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Patias NS, de Queiroz EAIF, Ferrarini SR, Bomfim GF, Aguiar DH, Sinhorin AP, Bello AA, da Silva GVF, Cavalheiro L, Sinhorin VDG. Effect of Liposomal Protium heptaphyllum (Alb.) March Extract in the Treatment of Obesity Induced by High-Calorie Diet. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:535. [PMID: 39056728 PMCID: PMC11274057 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease, resulted from excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, leading to an energy imbalance. Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) was used in folk medicine for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. The association of the extract from P. heptaphyllum with nanotechnology was innovative for combining high technology with active ingredients that are easily accessible in the Amazon region. This study evaluated the effect of liposomes containing the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract of P. heptaphyllum leaves on obesity. Male Wistar rats treated with a high-calorie diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity received treatment with the liposome formulation containing P. heptaphyllum extract (1 mg/kg/day, via gavage) for 14 days. Morphological, metabolic, redox status, immunological, and histological parameters were evaluated in the adipose and liver tissue of the animals. The groups were divided as follows: C: control; P: liposomes containing extract; O: obese, and OP: obese + liposomes containing extract. The obesity model resulted in increases in body weight, caloric intake, body fat weight, and in the lipid profile. In adipose tissue, P decreased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in obese animals. In the liver, a positive modulation of the extract was observed in relation to glucose, amino acids, lactate, hepatoprotective action, and anti-inflammatory activity, with a decrease in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in obese animals. The results showed an improvement in the functional and inflammatory aspects, but the treatment was not effective in alleviating general changes related to obesity, such as weight gain, fat, glucose, triglycerides, and inflammation in adipose tissue, highlighting the complexity of responses in different organs during obesity and treatment with P. heptaphyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiéle Sartori Patias
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
| | | | - Stela Regina Ferrarini
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil;
| | - Gisele Facholi Bomfim
- NUPADS—Health Research and Teaching Support Center, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil (G.F.B.)
| | - Danilo Henrique Aguiar
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (D.H.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Adilson Paulo Sinhorin
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Alexandre Aymberé Bello
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (A.A.B.); (G.V.F.d.S.)
| | | | - Larissa Cavalheiro
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (D.H.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
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Liu Y, Wang X, Podio NS, Wang X, Xu S, Jiang S, Wei X, Han Y, Cai Y, Chen X, Jin F, Li X, Gong ES. Research progress on the regulation of oxidative stress by phenolics: the role of gut microbiota and Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1861-1873. [PMID: 37851871 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the increase in high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles has made obesity a global public health problem. An unbalanced diet promotes the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causes redox imbalance in the body. Phenolics have potent antioxidant activity and cytoprotective ability. They can scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus combating the body's oxidative stress. They can also improve the body's inflammatory response, enhance the enzyme activity of lipid metabolism, and reduce the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride. Most phenolics are biotransformed and absorbed into the blood after the action by gut microbiota; these metabolites then undergo phase I and II metabolism and regulate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes. Phenolics induce the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxification enzymes by stimulating Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and bind to the antioxidant response element after uncoupling from Keap1, thereby promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxification enzymes. The absorption rate of phenolics in the small intestine is extremely low. Most phenolics reach the colon, where they interact with the microbiota and undergo a series of metabolism. Their metabolites will reach the liver via the portal vein and undergo conjugation reactions. Subsequently, the metabolites reach the whole body to exert biological activity by traveling with the systemic circulation. Phenolics can promote the growth of probiotics, reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and improve intestinal microecological imbalance. This paper reviews the nutritional value, bioactivity, and antioxidant mechanism of phenolics in the body, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of natural antioxidants and provide a reference for elucidating the mechanism of action of phenolics for regulating oxidative stress in the body. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Natalia S Podio
- ICYTAC (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy s/n; Cdad. Universitaria, Argentina
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuyan Xu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suhang Jiang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Wei
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuna Han
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyan Cai
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Jin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianbao Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Er Sheng Gong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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Zhu XC, Tang BF, Zhu MZ, Lu J, Lin HX, Tang JM, Li R, Ma T. Analysis of complement system and its related factors in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:446. [PMID: 38114984 PMCID: PMC10729410 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia. The complement system is closely related to AD pathology and may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AD. In our study, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to analyze the role of the complement system and its related factors in AD using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. We also conducted a functional analysis. Our study verified that 23 genes were closely related to differentially expressed complement system genes in diseases after intersecting the disease-related complement system module genes and differentially expressed genes. The STRING database was used to predict the interactions between the modular gene proteins of the differential complement system. A total of 21 gene proteins and 44 interaction pairs showed close interactions. We screened key genes and created a diagnostic model. The predictive effect of the model was constructed using GSE5281 and our study indicated that the predictive effect of the model was good. Our study also showed enriched negative regulation of Notch signaling, cytokine secretion involved in the immune response pathway, and cytokine secretion involved in immune response hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. We hope that our study provides a promising target to prevent and delay the onset, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Brain Institue, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
| | - Bin-Feng Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhuo Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Han-Xiao Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Brain Institue, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
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Geiger K, Muendlein A, Leiherer A, Gaenger S, Brandtner EM, Wabitsch M, Fraunberger P, Drexel H, Heinzle C. Myricetin attenuates hypoxia-induced inflammation in human adipocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9833-9843. [PMID: 37843712 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue hypoxia plays a crucial role in the development of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation which has been associated with the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Myricetin is a natural compound present in numerous plant-based foods with presumed anti-inflammatory and beneficial health effects. The impact of this flavonoid on hypoxia-induced expression of inflammatory adipokines and hypoxia-regulated pathways is unknown so far and has been addressed in the present study. METHODS Differentiated human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were cultured with or without myricetin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for varying time periods. The effect of hypoxia and myricetin on the expression of the investigated adipokines was measured by real-time RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of transcription factors involved in hypoxia-regulated pathways. RESULTS Myricetin interfered in the hypoxia-induced regulation of adipokines and the underlying pathways, which are involved in transmitting the inflammatory response. It strongly repressed hypoxia-induced expression of apelin, leptin, chemerin, asprosin, and DPP-4 and HIF-1α accumulation in the nucleus was diminished. Furthermore, the activation of the key regulators in the inflammatory response NF-κB, Akt, and CREB was suppressed by myricetin under hypoxic conditions. Myricetin also decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of the pro-tumorigenic transcription factors Snail and Slug in the nucleus. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results indicated that myricetin regulated hypoxia-induced expression of adipokines and hypoxia-regulated pathways in human adipocytes. Our study therefore provided evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of myricetin in hypoxia-treated human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Geiger
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria.
