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Lee OYA, Wong ANN, Ho CY, Tse KW, Chan AZ, Leung GPH, Kwan YW, Yeung MHY. Potentials of Natural Antioxidants in Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38929190 PMCID: PMC11201162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a substantial global public health challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. CKD patients often experience dyslipidaemia and poor glycaemic control, further exacerbating inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. If left untreated, these metabolic symptoms can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation. Alleviating inflammation responses has become the standard approach in CKD management. Medications such as statins, metformin, and GLP-1 agonists, initially developed for treating metabolic dysregulation, demonstrate promising renal therapeutic benefits. The rising popularity of herbal remedies and supplements, perceived as natural antioxidants, has spurred investigations into their potential efficacy. Notably, lactoferrin, Boerhaavia diffusa, Amauroderma rugosum, and Ganoderma lucidum are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may support kidney function preservation. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of Western medications and herbal remedies in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in renal dysfunction are not completely known. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CKD treatment strategies and renal function preservation and critically discusses the existing literature's limitations whilst offering insight into the potential antioxidant effects of these interventions. This could provide a useful guide for future clinical trials and facilitate the development of effective treatment strategies for kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Ying Angela Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Alex Ngai Nick Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ching Yan Ho
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ka Wai Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Angela Zaneta Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Harada M, Adam J, Covic M, Ge J, Brandmaier S, Muschet C, Huang J, Han S, Rommel M, Rotter M, Heier M, Mohney RP, Krumsiek J, Kastenmüller G, Rathmann W, Zou Z, Zukunft S, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, Adamski J, Gieger C, Peters A, Ankerst DP, Meitinger T, Alderete TL, de Angelis MH, Suhre K, Wang-Sattler R. Bidirectional modulation of TCA cycle metabolites and anaplerosis by metformin and its combination with SGLT2i. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:199. [PMID: 38867314 PMCID: PMC11170891 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin and sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are cornerstone therapies for managing hyperglycemia in diabetes. However, their detailed impacts on metabolic processes, particularly within the citric acid (TCA) cycle and its anaplerotic pathways, remain unclear. This study investigates the tissue-specific metabolic effects of metformin, both as a monotherapy and in combination with SGLT2i, on the TCA cycle and associated anaplerotic reactions in both mice and humans. METHODS Metformin-specific metabolic changes were initially identified by comparing metformin-treated diabetic mice (MET) with vehicle-treated db/db mice (VG). These findings were then assessed in two human cohorts (KORA and QBB) and a longitudinal KORA study of metformin-naïve patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We also compared MET with db/db mice on combination therapy (SGLT2i + MET). Metabolic profiling analyzed 716 metabolites from plasma, liver, and kidney tissues post-treatment, using linear regression and Bonferroni correction for statistical analysis, complemented by pathway analyses to explore the pathophysiological implications. RESULTS Metformin monotherapy significantly upregulated TCA cycle intermediates such as malate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in plasma, and anaplerotic substrates including hepatic glutamate and renal 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in diabetic mice. Downregulated hepatic taurine was also observed. The addition of SGLT2i, however, reversed these effects, such as downregulating circulating malate and α-KG, and hepatic glutamate and renal 2-HG, but upregulated hepatic taurine. In human T2D patients on metformin therapy, significant systemic alterations in metabolites were observed, including increased malate but decreased citrulline. The bidirectional modulation of TCA cycle intermediates in mice influenced key anaplerotic pathways linked to glutaminolysis, tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and antioxidative responses. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the specific metabolic consequences of metformin and SGLT2i on the TCA cycle, reflecting potential impacts on the immune system. Metformin shows promise for its anti-inflammatory properties, while the addition of SGLT2i may provide liver protection in conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These observations underscore the importance of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Harada
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Covic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Muschet
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jialing Huang
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siyu Han
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rommel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rotter
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhongmei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Donna P Ankerst
- Departments of Mathematics and Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, TUM, Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Madhag Z, Al-Isawi Z. Empagliflozin alone and in combination with metformin mitigates diabetes-associated renal complications. J Med Life 2024; 17:530-535. [PMID: 39144694 PMCID: PMC11320611 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern, often leading to undiagnosed micro- and macrovascular complications, even in patients with controlled blood glucose levels. Recent evidence suggests that empagliflozin and metformin have renoprotective effects in addition to their hypoglycemic action. This study investigated the potential protective effect of empagliflozin and metformin on diabetic renal complications. Forty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into six groups: normal control, diabetic control, metformin (250 mg/kg), empagliflozin (10 mg/kg), and combination therapy groups. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) following two weeks of 10% fructose solution in their drinking water. Blood glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen, inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α), and renal tissue caspase-3 were assessed after eight weeks. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, serum IL-6, TNF-α, and tissue caspase-3 were significantly decreased in the treatment groups compared to the diabetic group. The histopathological findings revealed that treatment with empagliflozin and/or metformin improved the damage in the renal tissue caused by diabetes-induced nephropathy. Moreover, co-administration of empagliflozin and metformin resulted in even better outcomes. Our data revealed that empagliflozin and metformin could improve renal function and decrease inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic animals, delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Combined treatment with metformin and empagliflozin proved to have an additive protective action on renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Madhag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Zahraa Al-Isawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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4
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Ajiboye BO, Famusiwa CD, Nifemi DM, Ayodele BM, Akinlolu OS, Fatoki TH, Ezzat AO, Al-Lohedan HA, Gupta S, Oyinloye BE. Nephroprotective Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Flavonoid Extracts via KIM-1 and TGF-1β Signaling Pathways in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19334-19344. [PMID: 38708257 PMCID: PMC11064007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced kidney damage represents a substantial health hazard, emphasizing the imperative to explore potential therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the nephroprotective activity of flavonoid-rich extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The flavonoid-rich extracts of H. sabdariffa leaves was obtained using a standard procedure. The animals were induced with streptozotocin and thereafter treated with both low (LDHSFL) and high doses (HDHSFL) of flavonoid-rich extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves and metformin (MET), and other groups are diabetic control (DC) and normal control (NC). The study assesses diverse renal parameters, encompassing kidney redox stress biomarkers, serum electrolyte levels, kidney inflammatory biomarkers, serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, kidney phosphatase activities, renal histopathology, and relative gene expressions of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-1β), comparing these measurements with normal and diabetic control groups (NC and DC). The findings indicate that the use of extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves markedly (p < 0.05) enhanced renal well-being by mitigating nephropathy, as demonstrated through the adjustment of various biochemical and gene expression biomarkers, indicating a pronounced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect, improved kidney morphology, and mitigation of renal dysfunction. These findings suggest that H. sabdariffa leaf flavonoid extracts exhibit nephroprotective properties, presenting a potential natural therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine
and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Courage Dele Famusiwa
- Phytomedicine
and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Daramola Mercy Nifemi
- Phytomedicine
and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Boluwatife Michael Ayodele
- Phytomedicine
and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Olapade Samuel Akinlolu
- Department
of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Bioinformatics
and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 370112, Nigeria
| | - Abdelrahman O. Ezzat
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M.
College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar
University, Mullana, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Institute
of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine,
Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department
of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State 362103, Nigeria
- Biotechnology
and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and
Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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5
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Oliveira AL, de Oliveira MG, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Bladder Dysfunction? Biomedicines 2024; 12:939. [PMID: 38790901 PMCID: PMC11118115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive α-dicarbonyl compound formed endogenously from 3-carbon glycolytic intermediates. Methylglyoxal accumulated in plasma and urine of hyperglycemic and diabetic individuals acts as a potent peptide glycation molecule, giving rise to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) like arginine-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL). Methylglyoxal-derived AGEs exert their effects mostly via activation of RAGE, a cell surface receptor that initiates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, favoring a pro-oxidant environment through NADPH oxidase activation and generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diabetic bladder dysfunction is a bothersome urological complication in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and may comprise overactive bladder, urge incontinence, poor emptying, dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and urinary retention. Preclinical models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have further confirmed the relationship between diabetes and voiding dysfunction. Interestingly, healthy mice supplemented with MGO for prolonged periods exhibit in vivo and in vitro bladder dysfunction, which is accompanied by increased AGE formation and RAGE expression, as well as by ROS overproduction in bladder tissues. Drugs reported to scavenge MGO and to inactivate AGEs like metformin, polyphenols, and alagebrium (ALT-711) have shown favorable outcomes on bladder dysfunction in diabetic obese leptin-deficient and MGO-exposed mice. Therefore, MGO, AGEs, and RAGE levels may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals. However, there are no clinical trials designed to test drugs that selectively inhibit the MGO-AGEs-RAGE signaling, aiming to reduce the manifestations of diabetes-associated bladder dysfunction. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of MGO-AGEs-RAGE-ROS axis in diabetes-associated bladder dysfunction. Drugs that directly inactivate MGO and ameliorate bladder dysfunction are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (A.L.O.); (M.G.d.O.); (F.Z.M.)
