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Chen M, Chang S, Xu Y, Guo H, Liu J. Dietary Beetroot Juice - Effects in Patients with COPD: A Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1755-1765. [PMID: 39099609 PMCID: PMC11296515 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s473397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exerts a severe toll on human health and the economy, with high prevalence and mortality rates. The search for bioactive components effective in the treatment of COPD has become a focal point of research. Beetroot juice, readily accessible and cost-effective, is noted for its ability to enhance athletic performance and for its preventive and therapeutic impact on hypertension. Beetroot juice is a rich source of dietary nitrates and modulates physiological processes via the nitrate-nitrite- nitric oxide pathway, exerting multiple beneficial effects such as antihypertensive, bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering actions. This paper provides a review of the existing research on the effects of beetroot juice on COPD, summarizing its potential in enhancing exercise capacity, lowering blood pressure, improving vascular function, and ameliorating sleep quality among patients with COPD. The review serves as a reference for the prospective use of beetroot juice in the symptomatic improvement of COPD, as well as in the prevention of exacerbations and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Center Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Clayton TL. Obesity and hypertension: Obesity medicine association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) 2023. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 8:100083. [PMID: 38125655 PMCID: PMC10728712 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of the mechanisms and treatment of obesity and hypertension. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results Mechanisms contributing to obesity-related hypertension include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, insulin resistance, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, renal dysfunction, vascular dysfunction, heart dysfunction, increased pancreatic insulin secretion, sleep apnea, and psychosocial stress. Adiposopathic factors that may contribute to hypertension include increased release of free fatty acids, increased leptin, decreased adiponectin, increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, increased 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, reduced nitric oxide activity, and increased inflammation. Conclusions Increase in body fat is the most common cause of hypertension. Among patients with obesity and hypertension, weight reduction via healthful nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, bariatric surgery, and anti-obesity medications mostly decrease blood pressure, with the greatest degree of weight reduction generally correlated with the greatest degree of blood pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Lowe Clayton
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, WakeMed Bariatric Surgery and Medical Weight Loss USA
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27546, Levine Hall Room 170 USA
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3
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Tsuge M, Uda K, Eitoku T, Matsumoto N, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H. Roles of Oxidative Injury and Nitric Oxide System Derangements in Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15450. [PMID: 37895129 PMCID: PMC10607378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs mostly in children younger than five years. KD involves multiple intricately connected inflammatory reactions activated by a cytokine cascade. Despite therapeutic advances, coronary artery damage may develop in some patients, who will be at risk of clinical cardiovascular events and even sudden death. The etiology of KD remains unclear; however, it may involve both genetic and environmental factors leading to aberrant inflammatory responses. Given the young age of onset, prenatal or perinatal exposure may be etiologically relevant. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a post-infectious hyper-inflammatory disorder associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has features that overlap with those of KD. Available evidence indicates that vascular endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the sequence of events leading to the development of cardiovascular lesions in KD. Oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the nitric oxide (NO) system contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses related to this disease. This review provides current evidence and concepts highlighting the adverse effects of oxidative injury and NO system derangements on the initiation and progression of KD and potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular pathologies in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Uda
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Eitoku
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan;
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
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Balendra V, Amoroso C, Galassi B, Esposto J, Bareggi C, Luu J, Scaramella L, Ghidini M. High-Salt Diet Exacerbates H. pylori Infection and Increases Gastric Cancer Risks. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37763093 PMCID: PMC10533117 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth-leading contributor to global cancer incidence and the fourth-highest in terms of cancer-related mortality. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to inflammation and ulceration, atrophic and chronic gastritis, and eventually, increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we delve into the combined impact of a high-salt diet (HSD) and concurrent H. pylori infection, which act as predisposing factors for gastric malignancy. A multitude of mechanisms come into play, fostering the development of gastric adenocarcinoma due to the synergy between an HSD and H. pylori colonization. These encompass the disruption of mucosal barriers, cellular integrity, modulation of H. pylori gene expression, oxidative stress induction, and provocation of inflammatory responses. On the whole, gastric cancer patients were reported to have a higher median sodium intake with respect to healthy controls. H. pylori infection constitutes an additional risk factor, with a particular impact on the population with the highest daily sodium intake. Consequently, drawing from epidemiological discoveries, substantial evidence suggests that diminishing salt intake and employing antibacterial therapeutics could potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Josephine Esposto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L0G2, Canada;
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennie Luu
- The University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA;
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
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Veronese N, Maniscalco L, Matranga D, Lacca G, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Association Between Pollution and Frailty in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Biobank. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:475-481.e3. [PMID: 36774967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is a relevant issue in older people, being associated with several negative outcomes. Increasing literature is reporting that pollution (particularly air pollution) can increase the risk of frailty, but the research is still limited. We aimed to investigate the potential association of pollution (air, noise) with frailty and prefrailty among participants 60 years and older of the UK Biobank study. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Older participants (age ≥ 60 years) participating to the UK Biobank. METHODS Frailty and prefrailty presence were ascertained using a model including 5 indicators (weakness, slowness, weight loss, low physical activity, and exhaustion). Air pollution was measured through residential exposures to nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10). The average residential sound level during the daytime, the evening, and night was used as an index for noise pollution. RESULTS A total of 220,079 subjects, aged 60 years and older, was included. The partial proportional odds model, adjusted for several confounders, showed that the increment in the exposure to NOx was associated with a higher probability of being in both the prefrail and frail category [odds ratio (OR) 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.004]. Similarly, the increase in the exposure to PM2.5-10 was associated with a higher probability of being prefrail and frail (OR 1.014; 95% CI 1.001-1.036), such as the increment in the exposure to PM2.5 that was associated with a higher probability of being frail (OR 1.018; 95% CI 1.001-1.037). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study indicates that the exposure to air pollutants as PM2.5, PM2.5-10, or NOx might be associated with frailty and prefrailty, suggesting that air pollution can contribute to frailty and indicating that the frailty prevention and intervention strategies should take into account the dangerous impact of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Lacca
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ligia J Dominguez
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University Kore of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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6
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De R, Azad RK. Molecular signatures in the progression of COVID-19 severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22058. [PMID: 36543855 PMCID: PMC9768786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 that has infected over 642 million and killed over 6.6 million people around the globe. Underlying a wide range of clinical manifestations of this disease, from moderate to extremely severe systemic conditions, could be genes or pathways differentially expressing in the hosts. It is therefore important to gain insights into pathways involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis and host defense and thus understand the host response to this pathogen at the physiological and molecular level. To uncover genes and pathways involved in the differential clinical manifestations of this disease, we developed a novel gene co-expression network based pipeline that uses gene expression obtained from different SARS-CoV-2 infected human tissues. We leveraged the network to identify novel genes or pathways that likely differentially express and could be physiologically significant in the COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression but were deemed statistically non-significant and therefore not further investigated in the original studies. Our network-based approach aided in the identification of co-expression modules enriched in differentially expressing genes (DEGs) during different stages of COVID-19 and enabled discovery of novel genes involved in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, by virtue of their transcript abundance and association with genes expressing differentially in modules enriched in DEGs. We further prioritized by considering only those enriched gene modules that have most of their genes differentially expressed, inferred by the original studies or this study, and document here 7 novel genes potentially involved in moderate, 2 in severe, 48 in extremely severe COVID-19, and 96 novel genes involved in the progression of COVID-19 from severe to extremely severe conditions. Our study shines a new light on genes and their networks (modules) that drive the progression of COVID-19 from moderate to extremely severe condition. These findings could aid development of new therapeutics to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronika De
