the lack of agreement, an appropriate dietary pattern, including the right intake of Mg2+, improves metabolic syndrome by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This occurs through the modulation of gene expression and proteomic profile as well as through a positive influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of vitamins B1 and D.
Collapse
|
49
|
Gokosmanoglu F, Onmez A, Ergenç H. The relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1880-1886. [PMID: 34394253 PMCID: PMC8351864 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is frequently seen in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and has been shown to exhibit multiple effects on the disease process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D deficiency in complex PCOS pathophysiological pathways. METHODS Two hundred sixty-seven patients with PCOS were divided into two groups Group 1 with 25(OH)D3 deficiency, and Group 2 with normal 25(OH)D3. Biochemical and hormonal parameters (androgen hormones, gonadotropins, and thyroid function tests) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of the patients (n=231) were in Group 1 and 14% (n=36) in Group 2. Statistically significantly higher concentrations of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and LH were determined in Group 1 (p<0.05). 25(OH)D3 concentrations were negatively correlated with body mass index (r=-0.459), serum testosterone (r =-0.374) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels (r=-0.418); (all; p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The study findings show that low 25(OH)D3 levels are associated with high androgen levels in women with PCOS. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered as an additional risk factor in the development of PCOS. We think that providing vitamin D supplementation for women from identified deficiency areas can reduce the risk of PCOS development.
Collapse
|
50
|
Barrea L, Frias-Toral E, Pugliese G, Garcia-Velasquez E, DE Los Angeles Carignano M, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D in obesity and obesity-related diseases: an overview. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:177-192. [PMID: 33213116 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D and obesity represent two pandemic conditions sometimes associated with each other. Although it is known that there is a close relationship between these two health problems, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. In fact, on the one hand, obesity per se seems to involve low circulating levels of vitamin D due to low sun exposure, physical activity, and intake of foods rich in vitamin D, volumetric dilution and sequestration in the adipose tissue. Conversely, since preadipocytes and adipocytes express the receptors and are involved in the metabolism of vitamin D it would seem that low levels of this vitamin may be involved in adipogenesis and therefore in the development of obesity. This connection is extremely important when considering obesity-related diseases. In fact, low vitamin D levels and severe obesity are significantly associated with some cardio-metabolic risk factors, including high Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, impaired lipid and glycemic profile and insulin resistance, as they would seem associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes and higher cancer incidence and mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the recent evidence linking low vitamin D status, obesity and obesity-related diseases, highlighting the scientific achievements and the gaps to be filled with further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- SOLCA Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|