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6
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Parwani K, Patel F, Bhagwat P, Dilip H, Patel D, Thiruvenkatam V, Mandal P. Swertiamarin mitigates nephropathy in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:136-154. [PMID: 34657540 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1987478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The molecular mechanism by which Swertiamarin (SM) prevents advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) has never been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of SM in preventing the progression of DN in high fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 1 week of acclimatisation, the rats were divided randomly into five groups as follows: (1) Control group, which received normal chow diet; (2) High-fat diet (HFD) group which was fed diet comprising of 58.7% fat, 27.5% carbohydrate and 14.4% protein); (3) Aminoguanidine (AG) group which received HFD + 100 mg/k.b.w.AG (intraperitoneal); (4) Metformin (Met) group which received HFD + 70 mg/k.b.w. the oral dose of Met and (5) SM group which was supplemented orally with 50 mg/k.b.w.SM along with HFD. After 12 weeks all HFD fed animals were given a single 35 mg/k.b.w. dose of streptozotocin with continuous HFD feeding for additional 18 weeks. Later, various biochemical assays, urine analyses, histopathological analysis of kidneys, levels of AGEs, expression of various makers, and in-silico analysis were performed. RESULTS The diabetic group demonstrated oxidative stress, increased levels of AGEs, decreased renal function, fibrosis in the renal tissue, higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which were ameliorated in the SM treated group. In-silico analysis suggests that SM can prevent the binding of AGEs with RAGE. CONCLUSIONS SM ameliorated DN by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by AGEs.HighlightsSM reduces the levels of hyperglycaemia-induced advanced glycation end products in serum and renal tissue.SM prevents renal fibrosis by inhibiting the EMT in the kidney tissue.The in-silico analysis proves that SM can inhibit the binding of various AGEs with RAGE, thereby inhibiting the AGE-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Parwani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Farhin Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Pranav Bhagwat
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Haritha Dilip
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
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7
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Hasan IH, Shaheen SY, Alhusaini AM, Mahmoud AM. Simvastatin mitigates diabetic nephropathy by upregulating farnesoid X receptor and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Life Sci 2024; 340:122445. [PMID: 38278349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes that affects the kidney and can result in renal failure. The cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin (SIM) has shown promising effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the protective role of SIM on DN, pointing to the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in attenuating inflammatory response, oxidative injury, and tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. SIM was supplemented orally for 8 weeks, and samples were collected for analysis. SIM effectively ameliorated hyperglycemia, kidney hypertrophy, body weight loss, and tissue injury and fibrosis in diabetic animals. SIM mitigated oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory response, and cell death, as evidenced by the suppressed malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, CD68, Bax, and caspase-3 in the diabetic kidney. These effects were linked to suppressed Keap1, upregulated FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1, and enhanced antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2. The in silico findings revealed the binding affinity of SIM with NF-kB, caspase-3, Keap1, HO-1, and FXR. In conclusion, SIM protects against DN by attenuating hyperglycemia, kidney injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and OS, and upregulating antioxidants, FXR, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Sameerah Y Shaheen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK..
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8
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Abosharaf HA, Elsonbaty Y, Tousson E, M Mohamed T. Alzheimer's disease-related brain insulin resistance and the prospective therapeutic impact of metformin. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13356. [PMID: 37985011 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has coexisted. Uncertainty remains on whether T2DM and AD are parallel illnesses with the same origin or separate illnesses linked through violent pathways. The current study was aimed at testing whether the insulin resistance in the brain results in AD symptoms or not. Insulin resistance was induced in the brains of rats using a single intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) dose. We then measured glucose, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, and tau phosphorylation in the brain to look for signs of insulin resistance and AD. The results of this study indicated that a single dose of STZ was able to induce insulin resistance in the brain and significantly decline IRS-2. This resistance was accompanied by obvious memory loss, Aβ deposition, and tau phosphorylation, further visible diminishing in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased due to the antioxidant system being compromised. Interestingly, the pancreas injury and peripheral insulin resistance coexisted with brain insulin resistance. Indeed, the antidiabetic metformin was able to enhance all these drastic effects. In conclusion, brain insulin resistance could lead to AD and vice versa. These are highly linked syndromes that could influence peripheral organs. Further studies are required to stabilize this putative pathobiology relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Elsonbaty
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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9
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Jozi F, Kheiripour N, Akhavan Taheri M, Ghavipanjeh G, Nasehi Z, Esmaeil Shahaboddin M. Long-term effects of warm water immersion on kidney tissue damage in diabetic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:1162-1171. [PMID: 39055872 PMCID: PMC11266743 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74307.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of Warm Water Immersion (WWI) on inflammation, kidney function, and kidney tissue damage in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods Forty male rats were divided into four groups: Healthy Control (HC), Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic Rats treated with WWI (DW), and Healthy Rats treated with WWI (HW). Daily 15-minute WWI sessions at 43 °C were administered for eight weeks. Various parameters including lipids, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, insulin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), HSP70, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary albumin excretion, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress, anti-oxidant parameters, and gene expression of RAGE, VEGF, and TGFß1 were assessed. Histological examination of kidney tissue was also conducted. Results Significant reductions in FBS, AGEs, glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed in the DW group compared to DC. Expression of RAGE, VEGF, and TGFß1 genes decreased in DW. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were lower in DW. Insulin, HDL cholesterol, catalase, total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and tissue HSP70 were higher in DW. Histological assessment revealed reduced kidney damage in DW compared to DC. Conclusion WWI for eight weeks shows promise in mitigating diabetic nephropathy in rats, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive adjunctive therapy for managing diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Jozi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Gholamreza Ghavipanjeh
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasehi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Shahaboddin
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Shivam, Gupta AK. Toxicological Assessment and Anti-diabetic Effects of Combined Extract of Chirata, Fenugreek and Sesame on Regulating TNF-α, TGF-β and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e201023222477. [PMID: 37870057 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638252203230919092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum are used as traditional medicines to treat diabetes mellitus. A collection of metabolic illnesses known as diabetes mellitus (DM) involves chronic hyperglycemia caused by flaws in insulin secretion, function, or both. Innate immunity and inflammation both play important roles in the etiology of diabetes- related microvascular problems. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the anti-diabetic effects and the acute toxicity of combined extract (1:1:1) of Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum. To address the demand for higher effectiveness and safety, the current effort aims to construct anti-diabetic preparations containing methanolic extract from herbal medications. METHODS The OECD 423 method was used to investigate acute toxicity in rats. Rats were used as test subjects, and rats were given a 35 mg/kg BW injection of streptozotocin to develop diabetes. The diabetic control group was given Glibenclamide 0.25 mg/kg BW, while the experimental group's diabetic rats received 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW of a combined methanolic extract of all plants. Among the measurements looked at were acute oral toxicity, behavioral changes, body weight, serum glucose levels, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, renal function tests, and inflammatory mediators. All the rat groups' histopathologies of the kidney, liver, and stomach were compared. The data were evaluated using analysis of variance, and a post hoc test was then carried out. RESULTS The combined extracts' medium lethal doses (LD50) were higher than 2000 mg/kg, indicating that they are not poisonous under the conditions that can be observed. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' elevated blood glucose was found to be considerably lower (p 0.01) in the treated group of rats. In the treated group of rats, it was discovered that the damage and disarray in the cells typical of Streptozotocin-induced DM had been repaired. The treated group of rats returned to normal levels of the lipid profile, hyperglycemia, decreased serum protein and liver glycogen, increased liver function, and kidney function markers seen in the rats of the DM control group. CONCLUSION The evaluated combined methanolic extract can be considered safe for use in rats. Combining methanolic extract from all selected medicinal plants (Swertia chirayita, Trigonella foenum-gracum and Sesamum indicum) has a potential anti-diabetic effect and can be safely developed as an alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajpoot, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Asheesh Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajpoot, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
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11
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Singh P, Walia V, Verma PK. Hypoglycemia and anxiolysis mediated by levofloxacin treatment in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1197-1209. [PMID: 37975146 PMCID: PMC10638278 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study was designed to determine the effect of levofloxacin (LVX) treatment on the blood glucose level, insulin sensitivity, anxiety level, nitrite and MDA level of STZ induced diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were used in the present study. The rats were made diabetic by the administration of single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and NAD (50 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats with the blood glucose level greater than 200 mg/dl were considered as diabetic (confirmed at day-3 of STZ-NAD administration). The non-diabetic rats were considered as control and received saline.Diabetic rats received metformin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and LVX (20, 25, 30 and 35 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 14 days (starting from the day at which STZ was injected). Following administration on 14th day,the blood sample was collected and the rats were subjected to behavioral assays for the determination of locomotor activity and anxiety level. Plasma was separated and used for the estimation ofnitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA)level. On 15th day OGTT was performed in the overnight fasted rats for the assessment of insulin sensitivity. Results The results obtained suggested that the administration of STZ-NAD induced the hyperglycemia at day-3 of administration. Diabetic rats displayed the significant increase in blood glucose, anxiety related behavior, MDA level while significant decrease in the insulin sensitivity and plasma nitrite level. Daily administration of metformin to the diabetic rats decreased the blood glucose level, increased the time spent at the center of open field, reversed the anxiety related behavior in LDT and EPM, did not affect the plasma nitrite level, decreased the plasma MDA level, decreased the fasting glucose level and AUC in OGTT assay. LVX (30 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. LVX (20, 25 and 30 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the number of square crossing while LVX (20, 25, 30 and 35) treatment significantly increased the time spent at the center of the field by the diabetic rats. LVX (20 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the STZ induced anxiety in LDT while LVX (20, 30 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the STZ induced anxiety in EPM test. LVX (20, 25 and 35 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the plasma nitrite level and LVX (20-35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the MDA level of diabetic rats. Further only LVX (35 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the fasting glucose level and increased the AUC of diabetic rats. Conclusion In conclusion, STZ-NAD administration increased the blood glucose level, anxiety related behavior, decreased the plasma nitrite and increased the MDA level. LVX administration potentiated the diabetogenic effects of STZ-NAD in rats. Daily administration of LVX decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. LVX administration alleviated the STZ induced anxiety in OFT, LDT and EPM test. LVX administration increased the plasma nitrite level and decreased the lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01234-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Prabhakar Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