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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7
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Nitric oxide bioavailability for red blood cell deformability in the microcirculation: A review of recent progress. Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:25-29. [PMID: 36184009 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The rheological properties of red blood cells (RBCs) play an important role in their microcirculation. RBCs can elastically deform in response to mechanical forces to pass through narrow vessels for effective gas exchange in peripheral tissues. Decreased RBC deformability is observed in lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, which are pathological conditions linked to increased oxidative stress and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Redox-sensitive cysteine residues on RBC cytoskeletal proteins, such as α- and β-spectrins, responsible for membrane flexibility, are affected by prolonged oxidative stress, leading to reversible and irreversible oxidative modifications and decreased RBC deformability. However, endogenously, and exogenously generated NO protects RBC membrane flexibility from further oxidative modification by shielding redox-sensitive cysteine residues with a glutathione cap. Recent studies have shown that nitrate-rich diets and moderate exercise can enhance NO production to increase RBC deformability by increasing the interplay between RBCs and vascular endothelium-mediated NO bioavailability for microcirculation. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of RBC- and non-RBC-mediated NO generation, and how diet- and exercise-derived NO exert prophylactic effects against decreased RBC deformability in lifestyle-related diseases with vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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8
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Corrêa HL, Simões HG, Neves RVP, Deus LA, Rosa TS. The potential role of physical activity and a healthy diet in increasing nitric oxide during COVID-19 outbreak. Sci Sports 2022; 37:639-642. [PMID: 36062207 PMCID: PMC9420716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of physical activity and a healthy diet in increasing nitric oxide during COVID-19 outbreak. This manuscript presents a perspective which provide new insights about the promising role of nitric oxide on COVID-19. Demonstration that nitric oxide was an important cornerstone against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-1 in 2009. Thus, given the concern that higher NO− could improve endothelial health and might be a protection factor against COVID-19, should we critically consider non-pharmacological strategies that increase NO− bioavailability as medicine for COVID-19? From this perspective, we highlight the potential effect of physical activity and healthy diet in stimulating the increase of NO− bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Corrêa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal district, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - H G Simões
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal district, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - R V P Neves
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal district, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - L A Deus
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal district, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - T S Rosa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal district, Brasilia, Brazil
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9
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de Alwis N, Binder NK, Mangwiro YTM, Beard S, Pritchard N, Kadife E, Fato BR, Keenan E, Brownfoot FC, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ, Hannan NJ. Actions of Esomeprazole on the Maternal Vasculature in Lean and Obese Pregnant Mice with Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthesis: A Model of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8185. [PMID: 35897759 PMCID: PMC9330120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating, multisystem disorder of pregnancy. It has no cure except delivery, which if premature can impart significant neonatal morbidity. Efforts to repurpose pregnancy-safe therapeutics for the treatment of preeclampsia have led to the assessment of the proton pump inhibitor, esomeprazole. Preclinically, esomeprazole reduced placental secretion of anti-angiogenic sFlt-1, improved endothelial dysfunction, promoted vasorelaxation, and reduced maternal hypertension in a mouse model. Our understanding of the precise mechanisms through which esomeprazole works to reduce endothelial dysfunction and enhance vasoreactivity is limited. Evidence from earlier studies suggested esomeprazole might work via the nitric oxide pathway, upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Here, we investigated the effect of esomeprazole in a mouse model of L-NAME-induced hypertension (decreased eNOS activity). We further antagonised the model by addition of diet-induced obesity, which is relevant to both preeclampsia and the nitric oxide pathway. Esomeprazole did not decrease blood pressure in this model, nor were there any alterations in vasoreactivity or changes in foetal outcomes in lean mice. We observed similar findings in the obese mouse cohort, except esomeprazole treatment enhanced ex vivo acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. As acetylcholine induces nitric oxide production, these findings hint at a function for esomeprazole in the nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha de Alwis
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Natalie K. Binder
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Yeukai T. M. Mangwiro
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
| | - Sally Beard
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Elif Kadife
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
- Obstetrics Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Bianca R. Fato
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Emerson Keenan
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
- Obstetrics Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Fiona C. Brownfoot
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
- Obstetrics Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
- Diagnostics Discovery and Reverse Translation in Pregnancy, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Natalie J. Hannan
- Therapeutics Discovery & Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.d.A.); (N.K.B.); (Y.T.M.M.); (S.B.); (B.R.F.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (F.C.B.); (T.J.K.-L.)
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10
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Olabiyi AA, Ajayi K. Diet, herbs and erectile function: A good friendship! Andrologia 2022; 54:e14424. [PMID: 35319120 DOI: 10.1111/and.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and plant materials have been used for thousands of years to treat and control erectile dysfunction in men. This practice has spanned many cultures and traditions around the world, with the therapeutic effects of many plants attributed to their phytochemical constituents. This review explains how polyphenols (including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, alkaloids and polyunsaturated fatty acids) in plants and plant food products interact with key enzymes (phosphodiesterase-5 [PDE-5], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE], acetylcholinesterase [AChE], adenosine deaminase [ADA] and arginase) associated with erectile dysfunction. By modulating or altering the activity of these physiologically important enzymes, various bioactive compounds from plants or plant products can synergistically or additively provide tremendous protection against male erectile problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Ajayi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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11
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Beneficial Effects of Dietary Nitrite on a Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by High-Fat/High-Cholesterol Diets in SHRSP5/Dmcr Rats: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062931. [PMID: 35328352 PMCID: PMC8951310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Endothelial dysfunction caused by hepatic lipotoxicity is an underlying NASH pathology observed in the liver and the cardiovascular system. Here, we evaluated the effect of dietary nitrite on a rat NASH model. Stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr rats were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet to develop the NASH model, with nitrite or captopril (100 mg/L, each) supplementation in drinking water for 8 weeks. The effects of nitrite and captopril were evaluated using immunohistochemical analyses of the liver and heart tissues. Dietary nitrite suppressed liver fibrosis in the rats by reducing oxidative stress, as measured using the protein levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase components and inflammatory cell accumulation in the liver. Nitrite lowered the blood pressure in hypertensive NASH rats and suppressed left ventricular chamber enlargement. Similar therapeutic effects were observed in a captopril-treated rat NASH model, suggesting the possibility of a common signaling pathway through which nitrite and captopril improve NASH pathology. In conclusion, dietary nitrite attenuates the development of NASH with cardiovascular involvement in rats and provides an alternative NASH therapeutic strategy.
