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Lee HJ, Choi MS, Song BG, Kang WS, Gwak GY, Goh MJ, Paik YH, Lee JH, Sinn DH. Glycemic Burden and Clinical Outcomes of Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2652. [PMID: 39123380 PMCID: PMC11311804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still difficult to cure for its high recurrence rate. This study aimed to examine whether glycemic burden management could be one way to improve outcomes of early-stage HCC. A total of 137 very early or early-stage HCC patients who underwent resection or ablation at Samsung Medical Center and had glycemic burden assessment were analyzed. Glycemic burden was assessed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. Outcomes were recurrence and overall survival. Risks of recurrence and overall survival were compared according to glycemic burden using a cut-off point of 6.5% or two cut-off points of 6.0% and 7.5%. Overall, 51 (37.2%) patients experienced HCC recurrence. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for recurrence comparing patients with HbA1c > 6.5% to those with HbA1c ≤ 6.5% was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.26-5.78). The risk of recurrence increased in a dose-dependent manner by glycemic burden; aHR for 6.0 < HbA1c ≤ 7.5%: 2.00 (95% CI: 0.78-5.55); aHR for HbA1c > 7.5%: 6.05 (95% CI: 2.31-17.5). Mortality was observed in 16 (11.7%) patients. The risk of mortality was higher for HbA1c > 6.5% than for HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (aHR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.10-5.08). There was also a dose-response relationship between overall survival and glycemic burden. Glycemic burden assessed using HbA1c level was significantly associated with outcomes of early-stage HCC patients. Good glycemic control could be a therapeutic goal to improve clinical outcomes in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byeong Geun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.J.L.)
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de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, de Souza JRB, Peixoto CA. Semaglutide Attenuates Anxious and Depressive-Like Behaviors and Reverses the Cognitive Impairment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model Via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:36. [PMID: 39042202 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Newly conducted research suggests that metabolic disorders, like diabetes and obesity, play a significant role as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This connection presents a potential avenue for creating novel antidepressant medications by repurposing drugs originally developed to address antidiabetic conditions. Earlier investigations have shown that GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) analogs exhibit neuroprotective qualities in various models of neurological diseases, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Moreover, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated the capability to enhance neurogenesis, a process recognized for its significance in memory formation and the cognitive and emotional aspects of information processing. Nonetheless, whether semaglutide holds efficacy as both an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent remains uncertain. To address this, our study focused on a mouse model of depression linked to type 2 diabetes induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD). In this model, we administered semaglutide (0.05 mg/Kg intraperitoneally) on a weekly basis to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic option for depression and anxiety. Diabetic mice had higher blood glucose, lipidic profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, mice fed HFD showed higher serum interleukin (IL)-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with impaired humor and cognition. The analysis of behavioral responses revealed that the administration of semaglutide effectively mitigated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, concurrently demonstrating an enhancement in cognitive function. Additionally, semaglutide treatment protected synaptic plasticity and reversed the hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by HFD fed, improving activation of the insulin pathway, demonstrating the protective effects of semaglutide. We also found that semaglutide treatment decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. In addition, semaglutide prevented the DM2-induced impairments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and simultaneously increased the NeuN + and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R+) neurons in the hippocampus. Our data also showed that semaglutide increased the serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and glutamatergic receptors in the hippocampus. At last, semaglutide changed the gut microbiota profile (increasing Bacterioidetes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Blautia coccoides) and decreased leaky gut, improving the gut-brain axis. Taken together, semaglutide has the potential to act as a therapeutic tool for depression and anxiety.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Glucagon-Like Peptides/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy
- Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control
- Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
- Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism
- Depression/drug therapy
- Depression/psychology
- Depression/metabolism
- Male
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/psychology
- Anxiety/etiology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Recife, Brazil.
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Korakas E, Kountouri A, Pavlidis G, Oikonomou E, Vrentzos E, Michalopoulou E, Tsigkou V, Katogiannis K, Pliouta L, Balampanis K, Pililis S, Malandris K, Tsapas A, Siasos G, Ikonomidis I, Lambadiari V. Semaglutide Concurrently Improves Vascular and Liver Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Fatty Liver Disease. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae122. [PMID: 38979402 PMCID: PMC11228545 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Context The cardiovascular benefits of semaglutide are established; however, its effects on surrogate vascular markers and liver function are not known. Objective To investigate the effects of semaglutide on vascular, endothelial, and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Overall, 75 consecutive subjects with T2DM and NAFLD were enrolled: 50 patients received semaglutide 1 mg (treatment group) and 25 patients received dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (control group). All patients underwent a clinical, vascular, and hepatic examination with Fibroscan elastography at 4 and 12 months after inclusion in the study. Results Treatment with semaglutide resulted in a reduction of Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) score, E fibrosis score, NAFLD fibrosis score, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and perfused boundary region (PBR) at 4 and at 12 months (P < .05), contrary to controls. Patients treated with semaglutide showed a greater decrease of central systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-6% vs -4%, P = .048 and -11% vs -9%, P = .039), augmentation index (AIx) (-59% vs -52%, P = .041 and -70% vs -57%, P = .022), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) (-6% vs -3.5%, P = .019 and -12% vs -10%, P = .036) at 4 and at 12 months, respectively. In all patients, ΔPWV and ΔPBR were correlated with a corresponding reduction of CAP, E fibrosis, NAFLD fibrosis, and FIB-4 scores. Conclusion Twelve-month treatment with semaglutide simultaneously improves arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Korakas
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kountouri
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - George Pavlidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology Laboratory of Preventive Cardiology and Echocardiography Department Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Vrentzos
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Michalopoulou
- 2nd Department of Cardiology Laboratory of Preventive Cardiology and Echocardiography Department Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology Laboratory of Preventive Cardiology and Echocardiography Department Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia Pliouta
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Balampanis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Pililis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Malandris
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology Laboratory of Preventive Cardiology and Echocardiography Department Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit and Diabetes Centre Attikon Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Keingeski MB, Longo L, Brum da Silva Nunes V, Figueiró F, Dallemole DR, Pohlmann AR, Vier Schmitz TM, da Costa Lopez PL, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Uribe-Cruz C. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Correlation with Inflammatory Factors in an Experimental Model of Steatotic Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:394-401. [PMID: 38498801 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The objective is to study EVs and their involvement in MASLD concerning the disease's pathogenesis and progression characteristics. Methods: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two experimental models of MASLD: MASLD-16 and MASLD-28, animals received a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CHFD) and Control-16 and Control-28, animals received a standard diet (SD) for 16 and 28 weeks, respectively. Biological samples from these animal models were used, as well as previously registered variables. EVs from hepatic tissue were characterized using confocal microscopy. EVs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation from serum and characterized using NanoSight. The data from the EVs were correlated with biochemical, molecular, and histopathological parameters. Results: Liver EVs were identified through the flotillin-1 protein. EVs were isolated from the serum of all groups. There was a decrease of EVs concentration in MASLD-28 in comparison with Control-28 (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in EVs concentration in Control-28 compared with Control-16 (P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between serum EVs concentration with hepatic gene expression of interleukin (Il)6 (r2 = 0.685, P < 0.05), Il1b (r2 = 0.697, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa; r2 = 0.636, P < 0.05) in MASLD-16. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between serum EVs size and Il10 in MASLD-28 (r2 = 0.762, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The concentration and size of EVs correlated with inflammatory markers, suggesting their involvement in the systemic circulation, cellular communication, and development and progression of MASLD, demonstrating that EVs have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for MASLD diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Belén Keingeski
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vitória Brum da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danieli Rosane Dallemole
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thalia Michele Vier Schmitz
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, (UCAMI) Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
