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Lan YL, Zou S, Chen R. Update on the intriguing roles of AQP4 expression and redistribution in the progression and treatment of glioma. Ann Med 2024; 56:2401111. [PMID: 39247976 PMCID: PMC11385637 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2401111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundant in the human brain and has an important role in brain homeostasis and diseases. AQP4 expression has been found to be associated with glioma malignancies. However, the complete understanding of the biological processes and curative importance of AQP4 in glioma remains unclear. The impact of AQP4 subcellular mislocalization on glioma progression and the precise mechanisms regarding AQP4 translocation in glioma need further investigation. In this review, we update recent findings about disturbed AQP4 expression in glioma and explore targeting AQP4 to modulate the glioma progression. Thereafter we discuss some possible mechanisms of action of AQP4 translocations in glioma. The present article offers an appropriate introduction to the potential involvement of AQP4 in the emergence and progression of glioma. Both comprehensive research into the mechanisms and systematically intervention studies focusing on AQP4 are essential. By embracing this strategy, we can obtain a new and insightful outlook on managing cancerous glioma. Although the observations summarized in this review should be confirmed with more studies, we believe that they could provide critical information for the design of more focused research that will allow for systematic and definitive evaluation of the role of AQP4 in glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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2
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Wang J, Wang Y, Zhu J, Wang L, Huang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Li X. Promoter hypermethylation-induced downregulation of ITGA7 promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration by activating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119785. [PMID: 38885843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that integrin alpha 7 (ITGA7) was downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and CRC cell lines and that the lower expression of ITGA7 in CRC tissues was correlated with distant metastasis, suggesting that ITGA7 may function as a suppressor in CRC. The present research was conducted to further investigate the role and mechanisms of ITGA7 in CRC progression. First, bisulfite modification and genomic sequencing (BSP) results showed that the methylation rate of ITGA7 promoter was higher in 10 CRC tissues than in the matched normal tissues. Additionally, 5-Aza-CdR treatment increased ITGA7 expression in CRC cells. Gain-of-function assays revealed the inhibitory role of ITGA7 in CRC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and cytoplasm and nuclear separation and rescue assays indicated that knockdown of ITGA7 activated the transcription of MMP9, SETD7, and ADAM15 by enhancing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Moreover, CoIP and Western blot suggested a mechanistic model in which ITGA7 binds to CKAP4 to block the interaction of CKAP4 and PI3K p85α and thereby suppress the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, the current study suggests that ITGA7 functions as a suppressor in CRC progression and that its expression is controlled by promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jijun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Liu CC, Yang WB, Chien CH, Wu CL, Chuang JY, Chen PY, Chu JM, Cheng SM, Qiu LY, Chang YC, Hwang DY, Huang CY, Lee JS, Chang KY. CXCR7 activation evokes the anti-PD-L1 antibody against glioblastoma by remodeling CXCL12-mediated immunity. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:434. [PMID: 38898023 PMCID: PMC11187218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs) influences the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to ineffective immunotherapies. We hypothesized that disrupting the communication between tumors and macrophages would enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies. Transcriptomic analysis of recurrent glioblastoma specimens indicated an enhanced neuroinflammatory pathway, with CXCL12 emerging as the top-ranked gene in secretory molecules. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of naïve glioblastoma specimens revealed CXCL12 expression in tumor and myeloid clusters. An analysis of public glioblastoma datasets has confirmed the association of CXCL12 with disease and PD-L1 expression. In vitro studies have demonstrated that exogenous CXCL12 induces pro-tumorigenic characteristics in macrophage-like cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through NF-κB signaling. We identified CXCR7, an atypical receptor for CXCL12 predominantly present in tumor cells, as a negative regulator of CXCL12 expression by interfering with extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. CXCR7 knockdown in a glioblastoma mouse model resulted in worse survival outcomes, increased PD-L1 expression in GAMs, and reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared with the control group. Ex vivo T-cell experiments demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells with a selective CXCR7 agonist, VUF11207, reversing GAM-induced immunosuppression in a glioblastoma cell-macrophage-T-cell co-culture system. Notably, VUF11207 prolonged survival and potentiated the anti-tumor effect of the anti-PD-L1 antibody in glioblastoma-bearing mice. This effect was mitigated by an anti-CD8β antibody, indicating the synergistic effect of VUF11207. In conclusion, CXCL12 conferred immunosuppression mediated by pro-tumorigenic and PD-L1-expressing GAMs in glioblastoma. Targeted activation of glioblastoma-derived CXCR7 inhibits CXCL12, thereby eliciting anti-tumor immunity and enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Chuan Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine; Taipei Cancer Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Huang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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4
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Hao Dong T, Yau Wen Ning A, Yin Quan T. Network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) as potential anti-metastatic agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1778-1794. [PMID: 37060321 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, or peacock flower, has been a subject of cancer therapeutics research, showing promising anti-cancer and anti-metastatic properties. The present research aims to investigate the anti-metastatic potential of the flower, through bioinformatics approaches. Metastasis targets numbering 471 were identified through overlap analysis following NCBI gene, Gene Card and OMIM query. Phytocompounds of the flower were retrieved from PubChem and their protein interactions predicted using Super-PRED and TargetNet. The 28 targets that overlapped with the predicted proteins were used to generate STRING >0.7. Enrichment analysis revealed that C. pulcherrima may inhibit metastasis through angiogenesis-related and leukocyte migration-related pathways. HSP90AA1, ESR1, PIK3CA, ERBB2, KDR and MMP9 were identified as potential core targets while and 6 compounds (3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one (163076213), clotrimazole (2812), Isovouacapenol A (636673), [(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,6a,7,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate (163104827), Stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol (86821) and 4,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (592216)) were identified as potential core compounds. Molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations investigations revealed that ERBB2, HSP90AA1 and KDR, along with the newly discovered 163076213 compound to be the most significant metastasis targets and bioactive compound, respectively. These three core targets demonstrated interactions consistent with angiogenesis and leukocyte migration pathways. Furthermore, potentially novel interactions, such as KDR-MMP9, KDR-PIK3CA, ERBB2-HSP90AA1, ERBB2-ESR1, ERBB2-PIK3CA and ERBB2-MMP9 interactions were identified and may play a role in crosslinking the aforementioned metastatic pathways. Therefore, the present study revealed the main mechanisms behind the anti-metastatic effects of C. pulcherrima, paving the path for further research on these compounds and proteins to accelerate the research of cancer therapeutics and application of C. pulcherrima.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hao Dong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ashlyn Yau Wen Ning
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tang Yin Quan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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5
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Sawicka MM, Sawicki K, Jadeszko M, Bielawska K, Supruniuk E, Reszeć J, Prokop-Bielenia I, Polityńska B, Jadeszko M, Rybaczek M, Latoch E, Gorbacz K, Łysoń T, Miltyk W. Proline Metabolism in WHO G4 Gliomas Is Altered as Compared to Unaffected Brain Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:456. [PMID: 38275897 PMCID: PMC10814259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Proline metabolism has been identified as a significant player in several neoplasms, but knowledge of its role in gliomas is limited despite it providing a promising line of pursuit. Data on proline metabolism in the brain are somewhat historical. This study aims to investigate alterations of proline metabolism in gliomas of WHO grade 4 (GG4) in the context of the brain. A total of 20 pairs of samples were studied, consisting of excised tumor and unaffected brain tissue, obtained when partial brain resection was required to reach deep-seated lesions. Levels of proline oxidase/proline dehydrogenase (POX/PRODH), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCR1/2/3), prolidase (PEPD), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) were assessed, along with the concentration of proline and proline-related metabolites. In comparison to normal brain tissue, POX/PRODH expression in GG4 was found to be suppressed, while PYCR1 expression and activity of PEPD, MMP-2, and -9 were upregulated. The GG4 proline concentration was 358% higher. Hence, rewiring of the proline metabolism in GG4 was confirmed for the first time, with a low-POX/PRODH/high-PYCR profile. High PEPD and MMPs activity is in keeping with GG4-increased collagen turnover and local aggressiveness. Further studies on the mechanisms of the interplay between altered proline metabolism and the GG4 microenvironment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Sawicka
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Karol Sawicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (K.G.); (T.Ł.)
| | - Marek Jadeszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (K.G.); (T.Ł.)
| | - Katarzyna Bielawska
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Reszeć
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Izabela Prokop-Bielenia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Polityńska
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Jadeszko
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Rybaczek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (K.G.); (T.Ł.)
| | - Eryk Latoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gorbacz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (K.G.); (T.Ł.)
| | - Tomasz Łysoń
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (K.G.); (T.Ł.)