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Ghasemi A. Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production from nitrate and nitrite. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:470-486. [PMID: 35391922 PMCID: PMC8983853 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the human body. At least two major pathways produce NO: (1) the L-arginine-NO-oxidative pathway in which NO synthase (NOS) enzymes convert L-arginine to NO; (2) the nitrate-nitrite-NO reductive pathway in which NO is produced from the serial reduction of nitrate and nitrite. The deficiency of NO is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disorders. Intervention with foods containing nitrate and nitrite can potentially prevent or treat some chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. A better understanding of the NO cycle would help develop effective strategies for preventing or treating the disorders in which NO homeostasis is disturbed. This review summarizes quantitative aspects of NO production, emphasizing the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Available data indicates that total NO production by NOS-dependent L-arginine-NO pathway is about 1000 μmol.day-1. Of about 1700 μmol.day-1 ingested nitrate, ~25 % is extracted by the salivary glands and of which ~20 % is converted nitrite. It means that about 5 % of ingested nitrate is converted to nitrite in the oral cavity; assuming that all produced nitrite is reduced to NO in the stomach, it can be calculated that contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway to the whole-body NO production is about 85 μmol.day-1 (1700 ×0.05=85) or approximately 100 μmol.day-1. The lower contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway does not mean that this pathway has lower importance in the whole-body NO homeostasis. Even in the adequate L-arginine supply, NOS-dependent NO production is insufficient to meet all NO functions, and the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway must provide the rest. In conclusion, the contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in the whole human body NO production is <10 %, and the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is complementary to the NOS-dependent NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Cortelli SC, Máximo PDM, Peralta FS, Silva RAD, Rovai ES, Costa FO, Aquino DR, Rodrigues E, Cortelli JR. Salivary nitrite and systemic biomarkers in obese individuals with periodontitis submitted to FMD. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:27-36. [PMID: 34614058 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this 9-month clinical study is to assess the impact of one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD) on salivary nitrite levels and systemic biomarkers and its correlation with total subgingival bacterial load in obese and non-obese patients with periodontitis. In total, 94 patients (55 obese and 39 non-obese) were initially evaluated, seven were lost during follow-up, resulting in 87 individuals at the end of the study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months post periodontal treatment by FMD. Salivary nitrite levels were determined using Griess reagent. Blood samples were collected to determine C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase and fasting blood glucose. Real-time PCR was used to determine the total subgingival bacterial load. FMD protocol resulted in increased salivary nitrite levels at 6- and 9-months post-treatment in the non-obese group (p<0.05). In obese individuals, FMD treatment led to an increase in salivary nitrite levels at 6 months (p<0.05); however, at 9 months, the nitrite levels returned to baseline levels. For both groups, the highest nitrite values were observed at 6 months. In addition, in both groups, FMD was associated with a decrease in biomarkers related to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, such as CRP (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05), and had no impact on the fasting blood glucose. This study demonstrates that obese patients with periodontitis present similar salivary nitrite levels when compared with non-obese individuals. FMD protocol resulted in increases in salivary nitrite levels and was associated with a positive impact on systemic biomarkers, regardless of obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Macedo Máximo
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Peralta
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuel S Rovai
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi R Aquino
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Bioscience, Biochemistry Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose R Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
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Low JHM, Toh DWK, Ng MTT, Fam J, Kua EH, Kim JE. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Different Intensity of Dietary Counselling on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092936. [PMID: 34578814 PMCID: PMC8469488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary counselling has been identified as one of the nutritional strategies to alleviate cardiometabolic health conditions. Its effectiveness however may vary due to factors such as intensity level and provider while this has not been comprehensively studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of dietary counselling on the cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults and the sub-group analyses with dietary counselling intensity and the provider were also assessed. Four databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were systematically searched. Data from 22 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were compiled and those from 9 RCTs were utilised for meta-analysis. Dietary counselling lowered total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) but had no impact on triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Sub-group analysis revealed significant lowering effect of high intensity dietary counselling for TG (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mmol/L, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): −0.40 to −0.09), TC (WMD: −0.31 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.49 to −0.13), LDL (WMD: −0.39 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.61 to −0.16) and FBS (WMD: −0.69 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.99 to −0.40) while medium or low intensity dietary counselling did not show favouring effects. Counselling provider showed differential responses on cardiometabolic health between dietitian and all other groups. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that dietary counselling is a beneficial dietary strategy to improve cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults with the emphasis on the counselling intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hui Min Low
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Magdeline Tao Tao Ng
- National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Johnson Fam
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1136
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15
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Chiletti R, Bennet M, Kenna K, Angerosa J, Sheeran FL, Brink J, Perrier S, Zannino D, Smolich J, Pepe S, Cheung MM. S-nitroso-glutathione limits apoptosis and reduces pulmonary vascular dysfunction after bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1468-1474. [PMID: 34416229 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During hypoxia or acidosis, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) has been shown to protect the cardiomyocyte from IR injury. In a randomised double blinded control study of a porcine model of paediatric CPB, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two different doses (low and high) of GSNO. METHODS Pigs weighing 15-20 kg were exposed to CPB with one hour of aortic cross-clamp. Prior to and during CPB, animals were randomised to receive low dose (up to 20 nmol/kg/min) GSNO (n=8), high dose (up to 60 nmol/kg/min) GSNO (n=6) or normal saline (n=7). Standard cardiac intensive care management was continued for 4 hours post-bypass. RESULTS There was a reduction in myocyte apoptosis after administration of GSNO (p=0.04) with no difference between low and high dose GSNO. The low dose GSNO group had lower pulmonary vascular resistance post-CPB (p=0.007). Mitochondrial Complex I activity normalised to citrate synthase activity was higher after GSNO compared to control (p=0.02), with no difference between low and high dose GSNO. CONCLUSIONS In a porcine model of CPB intravenous administration of GSNO limits myocardial apoptosis through preservation of mitochondrial complex I activity, and improves pulmonary vascular resistance. There appears to be a dose dependent effect to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiletti
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin Bennet
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;; Cardiac Surgery Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly Kenna
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Angerosa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freya L Sheeran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johann Brink
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Perrier
- Cardivascular Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Diana Zannino
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Smolich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Salvatore Pepe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Mh Cheung
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;; Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kobayashi J. Lifestyle-mediated nitric oxide boost to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:55-61. [PMID: 34364972 PMCID: PMC8340570 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and has seriously threatened public health by causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with preexisting endothelial dysfunction caused by aging, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are at high risk for life-threatening thromboembolic complications. This suggests a possibility that reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability could be a common underlying pathology for the progression of COVID-19. Increasingly, evidence from experimental and clinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection shows that NO inhibits the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including virus entry into host cells, viral replication, host immune response, and subsequent thromboembolic complications. Restoring NO bioavailability may have the potential to be a preventive or early-treatment option for COVID-19. This review aims to provide in-depth discussion of NO bioavailability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly by focusing on lifestyle factors such as nitrate-rich diets, physical exercise, and nasal breathing, which could be easily performed on a daily basis to boost NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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17
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Kobayashi J. Nitrite in breast milk: roles in neonatal pathophysiology. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:30-36. [PMID: 33173179 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate has beneficial effects on health maintenance and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood by serving as an alternative source of nitric oxide (NO) through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, particularly when endogenous NO generation is lacking due to vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, this pathway is not developed in the early postnatal period due to a lack of oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria and less saliva production than in adults. To compensate for the decrease in nitrite during this period, colostrum contains the highest amount of nitrite compared with transitional, mature, and even artificial milk, suggesting that colostrum plays an important role in tentatively replenishing nitrite, in addition to involving a nutritional aspect, until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is established. Increasing evidence demonstrates that breast milk rich in nitrite can be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and necrotizing enterocolitis, suggesting that breastfeeding is advantageous for newborns at risk, given the physiological role of nitrite in the early postnatal period. IMPACT: The aim of this review is to discuss the physiological roles of nitrite in breast milk and its implications for neonates. Nitrite in breast milk may compensate for the decrease in nitrite during the early neonatal period until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is established. Breast milk rich in nitrite may be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases by providing nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.