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Zhang P, Cao J, Liang X, Su Z, Zhang B, Wang Z, Xie J, Chen G, Chen X, Zhang J, Feng Y, Xu Q, Song J, Hong A, Chen X, Zhang Y. Lian-Mei-Yin formula alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing Yap1/FOXM1 pathway-dependent lipid synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:621-633. [PMID: 38516704 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with a global prevalence of 25%. Patients with NAFLD are more likely to suffer from advanced liver disease, cardiovascular disease, or type II diabetes. However, unfortunately, there is still a shortage of FDA-approved therapeutic agents for NAFLD. Lian-Mei-Yin (LMY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for decades to treat liver disorders. It has recently been applied to type II diabetes which is closely related to insulin resistance. Given that NAFLD is another disease involved in insulin resistance, we hypothesize that LMY might be a promising formula for NAFLD therapy. Herein, we verify that the LMY formula effectively reduces hepatic steatosis in diet-induced zebrafish and NAFLD model mice in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, LMY suppresses Yap1-mediated Foxm1 activation, which is crucial for the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Consequently, lipogenesis is ameliorated by LMY administration. In summary, the LMY formula alleviates diet-induced NAFLD in zebrafish and mice by inhibiting Yap1/Foxm1 signaling-mediated NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jieqiong Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xujing Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijian Su
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junye Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gengrui Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanxian Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - An Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Fang Z, Jia S, Mou X, Li Z, Hu T, Tu Y, Zhao J, Zhang T, Lin W, Lu Y, Feng C, Xia S. Shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between liver and heart disease. iScience 2024; 27:109431. [PMID: 38523778 PMCID: PMC10959668 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship and genetic mechanisms of liver and heart diseases, focusing on the liver-heart axis (LHA) as a fundamental biological basis. Through genome-wide association study analysis, we explore shared genes and pathways related to LHA. Shared genetic factors are found in 8 out of 20 pairs, indicating genetic correlations. The analysis reveals 53 loci with pleiotropic effects, including 8 loci exhibiting shared causality across multiple traits. Based on SNP-p level tissue-specific multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) analysis demonstrates significant enrichment of pleiotropy in liver and heart diseases within different cardiovascular tissues and female reproductive appendages. Gene-specific MAGMA analysis identifies 343 pleiotropic genes associated with various traits; these genes show tissue-specific enrichment primarily in the liver, cardiovascular system, and other tissues. Shared risk loci between immune cells and both liver and cardiovascular diseases are also discovered. Mendelian randomization analyses provide support for causal relationships among the investigated trait pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Sixiang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xuanting Mou
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Tianli Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Yiting Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Yile Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Shudong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
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7
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Pashayee-Khamene F, Heidari Z, Fotros D, Hekmatdoost A, Karimi S, Ahmadzadeh S, Saberifiroozi M, Hatami B, Yari Z. Dietary acid load and cirrhosis-related mortality: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3675. [PMID: 38355888 PMCID: PMC10867032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As a global health concern, cirrhosis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and cirrhosis-related mortality. Present study was conducted on 121 patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis who were followed up for 48 months. Anthropometric measures, nutritional status and dietary intakes were assessed and DAL was estimated based on potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Participants in the high PRAL and NEAP scores had significantly higher intakes of grains and lower intakes of fruits and vegetables. Also, the intake of dairy products and legumes, nuts and seeds decreased significantly with increasing NEAP score. After adjustment of all the confounders, the risk of mortality in the second and third tertiles of PRAL was 5.9 times and 10.97 higher than those in the first tertile, respectively (P trend: 0.006). Similarly, comparing the risk of mortality in the second and third tertiles with the first tertile of NEAP showed a 4.46-fold and 12.3-fold increased risk, respectively (P trend: 0.010). Our findings suggested that DAL was significantly associated with cirrhosis-related mortality and highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and establish optimal DAL levels in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Danial Fotros
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleheh Ahmadzadeh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Saberifiroozi
- Liver and Pancreato-Biliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Adeghate EA. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of diabetic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:223-232. [PMID: 38458647 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2328796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disease affecting almost 30% of the world population. Approximately 25% of people with NAFLD develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fulminant version of the disease. Diabetes mellitus is present in 22.5% of people with NAFLD and 44.60% of individuals with NASH. This review was undertaken to examine the current contribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists to the pharmacotherapy of diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. AREAS COVERED The author analyzed the current status of GLP-1 receptor agonists for pharmacotherapy of diabetic NASH. Research data and literature reports were taken from the database and or websites of Diabetes UK, American Diabetes Association, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords utilized included type 2 diabetes, GLP-1, NASH, NAFLD, and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Since diabetic NASH is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation, drugs capable of mitigating all of these conditions simultaneously, are most ideal for the treatment of diabetic NASH. These drugs include (in order of relevance), GLP-1 receptor agonists, GLP-1 and GIP dual receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and pioglitazone. The future, FDA-approved drug for diabetic NASH treatment will likely be GLP-1 agonist, which could be used as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Ding Y, Wang G, Deng Q, Yang M, Li J, Wang Z, Niu H, Xia S. Liver Stiffness Measurement is Useful in Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Nonalcohol Fatty Liver Disease Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:295-304. [PMID: 38283638 PMCID: PMC10812145 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s448626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are closely related conditions. Aim This study investigated a group of individuals with NAFLD to evaluate if liver fibrosis, identified by FibroScan, correlated with T2DM. Methods 154 NAFLD patients obtained FibroScan, liver ultrasonography (US), and a thorough assessment of clinical implications and chemical biomarkers. Results In comparison to the NAFLD without T2DM group, the hemoglobin A1c(HBA1c)(mmol/mol%), homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), fibrosis indices, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values were all considerably higher in the NAFLD with T2DM group. Patients with NAFLD and T2DM had considerably lower serum uric acid(SUA) levels than those with NAFLD alone.Those with severe fibrosis (79.3%, 23/29) in the NAFLD group showed a greater frequency of T2DM than those with mild fibrosis (45.6%, 21/46) or no fibrosis (27.85%, 22/79) (P=0.000). LSM value and elements of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were independent risk factors for incident T2DM among NAFLD patients (OR=1.466, 95% CI [1.139-1.888], P=0.003; and OR=0.273, 95% CI [0.081-0.916], P=0.036). Conclusion FibroScan can identify significant fibrosis, which is independently linked to a higher prevalence of T2DM. As a result, it is crucial to make use of this technology to predict T2DM in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Hematology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Caturano A, Galiero R, Vetrano E, Medicamento G, Alfano M, Beccia D, Brin C, Colantuoni S, Di Salvo J, Epifani R, Nevola R, Marfella R, Sardu C, Coppola C, Scarano F, Maggi P, Calabrese C, De Lucia Sposito P, Rescigno C, Sbreglia C, Fraganza F, Parrella R, Romano A, Calabria G, Polverino B, Pagano A, Numis FG, Bologna C, Nunziata M, Esposito V, Coppola N, Maturo N, Nasti R, Di Micco P, Perrella A, Adinolfi LE, Di Domenico M, Monda M, Russo V, Ruggiero R, Docimo G, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on the COVID-19 In-Hospital Mortality in Octogenarian Patients: Insights from the COVOCA Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:86. [PMID: 38255701 PMCID: PMC10817510 DOI: 10.3390/life14010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of global public health, with some people suffering more adverse clinical outcomes than others. The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of the specific impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on the in-hospital mortality in octogenarian patients with COVID-19. METHODS This is a prospective observational cohort study, which involved 23 COVID-19 hospital units in the Campania Region, Italy. Exposure variables were collected during hospital admission and at discharge. Only patients aged ≥80 years were deemed eligible for the study. RESULTS 197 patients were included in the study (median age 83.0 [82.0-87.0] years; 51.5% men), with a median duration of hospitalization of 15.0 [8.0-25.0] days. From the multivariable Cox regression analysis, after the application of Šidák correction, only the respiratory rate (HR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.14; p < 0.001) and AKI development (HR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.80 to 6.40; p < 0.001) were independently associated with the primary outcome. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly different risk of in-hospital mortality between patients with and without AKI (log-rank: <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In our investigation, we identified a significant association between AKI and mortality rates among octogenarian patients admitted for COVID-19. These findings raise notable concerns and emphasize the imperative for vigilant monitoring of this demographic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Giulia Medicamento
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Domenico Beccia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Chiara Brin
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Sara Colantuoni
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Jessica Di Salvo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Raffaella Epifani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
- Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Carmine Coppola
- Hepatology Unit, Internal Medicine, Area Stabiese Hospital, 80053 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Scarano
- COVID Center “S. Anna e SS. Madonna della Neve” Hospital, 80042 Boscotrecase, Italy;
| | - Paolo Maggi
- U.O.C. Infectious and Tropical Diseases, S. Anna e S. Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- U.O.C. Pneumologia Vanvitelli, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Carolina Rescigno
- U.O.C. Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Costanza Sbreglia
- U.O.C. Infectious Diseases of the Elderly, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fiorentino Fraganza
- U.O.C. Anestesia and Intensive Care Unit, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Parrella
- U.O.C. Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Giosuele Calabria
- IXth Division of Infectious Diseases and Interventional Ultrasound, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Antonio Pagano
- Emergency and Acceptance Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (F.G.N.)
