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Lv Z, Deng C. NSAID medication mediates the causal effect of genetically predicted major depressive disorder on falls: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:217-223. [PMID: 38876314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports that depression including major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of falls. However, some studies suggest no association between MDD and falls. Therefore, the specific causal relationship whereby MDD affects the risk of falls remains elusive, and the potential mediators are unclear. METHODS Summary-level data for MDD and falls were collected from the Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in this study. Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causal associations between MDD and falls. A Two-step MR analysis was employed to analyze the mediating effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the causal association between MDD and the risk of falls. RESULTS Using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, genetically predicted MDD was associated with an increased risk of falls (β = 0.15, SE = 0.034; P = 1.61E-5). MVMR and two-step MR analyses demonstrated that MDD was a causal determinant of increased falls independent of body mass index (BMI), smoking initiation, and alcohol consumption and that this causal relationship was mediated by NSAID medication. LIMITATIONS Extracted GWAS summary statistics are from European ancestry. Stratified analyses by sex and age were not included in our study. Therefore, it is unclear whether the results are the same for other ethnic groups, genders, and ages. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MDD is independently associated with an increased risk of falls, in which NSAIDs mediate the association. This study suggests that avoiding the use of NSAIDs may reduce the risk of falls in patients diagnosed with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chunchu Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Li X, Kuang Y, Mo X, Tang Z, Zou W, Li M, Xiao S. Alcohol imagery in popular films in China, 2001-2020. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:495-505. [PMID: 38906932 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the level and trend of alcohol imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020. We divided the running time of the annual 20 top-grossing films in China into 5-min intervals and coded those containing alcohol imagery, the presence of warnings, whether the imagery was related to minors and alcohol brands. Results showed that alcohol imagery occurred in 90.75% (363/400) of the films and 25.26% (2380/9423) of the intervals; these proportions remained stable over time. No film containing alcohol imagery had warnings, alcohol imagery related to minors appeared each year, and 103 alcohol brands were present in 185 intervals across 93 of the 400 films. Chinese films contained more alcohol imagery than international films. National policies are required to restrict alcohol imagery in films and to reduce the availability of such films for viewing by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yiying Kuang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaorui Mo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihao Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wenye Zou
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Ngekeng S, Oke R, Yost M, Dissak-Delon F, Hubbard A, McCoy SI, Christie A, Shoptaw S, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Alcohol-Related Road Traffic Injuries in Cameroon. J Surg Res 2024; 302:116-124. [PMID: 39096740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the negative effects of drunk driving, including road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been well documented in high-income countries, little has been reported in African countries like Cameroon. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of alcohol-related RTIs (ARRTIs), its associated factors, and its association with injury severity. METHODS The Cameroon Trauma Registry prospectively collects trauma data from 10 hospitals in Cameroon. This study included patients enrolled between June 2022 and May 2023 for acute RTIs. We assessed the frequency of binge drinking episodes in the past year and self-reported alcohol consumption 6 h before RTI. Bivariate analysis using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used to test for associations between ARRTIs and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with variables with a P value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 3761 RTI cases were recorded with 77.5% (n = 2909) males and a median age of 32 y (IQR = 20 y). Prevalence of ARRTI was 9.01% (n = 338). Any self-reported binge drinking episodes (less than monthly adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.39-7.25; monthly AOR = 5.47, 95% CI = 3.66-8.11; weekly AOR = 6.55, 95% CI = 4.63-9.27; or daily AOR = 11.15, 95% CI = 7.52-16.52) was significantly associated with ARRTI compared to none reported. Male gender, higher educational status, tobacco use, depression, and means of transportation were other associated factors. CONCLUSIONS Almost one in 10 patients had consumed alcohol 6 h prior to RTI with odds of ARRTI significantly increasing with increased frequency in binge drinking. There is a need for evidenced-based, integrated approaches targeting sociodemographic and behavioral factors toward prevention of ARRTIs in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ngekeng
- Faculty of Health sciences, Sustainable Trauma, Research, Education and Mentorship (STREaM) Project, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Rasheedat Oke
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark Yost
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fanny Dissak-Delon
- Data Science Center for the Study of Surgery, Injury, and Equity in Africa (D-SINE-Africa), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sandra I McCoy
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Ariane Christie
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alain Chichom-Mefire
- Faculty of Health sciences, Sustainable Trauma, Research, Education and Mentorship (STREaM) Project, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Data Science Center for the Study of Surgery, Injury, and Equity in Africa (D-SINE-Africa), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Feng X, Huang N, Wu Y, Gao F, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang B, Sun T. Alcoholic Liver Disease in China: A Disease Influenced by Complex Social Factors That Should Not Be Neglected. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:677-684. [PMID: 38993514 PMCID: PMC11233974 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses liver damage caused by chronic, excessive alcohol consumption. It manifests initially as marked hepatocellular steatosis and can progress to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. With China's rapid economic growth, coupled with a complex social background and the influence of a deleterious wine culture, the number of patients with ALD in China has increased significantly; the disease has become a social and health problem that cannot be ignored. In this review, we briefly described the social factors affecting ALD in China and elaborated on differences between alcoholic and other liver diseases in terms of complications (e.g., cirrhosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, addiction, and other extrahepatic diseases). We also emphasized that ALD was more dangerous and difficult to treat than other liver diseases due to its complications, and that precise and effective treatment measures were lacking. In addition, we considered new ideas and treatment methods that may be generated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nafei Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gimenez-Gomez P, Le T, Zinter M, M'Angale P, Duran-Laforet V, Freels TG, Pavchinskiy R, Molas S, Schafer DP, Tapper AR, Thomson T, Martin GE. An orbitocortical-thalamic circuit suppresses binge alcohol-drinking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601895. [PMID: 39005328 PMCID: PMC11245026 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption remains a significant global health challenge, causing millions of direct and indirect deaths annually. Intriguingly, recent work has highlighted the prefrontal cortex, a major brain area that regulates inhibitory control of behaviors, whose activity becomes dysregulated upon alcohol abuse. However, whether an endogenous mechanism exists within this brain area that limits alcohol consumption is unknown. Here we identify a discrete GABAergic neuronal ensemble in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) that is selectively recruited during binge alcohol-drinking and intoxication. Upon alcohol intoxication, this neuronal ensemble suppresses binge drinking behavior. Optogenetically silencing of this population, or its ablation, results in uncontrolled binge alcohol consumption. We find that this neuronal ensemble is specific to alcohol and is not recruited by other rewarding substances. We further show, using brain-wide analysis, that this neuronal ensemble projects widely, and that its projections specifically to the mediodorsal thalamus are responsible for regulating binge alcohol drinking. Together, these results identify a brain circuit in the mOFC that serves to protect against binge drinking by halting alcohol intake. These results provide valuable insights into the complex nature of alcohol abuse and offers potential avenues for the development of mOFC neuronal ensemble-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gimenez-Gomez
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - T Le
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M Zinter
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - P M'Angale
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - V Duran-Laforet
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - T G Freels
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - R Pavchinskiy
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - S Molas
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - D P Schafer
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - A R Tapper
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - T Thomson
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - G E Martin
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Färkkilä EM, Oksanen E, Kormi E, Suojanen J. What Is the Relationship Between Maxillofacial Injury Location and Associated Injuries? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 82:800-805. [PMID: 38621665 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures are at risk for associated injuries (AIs) to other body regions. The incidence of AIs is reported to be from 20 to 35%. AIs may be life-threatening and play a key role in considering first-line management at the emergency department, as well as planning the definitive treatment of maxillofacial fractures. PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for AIs in patients with maxillofacial fractures. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE The investigators designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients with facial fractures treated at Central Hospital (Lahti, Finland) from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2019. All adult patients with verified maxillofacial fractures were included. Patients under 18 years of age were excluded from the study. PREDICTOR VARIABLE The predictor variable was the location of the maxillofacial fractures grouped into three categories: mandible alone, midface alone, and both midface and mandible. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S) The primary outcome variable was associated body region injuries coded as present or absent. The secondary outcome variable was the location of the AI categorized as skull, neck, thorax, pelvis, or extremity injuries. COVARIATES Other study variables included demographic data (age, sex, alcohol use), Glasgow Coma Scale, and etiology (fall, traffic- and bicycle accident, assault, pedestrian hit by motor vehicle, work-related, or sports/free-time injuries). ANALYSES Continuous variables were analyzed for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilks test and compared with categorical variables using the Mann-Whitney test. The univariate analyses of categorical variables were analyzed by the χ2 test (P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS During the study period, 443 adult (≥18) patients had maxillofacial fractures. AIs were present in 88 subjects (20%). The mean age was 47.6 years (range 18-91); 52 years with AIs (range 19-91), and 47 years (range 18-92) without AIs (P = .03). Subjects with midface and mandible + midface fractures had greater risk to AIs compared to mandibular fractures (relative risk 2.0, P = .002, relative risk 2.8, P = .009). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Every fifth maxillofacial trauma patient had an associated injury. Trauma patients should be evaluated in institutions with trauma protocols and imaging modalities before determining and executing the treatment plan for maxillofacial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa M Färkkilä
- Instructor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland and University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Erkka Oksanen
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland and University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Kormi
- Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland and University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Suojanen
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland
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Takagi K, Saitoh D, Nakagawa K, Inoue H, Takeuchi H, Takyu H, Tanaka H. Alcohol-Intoxicated Patients With Blunt Trauma and Head Injuries Have Better Outcomes Than Sober Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e63044. [PMID: 39050351 PMCID: PMC11268456 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol-intoxicated patients have difficulties evaluating their consciousness level and being transported prehospital, there is some evidence that the survival outcomes for alcohol-intoxicated patients with head injuries are better. The present study evaluated whether the survival and brain function outcomes in alcohol-intoxicated trauma patients with head injuries were better than those in sober patients using the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB), a nationwide trauma registry in Japan. METHODS The 17,823 patients with blunt trauma, including head injuries, who were registered in the JTDB database between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed for in-hospital survival in patients with blunt trauma, including those with head injuries, and for good brain function based on the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) in patients with only head injuries. Survival rates by head injury score using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 2008 or injury severity score (ISS) categories were compared between drinking and nondrinking groups. RESULTS Drinking significantly affected survival (odds ratio 1.800, p<0.001) and good brain function (odds ratio 1.546, p<0.001), as indicated by logistic regression analysis using head injuries alone or blunt multisite trauma (including head injuries), respectively. According to analyses by the ISS category or head AIS score, there were significant differences between the drinking and non-drinking groups in several categories (ISS 9-15, 16-24, and 25-40 and AIS 3 and 5) regarding survival rates with blunt trauma, including head injuries, or good GOS rates with head injuries alone. CONCLUSIONS The survival rates for blunt trauma, including head injuries, and the prognosis for brain function based on the GOS were better in the drinking group than in the control group for cases with head injuries alone. A multivariate analysis also showed that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Takagi