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18
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Rosier BT, Palazón C, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, Galiana A, Mira A. A Single Dose of Nitrate Increases Resilience Against Acidification Derived From Sugar Fermentation by the Oral Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692883. [PMID: 34195102 PMCID: PMC8238012 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay starts with enamel demineralization due to an acidic pH, which arises from sugar fermentation by acidogenic oral bacteria. Previous in vitro work has demonstrated that nitrate limits acidification when incubating complex oral communities with sugar for short periods (e.g., 1-5 h), driven by changes in the microbiota metabolism and/or composition. To test whether a single dose of nitrate can reduce acidification derived from sugar fermentation in vivo, 12 individuals received a nitrate-rich beetroot supplement, which was compared to a placebo in a blinded crossover setting. Sucrose-rinses were performed at baseline and 2 h after supplement or placebo intake, and the salivary pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and lactate were measured. After nitrate supplement intake, the sucrose-induced salivary pH drop was attenuated when compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). Salivary nitrate negatively correlated with lactate production and positively with ΔpH after sucrose exposure (r= -0.508 and 0.436, respectively, both p < 0.05). Two additional pilot studies were performed to test the effect of sucrose rinses 1 h (n = 6) and 4 h (n = 6) after nitrate supplement intake. In the 4 h study, nitrate intake was compared with water intake and bacterial profiles were analysed using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and qPCR detection of Rothia. Sucrose rinses caused a significant pH drop (p < 0.05), except 1 h and 4 h after nitrate supplement intake. After 4 h of nitrate intake, there was less lactate produced compared to water intake (p < 0.05) and one genus; Rothia, increased in abundance. This small but significant increase was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Rothia and Neisseria negatively correlated with lactate production (r = -0.601 and -0.669, respectively) and Neisseria positively correlated with pH following sucrose intake (r = 0.669, all p < 0.05). Together, these results show that nitrate can acutely limit acidification when sugars are fermented, which appears to result from lactate usage by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Future studies should assess the longitudinal impact of daily nitrate-rich vegetable or supplement intake on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Palazón
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Esteban
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Elche, FISABIO Foundation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Griffiths K, Lee JJ, Frenneaux MP, Feelisch M, Madhani M. Nitrite and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. Where are we now? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107819. [PMID: 33600852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite major advances in technology and treatment, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being a key contributor. Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is imperative that blood flow is rapidly restored to the ischaemic myocardium. However, this restoration is associated with an increased risk of additional complications and further cardiomyocyte death, termed myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protecting the myocardium from IRI. It is well established that NO mediates many of its downstream functions through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, which is vital for cardiovascular homeostasis; however, this pathway can become impaired in the face of inadequate delivery of necessary substrates, in particular L-arginine, oxygen and reducing equivalents. Recently, it has been shown that during conditions of ischaemia an alternative pathway for NO generation exists, which has become known as the 'nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway'. This pathway has been reported to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect against myocardial IRI and attenuate infarct size in various experimental models. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that nitrite itself provides multi-faceted protection, in an NO-independent fashion, against a myriad of pathophysiologies attributed to IRI. In this review, we explore the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the role of nitrate and nitrite in cardioprotection and discuss the lessons learnt from the clinical trials for nitrite as a perconditioning agent. We also discuss the potential future for nitrite as a pre-conditioning intervention in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jordan J Lee
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Lim Y, Tang KD, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Totsika M, Kenny L, Morrison M, Punyadeera C. Chemoradiation therapy changes oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cavity cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2021; 43:1521-1534. [PMID: 33527579 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are often seen with locoregionally advanced disease requiring complex multimodality treatments. These treatments may have detrimental effects on the oral microbiome, which is critical to maintaining physiological balance and health. METHODS The effects of different OCC and OPC treatment types on the oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles for 24-month post-treatment in patients with OCC and OPC were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. RESULTS Chemoradiation resulted in oral dysbiosis with specific depletion of genera which regulate the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. These data also correlate with the oral metabolomic profiles with nitric oxide-related precursor, modulator, or catalyst significantly downregulated in saliva samples from patients' postchemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS Together, we have shown that oral dysbiosis due to the effects of chemoradiation could potentially have an impact on OCC and OPC patient's quality of life post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kai Dun Tang
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- The Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- The Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- The School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Beet on Alps: Time-course changes of plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations during acclimatization to high-altitude. Nitric Oxide 2020; 107:66-72. [PMID: 33346127 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide seems to be involved in the altitude acclimatization process due to its ability to regulate pulmonary, cardiovascular and muscular responses to hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the plasma nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) response to hypobaric hypoxia in two groups of lowlanders exposed at different altitudes. For seven days, fourteen subjects were evaluated at Casati Hut (3269 m a.s.l. M.CEVEDALE) and eleven individuals were studied at Capanna Regina Margherita (4554 m a.s.l. M.ROSA). Before expeditions and at different time points during high-altitude sojourn, plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence. Resting peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were monitored during the experimental period. Possible confounding factors such as dietary NO3- intake, physical activity and altitude changes were controlled. Sea level plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations significantly increased at altitude in both M.CEVEDALE group (+26.2 μM, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% CI [+17.6, +34.8] and +559.2 nM, p ≤ 0.0001, [+332.8, +785.6]) and M.ROSA group (+18.7 μM, p ≤ 0.0001, [+10.8, +26.5] and +463.7 nM, p ≤ 0.0001, [+314.3, +613.0]). Average peak value in NO metabolites concentration occurred earlier in M.CEVEDALE group vs M.ROSA group (NO3-, day 3 vs day 5, p = 0.007; NO2-, day 3 vs day 5, p = 0.019). In both groups, resting SpO2, HR and MAP values changed according to altitude levels. This study shows that exposure to hypobaric hypoxia affects nitric oxide metabolites, resulting in a significant increase in plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations from sea level values. Interestingly, the higher the altitude reached, the longer the time taken to reach a peak in plasma concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites.