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (W.M.)
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Cook L, Gharzia FG, Bartsch JW, Yildiz D. A jack of all trades - ADAM8 as a signaling hub in inflammation and cancer. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 38097912 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the family of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAM) ADAM8 is preferentially expressed in lymphatic organs, immune cells, and tumor cells. The substrate spectrum for ADAM8 proteolytic activity is not exclusive but is related to effectors of inflammation and signaling in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, complexes of ADAM8 with extracellular binding partners such as integrin β-1 cause an extensive intracellular signaling in tumor cells, thereby activating kinase pathways with STAT3, ERK1/2, and Akt signaling, which causes increased cell survival and enhanced motility. The cytoplasmic domain of ADAM8 harbors five SRC homology-3 (SH3) domains that can potentially interact with several proteins involved in actin dynamics and cell motility, including Myosin 1F (MYO1F), which is essential for neutrophil motility. The concept of ADAM8 thus involves immune cell recruitment, in most cases leading to an enhancement of inflammatory (asthma, COPD) and tumor (including pancreatic and breast cancers) pathologies. In this review, we report on available studies that qualify ADAM8 as a therapeutic target in different pathologies. As a signaling hub, ADAM8 controls extracellular, intracellular, and intercellular communication, the latter one mainly mediated by the release of extracellular vesicles with ADAM8 as cargo. Here, we will dissect the contribution of different domains to these distinct ways of communication in several pathologies. We conclude that therapeutic targeting attempts for ADAM8 should consider blocking more than a single domain and that this requires a thorough evaluation of potent molecules targeting ADAM8 in an in vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Federico Guillermo Gharzia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Nag S, Bhattacharya B, Dutta S, Mandal D, Mukherjee S, Anand K, Eswaramoorthy R, Thorat N, Jha SK, Gorai S. Clinical Theranostics Trademark of Exosome in Glioblastoma Metastasis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5205-5221. [PMID: 37578350 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive type of cancer that has led to the death of a large population. The traditional approach fails to develop a solution for GBM's suffering life. Extensive research into tumor microenvironments (TME) indicates that TME extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in cancer development and progression. EVs are classified into microvacuoles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. Exosomes are the most highlighted domains in cancer research. GBM cell-derived exosomes participate in multiple cancer progression events such as immune suppression, angiogenesis, premetastatic niche formation (PMN), ECM (extracellular matrix), EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), metastasis, cancer stem cell development and therapeutic and drug resistance. GBM exosomes also carry the signature of a glioblastoma-related status. The exosome-based GBM examination is part of the new generation of liquid biopsy. It also solved early diagnostic limitations in GBM. Traditional therapeutic approaches do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Exosomes are a game changer in GBM treatment and it is emerging as a potential platform for effective, efficient, and specific therapeutic development. In this review, we have explored the exosome-GBM interlink, the clinical impact of exosomes on GBM biomarkers, the therapeutics signature of exosomes in GBM, exosome-based research challenges, and future directions in GBM. Therefore, the GBM-derived exosomes offer unique therapeutic opportunities, which are currently under preclinical and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Bikramjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Swagata Dutta
- Department of Agricultural and food Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Debashmita Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal 741249, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical sciences (SIMATS) Chennai 600077, India
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre and Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park-III, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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8
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Cui Y, Lee P, Reardon JJ, Wang A, Lynch S, Otero JJ, Sizemore G, Winter JO. Evaluating glioblastoma tumour sphere growth and migration in interaction with astrocytes using 3D collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:5442-5459. [PMID: 37159233 PMCID: PMC10330682 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an astrocytic brain tumour with a low survival rate, partly because of its highly invasive nature. The GB tumour microenvironment (TME) includes its extracellular matrix (ECM), a variety of brain cell types, unique anatomical structures, and local mechanical cues. As such, researchers have attempted to create biomaterials and culture models that mimic features of TME complexity. Hydrogel materials have been particularly popular because they enable 3D cell culture and mimic TME mechanical properites and chemical composition. Here, we used a 3D collagen I-hyaluronic acid hydrogel material to explore interactions between GB cells and astrocytes, the normal cell type from which GB likely derives. We demonstrate three different spheroid culture configurations, including GB multi-spheres (i.e., GB and astrocyte cells in spheroid co-culture), GB-only mono-spheres cultured with astrocyte-conditioned media, and GB-only mono-spheres cultured with dispersed live or fixed astrocytes. Using U87 and LN229 GB cell lines and primary human astrocytes, we investigated material and experiment variability. We then used time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure invasive potential by characterizing the sphere size, migration capacity, and weight-averaged migration distance in these hydrogels. Finally, we developed methods to extract RNA for gene expression analysis from cells cultured in hydrogels. U87 and LN229 cells displayed different migration behaviors. U87 migration occurred primarily as single cells and was reduced with higher numbers of astrocytes in both multi-sphere and mono-sphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. In contrast, LN229 migration exhibited features of collective migration and was increased in monosphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. Gene expression studies indicated that the most differentially expressed genes in these co-cultures were CA9, HLA-DQA1, TMPRSS2, FPR1, OAS2, and KLRD1. Most differentially expressed genes were related to immune response, inflammation, and cytokine signalling, with greater influence on U87 than LN229. These data show that 3D in vitro hydrogel co-culture models can be used to reveal cell line specific differences in migration and to study differential GB-astrocyte crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Paul Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse J Reardon
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Skylar Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jose J Otero
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gina Sizemore
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Knowles T, Huang T, Qi J, An S, Burket N, Cooper S, Nazarian J, Saratsis AM. LIN28B and Let-7 in Diffuse Midline Glioma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3241. [PMID: 37370851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most lethal of all childhood cancers. DMGs are driven by histone-tail-mutation-mediated epigenetic dysregulation and partner mutations in genes controlling proliferation and migration. One result of this epigenetic and genetic landscape is the overexpression of LIN28B RNA binding protein. In other systems, LIN28B has been shown to prevent let-7 microRNA biogenesis; however, let-7, when available, faithfully suppresses tumorigenic pathways and induces cellular maturation by preventing the translation of numerous oncogenes. Here, we review the current literature on LIN28A/B and the let-7 family and describe their role in gliomagenesis. Future research is then recommended, with a focus on the mechanisms of LIN28B overexpression and localization in DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman Knowles
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Scripps, Pitzer, and Claremont McKenna Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Tina Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shejuan An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Noah Burket
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Zurich Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA
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10
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Saito J, Zao H, Wu L, Iwasaki M, Sun Q, Hu C, Ishikawa M, Hirota K, Ma D. "Anti-cancer" effect of ketamine in comparison with MK801 on neuroglioma and lung cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175580. [PMID: 36758782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is commonly used to induce anaesthesia during cancer surgery and relieve neuropathic and cancer pain. This study was conducted to assess whether ketamine has any inhibiting effects on neuroglioma (H4) and lung cancer cells (A549) in vitro. The cultured H4 and A549 cells were treated with ketamine and MK801 (0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 μM) for 24 h. The expressions of glutamate receptors on both types of cancer cells were assessed with qRT-PCR. In addition, cell proliferation and migration were assessed with cell counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays. Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), and cleaved-caspase-3 expression together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also assessed with Western blot, immunostaining, and/or flowcytometry. NMDA and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors were expressed on both H4 and A549 cells. Ketamine inhibited cancer cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Ketamine decreased cyclin D1, pERK, and MMP9 expression. In addition, ketamine increased ROS and cleaved caspase-3 expression and induced apoptosis. The anti-cancer effect of ketamine was more pronounced in A549 cells when compared with H4 cells. MK801 showed similar effects to those of ketamine. Ketamine suppressed cell proliferation and migration in both neuroglioma and lung cancer cells, likely through the antagonization of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Hailin Zao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Masae Iwasaki