| | - Axel Muendlein
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Stella Gaenger
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Brandtner
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Vorarlberger Landeskrankenhausbetriebsgesellschaft, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Heinzle
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
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Rizzo M, Colletti A, Penson PE, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Gouni-Berthold I, Mancini J, Marais D, Moriarty P, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Vinereanu D, Cicero AFG, Banach M, Al-Khnifsawi M, Alnouri F, Amar F, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Banach M, Gouni-Berthold I, Bhaskar S, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Bjelakovic B, Bruckert E, Bytyçi I, Cafferata A, Ceska R, Cicero AF, Chlebus K, Collet X, Daccord M, Descamps O, Djuric D, Durst R, Ezhov MV, Fras Z, Gaita D, Gouni-Berthold I, Hernandez AV, Jones SR, Jozwiak J, Kakauridze N, Kallel A, Katsiki N, Khera A, Kostner K, Kubilius R, Latkovskis G, John Mancini G, David Marais A, Martin SS, Martinez JA, Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Mitkovskaya NP, Moriarty PM, Mohammad Nabavi S, Nair D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Pella D, Penson PE, Petrulioniene Z, Pirro M, Postadzhiyan A, Puri R, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Radenkovic D, Rakowski M, Riadh J, Richter D, Rizzo M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Shehab AM, Shek AB, Sirtori CR, Stefanutti C, Tomasik T, Toth PP, Viigimaa M, Valdivielso P, Vinereanu D, Vohnout B, von Haehling S, Vrablik M, Wong ND, Yeh HI, Zhisheng J, Zirlik A. Nutraceutical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106679. [PMID: 36764041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common condition affecting around 10-25% of the general adult population, 15% of children, and even > 50% of individuals who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a major cause of liver-related morbidity, and cardiovascular (CV) mortality is a common cause of death. In addition to being the initial step of irreversible alterations of the liver parenchyma causing cirrhosis, about 1/6 of those who develop NASH are at risk also developing CV disease (CVD). More recently the acronym MAFLD (Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease) has been preferred by many European and US specialists, providing a clearer message on the metabolic etiology of the disease. The suggestions for the management of NAFLD are like those recommended by guidelines for CVD prevention. In this context, the general approach is to prescribe physical activity and dietary changes the effect weight loss. Lifestyle change in the NAFLD patient has been supplemented in some by the use of nutraceuticals, but the evidence based for these remains uncertain. The aim of this Position Paper was to summarize the clinical evidence relating to the effect of nutraceuticals on NAFLD-related parameters. Our reading of the data is that whilst many nutraceuticals have been studied in relation to NAFLD, none have sufficient evidence to recommend their routine use; robust trials are required to appropriately address efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Marais
- Chemical Pathology Division of the Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology Department, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular disease risk research center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Chen T, Jia F, Yu Y, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhu S, Zhang N, Liu X. Potential Role of Quercetin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Complications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144476. [PMID: 35889348 PMCID: PMC9325244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multisystem disease with reproductive, metabolic and psychological abnormalities. It is characterized by a high prevalence rate in women of childbearing age and highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, which seriously harm women’s physical and mental health. Quercetin (QUR) is a natural compound of flavonoids found in a variety of foods and medicinal plants. It can intervene with the pathologic process of PCOS from multiple targets and channels and has few adverse reactions. It is mentioned in this review that QUR can improve ovulation disorder, relieve Insulin resistance (IR), reduce androgen, regulate lipid metabolism, regulate gut microbiota and improve vascular endothelial function, which is of great significance in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wufan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; (T.C.); (F.J.); (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Nameni G, Moradi Y, Zaroudi M, Jamshidi S. Effect of cardamom supplementation on a number of metabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102523. [PMID: 35691204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardamom known as "queen of spice" seems to be an anti-diabetic agent due to its poly phenolic content. Since, recent studies reported controversial results related to its effect on metabolic factors, present meta-analysis examined the effect of cardamom supplementation on glycemic indices and weight profile of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS A wide search was done on biomedical electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and Iranian databases, for all relevant literature published up to May 2021. Our search strategy included: [HbA1C, Blood Sugar, glycemic index, glucose tolerance test, insulin, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, body weight, BMI, body composition, waist circumferences] added to searched queries based on scientific Mesh terms. The included papers required to be RCTs that reported the effect of cardamom on glycemic and weight indices. We excluded studies with: a) non-randomized or non-controlled trials, b) animal studies, c) not available full text articles d) duplicate citations and e) not available full text articles. The risk of bias was assessed based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The effects of cardamom supplementation were assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD) statistics. The SMD of metabolic risk factors were pooled together using random effect meta-analysis method. RESULTS Totally, six publications enrolling 410 participants was included in present meta-analysis. Daily 3 g supplementation of cardamom from 8 weeks to 3 months showed no significant effect on BMI (WMD: 0.07; 95% CI: [-0.12, 0.27]; P:0.5), weight (WMD: 0.01; 95% CI: [-0.22, 0.21]; P:0.95) and WC (WMD: 0.09; 95% CI: [-0.34, 0.17]; P:0.63), FBS (WMD: 0.10; 95% CI: [ -0.32, 0.12]; P:0.37), insulin (WMD: 0.83; 95% CI: [-2.07, 0.40]; P:0.19) and QUICKI (WMD: 1.14; 95% CI: [-1.11, 3.39]; P:0.32). However, significant effect occurred on HOMA-IR (WMD: 0.40; 95% CI: [-0.65, -0.15]; P:0.00), and HbA1C (WMD: 0.48; 95% CI: [-0.80, -0.16]; P:0.00). CONCLUSION Final findings suggest ameliorative effect of cardamom on metabolism of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Nameni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Social Determinants of Health Researcher Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Rocha-Brito KJP, Clerici SP, Cordeiro HG, Scotá Ferreira AP, Barreto Fonseca EM, Gonçalves PR, Abrantes JLF, Milani R, Massaro RR, Maria-Engler SS, Ferreira-Halder CV. Quercetin increases mitochondrial proteins (VDAC and SDH) and downmodulates AXL and PIM-1 tyrosine kinase receptors in NRAS melanoma cells. Biol Chem 2021; 403:293-303. [PMID: 34854272 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with low survival rates after it has metastasized. In order to find molecular differences that could represent targets of quercetin in anti-melanoma activity, we have chosen SKMEL-103 and SKMEL-28 melanoma cells and human melanocytes as models. Firstly, we observed that quercetin was able in reducing SKMEL-103 cell viability, but not in SKMEL-28. Besides that, quercetin treatment caused inhibition of AXL in both cell lines, but upregulation of PIM-1 in SKMEL-28 and downregulation in SKMEL-103. Moreover, HIF-1 alpha expression decreased in both cell lines. Interestingly, quercetin was more effective against SKMEL-103 than kinases inhibitors, such as Imatinib, Temsirolimus, U0126, and Erlotinib. Interestingly, we observed that while the levels of succinate dehydrogenase and voltage-dependent anion channel increased in SKMEL-103, both proteins were downregulated in SKMEL-28 after quercetin's treatment. Furthermore, AKT, AXL, PIM-1, ABL kinases were much more active and chaperones HSP90, HSP70 and GAPDH were highly expressed in SKMEL-103 cells in comparison with melanocytes. Our findings indicate, for the first time, that the efficacy of quercetin to kill melanoma cells depends on its ability in inhibiting tyrosine kinase and upregulating mitochondrial proteins, at least when SKMEL-103 and SKMEL-28 cells response were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J P Rocha-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stefano Piatto Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Helon Guimarães Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Petrina Scotá Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Maria Barreto Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo. São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola R Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Laura F Abrantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Ramos Massaro
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
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9
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Fortunato IM, dos Santos TW, Ferraz LFC, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML. Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-Induced Maternal Programming. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072390. [PMID: 34371900 PMCID: PMC8308680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
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10
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Salazar J, Cano C, Pérez JL, Castro A, Díaz MP, Garrido B, Carrasquero R, Chacín M, Velasco M, D Marco L, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Adipose Tissue Browning: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4444-4460. [PMID: 32611294 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these therapeutic approaches is poor. On the other hand, synthetic drugs used for obesity control are plagued by adverse effects. Despite these failures, adipose tissue is still an attractive therapeutic target for novel molecules, and thus, the characterisation of new and safer anti-obesity drugs is of significant interest. For this reason, in recent years, phenolic constituents of diverse plants have drawn much attention due to their health-promoting properties, opening new research lines related to brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The goal is to increase energy expenditure levels through thermogenic activity activation by multiple factors, like polyphenols. The suggested mechanisms by which polyphenols can modulate thermogenesis include Nor-epinephrine/Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase (NE/COMT) inhibition, PPARγ co-activator alpha (PGC-1α)-dependent pathways activation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, among others. Although polyphenols such as quercetin, catechins, chrysin, luteolin, curcumin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and lignans have shown a positive effect on Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and WAT browning, most of them have only been active in murine models or in vitro systems, and their reproducibility in humans has to be proved. Probably in the future, an approach that includes these compounds as part of the nutritional regimen in conjunction with physical exercise, pharmacological and surgical therapy, would allow modulating a pathophysiological mechanism that is still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José L Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis D Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Nephrology department, Valencia, Espana
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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11
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Noce A, Di Lauro M, Di Daniele F, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Marrone G, Borboni P, Di Daniele N. Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:630. [PMID: 33669163 PMCID: PMC7919668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient's compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Borboni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
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12
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Jafari Khorchani M, Zal F, Neisy A. The phytoestrogen, quercetin, in serum, uterus and ovary as a potential treatment for dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in the rat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:313-321. [PMID: 31661670 DOI: 10.1071/rd19072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are unknown and there is no effective cure for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in serum oestradiol and adiponectin levels and in the expression of some important genes in the uterine and ovarian tissues of PCOS rats. The therapeutic effect of quercetin on PCOS was also assessed. Rats were divided into five groups: control, ethanol, quercetin (Q), PCOS and PCOS+Q. After 30 days of oral treatments, the rats' ovaries and uteri were removed and nesfatin-1, aromatase and adipoR1 expressions were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum adiponectin and oestradiol levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results of this study showed that expression of nesfatin-1 and adipoR1 genes and adiponectin serum levels decreased in the PCOS rats, but aromatase expression and oestradiol level increased. Treatment with quercetin increased the adiponectin level and expression of adipoR1 and nesfatin-1 and decreased both the expression of aromatase and the oestradiol level. Quercetin improved PCOS by phytoestrogenic effects and mimicking oestrogen's function. Quercetin also affects important factors in both the uterus and ovary and could improve the obesity and the diabetic and infertility symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari Khorchani