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Paramedicine, Shinjuku Fire Station, Tokyo Fire Department, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Koshi Nakagawa
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hironori Inoue
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hidekazu Takeuchi
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Takyu
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Department of Emergency Medical System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, JPN
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Tevik K, Skråstad RB, Benth JŠ, Selbæk G, Bergh S, Eldholm RS, Krokstad S, Helvik AS. Prevalence and change in alcohol consumption in older adults over time, assessed with self-report and Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 -The HUNT Study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304714. [PMID: 38820445 PMCID: PMC11142565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in alcohol consumption may affect older adults' health. We examined prevalence and changes in the alcohol consumption of older women and men (≥65 years) in Norway over a 24-year period. METHODS Data from three population-based health surveys (The Trøndelag Health Study-HUNT2 1995-97, HUNT3 2006-08, HUNT4 2017-19) were used. Alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported measures and an objective measure of alcohol consumption (Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, PEth). Self-reported lifetime abstinence, former drinking, current drinking, frequent drinking (≥4 times/week), and risk drinking (≥8 units/week) were measured. The PEth concentrations were stratified: <0.03 μmol/l (abstinence/very low level of alcohol consumption); >0.06 μmol/l (indicating >1 unit/day); >0.10 μmol/l (indicating >3 units/day), and >0.30 μmol/l (heavy alcohol consumption). RESULTS In HUNT4, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence, frequent drinking, and risk drinking was 5.2%, 4.4%, and 5.6%, respectively, while prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l was 68.1% and PEth >0.06 μmol/l was 21.2%. Over the course of the three surveys, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence decreased, while the prevalence of frequent drinking and risk drinking increased. Men were less often abstainers and more often frequent and risky drinkers than women in all three surveys. Gender differences for abstinence and current drinking reduced with time. From HUNT3 to HUNT4, the prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l decreased, while the prevalence of PEth >0.06 μmol/l increased. Men compared to women, had less often PEth <0.03 μmol/l and more often PEth >0.06 and >0.10 μmol/l in HUNT3 and HUNT4. Women and men ≥75 years were just as likely to have PEth >0.30 μmol/l in HUNT4. The gender differences in PEth concentrations were reduced in HUNT4 among those aged 70-74 years or ≥75 years. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption has increased among Norwegian older adults over a 24-year period, but at a slower pace during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjerstin Tevik
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Bergene Skråstad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm
- Department of Geriatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Albrecht JS, Gardner RC, Bahorik AL, Xia F, Yaffe K. Psychiatric Disorders Are Common Among Older US Veterans Prior to Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024:00001199-990000000-00159. [PMID: 38833711 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol and substance use disorders. SETTING A random sample of Veteran's Health Administration data. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 116 veterans aged ≥55 with incident late-life TBI between October 1, 1999, and September 31, 2021, were matched 1:3 on age and TBI date to 42 678 veterans without TBI. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURES PTSD, depression, and alcohol and substance use disorders were identified using diagnostic codes. Participants were censored after the first diagnosis during the year before and the year after the TBI or matched date. Prevalence rates of PTSD, depression, alcohol, and substance use disorders were compared before and after incident TBI or matched date using Poisson regression. RESULTS Pre-TBI prevalence rates of disorders were higher among those with TBI relative to those without TBI. Pre-TBI PTSD prevalence rates (per 1000 person-years) were 126.3 (95% CI, 120.2-132.4) compared to 21.5 (95% CI, 20.1-22.9) in the non-TBI cohort. In adjusted models, TBI was not associated with an increase in the prevalence of any of the studied disorders. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of depression, PTSD, and alcohol and substance use disorders were 5 to 10 times higher among older veterans before incident TBI. We did not observe an increase in the prevalence of these disorders after incident TBI. Older veterans with these disorders may be at increased risk for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Albrecht
- Author Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Dr Albrecht), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (Dr Gardner), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Ms Xia and Dr Yaffe), San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Bahorik and Yaffe), Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Dr Yaffe), Department of Neurology (Dr Yaffe) , University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Northern California Institute for Research and Education (Ms Xia), San Francisco, California
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Bhagavathula AS, Aldhaleei WA. Alcohol and Substance Use Among the Working Age Population: A Nationwide Study of Fall-Related Emergency Department Visits. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:330-338. [PMID: 38270911 PMCID: PMC11218450 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have linked fall-related emergency department (ED) visits among older adults to alcohol use. Characteristics related to falls in the working age population (WAP; 15-64 years) may vary with alcohol and substance use. This study aimed to identify factors associated with fall-related ED visits related to alcohol and substance use in the WAP. METHOD Using nationally representative 2019-2020 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data, fall-related ED visits within 72 hours were stratified by indication of alcohol use, substance use, and concurrent alcohol and substance use. Descriptive statistics accounting for the survey's complex design were used along with multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors. RESULTS Between 2019 and 2020, an estimated 10,800,000 fall-related ED visits occurred among the WAP, with 51.7% related to alcohol use, substance use, or both. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the WAP with fall-injury ED visits were associated with alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, 95% CI [1.0, 5.9]) or concurrent alcohol and substance use (AOR = 8.5, 95% CI [1.6, 43.0]), and individuals with alcohol and substance use with a depression diagnosis are twice as likely to visit EDs with fall injuries. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with alcohol and substance use with depression were twice as likely to visit EDs for fall injuries. Higher fall-related ED visits in the WAP were attributed to alcohol and substance use. Identified factors could improve injury prevention and timely intervention among the WAP in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Wafa A. Aldhaleei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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11
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Jennings MV, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Courchesne-Krak NS, Cupertino RB, Vilar-Ribó L, Bianchi SB, Hatoum AS, Atkinson EG, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Gelernter J, Artigas MS, Elson SL, Edenberg HJ, Fontanillas P, Palmer AA, Sanchez-Roige S. A phenome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study of alcohol use variants in a diverse cohort comprising over 3 million individuals. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105086. [PMID: 38580523 PMCID: PMC11121167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with numerous negative social and health outcomes. These associations may be direct consequences of drinking, or they may reflect common genetic factors that influence both alcohol consumption and other outcomes. METHODS We performed exploratory phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of three of the best studied protective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding ethanol metabolising enzymes (ADH1B: rs1229984-T, rs2066702-A; ADH1C: rs698-T) using up to 1109 health outcomes across 28 phenotypic categories (e.g., substance-use, mental health, sleep, immune, cardiovascular, metabolic) from a diverse 23andMe cohort, including European (N ≤ 2,619,939), Latin American (N ≤ 446,646) and African American (N ≤ 146,776) populations to uncover new and perhaps unexpected associations. These SNPs have been consistently implicated by both candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies of alcohol-related behaviours but have not been investigated in detail for other relevant phenotypes in a hypothesis-free approach in such a large cohort of multiple ancestries. To provide insight into potential causal effects of alcohol consumption on the outcomes significant in the PheWAS, we performed univariable two-sample and one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. FINDINGS The minor allele rs1229984-T, which is protective against alcohol behaviours, showed the highest number of PheWAS associations across the three cohorts (N = 232, European; N = 29, Latin American; N = 7, African American). rs1229984-T influenced multiple domains of health. We replicated associations with alcohol-related behaviours, mental and sleep conditions, and cardio-metabolic health. We also found associations with understudied traits related to neurological (migraines, epilepsy), immune (allergies), musculoskeletal (fibromyalgia), and reproductive health (preeclampsia). MR analyses identified evidence of causal effects of alcohol consumption on liability for 35 of these outcomes in the European cohort. INTERPRETATION Our work demonstrates that polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolising enzymes affect multiple domains of health beyond alcohol-related behaviours. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these effects could have implications for treatments and preventative medicine. FUNDING MVJ, NCK, SBB, SSR and AAP were supported by T32IR5226 and 28IR-0070. SSR was also supported by NIDA DP1DA054394. NCK and RBC were also supported by R25MH081482. ASH was supported by funds from NIAAA K01AA030083. JLMO was supported by VA 1IK2CX002095. JLMO and JJMM were also supported by NIDA R21DA050160. JJMM was also supported by the Kavli Postdoctoral Award for Academic Diversity. EGA was supported by K01MH121659 from the NIMH/NIH, the Caroline Wiess Law Fund for Research in Molecular Medicine and the ARCO Foundation Young Teacher-Investigator Fund at Baylor College of Medicine. MSA was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union Found: Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+) (P19/01224, PI22/00464 and CP22/00128).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola Giusti-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janitza L Montalvo-Ortiz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA; National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA CT Healthcare Center, Department Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA; Departments Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Wen S, Unuma K, Hanazawa R, Nagano S, Watanabe R, Hirakawa A, Uemura K. Alcohol and toxicological factors influencing fatal falls from height in the Greater Tokyo Area: a retrospective study. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:793-800. [PMID: 37968477 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Falls from height pose a significant public health concern in urban regions, including the highly urbanized Greater Tokyo Area. The Japanese population is characterized by high rates of suicide and psychoactive drug usage, underscoring the importance of investigating these attributes in falls from height. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the alcohol and toxicological aspects influencing falls from height in the Greater Tokyo Area between 2014 and 2022 and compare the findings with existing reports on other populations. In total, 75 cases of falls from height and 159 cases of natural deaths were included. Consistent with previous findings, Fisher's exact test revealed a predominance of males (66.67%, 50/75) and young adults (57.33%, 43/75) in falls from height. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified antidepressant usage as the most significant risk factor within the target population, while younger individuals under alcohol influence constituted another high-risk group. Notably, contradictory to other populations, female individuals involved in fatal falls in the Greater Tokyo Area exhibited a higher frequency of alcohol consumption than males (48.00%, 12/25 vs. 26.00%, 13/50), and most of them were associated with suicide (83.33%, 10/12). These findings elucidate the population characteristics that pose a high risk for fatal falls from height in Japan and can serve as a reference for other Asian populations residing in similar megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Wen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Hanazawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Nagano