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Patel P, Patel S, Chudasama P, Soni S, Raval M. Roflumilast ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats through down-regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3285-3297. [PMID: 37318524 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roflumilast is a potent selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme which greatly manifest an anti-inflammatory activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients. Inflammation is a prominent factor in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential role of roflumilast in diabetic nephropathy. The model was developed by feeding a high-fat diet for four weeks and following streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. The rats with > 13.8 mmol/L blood glucose were treated with roflumilast (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) and standard metformin (100 mg/kg) orally once a day for eight weeks. Roflumilast (1 mg/kg) remarkably improved renal damage, indicated by an increase in 16% albumin, a decrease in 5% serum creatinine, 12% BUN, 19% HbA1c, and 34% blood glucose. It also significantly improves the oxidative stress levels, which was indicated by a decrease in 18% MDA level and an increase in GSH, SOD, and catalase by 6%, 4%, and 5%, respectively. In addition, Roflumilast (1 mg/kg) decreased the HOMA-IR index by 28% and increased the pancreatic β-cells functioning by 30%. Moreover, significant improvement in histopathological abnormalities were observed in roflumilast treatment groups. Roflumilast treatment was shown to down-regulate the gene expressions of TNF-α (2.1-fold), NF-kB (2.3-fold), MCP-1 (2.5-fold), fibronectin (2.7-fold), collagen IV (2.7-fold), STAT 1(1.06-fold), and STAT 3 (1.20-fold) and upregulated the expression of the Nrf2 (1.43-fold) gene. Roflumilast manifested a potential role in diabetic nephropathy as a renoprotective agent. Roflumilast effectively down-regulates the JAK/STAT pathway and restores renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), At and Post: Dist. Anand, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Piyush Chudasama
- Department of Research and Development, Sat-Kaival Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Soni
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, 387002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manan Raval
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), At and Post: Dist. Anand, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
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13
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Samaan E, Ramadan NM, Abdulaziz HMM, Ibrahim D, El-Sherbiny M, ElBayar R, Ghattas Y, Abdlmalek J, Bayali O, Elhusseini Y, Maghrabia A, El-Gamal R. DPP-4i versus SGLT2i as modulators of PHD3/HIF-2α pathway in the diabetic kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115629. [PMID: 37804810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Renal hypoxia is one of the currently highlighted pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Both hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α are major regulators of renal adaptive responses to hypoxia. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the effects of vildagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, DPP-4i) and empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, SGLT2i) on the differential expression of renal HIF-1α/2α. Tissue expression of prolylhydroxylase 3 (PHD3), a key regulator of HIF-2α stability, was also highlighted in a diabetic nephropathy rat model. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced and diabetic rats were treated with either Vildagliptin or Empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/d each) for 12 weeks. Improvements in the kidney functional and histopathological parameters were addressed and correlated to changes in the renal expression of HIF-1α/2α, and PHD3. Urinary KIM-1 concentration was tested as a correlate to HIF pathway changes. FINDINGS Both vildagliptin- and empagliflozin-treated groups exhibited significant improvement in the functional, pathological, and ultra-structural renal changes induced by chronic diabetes. Compared to the untreated group, renal gene expression of HIF-1α was decreased while that of HIF-2α was increased in both treated groups, with significantly greater effects observed with SGLT2i. Renal PHD3 immune-reactivity was also decreased by both drugs, again with better efficacy for the SGLT2i. Importantly, improvements in the diabetic kidney biochemical and structural biomarkers were significantly correlated to PHD3 reductions and HIF-2α increments. CONCLUSIONS Both DPP-4i and SGLT2i could delay the progression of DN through their differential modulating effects on the PHD3/ HIF-2α pathway with significantly better efficacy for SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Samaan
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Ramadan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Hoda M M Abdulaziz
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rana ElBayar
- Undergraduate Medical student, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Ghattas
- Undergraduate medical student, Mansoura Manchester Program of Medical Education, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Joly Abdlmalek
- Undergraduate medical student, Mansoura Manchester Program of Medical Education, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omnia Bayali
- Undergraduate medical student, Mansoura Manchester Program of Medical Education, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Aya Maghrabia
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
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14
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Liu G, Yu B, Li J, Zhang Z, Tao H, Zhao H, Lu Y, Yuan C, Li Q, Cui B. Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Micro-Organisms Regulate the Pancreatic FFA2-Akt/PI3K Signaling Pathway in a Diabetic Rat Model Affected by Pumpkin Oligosaccharides. Foods 2023; 12:3559. [PMID: 37835211 PMCID: PMC10572525 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we applied the Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing platform to amplify the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene of the gut microbiota (GM) and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer to detect the metabolites after supplementation with pumpkin oligosaccharides (POSs) to determine the metabolic markers and mechanisms in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The POSs alleviated glucolipid metabolism by decreasing the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels. These responses were supported by a shift in the gut microbiota, especially in the butyric-acid-producing communities. Meanwhile, elevated total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), isovaleric acid, and butyric acid levels were observed after supplementation with POSs. Additionally, this work demonstrated that supplementation with POSs could reduce TNF-α and IL-6 secretion via the FFA2-Akt/PI3K pathway in the pancreas. These results suggested that POSs alleviated T2D by changing the SCFA-producing gut microbiota and SCFA receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jianpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Haiteng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Haibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yanmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Quanhong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (G.L.); (B.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
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Malaekeh-Nikouei A, Shokri-Naei S, Karbasforoushan S, Bahari H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Heidari R, Askari VR. Metformin beyond an anti-diabetic agent: A comprehensive and mechanistic review on its effects against natural and chemical toxins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115263. [PMID: 37541178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, a growing number of studies have shown that metformin has some exciting properties, such as anti-oxidative capabilities, anticancer, genomic stability, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis, which have potent, that can treat other disorders other than diabetes mellitus. We aimed to describe and review the protective and antidotal efficacy of metformin against biologicals, chemicals, natural, medications, pesticides, and radiation-induced toxicities. A comprehensive search has been performed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 8, 2023. All in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were considered. Many studies suggest that metformin affects diseases other than diabetes. It is a radioprotective and chemoprotective drug that also affects viral and bacterial diseases. It can be used against inflammation-related and apoptosis-related abnormalities and against toxins to lower their effects. Besides lowering blood sugar, metformin can attenuate the effects of toxins on body weight, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, caspase-3 activation, cell viability and survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB, TNF-α, many interleukins, lipid profile, and many enzymes activity such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also can reduce the histopathological damages induced by many toxins on the kidneys, liver, and colon. However, clinical trials and human studies are needed before using metformin as a therapeutic agent against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malaekeh-Nikouei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Shokri-Naei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Karbasforoushan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Talukdar A, Basumatary M. Rodent models to study type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced human diabetic nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7759-7782. [PMID: 37458869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an outcome of prolonged diabetes, has affected millions of people worldwide and every year the incidence and prevalence increase substantially. The symptoms may start with mild manifestations of the disease such as increased albuminuria, serum creatinine levels, thickening of glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial matrix to severe pathological symptoms such as glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial fibrosis which may further proceed to cardiovascular dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. PERSPECTIVE Numerous therapeutic interventions are being explored for the management of DN, however, these interventions do not completely halt the progression of this disease and hence animal models are being explored to identify critical genetic and molecular parameters which could help in tackling the disease. Rodent models which mostly include mice and rats are commonly used experimental animals which provide a wide range of advantages in understanding the onset and progression of disease in humans and also their response to a wide range of interventions helps in the development of effective therapeutics. Rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced DN have been developed utilizing different platforms and interventions during the last few decades some of which mimic various stages of diabetes ranging from early to later stages. However, a rodent model which replicates all the features of human DN is still lacking. This review tries to evaluate the rodent models that are currently available and understand their features and limitations which may help in further development of more robust models of human DN. CONCLUSION Using these rodent models can help to understand different aspects of human DN although further research is required to develop more robust models utilizing diverse genetic platforms which may, in turn, assist in developing effective interventions to target the disease at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Talukdar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Mandira Basumatary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
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Kaewin S, Poolsri W, Korkut GG, Patrakka J, Aiebchun T, Rungrotmongkol T, Sungkaworn T, Sukanadi IB, Chavasiri W, Muanprasat C. A sulfonamide chalcone AMPK activator ameliorates hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115158. [PMID: 37473685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which currently lacks effective treatments. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulation by chalcones, a class of polyphenols abundantly found in plants, is proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for DM. This study aimed to identify novel chalcone derivatives with improved AMPK-stimulating activity in human podocytes and evaluate their mechanisms of action as well as in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of DN. Among 133 chalcone derivatives tested, the sulfonamide chalcone derivative IP-004 was identified as the most potent AMPK activator in human podocytes. Western blot analyses, intracellular calcium measurements and molecular docking simulation indicated that IP-004 activated AMPK by mechanisms involving direct binding at allosteric site of calcium-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) without affecting intracellular calcium levels. Interestingly, eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of IP-004 (20 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level, activated AMPK in the livers, muscles and glomeruli, and ameliorated albuminuria in db/db type II diabetic mice. Collectively, this study identifies a novel chalcone derivative capable of activating AMPK in vitro and in vivo and exhibiting efficacy against hyperglycemia and DN in mice. Further development of AMPK activators based on chalcone derivatives may provide an effective treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Kaewin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Wanangkan Poolsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Gül Gizem Korkut
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thitinan Aiebchun
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Titiwat Sungkaworn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - I Butu Sukanadi
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand.