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran; and Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; and Corresponding author.
| | - Asma Neisy
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
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13
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Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide issue and is accompanied by serious complications. Western high energy diet has been identified to be a major factor contributing to the current obesity pandemic. Thus, it is important to optimize dietary composition, bioactive substances, and agents to prevent and treat obesity. To date, extracts from plants, such as vegetables, tea, fruits, and Chinese herbal medicine, have been showed to have the abilities of regulating adipogenesis and attenuating obesity. These plant extracts mainly contain polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which could play a significant role in anti-obesity through various signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Those reported anti-obesity mechanisms mainly include inhibiting white adipose tissue growth and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis, brown/beige adipose tissue development, and muscle thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize the plant extracts and their possible mechanisms responsible for their anti-obesity effects. Based on the current findings, dietary plant extracts and foods containing these bioactive compounds can be potential preventive or therapeutic agents for obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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14
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Role of Flavonoids in The Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110342. [PMID: 33114725 PMCID: PMC7692407 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.
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15
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Multifunctional neuron-specific enolase: its role in lung diseases. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220911. [PMID: 31642468 PMCID: PMC6859115 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), also known as gamma (γ) enolase or enolase-2 (Eno2), is a form of glycolytic enolase isozyme and is considered a multifunctional protein. NSE is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, especially in those of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) lineage such as pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, intestine and lung. In addition to its well-established glycolysis function in the cytoplasm, changes in cell localization and differential expression of NSE are also associated with several pathologies such as infection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. This article mainly discusses the role and diagnostic potential of NSE in some lung diseases.
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16
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PAI-1, the Plasminogen System, and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197066. [PMID: 32993026 PMCID: PMC7582753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is a critical proteolytic system responsible for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The master regulator of the plasminogen system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated for its role in exacerbating various disease states not only through the accumulation of ECM (i.e., fibrosis) but also its role in altering cell fate/behaviour. Examination of PAI-1 has extended through various tissues and cell-types with recent investigations showing its presence in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the role of this protein has been implicated throughout the regeneration process, and in skeletal muscle pathologies (muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging-driven pathology). Needless to say, the complete function of this protein in skeletal muscle has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in maintaining overall health and quality of life, it is critical to understand the alterations—particularly in PAI-1—that occur to negatively impact this organ. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of PAI-1 in skeletal muscle health and function. We aim to shed light on the relevance of this protein in skeletal muscle and propose potential therapeutic approaches to aid in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health.
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17
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Crosstalk between obesity, diabetes, and alzheimer's disease: Introducing quercetin as an effective triple herbal medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101095. [PMID: 32535272 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most common metabolic disorders, which are strongly related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in aging. Diabetes and obesity can lead to the accumulation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and other symptoms of AD through several pathways, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokines dysregulation, and vascular impairment. Currently, the use of polyphenols has been expanded in animal models and in-vitro studies because of their comparatively negligible adverse effects. Among them, quercetin (QT) is one of the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoids, which is present in fruits and vegetables and displays many biological, health-promoting effects in a wide range of diseases. The low bioavailability and poor solubility of QT have also led researchers to make various QT-involved nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we review significant molecular mechanisms induced by diabetes and obesity that increase AD pathogenesis. Then, we summarize in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of QT. Finally, QT in pure and combination form using NPs has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent for future studies.