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Qizhe Sun
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Cong Hu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Masashi Ishikawa
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Alves B, Peixoto J, Macedo S, Pinheiro J, Carvalho B, Soares P, Lima J, Lima RT. High VEGFA Expression Is Associated with Improved Progression-Free Survival after Bevacizumab Treatment in Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082196. [PMID: 37190125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the deadliest human cancers. Many GB patients do not respond to treatment, and inevitably die within a median of 15-18 months post-diagnosis, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers to aid clinical management and treatment evaluation. The GB microenvironment holds tremendous potential as a source of biomarkers; several proteins such as MMP-2, MMP-9, YKL40, and VEGFA have been identified as being differentially expressed in GB patient samples. Still to date, none of these proteins have been translated into relevant clinical biomarkers. This study evaluated the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, YKL40, and VEGFA in a series of GBs and their impact on patient outcome. High levels of VEGFA expression were significantly associated with improved progression-free survival after bevacizumab treatment, thus having potential as a tissue biomarker for predicting patients' response to bevacizumab. Noteworthily, VEGFA expression was not associated with patient outcome after temozolomide treatment. To a lesser extent, YKL40 also provided significant information regarding the extent of bevacizumab treatment. This study highlights the importance of studying secretome-associated proteins as GB biomarkers and identifies VEGFA as a promising marker for predicting response to bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Alves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Peixoto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Macedo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Kumari S, Kumar P. Design and Computational Analysis of an MMP9 Inhibitor in Hypoxia-Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10565-10590. [PMID: 36969457 PMCID: PMC10035023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The main therapeutic difficulties in treating hypoxia-induced glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are toxicity of current treatments and the resistance brought on by the microenvironment. More effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed to reduce tumor lethality. Hence, we screened plant-based natural product panels intending to identify novel drugs without elevating drug resistance. We explored GEO for the hypoxia GBM model and compared hypoxic genes to non-neoplastic brain cells. A total of 2429 differentially expressed genes expressed exclusively in hypoxia were identified. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated genes associated with GBM, further PPI network was constructed, and biological pathways associated with them were explored. Seven webtools, including GEPIA2.0, TIMER2.0, TCGA-GBM, and GlioVis, were used to validate 32 hub genes discovered using Cytoscape tool in GBM patient samples. Four GBM-specific hypoxic hub genes, LYN, MMP9, PSMB9, and TIMP1, were connected to the tumor microenvironment using TIMER analysis. 11 promising hits demonstrated positive drug-likeness with nontoxic characteristics and successfully crossed blood-brain barrier and ADMET analyses. Top-ranking hits have stable intermolecular interactions with the MMP9 protein according to molecular docking, MD simulation, MM-PBSA, PCA, and DCCM analyses. Herein, we have reported flavonoids, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavan, (3R)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran, and 4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan, to inhibit MMP9, a novel hypoxia gene signature that could serve as a promising predictor in various clinical applications, including GBM diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
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13
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Shao W, Azam Z, Guo J, To SST. Oncogenic potential of PIK3CD in glioblastoma is exerted through cytoskeletal proteins PAK3 and PLEK2. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1314-1322. [PMID: 35851857 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class IA phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic isoforms p110α, p110β, and p110δ have been implicated to play vital but overlapping roles in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that PIK3CD, encoding p110δ, is highly expressed in multiple glioma cell lines and involved in glioma cell migration and invasion. Based on the RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found the level of PIK3CD expression is significantly higher in GBM than WHO grade II and III gliomas and is closely related to poor survival. To further dissect the oncogenic roles of PIK3CD in glioma progression, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to completely abrogate its expression in the GBM cell line U87-MG and have successfully isolated two knockout clones with different gene modifications. As expected, the knockout clones exhibited significantly lower migration and invasion capabilities when compared with their parental cells. Interestingly, knockout of PIK3CD also dramatically reduced the colony formation ability of the knockout cells. Further study revealed that PIK3CD deficiency could negate tumorigenesis in nude mice. To determine the downstream effect of PIK3CD depletion, we performed RT2 profiler PCR array of selected gene sets and found that knockout of PIK3CD impaired the activity of p-21 activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2), molecules involved in cancer cell migration and proliferation. This explains why the glioma cells without the PIK3CD expression exhibited weaker oncogenic features. Further, RNAseq analysis of parent and knockout clones revealed that this interaction might happen through axonogenesis signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrated that PIK3CD could be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zulfikar Azam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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14
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Lan YL, Nie T, Zou S. Identification of the prognostic and immunological roles of aquaporin 4: A potential target for survival and immunotherapy in glioma patients. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1061428. [PMID: 36523816 PMCID: PMC9744806 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the critical role of AQP4 in the occurrence and development of gliomas. However, the role of AQP4 in immune regulation has not yet been reported. Many recent reports have identified the lymphatic system's occurrence within the central nervous system (CNS) and the vital role of immune regulation in treating brain tumors. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of AQP4 in the immune regulation of glioma. We used bioinformatics analysis to investigate the immunoregulatory function of AQP4, including its correlation with immunity, anti-tumor immune processes, immunotherapy, immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), stemness, mutation, and pan-cancer. The results revealed that AQP4 was significantly associated with the expression of multiple immune checkpoints, immune cells, as well as multiple immune cell effector genes, and antigen presentation and processing abilities. Although no significant correlation was found between the AQP4 gene and IDH mutation and MGMT, AQP4 demonstrated substantial expression differences in different immunophenotypes and molecular types. Using the TTD database, we discovered that EGFR, ABAT, and PDGFRA are strongly associated with AQP4 expression in the glioblastoma (GBM) classification, and these factors could be the potential AQP4-related immunotherapy targets. Afterward, we screened the differential genes in the high and low AQP4 gene expression group, the high and low immune score group, and the high and low matrix score group and took the intersection as the candidate factor. Finally, univariate Cox analysis was used to find eight prognostic variables with significant differences across the candidate genes. After lasso dimensionality reduction, three genes built the model (RARRES1, SOCS3, and TTYH1). The scoring model generated by the three genes was eventually obtained after the multi-factor screening of the three genes. Finally, combined with clinical information and cox regression analysis, it was further confirmed that the model score could be used as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Nie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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The diagnostic and prognostic potential of the EGFR/MUC4/MMP9 axis in glioma patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19868. [PMID: 36400876 PMCID: PMC9674618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, presenting poor prognosis despite current advances in treatment. There is therefore an urgent need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Interactions between mucin 4 (MUC4) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are involved in carcinogenesis, and may lead to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) overexpression, exacerbating cancer cell invasiveness. In this study, the role of MUC4, MMP9, and EGFR in the progression and clinical outcome of glioma patients was investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) in fixed tissue samples of glioma patients were used to evaluate the expression and localization of EGFR, MMP9, and MUC4. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed to test the prognostic utility of the proteins for glioma patients. The protein levels were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum of glioma patients, to further investigate their potential as non-invasive serum biomarkers. We demonstrated that MUC4 and MMP9 are both significantly upregulated during glioma progression. Moreover, MUC4 is co-expressed with MMP9 and EGFR in the proliferative microvasculature of glioblastoma, suggesting a potential role for MUC4 in microvascular proliferation and angiogenesis. The combined high expression of MUC4/MMP9, and MUC4/MMP9/EGFR was associated with poor overall survival (OS). Finally, MMP9 mean protein level was significantly higher in the serum of glioblastoma compared with grade III glioma patients, whereas MUC4 mean protein level was minimally elevated in higher glioma grades (III and IV) compared with control. Our results suggest that MUC4, along with MMP9, might account for glioblastoma progression, representing potential therapeutic targets, and suggesting the 'MUC4/MMP9/EGFR axis' may play a vital role in glioblastoma diagnostics.
