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Huang Y, Wang W, Jin J. Association between polyphenol subclasses and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1428911. [PMID: 39144286 PMCID: PMC11322767 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of polyphenol subclasses on prostate cancer (PCA) is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between polyphenol subclasses and PCA incidence. Methods From the establishment of the database to December 2023, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant observational studies. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the association. Results A total of 38 studies (11 were cohort studies and 27 were case-control studies), composing 824,933 participants, were included in this meta-analysis after excluding irrelevant records. The findings of the study revealed that men who consumed dietary polyphenols had a significantly higher risk of PCA compared to those who never or rarely consumed dietary polyphenols (OR = 1.01, p = 0.023), especially dietary flavonol (OR = 1.05, p = 0.042), flavanol (OR = 1.03, p = 0.026) and anthocyanin (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001). Neither total nor subclasses of dietary polyphenols have an effect on non-localized or high-grade PCA (OR = 1.01, p = 0.518). Dietary isoflavones tended to reduce the incidence of local or low-grade PCA, although there was no statistically significant difference (OR = 1.00, p = 0.081). Regarding serum/plasma polyphenol, total polyphenol (OR = 0.95, p = 0.002), genistein (OR = 0.92, p = 0.029) and enterolactone (OR = 0.92, p = 0.022) can reduce the incidence of PCA. No association was observed between total/subclasses of urinary polyphenols and PCA risk. Conclusion Polyphenols seem to generally increase the risk of PCA in the male population. The effect of polyphenols on PCA is affected by factors such as polyphenol subclasses, their forms (serum/plasma, urinary, dietary), and PCA-related factors (like PCA stage). Systematic review registration identifier: CRD42022322699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxiang Jin
- Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Vingrys K, Mathai ML, Apostolopoulos V, Bassett JK, de Courten M, Stojanovska L, Millar L, Giles GG, Milne RL, Hodge AM, McAinch AJ. Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and associated lifestyle and demographic factors in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8556. [PMID: 37237174 PMCID: PMC10220042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal foods are consumed globally and are important sources of polyphenols with potential health benefits, yet dietary intakes are unclear. We aimed to calculate the dietary intakes of polyphenols from cereal foods in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and describe intakes by demographic and lifestyle factors. We estimated intakes of alkylresorcinols, lignans and phenolic acids in n = 39,892 eligible MCCS participants, using baseline dietary data (1990-1994) from a 121-item FFQ containing 17 cereal foods, matched to a polyphenol database developed from published literature and Phenol-Explorer Database. Intakes were estimated within groups according to lifestyle and demographic factors. The median (25th-75th percentile) intake of total polyphenols from cereal foods was 86.9 mg/day (51.4-155.8). The most consumed compounds were phenolic acids, with a median intake of 67.1 mg (39.5-118.8), followed by alkylresorcinols of 19.7 mg (10.8-34.6). Lignans made the smallest contribution of 0.50 mg (0.13-0.87). Higher polyphenol intakes were associated with higher relative socio-economic advantage and prudent lifestyles, including lower body mass index (BMI), non-smoking and higher physical activity scores. The findings based on polyphenol data specifically matched to the FFQ provide new information on intakes of cereal polyphenols, and how they might vary according to lifestyle and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vingrys
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- VU First Year College ®, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - Michael L Mathai
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, 300 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Lynne Millar
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
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3
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Baldi S, Tristán Asensi M, Pallecchi M, Sofi F, Bartolucci G, Amedei A. Interplay between Lignans and Gut Microbiota: Nutritional, Functional and Methodological Aspects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010343. [PMID: 36615537 PMCID: PMC9822457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are non-flavonoid polyphenols present in a wide range of foods frequently consumed in the Western world, such as seeds, vegetables and fruits, and beverages such as coffee, tea and wine. In particular, the human gut microbiota (GM) can convert dietary lignans into biologically active compounds, especially enterolignans (i.e., enterolactone and enterodiol), which play anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant roles, act as estrogen receptor activators and modulate gene expression and/or enzyme activity. Interestingly, recent evidence documenting those dietary interventions involving foods enriched in lignans have shown beneficial and protective effects on various human pathologies, including colorectal and breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, considering that more factors (e.g., diet, food transit time and intestinal redox state) can modulate the lignans bioactivation by GM, there are usually remarkable inter-individual differences in urine, fecal and blood concentrations of enterolignans; hence, precise and validated analytical methods, especially gas/liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, are needed for their accurate quantification. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the beneficial roles of enterolignans, their interaction with GM and the new methodological approaches developed for their evaluation in different biological samples, since they could be considered future promising nutraceuticals for the prevention of human chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Tristán Asensi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758330
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4
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Sohel M, Sultana H, Sultana T, Mamun AA, Amin MN, Hossain MA, Ali MC, Aktar S, Sultana A, Rahim ZB, Mitra S, Dash R. Chemotherapeutics activities of dietary phytoestrogens against prostate cancer: From observational to clinical studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1561-1580. [PMID: 35652403 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601153426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the most frequent and deadliest malignancies in males, where the rate of disease progression is closely associated with the type of dietary intake, specifically Western-style diet. Indeed intake of the Asian diet, which contains abundant phytoestrogens, is inversely correlated with a higher risk of prostate cancer, suggesting a chemoprotective effect of phytoestrogen against cancer progression. Although the role of phytoestrogens in cancer treatment was well documented, their impact on prostate cancer is not well understood. Therefore, the present review discusses the possible chemopreventive effect of phytoestrogens, emphasizing their efficacy at the different stages of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, phytoestrogens provide a cytoprotective effect in conventional chemotherapy and enhance chemosensitivity to tumor cells, which have also been discussed. This compilation provides a solid basis for future research on phytoestrogens as a promising avenue for anticancer drug development and also recommends these beneficiary compounds in the daily diet to manage and prevent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh.,Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka-1230. Bangladesh