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Crawford J, Jones A, Rose A, Cooke R. I can't believe I missed that! How the fear of missing out impacts on alcohol behaviours. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 258:111273. [PMID: 38537432 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is often experienced over missing opportunities for social gains associated with drinking, has been linked to heavy episodic drinking and experiencing negative consequences. The UK Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related lockdown provided a unique context to study FoMO's ability to predict of alcohol consumption. The aim of the current study was to test if FoMO predicted alcohol consumption during a time of social restrictions. METHODS One hundred and five UK adults (aged 18-30, 61% female) participated in a study using an ecological momentary assessment design. Surveys were completed on smartphones and assessed FoMO and drinking intentions, three time a day (morning, afternoon, evening) over three consecutive weekends (Friday, Saturday, Sunday). Alcohol consumption was recorded once per day, based on previous day consumption. RESULTS Repeated mixed model analyses found FoMO significantly predicted quantity of alcohol consumption (b =.05, p =.01) and drinking intentions (b =.47, p <.001), but did not predict frequency of consumption. Being male (b = 2.93, p =.02) and higher intentions (b = 0.5, p <.001) predicted higher quantity of consumption. Drinking intentions was the only variable to predict frequency of consumption (b =.004, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS The study showed FoMO can predict quantity of alcohol consumption and drinking intentions, which are linked to increased negative consequences. Future studies should assess FoMO against other predictive factors. Results provide an insight into how a social predictor influenced alcohol consumption during a time of restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Crawford
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Services, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Jones
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Abigail Rose
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, UK
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14
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Blalock DV, Berlin SA, Berkowitz T, Smith VA, Wright C, Bachrach RL, Grubber JM. Associations Between a Primary Care-Delivered Alcohol-Related Brief Intervention and Subsequent Opioid-Related Outcomes. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:434-444. [PMID: 38706328 PMCID: PMC11076009 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The co-occurrence of unhealthy alcohol use and opioid misuse is high and associated with increased rates of overdose, emergency health care utilization, and death. The current study examined whether receipt of an alcohol-related brief intervention is associated with reduced risk of negative downstream opioid-related outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all VISN-6 Veterans Affairs (VA) patients with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening results (N=492,748) from 2014 to 2019. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between documentation of an alcohol-related brief intervention and probability of a new 1) opioid prescription, 2) opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis, or 3) opioid-related hospitalization in the following year, controlling for demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS Of the veterans, 13% (N=63,804) had "positive" AUDIT-C screen results. Of those, 72% (N=46,216) had a documented alcohol-related brief intervention. Within 1 year, 8.5% (N=5,430) had a new opioid prescription, 1.1% (N=698) had a new OUD diagnosis, and 0.8% (N=499) had a new opioid-related hospitalization. In adjusted models, veterans with positive AUDIT-C screen results who did not receive an alcohol-related brief intervention had higher odds of new opioid prescriptions (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.10, 95% CI=1.03-1.17) and new OUD diagnoses (adjusted OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.02-1.40), while new opioid-related hospitalizations (adjusted OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.99-1.44) were higher although not statistically significant. Removal of medications for OUD (MOUD) did not impact associations. All outcomes were significantly associated with an alcohol-related brief intervention in unadjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The VA's standard alcohol-related brief intervention is associated with subsequent lower odds of a new opioid prescription or a new OUD diagnosis. Results suggest a reduction in a cascade of new opioid-related outcomes from prescriptions through hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan V. Blalock
- Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Sophia A. Berlin
- Institute for Medical Research, Durham NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham NC
| | - Theodore Berkowitz
- Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham NC
| | - Valerie A. Smith
- Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | | | - Rachel L. Bachrach
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Janet M. Grubber
- Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham NC
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Health Care System, Boston MA
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15
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Nazif-Munoz JI, Pereira CCM, Martinez PA, Najafi Moghaddam V, Domínguez-Cancino K. Analyzing 14-years of suicide rates in Chile: Impact of alcohol policy, domestic violence, and a suicide prevention program. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115729. [PMID: 38244283 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide with far-reaching effects on families, communities, and societies. Influencing factors range from macro-level interventions like alcohol control policies and suicide prevention programs to individual contributors such as alcohol abuse and domestic violence. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Chile's suicide rate changes from 2002 to 2015 and the Alcohol Act of 2004, a national suicide prevention program implemented in 2007, alcohol abuse, and domestic violence. Assembling a unique longitudinal dataset from Chilean public institutions, the study employed an instrumental variable time-series cross-regional design. Results indicated that the Alcohol Act was not associated with suicide rates, domestic violence exhibited a significant association with increased suicide rates, and the national suicide prevention program was linked to reductions in suicide rates, especially among males. These findings align with research from neighbouring countries, showcasing the efficacy of suicide prevention programs in decreasing suicide rates in Chile. Results highlight the importance of integrating protocols to early-detect domestic violence in suicide prevention programs, as well as the need to further improving alcohol control policies to complement suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz
- Service sur les Dépendances, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Camila Corrêa Matias Pereira
- Service sur les Dépendances, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Pablo Alberto Martinez
- Service sur les Dépendances, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Vahid Najafi Moghaddam
- Service sur les Dépendances, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Karen Domínguez-Cancino
- Service sur les Dépendances, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
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16
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Hughes N, Scott AB, Pitcher D. Surgery under siege: A case study of leg amputation in 18th century Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:112-118. [PMID: 38244253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paleopathological analysis of a below-knee amputation was conducted to explore the sociocultural reasons why the amputation took place. MATERIALS Older adolescent male (18-21 years) from the New Englander mass burial at the 18th century Fortress of Louisbourg. METHODS Macroscopic assessment and archival data. RESULTS A surgical amputation of the right tibia and fibula, distal to the knee was identified. The cross-sectional diaphysis of the leg has kerf marks and a splinter (breakaway point) at the posterior-lateral border of the tibia suggesting the leg gave way from its own weight or was manually removed once most of the sawing was complete. CONCLUSIONS Archival records suggest frostbite from prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures and trauma from unsafe working conditions at the Fortress were the main causes that led to amputation. SIGNIFICANCE This case study highlights the importance of contextualizing cases of amputation to understand factors leading to the amputation procedure and techniques used in the past, and the social and living conditions of the individual. LIMITATIONS Observations were restricted to skeletal material as soft tissue decomposed and there was no material evidence suggestive of amputation associated with this individual in their grave. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Full trauma assessment of the Fortress of Louisbourg skeletal collection to provide additional insight into injury sustained at Louisbourg and 18th century surgical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hughes
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick, 12 Macaulay Lane, Annex C, Suite 28, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - A B Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick, 12 Macaulay Lane, Annex C, Suite 28, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - D Pitcher
- Parks Canada, Fortress of Louisbourg, National Historic Site, 259 Park Service Road, Louisbourg, NS B1C 2L2, Canada
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Agin-Liebes G, Nielson EM, Zingman M, Kim K, Haas A, Owens LT, Rogers U, Bogenschutz M. Reports of self-compassion and affect regulation in psilocybin-assisted therapy for alcohol use disorder: An interpretive phenomenological analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:101-113. [PMID: 37276086 PMCID: PMC10696130 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this qualitative study was to delineate psychological mechanisms of change in the first randomized controlled trial of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). Theories regarding psychological processes involved in psychedelic therapy remain underdeveloped. METHOD Participants (N = 13) mostly identified as non-Hispanic and White, with approximately equal proportions of cisgender men and women. Participants engaged in semistructured interviews about their subjective experiences in the study. Questions probed the nature of participants' drinking before and after the study as well as coping patterns in response to strong emotions, stress, and cravings for alcohol. Verbatim transcripts were coded using Dedoose software, and content was analyzed with interpretive phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Participants reported that the psilocybin treatment helped them process emotions related to painful past events and helped promote states of self-compassion, self-awareness, and feelings of interconnectedness. The acute states during the psilocybin sessions were described as laying the foundation for developing more self-compassionate regulation of negative affect. Participants also described newfound feelings of belonging and an improved quality of relationships following the treatment. CONCLUSION Our results support the assertion that psilocybin increases the malleability of self-related processing, and diminishes shame-based and self-critical thought patterns while improving affect regulation and reducing alcohol cravings. These findings suggest that psychosocial treatments that integrate self-compassion training with psychedelic therapy may serve as a useful tool for enhancing psychological outcomes in the treatment of AUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Agin-Liebes
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco CA, USA
- Neuroscape, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Zingman
- NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Kim
- NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Haas
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Lindsey T. Owens
- NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ursula Rogers
- NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Bogenschutz
- NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Pitt H, McCarthy S, Arnot G. Children, young people and the Commercial Determinants of Health. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad185. [PMID: 38294037 PMCID: PMC10828929 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) have a significant impact on the health and well-being of children and young people (subsequently referred to as young people). While most research has focused on the influence of harmful industry marketing on young people, more recent CDoH frameworks have emphasized that a range of commercial systems and practices may influence health and well-being. Focusing on the impact of traditional and digital media, contemporary marketing strategies and corporate production and consumption processes, the following article outlines the impact of the CDoH on the health and wellbeing of young people. The article also provides evidence about how young people conceptualize the impact of corporate actors on health, and their involvement in advocacy strategies to respond. The article recommends that when collaborating with young people to understand the impacts of and responses to the CDoH, we should seek to diversify investigations towards the impact of a range of corporate tactics, systems and structures, rather than simply focusing on the impacts of advertising. This should include considering areas and priorities that young people identify as areas for action and understanding why some young people are more vulnerable to commercial tactics than others. Youth are powerful allies in responding to the CDoH. Public health and health promotion stakeholders could do more to champion the voices of young people and allow them to be active participants in the decisions that are made about harmful commercial practices and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Simone McCarthy
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Grace Arnot
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Kosendiak AA, Wasilewski A, Kasprzak A, Marczyński P, Brawańska K, Chwałczyńska A. Level of knowledge, nutritional habits, use of stimulants, and physical activity during the COVID-19 epidemic among students of physiotherapy at Wroclaw Medical University. Nutrition 2024; 117:112247. [PMID: 37897983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge effect around the world. The aim of this study was to determine what eating habits, physical activity, and use of stimulants were likely among physical therapy students during the outbreak. METHODS The 16-65-ComPAN questionnaire for views and eating habits was used. The Fagerström Test was used to determine nicotine dependence, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to gauge physical activity, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to determine alcohol consumption. RESULTS The results indicated a relatively high percentage of alcohol consumption among this group, as well as a relationship between an unhealthy diet and years of study and smoking. A high value of unhealthy diet and the relationship between dietary knowledge, body mass index, and healthy diet index were also found. No correlation was obtained between the effect of COVID-19 on the student's life and nutritional knowledge and habits, but the percentage of students negatively affected by COVID was high (51%). CONCLUSION The findings presented here indicate the need to take measures to increase nutritional knowledge among physiotherapy students and to take measures to reduce the use of stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Wasilewski
- Student Scientific Association at Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland.