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18
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Zhang YM, Zhang ZY, Wang RX. Protective Mechanisms of Quercetin Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32848878 PMCID: PMC7412593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has attracted more attention in recent years due to its protective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Quercetin can alleviate oxidative stress injury through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, blockage of the Fenton reaction, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Quercetin can also exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by reducing the response to inflammatory factors and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Moreover, it can induce vasodilation effects through the inhibition of endothelin-1 receptors, the enhancement of NO stimulation and the activation of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Finally, Quercetin can also antagonize the calcium overload. These multifaceted activities of Quercetin make it a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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19
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D'Arcy MS. A review of the chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic properties of the phytochemicals berberine, resveratrol and curcumin, and their influence on cell death via the pathways of apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1781-1791. [PMID: 32449796 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a diverse group of compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables and herbs, and have been reported to possess a number of health benefits. Marketed as supplements by health food retailers, this group of naturally occurring compounds have been investigated for a number of years to determine if they possess any chemopreventative and/or chemotherapeutic benefits. In this comprehensive review, the phytochemicals resveratrol, berberine and curcumin will be discussed, with particular focus being given to their proposed anticancer applications. The purpose of this review is to help clarify whether there is any truth in the claims that are regularly made regarding the efficacy of these compounds. To this end, a number of significant studies that involved the use of these phytochemicals will be identified, discussed and evaluated, to determine if they show promise in the ongoing fight to reduce the incidence rates and severity of various cancers. Specifically, it is the aim of this review to present and discuss key studies performed over the last two decades using these compounds and to evaluate, compare and contrast their effectiveness as chemopreventatives and chemotherapeutics. This should provide the reader with an overarching picture of how these structurally similar phytochemicals might be used in both clinical and nonclinical settings, as a part of the ongoing effort by clinicians, to help to slow down the increasing rate of cancers observed over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sean D'Arcy
- Biology Division, Hertfordshire International College, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
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20
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Little R, Houghton MJ, Carr IM, Wabitsch M, Kerimi A, Williamson G. The Ability of Quercetin and Ferulic Acid to Lower Stored Fat is Dependent on the Metabolic Background of Human Adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000034. [PMID: 32350998 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids can modulate lipid metabolism, but effects on mature human adipocytes are not well characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human adipocytes are differentiated, and contain accumulated lipids, mimicking white adipocytes. They are then cultured either under conditions of actively synthesizing and accumulating additional lipids through lipogenesis ("ongoing lipogenic state") or under conditions of maintaining but not increasing stored lipids ("lipid storage state"). Total lipid, lipidomic and transcriptomics analyses are employed to assess changes after treatment with quercetin and/or ferulic acid. RESULTS In the "lipid storage state," a longer-term treatment (3 doses over 72 h) with low concentrations of quercetin and ferulic acid together significantly lowered stored lipid content, modified lipid composition, and modulated genes related to lipid metabolism with a strong implication of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα)/retinoid X receptor (RXRα) involvement. In the "ongoing lipogenic state," the effect of quercetin and ferulic acid is markedly different, with fewer changes in gene expression and lipid composition, and no detectable involvement of PPARα/RXRα, with a tenfold higher concentration required to attenuate stored lipid content. CONCLUSIONS Multiple low-dose treatment of quercetin and ferulic acid modulates lipid metabolism in adipocytes, but the effect is dramatically dependent on the metabolic state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Little
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael J Houghton
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ian M Carr
- Saint James' University Hospital, Granville Road, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University Medical Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
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21
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Isorhamnetin Induces Melanoma Cell Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt and NF- κB Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1057943. [PMID: 32461960 PMCID: PMC7225865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1057943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is characterized by its bad prognosis for aggressiveness, drug resistance, and early metastasis. Isorhamnetin (3′-methoxy-3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone; IH) is a natural flavonoid that has been investigated for its antitumor effects in breast cancer, colon cancer, and gastric cancer through inducing cell apoptosis. Given its role in tumor inhibition, no research has been conducted concerning its effect against melanoma. In the present study, we found that IH could significantly inhibit B16F10 cell proliferation and migration and induce B16F10 cell apoptosis. The examination on molecular mechanism revealed that IH could suppress the phosphorylation of Akt and the translocation of NF-κB, which are key factors in apoptosis-related pathways. We also detected that this process was related to the bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases 4 (PFKFB4) by PFKFB4 knockdown experiment. In line with in vitro study, we further provided that IH effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, IH was proven to induce melanoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, which may serve as a potential agent in malignant melanoma treatment in the future.
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Quercetin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Preterm Labor in Mice and Increases Offspring Survival Rate. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1047-1057. [PMID: 32157554 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Premature labor is still a worldwide problem, causing serious social economic burden and family burden. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent preterm labor. Since inflammation increases the risk of preterm birth and quercetin is reported to have anti-inflammation, immune-enhancement, and antioxidative effects, this study aims to explore whether quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on preterm labor in mice and increases offspring survival. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the commonly used drugs in the inflammatory animal model of preterm birth. On day 15 of pregnancy, mice received a dose of vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or a dose of quercetin (low concentration, 30 mg/kg; medium concentration, 90 mg/kg; high concentrations, 150 mg/kg) via oral gavage. After 2 h, mice received a dose of LPS (50 μg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally (i.p.). In the absence of quercetin, a 100% incidence of preterm labor was observed in LPS-treated mice, and the fetuses were all died. Medium concentration of quercetin significantly prevented 63.5% of LPS-induced inflammatory preterm labor, and the survival rate of pups on day 22 was 83.76%. Specifically, quercetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of NF-kappa-B/P65(RELA), AP-1/C-JUN(JUN), cyclooxygenase-2(PTGS2), and interleukin 6(IL6) in mice myometrium on mRNA level and inhibited the upregulation of P65 and C-JUN on protein level. Based on these observations, we concluded that quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on LPS-induced experimental mice preterm labor and increases offspring survival through a mechanism involving NF-κB/AP-1 pathway.