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18
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Hamza RZ, Alsolami K. Ameliorative effects of Orlistat and metformin either alone or in combination on liver functions, structure, immunoreactivity and antioxidant enzymes in experimentally induced obesity in male rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18724. [PMID: 37600390 PMCID: PMC10432992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with incidences of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases and the risk of having it rose sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity is associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and hepatic disorders and has become one of the silent killer diseases affecting global health. Methods This study examined the effects of obesity on liver functions (ALT, AST and LDH), lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c and vLDL-c), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin hormone and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) in liver homogenates besides histological structure of the liver tissues and assessment of DNA damage. Fifty male Wistar rats were used and they were divided into five treatment groups: I-Control group, II-high-fat diet (HFD) treated group (Obesity) group, III-HFD plus Orlistat (ORL), IV-HFD plus metformin (Met) and V- HFD plus ORL plus Met. Results Experimentally-induced obesity caused a significant increase in liver enzymes including lipid markers (triglycerides and total cholesterol), inflammatory markers, tumour markers and lipid peroxidation markers and a concurrent decline in antioxidant enzymes and damage of liver main structures characterised by presence of congestion and accumulation of mononuclear inflammatory cells in blood sinusoids. In contrast, groups treated with either ORL or Met or both group, we recorded restoration of normal hepatic structures and a decline in DNA damage, liver enzymes and antioxidant levels. The best restoration and amelioration were observed in the group treated with a combination of ORL and Met. Conclusion Our findings indicated the synergistic effect of ORL and Met in ameliorating hepatic functions and lipid profile, alleviating inflammation, genotoxicity and side effects of experimentally-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Z. Hamza
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeejah Alsolami
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Rizk FH, El-Saka MH, Ibrahim RR, El-Deeb OS, Ibrahim HA, El Saadany AA, Mashal SS, Ammar L, Abdelsattar AM, Barhoma RA. Possible mitigating effect of adropin on lung injury in diabetic rats: Targeting the role of Rho A/Rho-associated kinase pathway. Biofactors 2023; 49:928-939. [PMID: 37103121 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated possible mitigating effect of adropin on lung injury in diabetic rats, targeting role of Rho A/Rho-associated kinase pathway. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, adropin, diabetic, and diabetic+adropin groups. At the termination of the experiment, serum fasting glucose, insulin and adropin levels and insulin resistance were calculated. Wet/dry ratio, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses, and relative real time gene expression of lung tissue was determined. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, Bcl-2, BAX, myeloperoxidase, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and transforming growth factor-β were determined in lung tissue. Adropin treatment in diabetic rats notably attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Also, it mitigated diabetic lung injury via suppressing effect on Rho A/ROCK pathway, apoptosis, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and fibrosis of lung tissue. Adropin can be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for treating diabetic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Rizk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mervat H El-Saka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Amira A El Saadany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S Mashal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Leila Ammar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Ramez A Barhoma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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20
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Corremans R, Vervaet BA, Dams G, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Metformin and Canagliflozin Are Equally Renoprotective in Diabetic Kidney Disease but Have No Synergistic Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109043. [PMID: 37240387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication for diabetic patients and is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin and canagliflozin, have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Additionally, quercetin recently showed promising results for the treatment of DKD. However, the molecular pathways through which these drugs exert their renoprotective effects remain partly unknown. The current study compares the renoprotective potential of metformin, canagliflozin, metformin + canagliflozin, and quercetin in a preclinical rat model of DKD. By combining streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NAD) with daily oral N(ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) administration, DKD was induced in male Wistar Rats. After two weeks, rats were assigned to five treatment groups, receiving vehicle, metformin, canagliflozin, metformin + canagliflozin, or quercetin for a period of 12 weeks by daily oral gavage. Non-diabetic vehicle-treated control rats were also included in this study. All rats in which diabetes was induced developed hyperglycemia, hyperfiltration, proteinuria, hypertension, renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis, confirming DKD. Metformin and canagliflozin, alone or together, exerted similar renoprotective actions and similar reductions in tubular injury and collagen accumulation. Renoprotective actions of canagliflozin correlated with reduced hyperglycemia, while metformin was able to exert these effects even in the absence of proper glycemic control. Gene expression revealed that the renoprotective pathways may be traced back to the NF-κB pathway. No protective effect was seen with quercetin. In this experimental model of DKD, metformin and canagliflozin were able to protect the kidney against DKD progression, albeit in a non-synergistic way. These renoprotective effects may be attributable to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Corremans
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benjamin A Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Dams
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Qiu D, Song S, Chen N, Bian Y, Yuan C, Zhang W, Duan H, Shi Y. NQO1 alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110712. [PMID: 37196773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes, and inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in its progression. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protects cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by toxic quinones. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of NQO1 against diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, the kidneys of type 2 diabetes model db/db mice were infected with adeno-associated virus vectors to induce NQO1 overexpression. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells transfected with NQO1 pcDNA3.1(+) were cultured under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Gene and protein expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected with MitoSOX Red. RESULT Our study revealed that the expression of NQO1 was markedly downregulated and that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TGF-β1 expression was upregulated in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions. Overexpression of NQO1 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1) secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) (collagen IV, fibronectin) accumulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (α-SMA, E-cadherin) in the db/db mouse kidneys and HG-cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, NQO1 overexpression ameliorated HG-induced TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways activation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that a TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, EMT and ECM-related protein expression in HG-exposed HK-2 cells. In addition, we found that the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and tempol increased the expression of NQO1 and decreased the expression of TLR4, TGF-β1, Nox1, and Nox4 and ROS production in HK-2 cells cultured under HG conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NQO1 alleviates diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yawei Bian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China.