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Hosseini F, Majdi M, Naghshi S, Sheikhhossein F, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Nitrate-nitrite exposure through drinking water and diet and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3073-3081. [PMID: 33298332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between nitrate intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we performed a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge until April 2020 and references of retrieved relevant articles. The random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect size (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fifteen prospective cohort and case-control papers were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. In total, 2,573,524 participants with an age range between 20 and 85 years were included. The total number of colorectal cancer cases was 38,848. Intake of nitrate from diet was associated with a risk of colorectal cancer (Pooled HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.23, I2 = 38%; P = 0.08). Nitrite in diet was not significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer (pooled HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.95-1.21, I2 = 61.6%; P = 0.005). Nitrate in water did not show an association with risk of colorectal cancer (pooled HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.92-1.19, I2 = 64.7%; P = 0.002). Non-linear dose-response analysis revealed no significant association of dietary nitrite and also nitrate of drinking water with risk of colorectal cancer. However, dietary nitrate was marginally associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer. Linear dose-response analysis of nitrate from diet was not associated with colorectal cancer risk by an additional 50 mg per day. Such a non-significant association was also seen for colorectal cancer risk by an additional 1 mg per day and 1 mg/l from dietary nitrite and water nitrate respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary nitrate was related to a higher risk of colorectal cancer risk. However, intake of nitrite from diet and nitrate from the drinking water was not associated with colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Martín León V, Luzardo OP. Evaluation of nitrate contents in regulated and non-regulated leafy vegetables of high consumption in the Canary Islands, Spain: Risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111812. [PMID: 33058989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate content of the most consumed green leafy vegetables in the European Region of the Canary Islands was determined. The sampling included chard and watercress, which are not regulated but highly consumed in this region. The levels of nitrates in organic vegetables were significantly higher than those of conventional cultivation. However, no seasonal differences were observed, and overall nitrate levels were lower than those reported in other studies. Median nitrate levels in the analyzed vegetables were: lettuce (3 varieties) = 573.7 mg/kg; ready-to-eat salad mixes = 595.0 mg/kg; spinach = 1044.2 mg/kg; arugula = 3144.2 mg/kg; watercress = 450.5 mg/kg; and chard = 1788.4 mg/kg. In general, the nitrate levels of watercress and chard were significantly higher than those of regulated vegetables with similar culinary uses. The average per capita daily intake of nitrates through regulated vegetables was 17.5-32.5% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). On the contrary, the consumption of unregulated vegetables in this archipelago represents a similar, or even higher, percentage of ADI (23.6-44.3%). We, therefore, consider that the establishment of maximum limits of nitrate by the EU regulatory authorities would be appropriate for chard and watercress and similar to those set for spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martín León
- Public Health Laboratory of Las Palmas, Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Public Health Laboratory of Las Palmas, Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera S/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain.
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24
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Rosier BT, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Corell-Escuin P, Mira A. Isolation and Characterization of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria as Potential Probiotics for Oral and Systemic Health. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555465. [PMID: 33042063 PMCID: PMC7522554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the reduction of salivary nitrate by oral bacteria can contribute to prevent oral diseases, as well as increase systemic nitric oxide levels that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of the current manuscript was to isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from the oral cavity of healthy donors and test their in vitro probiotic potential to increase the nitrate-reduction capacity (NRC) of oral communities. Sixty-two isolates were obtained from five different donors of which 53 were confirmed to be nitrate-reducers. Ten isolates were selected based on high NRC as well as high growth rates and low acidogenicity, all being Rothia species. The genomes of these ten isolates confirmed the presence of nitrate- and nitrite reductase genes, as well as lactate utilization genes, and the absence of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements and virulence genes. The pH at which most nitrate was reduced differed between strains. However, acidic pH 6 always stimulated the reduction of nitrite compared to neutral pH 7 or slightly alkaline pH 7.5 (p < 0.01). We tested the effect of six out of 10 isolates on in vitro oral biofilm development in the presence or absence of 6.5 mM nitrate. The integration of the isolates into in vitro communities was confirmed by Illumina sequencing. The NRC of the bacterial communities increased when adding the isolates compared to controls without isolates (p < 0.05). When adding nitrate (prebiotic treatment) or isolates in combination with nitrate (symbiotic treatment), a smaller decrease in pH derived from sugar metabolism was observed (p < 0.05), which for some symbiotic combinations appeared to be due to lactate consumption. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between the NRC of oral communities and ammonia production even in the absence of nitrate (R = 0.814, p < 0.01), which indicates that bacteria involved in these processes are related. As observed in our study, individuals differ in their NRC. Thus, some may have direct benefits from nitrate as a prebiotic as their microbiota naturally reduces significant amounts, while others may benefit more from a symbiotic combination (nitrate + nitrate-reducing probiotic). Future clinical studies should test the effects of these treatments on oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Rosier BT, Buetas E, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Artacho A, Mira A. Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12895. [PMID: 32732931 PMCID: PMC7393384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Buetas
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E M Moya-Gonzalvez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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Acute Ingestion of A Novel Nitrate-Rich Dietary Supplement Significantly Increases Plasma Nitrate/Nitrite in Physically Active Men and Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041176. [PMID: 32331477 PMCID: PMC7230498 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements purported to increase circulating nitric oxide are very popular among consumers. We determined the acute impact of two novel dietary supplements on plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and nitrite alone. Methods: 20 men and women (age: 24 ± 5 years) ingested two different nitrate-rich supplements (Resync Recovery Blend at 7.5 g and 15 g; Resync Collagen Blend at 21 g), or placebo, on four different days. Fasting blood samples were obtained before and 75 min following ingestion and analyzed for NOx and nitrite. Results: Nitrite was not differently impacted by treatment (p > 0.05). The NOx response for men and women was very similar, with no sex interactions noted (p > 0.05). Condition (p < 0.0001), time (p < 0.0001), and condition x time (p < 0.0001) effects were noted for NOx. Values increased from baseline to post-ingestion for the Resync Recovery Blend at 7.5 g (11 ± 9 to 101 ± 48 µM) and at 15 g (9 ± 5 to 176 ± 91 µM), as well as for the Resync Collagen Blend (9 ± 9 to 46 ± 21 µM), while values for placebo remained stable (9 ± 7 to 8 ± 5 µM). Conclusion: While nitrite alone was not impacted by treatment, both Resync products result in an increase in plasma NOx, with the increase proportionate to the quantity of “nitric oxide blend” ingredients contained within each product. Future studies are needed to determine the physiological implications of the increased NOx, as pertaining to exercise performance and recovery, in addition to other aspects of human health.