| | - Fabio Giuliano Numis
- Emergency and Acceptance Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (F.G.N.)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IVth Division of Immunodeficiency and Gender Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Coppola
- COVID Center, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, A.O.U. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Maturo
- U.O.S.D. Infectious Diseases Emergency and Acceptance, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Nasti
- Emergency Division, A.O.R.N. “Antonio Cardarelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, 80123 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ruggiero
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Unit of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (E.V.); (G.M.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (S.C.); (J.D.S.); (R.E.); (R.N.); (R.M.); (C.S.); (L.E.A.); (F.C.S.)
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Ishay Y, Neutel J, Kolben Y, Gelman R, Arbib OS, Lopez O, Katchman H, Mohseni R, Kidron M, Ilan Y. Oral Insulin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis and Reduces Liver Steatosis in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes: Results of Phase II Randomized, Placebo-controlled Feasibility Clinical Trial. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 3:417-425. [PMID: 39131144 PMCID: PMC11308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis is an advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and transplantation. Insulin resistance and inflammation underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter feasibility clinical trial aimed to determine the safety of oral 8 mg insulin in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were treated twice daily for 12 weeks with an 8 mg insulin (n = 21) or placebo (n = 11) capsule. Safety was monitored throughout the study. MRI-proton density fat fraction assessed liver fat content, and Fibroscan® measured liver fibrosis and steatosis levels at screening and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results No severe drug-related adverse events were reported during the study. After 12 weeks of treatment, mean percent reductions in whole-liver (-11.2% vs -6.5%, respectively) and liver segment 3 (-11.7% vs +0.1%, respectively) fat content was higher in the insulin than in the placebo arm. Patients receiving insulin showed a median -1.2 kPa and -21.0 dB/m reduction from baseline fibrosis and steatosis levels, respectively, while placebo-treated patients showed median increases of 0.3 kPa and 13.0 dB/m, respectively. At Week 12, oral insulin was associated with a mean of 0.27% reduction and placebo with a 0.23% increase from baseline hemoglobin A1c levels. Mean percent changes from baseline alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were -10% and -0.8%, respectively, in the oral insulin and 3.0% and 13.4%, in the placebo arm. Conclusion The results of this feasibility study support the safety and potential therapeutic effect of orally delivered insulin on liver fibrosis, fat accumulation, and inflammatory processes (NIH Clinical Trials No. NCT04618744).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Neutel
- Orange County Research Center, Tustin, California
| | - Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ram Gelman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Sneh Arbib
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Piao C, Arteaga EJ, Chen S, Guo A, Macdonald ST, Sarkar S. Improved Detection of Fibrotic Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Community-Based Referrals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:475-478. [PMID: 37756226 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease with increasing rates globally. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher risk of developing NAFLD. Patients with a higher degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD are at an increased risk for liver-related mortality, but get missed easily during the referral process. This project aims to improve early detection and linkage-to-care of fibrotic NAFLD patients. Methods: We utilized a combination of automated electronic health record (EHR)-based fibrosis (FIB)-4 score and directed provider education. A health-system wide FIB-4 score calculator that providers can easily add to their workflow for NAFLD patient triaging. Data were analyzed at 6 and 12 months after implementation. Results: Postimplementation, there was an increase in patients referred to hepatology with higher degree of liver fibrosis and decreased referral to hepatology with low risk of liver fibrosis, measured by FIB-4 score. At baseline, ∼55% of referred patient to hepatology had FIB-4 score <1.3 compared to 38% at 12 months postimplementation. There was an increase in referral of patients with FIB-4 scores >1.3 when compared to preinterventions, 62% versus 45%. This is most pronounced in patients with severe fibrotic disease with FIB-4 score >2.67, 30% versus 12%. Conclusions: Automated FIB-4 score in EHR can improve appropriate linkage-to-care for at-risk fibrotic NAFLD, especially when coupled with targeted provider education. The durability of such improvement is essential to study along with the need to increase broad acceptance across health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elvis J Arteaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aili Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott T Macdonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Clinical Informatics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Caturano A, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Coppola C, Russo V, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Monda M, Marfella R, Sasso FC, Salvatore T. Predictive Value of Fatty Liver Index for Long-Term Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Liver Transplantation: The COLT Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2866. [PMID: 37893240 PMCID: PMC10604265 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of early mortality in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients. The fatty liver index (FLI) is strongly associated with carotid and coronary atherosclerosis, as well as cardiovascular mortality, surpassing traditional risk factors. Given the lack of data on FLI as a predictor of cardiovascular events in OLT recipients, we conducted a retrospective study to examine this topic. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of adult OLT recipients who had regular follow-up visits every three to six months (or more frequently if necessary) from January 1995 to December 2020. The minimum follow-up period was two years post-intervention. Anamnestic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data were collected, and FLI was calculated for all patients. CLINICAL TRIAL gov registration ID NCT05895669. A total of 110 eligible patients (median age 57 years [IQR: 50-62], 72.7% male) were followed for a median duration of 92.3 months (IQR: 45.7-172.4) post-liver transplantation. During this period, 16 patients (14.5%) experienced at least one adverse cardiovascular event (including fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cut-off value of 66.0725 for predicting cardiovascular events after OLT, with 86.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity (68% vs. 31%; p = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with FLI > 66 had significantly reduced cardiovascular event-free survival than those with FLI ≤ 66 (log-rank: 0.0008). Furthermore, multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that FLI > 66 and pre-OLT smoking were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FLI > 66 and pre-OLT smoking predict cardiovascular risk in adult OLT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
- Area Stabiese Hospital, 80053 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Russo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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15
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Van Campenhout R, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Maerten A, De Boever S, Sanz-Serrano J, Kadam P, Vinken M. Pannexin1 channels in the liver: an open enemy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220405. [PMID: 37492223 PMCID: PMC10363690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 proteins form communication channels at the cell plasma membrane surface, which allow the transfer of small molecules and ions between the intracellular compartment and extracellular environment. In this way, pannexin1 channels play an important role in various cellular processes and diseases. Indeed, a plethora of human pathologies is associated with the activation of pannexin1 channels. The present paper reviews and summarizes the structure, life cycle, regulation and (patho)physiological roles of pannexin1 channels, with a particular focus on the relevance of pannexin1 channels in liver diseases.