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16
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Onishi S, Ohba S, Kuraoka K, Kurashige T, Sugiyama K, Yamasaki F. Molecular and clinical characterization of H3 K27M-mutant "non-midline" glioblastoma: A case report and literature review. NEUROCIRUGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 33:356-360. [PMID: 36333093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucie.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The WHO classification of tumors of the CNS in 2016 defined "diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant" as a new tumor entity locating in the CNS midline. However, the H3 K27M-mutation in "non-midline" glioblastoma are rare and their characteristics have been rarely reported. A 16-year-old girl presented a hyper-intense lesion at her left temporal stem on T2WI, FLAIR and DWI. Biopsy was performed and molecular pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma with H3 K27M-mutant. Accordingly, the possibility of H3 K27M-mutant should be examined not only for diffuse glioma without IDH mutation that develops at a midline location, but also in non-midline locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Onishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ohba
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuraoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Neuro-oncology Program, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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17
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Pan X, Burgman B, Wu E, Huang JH, Sahni N, Stephen Yi S. i-Modern: Integrated multi-omics network model identifies potential therapeutic targets in glioma by deep learning with interpretability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3511-3521. [PMID: 35860408 PMCID: PMC9284388 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and precise classification of glioma patients for their disease risks is critical to improving early diagnosis and patient survival. In the recent past, a significant amount of multi-omics data derived from cancer patients has emerged. However, a robust framework for integrating multi-omics data types to efficiently and precisely subgroup glioma patients and predict survival prognosis is still lacking. In addition, effective therapeutic targets for treating glioma patients with poor prognoses are in dire need. To begin to resolve this difficulty, we developed i-Modern, an integrated Multi-omics deep learning network method, and optimized a sophisticated computational model in gliomas that can accurately stratify patients based on their prognosis. We built a survival-associated predictive framework integrating transcription profile, miRNA expression, somatic mutations, copy number variation (CNV), DNA methylation, and protein expression. This framework achieved promising performance in distinguishing high-risk glioma patients from those with good prognoses. Furthermore, we constructed multiple fully connected neural networks that are trained on prioritized multi-omics signatures or even only potential single-omics signatures, based on our customized scoring system. Together, the landmark multi-omics signatures we identified may serve as potential therapeutic targets in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Brandon Burgman
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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TRIM66 Promotes Malignant Progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Targeting MMP9. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6058720. [PMID: 35912155 PMCID: PMC9334090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6058720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a higher incidence and mortality rate than other cancers, and over 80% of lung cancer cases were classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TRIM66 is one of the crucial members of TRIM, which has a deep connection with the behavior of various malignant tumors. But it remains uncertain regarding its exact function and underlying mechanism in NSCLC. In our study, qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to validate that TRIM66 was overexpressed in NSCLC. The migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) progression of NSCLC cells were determined by Western blotting and Transwell experiments after knocking down TRIM66, and it was found that knockdown TRIM66 inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT processes of NSCLC cells. Next, the binding relationship between TRIM66 and MMP9 was verified by Co-IP assay. After determining the interaction between them, rescue assays showed that overexpression of MMP9 was capable to promote the migration, invasion, and EMT of NSCLC cells. However, the transfection of si-TRIM66 could reverse this facilitating effectiveness. To sum up, we concluded that by targeting MMP9, TRIM66 could exert a cancer-promoting role in the progression of NSCLC cells.
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19
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Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Environment of Human Brain Cells Drive the Effectiveness of Drugs in Fighting Central Nervous System Cancers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070927. [PMID: 35884733 PMCID: PMC9313046 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of nanomechanical properties of tissues in health and disease is of increasing interest to scientists. It has been confirmed that these properties, determined in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix, significantly affect tissue physiology and the biological behavior of cells, mainly in terms of their adhesion, mobility, or ability to mutate. Importantly, pathophysiological changes that determine disease development within the tissue usually result in significant changes in tissue mechanics that might potentially affect the drug efficacy, which is important from the perspective of development of new therapeutics, since most of the currently used in vitro experimental models for drug testing do not account for these properties. Here, we provide a summary of the current understanding of how the mechanical properties of brain tissue change in pathological conditions, and how the activity of the therapeutic agents is linked to this mechanical state.
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20
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Solar P, Hendrych M, Barak M, Valekova H, Hermanova M, Jancalek R. Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations and Edema Formation in Different Brain Mass Lesions. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:922181. [PMID: 35910247 PMCID: PMC9334679 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.922181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of brain lesion pathologies is complex, but it is nevertheless crucial for appropriate clinical management. Advanced imaging methods, including diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient, can help discriminate between brain mass lesions such as glioblastoma, brain metastasis, brain abscesses as well as brain lymphomas. These pathologies are characterized by blood-brain barrier alterations and have been extensively studied. However, the changes in the blood-brain barrier that are observed around brain pathologies and that contribute to the development of vasogenic brain edema are not well described. Some infiltrative brain pathologies such as glioblastoma are characterized by glioma cell infiltration in the brain tissue around the tumor mass and thus affect the nature of the vasogenic edema. Interestingly, a common feature of primary and secondary brain tumors or tumor-like brain lesions characterized by vasogenic brain edema is the formation of various molecules that lead to alterations of tight junctions and result in blood-brain barrier damage. The resulting vasogenic edema, especially blood-brain barrier disruption, can be visualized using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient. This review presents a comprehensive overview of blood-brain barrier changes contributing to the development of vasogenic brain edema around glioblastoma, brain metastases, lymphomas, and abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solar
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Hendrych
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Valekova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Radim Jancalek,
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Chen J, Zhuang YD, Zhang Q, Liu S, Zhuang BB, Wang CH, Liang RS. Exploring the mechanism of cordycepin combined with doxorubicin in treating glioblastoma based on network pharmacology and biological verification. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12942. [PMID: 35186504 PMCID: PMC8855715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and fatal primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, there are no effective treatments for glioblastoma. Cordycepin is a natural active substance with significant anticancer activity and doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug. Cordycepin administered with doxorubicin is a potential drug combination for the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the mechanism of action for this drug combination has not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the complex mechanism of cordycepin combined with doxorubicin against glioblastoma using network pharmacology and biological verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an MTT assay, colony formation assay, and scratch healing to detect the growth, proliferation, and migration of LN-229, U251 and T98G cells. Putative targets and the potential mechanism of action for the drug combination in glioblastoma were obtained through online databases, network construction, and enrichment analyses. We verified the expression of EMT-related genes and identified important therapeutic targets by western blot. RESULTS In this study, the combination of doxorubicin and cordycepin was found to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can induce apoptosis. These effects are better together than with either drug alone. The drug combination inhibited EMT by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin protein and downregulating the expression of N-cadherin, ZEB1, and Twist1 proteins. There were 71 potential targets for the drug combination in glioblastoma, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis suggested that the anticancer process may be mediated by proteoglycans in cancer, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, microRNA in cancer, pathways in cancer, and other pathways. To study the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity, we detected the expression of target proteins with downregulated expression of NFKB1, MAPK8, MYC, and MMP-9 proteins and upregulated expression of cleaved caspase 3 that promoted the apoptosis of LN-229 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the drug combination of doxorubicin and cordycepin effectively inhibits the growth and proliferation of LN-229 cells through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and the combination inhibits cell invasion and migration by regulating the EMT switch of tumor cells. Our findings provide new ideas about, and a theoretical basis for, the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Multiple Faces of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020595. [PMID: 35054779 PMCID: PMC8775531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic accumulation of resident and infiltrating tumor cells, responsible for growth and invasion. The authors focused on the leading-edge concepts regarding the glioblastoma microenvironment. Due to the fact that the modern trend in the research and treatment of glioblastoma is represented by multiple approaches that target not only the primary tumor but also the neighboring tissue, the study of the microenvironment in the peritumoral tissue is an appealing direction for current and future therapies.