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27
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Cardioprotective Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure by a Sex-Gender-Oriented Point of View. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2176728. [PMID: 31998434 PMCID: PMC6975222 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2176728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals are considered an innovative strategy that helps to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Some phytochemicals have been shown to play a beneficial role in lipid metabolism, to improve endothelial function and to modify oxidative stress pathways in experimental and clinical models of cardiovascular impairment. Importantly, investigation on phytochemical effect on cardiac remodeling appears to be promising. Nowadays, drug therapy and implantation of devices have demonstrated to ameliorate survival. Of interest, sex-gender seems to influence the response to HF canonical therapies. In fact, starting by the evidence of the feminization of world population and the scarce efficacy and safety of the traditional drugs in women, the search of alternative therapeutic tools has become mandatory. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible role of dietary phytochemicals in HF therapy and the evidence of a different sex-gender-oriented response.
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Abstract
Nitrite, an anion produced from the oxidative breakdown of nitric oxide (NO), has traditionally been viewed as an inert molecule. However, this dogma has been challenged with the findings that nitrite can be readily reduced to NO under pathological conditions, hence representing a physiologically relevant storage reservoir of NO either in the blood or tissues. Nitrite administration has been demonstrated to improve myocardial function in subjects with heart failure and to lower the blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Thus, extensive amount of work has since been carried out to investigate the therapeutic potential of nitrite in treating cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. Studies done on several animal models of hypertension have demonstrated the efficacy of nitrite in preventing and ameliorating the pathological changes associated with the disease. This brief review of the current findings aims to re-evaluate the use of nitrite for the treatment of hypertension and in particular to highlight its role in improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Ling
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor; and
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kruse NT. Nutraceuticals as a potential adjunct therapy toward improving vascular health in CKD. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R719-R732. [PMID: 31577157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health epidemic and increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular dysfunction is a major independent risk factor toward increased risk for CVD in CKD. Several mechanisms have been postulated to result in vascular dysfunction in CKD, including oxidative stress-mediated inflammation by redox imbalance and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and synthesis. Therefore, strategies that decrease oxidative stress and/or increase NO bioactivity may have major clinical implications toward improving vascular health and reducing the burden of CVD in CKD. Nutraceutical therapy in the form of polyphenols, dietary nitrates, or selective mitochondria-targeting therapies has recently been shown to improve vascular function by reducing oxidative stress and/or increasing NO bioavailability and synthesis. This review, therefore, highlights these three emerging nutraceuticals recently implicated in pathophysiological improvement of vascular function in CKD. This review also describes those pathophysiological mechanisms thought to be responsible for the beneficial effects on the vasculature and possible experimental considerations that may exist within human CKD populations. It is clear throughout this review that human-based mechanistic preclinical and health-related clinical studies are lacking regarding whether nutraceuticals do indeed improve vascular function in patients with CKD. As such, a comprehensive, detailed, and fully integrated understanding of nutraceuticals and vasculature function is necessary in patients with CKD. Many opportunities exist for original mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries and investigations on select nutraceuticals and their impact on vascular outcomes in patients with CKD, and these will remain exciting avenues of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Kruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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30
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Allen KE, Gumber D, Ostfeld RJ. Heart Failure and a Plant-Based Diet. A Case-Report and Literature Review. Front Nutr 2019; 6:82. [PMID: 31245377 PMCID: PMC6579888 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old female with grade 3 obesity body mass index (BMI 45.2 kg/m2) and type II diabetes (hemoglobin A1c 8.1%) presented to her primary care physician in May 2017 with a chief complaint of left lower extremity edema. Work-up revealed heart failure with depressed left ventricular systolic function. Upon diagnosis, she substantially altered her lifestyle, changing her diet from a "healthy western" one to a whole food plant-based one. Guideline directed medical therapy for heart failure was also utilized. Over five and a half months, she lost 22.7 kg and reversed her diabetes without the use of diabetes medications. Her left ventricular systolic function normalized. Although causality cannot be determined, this case highlights the potential role of a plant-based diet in helping to reverse heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This article will review how a minimally processed whole food plant-based dietary pattern and similar dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet, may contribute to the reversal of left ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Allen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Divya Gumber
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert J. Ostfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
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31
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Kobayashi J, Uchida H, Ito J. Long-term proton pump inhibitor use after Helicobacter pylori eradication may create a gastric environment for N-nitrosamine formation and gastric cancer development. Gut 2019; 68:1131. [PMID: 29802173 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junta Ito
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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32
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Semen KO, Bast A. Towards improved pharmacotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Can diet play a role? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 30:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kobayashi J, Murata I. Nitrite as a pharmacological intervention for the successful treatment of crush syndrome. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29512311 PMCID: PMC5840435 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crush syndrome is characterized by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The protective effect of nitrite on experimentally induced IRI has been demonstrated in the heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. IRI in tissues and systemic organs occurs due to the massive generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent systemic inflammation. Therefore, ischemic pre and postconditioning are performed in clinical practice. Intravenous administration of nitrite inhibits IRI through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. In this paper, we discuss the utility of nitrite as a pharmacological postconditioning agent in the treatment of crush syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isamu Murata
- Division of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:431-443. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180816120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is usually associated with deficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and therefore stimulating NO activity is an important antihypertensive strategy. Recently, many studies have shown that both nitrite and nitrate anions are not simple products of NO metabolism and indeed may be reduced back to NO. While enzymes with nitrite-reductase activity capable of generating NO from nitrite may contribute to antihypertensive effects of nitrite, another mechanism involving the generation of NO-related species in the stomach from nitrite has been validated. Under the acidic conditions of the stomach, nitrite generates NO-related species that form S-nitrosothiols. Conversely, drugs that increase gastric pH may impair the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols, which may mediate antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite or nitrate. Therefore, it is now becoming clear that promoting gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols may result in effective antihypertensive responses, and this mechanism opens a window of opportunity in the therapy of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the recent studies supporting the gastric generation of S-nitrosothiols as a potential antihypertensive mechanism of oral nitrite. We also highlight some drugs that increase S-nitrosothiols bioavailability, which may also improve the responses to nitrite/nitrate therapy. This new approach may result in increased nitrosation of critical pharmacological receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which tend to respond less to their activators resulting in lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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35