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16
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Houshmand M, Zeinali V, Hosseini A, Seifi A, Danaei B, Kamfar S. Investigation of FGF21 mRNA levels and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number levels and their relation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1203019. [PMID: 37347041 PMCID: PMC10279952 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the exact mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood, numerous pieces of evidence show that the variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) level and hepatic Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression may be related to NAFLD susceptibility. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine relative levels of mtDNA copy number and hepatic FGF21 expression in a cohort of Iranian NAFLD patients and evaluate the possible relationship. Methods: This study included 27 NAFLD patients (10 with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 17 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and ten healthy subjects. Total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from liver tissue samples, and then mtDNA copy number and FGF21 expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The relative level of hepatic mtDNA copy number was 3.9-fold higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). NAFLD patients showed a 2.9-fold increase in hepatic FGF21 expression compared to controls (p < 0.013). Results showed that hepatic FGF21 expression was positively correlated with BMI, serum ALT, and AST levels (p < 0.05). The level of mitochondrial copy number and hepatic FGF21 expression was not significantly associated with stages of change in hepatic steatosis. Finally, there was a significant correlation between FGF21 expression and mitochondrial copy number in NAFLD patients (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a considerable rise of hepatic FGF21 mRNA levels and mtDNA-CN and show a positive correlation between them in the liver tissue of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Zeinali
- Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hosseini
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Seifi
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bardia Danaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Kamfar
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Ștefănescu G, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Current Background, Hopes, and Perspectives. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050581. [PMID: 37233622 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, reaching one of the highest prevalences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For now, no specific pharmacologic therapies are approved to prevent or treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are currently evaluated as potential candidates for NAFLD treatment in patients with T2DM. Some representatives of this class of antihyperglycemic agents emerged as potentially beneficial in patients with NAFLD after several research studies suggested they reduce hepatic steatosis, ameliorate lesions of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or delay the progression of fibrosis in this population. The aim of this review is to summarize the body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of GLP-1RA therapy in the management of T2DM complicated with NAFLD, describing the studies that evaluated the effects of these glucose-lowering agents in fatty liver disease and fibrosis, their possible mechanistic justification, current evidence-based recommendations, and the next steps to be developed in the field of pharmacological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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18
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Sayuti NH, Muhammad Nawawi KN, Goon JA, Mokhtar NM, Makpol S, Tan JK. A Review of the Effects of Fucoxanthin on NAFLD. Nutrients 2023; 15:1954. [PMID: 37111187 PMCID: PMC10146066 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease. Fucoxanthin, a red-orange marine carotenoid, is found in natural marine seaweeds with high antioxidant activity and several other remarkable biological features. The aim of this review is to gather evidence of the positive benefits of fucoxanthin on NAFLD. Fucoxanthin provides an extensive list of physiological and biological properties, such as hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, anti-tumor, and anti-diabetes properties, in addition to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on published research on the preventative effects of fucoxanthin on NAFLD from the perspective of human clinical trials, animal experiments in vivo, and in vitro cell investigations. Using a variety of experimental designs, including treatment dosage, experiment model, and experimental periods, the positive effects of fucoxanthin were demonstrated. Fucoxanthin's biological activities were outlined, with an emphasis on its therapeutic efficacy in NAFLD. Fucoxanthin showed beneficial effects in modulating lipid metabolism, lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress on NAFLD. A deeper comprehension of NAFLD pathogenesis is essential for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hafiza Sayuti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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19
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Menekşe B, Batman A. Effect of Exenatide on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Inflammation-Related Indices in Diabetic Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:205-213. [PMID: 36944132 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease often associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity. Both obesity and NASH are closely related to inflammation. In this study, we examined how exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analog, affects inflammatory and NASH-related markers in patients with diabetes. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients who visited our hospital with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. NASH-related indices and inflammatory indices were calculated from data obtained at baseline and at the third month of exenatide treatment. All data were analyzed first in all patients, and then the patients were grouped according to glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of <8% or ≥8% and body mass index (BMI) of <40 or ≥40 kg/m2 and their data were reanalyzed. Results: A highly significant improvement was found in the conventional lipid profile. Among NASH-related indices, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score and aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index (APRI) showed statistically significant decreases (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). In particular, these significant decreases were independent of BMI and glycemic parameters. No statistically significant change was found in inflammatory indices. The decreases in NAFLD fibrosis score and APRI were statistically more significant in the group with HbA1c ≥8% (P = 0.021 and P = 0.002, respectively) and the group with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: Besides its established effects, such as lowering fasting plasma glucose levels and weight loss, exenatide exerts positive effects on the conventional lipid profile and NASH-associated indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Menekşe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Adnan Batman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Chun HS, Lee M, Lee JS, Lee HW, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Lee YH, Kim JH, Kim SU. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease identifies subjects with cardiovascular risk better than non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2023; 43:608-625. [PMID: 36585250 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the association between CVD risk and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or NAFLD and the influence of significant liver fibrosis on the CVD risk. METHODS Subjects who underwent a comprehensive medical check-up were recruited (2014-2019). Significant liver fibrosis was defined using NAFLD fibrosis score, fibrosis-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, or FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase score. High probability of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) was defined as ASCVD risk score > 10%. RESULTS Of the study population (n = 78 762), 27 047 (34.3%) and 24 036 (30.5%) subjects had MAFLD and NAFLD respectively. A total of 1084 (4.0%) or 921 (3.8%) subjects had previous CVD history in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively. The previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD were significantly higher in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup with significant liver fibrosis than in the other groups (all p < .001). In multivariable analysis, MAFLD was independently associated with previous CVD history after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.10, p = .038), whereas NAFLD was not (all p > .05). MAFLD (aOR = 1.40) or NAFLD (aOR = 1.22) was independently associated with high probability of ASCVD after full adjustment respectively (all p < .001). Significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD after adjustment in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively (all p < .05). CONCLUSION MAFLD might better identify subjects with CVD risk than NAFLD. Fibrosis assessment might be helpful for detailed prognostication in subjects with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Soo Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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gp130 Activates Mitochondrial Dynamics for Hepatocyte Survival in a Model of Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020396. [PMID: 36830933 PMCID: PMC9953457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the main cause of metabolic complications. Fatty liver infiltration is a companion of obesity. NAFLD is associated with impaired energy metabolism with an excess of nutrients. Mitochondrial dynamics are important for the regulation of energy balance, which regulates mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and mitophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gp130 on the components of mitochondrial dynamics in a cellular model of steatohepatitis. Addition of IL-6/gp130 contributed to an increase in the percentage of live cells and a decrease in the percentage of dead and apoptotic cells. Addition of IL-6/gp130 increased the expression of NF-kB1 gene and mitochondrial dynamics markers (MFN2 and TFAM) in HepG2 with tBHP/Oleic. Addition of IL-6 or gp130 reduced the expression of cytoprotector genes (HSF1 and HSP70) in HepG2 cell cultures with tBHP/Oleic. Increased mitochondrial dynamics gene activity protected against HepG2 cell death in the steatohepatitis model. Trans-signaling resulted in increased TFAM and MAPLC3B, and decreased DNM1L gene expression in HepG2 with tBHP/Oleic.