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Abbas EAER, Barakat AB, Hassany M, Youssef SS. The role of BCL9 genetic variation as a biomarker for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34978646 PMCID: PMC8724383 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common cancers related to mortality around the world, and susceptibility is related with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Copy number variation of the Bcell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) gene is a type of structural variation which can influence gene expression and can be related with specific phenotypes and diseases and has a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our aims were to assess the copy number variation (CNV) in the BCL9 gene and explore its role in HCV-related HCC Egyptian patients. A total of 50 HCV-related HCC patients were enrolled in the study (including 25 early HCC and 25 late HCC cases); the copy number of the BCL9 gene was detected using quantitative polymerase reaction. RESULTS There was a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (early and late HCC patients) in gender, bilharziasis, performance status, child score class, child grade, focal lesion size, portal vein, and ascites. CNV was detected and represented by the gain in the BCL9 gene in 14% of patients, and all of them were males. Also, it was noticed that the ratio of gain in BCL9 copy number in late individuals was about 1.5 times than that in early HCC individuals. Moreover, our results showed that the distribution of performance status > 1, average and enlarged liver, focal lesion size, thrombosed portal vein, and AFP was higher in patients with BCL9 copy number gain. CONCLUSION We detected about 14% gain in BCL9 copy number in Egyptian HCC patients. But the variation in copy number of the BCL9 gene did not affect HCC development in our patients' cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd El Razek Abbas
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Hassany
- Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Samir Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
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24
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhuang Y, Liu S, Zhou X, Zhang G. Molecular mechanism of GANT61 combined with doxorubicin in the treatment of gliomas based on network pharmacology. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Najafi S, Esmaeili S, Zhaleh H, Rahmati Y. The role of IDH1 mutation on gene expression in glioblastoma. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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A System Bioinformatics Approach Predicts the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Course of Action of Radix Salviae Reverses GBM Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1218969. [PMID: 35154340 PMCID: PMC8825271 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1218969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study used in vitro techniques to investigate the therapeutic effect of Radix Salviae on human glioblastoma and decode its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The active components and targets of the Radix Salviae were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The targets of human glioblastoma were obtained from the GeneCards Database. The Radix Salviae-mediated antiglioblastoma was evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO) analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, mechanism of action of Radix Salviae against human glioblastoma was deduced by molecular docking and experiments. Results We screened 66 active ingredients and 45 targets of the Radix Salviae. The enrichment analysis based on the targets mentioned above suggested a possible role in protein phosphorylation, cell transcription, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor signaling pathways. Further study demonstrated that cryptotanshinone, an essential component of Radix Salviae, played a significant role in killing human glioblastoma cells and protecting the body by inhibiting the AKT, IKB, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Conclusions Radix Salviae could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human glioblastoma by regulating STAT3, Akt, and IKB signaling pathways. Radix Salviae has potential therapeutic value in the future for human glioblastoma.
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Dapash M, Castro B, Hou D, Lee-Chang C. Current Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4548. [PMID: 34572775 PMCID: PMC8467991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor. Despite extensive effort in basic, translational, and clinical research, the treatment outcomes for patients with GBM are virtually unchanged over the past 15 years. GBM is one of the most immunologically "cold" tumors, in which cytotoxic T-cell infiltration is minimal, and myeloid infiltration predominates. This is due to the profound immunosuppressive nature of GBM, a tumor microenvironment that is metabolically challenging for immune cells, and the low mutational burden of GBMs. Together, these GBM characteristics contribute to the poor results obtained from immunotherapy. However, as indicated by an ongoing and expanding number of clinical trials, and despite the mostly disappointing results to date, immunotherapy remains a conceptually attractive approach for treating GBM. Checkpoint inhibitors, various vaccination strategies, and CAR T-cell therapy serve as some of the most investigated immunotherapeutic strategies. This review article aims to provide a general overview of the current state of glioblastoma immunotherapy. Information was compiled through a literature search conducted on PubMed and clinical trials between 1961 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dapash
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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28
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Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Palencia G, Anaya-Rubio I, Pérez JCG, Jiménez-Farfán D, Escamilla-Ramírez Á, Zavala-Vega S, Cruz-Salgado A, Cervantes-Rebolledo C, Gracia-Mora I, Ruiz-Azuara L, Trejo-Solis C. Anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-invasive effect of the copper coordination compound Cas III-La through the induction of reactive oxygen species and regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioma. J Cancer 2021; 12:5693-5711. [PMID: 34475984 PMCID: PMC8408120 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most aggressive neoplasms that affect the central nervous system, being glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) the most malignant. The resistance of GBM to therapies is attributed to its high rate of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis; thus, finding alternative therapeutic approaches is vital. In this work, the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-invasive effect of the copper coordination compound Casiopeina III-La (Cas III-La) on human U373 MG cells was determined in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that Cas III-La exerts an anti-proliferative effect, promoting apoptotic cell death and inactivating the invasive process by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivating GSK3β, activating JNK and ERK, and promoting the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. The inhibition of ROS generation by N-acetyl-l-cysteine not only recovered cell migration and viability, but also reduced β-catenin accumulation and JNK and ERK activation. Additionally, Cas III-La significantly reduced tumor volume, cell proliferation and mitotic indices, and increased the apoptotic index in mice xenotransplanted with U373 glioma cells. Thus, Cas III-La is a promising agent to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe Palencia
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México
| | - Isabel Anaya-Rubio
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México
| | | | - Dolores Jiménez-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Ángel Escamilla-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México.,Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, C.P. 71256 Oaxaca, México
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México
| | | | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Investigación Científica 70, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Tlalpan, México
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The role of melatonin in angio-miR-associated inhibition of tumorigenesis and invasion in human glioblastoma tumour spheroids. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101617. [PMID: 34418770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA (miRNA)-based regulation of hypoxia, angiogenesis and tumour growth provides promising targets for effective therapy in malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of melatonin in miRNA expression in cancer cells. Despite these findings, the melatonin-miRNA interaction in GBM and the effect of this interaction on GBM tumour development and invasion are not clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on human GBM tumour spheroid tumorigenesis and invasion in vitro, and to analyse the interaction between 36 angio-miRNAs and the HIF1/VEGF/MMP9 axis, which is known to be associated with the antitumour effect of melatonin. We found that melatonin is able to selectively induce cell death in single-layer U87-MG cells (a GBM cell line) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as characterized by MTT assay. The use of tumour spheroids and a Matrigel invasion assay revealed that melatonin impairs tumorigenesis, and it significantly reduced both the tumour spheroid area and invasion rate, especially at the 0.5 mM and 1 mM concentrations. This inhibition was accompanied by strong reductions in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression and protein levels in GBM tumour spheroids. In addition, melatonin significantly reduced the relative gene expression and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study revealed that six differentially expressed angio-miRs (miR-15b, miR-18a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-130a-5p, miR-200b-3p) may play important roles in GBM tumorigenesis and invasion, and all respond to melatonin therapy. Our results suggest that melatonin inhibits tumorigenesis and invasion of human GBM tumour spheroids, possibly by suppressing HIF1-α/VEGF/MMP9 signalling via regulation of angio-miRNAs.
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Onishi S, Ohba S, Kuraoka K, Kurashige T, Sugiyama K, Yamasaki F. Molecular and clinical characterization of H3 K27M-mutant “non-midline” glioblastoma: A case report and literature review. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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(Carboxymethyl-stevioside)-coated magnetic dots for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia and improved glioblastoma treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111870. [PMID: 34034224 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of different types of biomaterials as surfactant moities has a defined role in magnetic hyperthermia-mediated cancer therapy (MHCT). In this work, we present carboxymethyl-stevioside (CMS)-modified magnetic dots (MDs) as efficient magnetic hyperthermia agents for glioma therapy. The synthesized MDs with CMS biosurfactant coating exhibited significant water stability that resulted in a remarkable specific absorption rate of 209.25 W/g on application of alternating magnetic field of strength 359 kHz and 188 Oe. The MDs further demonstrated significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive effect on glioma C6 cells by inhibiting the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. The effect of immediate and long term hyperthermia treatment was then evaluated after repetitive exposure to hyperthermia, in terms of glioma cell viability, the effect of treatment on cell morphology, the cell cycle distribution and oxidative stress generation. The results obtained suggest the promising potential of CMS-modified nano-heaters for excellent magnetic hyperthermia-mediated glioma therapy.