| | - Adrian Kasprzak
- Student Scientific Association at Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Marczyński
- Student Scientific Association at Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Brawańska
- Student Scientific Association at Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chwałczyńska
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Abbas D, Ciricillo JA, Elom HA, Moon AM. Extrahepatic Health Effects of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1201-1211. [PMID: 37806811 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a growing public health concern and an important contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While the hepatotoxic effects of alcohol are well known, the adverse effects of alcohol are manifested in almost every organ system. With the growing public health impact of AUD, the aim of this narrative review is to highlight the epidemiology and burden of AUD and its association with extrahepatic diseases including malignancy and disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, immunologic, neurologic, endocrine, and hematologic systems. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was performed to identify studies addressing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of extrahepatic health manifestations of alcohol use. FINDINGS In the United States, an estimated 14.5 million people have AUD and approximately 88,000 adults die yearly due to alcohol-related causes. The consumption of alcohol and AUD is associated with injuries, violence, cancers, nonmalignant conditions of the GI system, infections, effects on the cardiovascular system, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions contribute to the increased mortality associated with AUD and are burdensome to patients and caregivers. IMPLICATIONS Increased awareness of the extrahepatic manifestations of AUD, screening for AUD using validated screening tools, such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) score, and offering evidence-based interventions to patients with AUD is imperative to reduce the public health burden of AUD. Although historically controversial, recent evidence suggests that any level of alcohol consumption can have negative health consequences. Further research is warranted to determine if any amount of alcohol is safe for consumption. Public health efforts are warranted to help curtail the growing burden of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jacob A Ciricillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medicine Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hilary A Elom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrew M Moon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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21
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Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Adults Suffering from Migraine in Spain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1630. [PMID: 38137078 PMCID: PMC10741794 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the significance of migraine and the limited amount of research conducted on its association with depression in population-based studies in Spain, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and change of depression from 2017 to 2020 among adults with migraine in Spain and to analyze the sociodemographic and health-related variables linked to depression in migraine sufferers. A cross-sectional study on 5329 adults with migraine from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the European Health Survey in Spain 2020 was performed. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to depression. A total of 26.32% of people with migraine suffered from depression. No significant changes in that prevalence between 2017 and 2020 were observed. The risk factors associated with depression included being between the ages of 25 and 44 (p = 0.018), being separated or divorced (p = 0.033), being unemployed (p < 0.001), not engaging in recreational physical activity (p = 0.016), perceiving one's health as average, poor, or very poor (p < 0.001), experiencing moderate to severe pain in daily activities (p = 0.011, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively), and having 1-2 or ≥3 chronic conditions (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, being married (p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.007) were identified as protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Doctor Fedriani, S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Research Group GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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22
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Goodon H, Czyrnyj C, Comaskey B, Gawaziuk J, Logsetty S, Spiwak R. Social determinants of alcohol-related traumatic injury in young adults: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074653. [PMID: 37989375 PMCID: PMC10668285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited research examines alcohol-related injury in the context of social determinants of health (SDoH) to guide effective intervention and prevention programmes. SDoH are non-medical factors that impact health such as income, housing and childhood environment. This scoping review aims to explore the role SDoH in childhood have in alcohol-related injury in young adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The scoping review process will be guided by the methodology framework of Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). The PubMed and SCOPUS databases will be systematically searched. Studies of various designs and methodologies (published in English since 1 January 2000) that examine certain SDoH of interest in relation to alcohol-related injury in adults aged 18-25 years old will be considered for inclusion in this review. Two reviewers will screen all articles identified from the databases independently. Titles and abstracts will be reviewed based on the initial search and included if eligibility criteria are met. Duplicate articles will be removed and full texts will be examined to create a final list of included studies. Any disagreements on the inclusion of any articles will be resolved through discussion and consultation with a third reviewer if necessary. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this research does not involve human subjects, ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be summarised quantitatively through numerical counts and qualitatively through a narrative synthesis. The results from this review will address an important literature gap and inform the development of targeted prevention programmes for alcohol-related injury. REGISTRATION NUMBER This protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MYEXA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Goodon
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cameron Czyrnyj
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brenda Comaskey
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Justin Gawaziuk
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sarvesh Logsetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rae Spiwak
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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23
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Bujaroska Perkovikj M, Anastasova L, Stankov A, Zhivikj Z, Poposka V, Petrusevska-Tozi L. The role of alcohol and patterns of alcohol-related deaths in Republic of North Macedonia within the period 2007-2020. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00748-6. [PMID: 37946096 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most important factors in a substantial number of violent deaths. The aim of our study was to investigate alcohol-related deaths in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period from 2007 to 2020, in order to study the influence of elevated blood alcohol levels in violent deaths. Five hundred sixty-four post-mortem blood samples from alcohol-related death cases-natural deaths and violent deaths (suicides, accidents, and homicides)-were analyzed, and the results were evaluated according to sex, age, and cause of death. Among 564 cases, traffic accidents were the leading cause of violent death (54.3% of the cases) followed by suicides (19.9% of the cases). In the examined post-mortem samples, BAC values ranged from 0.15-6.20 g/L. The average age was 45 ± 16 years for the male and 49 ± 19 years for the female group. The biggest proportion of high BAC values was found in the group of accidents specifically road traffic accidents and accidental intoxication as well as in the group of bolus deaths. The analysis of BAC in the cases of violent deaths in the Republic of North Macedonia confirmed that consumption of alcohol is strongly related to violent deaths. The data obtained from this study could raise caution and give aid in a national strategy for the prevention of alcohol-related violent deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Bujaroska Perkovikj
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Criminology and Medical Deontology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 19, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
| | - Liljana Anastasova
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Stankov
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Criminology and Medical Deontology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 19, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Zoran Zhivikj
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Verica Poposka
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Criminology and Medical Deontology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 19, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Lidija Petrusevska-Tozi
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Dapari R, Mahfot MH, Chiu Yan Yee F, Ahmad ANI, Magayndran K, Ahmad Zamzuri M‘AI, Isa ZM, Hassan MR, Che Dom N, Syed Abdul Rahim SS. Prevalence of recent occupational injury and its associated factors among food industry workers in Selangor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293987. [PMID: 37943862 PMCID: PMC10635541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaysia's gross domestic product is heavily influenced by the food and beverage sector and the contribution of the industry to the national economy is expected to increase in the coming years. Thus, the need for employees in the food industry will continue to rise as this sector grows. Nevertheless, employees in the food industry are exposed to various occupational hazards that can lead to occupational injuries, mainly related to kitchen work. Given the increasing number of employees in the food industry and the rising trend of occupational injuries, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of recent occupational injuries and their associated factors and predictors among food industry workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among food industry workers in Selangor, Malaysia. The respondents were sampled using a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected via online self-administered questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models in the SPSS software, version 25. RESULTS A total of 250 responses were received from 342 samples, with an overall response rate of 73.0%. The prevalence of recent occupational injuries among food industry workers was 44.8%. Statistically, significant associations were present between occupational injuries and alcohol consumption (p = 0.001), poor knowledge (p = 0.031), poor compliance (p = 0.021), poor safety management (p = 0.021), poor safety training (p = 0.002), poor safety culture (p = 0.003), physical exposure (p < 0.001), and ergonomic exposure (p = 0.009). The predictors for recent occupational injuries among food industry workers were Malay (adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR = 2.60, p = 0.027, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 1.116, 6.035), alcohol consumption (aOR = 5.31, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.042, 13.779), poor knowledge (aOR = 1.98, p = 0.032, 95% CI = 1.059, 3.691), poor safety culture (aOR = 2.44, p = 0.002, 95% CI = 1.372, 4.342), and exposure to physical hazards (aOR = 8.88, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 3.031, 26.014). CONCLUSION This study has found a high prevalence of occupational injuries among food industry workers, thereby highlighting the importance of addressing alcohol consumption, improving worker knowledge, enhancing work safety culture, and better control measures on exposure to physical hazards, especially among Malay workers. By prioritising these factors, employers can create safer work environments and minimise the risk of occupational injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Dapari
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Krishen Magayndran
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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25
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Fiorelli D, Romani L, Treglia M, Pallocci M, Passalacqua P, Coppeta L, Marsella LT, Tittarelli R. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022. TOXICS 2023; 11:914. [PMID: 37999566 PMCID: PMC10675514 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of alcohol abuse enables preventive intervention on the effects and risks associated with its consumption. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most reliable biomarkers of chronic alcohol misuse. We retrospectively studied a population of 12,624 subjects who had their driving license suspended for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs from 2016 to 2022. The analytical determination of CDT was performed following a certified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Data were split by year, age and gender. The majority of subjects with positive %CDT were male, although the trend of positivity was similar between males and females. A steady increase in both the number of tests performed and the number of positives was observed over the years. Patients aged 41-50 years had the highest prevalence, followed by 51-60, 31-40 and 18-30 years. CDT continues to be a steady marker for diagnosis of alcohol abuse in the majority of cases. Data emerging from our study are in line with the increasing national trends on traffic accidents, injuries and deaths related to alcohol and drug DUI (driving under the influence), requiring the implementation of preventive measures to limit this ever-growing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fiorelli
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Leonardo Romani
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
- PhD School in Medical-Surgical Applied Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Treglia
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Margherita Pallocci
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Pierluigi Passalacqua
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Coppeta
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Luigi Tonino Marsella
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Tittarelli
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (R.T.)