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22
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Caturano A, Galiero R, Loffredo G, Vetrano E, Medicamento G, Acierno C, Rinaldi L, Marrone A, Salvatore T, Monda M, Sardu C, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Effects of a Combination of Empagliflozin Plus Metformin vs. Metformin Monotherapy on NAFLD Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: The IMAGIN Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020322. [PMID: 36830859 PMCID: PMC9952909 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a heterogeneous group of metabolic liver diseases and is characterized by the presence of steatosis in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the combination therapy of empagliflozin + metformin vs. metformin monotherapy on NAFLD progression in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Sixty-three metformin-treated T2DM patients who were SGLT2i-naïve and had an ultrasound diagnosis of NAFLD (aged 60.95 ± 11.14 years; males, 57.1%) were included in the present analysis. Thirty-three started the combination therapy. All patients were observed for 6 months and routinely monitored with anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and FibroScan®/CAP. At the 6-month follow-up, the combination therapy group presented a significant reduction in BMI (30.83 ± 3.5 vs. 28.48 ± 3.25), glycated hemoglobin (8.2 (7.4-8.8)) vs. 7.2 (6.8-7.9), ALT (68.5 (41.5-88.0) vs. 45.00 (38.00, 48.00)), CAP parameter (293.5 (270.0-319.25) vs. 267.00 (259.50, 283.75)) and steatosis degree (p = 0.001) in comparison with the control group, whose parameters remained almost stable over time. In patients affected by T2DM, the combination of empagliflozin + metformin vs. metformin monotherapy ameliorated liver steatosis, ALT levels, body weight, and glycated hemoglobin after a 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loffredo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Medicamento
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Acierno
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(08)-15665010
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23
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Koshino A, Oshima M, Arnott C, Fletcher RA, Bakris GL, Jardine M, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Pollock C, Heerspink HJL, Neuen BL. Effects of canagliflozin on liver steatosis and fibrosis markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1413-1418. [PMID: 36655422 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Koshino
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clare Arnott
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - George L Bakris
- Department of Medicine, AHA Comprehensive Hypertension Center University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Meg Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendon L Neuen
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Xiao Z, Liu M, Yang F, Liu G, Liu J, Zhao W, Ma S, Duan Z. Programmed cell death and lipid metabolism of macrophages in NAFLD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118449. [PMID: 36742318 PMCID: PMC9889867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become the leading chronic liver disease worldwide with lifestyle changes. This may lead to NAFLD becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the future. To date, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for NAFLD. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of NAFLD can help to provide a basis for new therapeutic agents or strategies. As the most important immune cells of the liver, macrophages play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation and are expected to become effective targets for NAFLD treatment. Programmed cell death (PCD) of macrophages plays a regulatory role in phenotypic transformation, and there is also a certain connection between different types of PCD. However, how PCD regulates macrophage polarization has still not been systematically elucidated. Based on the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization, PCD may alter the phenotype by regulating lipid metabolism. We reviewed the effects of macrophages on inflammation in NAFLD and changes in their lipid metabolism, as well as the relationship between different types of PCD and lipid metabolism in macrophages. Furthermore, interactions between different types of PCD and potential therapeutic agents targeting of macrophages PCD are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Xiao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangkai Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suping Ma
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
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25
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021703. [PMID: 36675217 PMCID: PMC9865319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease, affecting up to 70% of patients with diabetes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available for its treatment. Beyond their anti-hyperglycemic effect and the surprising role of cardio- and nephroprotection, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a significant impact on body weight and clinical, biochemical and histological markers of fatty liver and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, GLP-1 RAs could be a weapon for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on the role of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of NAFLD and to hypothesize potential future scenarios.
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Jang YS, Joo HJ, Park YS, Park EC, Jang SI. Association between smoking cessation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using NAFLD liver fat score. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1015919. [PMID: 36875368 PMCID: PMC9982128 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1015919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is well known to be associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of liver diseases such as advanced fibrosis. However, the impact of smoking on developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains controversial, and clinical data on this is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between smoking history and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020 were used for the analysis. NAFLD was diagnosed according to an NAFLD liver fat score of >-0.640. Smoking status was classified as into nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between smoking history and NAFLD in the South Korean population. Results In total, 9,603 participants were enrolled in this study. The odds ratio (OR) for having NAFLD in ex-smokers and current smokers in males was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-1.41) and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.08-1.76) compared to that in nonsmokers, respectively. The OR increased in magnitude with smoking status. Ex-smokers who ceased smoking for <10 years (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.77) were more likely to have a strong correlation with NAFLD. Furthermore, NAFLD had a dose-dependent positive effect on pack-years, which was 10 to 20 (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04-1.86) and over 20 (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14-2.00). Conclusion This study found that smoking may contribute to NAFLD. Our study suggests cessation of smoking may help management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seo Jang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Joo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Song XH, Liu B, Lei F, Liu YM, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, She ZG, Cai J, Wang JH, Li H. The Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Chinese Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:373-384. [PMID: 36798909 PMCID: PMC9926992 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s394414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggested that metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was significantly associated with atherosclerotic diseases. Atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries is the most common cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which has not been substantially controlled in the past. We aimed to investigate the association between MAFLD and PAD in the Chinese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS This observational study covered 102,115 participants who underwent health checkups with detailed examinations for PAD and MAFLD. PAD was measured by ankle-brachial index, and MAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. The generalized linear mixed models and random-effects Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between MAFLD and PAD. RESULTS The baseline characteristics showed that patients with MAFLD had higher prevalence of PAD compared with those without MAFLD (2.7% vs 2.2%). Compared to non-MAFLD, the individuals with MAFLD were associated with a higher risk of the presence of PAD (adjusted odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.42, P < 0.001). In the prospective cohort study, 6833 participants underwent a follow-up of 2.76 (standard deviation: 1.36) years, and MAFLD at baseline was a higher risk of associated with incident PAD (adjusted hazards ratio: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.38, P = 0.005). Moreover, with the accumulation of metabolic abnormalities, the risk of the PAD was increased in the individuals with MAFLD. Furthermore, MAFLD attributed risk of PAD was more evident in participants without metabolic comorbidities. CONCLUSION MAFLD was associated with a significantly higher risk for the prevalence and incidence of PAD in the Chinese population. The finding suggested that individuals with MAFLD are not only have a higher risk of coronary heart diseases but also have an increased risk of atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Mao Liu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, People’s Republic of China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Jin-Hua Wang, Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Hubei, 438000, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongliang Li, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Luojia Mount Wuchang, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-27-68759302, Email
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Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Criscuolo L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Vetrano E, Catalini C, Sardu C, Docimo G, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010658. [PMID: 36614099 PMCID: PMC9820420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This form is mainly found in developing countries, whereby the largest increase in diabetes incidence is expected in coming years. The number of non-obese patients with T2D is also on the rise among non-white ethnic minorities living in high-income Western countries due to growing migratory flows. A great deal of energy has been spent on understanding the mechanisms that bind obesity to T2D. Conversely, the pathophysiologic features and factors driving the risk of T2D development in non-obese people are still much debated. To reduce the global burden of diabetes, we need to understand why not all obese people develop T2D and not all those with T2D are obese. Moreover, through both an effective prevention and the implementation of an individualized clinical management in all people with diabetes, it is hoped that this will help to reduce this global burden. The purpose of this review is to take stock of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of diabetes not associated to obesity and to highlight which aspects are worthy of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Catalini