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Alters Proliferative, Migratory, and Invasive Properties of Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094297. [PMID: 33919029 PMCID: PMC8122446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to increase glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation and migration while cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition decreases proliferation and migration. The present study investigated the effects of COX inhibitors and PGE2 receptor antagonists on GBM cell biology. Cells were grown with inhibitors and dose response, viable cell counting, flow cytometry, cell migration, gene expression, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography studies were performed. The stimulatory effects of PGE2 and the inhibitory effects of ibuprofen (IBP) were confirmed in GBM cells. The EP2 and EP4 receptors were identified as important mediators of the actions of PGE2 in GBM cells. The concomitant inhibition of EP2 and EP4 caused a significant decrease in cell migration which was not reverted by exogenous PGE2. In T98G cells exogenous PGE2 increased latent MMP2 gelatinolytic activity. The inhibition of COX1 or COX2 caused significant alterations in MMP2 expression and gelatinolytic activity in GBM cells. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of PGE2 signalling through the EP2 and the EP4 receptor in the control of GBM cell biology. They also support the hypothesis that a relationship exists between COX1 and MMP2 in GBM cells which merits further investigation as a novel therapeutic target for drug development.
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Rahnama S, Bakhshinejad B, Farzam F, Bitaraf A, Ghazimoradi MH, Babashah S. Identification of dysregulated competing endogenous RNA networks in glioblastoma: A way toward improved therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2021; 277:119488. [PMID: 33862117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although there have been considerable advancements in understanding the causative molecular mechanisms of this malignancy, effective therapeutic strategies are still in limited use. It has been revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in glioblastoma development, while interactions between the regulatory molecules such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), transcribed pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) remain to be fully deciphered. Over the recent years, researchers have discovered a new category of RNA molecules called competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). This kind of RNA can contribute to molecular interactions in the form of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs). Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that dysregulation of various ceRNA networks is involved in glioblastoma development. Therefore, gaining insights into these dysregulations might offer potential for the early diagnosis of glioblastoma patients and identification of efficient therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on ceRNA networks and the involvement of dysregulated networks in posing limitations to temozolomide therapy. We also describe signaling pathways relevant to the progression of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rahnama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Farzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Buonfiglioli A, Hambardzumyan D. Macrophages and microglia: the cerberus of glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:54. [PMID: 33766119 PMCID: PMC7992800 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadliest of the primary brain tumors, characterized by malignant growth, invasion into the brain parenchyma, and resistance to therapy. GBM is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high degrees of both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Another layer of complexity arises from the unique brain microenvironment in which GBM develops and grows. The GBM microenvironment consists of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. The most abundant non-neoplastic cells are those of the innate immune system, called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs constitute up to 40% of the tumor mass and consist of both brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells from the periphery. Although genetically stable, TAMs can change their expression profiles based upon the signals that they receive from tumor cells; therefore, heterogeneity in GBM creates heterogeneity in TAMs. By interacting with tumor cells and with the other non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs promote tumor progression. Here, we review the origin, heterogeneity, and functional roles of TAMs. In addition, we discuss the prospects of therapeutically targeting TAMs alone or in combination with standard or newly-emerging GBM targeting therapies.
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Dzikowski L, Mirzaei R, Sarkar S, Kumar M, Bose P, Bellail A, Hao C, Yong VW. Fibrinogen in the glioblastoma microenvironment contributes to the invasiveness of brain tumor-initiating cells. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12947. [PMID: 33694259 PMCID: PMC8412081 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, recurrent, and lethal brain tumors that are maintained via brain tumor‐initiating cells (BTICs). The aggressiveness of BTICs may be dependent on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are highly enriched within the GBM microenvironment. Here, we investigated the expression of ECM molecules in GBM patients by mining the transcriptomic databases and also staining human GBM specimens. RNA levels for fibronectin, brevican, versican, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), and several laminins were high in GBMs compared to normal brain, and this was corroborated by immunohistochemistry. While fibrinogen transcript was at normal level in GBM, its protein immunoreactivity was prominent within GBM tissues. These ECM molecules in tumor specimens were in proximity to, and surrounding BTICs. In culture, fibronectin and pan‐laminin induced the adhesion of BTICs onto the plastic substratum. However, fibrinogen increased the size of the BTIC spheres by facilitating the adhesive property, motility, and invasiveness of BTICs. These features of elevated invasiveness were corroborated in resected GBM specimens by the close proximity of fibrinogen with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and‐9, which are proteases implicated in metastasis. Moreover, the effect of fibrinogen‐induced invasiveness was attenuated in BTICs where MMP‐2 and ‐9 have been inhibited with siRNAs or pharmacological inhibitors. Our results implicate fibrinogen in GBM as a mediator of the invasive properties of BTICs, and as a target for therapy to reduce BTIC tumorigenecity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dzikowski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anita Bellail
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Luo X, Tu T, Zhong Y, Xu S, Chen X, Chen L, Yang F. ceRNA Network Analysis Shows That lncRNA CRNDE Promotes Progression of Glioblastoma Through Sponge mir-9-5p. Front Genet 2021; 12:617350. [PMID: 33767729 PMCID: PMC7985093 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.617350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma accounts for 45.2% of central nervous system tumors. Despite the availability of multiple treatments (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, immunotherapy, and electric field therapy), glioblastoma has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5%. The pathogenesis and prognostic markers of this cancer are currently unclear. To this end, this study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and identify potential prognostic markers. We used data from the GEO and TCGA databases and identified five genes (ITGA5, MMP9, PTPRN, PTX3, and STX1A) that could affect the survival rate of glioblastoma patients and that were differentially expressed between glioblastoma patients and non-tumors groups. Based on a variety of bioinformatics tools for reverse prediction of target genes associated with the prognosis of GBM, a ceRNA network of messenger RNA (STX1A, PTX3, MMP9)-microRNA (miR-9-5p)-long non-coding RNA (CRNDE) was constructed. Finally, we identified five potential therapeutic drugs (bacitracin, hecogenin, clemizole, chrysin, and gibberellic acid) that may be effective treatments for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhong
- Graduate School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shangyi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhou Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fubing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Armartmuntree N, Jusakul A, Sakonsinsiri C, Loilome W, Pinlaor S, Ungarreevittaya P, Yong CH, Techasen A, Imtawil K, Kraiklang R, Suwannakul N, Kaewlert W, Chaiprasert T, Thanan R, Murata M. Promoter hypermethylation of early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is associated with cholangiocarcinoma progression. J Cancer 2021; 12:2673-2686. [PMID: 33854627 PMCID: PMC8040704 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation in a promoter region causes gene silencing via epigenetic changes. We have previously reported that early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) was down-regulated in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissues and related to tumor progression. Thus, we hypothesized that the DNA hypermethylation of EBF1 promoter would suppress EBF1 expression in CCA and induce its progression. In this study, the DNA methylation status of EBF1 and mRNA expression levels were analyzed in CCA and normal bile duct (NBD) tissues using a publicly available database of genome-wide association data. The results showed that the DNA methylation of EBF1 promoter region was significantly increased in CCA tissues compared with those of NBD. The degree of methylation was negatively correlated with EBF1 mRNA expression levels. Using methylation-specific PCR technique, the DNA methylation rates of EBF1 promoter region were investigated in CCA tissues (n=72). CCA patients with high methylation rates of EBF1 promoter region in the tumor tissues (54/72) had a poor prognosis. Higher methylation rates of EBF1 promoter region have shown in all CCA cell lines than that of an immortal cholangiocyte cell line (MMNK1). Upon treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC, increased EBF1 expression levels and reduced DNA methylation rates were observed in CCA cells. Moreover, restoration of EBF1 expression in CCA cells led to inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis suggested that EBF1 is involved in suppression of numerous pathways in cancer. Taken together, DNA hypermethylation in the EBF1 promoter region suppresses EBF1 expression and induces CCA progression with aggressive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napat Armartmuntree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chern Han Yong
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Imtawil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Nattawan Suwannakul
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Waleeporn Kaewlert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Timpika Chaiprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Perifocal edema volume is not associated with immunohistochemical features reflecting proliferation potential, microvessel density, neoangiogenesis and invasiveness in brain metastasis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106537. [PMID: 33571782 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perifocal edema of brain tumors is associated with survival and neurological symptoms. Our aim was to analyze associations between perifocal edema and immunohistochemical features including proliferation potential, microvessel density, neoangiogenesis and invasiveness in brain metastasis (BM). METHODS 35 patients with BM were included into the retrospective study. The tumors were localized supratentorial in 25 lesions (71.4%) and infratentorial in 10 lesions (28.6%). The following immunohistochemical features were calculated on histopathological specimens: microvessel density, proliferation index Ki 67, matrix-metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Tumor and edema volumes were estimated semiautomatically on magnetic resonance images. RESULTS There were no correlations between tumor volume and edema volume. Moreover, no correlation was identified between the investigated immunohistochemical features and tumor/edema volume. In the non-small cell lung cancer subgroup, a positive correlation between tumor volume and VEGF expression was observed (r = 0.52, P = 0.02) and edema volume correlated inversely with MMP9 expression (r = -0.53, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION In BM, no linear associations exist between tumor volumes, edema volumes and immunohistochemical features reflecting proliferation potential, neoangiogenesis, microvessel density and MMP9 expression. However, in the subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer, there might be associations between MMP9 expression and edema volume as well as between tumor volume and angiogenesis.