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22
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Nasri M, Adibhesami G, Mahdavifard S, Babaeenezhad E, Ahmadvand H. Exogenous glutamine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:363-372. [PMID: 33021829 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1828478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on diabetic nephropathy and other complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced diabetic rats were enrolled as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animals were divided into control, diabetic, and Gln (1000 mg/l in drinking water, eight weeks) treated diabetic groups. Gln alleviated renal inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione), decreased serum uric acid and creatinine, and restored renal histopathological changes (glomerular volume, sclerosis, and leukocyte infiltration). Additionally, Gln ameliorated other complications, including systemic oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, serum and liver glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total superoxide dismutase, and liver catalase), insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Collectively, Gln attenuates diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasri
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Glavizh Adibhesami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sina Mahdavifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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24
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Das S, Gnanasambandan R. Intestinal microbiome diversity of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: Current status and future perspective. Life Sci 2023; 316:121414. [PMID: 36682521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the most common diabetic complications characterized by loss of renal function with high prevalence, often leading to acute kidney disease (AKD). Inflammation triggered by gut microbiota is commonly associated with the development of DKD. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are correlated in maintaining metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the fundamental processes through which the gut microbiota affects the onset and progression of DKD are mainly unknown. In this narrative review, we summarised the potential role of the gut microbiome, their pathogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and their impact on host immunity. A well-established association has already been seen between gut microbiota, diabetes and kidney disease. The gut-kidney interrelationship is confirmed by mounting evidence linking gut dysbiosis to DKD, however, it is still unclear what is the real cause of gut dysbiosis, the development of DKD, and its progression. In addition, we also try to distinguish novel biomarkers for early detection of DKD and the possible therapies that can be used to regulate the gut microbiota and improve the host immune response. This early detection and new therapies will help clinicians for better management of the disease and help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramanathan Gnanasambandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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25
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Naseri A, Sanaie S, Hamzehzadeh S, Seyedi-Sahebari S, Hosseini MS, Gholipour-Khalili E, Rezazadeh-Gavgani E, Majidazar R, Seraji P, Daneshvar S, Rezazadeh-Gavgani E. Metformin: new applications for an old drug. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:151-160. [PMID: 36474458 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide, evolved as one of the most widely used medicines. The applications of this component include but are not limited to reducing blood glucose, weight loss, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Studies about other probable indications have emerged, indicating that this agent can also be utilized for other purposes. In this review, applications of metformin are noticed based on the current evidence. Metformin commonly is used as an off-label drug in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but it worsens inflammation and should not be used for this purpose, according to the latest research. Metformin decreased the risk of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is an effective agent in the prevention and improvement of survival in patients suffering hepatocellular carcinoma. There is evidence of the beneficial effects of metformin in colorectal cancer, early-stage prostate cancer, breast cancer, urothelial cancer, blood cancer, melanoma, and bone cancer, suggesting metformin as a potent anti-tumor agent. Metformin shows neuroprotective effects and provides a potential therapeutic benefit for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It also has been shown to improve mental function and reduce the incidence of dementia. Another condition that metformin has been shown to slow the progression of is Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Regarding infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are among the conditions suggested to be affected by metformin. The beneficial effects of metformin in cardiovascular diseases were also reported in the literature. Concerning renal function, studies showed that daily oral administration of metformin could ameliorate kidney fibrosis and normalize kidney structure and function. This study reviewed the clinical and preclinical evidence about the possible benefits of metformin based on recent studies. Numerous questions like whether these probable indications of metformin can be observed in non-diabetics, need to be described by future basic experiments and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Naseri
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Hamzehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ehsan Rezazadeh-Gavgani
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Majidazar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parya Seraji
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Daneshvar
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Kakoty V, Kc S, Yang CH, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Exploring the Epigenetic Regulated Modulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Involvement in High-Fat Diet Associated Parkinson's Disease in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:725-740. [PMID: 36694924 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in brain glucose metabolism and epigenetic modulation during the disease course of insulin resistance (IR) associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk remains a prime concern. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), the metabolic hormone, improves insulin sensitivity and elicits anti-diabetic properties. Chronic stress during brain IR may modulate the FGF21 expression and its dynamic release via epigenetic modifications. Metformin regulates and increases the expression of FGF21 which can be modulating in obesity, diabetes, and IR. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the FGF21 expression modulation via an epigenetic mechanism in PD and whether metformin (MF), an autophagy activator, and sodium butyrate (NaB), a pan histone deacetylase inhibitor, alone and in combination, exert any therapeutic benefit in PD pathology exacerbated by high-fat diet (HFD). Our results portray that the combination treatment with MF and NaB potentially attenuated the abnormal lipid profile and increased motor performance for the rats fed with HFD for 8 weeks followed by intrastriatal 6-hydroxy dopamine administration. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) estimations of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 beta and 6, and FGF21 exhibited extensive downregulation after treatment with the combination. Lastly, mRNA, western blot, histological, and cresyl violet staining depicted that the combination treatment can restore degenerated neuronal density and increase the protein level compared to the disease group. The findings from the study effectively conclude that the epigenetic mechanism involved in FGF21 mediated functional abnormalities in IR-linked PD pathology. Hence, combined treatment with MF and NaB may prove to be a novel combination in ameliorating IR-associated PD in rats, probably via the upregulation of FGF21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.,Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sarathlal Kc
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | | | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Almuttairi RS. The Effects of Metformin Treatment on Diabetic Albino Rats' Pancreas, Liver, and Kidney Histology. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:459-463. [PMID: 37312691 PMCID: PMC10258265 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.359289.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug, has traditionally been considered the standard therapy for hyperglycemia. Metformin's several modes of action include inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, anti-glucagon activity, and insulin-sensitizing effect. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Metformin on the liver, pancreatic, and kidney tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Twenty mature albino white male rats were allocated at random into two groups. Intraperitoneal injections of alloxan monohydrate were utilised to induce diabetic Mellitus type II in the first ten rats. The second group of rats were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline. Both groups were then separated into four subgroups: Group 1 consisted of non-diabetic rats that were only administered distilled water (control), Group 2 consisted of non-diabetic rats that were administered metformin at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day, and Group 3 consisted of diabetic control animals that were administered alloxan intravenously and distilled water orally, but were not given any medications. After seven days of DM induction, diabetic rats were administered Metformin at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day orally. After one month of therapy, the animals were slaughtered and their organs were harvested. Compared to the control group, the histological results of pancreatic tissue were normal in the treatment groups. In contrast, liver and kidney sections from non-diabetic control, non-diabetic, and diabetic animals given 1000 mg/kg/day of Metformin had normal histology. Still, both tissues of untreated diabetic control mice exhibited lymphocyte infiltration. Metformin has been found to have significant blood glucose lowering properties and the capacity to protect several organs from the negative consequences of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Almuttairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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29
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Agomelatine improves streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy through melatonin receptors/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109646. [PMID: 36587501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Agomelatine, a melatonin receptor agonist, has a potent anti-inflammatory activity. The current study aimed to determine the ameliorative anti-inflammatory effect of agomelatine against DN. METHODS We used 10 % fructose with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DN in male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were treated with agomelatine in presence or absence of melatonin receptor antagonist (luzindole) or Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) inhibitor (EX527). SIRT1 expression was measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), 5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured using ELISA. Histological assessment was performed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained renal sections. RESULTS Fructose and STZ treatment induced diabetes, insulin resistance, and renal damage accompanied by reduced SIRT1 expression, increased NFκB activation, and decreased AMPK phosphorylation in the kidney. Agomelatine treatment improved kidney histology and function and upregulated SIRT1 expression (2-fold). Inhibition of melatonin receptors and SIRT1 activity increased NFκB phosphorylation (2.13 and 1.98-folds, respectively), reduced AMPK activation (0.51 and 0.53-folds, respectively), increased inflammatory markers ICAM-1 (2.16 and 2.23-folds, respectively), VCAM-1 (2.19 and 2.26-folds, respectively), and MCP-1(2.84 and 3.12-folds, respectively), and inhibited the ameliorative effect of agomelatine on kidney structure and function. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the ameliorative anti-inflammatory activity of agomelatine against STZ-induced DN and this effect is SIRT1- and melatonin receptor-dependent. Therefore, agomelatine may be beneficial to prevent the development of ESRD from diabetes mellitus.