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, I–80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Yang SY, Yan ML, Feng JK, Duan YF, Ye JZ, Liu ZH, Guo L, Xue J, Shi J, Lau WY, Cheng SQ, Guo WX. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after laparoscopic liver resection: A multicenter retrospective study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:979434. [PMID: 36591472 PMCID: PMC9798278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.979434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the relationship between preoperative T2DM and long-term prognosis in HCC patients undergoing LLR. Methods HCC patients receiving LLR as initial treatment at four cancer centers were retrospectively included in this study. Clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of HCC patients were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves between different cohorts of patients were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results Of 402 HCC patients included, 62 patients had T2DM and 340 patients did not have T2DM. The OS and RFS of patients with T2DM were significantly worse compared to those without T2DM (P = 0.001 and 0.032, respectively). In Cox multivariate analysis, T2DM was identified as an independent risk factors for OS (HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.38-3.85, P = 0.001) and RFS (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.08-2.55, P = 0.020). Conclusions Following laparoscopic surgical approach, HCC patients with T2DM had poorer prognoses than those without T2DM. Preoperative T2DM was an independent risk factor for HCC patients. Thus, patients with concurrent HCC and T2DM should be closely monitored after LLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ye Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Lin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Kai Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou People’s Hospital), Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Zhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zong-Han Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei-Xing Guo, ; Shu-Qun Cheng,
| | - Wei-Xing Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei-Xing Guo, ; Shu-Qun Cheng,
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Liu P, Li M, Zhao L, Yu H, Zhao C, Chen J, Shi R, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Wu B, Li J. Impact of hepatic steatosis on treatment response of autoimmune hepatitis: A retrospective multicentre analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040029. [PMID: 36591223 PMCID: PMC9795183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of data on whether steatosis impacts autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the influence of baseline steatosis on the biochemical response, fibrosis progression, and adverse longterm outcomes of AIH. Methods Steatosis was diagnosed by a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 248 dB / m. Only patients who underwent immunosuppressive therapy with available liver histological material at diagnosis and qualified CAP within seven days of the liver biopsy were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were subsequently conducted. Results The multicentre and retrospective cohort enrolled 222 subjects (88.3% female, median age 54 years, median follow-up 48 months) in the final analysis, and 56 (25.2%) patients had hepatic steatosis. Diabetes, hypertension, and significant fibrosis at baseline were more common in the steatosis group than in the no steatosis group. After adjusting for confounding factors, hepatic steatosis was an independent predictor of insufficient biochemical response (OR: 8.07) and identified as an independent predictor of long-term adverse outcomes (HR: 4.07). By subgroup multivariate analysis (different degrees of steatosis, fibrosis, and prednisone dose), hepatic steatosis independently showed a relatively stable correlation with treatment response. Furthermore, in contrast to those without steatosis, a significant increase in liver stiffness (LS) was observed in patients with steatosis (4.1%/year vs. -16%/year, P < 0.001). Conclusions Concomitant hepatic steatosis was significantly associated with poor response to treatment in AIH patients. Routine CAP measurements are therefore essential to guide the management of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Liu
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Lingnan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Bin Wu, ; Jia Li,
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Bin Wu, ; Jia Li,
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A Study of Biomarkers Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102426. [PMID: 36292115 PMCID: PMC9600788 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new term that no longer excludes patients that consume alcohol or present other liver diseases, unlike nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of different biomarkers as predictors of MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, a cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted over a period of 8 months in patients with T2DM. Liver steatosis displayed by abdominal ultrasound certified the MAFLD diagnosis. A percentage of 49.5% of the studied patients presented MAFLD. Through logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, T2DM duration, lipid-lowering therapy, smoking status, nutritional status, we demonstrated that elevated triglycerides (TG) levels, high non-high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol-to-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL/HDL) ratio, high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and increased Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) had predictive value for MAFLD in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, we calculated the optimal cut-off values for these biomarkers (184 mg/dL for TG, 0.615 for AIP, 3.9 for the non-HDL/HDL ratio, and 2.01 for HOMA-IR) which can predict the presence of MAFLD in patients with T2DM. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the predictive value of the non-HDL/HDL ratio for MAFLD in patients with T2DM.
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Asaturyan HA, Basty N, Thanaj M, Whitcher B, Thomas EL, Bell JD. Improving the accuracy of fatty liver index to reflect liver fat content with predictive regression modelling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273171. [PMID: 36099244 PMCID: PMC9469950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fatty liver index (FLI) is frequently used as a non-invasive clinical marker for research, prognostic and diagnostic purposes. It is also used to stratify individuals with hepatic steatosis such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to detect the presence of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The FLI is calculated using a combination of anthropometric and blood biochemical variables; however, it reportedly excludes 8.5-16.7% of individuals with NAFLD. Moreover, the FLI cannot quantitatively predict liver fat, which might otherwise render an improved diagnosis and assessment of fatty liver, particularly in longitudinal studies. We propose FLI+ using predictive regression modelling, an improved index reflecting liver fat content that integrates 12 routinely-measured variables, including the original FLI. Methods and findings We evaluated FLI+ on a dataset from the UK Biobank containing 28,796 individual estimates of proton density fat fraction derived from magnetic resonance imaging across normal to severe levels and interpolated to align with the original FLI range. The results obtained for FLI+ outperform the original FLI by delivering a lower mean absolute error by approximately 47%, a lower standard deviation by approximately 20%, and an increased adjusted R2 statistic by approximately 49%, reflecting a more accurate representation of liver fat content. Conclusions Our proposed model predicting FLI+ has the potential to improve diagnosis and provide a more accurate stratification than FLI between absent, mild, moderate and severe levels of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hykoush A. Asaturyan
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjola Thanaj
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Gastrointestinal and Liver Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175223. [PMID: 36079153 PMCID: PMC9456591 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetes mellitus patients has increased over the last few years in developing countries, along with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Besides macroangiopathy and microangiopathy, damage to the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. Digestive complications in diabetic patients represent a consequence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy involving the gastrointestinal tract, but unfortunately not always evaluated by diabetologists. Aside from the complications encountered in the digestive tract, patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to developing liver diseases. This review will describe the prevalence of these complications, the modality of diagnosis, and therapeutical solutions in order to reduce the risk of progression of these complications in diabetic subjects.
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Lin L, Zhu F, Delp EJ, Eicher-Miller HA. Differences in Dietary Intake Exist among U.S. Adults by Diabetic Status Using NHANES 2009-2016. Nutrients 2022; 14:3284. [PMID: 36014790 PMCID: PMC9415376 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the most frequently consumed food items, food subcategories, and food categories, and those that contributed most to total energy intake for the group of U.S. adults reporting taking insulin, those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not taking insulin, and those without diabetes. Laboratory tests and questionnaires of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016 classified 774 participants reporting taking insulin, 2758 participants reporting T2D not taking insulin, and 17,796 participants without diabetes. Raw and weighted frequency and energy contributions of each food item, food subcategory, and food category were calculated and ranked. Comparisons among groups by broad food category used the Rao-Scott modified chi-square test. Soft drinks ranked as the 8th and 6th most consumed food subcategory of participants with T2D not taking insulin and those without diabetes, and contributed 5th and 2nd most to energy, respectively. The group reporting taking insulin is likely to consume more protein foods and less soft drink compared to the other two groups. Lists of the most frequently reported foods and foods contributing most to energy may be helpful for nutrition education, prescribing diets, and digital-based dietary assessment for the group reporting taking insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luotao Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fengqing Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Edward J. Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Heather A. Eicher-Miller
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Preventive Effect of Gamma-Oryzanol on Physiopathological Process Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Animals Submitted to High Sugar/Fat Diet. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of liver disease. The physiopathological processes involved in the disease are metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, hypertension), genetic, and dietary factors, including unsaturated fats and sweetened beverages, which are able to lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, conditions associated with progression and severity of NAFLD. Gamma-oryzanol (γOz) is a nutraceutical obtained from rice brain oil with many benefits to health, from immunological to metabolic. The aim of this study is to test the preventive effect of γOz on the physiopathological process related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animals submitted to high sugar/fat diet. Male Wistar rats (±187 g) were randomly divided into four experimental groups to receive: control diet (C, n = 6), control diet plus γOz (C + γOz, n = 6), high sugar/fat diet (HSF, n = 6), or high sugar/fat diet plus γOz (HSF + γOz, n = 6) during 30 weeks. HSF groups also received water plus sucrose (25%). γOz was added to diets to reach 0.5% of final concentration. The HSF group presented MetS, liver inflammation and oxidative stress, and micro and macrovesicular steatosis. HSF plus γOz was protected against these changes. It is possible to conclude that gamma-oryzanol was effective in modulating the physiopathological process related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animals submitted to a high sugar/fat diet.