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26
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Pauley A, Thatcher EC, Sarafian JT, Zadey S, Shayo F, Mmbaga BT, Sakita F, Boshe J, Vissoci JRN, Staton CA. Alcohol use among emergency medicine department patients in Tanzania: A comparative analysis of injury versus non-injury patients. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001900. [PMID: 37910469 PMCID: PMC10619788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a leading behavioral risk factor for death and disability worldwide. Tanzania has few trained personnel and resources for treating unhealthy alcohol use. In Emergency Medicine Departments (EMDs), alcohol is a well-known risk factor for injury patients. At Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania, 30% of EMD injury patients (IP) test positive for alcohol upon arrival to the ED. While the IP population is prime for EMD-based interventions, there is limited data on if non-injury patients (NIP) have similar alcohol use behavior and potentially benefit from screening and intervention as well. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a systematic random sampling of adult (≥18 years old), KiSwahili speaking, KCMC EMD patients surveyed between October 2021 and May 2022. When medically stable and clinically sober, participants provided informed consent. Information on demographics (sex, age, years of education, type of employment, income, marital status, tribe, and religion), injury status, self-reported alcohol use, and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were collected. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in RStudio using frequencies and proportions. RESULTS Of the 376 patients enrolled, 59 (15.7%) presented with an injury. The IP and NIP groups did not differ in any demographics except sex, an expected difference as females were intentionally oversampled in the original study design. The mean [SD] AUDIT score (IP: 5.8 [6.6]; NIP: 3.9 [6.1]), drinks per week, and proportion of AUDIT ≥8 was higher for IP (IP:37%; NIP: 21%). However, alcohol preferences, drinking quantity, weekly expenditure on alcohol, perceptions of unhealthy alcohol use, attempts and reasons to quit, and treatment seeking were comparable between IPs and NIPs. CONCLUSION Our data suggests 37% of injury and 20% of non-injury patients screen positive for harmful or hazardous drinking in our setting. An EMD-based alcohol treatment and referral process could be beneficial to reduce this growing behavioral risk factor in non-injury as well as injury populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pauley
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Thatcher
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Sarafian
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frida Shayo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Francis Sakita
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Judith Boshe
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Staton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Pauley A, Buono M, West K, Metcalf M, Rent S, Kilasara J, Sawe Y, Mikindo M, Mmbaga BT, Boshe J, Vissoci JRN, Staton CA. A mixed-methods comparison of gender differences in alcohol consumption and drinking characteristics among patients in Moshi, Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002009. [PMID: 37874782 PMCID: PMC10597514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use stands as a serious threat to individual and community well-being, having been linked to a wide array of physical, social, mental, and economic harms. Alcohol consumption differs by gender, a trend seen both globally and in Moshi, Tanzania, a region with especially high rates of intake and few resources for alcohol-related care. To develop effective gender-appropriate treatment interventions, differences in drinking behaviors between men and women must be better understood. Our study aims to identify and explore gender-based discrepancies in alcohol consumption among Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) patients. A systematic random sampling of adult patients presenting to KCMC's Emergency Department (ED) or Reproductive Health Center (RHC) was conducted from October 2021 until May 2022. Patients answered demographic and alcohol use-related questions and completed brief surveys, including the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Through purposeful sampling, 19 individuals also participated in in-depth interviews (IDIs) that focused on identifying gender differences in alcohol use. Quantitative data was analyzed in RStudio through descriptive frequencies, proportions, ANOVA, and Chi-squared tests, while IDIs were analyzed in Nvivo following a grounded theory approach. During the 8-month data collection timeline, 676 patients were enrolled. Men and women patients at KCMC's ED and RHC were found to have significant differences in their alcohol use behaviors. For our quantitative data, this included lower average AUDIT scores among women (average [SD] AUDIT scores were 6.76 [8.16] among ED men, 3.07 [4.76] among ED women, and 1.86 [3.46] among RHC women). A subsequent IDI analysis revealed greater social restrictions around women's drinking and more secretive alcohol use behaviors for where and when women would drink. For men, excess drinking was normalized within Moshi, tied to men's social interactions with other men, and generally motivated by stress, social pressure, and despair over lack of opportunity. Significant gender differences in drinking behaviors were found, primarily influenced by sociocultural norms. These dissimilarities in alcohol use suggest that future alcohol-related programs should incorporate gender in their conceptualization and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pauley
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mia Buono
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kirstin West
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Madeline Metcalf
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharla Rent
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kilasara
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Yvonne Sawe
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Judith Boshe
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Staton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Julien-Sweerts S, Romo L, Blot E, Ordonneau P, Ingrand P, Gicquel L. CBT program to reduce recidivism risk for road crashes among adolescents and young adults: Results of a randomized controlled study and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20074. [PMID: 37810130 PMCID: PMC10559812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Road crashes are the first cause of mortality for young adults aged 18-25 years and the human factor contributes to 90-95% of events. The present study was carried out to determine the efficacity of the ECARR2 recurrence prevention program among adolescents and young adults at high risk of having a new traffic crash in the following months. A total of 288 participants having had a traffic crash that required going to the emergency room, at high risk of accident recurrence (ECARR≥5) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 144) or the control group (n = 144). Results revealed that the risk of recurrence was highest during the first 6 months (66% of recurrences). In per-protocol analysis population, at 6 months after inclusion, the accident recurrence rate was 14.2% ± 3.3% in the intervention group, and 23.5% ± 4.0% in the control group. The intervention had an effect per se, independently of the other predictors (p = 0.020). This effect was mediated by the three interaction variables: BDI, Impulsive Behavior Scale lack of perseverance, and Orientation to Happiness engagement. It was therefore through these dimensions that the intervention had an effect. In conclusion, the ECARR score predicts the risk of recurrence, risk which is the highest during the first 6 months. Finally, results confirm the predictive validity of the ECARR scale. The ECARR score had an effect on the risk of recurrence regardless of group (p = 0.045) and was predictive of recurrence (p = 0.045).A brief psychological intervention such as ECARR2 program, offered to young people ar hight risk of having a new crash, just after the crash, seems to halve the risk of recurrence at 6 months. Future research should improve the brief psychological intervention and its access via a mobile application or few hours in high school or in a driving school given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 Clipsyd, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France. CESP, U1018 INSERM UPS
| | - Emilie Blot
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Pauline Ordonneau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- INSERM CIC 1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Ludovic Gicquel
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France
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Thomas M, Tillman P, Riemann BL. Blood alcohol concentration as a measure of risk among pedestrian fatalities in the U.S., 2016-2020. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023; 24:513-520. [PMID: 37459210 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2229469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the United States, deaths among pedestrians have increased dramatically since 2009 relative to other vulnerable road users, with substance use described as an important risk factor. This study aimed to explore blood alcohol concentrations (BAC g/dL) among pedestrian fatalities in the United States between 2016 and 2020. Exploring the presence of alcohol among pedestrian cases will support targeted interventions designed to reduce risk. METHODS This study utilized pedestrian fatality and alcohol screening data provided by the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Logistic models were examined to identify statistical associations (ORs, 95% CI) by age, race, and sex relative to positive BAC exposure (BAC > 0.0 g/dL), mild exposure (BAC > 0.0 < .079 g/dL), moderate to severe alcohol exposure (BAC 0.08-.299 g/dL), and severe exposure (BAC ≥ 0.30 g/dL). RESULTS Between 2016 and 2020, 33,375 pedestrian fatalities were reported to FARS with 75.1% of cases retained for analysis (n = 25,077). Fatalities were more likely to be White (69.3%), male (69.9%), and between 25-64 years of age (67.3%). 74.0% of fatalities were tested for alcohol, with 40.9% screening positive. Females, cases ≥ 75 years of age, and those identified as Asians reported the lowest odds of being positive for alcohol exposure. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest an ongoing threat to pedestrians due to alcohol consumption and that exposure odds vary by demographic characteristics. Unfortunately, analytical approaches to understanding the roles played by drugs and alcohol among vulnerable road users tend to be marginalized in the literature. Analytical, evidence-based investigations are needed to curtail the risk of pedestrian fatalities in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKinley Thomas
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Waters College of Health Professions, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Paula Tillman
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Waters College of Health Professions, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Bryan L Riemann
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Waters College of Health Professions, Savannah, Georgia
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Ciucă Anghel DM, Nițescu GV, Tiron AT, Guțu CM, Baconi DL. Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse. Molecules 2023; 28:4969. [PMID: 37446631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Drug abuse and addiction are major public health concerns, with millions of people worldwide affected by the negative consequences of drug use. To better understand this complex issue, a review was conducted to examine the mechanisms of action and effects of drugs of abuse, including their acute and chronic effects, the symptoms of abstinence syndrome, as well as their cardiovascular impacts. METHODS The analyzed data were obtained after surveying an electronic database, namely PubMed, with no time limit, grey literature sources, and reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS The review highlights the different categories of drugs of abuse, such as opioids, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and cannabis, and discusses the specific ways that each drug affects the brain and body. Additionally, the review explores the short-term and long-term effects of drug abuse on the body and mind, including changes in brain structure and function, physical health problems, and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. In addition, the review explores the effects of drug abuse on cardiovascular health, focusing on electrocardiogram changes. Moreover, the analysis of relevant literature also highlighted possible genetic susceptibility in various addictions. Furthermore, the review delves into the withdrawal symptoms that occur when someone stops using drugs of abuse after a period of chronic use. CONCLUSION Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on drug abuse and addiction. The findings of this review can inform the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address this critical public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Viorela Nițescu
- Ward ATI-Toxicology, Paediatric Clinic 2, "Grigore Alexandrescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 011732 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Taisia Tiron
- Department of Medical Semiology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Maria Guțu
- Department of Toxicology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Luiza Baconi
- Department of Toxicology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
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Borka Balas R, Meliț LE, Sarkozi D, Ghiga DV, Mărginean CO. Cyberbullying in teenagers - a true burden in the era of online socialization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34051. [PMID: 37352046 PMCID: PMC10289702 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyberbullying represents a major concern worldwide, especially among teenagers with major negative psychological impact. We performed a prospective online questionnaire-based study on 316 teenagers in order to assess the prevalence of cyberbullying in Romania, evaluate its psychosocial consequences, and examine the factors that may predispose them to bullying. Almost 50% of the responders stated that they have been previously bullied, with females having a higher risk of being harassed (P = .0043). Most of the victims were bullied on Facebook, Instagram, and video games. More than 53% of the victims included in our study benefit from help. We found that subjects who have been cyberbullied had a significantly higher risk of having bullied friends (P < .0001). Also, we identified a significant association between the teenagers' relationship with the parents and the incidence of bullying (P = .002). Domestic violence and the male gender were significant risk factors for committing cyberbullying (P = .0014/0.0020). Cyberbullying had a negative impact also on the harasser, and previous victims of cyberbullying had a significantly higher risk of becoming bullied (P < .0001). Also, we found a significant association between the type of substance and the perpetration of aggression (P < .0001). Further studies should focus on designing effective strategies in order to decrease the incidence of this harmful online act of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Borka Balas