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Ezeonwumelu IJ, Mode AM, Magaji UF, Nzoniwu NA, Tangaza MH, Tanimu FI, Dandare SU. Coadministration of L-alanine and L-glutamine ameliorate blood glucose levels, biochemical indices and histological features in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14420. [PMID: 36125865 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of supplementation of L-alanine and L-glutamine on blood glucose levels and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rat. Forty-nine animals were distributed into seven equal groups. Except for the non-diabetic control, diabetes was induced in all groups by intravenous alloxan injection followed by daily supplementation with amino acids for 14 days. Weight and blood glucose were monitored during supplementation, while biochemical parameters such as liver and renal functions, lipid profile, and antioxidant markers were evaluated post-intervention. A significant increase (p < .05) in weight and decrease in blood glucose were observed in the amino acid(s) treated groups. The supplementation with both amino acids restored important tissue antioxidants, liver and kidney functions and rescued islets cells degeneration. Histopathological examinations of important tissues showed the restoration of alloxan-induced physiopathological changes by the amino acids. Thus, these amino acids might serve as nutraceuticals for the management and treatment of diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The discovery and production of antidiabetic bioactive compounds are often challenging, and the existing antidiabetic drugs are expensive. Amino acids are key regulators of glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity; thus, they can play a crucial role in alleviating diabetes. Here, we present findings that strongly suggest the potential of pure amino acids (L-alanine and L-glutamine) for the management and treatment of diabetes. We show that these amino acids, when supplemented singly or coadministered can lower blood glucose levels and restore several other biochemical parameters implicated in diabetes. Hence, these cheap amino acids may be consumed as nutraceuticals or food supplements by diabetics for the treatment/management of diabetes. Foods rich in these amino acids may also be consumed as part of the diet of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi J Ezeonwumelu
- IrsiCaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Abduljalil M Mode
- Central Advanced Science Laboratory Complex, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Umar F Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Unit, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nnamdi A Nzoniwu
- Abu Dhabi Vocational Education and Training Institute (ADVETI), Mohammed Bin Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhamad H Tangaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Fatima I Tanimu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Shamsudeen U Dandare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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El Amin Ali AM, Osman HM, Zaki AM, Shaker O, Elsayed AM, Abdelwahed MY, Mohammed RA. Reno-protective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist and anti-platelets in experimentally induced diabetic kidney disease in male albino rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1487-1497. [PMID: 36544522 PMCID: PMC9742563 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65061.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetics is progressively increasing with an increased risk of fatal complications. Materials and Methods Sixty male albino rats were used in the study, and type 2 diabetes mellitus were induced. Diabetic rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, the control diabetic group and 4 treated groups were treated with metformin (group3), dulaglutide (group 4), metformin & cilostazol (group 5), and the last group was treated with dulaglutide & cilostazol (group 6). At the end of the experiment, the weight of rats and systolic blood pressure were estimated. After overnight fasting, the serum levels of blood glucose, lipid profile, and kidney function were measured. After scarification, gene expression of eNOS and NFKB in kidney tissue were estimated and kidney tissues were examined for histopathology. Results Diabetic rats showed a significant increase in body weight, blood pressure, serum blood glucose, lipid profile, and impaired kidney function. Metformin and dulaglutide are associated with a significant decrease in blood pressure, blood glucose level, serum lipid profile, and improved kidney function. These changes are associated with a significant increase in anti-oxidative markers, and decreased inflammatory and fibrotic markers, especially with the addition of cilostazol. Conclusion Metformin and dulaglutide have been shown to ameliorate kidney damage in diabetics by stimulating the anti-oxidant defense system, normalizing kidney functional parameters, and improving histopathological changes. The addition of cilostazol to metformin or dulaglutide increased some of their anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed M. Osman
- Professor of Physiology, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azaa M. Zaki
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Professor of Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rahab Ahmed Mohammed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt. ,Corresponding author: Rahab Ahmed Mohammed. Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum. Egypt. Tel: 01005446843;
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Kolieb E, Maher SA, Shalaby MN, Alsuhaibani AM, Alharthi A, Hassan WA, El-Sayed K. Vitamin D and Swimming Exercise Prevent Obesity in Rats under a High-Fat Diet via Targeting FATP4 and TLR4 in the Liver and Adipose Tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13740. [PMID: 36360622 PMCID: PMC9656563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has risen in the last decades, and it has caused massive health burdens on people's health, especially metabolic and cardiovascular issues. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency is increased by obesity, because adipose tissue alters both the requirements for and bioavailability of vitamin D. Exercise training is acknowledged as having a significant and long-term influence on body weight control; the favorable impact of exercise on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities has been demonstrated via various mechanisms. The current work illustrated the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and hepatic steatosis in rats and explored how fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) and Toll-like receptor-4 antibodies (TLR4) might be contributing factors to obesity and related hepatic steatosis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 was fed a normal-fat diet, group 2 was fed an HFD, group 3 was fed an HFD and given vitamin D supplementation, group 4 was fed an HFD and kept on exercise, and group 5 was fed an HFD, given vitamin D, and kept on exercise. The serum lipid profile adipokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed, and the pathological changes in adipose and liver tissues were examined. In addition, the messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of FATP4 and immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in adipose and liver tissues were evaluated. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise improved HFD-induced weight gain and attenuated hepatic steatosis, along with improving the serum lipid profile, degree of inflammation, and serum adipokine levels. The expression of FATP4 and TLR4 in both adipose tissue and the liver was downregulated; it was noteworthy that the group that received vitamin D and was kept on exercise showed also improvement in the histopathological picture of this group. According to the findings of this research, the protective effect of vitamin D and exercise against obesity and HFD-induced hepatic steatosis is associated with the downregulation of FATP4 and TLR4, as well as a reduction in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Kolieb
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Ahmed Maher
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah 52726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karima El-Sayed
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Al Mouslem AK, Khalil HE, Emeka PM, Alotaibi G. Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidemic Effects of Bassia eriophora and Its Derived Constituent, Umbelliferone on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206941. [PMID: 36296534 PMCID: PMC9611308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the chemical profile, antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic effect of total methanolic extract (TME) of Bassia eriophora and isolated pure compound umbelliferone (UFN) in high-fat diet (HFD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. TME was subjected to various techniques of chromatography to yield UFN. Diabetes was induced after eight weeks of HFD by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and experimental subjects were divided into five groups. The diabetic control showed an increase in levels of blood glucose throughout the experiment. Treatments were initiated in the other four groups with glibenclamide (GLB) (6 mg/kg), TME (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and isolated UFN (50 mg/kg) orally. The effect on blood glucose, lipid profile and histology of the pancreatic and adipose tissues was assessed. Both 200 and 400 mg/kg of TME produced a comparably significant decrease in blood glucose levels and an increase in insulin levels with GLB. UFN began to show a better blood sugar-lowering effect after 14 days of treatment, comparatively. However, both 400 mg/kg TME and UFN significantly returned blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Analysis of the lipid profile showed that while HFD + STZ increased all lipid profile parameters, TME administration produced a significant decrease in their levels. Histopathological examinations showed that treatment with TME and UFN revealed an improved cellular architecture, with the healthy islets of Langerhans and compact glandular cells for pancreatic cells distinct from damaged cells in non-treated groups. Conversely, the adipose tissue displayed apparently normal polygonal fat cells. Therefore, these results suggest that TME has the potential to ameliorate hyperglycemia conditions and control lipid profiles in HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz K. Al Mouslem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Promise Madu Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Recent Progress in the Diagnosis and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Era of COVID-19 and Single Cell Multi-Omics Technologies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081205. [PMID: 36013384 PMCID: PMC9409806 DOI: 10.3390/life12081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the world’s leading causes of death and life-threatening conditions. Therefore, we review the complex vicious circle of causes responsible for T2DM and risk factors such as the western diet, obesity, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence and economic burden of T2DM on societal and healthcare systems are dissected. Recent progress on the diagnosis and clinical management of T2DM, including both non-pharmacological and latest pharmacological treatment regimens, are summarized. The treatment of T2DM is becoming more complex as new medications are approved. This review is focused on the non-insulin treatments of T2DM to reach optimal therapy beyond glycemic management. We review experimental and clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 risks that are attributable to T2DM patients. Finally, we shed light on the recent single-cell-based technologies and multi-omics approaches that have reached breakthroughs in the understanding of the pathomechanism of T2DM.