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1189. [PMID: 36013368 PMCID: PMC9410285 DOI: 10.3390/life12081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome and is the most prevalent liver disease. NAFLD is associated with liver-related and extrahepatic morbi-mortality. Among extrahepatic complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. The most frequent clinical expression of CVD is the coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological data support a link between CAD and NAFLD, underlain by pathogenic factors, such as the exacerbation of insulin resistance, genetic phenotype, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators, and gut microbiota. A thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk and identification of all forms of CVD, especially CAD, are needed in all patients with NAFLD regardless of their metabolic status. Therefore, this narrative review aims to examine the available data on CAD seen in patients with NAFLD, to outline the main directions undertaken by the CVD risk assessment and the multiple putative underlying mechanisms implicated in the relationship between CAD and NAFLD, and to raise awareness about this underestimated association between two major, frequent and severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in obese youth with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:414-422. [PMID: 35836399 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to present the new definition of the disease, defining the epidemiology, risk factors with a particular attention to the role of insulin resistance (IR) and to define the main treatments explored. RECENT FINDINGS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was previously considered a primary liver disease, but it would be more correct to consider it a component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in which IR might play a key role. Based on these findings, it has been recently proposed to modify the classic term of NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) that better reflects the pathophysiology of this complex disease. SUMMARY Currently, no treatments approved in childhood are available, thus the only recommended approach is the prevention and correction of the known risk factors, and particularly of IR. However, further studies are needed to better clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of NAFLD in order to establish more tailored therapies.
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Metformin Improves the Hepatic Steatosis Index in Non-Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154294. [PMID: 35893386 PMCID: PMC9331742 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common yet little recognized health problem in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In a retrospective setting, we investigated the effects of metformin treatment on the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) as a readily available biomarker panel for NAFLD. HSI values of >36 are considered to be highly suggestive for NAFLD. In our cohort, HSI values indicating NAFLD were found in 60/81 (74.1%) women at baseline. The mean HSI improved significantly after the metformin treatment from 43.2 ± 1.0 to 41.0 ± 1.1. Subgroup analyses of non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30−35 kg/m2) and very obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2) women yielded mean baseline HSI values of 35.5 ± 4.5, 41.2 ± 2.7 and 51.2 ± 4.7, respectively. A significant improvement in the HSI of 1.5 ± 2.1 was observed after metformin treatment in non-obese women but not in the obese subgroups. The data suggest a new aspect of metformin treatment in non-obese PCOS patients, namely, a possible improvement in NAFLD. This study highlighted hepatic steatosis as a common comorbidity in PCOS patients that can severely affect their long-term health, and therefore, deserves more attention in the management of PCOS patients.
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Moriguchi Watanabe L, Bernardes Pereira Delfino H, Augusta de Souza Pinhel M, Noronha NY, Maria Diani L, Cintra do Prado Assumpção L, Ferreira Nicoletti C, Barbosa Nonino C. Food and Nutrition Public Policies in Brazil: From Malnutrition to Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:2472. [PMID: 35745202 PMCID: PMC9227558 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
"Nutrition transition" describes the shifts in dietary consumption and energy expenditure influenced by economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes at a population level. This phenomenon has been associated with rising obesity rates worldwide, especially in developed countries. In Brazil, the historical analysis of temporal trends between malnutrition and obesity characterized the nutrition transition in the country and interweaved it with the formulation and implementation of public food and nutrition policies. Such analysis is crucial for understanding certain principles in each context. Thus, this review contextualized the consolidation of obesity as a critical health and public policy issue in Brazil. Our review suggested that the country may still be at the initial stage of care for obesity, and more efforts are needed to contain the advance of the disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Moriguchi Watanabe
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (L.C.d.P.A.); (C.B.N.)
| | - Heitor Bernardes Pereira Delfino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (H.B.P.D.); (M.A.d.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (L.M.D.)
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (H.B.P.D.); (M.A.d.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (L.M.D.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Yumi Noronha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (H.B.P.D.); (M.A.d.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (L.M.D.)
| | - Luisa Maria Diani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (H.B.P.D.); (M.A.d.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (L.M.D.)
| | - Lucca Cintra do Prado Assumpção
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (L.C.d.P.A.); (C.B.N.)
| | - Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Medical School FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (L.C.d.P.A.); (C.B.N.)
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Exploring the Path of Mediterranean Diet, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Inflammation towards 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk: The ATTICA Study 10-Year Follow-Up (2002-2012). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122367. [PMID: 35745097 PMCID: PMC9229573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease, affecting ~30% of the population and increasing CVD. This study aimed to explore the direct, indirect and combined effects of Mediterranean diet, NAFLD and inflammation on the 10-year CVD risk in a healthy adult population. Methods: Using baseline and 10-year follow-up data from the ATTICA study, adherence to Mediterranean diet was measured using MedDietScore, and presence of NAFLD at baseline was assessed using the fatty liver index (FLI). Participants’ 10-year CVD outcomes were recorded and C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a surrogate marker for inflammation. The direct and indirect roles of these factors were explored using logistic regression models and the pathways between them were analysed using a structural equation model (SEM). Results: NAFLD prevalence was 22.9% and its presence was 17% less likely for every unit increase in MedDietScore. NAFLD presence at baseline was associated with increased 10-year CVD incidence (39.4% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.002), but when adjusted for MedDietScore, NAFLD was not an independent predictor of 10-year CVD risk. MedDietScore was an independent protective factor of 10-year CVD risk (OR = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.847, 0.935), when adjusted for NAFLD at baseline, age, gender, sedentary lifestyle and other confounders. Further exploration using SEM showed that MedDietScore was associated with CVD risk directly even when inflammation as CRP was introduced as a potential mediator. Conclusion: FLI as a proxy measure of NAFLD is a strong predictor of 10-year CVD risk, and this prognostic relationship seems to be moderated by the level of adherence to Mediterranean diet. Adherence to Mediterranean diet remained an independent and direct CVD risk factor irrespective of NAFLD status and CRP.
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Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 Reduces Body Weight and Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving the Gut Permeability and Amelioration of Inflammatory Cytokines. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091965. [PMID: 35565930 PMCID: PMC9104482 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is one of the major causes of the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, specific probiotic strains have been found to improve the symptoms of NAFLD. We examined the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 (MG741) on NAFLD and weight gain, using a mouse model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. HFD-fed mice were supplemented daily with MG741. After 12 weeks, MG741-administered mice exhibited reduced fat deposition, and serum metabolic alterations, including fasting hyperinsulinemia, were modulated. In addition, MG741 regulated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) expression and lipid accumulation in the liver, thereby reducing the hepatic steatosis score. To determine whether the effects of MG741 were related to improvements in gut health, MG741 improved the HFD-induced deterioration in gut permeability by reducing toxic substances and inflammatory cytokine expression, and upregulating tight junctions. These results collectively demonstrate that the oral administration of MG741 could prevent NAFLD and obesity, thereby improving metabolic health.
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Bashir A, Duseja A, De A, Mehta M, Tiwari P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development: A multifactorial pathogenic phenomena. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Interaction with the Gut Microbiome in the Prevention and Amelioration of Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091723. [PMID: 35565691 PMCID: PMC9104474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a vital role in the management of T2DM. As a result, a better understanding of the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the development and progression of T2DM by influencing the intestinal microflora will help to improve the therapeutic intervention for T2DM and related complications. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by omega-3 fatty acids, this paper attempts to comprehensively review and discuss the putative associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. In addition, we contemplate the importance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment and ponder the role of omega-3 fatty acids in T2DM by positively modulating gut microbiota, which may lead to discovery of novel targets and therapeutic strategies thereby paving way for further comprehensive, mechanistic, and clinical studies.