- Department of Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | | | - Dana Valentina Ghiga
- Department of Medical Scientific Research Methodology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Tian Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Jiang N, Liu X, Zhao G, Wang X. Alcohol consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:208. [PMID: 37286970 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the association of light to moderate alcohol consumption with cause-specific mortality. Therefore, this study sought to examine the prospective association of alcohol consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the US population. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study of adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2014) with linkage to the National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Self-reported alcohol consumption was categorized into seven groups (lifetime abstainers; former infrequent or regular drinkers; and current infrequent, light, moderate, or heavy drinkers). The main outcome was all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 12.65 years, among the 918,529 participants (mean age 46.1 years; 48.0% male), 141,512 adults died from all causes, 43,979 from cardiovascular disease (CVD), 33,222 from cancer, 8246 from chronic lower respiratory tract diseases, 5572 from accidents (unintentional injuries), 4776 from Alzheimer's disease, 4845 from diabetes mellitus, 2815 from influenza and pneumonia, and 2692 from nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis. Compared with lifetime abstainers, current infrequent, light, or moderate drinkers were at a lower risk of mortality from all causes [infrequent-hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.84 to 0.90; light: 0.77; 0.75 to 0.79; moderate 0.82; 0.80 to 0.85], CVD, chronic lower respiratory tract diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and influenza and pneumonia. Also, light or moderate drinkers were associated with lower risk of mortality from diabetes mellitus and nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis. In contrast, heavy drinkers had a significantly higher risk of mortality from all causes, cancer, and accidents (unintentional injuries). Furthermore, binge drinking ≥ 1 day/week was associated with a higher risk of mortality from all causes (1.15; 1.09 to 1.22), cancer (1.22; 1.10 to 1.35), and accidents (unintentional injuries) (1.39; 1.11 to 1.74). CONCLUSIONS Infrequent, light, and moderate alcohol consumption were inversely associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, chronic lower respiratory tract diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and influenza and pneumonia. Light or moderate alcohol consumption might also have a beneficial effect on mortality from diabetes mellitus and nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis. However, heavy or binge had a higher risk of all-cause, cancer, and accidents (unintentional injuries) mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Nana Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Abio A, Ngum P, Lowery Wilson M, Bärnighausen T, Lule H. Sociodemographic distribution and correlates of nonfatal unintentional non-traffic-related injuries in Kenya: Results from the 2014 demographic and health survey. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1323. [PMID: 37292100 PMCID: PMC10246455 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Injuries are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There exists a paucity of nationally representative injury data from the sub-Saharan African region on the nature of injuries outside of road traffic contexts. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal unintentional injuries that occurred outside of the traffic environment among persons aged 15-54 years in Kenya. Methods We used the 2014 Kenyan Demographic Health Survey data to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal unintentional injuries and their injury mechanisms. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of unintentional injuries and associated factors. Results Injury prevalence was three times higher among males (27.56%) compared to females (8.25%). The highest prevalence for females and males respectively was among those aged 15-19 years (9.80%) and (31.18%), rural residents (8.45%) and (30.05%) and those who consumed alcohol (18.13%), and (31.39%). For both females and males, the most frequent injuries were cuts (4.95%; 18.15%) and as result of falls (3.29%; 8.92%) respectively. Burns were more prevalent among females (1.65%) compared to males (0.76%). Among males, the demographic and contextual factors associated with nontraffic unintentional injuries were residing in a rural area (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14, 1.56), primary education (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.48, 2.76), a higher wealth index (second quintile OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19, 1.67) and consuming alcohol (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32, 1.69). Females who had completed primary, secondary (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.92, 3.08) or higher education had higher odds of unintentional injuries. Conclusion The findings mirror prior literature highlighting the clustering of demographic and behavioral factors which underlie predisposition to injuries outside of the traffic environment. Future nationally representative studies would benefit from deeper inquiry into and measurement of injury severity and health care utilization to inform strategic policy-relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abio
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesInjury Epidemiology and Prevention (IEP) Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University Hospital and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Ngum
- Department of NeurologyTurku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Michael Lowery Wilson
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University Hospital and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University Hospital and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Herman Lule
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesInjury Epidemiology and Prevention (IEP) Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Choy K, Dyamenahalli KU, Khair S, Colborn KL, Wiktor AJ, Idrovo JP, McMahan RH, Burnham EL, Kovacs EJ. Aberrant inflammatory responses in intoxicated burn-injured patients parallel impaired cognitive function. Alcohol 2023; 109:35-41. [PMID: 36690221 PMCID: PMC10175175 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Burn-injured patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased morbidity and mortality compared to alcohol-abstaining individuals with similar injuries. It is hypothesized that this is due, in part, to alcohol-induced dysregulation of the systemic inflammatory response, leading to worsened clinical outcomes, including increased susceptibility to infection, and heightened cognitive impairment. To examine the effects of alcohol on inflammatory markers after burn injury, we used multiplex assays to measure a panel of 48 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the plasma of burn patents within 24 h of admission to the University of Colorado Burn Center. Thirty patients were enrolled between July 2018 to February 2020 and were stratified based on presence of AUD and total body surface area (TBSA) burn of ≥20% into four groups: [AUD-, TBSA <20%, N = 12], [AUD+, TBSA <20%, N = 3], [AUD-, TBSA ≥20%, N = 8], [AUD+, TBSA ≥20%, N = 7]. In addition, Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) scores were collected to evaluate patient delirium during the course of hospitalization. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated a number of cytokines and other factors that were significantly different between the groups. For example, the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was dampened in the AUD+, TBSA ≥20% cohort with a 75.2% decrease compared to AUD-, TBSA ≥20%, and an 83.9% decrease compared to AUD-, TBSA <20% (p = 0.008). Additionally, plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1) was higher in the AUD + groups (p = 0.03) and similarly, IL-18 levels were greater in AUD+, TBSA ≥20% (p = 0.009). Eotaxin (also known as cytokine CC motif ligand 11, CCL11) was markedly elevated in the AUD+, TBSA ≥20% cohort with a 2.4-fold increase over the AUD-, TBSA ≥20%, and a 1.7-fold rise compared to the AUD-, TBSA <20% cohorts (p = 0.04). Interestingly, there was also a marked rise in CAM + delirium scores (85.7%) among the AUD + patients with TBSA ≥20% (p = 0.02). Not surprisingly, we found that hospital stays increased with AUD+ and larger burns (p = 0.0009). Our findings reveal that burn patients who misuse alcohol have aberrant inflammatory responses that may lead to greater immune dysregulation and worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Choy
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kiran U Dyamenahalli
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn L Colborn
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Arek J Wiktor
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System Research Service, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System Research Service, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Zhou HY, Luo YH, Shi LJ, Gong J. Exploring psychological and psychosocial correlates of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide in college students using network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00734-6. [PMID: 37257782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide are a serious health concern in young people. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the correlates and risk factors for suicidality. However, it remains unclear the complex interplay between different factors and which factors are most saliently associated with NSSI and suicide risk and should be targeted for interventions. METHODS This study utilized network analysis to examine the interrelationship between NSSI, suicide and a variety of psychological (e.g., depression, psychotic-like experiences) and psychosocial (e.g., childhood maltreatment, family dysfunction, being bullied and social support) correlates in a sample of Chinese first year college students (n = 2328). RESULTS The severity of depressive symptoms was the only factor connected to both NSSI and suicide. Other psychiatric factors like psychotic experiences could only act in an indirect way via the bridging effect of depression. Emotional abuse, compared with other forms of childhood adversities, was found to be the most influential maltreatment form associated with suicidal ideation and attempts. Finally, social support showed the potential to lower the risk of self-injury and suicide in young people. LIMITATIONS Only a subset of risk and resilience factors of NSSI and suicide were included. Causal inference was impossible due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the importance of identifying risk groups with mental illnesses or negative childhood events, and providing additional support during the key time of transitioning into higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Hong Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan university of Chinese medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Juan Shi
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Peinado BRR, Aragão WAB, Pereira CDS, da Silva DCB, Ferreira RDO, Chaves-Neto AH, Fernandes LMP, Lima RR. Physical Exercise Mitigates Salivary Gland and Saliva Damages in Rats Exposed to Binge-like Ethanol Pattern. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051038. [PMID: 37237904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy episodic ethanol (EtOH) consumption is a typical pattern, especially among younger people. The therapeutic effect of exercise on EtOH damage has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether moderate exercise can reduce the damage generated by ethanol consumption in salivary glands and saliva. Thus, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (sedentary animals treated with water); training (trained animals treated with EtOH); EtOH (sedentary animals treated with EtOH); and EtOH + training (trained animals treated with ethanol). EtOH was administered to the animals at a dose of 3 g/kg/day at a concentration of 20% w/v for three consecutive days per week via intragastric gavage. The training was performed on a treadmill for five successive days. At the end of the 4-week experimental protocol, the animals were euthanized, and salivary glands and saliva were collected for oxidative biochemistry analysis. Our results showed that EtOH consumption generated changes in the oxidative biochemistry of the salivary glands and saliva. Thus, it was possible to conclude that moderate physical exercise can significantly recover antioxidant activity, reducing the damage generated by EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Cristian Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Diane Cleydes Baia da Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Center of Sciences Biological and Health, State University of Pará, Belém 66087662, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
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37
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Wang PY, Tseng WC, Lee MC, Hsu LM, Shin SD, Jamaluddin SF, Tanaka H, Son DN, Hong KJ, Riyapan S, Haedar A, Chiang WC. Characteristics of non-accidental injuries in children and adolescents in Asia: a cross-national, multicenter cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6602. [PMID: 37088796 PMCID: PMC10123055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents are vulnerable to non-accidental injury. Early identification and prevention rely on detailed epidemiological studies, which are limited in Asia. This retrospective study used the registry data of Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study (PATOS) from October 1, 2015 to December, 31, 2020. Pediatric patients (aged < 20 years) with non-accidental injuries were enrolled, which were divided by age into preschool (0-6 years), child (7-12 years), and adolescent (13-19 years) groups. Baseline characteristics, injury epidemiology, and excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score (EMR-ISS) were collected. Major trauma was defined as an EMR-ISS score > 24. The study enrolled 451 patients with non-accidental injuries, accounting for 2.81% of pediatric trauma events presented to an emergency department in the PATOS registry. The overall mortality rate was 0.9%, similar to those in Western countries. Mortality rate was high in preschool children (8.7%, p = 0.017) than in other age groups. The sex-specific incidence was higher in boys (3.10% vs. 2.13%, p = 0.001). In adolescents, more events occurred on the street (25.9%), whereas home remained the most common locale in girls of all ages. In the multivariable regression analysis, abdominal and multiple injuries were risk factors for major trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Hsu
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical Service System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Do Ngoc Son
- Center for Critical Care Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki Jeong Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sattha Riyapan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ali Haedar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wen-Chu Chiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan.