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Sonoda K, Ohtake K, Tagiri M, Hirata M, Tamada H, Uchida H, Ito J, Kobayashi J. Dietary Nitrite Attenuates Elastase-Induced Pulmonary Emphysema in a Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1818-1823. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sonoda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Kazuo Ohtake
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
| | - Maya Tagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
| | - Miku Hirata
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
| | - Hazuki Tamada
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
| | - Junta Ito
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
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Rose P, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. Garlic and Gaseous Mediators. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:624-634. [PMID: 29706261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) and allied plant species are rich sources of sulfur compounds. Major roles for garlic and its sulfur constituents include the regulation of vascular homeostasis and the control of metabolic systems linked to nutrient metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that some of these sulfur compounds, such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), alter the levels of gaseous signalling molecules including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and perhaps carbon monoxide (CO) in mammalian tissues. These gases are important in cellular processes associated with the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and neurological functions. Importantly, these studies build on the known biological effects of garlic and associated sulfur constituents. This review highlights our current understanding of the health benefits attributed to edible plants like garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
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37
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Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, Salvadego D, Vezzoli A, Agosti F, De Col A, Tringali G, Jones AM, Sartorio A, Grassi B. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R453-R460. [PMID: 29693429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed a higher O2 cost of exercise, and therefore, a reduced exercise tolerance in patients with obesity during constant work rate (CWR) exercise compared with healthy subjects. Among the ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation in sedentary healthy subjects, a reduced O2 cost and enhanced exercise tolerance have often been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of beetroot juice (BR) supplementation, rich in [Formula: see text], on physiological variables associated with exercise tolerance in adolescents with obesity. In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 10 adolescents with obesity (8 girls, 2 boys; age = 16 ± 1 yr; body mass index = 35.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were tested after 6 days of supplementation with BR (5 mmol [Formula: see text] per day) or placebo (PLA). Following each supplementation period, patients carried out two repetitions of 6-min moderate-intensity CWR exercise and one severe-intensity CWR exercise until exhaustion. Plasma [Formula: see text] concentration was significantly higher in BR versus PLA (108 ± 37 vs. 15 ± 5 μM, P < 0.0001). The O2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise was not different in BR versus PLA (13.3 ± 1.7 vs. 12.9 ± 1.1 ml·min-1·W-1, P = 0.517). During severe-intensity exercise, signs of a reduced amplitude of the O2 uptake slow component were observed in BR, in association with a significantly longer time to exhaustion (561 ± 198 s in BR vs. 457 ± 101 s in PLA, P = 0.0143). In obese adolescents, short-term dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation is effective in improving exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise. This may prove to be useful in counteracting early fatigue and reduced physical activity in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Rasica
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Desy Salvadego
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Agosti
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan and Piancavallo, VB, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan and Piancavallo, VB, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan and Piancavallo, VB, Italy
| | - Andrew M Jones
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan and Piancavallo, VB, Italy.,Division of Metabolic Diseases and Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Piancavallo, VB, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
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Wang D, Wang Y, Liang H, David JE, Bray CL. Race and ethnicity have significant influence on fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:272-277.e1. [PMID: 29398244 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race and ethnicity have been shown to influence fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). There is a need to investigate cutoff points for different races and ethnicities to improve clinical application. OBJECTIVE To investigate cutoff points for different races and ethnicities by analyzing the FeNO data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2012. METHODS This study included 23,433 participants. After excluding participants with confounding factors, 11,084 participants were eligible for data analysis. Based on age and the probability of having allergic airway inflammation, participants were divided into 4 groups. The geometric mean and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of FeNO in Hispanic, white, black, and other races were analyzed in all groups. RESULTS Compared with white participants, the geometric mean for FeNO in black participants was 36% to 41% higher in children and 5% to 8% higher in adults. Hispanic children had significantly higher FeNO values (14% to 19%) compared with non-Hispanic white children; however, those differences were not significant in adults. Other races had significantly higher FeNO values in children (24-54%) and adults (9-29%) compared with white participants. Further, for normal healthy black children, the 95th percentile was 40.2 parts per billion (ppb), which is significantly higher than the cutoff point recommended by current guidelines. CONCLUSION Although there are significant differences in FeNO values among races and ethnicities, the current cutoff point at 50 ppb is sufficient to separate healthy from asthmatic populations in adults. However, for black children, we suggest increasing the cutoff point from 35 to 40 ppb to avoid unnecessary diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Hospital Corporation of American Graduate Medical Education Program in Internal Medicine at North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Yanning Wang
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Hospital Corporation of American Graduate Medical Education Program in Internal Medicine at North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hong Liang
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Hospital Corporation of American Graduate Medical Education Program in Internal Medicine at North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John E David
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Hospital Corporation of American Graduate Medical Education Program in Internal Medicine at North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher L Bray
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Hospital Corporation of American Graduate Medical Education Program in Internal Medicine at North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Inorganic nitrate alleviates the senescence-related decline in liver function. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:24-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Plotnikoff GA, Dusek J. Hypertension. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ghasemi A, Jeddi S. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 2017; 70:9-24. [PMID: 28804022 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and type 2 diabetes to date is the most devastating complication of obesity. Decreased nitric oxide bioavailability is a feature of obesity and diabetes that links these two pathologies. Nitric oxide is synthesized both by nitric oxide synthase enzymes from l-arginine and nitric oxide synthase-independent from nitrate/nitrite. Nitric oxide production from nitrate/nitrite could potentially be used for nutrition-based therapy in obesity and diabetes. Nitric oxide deficiency also contributes to pathogeneses of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, which are associated with obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes pathways for nitric oxide production and focuses on the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. In addition to increasing nitric oxide production, nitrate and nitrite reduce oxidative stress, increase adipose tissue browning, have favorable effects on nitric oxide synthase expression, and increase insulin secretion, all effects that are potentially promising for management of obesity and diabetes. Based on current data, it could be suggested that amplifying the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is a diet-based strategy for increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and the management of these two interlinked conditions. Adding nitrate/nitrite to drugs that are currently used for managing diabetes (e.g. metformin) and possibly anti-obesity drugs may also enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dietary nitrite supplementation attenuates cardiac remodeling in l -NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kobayashi J. Effect of diet and gut environment on the gastrointestinal formation of N-nitroso compounds: A review. Nitric Oxide 2017; 73:66-73. [PMID: 28587887 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diet is associated with the development of cancer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, because dietary nitrate and nitrite are the main nitrosating agents that are responsible for the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) when nitrosatable substrates, such as amine and amide, are present in the GI tract. However, whether the nitroso compounds become beneficial S-nitroso compounds or carcinogenic NOCs might depend on dietary and environmental factors including food stuffs, gastric acidity, microbial flora, and the mean transit time of digesta. This review focused on GI NOC formation and environmental risk factors affecting its formation to provide appropriate nutritional strategies to prevent the development of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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Ohtake K, Ehara N, Chiba H, Nakano G, Sonoda K, Ito J, Uchida H, Kobayashi J. Dietary nitrite reverses features of postmenopausal metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet and ovariectomy in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E300-E308. [PMID: 28196859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00360.