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of life science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tayeba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of life science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka-1230. Bangladesh.,Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka-1230. Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of life science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Armin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Zahed Bin Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
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5
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Chen P, Sun J, Liang Z, Xu H, Du P, Li A, Meng Y, Reshetnik E, Liu L, Li C. The bioavailability of soy isoflavones in vitro and their effects on gut microbiota in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Ubago-Guisado E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ching-López A, Petrova D, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Barricarte-Gurrea A, Chirlaque MD, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ. Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103582. [PMID: 34684583 PMCID: PMC8540388 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a multicentre prospective study conducted in 23 centres in 10 European countries. Here we review the findings from EPIC on the relationship between diet-related exposures and incidence or mortality from the four most frequent cancers in the European population: colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and identified 110 high-quality studies based on the EPIC cohort. Fruit and vegetable consumption had a protective effect against colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, whereas only fruit had a protective effect against prostate cancer. A higher consumption of fish and lower consumption of red and processed meat were related with a lower risk of colorectal cancer; and higher consumption of fatty fish with lower risk of breast cancer. Calcium and yogurt intake were found to protect against colorectal and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption increased the risk for colorectal and breast cancer. Finally, adherence to the Mediterranean diet emerged as a protective factor for colorectal and breast cancer. The EPIC study results are in agreement with the latest evidence from leading authorities on cancer prevention and help to inform public prevention policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Ching-López
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte-Gurrea
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Piwowarski JP, Stanisławska I, Granica S. Dietary polyphenol and microbiota interactions in the context of prostate health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:54-77. [PMID: 34636052 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data strongly indicate a relationship between prostate health and gut microbiota, in which composition and physiological function strictly depend on dietary patterns. The bidirectional interplay of foods containing polyphenols, such as ellagitannins, condensed tannins, lignans, isoflavones, and prenylated flavonoids with human gut microbiota, has been proven to contribute to their impact on prostate health. Considering the attributed role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of prostate diseases, this paper aims to critically review the studies concerning the influence of polyphenols' postbiotic metabolites on processes associated with the pathophysiology of prostate diseases. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on polyphenols have been juxtaposed with the current knowledge regarding their pharmacokinetics, microbial metabolism, and potential interactions with microbiota harboring different niches of the human organism. Directions of future research on dietary polyphenols regarding their interaction with microbiota and prostate health have been indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stanisławska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Ghoreishy SM, Aminianfar A, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Association between dietary phytochemical index and breast cancer: a case-control study. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1283-1291. [PMID: 34120329 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of isoflavones has been positively associated with risk of breast cancer (BC) in some earlier studies. In addition, most studies on diet-disease associations came from western countries and limited data are available in the Middle-East. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 350 women with BC aged over 30 years who were recruited from hospitals or private clinics in Isfahan, Iran. All patients were diagnosed with BC during the maximum of the last 6 months using physical examination and mammography findings. Using cluster method sampling, 700 apparently healthy age- and socioeconomic status-matched controls were randomly selected from healthy women who had no relationship with BC patients and had no familial history of BC. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The DPI was calculated based on dietary energy derived from foods rich in phytochemicals (kcal) divided by total daily energy intake (kcal) of each participant. RESULTS Mean ± SD age and BMI in the study participants were 62.4 ± 10.8 years and 24.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2, respectively. In the crude model, participants in the highest quartile of DPI had 63% lower odds of breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% CI 0.26, 0.54; P-trend < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, this inverse association became strengthened (95% CI 0.22, 0.49; P-trend < 0.001). Further adjustment for BMI did not change the association (OR for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile = 0.40, 95% CI 0.26, 0.60; P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a protective association was observed between DPI and BC in this case-control study. Therefore, high consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains might help reducing the odds of BC among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Serum isoflavones and lignans and odds of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:413-422. [PMID: 33399319 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isoflavones and lignans are phytoestrogens present in plant-based foods, which have a potential preventive effect on breast carcinogenesis. The effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer may differ according to the hormonal environment. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between serum phytoestrogens and odds of breast cancer among Chinese pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 792 cases and 813 age-matched controls were included. Serum isoflavone (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and formononetin) and lignan (enterodiol and enterolactone) concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS Significant inverse associations were found between serum total soy isoflavone precursors, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, total lignans, enterodiol, enterolactone, and the odds of breast cancer in premenopausal but not postmenopausal women. For premenopausal women, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus the lowest serum concentration groups were 0.60 (0.41-0.87) for total soy isoflavones precursors, 0.64 (0.44-0.93) for daidzein, 0.62 (0.43-0.90) for genistein, 0.49 (0.35-0.68) for formononetin, 0.38 (0.25-0.57) for total lignans, 0.49 (0.33-0.73) for enterodiol, and 0.49 (0.33-0.74) for enterolactone. However, the interaction between serum phytoestrogens and menopausal status on odds of breast cancer was statistically significant only for daidzein. No significant association was found between serum equol or gycitein and the odds of breast cancer among either pre- or postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of certain serum isoflavones and lignans were associated with reduced odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women, but the interaction was statistically significant only for daidzein.