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Casswell S, Huckle T, Parker K, Graydon‐Guy T, Leung J, Parry C, Torun P, Sengee G, Pham C, Gray‐Phillip G, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Randerson S. Effective alcohol policies are associated with reduced consumption among demographic groups who drink heavily. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:786-795. [PMID: 37087719 PMCID: PMC10947406 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol policies stand out among other noncommunicable disease-relevant policies for the lack of uptake. Composite indicators have been developed to measure the effects of alcohol control policy. We investigated whether drinking patterns among demographic groups from general population samples of drinkers from diverse countries are associated with alcohol control policy as measured by the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index. METHODS Representative samples of adult drinkers from 10 countries (five high-income and five middle-income) were surveyed about alcohol consumption, using beverage and location-specific questions. MEASUREMENTS The IAC Policy Index was analyzed with frequency, typical occasion quantity, and volume consumed. Analyses used mixed models that included interactions between country IAC Policy Index score and age group, gender, and education level. FINDINGS Each increase in IAC policy index score (reflecting more effective alcohol policy) was associated with a 13.9% decrease in drinking frequency (p = 0.006) and a 16.5% decrease in volume (p = 0.001). With each increase in IAC Policy Index score, both genders decreased for all three measures, but men less so than women. Women decreased their typical occasion quantity by 1.2% (p = 0.006), frequency by 3.1% (p < 0.001), and total volume by 4.2% (p < 0.001) compared to men. Low and mid-education groups decreased their typical occasion quantity by 2.6% (p < 0.001) and 1.6% (p = 0.001), respectively, compared to high education, while for drinking frequency the low education group increased by 7.0% (p < 0.001). There was an overall effect of age (F = 19.27, p < 0.0001), with 18-19 and 20-24-year-olds showing the largest decreases in typical occasion quantity with increasing IAC policy index score. CONCLUSIONS The IAC Policy Index, reflecting four effective policies, was associated with volume and frequency of drinking across 10 diverse countries. Each increase in the IAC Policy Index was associated with lower typical quantities consumed among groups reporting heavy drinking: young adults and less well-educated. There is value in implementing such alcohol policies and a need to accelerate their uptake globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Thomas Graydon‐Guy
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - June Leung
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public HealthHamidiye International Medical SchoolIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gantuya Sengee
- Public Health Policy and Coordination DepartmentNational Center for Public Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Cuong Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR)Hanoi University of Public HealthHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health & Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Present address:
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Steve Randerson
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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Ware OD, Labos B, Hudgins D, Irvin NA, Buresh ME, Bergeria CL, Sweeney MM. Prior Periods of Abstinence Among Adults With an Alcohol Use
Disorder: A Qualitative Template Analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 17:11782218231162468. [PMID: 36968973 PMCID: PMC10034338 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231162468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstaining from substance use is a goal of many people with alcohol use disorder
(AUD). Understanding patient perspectives of a period of abstinence may assist
persons with AUD in achieving this goal. We accessed the electronic health
records of adults with AUD entering an emergency department in Baltimore,
Maryland, who received a brief peer support intervention for substance use. Data
contained open-ended text entered by staff after a patient indicated ever having
a sustained period of substance abstinence. Using qualitative template analysis
methodology, we identified codes and themes from these open-ended responses from
N = 153 adults with AUD. The sample was primarily male (n = 109, 71.2%) and
White (n = 98, 64.1%) with an average age of 43.8 years (SD = 11.2). Themes
identified included the abstinence length, abstinence reason, relapse, triggers,
time of relapse, and treatment. The most common code for abstinence length was
“between 1 and 5 years” (n = 55, 35.9%). Other abstinence length codes included
“less than 1 year” and “more than 5 years.” Relapse triggers included “family
(non-death),” “death of a loved one,” “social,” “economic,” and
“treatment-related” reasons. Findings from this study could be used to inform
strategies for peer support interventions to assist patients with substance
abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin D. Ware
- School of Social Work, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Orrin D. Ware, School of Social Work,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, Chapel Hill,
NC 27599, USA.
| | - Breanna Labos
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniella Hudgins
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A. Irvin
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan E. Buresh
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Addiction Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,
USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cecilia L. Bergeria
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary M. Sweeney
- Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Schifferle AK, Eggmann F, Mukaddam K, Kühl S, Filippi A. General and dental injuries sustained at concerts: A questionnaire-based study. Dent Traumatol 2023; 39:44-48. [PMID: 36116120 PMCID: PMC10086961 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Evidence on the risk of injury at concerts is scant. The aim of this study was to collect data on general and dental injuries incurred by concertgoers in Switzerland and to investigate whether the frequency of accidents was related to music genre, gender and consumption of alcohol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study comprising 451 concertgoers in Switzerland was conducted on the timeframe January 2019 to February 2021. The survey gathered data on general and dental injuries, alcohol consumption and drug use. The statistical analysis included Fisher's exact tests, chi-squared tests, rank sum tests and logistic regressions (α = .05). RESULTS There were 28.8% of respondents who reported an injury incurred at a concert. Contusion was the most prevalent injury, accounting for 33.8% of all injuries. Legs were the most commonly injured body part (34.6%). Injuries to their mouth/lips/teeth were reported by 17.7% of respondents. Dental injuries, accounting for 4.6% of all reported injuries, comprised four tooth fractures, one lateral luxation and one avulsion. The risk of injury while attending punk rock concerts was 8.6 times higher than for pop concerts (p < .001). In comparison with pop concerts, metal and rock concerts had an increased risk of injury by factors of 5.1 and 2.3, respectively (p ≤ .029). Neither gender nor drug use had a significant effect on the injury risk (p ≥ .3). Heavy alcohol consumption (>5 standard glasses) increased the risk of injury by a factor of 2.3 (p = .028). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that concert attendees at rock, metal and punk concerts face an increased risk of injury, which is likely due to the frequency of aggressive dance styles such as moshing. Heavy alcohol consumption leads to a greater risk of injury at concerts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Schifferle
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florin Eggmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Khaled Mukaddam
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kühl
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Filippi
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Allen HC, Weafer J, Wesley MJ, Fillmore MT. Heightened motor impairment as a protective factor against heavy drinking in individuals with high alcohol-induced disinhibition. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:414-424. [PMID: 36549890 PMCID: PMC9991985 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral disinhibition and motor impairment are both acutely elevated following alcohol consumption, and individual differences in sensitivity to alcohol-induced increases in these effects are associated with drinking habits. Specifically, high alcohol-induced disinhibition and low motor impairment have been identified as separate markers for alcohol-related problems. This study tested the degree to which alcohol-induced disinhibition and motor impairment jointly predict heavy drinking. We hypothesized that heavier drinkers would exhibit a combination of high sensitivity to alcohol-induced disinhibition and low sensitivity to its motor impairing effect. METHODS Data from three studies were aggregated to comprise a sample of 96 young adults. Participants' motor coordination (grooved pegboard) and behavioral disinhibition (cued go/no-go) were assessed following consumption of 0.65 g/kg alcohol and a placebo during separate sessions. RESULTS As BAC was ascending, alcohol increased motor impairment and disinhibition compared to placebo. Combined effects at this time of alcohol on motor impairment and disinhibition predicted typical drinking habits. Specifically, a combination of high sensitivity to alcohol's disinhibiting effect and low sensitivity to its motor impairing effect was associated with heavy drinking. As BAC was descending, only reduced sensitivity to motor impairment remained as a predictor of heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that although motor impairment following alcohol consumption is associated with certain negative outcomes (e.g., increased risk for physical injury and motor vehicle accidents), such heightened motor impairment from alcohol may actually serve as a protective factor against the excessive drinking that can accompany the disinhibiting effect of alcohol.