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23
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Hu J, Wang Z, Tan BK, Christian M. Dietary polyphenols turn fat “brown”: A narrative review of the possible mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Shen S, Yu H, Gan L, Ye Y, Lin L. Natural constituents from food sources: potential therapeutic agents against muscle wasting. Food Funct 2019; 10:6967-6986. [PMID: 31599912 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is highly correlated with not only reduced quality of life but also higher morbidity and mortality. Although an increasing number of patients are suffering from various kinds of muscle atrophy and weakness, there is still no effective therapy available, and skeletal muscle is considered as an under-medicated organ. Food provided not only essential macronutrients but also functional substances involved in the modulation of the physiological systems of our body. Natural constituents from commonly consumed dietary plants, either extracts or compounds, have attracted more and more attention to be developed as agents for preventing and treating muscle wasting due to their safety and effectiveness, as well as structural diversity. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of muscle wasting, and summarizes the extracts and compounds from food sources as potential therapeutic agents against muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Lishe Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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25
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Li J, Cha R, Luo H, Hao W, Zhang Y, Jiang X. Nanomaterials for the theranostics of obesity. Biomaterials 2019; 223:119474. [PMID: 31536920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic and lifelong disease, obesity not only significant impairs health but also dramatically shortens life span (at least 10 years). Obesity requires a life-long effort for the successful treatment because a number of abnormalities would appear in the development of obesity. Nanomaterials possess large specific surface area, strong absorptivity, and high bioavailability, especially the good targeting properties and adjustable release rate, which would benefit the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Herein, we discussed the therapy and diagnosis of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases by using nanomaterials. Therapies of obesity with nanomaterials include improving intestinal health and reducing energy intake, targeting and treating functional cell abnormalities, regulating redox homeostasis, and removing free lipoprotein in blood. Diagnosis of obesity-related metabolic diseases would benefit the therapy of these diseases. The development of nanomaterials will promote the diagnosis and therapy of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| | - Huize Luo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, PR China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Taghipour YD, Hajialyani M, Naseri R, Hesari M, Mohammadi P, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Nanoformulations of natural products for management of metabolic syndrome. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5303-5321. [PMID: 31406461 PMCID: PMC6642644 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder which has become a public health challenge worldwide. There has been growing interest in medications including natural products as complementary or alternative choices for common chemical therapeutics regarding their limited side effects and ease of access. Nanosizing these compounds may help to increase their solubility, bioavailability, and promisingly enhance their efficacy. This study, for the first time, provides a comprehensive overview of the application of natural-products-based nanoformulations in the management of metabolic syndrome. Different phytochemicals including curcumin, berberine, Capsicum oleoresin, naringenin, emodin, gymnemic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, scutellarin, stevioside, silybin, baicalin, and others have been nanosized hitherto, and their nanosizing method and effect in treatment and alleviating metabolic syndrome have been reviewed and discussed in this study. It has been discovered that there are several pathways or molecular targets relevant to metabolic disorders which are affected by these compounds. Various natural-based nanoformulations have shown promising effect in treatment of metabolic syndrome, and therefore can be considered as future candidates instead of or in conjunction with pharmaceutical drugs if they pass clinical trials successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Phytopharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hajialyani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rozita Naseri
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahvash Hesari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-pescara, Chieti66100, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-pescara, Chieti66100, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 30871514 PMCID: PMC6419418 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. Methods The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. Results In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the changes were similar (P < 0.05) with an exception for LDL-c which had a trend (P = 0.07). The differences in FBS, TC, and body mass index (BMI) were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Eseberri I, Miranda J, Lasa A, Mosqueda-Solís A, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C, Portillo MP. Effects of Quercetin Metabolites on Triglyceride Metabolism of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Mature Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020264. [PMID: 30641871 PMCID: PMC6359054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Q) has rapid metabolism, which may make it worthwhile to focus on the potential activity of its metabolites. Our aim was to evaluate the triglyceride-lowering effects of Q metabolites in mature and pre-adipocytes, and to compare them to those induced by Q. 3T3-L1 mature and pre-adipocytes were treated with 0.1, 1 and 10 µM of Q, tamarixetin (TAM), isorhamnetin (ISO), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3G), quercetin-3-O-sulfate (3S), as well as with 3S and quercetin-4-O-sulfate (4S) mixture (3S+4S). Triglyceride (TG) content in both cell types, as well as free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol in the incubation medium of mature adipocytes were measured spectrophotometrically. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. In mature adipocytes, Q decreased TG at 1 and 10 µM, 3S metabolite at 1 and 10 µM, and 3S+4S mixture at 10 µM. 3S treatment modified the glucose uptake, and TG assembling, but not lipolysis or apoptosis. During differentiation, only 10 µM of ISO reduced TG content, as did Q at physiological doses. In conclusion, 3S metabolite but not ISO, 3G, 4S and TAM metabolites can contribute to the in vivo delipidating effect of Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Miranda