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35
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Liu C, Yang M, Li L, Luo S, Yang J, Li C, Liu H, Sun L. A Glimpse of Inflammation and Anti-Inflammation Therapy in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909569. [PMID: 35874522 PMCID: PMC9298824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The pathogenesis of DKD is very complex and not completely understood. Recently, accumulated evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the development of DKD. It has been well known that a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways are involved in the procession of DKD. Additionally, some anti-hyperglycemic agents and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) that are effective in alleviating the progression of DKD have anti-inflammatory properties, which might have beneficial effects on delaying the progression of DKD. However, there is currently a lack of systematic overviews. In this review, we focus on the novel pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the development of DKD, including the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLRs/MyD88) signaling pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, inflammasome activation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway. We also discuss the related anti-inflammation mechanisms of metformin, finerenone, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases & Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
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Shaukat A, Hussain G, Irfan S, Ijaz MU, Anwar H. Therapeutic Potential of MgO and MnO Nanoparticles Within the Context of Thyroid Profile and Pancreatic Histology in a Diabetic Rat Model. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221128743. [PMID: 36158742 PMCID: PMC9500299 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium oxide (MgO) and manganese oxide (MnO) have been reported to be effective against Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However, their nanoparticulate form has not been evaluated for antidiabetic effect. MgO and MnO nanoparticles (15–35 nm) were synthesized and subsequently characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), zeta sizer, and scanning electron microscopy. 6–7 weeks old rats weighing 200–220 mg were divided into 07 equal groups (n = 8), namely, negative control (NC), positive control (PC), standard control (Std-C), MgO high dose group (MgO-300) and low dose group (MgO-150), and MnO nanoparticle high dose (MnO-30) and low dose group (MnO-15). Diabetes was chemically induced (streptozotocin 60 mg/kg B.W) in all groups except the NC. Animals were given CMD and water was ad libitum. Nanoparticles were supplemented for 30 days after the successful induction of diabetes. Blood and tissue samples were collected after the 30th day of the trial. The mean serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were improved maximally in the MgO-300 group followed by MgO-150 and MnO-30 groups. Whereas the MnO-15 group fails to show any substantial improvement in the levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon as compared to the positive control group. Interesting the serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were markedly improved in all the nanoparticle treatment groups and were found to be similar to the standard control group. These results highlight the modulatory properties of MgO and MnO nanoparticles and merit further studies delineating the molecular mechanisms through which these nanoparticles induce antidiabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Shaukat
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Irfan
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Liang L, Chen L, Liu G, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Sun B, Li Q, Zhang Y. Optimization of germination and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for the enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid in pumpkin seed. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2101-2110. [PMID: 35702278 PMCID: PMC9179130 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) are economical and effective methods to enhance bioactive compounds in plant seeds. We optimized the germination parameters and UAE parameters by using response surface methodology to maximize the recovery of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pumpkin seeds. The optimal germination conditions were as follows: soaking the seeds at 28°C for 6 h with 0.2% CaCl2, 3.8 mg/ml monosodium glutamate, and 4.0 mg/ml vitamin B6, then germination at 30°C for 61.6 h. The optimal conditions for UAE were as follows: 1:75 (w/v) material-to-solvent ratio, 220 W ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic treatment at 50°C for 14.4 min, which afforded an extraction yield of 2679 ± 10 mg/100 g. Moreover, the GABA-enhanced extract showed the potential of hypolipidemic effect in type 2 diabetes rats. These results confirmed that a combination of germination and UAE increased the GABA yield from pumpkin seeds and provided a basis for GABA-enhanced production to improve lifestyle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing China.,National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable Processing College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable Processing College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Guimei Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology Biomedical Engineering and Biological Science Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology Biomedical Engineering and Biological Science Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Quanhong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable Processing College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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Zolfaghari N, Monajemi R, ShahaniPour K, Ahadi AM. Regulatory effects and anti‐inflammatory activity of
Trachyspermum ammi
(L.) Sprague seeds extract on alleviation of kidney injury in diabetic rats. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najimeh Zolfaghari
- Department of Biochemistry Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Kahin ShahaniPour
- Department of Biochemistry Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
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Al Nohair SF, Ahmed SS, Ismail MS, El Maadawy AA, Albatanony MA, Rasheed Z. Potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic animal model. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:351-361. [PMID: 35480484 PMCID: PMC8989157 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Honey has been used as a traditional remedy for various health benefits. This study investigated the potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated secondary complications in type 1 diabetic (T1D) experimental animals. Autoimmune diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats, and at the same time, the rats were treated with honey or metformin. Sandwich ELISAs were used to estimate blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Histopathological examinations determined the T1D-induced lesions on kidneys, pancreas, cornea, and retina. Treatment of rats with honey during the course of T1D induction showed a significant reduction in fasting-blood-glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.01), and total lipid profile was also improved (p < 0.05). Not only these, but honey also reduced the T1D-induced lesions in the kidney, pancreas, and cornea/retina (p < 0.05). Metformin showed similar effects and was used as a positive control. In conclusion, honey showed therapeutic potential against the onset of autoimmune diabetes, as it reduces blood glucose/HbA1c and improves the lipid profile by reducing the plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides. Moreover, it also showed protective potential against the development of diabetic nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Fahad Al Nohair
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Buraidah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Suhail Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Buraidah , Qassim , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Saleh Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Menoufia University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Ahdab Abdo El Maadawy
- Home Economics Dept, Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Manal A. Albatanony
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Unaizah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University , P.O. Box 6655 , Buraidah-51452 , Saudi Arabia
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Antar SA, Abdo W, Taha RS, Farage AE, El-Moselhy LE, Amer ME, Abdel Monsef AS, Abdel Hamid AM, Kamel EM, Ahmeda AF, Mahmoud AM. Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ala M, Ala M. Metformin for Cardiovascular Protection, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoporosis, Periodontitis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Cancer, Inflammation and Senescence: What Is Next? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1747-1770. [PMID: 34927008 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by several complications. Higher prevalence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases has been reported among patients with diabetes. Metformin is the oldest oral antidiabetic drug and can improve coexisting complications of diabetes. Clinical trials and observational studies uncovered that metformin can remarkably prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), osteoporosis, cancer, periodontitis, neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tuberculosis, and COVID-19. In addition, metformin has been proposed as an antiaging agent. Numerous mechanisms were shown to be involved in the protective effects of metformin. Metformin activates the LKB1/AMPK pathway to interact with several intracellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. The drug modifies the biologic function of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, JNK, and other major molecules in the intracellular signaling network. It also regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs. Thereby, metformin can regulate metabolism, growth, proliferation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and senescence. Additionally, metformin modulates immune response, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis and exerts epigenetic effects. Furthermore, metformin protects against oxidative stress and genomic instability, preserves telomere length, and prevents stem cell exhaustion. In this review, the protective effects of metformin on each disease will be discussed using the results of recent meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies. Thereafter, it will be meticulously explained how metformin reprograms intracellular signaling pathways and alters molecular and cellular interactions to modify the clinical presentations of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 1416753955 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), 4814565589 Golestan, Iran
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42
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Luetić M, Kretzschmar G, Grobe M, Jerčić L, Bota I, Ivić V, Balog M, Zjalić M, Vitlov Uljević M, Heffer M, Gaspar R, Tabi T, Vukojević K, Vari SG, Filipović N. Sex-specific effects of metformin and liraglutide on renal pathology and expression of connexin 45 and pannexin 1 following long-term high-fat high-sugar diet. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151817. [PMID: 34808525 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The comparative effects of the two commonly used antidiabetic drugs metformin and liraglutide on renal pathology and expression of connexin 45 (Cx45) and pannexin 1 (Panx1) in adult obese rats fed high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD) were studied. Considering recent data on the profound influence of sex on metformin and liraglutide effects, we compared the effects of both drugs between male and female animals. 44-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups that were fed: standard diet, HFHSD, HFHSD treated with metformin (s.c., 50 mg/kg/day) and HFHSD treated with liraglutide (s.c., 0.3 mg/kg/day). Treatment with metformin or liraglutide lasted for 14 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to quantify renal pathological changes and Cx45 and Panx1 expression. HFHSD caused thickening of the Bowman's capsule (BC). Both metformin and liraglutide failed to ameliorate the BC thickening; metformin even worsened it. Effects on the tubulointerstitial fibrosis score, BC thickness and Cx45 and Panx1 expression were sex-dependent. We found a 50% increase in mitochondria in proximal tubules of metformin- and liraglutide-treated HFHSD-fed rats, but these effects were not dependent on the sex. This is a first study showing that the effects of metformin and liraglutide on kidney pathology in rats fed HFHSD are mostly sex-dependent and that these effects are not necessarily beneficial. Both drugs changed the Cx45 and Panx 1 expression; hence their effects could be related to amelioration of disruptions in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Luetić
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Split, Spinčićeva 1, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Genia Kretzschmar
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Maximilian Grobe
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Leo Jerčić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bota
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Marta Balog
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Marija Vitlov Uljević
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Robert Gaspar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér. 12., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tabi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia; University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Sandor G Vari
- International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalija Filipović
- University of Split School of Medicine, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia.