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39
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Lee S, Latha K, Manyam G, Yang Y, Rao A, Rao G. Role of CX3CR1 signaling in malignant transformation of gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1463-1473. [PMID: 32236410 PMCID: PMC7566338 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine signaling may contribute to progression of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) by altering tumor behavior or impacting the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the role of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) signaling in malignant transformation of LGGs. METHODS Ninety patients with LGGs were genotyped for the presence of common CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism and examined for genotype-dependent alterations in survival, gene expression, and tumor microenvironment. A genetically engineered mouse model was leveraged to model endogenous intracranial gliomas with targeted expression of CX3C ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and CX3CR1, individually or in combination. RESULTS LGG patients who were heterozygous (V/I; n = 43) or homozygous (I/I; n = 2) for the CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism had significantly improved median overall (14.8 vs 9.8 y, P < 0.05) and progression-free survival (8.6 vs 6.5 y, P < 0.05) compared with those with the wild type genotype (V/V; n = 45). Tumors from the V/I + I/I group exhibited significantly decreased levels of CCL2 and MMP9 transcripts, correlating with reduced intratumoral M2 macrophage infiltration and microvessel density. In an immunocompetent mouse model of LGGs, coexpression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 promoted a more malignant tumor phenotype characterized by increased microglia/macrophage infiltration and microvessel density, resulting in shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism is associated with improved overall and progression-free survival in LGGs. CX3CR1 signaling enhances accumulation of tumor associated microglia/macrophages and angiogenesis during malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Departments of Neurosurgery
| | | | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.M.)
| | | | - Arvind Rao
- Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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40
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. The role of the prolactin receptor pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: what do we know so far? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 32896197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been associated with the development of hormone-dependent tumors and have been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and the prognosis for patients is dismal; hence researchers are exploring the PRLR pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. Areas covered: This paper explores the effects of PRLR activation on the biology of GBM, the correlation between PRL and PRLR expression and GBM progression and survival in male and female patients. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the PRLR pathway may allow the development of novel treatments for GBM. Expert opinion: We propose PRL and PRLR as potential prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Local administration of PRLR inhibitors using gene therapy may offer a beneficial strategy for targeting GBM cells disseminated in the non-neoplastic brain; however, efficacy and safety require careful and extensive evaluation. The data depicted herein underline the need to (i) improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in GBM, and (ii) develop accurate preclinical models that take into consideration different hormonal contexts, specific genetic alterations, and tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila F Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Non-coding RNAs in Brain Tumors, the Contribution of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs to Cancer Development-Their Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197001. [PMID: 32977537 PMCID: PMC7582339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most frightening ailments that afflict human beings worldwide. They are among the most lethal of all adult and pediatric solid tumors. The unique cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental properties of neural tissues are some of the most critical obstacles that researchers face in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. Intensifying the search for potential new molecular markers in order to develop new effective treatments for patients might resolve this issue. Recently, the world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has become a field of intensive research since the discovery of their essential impact on carcinogenesis. Some of the most promising diagnostic and therapeutic regulatory RNAs are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Many recent reports indicate the important role of these molecules in brain tumor development, as well as their implications in metastasis. In the following review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about regulatory RNAs, namely lncRNA, circRNAs, and snoRNAs, and their impact on the development of brain tumors in children and adults with particular emphasis on malignant primary brain tumors-gliomas and medulloblastomas (MB). We also provide an overview of how these different ncRNAs may act as biomarkers in these tumors and we present their potential clinical implications.
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Quesnel A, Karagiannis GS, Filippou PS. Extracellular proteolysis in glioblastoma progression and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188428. [PMID: 32956761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas encompass highly invasive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours of glial cell origin with an often-poor clinical prognosis. Of all gliomas, glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Current treatments in glioblastoma are insufficient due to the invasive nature of brain tumour cells, which typically results in local tumour recurrence following treatment. The latter represents the most important cause of mortality in glioblastoma and underscores the necessity for an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, increased synthesis and secretion of several proteolytic enzymes within the tumour microenvironment, such as matrix metalloproteinases, lysosomal proteases, cathepsins and kallikreins for extracellular-matrix component degradation may play a major role in the aforementioned glioblastoma invasion mechanisms. These proteolytic networks are key players in establishing and maintaining a tumour microenvironment that promotes tumour cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Indeed, the targeted inhibition of these proteolytic enzymes has been a promisingly useful therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma management in both preclinical and clinical development. We hereby summarize current advances on the biology of the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment, with a particular emphasis on the role of proteolytic enzyme families in glioblastoma invasion and progression, as well as on their subsequent prognostic value as biomarkers and their therapeutic targeting in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Quesnel
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom.