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arrate Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Mehanna ET, El-sayed NM, Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA, Abo-Elmatty DM. Isolated compounds from Cuscuta pedicellata ameliorate oxidative stress and upregulate expression of some energy regulatory genes in high fat diet induced obesity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1253-1258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Houghton MJ, Kerimi A, Tumova S, Boyle JP, Williamson G. Quercetin preserves redox status and stimulates mitochondrial function in metabolically-stressed HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:296-309. [PMID: 30266680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia augments formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with associated mitochondrial damage and increased risk of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. We examined whether quercetin could reverse chronic high glucose-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Following long-term high glucose treatment, complex I activity was significantly decreased in isolated mitochondria from HepG2 cells. Quercetin dose-dependently recovered complex I activity and lowered cellular ROS generation under both high and normal glucose conditions. Respirometry studies showed that quercetin could counteract the detrimental increase in inner mitochondrial membrane proton leakage resulting from high glucose while it increased oxidative respiration, despite a decrease in electron transfer system (ETS) capacity, and lower non-ETS oxygen consumption. A quercetin-stimulated increase in cellular NAD+/NADH was evident within 2 h and a two-fold increase in PGC-1α mRNA within 6 h, in both normal and high glucose conditions. A similar pattern was also found for the mRNA expression of the repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB) and its long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RGMB-AS1 with quercetin, indicating a potential change of the glycolytic phenotype and suppression of aberrant cellular growth which is characteristic of the HepG2 cells. Direct effects of quercetin on PGC-1α activity were minimal, as quercetin only weakly enhanced PGC-1α binding to PPARα in vitro at higher concentrations. Our results suggest that quercetin may protect mitochondrial function from high glucose-induced stress by increasing cellular NAD+/NADH and activation of PGC-1α-mediated pathways. Lower ROS in combination with improved complex I activity and ETS coupling efficiency under conditions of amplified oxidative stress could reinforce mitochondrial integrity and improve redox status, beneficial in certain metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Houghton
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John P Boyle
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Gamma-enolase predicts lung damage in severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:347-356. [PMID: 29728894 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 70% mortality of SAP patients. However, there are no precise biomarkers for the disease currently. Herein, we evaluated the potential of gamma-enolase (ENO2), against its universal isoform alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a marker of SAP-ALI in a rat model. Firstly, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, Sham (n = 8) and SAP-ALI (n = 8), for pancreatitis induction. Ultra-structure examination by electron microscopy and HE staining were used for lung injury assessment. Lung tissue expressions of alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In a prospective validation experiment, 28 rats were used: sham (n = 8), SAP-ALI at 3 h (3 h, n = 10), and SAP-ALI at 24 h (24 h, n = 10). Lung tissue damage, tissue expression and circulating alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase levels were evaluated. Elevated serum levels of α-amylase and TNF-α were observed in SAP rats but not in sham-operated rats. Histological examination of pancreatic and lung tissues indicated marked damage in SAP rats. While alpha-enolase was universally expressed, gamma-enolase was expressed only in damaged lung tissues. Gamma-enolase was detected in lung tissues, BALF, and serum as early as 3 h post-surgery when physical pathological damage was not apparent. Unlike alpha-enolase, secreted and/or circulating gamma-enolase level progressively increased, especially in serum, as lung damage progressed. Thus, gamma-enolase may signal and correlate lung tissue damage well before obvious physical pathological tissue damage and might be a candidate diagnostic and/or prognostic marker.
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Gómez-Zorita S, Lasa A, Abendaño N, Fernández-Quintela A, Mosqueda-Solís A, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Arbonés-Mainar JM, Portillo MP. Phenolic compounds apigenin, hesperidin and kaempferol reduce in vitro lipid accumulation in human adipocytes. J Transl Med 2017; 15:237. [PMID: 29162103 PMCID: PMC5696737 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used to investigate adipogenesis. Taking into account both the novelty of these MSCs and the scarcity of studies focused on the effects of phenolic compounds, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of apigenin, hesperidin and kaempferol on pre-adipocyte and mature adipocytes derived from this type of cells. In addition, the expression of genes involved in TG accumulation was also measured. METHODS Pre-adipocytes were cultured from day 0 to day 8 and mature adipocytes for 48 h with the polyphenols at doses of 1, 10 and 25 µM. RESULTS Apigenin did not show an anti-adipogenic action. Pre-adipocytes treated with hesperidin and kaempferol showed reduced TG content at the three experimental doses. Apigenin did not modify the expression of the main adipogenic genes (c/ebpβ, c/ebpα, pparγ and srebp1c), hesperidin inhibited genes involved in the three phases of adipogenesis (c/ebpβ, srebp1c and perilipin) and kaempferol reduced c/ebpβ. In mature adipocytes, the three polyphenols reduced TG accumulation at the dose of 25 µM, but not at lower doses. All compounds increased mRNA levels of atgl. Apigenin and hesperidin decreased fasn expression. The present study shows the anti-adipogenic effect and delipidating effects of apigenin, hesperidin and kaempferol in human adipocytes derived from hMSCs. While hesperidin blocks all the stages of adipogenesis, kaempferol only inhibits the early stage. Regarding mature adipocytes, the three compounds reduce TG accumulation by activating, at least in part, lipolysis, and in the case of hesperidin and apigenin, also by reducing lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows for the first time the anti-adipogenic effect and delipidating effect of apigenin, hesperidin and kaempferol in human adipocytes derived from MSCs for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbonés-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rezvan N, Moini A, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. Oral Quercetin Supplementation Enhances Adiponectin Receptor Transcript Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:627-633. [PMID: 29105398 PMCID: PMC5672102 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an ovarian-pituitary axis androgen disorder, is a common endocrine disease in women. Obesity-induced androgenesis and imbalance of adipokine secretion may lead to some metabolic features of PCOS. The beneficial effects of polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin have been reported, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not entirely understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of quercetin supplementation on the expression of adiponectin receptors at the transcript level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples of PCOS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 84 PCOS subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; the treatment group received 1 g quercetin (two 500 mg capsules) daily for 12 weeks and the control group received placebo. To examine the effect of quercetin supplementation