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Menopausal women are at greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Hormone replacement therapy increases eNOS activity and normalizes some characteristics of metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) supplementation should have a therapeutic effect on this syndrome. We examined the effect of dietary nitrite in a mouse model with postmenopausal metabolic syndrome induced by ovariectomy (OVX) and a high fat diet (HF). C57BL/6 female mice were divided into five groups, sham+normal fat diet (NF), sham+ HF, OVX+HF with or without sodium nitrite (50 mg and 150 mg/l) in the drinking water. Daily food intake and weekly body weight were monitored for 18 wk. OVX and HF significantly reduced plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and mice developed obesity with visceral hypertrophic adipocytes and increased transcriptional levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in visceral fat tissues. The proinflammatory state in the adipocytes provoked severe hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in OVX+HF group compared with sham+NF group. However, dietary nitrite significantly suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy and transcriptions of proinflammatory cytokines in visceral fat in a dose-dependent manner. The improvement of visceral inflammatory state consequently reversed the hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance observed in OVX+HF mice. These results suggest that an endogenous NO defect might underlie postmenopausal metabolic syndrome and that dietary nitrite provides an alternative source of NO, subsequently compensating for metabolic impairments of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Ohtake
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ehara
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Chiba
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, Division of Pathophysiology Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Genya Nakano
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Sonoda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Junta Ito
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan;
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Koch CD, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Morris A. Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:48-67. [PMID: 27989792 PMCID: PMC5401802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Koch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chan M, Kelly J, Tapsell L. Dietary Modeling of Foods for Advanced CKD Based on General Healthy Eating Guidelines: What Should Be on the Plate? Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69:436-450. [PMID: 28129911 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem with significant clinical, societal, and psychosocial burdens. Nutrition therapy has been an integral part of the medical management of patients with CKD for more than a century, with the main goals of preserving kidney function and preventing complications. Nutrition abnormalities may emerge well before dialysis therapy is initiated and are associated with poor outcomes. It is therefore important to revisit nutrition management in the advanced stages of CKD to gain a broader insight into its role and effect on patient outcomes. Traditionally, nutrition recommendations have focused on the prescription of energy (calories) and macro- and micronutrients. Today, dietary modeling also focuses on the evidence for food consumption on health. This review argues that advanced non-dialysis-dependent CKD nutrition requirements to a large extent align with healthy eating guidelines for the general population and should not be based on deprivation or be unusually restrictive. The best currently available evidence for the CKD diet is likely to be derived from CKD nutrition prescriptions in conjunction with evidence underpinning national dietary guidelines and evidence of healthy dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean-style and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style eating. Positive messages from these dietary patterns should improve acceptance of CKD dietary interventions among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, The St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; St. George Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
| | - John Kelly
- Department of Renal Medicine, The St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; St. George Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Tapsell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The salivary glands and oral bacteria play an essential role in the conversion process from nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. NO is, at present, recognized as a multifarious messenger molecule with important vascular and metabolic functions. Besides the endogenous L-arginine pathway, which is catalyzed by complex NO synthases, nitrate in food contributes to the main extrinsic generation of NO through a series of sequential steps (NO3--NO2--NO pathway). Up to 25% of nitrate in circulation is actively taken up by the salivary glands, and as a result, its concentration in saliva can increase 10- to 20-fold. However, the mechanism has not been clearly illustrated until recently, when sialin was identified as an electrogenic 2NO3-/H+transporter in the plasma membrane of salivary acinar cells. Subsequently, the oral bacterial species located at the posterior part of the tongue reduce nitrate to nitrite, as catalyzed by nitrate reductase enzymes. These bacteria use nitrate and nitrite as final electron acceptors in their respiration and meanwhile help the host to convert nitrate to NO as the first step. This review describes the role of salivary glands and oral bacteria in the metabolism of nitrate and in the maintenance of NO homeostasis. The potential therapeutic applications of oral inorganic nitrate and nitrite are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.M. Qu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z.F. Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - B.X. Pang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L.Y. Jin
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L.Z. Qin
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S.L. Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Santulli G. Dietary Components and Metabolic Dysfunction: Translating Preclinical Studies into Clinical Practice. Nutrients 2016; 8:E632. [PMID: 27754375 PMCID: PMC5084019 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of diet in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome is well acknowledged [1-3] and may be crucial in the determination of cardiovascular risk and the development of cardiovascular complications [4-7].[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Herbert and Florence Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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49
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Bedale W, Sindelar JJ, Milkowski AL. Dietary nitrate and nitrite: Benefits, risks, and evolving perceptions. Meat Sci 2016; 120:85-92. [PMID: 26994928 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Consumers have an illogical relationship with nitrite (and its precursor, nitrate) in food. Despite a long history of use, nitrite was nearly banned from use in foods in the 1970s due to health concerns related to the potential for carcinogenic nitrosamine formation. Changes in meat processing methods reduced those potential risks, and nitrite continued to be used in foods. Since then, two opposing movements continue to shape how consumers view dietary nitrate and nitrite. The discovery of the profound physiological importance of nitric oxide led to the realization that dietary nitrate contributes significantly to the nitrogen reservoir for nitric oxide formation. Numerous clinical studies have also demonstrated beneficial effects from dietary nitrate consumption, especially in vascular and metabolic health. However, the latest wave of consumer sentiment against food additives, the clean-label movement, has renewed consumer fear and avoidance of preservatives, including nitrite. Education is necessary but may not be sufficient to resolve this disconnect in consumer perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bedale
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Sindelar
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L Milkowski
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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50
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Ma S, Ren B, Diao Z, Chen Y, Qiao Q, Liu X. Physicochemical properties and intestinal protective effect of ultra-micro ground insoluble dietary fibre from carrot pomace. Food Funct 2016; 7:3902-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00665e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Carrot pomace is an abundant, but underutilized, byproduct from the juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
| | - Bo Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
| | - Zhijun Diao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
| | - Qinglian Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- PR China
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