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43
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Luo Q, Zeng L, Tang C, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zeng C. TLR9 induces colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis by regulating NF-κB expression levels. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:110. [PMID: 32863923 PMCID: PMC7448563 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic colorectal inflammation has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) on the development of colitis-associated CRC (CAC) through its regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. By using a CAC mouse model and immunohistochemistry, the present study discovered that the protein expression levels of TLR9 were gradually upregulated during the development of CRC. In addition, the expression levels of TLR9 were revealed to be positively correlated with NF-κB and Ki67 expression levels. In vitro, inhibiting TLR9 expression levels using chloroquine decreased the cell viability, proliferation and migration of the CRC cell line HT29, and further experiments indicated that this may occur through downregulating the expression levels of NF-κB, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-xl. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that TLR9 may serve an important role in the development of CAC by regulating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chaotao Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Silva NJ, Nagashima M, Li J, Kakuk‐Atkins L, Ashrafzadeh M, Hyde DR, Hitchcock PF. Inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9) regulate photoreceptor regeneration in adult zebrafish. Glia 2020; 68:1445-1465. [PMID: 32034934 PMCID: PMC7317489 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury activates complex inflammatory signals in dying neurons, surviving neurons, and glia. Here, we establish that inflammation regulates the regeneration of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina and determine the cellular expression and function of the inflammatory protease, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9), during this regenerative neurogenesis. Following photoreceptor ablation, anti-inflammatory treatment suppresses the number of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors. Upon photoreceptor injury, mmp-9 is induced in Müller glia and Müller glia-derived photoreceptor progenitors. Deleting mmp-9 results in over production of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors, but over time the absence of Mmp-9 compromises the survival of the regenerated cones. At all time-points studied, the levels of tnf-α are significantly elevated in mutant retinas. Anti-inflammatory treatment in mutants rescues the defects in cone survival. These data provide a link between injury-induced inflammation in the vertebrate CNS, Mmp-9 function during neuronal regeneration and the requirement of Mmp-9 for the survival of regenerated cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Silva
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Mikiko Nagashima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Jingling Li
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
| | - Laura Kakuk‐Atkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Milad Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - David R. Hyde
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
| | - Peter F. Hitchcock
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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Simon T, Jackson E, Giamas G. Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles. Oncogene 2020; 39:4477-4490. [PMID: 32366909 PMCID: PMC7269906 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive brain tumour. Prognosis remains poor, despite the combined treatment of radio- and chemotherapy following surgical removal. GBM cells coexist with normal non-neoplastic cells, including endothelial cells, astrocytes and immune cells, constituting a complex and dynamic tumour micro-environment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a critical means of bidirectional inter-cellular communication in the TME. Through delivery of a diverse range of genomic, lipidomic and proteomic cargo to neighbouring and distant cells, EVs can alter the phenotype and function of the recipient cell. As such, EVs have demonstrated their role in promoting angiogenesis, immune suppression, invasion, migration, drug resistance and GBM recurrence. Moreover, EVs can reflect the phenotype of the cells within the TME. Thus, in conjunction with their accessibility in biofluids, they can potentially serve as a biomarker reservoir for patient prognosis, diagnosis and predictive therapeutic response as well as treatment follow-up. Furthermore, together with the ability of EVs to cross the blood-brain barrier undeterred and through the exploitation of their cargo, EVs may provide an effective mean of drug delivery to the target site. Unveiling the mechanisms by which EVs within the GBM TME are secreted and target recipient cells may offer an indispensable understanding of GBM that holds the potential to provide a better prognosis and overall quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Ellen Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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46
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Ahir BK, Engelhard HH, Lakka SS. Tumor Development and Angiogenesis in Adult Brain Tumor: Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2461-2478. [PMID: 32152825 PMCID: PMC7170819 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under the stimulation of specific signals. It is controlled by the balance between its promoting and inhibiting factors. Various angiogenic factors and genes have been identified that stimulate glioma angiogenesis. Therefore, attention has been directed to anti-angiogenesis therapy in which glioma proliferation is inhibited by inhibiting the formation of new tumor vessels using angiogenesis inhibitory factors and drugs. Here, in this review, we highlight and summarize the various molecular mediators that regulate GBM angiogenesis with focus on recent clinical research on the potential of exploiting angiogenic pathways as a strategy in the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sajani S Lakka
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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47
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Abt A, Orrillo SJ, Lastra Y, De Simone E, Boutillon F, Goffin V, Seilicovich A, Pisera DA, Ferraris MJ, Candolfi M. Prolactin and its receptor as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19578. [PMID: 31862900 PMCID: PMC6925187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), their role in its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to explore their contribution in GBM pathogenesis. We detected PRL and PRLR in all GBM cell lines tested. PRLR activation or overexpression using plasmid transfection increased proliferation, viability, clonogenicity, chemoresistance and matrix metalloproteinase activity in GBM cells, while PRLR antagonist ∆1–9-G129R-hPRL reduced their proliferation, viability, chemoresistance and migration. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that PRLR was expressed in all grade II-III glioma (GII-III) and GBM samples. PRL was upregulated in GBM biopsies when compared to GII-III. While in the general population tumour PRL/PRLR expression did not correlate with patient survival, biological sex-stratified analyses revealed that male patients with PRL+/PRLRHIGH GBM performed worse than PRL+/PRLRLOW GBM. In contrast, all male PRL+/PRLRHIGH GII-III patients were alive whereas only 30% of PRL+/PRLRLOW GII-III patients survived after 100 months. Our study suggests that PRLR may be involved in GBM pathogenesis and could constitute a therapeutic target for its treatment. Our findings also support the notion that sexual dimorphism should be taken into account to improve the care of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Sofía Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Florencia Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Abt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Jordi Orrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yael Lastra
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio De Simone
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Xue J, Gao HX, Sang W, Cui WL, Liu M, Zhao Y, Wang MB, Wang Q, Zhang W. Identification of core differentially methylated genes in glioma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6033-6045. [PMID: 31788078 PMCID: PMC6864971 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) serve a crucial role in the pathogenesis of glioma via the regulation of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, infiltration, DNA repair and signaling pathways. This study aimed to identify aberrant DMGs and pathways by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The gene expression profile of GSE28094 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the GEO2R online tool was used to find DMGs. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of the DMGs were performed by using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Analysis of modules in the PPI networks was performed by Molecular Complex Detection in Cytoscape software, and four modules were performed. The hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were verified by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 349 DMGs, including 167 hypermethylation genes, were enriched in biological processes of negative and positive regulation of cell proliferation and positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. Pathway analysis enrichment revealed that cancer regulated the pluripotency of stem cells and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, whereas 182 hypomethylated genes were enriched in biological processes of immune response, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide and peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, type I diabetes mellitus and TNF signaling pathway. A total of 20 hub genes were identified, of which eight genes were associated with survival, including notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1), SRC proto-oncogene (also known as non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SRC), interleukin 6 (IL6), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), interleukin 10 (IL10), caspase 3 (CASP3), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Therefore, bioinformatics analysis identified a series of core DMGs and pathways in glioma. The results of the present study may facilitate the assessment of the tumorigenicity and progression of glioma. Furthermore, the significant DMGs may provide potential methylation-based biomarkers for the precise diagnosis and targeted treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Li Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Thompson EG, Sontheimer H. Acetylcholine Receptor Activation as a Modulator of Glioblastoma Invasion. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101203. [PMID: 31590360 PMCID: PMC6829263 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grade IV astrocytomas, or glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The median GBM patient survival of 12–15 months has remained stagnant, in spite of treatment strategies, making GBMs a tremendous challenge clinically. This is at least in part due to the complex interaction of GBM cells with the brain microenvironment and their tendency to aggressively infiltrate normal brain tissue. GBMs frequently invade supratentorial brain regions that are richly innervated by neurotransmitter projections, most notably acetylcholine (ACh). Here, we asked whether ACh signaling influences the biology of GBMs. We examined the expression and function of known ACh receptors (AChRs) in large GBM datasets, as well as, human GBM cell lines and patient-derived xenograft lines. Using RNA-Seq data from the “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA), we confirmed the expression of AChRs and demonstrated the functionality of these receptors in GBM cells with time-lapse calcium imaging. AChR activation did not alter cell proliferation or migration, however, it significantly increased cell invasion through complex extracellular matrices. This was due to the enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from GBM cells, which we found to be dependent on an intracellular calcium-dependent mechanism. Consistent with these findings, AChRs were significantly upregulated in regions of GBM infiltration in situ (Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project) and elevated expression of muscarinic AChR M3 correlated with reduced patient survival (TCGA). Data from the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) dataset also showed the co-expression of choline transporters, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporters, suggesting that GBMs express all the proteins required for ACh synthesis and release. These findings identify ACh as a modulator of GBM behavior and posit that GBMs may utilize ACh as an autocrine signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Thompson
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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50
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Ngadiono E, Hardiany NS. Advancing towards Effective Glioma Therapy: MicroRNA Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:5-16. [PMID: 31496889 PMCID: PMC6719885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioma, especially a grade IV glioblastoma, is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis despite growing medical advancements. Researchers have been looking for better and more effective treatments targeting the molecular pathways of gliomas due to glioblastomas’ ability to develop resistance to chemotherapies. Moreover, glioma stem cells (GSC) contribute to maintaining the glioma population, which benefits from its ability to self-renew and differentiate. Recent research has reported that through the introduction of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) into glioma cells, the growth and development of the glioma cells can be downregulated. It has more currently been found out that UCMSC release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNA that are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, this review analyses literature to discuss all possible miRNAs contained within the UCMSC’s EVs and to elaborate on their molecular mechanisms in halting gliomas and GSC growth. This review will also include the challenges and limitations, to account for which more in vivo research is suggested. In conclusion, this review highlights how miRNAs contained within UCMSC’s EVs are able to downregulate multiple prominent pathways in the survival of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Ngadiono
- International Class Program, Faculty of Medicines Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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