on PCOS patients in addition to biochemical and anthropometric assessments, the expression of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 at the transcript level and AMPK level were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA assays respectively. RESULTS Oral quercetin supplementation significantly increased ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 transcript expression by 1.32- and 1.46-fold respecetively (P<0.01). In addition, quercetin supplementation enhanced AMPK level by 12.3% compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oral quercetin supplementation improves the metabolic features of PCOS patients by upregulating the expression of adiponectin receptors and AMPK (Registration Number: IRCT2013112515536N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rezvan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Beneficial Effects of Quercetin, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1459497. [PMID: 29138673 PMCID: PMC5613708 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1459497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, obesity has been one of the major public health concerns in most countries. In the search for new molecules that could be used for the treatment of obesity, good perspectives have been opened up for polyphenols, a class of natural bioactive phytochemicals. Experimental and limited clinical trial evidence supports that some polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol have potential benefit functions on obesity treatment. This brief review focuses on the main functions of the above-named polyphenols on adipose tissue. These polyphenols may play beneficial effects on adipose tissue under obese condition by alleviating intracellular oxidative stress, reducing chronic low-grade inflammation, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes.
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35
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Rochlani Y, Pothineni NV, Kovelamudi S, Mehta JL. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and modulation by natural compounds. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2017. [PMID: 28639538 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717711379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia, and is strongly associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes and atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of MetS involves both genetic and acquired factors that contribute to the final pathway of inflammation that leads to CVD. MetS has gained significant importance recently due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. Early diagnosis is important in order to employ lifestyle and risk factor modification. Here, we review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of MetS, the role of inflammation in MetS, and summarize existing natural therapies for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Rochlani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Naga Venkata Pothineni
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #532, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Swathi Kovelamudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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36
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Li X, Wang J, Yang Q, Shao S. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:408-414. [PMID: 29078846 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most significant contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tissue-specific glucocorticoids regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (11β-HSD) type 1 are involved in central obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Moderate downregulation of 11β-HSD1 can attenuate insulin insensitivity and the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Some of the beneficial effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibition may be mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of tissue-specific glucocorticoid action related to insulin signaling mechanisms, alleviation of abnormal cytokine profile and the improvement of β-cell function. Thus, 11β-HSD1 is a promising target for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Division of Endocrinology, The First People׳s Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University People׳s Hospital, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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37
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Li JX, Ke DZ, Yao L, Wang S, Ma P, Liu L, Zuo GW, Jiang LR, Wang JW. Response of genes involved in lipid metabolism in rat epididymal white adipose tissue to different fasting conditions after long-term fructose consumption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:336-341. [PMID: 28131831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been much concern regarding the dietary fructose contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. High-fructose diet changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Levels of a number of hepatic lipogenic enzymes are increased by a high-carbohydrate diet in fasted-refed model rats/mice. Both the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver play a key role in the maintenance of nutrient homeostasis. Here, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of key genes related to lipid metabolism in epididymal WAT (eWAT) in response to different fasting condition after long-term chronic fructose consumption. Rats were fed standard chow supplemented with 10% w/v fructose solution for 5 weeks, and killed after chow-fasting and fructose withdrawal (fasting) or chow-fasting and continued fructose (fructose alone) for 14 h. Blood parameters and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (ChREBP, SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD1), triglyceride biosynthesis (DGAT-1, DGAT-2) and lipid mobilization (ATGL, HSL) in eWAT were analyzed. In addition, mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, CD36 and LPL were also detected. As expected, fructose alone increased the mRNA expression of FAS, SCD1, and correspondingly decreased ATGL and HSL mRNA levels. However, ChREBP, DGAT-2, ATGL and HSL mRNA levels restored near to normal while FAS and SCD1 tend to basic level under fasting condition. The mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ and LPL did not changed at any situations but CD36 mRNA decreased remarkably in fructose alone group. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that genes involved in lipid metabolism in rat eWAT are varied in response to different fasting conditions after long-term fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Da-Zhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Shang Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Peng Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Li-Rong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China.
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Santulli G. Dietary Components and Metabolic Dysfunction: Translating Preclinical Studies into Clinical Practice. Nutrients 2016; 8:E632. [PMID: 27754375 PMCID: PMC5084019 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of diet in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome is well acknowledged [1-3] and may be crucial in the determination of cardiovascular risk and the development of cardiovascular complications [4-7].[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Herbert and Florence Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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