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Pourheydar B, Azarm F, Farjah G, Karimipour M, Pourheydar M. Effect of silymarin and metformin on the sperm parameters and histopathological changes of testes in diabetic rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:1091-1104. [PMID: 35098011 PMCID: PMC8792380 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i12.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a major contributor to diabetes, which can lead to testicular damage and infertility. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of metformin as a chemical drug with silymarin as an herbal agent on the sperm parameters and histopathological changes of testes in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (250-270 gr) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) diabetic; 3) diabetic+metformin 200 mg/kg; and 4) diabetic+silymarin 100 mg/kg. Daily injections were administered intraperitoneally for 56 days. At the end of the treatment, blood sampling was performed for biochemical assessment. Then, the rats were sacrificed and their left testis and epididymis were cut for sperm analysis as well as histopathology and morphometric evaluation. RESULTS Diabetes was associated with a reduced sperm count, motility, viability, maturity, and chromatin quality of sperm (p ≤ 0.001). It was also associated with a higher malondialdehide level and lower total antioxidant capacity level of serum in comparison with the control group (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference in the seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and testicular histopathological alterations in the diabetic rats compared with the control rats (p ≤ 0.001). Treatment with metformin and silymarin improved the above-mentioned parameters and this improvement was more substantial in silymarin-treated animals (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION In diabetic rats, metformin and silymarin improved sperm parameters, sperm DNA integrity, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium thickness, and testicular histopathological complications; this improvement was more substantial in the silymarin-treated group. So, the findings of this study suggest that silymarin is more effective than metformin in treating diabetic-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Pourheydar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azarm
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Farjah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourheydar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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44
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Potential Interaction of Fresh Garlic with Metformin during Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Cardiac Injury in Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9739089. [PMID: 34527070 PMCID: PMC8437587 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9739089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methods The study was undertaken on both normoglycemic and alloxan (90 mg/kg) induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150–250 g. At the completion of the treatment phase (30 days for garlic, 250 mg/kg, oral; 10 days for MET, 70 mg/kg, oral), rats were anesthetized and mounted on the modified Langendorff's apparatus. IRI was produced by myocardial no-flow global ischemia. Developed tension (DT) and heart rate (HR) were recorded both before and after ischemia. The perfusate was collected to estimate the leakage of cardiac biomarkers (Creatine Kinase-MB: CK-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase: LDH). Hearts were removed from the setup and utilized to prepare heart tissue homogenate (HTH) and histological slides. The endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in addition to oxidative thiobarbituric acid substances (TBS), were estimated in HTH. Results The hemodynamic parameters, including percentage recovery in HR and DT, were found significantly higher in animals pretreated with garlic and MET in diabetic rats (DR). Both SOD and CAT enzyme activities increased significantly while TBS levels were reduced in the HTH of animals treated with garlic and MET. The cardiac markers CK-MB and LDH levels also increased in HTH with a corresponding decrease in the perfusate. The histopathological changes in the heart and pancreas demonstrated noticeable protection of the tissues due to pretreatment with garlic and MET. Taken together, these findings advocate that reactive oxygen species derived from hyperglycemia execute an important function in myocardial global IRI; the therapy of garlic homogenate was found to be effective in alleviating these toxic effects. Conclusion The combined therapy of MET and garlic provided synergistic cardioprotection, implying that garlic seems to possess promise in lowering toxic parameters by protecting diabetic induced myocardial injury.
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45
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Histological investigation of the protective effect of metformin on testis and sperm parameters in obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.956929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Beneficial effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114687. [PMID: 34274355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances in podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction of podocyte foot processes forming a slit diaphragm is a common feature of proteinuria. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent of the biguanide class that is widely recommended for the treatment of high blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to lowering glucose, several recent studies have reported potential beneficial effects of metformin on diabetic kidney function. Furthermore, a key molecule of the antidiabetic mechanism of action of metformin is adenosine 5'-monophospate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the metformin-induced activation of AMPK is well documented. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of metformin against pathological changes in podocytes that are induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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Alshammari GM, Al-Qahtani WH, AlFaris NA, Albekairi NA, Alqahtani S, Eid R, Yagoub AEA, Al-Harbi LN, Yahya MA. Quercetin alleviates cadmium chloride-induced renal damage in rats by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress through SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of Xbp-1s and eIF2α. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111862. [PMID: 34246189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced nephrotoxicity. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a potent inhibitor of ER stress. In this study, we examined whether the protective effect of quercetin (QUR) against CdCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in rats involved modulation of SIRT1 and/or ER stress. Adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8, each) and treated for eight weeks as follows: control, control + QUR, CdCl2, CdCl2 + QUR, and CdCl2 + QUR + EX-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor). Treatment of rats with QUR preserved the glomerulus and tubule structure, attenuated interstitial fibrosis, increased creatinine excretion, and reduced urinary levels of albumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and β2-microglobulin in CdCl2-treated rats. Concomitantly, QUR increased renal levels of Bcl-2, reduced mRNA levels of CHOP, and protein levels of Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3, but failed to reduce the mRNA levels of GRP78, PERK, eIf2α, ATF-6, and xbp-1. QUR also reduced the renal levels of reactive oxygen species, tumour necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 and the nuclear activity of NF-κB in the control and CdCl2-treated rats but increased the nuclear activity of Nrf2 and levels of glutathione and manganese superoxide dismutase. Additionally, QUR increased the total levels and nuclear activity of SIRT1 and reduced the acetylation of eIf2α and xbp-1. The nephroprotective effects of QUR were abrogated by treatment with EX-527. Thus, QUR ameliorated CdCl2-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and suppressed ER stress mediated by the upregulation or activation of SIRT1-induced deacetylation of Nrf2, NF-κB p65, eIF2α, and xbp-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim A Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rashedinia M, Khoshnoud MJ, Fahlyan BK, Hashemi SS, Alimohammadi M, Sabahi Z. Syringic Acid: A Potential Natural Compound for the Management of Renal Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diabetic Rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:405-413. [PMID: 32072913 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200211101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy can lead to renal diseases; oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have critical roles in its development. OBJECTIVES In this study, the effect of syringic acid (SYR), a natural phenolic acid, on diabetic nephropathy and mitochondrial biogenesis was examined. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin. SYR (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 6 weeks. SYR effects on factors, such as antioxidant activities and mRNA expression level of mitochondrial biogenesis indexes, were evaluated. RESULTS In SYR-treated rats, blood glucose and ALP level were significantly reduced. SYR increased kidney GSH content in the diabetic group. Elevated renal catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in diabetic rats were restored to normal levels after treatment. SYR significantly reduced the renal TBARS level, which had increased in diabetic rats. This compound also significantly upregulated renal mRNA expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1, and increased mtDNA/nDNA ratio in diabetic rats. These values were reduced in the non-treated diabetic group. The results show improvement of histopathological damages of kidney in the SYR treated group in comparison with the diabetic group. CONCLUSION According to the results, SYR alters renal antioxidant defense mechanisms. Also, it could be considered as a novel approach by targeting mitochondria in renal diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khoshnoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Alimohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabahi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang Q, Yang M, Xiao Y, Han Y, Yang S, Sun L. Towards Better Drug Repositioning: Targeted Immunoinflammatory Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1003-1024. [PMID: 31701843 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191108160643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main clinical features of DN are proteinuria and a progressive decline in renal function, which are associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, including genetic, metabolic, and haemodynamic factors, which can trigger a sequence of events. Controlling metabolic risks such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia is not enough to slow the progression of DN. Recent studies emphasized immunoinflammation as a critical pathogenic factor in the progression of DN. Therefore, targeting inflammation is considered a potential and novel treatment strategy for DN. In this review, we will briefly introduce the inflammatory process of DN and discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of antidiabetic drugs when treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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50
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Hasan HF, Rashed LA, El Bakary NM. Concerted outcome of metformin and low dose of radiation in modulation of cisplatin induced uremic encephalopathy via renal and neural preservation. Life Sci 2021; 276:119429. [PMID: 33785333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The therapeutic expediency of cisplatin was limited due to its nephrotoxic side effects, so this study planned to assess the nephrotic and neuroprotective impact of metformin (MET) and low-dose radiation (LDR) in cisplatin-prompted kidney injury and uremic encephalopathy (UE). METHODS The effect of the 10-day MET treatment (200 mg/kg, orally) and/or fractionated LDR (0.25 Gy, of the total dose of 0.5 Gy, 1st and 7th day, respectively) on (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) cisplatin as a single dose was administered at the 5th day. Serum urea, creatinine and renal kidney injury molecule-1 were measured for the assessment of kidney function. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential in the renal and brain tissues was evaluated through, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione estimation. Moreover, renal apoptotic markers: AMP-activated protein kinase, lipocalin, B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein, B-cell lymphoma 2, P53 and beclin 1 were estimated. UE was evaluated through the determination of serum inflammatory markers: nuclear factor kappa B, tumor-necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1 beta likewise, the cognitive deficits were assessed via forced swimming test, gamma-aminobutyric acid, n-methyl-d-aspartate and neuronal nitric oxide synthases besides AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain 3 and caspase3 levels in rats' cerebella. KEY FINDINGS The obtained results revealed a noticeable improvement in the previously mentioned biochemical factors and behavioral tasks that was reinforced by histopathological examination when using the present remedy. SIGNIFICANCE metformin and low doses of radiation afforded renoprotection and neuroprotection against cisplatin-induced acute uremic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M El Bakary
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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