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Borrelli I, Santoro PE, Gualano MR, Perrotta A, Daniele A, Amantea C, Moscato U. Alcohol Consumption in the Workplace: A Comparison between European Union Countries' Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16964. [PMID: 36554848 PMCID: PMC9779578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is an ever-growing phenomenon in the population, consumption data indicate that 5-20% of the European working population have serious problems related to alcohol. The use of alcohol constitutes a risk to the health and safety of workers as well as to the safety of the general population. The present work aims to address the problem of alcohol intake in occupational settings by comparatively analyzing alcohol consumption behavior within the 27 countries of the European Union. METHODS The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences between the 27 countries of the European Union in the application of measures to assess and manage the risk of alcohol intake in occupational settings. RESULTS An examination of the legislation and guidelines of the different countries reveals profound differences in the management of the problem of alcohol in the workplace. The discrepancy is very wide that it ranges from the complete absence of legislative restrictions on a national level in some countries to highly restrictive measures with severe sanctions in others. CONCLUSIONS It would be appropriate-also for the purpose of ease of movement of workers within the European Community-to find shared management models useful for protecting the health and safety of workers and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Borrelli
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Santoro
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- School of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Perrotta
- Department of Prevention, U.O.S.T. Interdistrettuale Ambienti di Lavoro Ambito Sud, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Daniele
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Amantea
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Xu Y, Chen M, Yang R, Wumaierjiang M, Huang S. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Road Injuries from 1990 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16479. [PMID: 36554366 PMCID: PMC9779128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding occurrence can help formulate effective preventative laws and regulations. However, the most recent global burden and road injuries (RIs) trends have not been reported. This study reports the burden of RIs globally from 1990 to 2019. (2) Methods: RIs data were downloaded from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) described the trend and burden of RIs. We calculated age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for the above indexes to evaluate the temporal trend of RIs. We evaluated the social-demographic index (SDI) with epidemiological RI parameters and reported proportions of age-standardized rates due to RI. (3) Results: In 2019, the global incidence of RIs reached 103.2 million. The EAPC of RI incidence increased, whereas deaths and DALYs decreased. Age-standardized incident rate (ASIR) was highest in low-middle SDI regions, age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was high in middle SDI regions, and age-standardized DALYs increased in low SDI regions. The highest accident rates were found in those aged 20-24 years old. Cyclist injuries were the leading RIs (34%), though pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of death (37.4%, 37.6%) and DALYs (35.7%, 32.3%), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Over the past 30 years, RIs incidence increased annually, though death and DALY rates decreased. RIs places a considerable burden on public health in low SDI countries. Data should be used to develop and implement effective measures to reduce the burden of RIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Meikai Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruitong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Muhemaiti Wumaierjiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Shengli Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Alhaidan T, Alzahrani AR, Alamri A, Katpa AA, Halabi A, Felemban AH, Alsanosi SM, Al-Ghamdi SS, Ayoub N. Reported Cases of Alcohol Consumption and Poisoning for the Years 2015 to 2022 in Hail, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15291. [PMID: 36430010 PMCID: PMC9691105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and its poisoning among the Saudi population in the city of Hail, KSA. Data from a retrospective cohort were collected qualitatively at King Khalid Hospital (KKH) and Hail General Hospital (HGH), covering 550 participants from 2015 to 2022. Two groups were formed comprising patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) and community members; their ages ranged from 19 to 75 years. Group 1 contained 400 participants, of which 250 were patients (244 males, six females) who came to the (ER) with a suspected alcohol overdose or poisoning, and 150 were patients (128 males and 22 females) who were discharged from the (ER) with minimal complaints because of their drinking. Group 2 comprised 150 participants (128 males, 22 females) who were community members, who were surveyed using a questionnaire or interview. In Group 1, 30% of patients reported an altered state of consciousness as a major complaint, 28.8% of patients exhibited abnormal liver function tests (LFTs), 27% had abnormal renal function tests (RFT) with decreased glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and elevated levels of urea and creatinine or low levels of electrolytes or calcium, and 35.6% patients showed elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes. One death was reported due to high alcohol consumption. In Group 2, the community participants reported that they started drinking alcohol due to the influence of other people (29%), stress (11%), depression (10.8%), curiosity (4.4%), and boredom (4%). In addition, 77% of participants were frequent alcohol drinkers and 20% consumed it daily. Further, 68.7% claimed to drink alcohol for more than one hour at a time, while 83.3% experienced blackouts and 70% had problems related to their liver. Moreover, 72.7% of the participants ended up in the hospital and 34.6% suffered from multiple chronic diseases. It is concluded that social influences and stress contributed to the initiation of alcohol use. Despite data gaps, the findings of this study provide a practical understanding of alcohol consumption among the Saudi population and guidance for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Alhaidan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Toxicology Society, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55255, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar A. Katpa
- Department of Nephrology, King Khalid Hospital, Hail 55421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Halabi
- Department of Pharmacy, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Primary Health Care, Alhusainiah, Makkah 24249, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa H. Felemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Toxicology Society, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa M. Alsanosi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Toxicology Society, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Toxicology Society, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 24375, Saudi Arabia
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Goldman-Mellor S, Kaplan MS, Qin P. Mortality Risk Following Nonfatal Injuries With Alcohol Use Disorder Involvement: A One-Year Follow-Up of Emergency Department Patients Using Linked Administrative Data. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:879-887. [PMID: 36484585 PMCID: PMC9756401 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient presentations to the emergency department (ED) for alcohol-involved injury represent a growing public health burden, but their characteristics and sequelae remain understudied. This study examined mortality rates among ED patients presenting with alcohol-involved injuries and assessed how mortality varied by injury intent and other characteristics. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used statewide, longitudinally linked ED patient record and mortality data from California. Participants comprised all residents presenting to a licensed ED in 2009-2012 with a nonfatal injury that involved comorbid diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 261,222; 59.3% male). Injury intent was defined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification external cause-of-injury codes. Cox regression was used to investigate factors associated with 12-month all-cause mortality rates. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using statewide mortality data. RESULTS Most ED injury visits involving an AUD diagnosis were coded as unintentional (75.9%). Following the index ED visit, all-cause mortality among AUD-involved injury patients was 5,205 per 100,000 person-years, five times higher than the demographically matched population (SMR = 5.3; 95% confidence interval [5.2, 5.4]). Adjusted Cox regression models indicated that patients whose index injury was unintentional, and whose AUD was for acute intoxication, had significantly higher mortality. Most deaths among unintentionally injured patients were from natural causes, whereas external-cause deaths were relatively more common in the other patient groups. CONCLUSIONS AUD-involved injury presentations to the ED in California are common and associated with high patient mortality burden, which varies by injury intent. Interventions are needed to reduce excess mortality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Goldman-Mellor
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
| | - Mark S. Kaplan
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Oshima S, Shiiya S, Kato Y. Slow Drinking of Beer Attenuates Subjective Sedative Feeling in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214502. [PMID: 36364765 PMCID: PMC9653949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The change in physiological parameters and subjective feelings according to the speed of drinking alcohol has not been reported to date. The aim of this randomized crossover pilot study was to investigate the objective and subjective effects of different speeds of alcohol ingestion in healthy volunteers. Accordingly, 11 male and 7 female healthy Japanese adults were asked to consume 480 mL of beer at three different drinking speeds (80, 40, and 20 mL/5 min). According to the objective measurement, the transient increase in blood alcohol and serum uric acid concentrations was most inhibited at a drinking speed of 20 mL/5 min. Acetate, lactate, pyruvate, and lactate/pyruvate ratios did not differ between the three drinking speeds. Stimulant feelings measured by the subjective scores of the Brief Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale did not differ between the three speeds. However, the sedative feeling score obtained at a drinking speed of 20 mL/5 min (the slowest speed of alcohol consumption) was significantly weakened in comparison with those obtained at drinking speeds of 40 and 80 mL/5 min. Therefore, a slower consumption of alcohol mitigated the subjective sedative feeling. The effects of slower alcohol consumption may be caused by the slower slope of the increasing trend of blood alcohol concentration.
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The Status of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101919. [PMID: 36290642 PMCID: PMC9598131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD). This meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the changes in the levels of OS biomarkers in AD patients. We included relevant literature published before 1 April 2022, from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases following PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 15 eligible articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 860 patients and 849 controls. Compared with healthy controls, AD patients had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes, and lower levels of albumin, while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin B12, homocysteine, and bilirubin were significantly increased in serum/plasma samples of AD subjects (all p < 0.05). In male patients, the activities of SOD and GPx were increased in serum/plasma but decreased in erythrocytes (all p < 0.05). The opposite trends in the level of SOD and GPx activities in serum/plasma and erythrocytes of male patients could be used as the biomarker of alcohol-induced OS injury, and the synergistic changes of MDA, vitamin B12, albumin, bilirubin, and homocysteine levels should also be considered.
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Anderson P, Kokole D, Jané Llopis E, Burton R, Lachenmeier DW. Lower Strength Alcohol Products—A Realist Review-Based Road Map for European Policy Making. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183779. [PMID: 36145155 PMCID: PMC9500668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the result of a realist review based on a theory of change that substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength alcohol products leads to decreases in overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups. The paper summarizes the results of 128 publications across twelve different themes. European consumers are increasingly buying and drinking lower strength alcohol products over time, with some two fifths doing so to drink less alcohol. It tends to be younger more socially advantaged men, and existing heavier buyers and drinkers of alcohol, who take up lower strength alcohol products. Substitution leads to a lower number of grams of alcohol bought and drunk. Although based on limited studies, buying and drinking lower strength products do not appear to act as gateways to buying and drinking higher strength products. Producer companies are increasing the availability of lower strength alcohol products, particularly for beer, with extra costs of production offset by income from sales. Lower strength alcohol products tend to be marketed as compliments to, rather than substitutes of, existing alcohol consumption, with, to date, the impact of such marketing not evaluated. Production of lower strength alcohol products could impair the impact of existing alcohol policy through alibi marketing (using the brand of lower strength products to promote higher strength products), broadened normalization of drinking cultures, and pressure to weaken policies. In addition to increasing the availability of lower strength products and improved labelling, the key policy that favours substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength products is an alcohol tax based on the dose of alcohol across all products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Daša Kokole
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané Llopis
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robyn Burton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Straße 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Anderson P, O’Donnell A, Jané Llopis E, Kaner E. The impact of lower strength alcohol products on alcohol purchases: ARIMA analyses based on 4 million purchases by 69 803 households, 2015-2019. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:e567-e577. [PMID: 35470372 PMCID: PMC9715288 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowering the strength of alcohol products could lead to less alcohol being bought and drunk. In its prevention White Paper, the UK Government aims to promote a significant increase in the availability of alcohol-free and low-alcohol products by 2025. METHODS Through descriptive analysis and ARIMA modelling of >4 million alcohol purchases from 69 803 British households, we study the potential impact of lower strength alcohol products in reducing household purchases of grams of alcohol over 2015-2019. Households are divided into predominantly beer, wine or spirits purchasers. RESULTS Over 5 years, there were decreases in purchases of grams of alcohol within beer amongst beer-purchasing households and increases in purchases of grams of alcohol within wine and spirits amongst, respectively, wine- and spirits-purchasing households. Almost all the changes were due to beer-purchasing households buying less regular strength beer, and wine and spirits-purchasing households buying, respectively, more regular strength wine and spirits, rather than increases in purchases of no- and low-alcohol products. CONCLUSIONS In general, lower strength alcohol products have not contributed to British households buying fewer grams of alcohol over the 5-year follow-up period during 2015-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy O’Donnell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Eva Jané Llopis
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, Netherlands,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada,ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
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The Impact of Alcoholic Beverages on Human Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124417. [PMID: 34959968 PMCID: PMC8706792 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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