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Susilowati R, Setiawan AM, Zahroh AF, Ashari ZN, Iffiyana A, Hertanto R, Basyarudin M, Hartiningsih I, Ismail M. Hepatoprotection of Cinnamomum burmannii ethanolic extract against high-fat and cholesterol diet in Sprague–Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Vet World 2022; 15:930-936. [PMID: 35698494 PMCID: PMC9178583 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.930-936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis involves non-alcoholic fatty liver, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Although the long-term use of cinnamon bark in larger doses can negatively affect good health, proper use of its extracts effectively and efficiently improves health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the minimal dose of Cinnamomum Burmannii extract through its activity in inhibiting oxidative stress in rats’ livers treated with a high-fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD). Materials and Methods: Forty-two Sprague–Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing 200-250 g body weight (BW), were divided into seven treatment groups with six replications: Normal, HFCD, atorvastatin, quercetin, and C. burmannii ethanol extract group, after which they were administered different dosages (i.e., 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW). Except for the normal group, rats were concomitantly administered HFCD with each treatment for 21 days. Then, their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed using colorimetry. However, their steatosis levels were determined based on histological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) results indicated that all treatments had a significantly lower MDA than HFCD and normal rats (a=0.01). DMRT results also showed that treating with the C. burmannii ethanol extract at all dosages resulted in a significantly higher SOD activity level in HFCD rats than those treated with quercetin and atorvastatin (a=0.01). Furthermore, results showed that treatment with C. burmannii extracts at a dosage of 300 mg/kg BW incredibly maintained SOD activity as effective as quercetin, atorvastatin, and normal rats. Besides, while steatohepatitis levels of C. burmannii ethanol extract at dosages of 200 and 300 mg/kg BW commensurated with normal rats, steatohepatitis levels were significantly lower than those administered other concentrations or treatments (a=0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic C. burmannii extracts protected the liver by regulating oxidative stress. Therefore, a 200 mg/kg BW dose is proposed as the minimal hepatoprotection dose to prevent fatty liver formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Susilowati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Malik Setiawan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Afida Fatimatuz Zahroh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Zadani Nabila Ashari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alifatul Iffiyana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ricky Hertanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Basyarudin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Isnaeni Hartiningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mahrus Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
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Song K, Park G, Lee HS, Lee M, Lee HI, Ahn J, Lee E, Choi HS, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030584. [PMID: 35327390 PMCID: PMC8945340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey. The prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity increased from 5.14%, 8.17%, and 5.97% respectively, in 2009 to 10.46%, 12.05%, and 10.51% respectively, in 2018. In age-specific analyses, an adverse trend in NAFLD was significant only in participants aged 16–18 years while the prevalence of prediabetes worsened significantly in all age groups. In BMI-specific analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD increased significantly only in participants with normal BMI. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85 and those of abdominal obesity for prediabetes and NAFLD was 1.85 and 9.34, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD was increasing in association with abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Goeun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (G.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (G.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Jungmin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Eunbyoul Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3350; Fax: +82-2-393-9118
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The Coexistence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051375. [PMID: 35268466 PMCID: PMC8910939 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide. Epidemiological data suggest a strong relationship between NAFLD and T2DM. This is associated with common risk factors and pathogenesis, where obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia play pivotal roles. Expanding knowledge on the coexistence of NAFLD and T2DM could not only protect against liver damage and glucotoxicity, but may also theoretically prevent the subsequent occurrence of other diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders, as well as influence morbidity and mortality rates. In everyday clinical practice, underestimation of this problem is still observed. NAFLD is not looked for in T2DM patients; on the contrary, diagnosis for glucose metabolism disturbances is usually not performed in patients with NAFLD. However, simple and cost-effective methods of detection of fatty liver in T2DM patients are still needed, especially in outpatient settings. The treatment of NAFLD, especially where it coexists with T2DM, consists mainly of lifestyle modification. It is also suggested that some drugs, including hypoglycemic agents, may be used to treat NAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to detail current knowledge of NAFLD and T2DM comorbidity, its prevalence, common pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, complications and treatment, with special attention to outpatient clinics.
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Craciun CI, Neag MA, Catinean A, Mitre AO, Rusu A, Bala C, Roman G, Buzoianu AD, Muntean DM, Craciun AE. The Relationships between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus, and Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020308. [PMID: 35203519 PMCID: PMC8869176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a global epidemic. The combination of genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle is considered to be the main trigger of this metabolic disorder. Recently, there has been increased interest in the roles of gut microbiota as a new potential contributor to this epidemic. Research, in recent years, has contributed to an in-depth characterization of the human microbiome and its associations with various diseases, including metabolic diseases and diabetes mellitus. It is known that diet can change the composition of gut microbiota, but it is unclear how this, in turn, may influence metabolism. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the pathogenetic association between microbiota and diabetes and to explore any new therapeutic agents, including nutraceuticals that may modulate the microbiota. We also look at several mechanisms involved in this process. There is a clear, bidirectional relationship between microbiota and diabetes. Current treatments for diabetes influence microbiota in various ways, some beneficial, but others with still unclear effects. Microbiota-aimed treatments have seen no real-world significant effects on the progression of diabetes and its complications, with more studies needed in order to find a really beneficial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian-Ioan Craciun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Dana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca-Elena Craciun
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Adults: Evidence from a National Health Survey in Peru. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030582. [PMID: 35276941 PMCID: PMC8840136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a high risk of non-communicable diseases. Evidence of SSB consumption is needed to inform SSB-related policies, especially in countries with a high consumption, such as Peru. Using data from Peru’s National Health Survey conducted in 2017–2018, the consumption of homemade and ready-to-drink SSB was estimated from a single 24 h dietary recall, accounting for socio-demographic and health-related variables. Regression models were fitted to assess which variables were linked to a high/low SSB consumption. There were 913 people and mean age was 37.7 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.9–38.6). Mean consumption (8 oz servings/day) of homemade SSB (1.2) doubled that of ready-to-drink SSB (0.5). The intake of homemade and ready-to-drink SSB was higher in men (1.3 and 0.7) than women (1.1 and 0.3). The intake of ready-to-drink SSB was higher in urban (0.6) compared to rural (0.2) populations. People aware of having diabetes had a lower consumption of both ready-to-drink (0.9 vs. 0.4) and homemade SSB (1.3 vs. 0.8) than those unaware of having diabetes. Male sex and living in urban locations were associated with higher ready-to-drink SSB intake. Older age was associated with a higher intake of homemade SSB. Amongst Peruvian adults, the consumption of SSB products (particularly homemade) remains high. Population-wide interventions should also aim to improve awareness of the nutritional components of homemade beverages.
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The Intestinal Barrier and Its Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020662. [PMID: 35054847 PMCID: PMC8775587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease worldwide, mirroring the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. As there are still no licensed medications for treating the disease, there is an ongoing effort to elucidate the pathophysiology and to discover new treatment pathways. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated a crosstalk between the gut and the liver, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of liver disease. Among other intestinal factors, gut permeability represents an interesting factor at the interface of the gut–liver axis. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence from human studies showing the association between increased gut permeability and NAFLD, as well as with type-2 diabetes and obesity. We also discuss the manipulation of the gut permeability as a potential therapeutical target in patients with NAFLD.
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Xing Y, Chen J, Liu J, Song G, Ma H. Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid-to-Creatinine Ratio and the Risk of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:257-267. [PMID: 35140486 PMCID: PMC8818775 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s350468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr) and the risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 1434 patients with T2DM who were admitted to Hebei General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the study subjects. According to abdominal ultrasound findings, patients were divided into two groups: MAFLD group and non-MAFLD group. A total of 734 patients were diagnosed with MAFLD. Participants were divided into three study groups according to the SUA/Cr ratio. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used to perform a comparison between groups. The relationship between SUA/Cr ratio and MAFLD risk was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results. RESULTS The detection rate of MAFLD in patients with T2DM was 51.2%, and the detection rate of progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients with MAFLD was 36.6%. A significantly higher SUA/Cr ratio was seen in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the SUA/Cr ratio was an independent risk factor for MAFLD development. Stronger correlations were found in participants with a body mass index ranging between 23 and 28 kg/m2, HbA1C >7%, or female sex. CONCLUSION An elevated SUA/Cr index is independently correlated with an increased risk of MAFLD in Chinese adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18032838686, Email
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