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10
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Yuan G, Zhang J, Ren Y, Ding W, Du Y, Zhang L, Shao J. Dietary effects on breast cancer molecular subtypes, a 1:2 paired case-control study. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5545-5549. [PMID: 33133556 PMCID: PMC7590303 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the associations between dietary factors and breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes. The retrospective cases were confirmed by pathological diagnosis with breast cancer were gathered in two major hospitals in Xuzhou city, China, from 2015 to 2016. These cases were classified by the meeting standard of 13th St Gallen: luminal A, luminal B, Her-2 overexpression, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. A 1:2 paired retrospective case-control study with 210 cases and 420 controls was conducted to evaluate individual dietary intake, by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimate odds ratios (ORs), by the Cox regression model. For overall breast cancer patients, the more frequency of red meat (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001-1.004) and salted food (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001-1.005) were statistically significantly associated with a greater risk of breast cancer. Beans (OR = 0.997, 95% CI = 0.995-0.999), white meat (OR = 0.993, 95% CI = 0.989-0.997), aquatic products (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.984-0.996), vegetables (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.999-0.999), fruit (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.997-0.999), and green tea (OR = 0.997, 95% CI = 0.994-0.999) were significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. For luminal breast cancer patients, beans (OR = 0.997, 95% CI = 0.994-0.999), white meat (OR = 0.992, 95% CI = 0.987-0.997), green tea (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.991-0.999), and milk (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.996-0.999) were protective factors. While for nonluminal breast cancer, red meat was not included in the equation, and beans (OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.981-0.997), white meat (OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.981-0.998), vegetables (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.997-0.999), and milk (OR = 0.994, 95% CI = 0.989-0.999) still showed a significantly reduced risk of nonluminal breast cancer. Different dietary factors revealed different effects on the etiology of breast cancer. Red meat may be a specific risk factor for luminal-type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Yuan
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yi Ren
- Breast SurgeryXuzhou Cancer HospitalXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Ding
- Thyroid Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yan Du
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jihong Shao
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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11
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Wei Y, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Gao M, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Wang T, Chen J, Chen Z, Yu C, Huo D, Li L. Soy intake and breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 300,000 Chinese women and a dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:567-578. [PMID: 31754945 PMCID: PMC7320952 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence on the association of soy intake with breast cancer risk is still inconsistent due to different soy intake levels across previous studies and small number of breast cancer cases. We aimed to investigate this issue by analyzing data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study and conducting a dose-response meta-analysis to integrate existing evidence. The CKB study included over 300,000 women aged 30-79 from 10 regions across China enrolled between 2004 and 2008, and followed-up for breast cancer events until 31 December 2016. Information on soy intake was collected from baseline, two resurveys and twelve 24-h dietary recalls. We also searched for relevant prospective cohort studies to do a dose-response meta-analysis. The mean (SD) soy intake was 9.4 (5.4) mg/day soy isoflavones among CKB women. During 10 years of follow-up, 2289 women developed breast cancers. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-1.22) for the fourth (19.1 mg/day) versus the first (4.5 mg/day) soy isoflavone intake quartile. Meta-analysis of prospective studies found that each 10 mg/day increment in soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 3% (95% CI 1-5%) reduced risk of breast cancer. The CKB study demonstrated that moderate soy intake was not associated with breast cancer risk among Chinese women. Higher amount of soy intake might provide reasonable benefits for the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xi Zhang
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Maiji CDC, Tianshui, Gansu China
| | - Tao Wang
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Maiji CDC, Tianshui, Gansu China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191 China
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12
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Min J, Wang Z, Liang C, Li W, Shao J, Zhu K, Zhou L, Cheng J, Luo S, Yu L, Wu Y, Xie M, Hu X. Detection of Phytoestrogen Metabolites in Breastfed Infants' Urine and the Corresponding Breast Milk by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3485-3494. [PMID: 32093471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has been limited information on phytoestrogen (PE) exposure and metabolism in breastfed infants. In the present work, 50 sample pairs of Chinese breastfed infants' urine and the corresponding breast milk were collected. The contents of the relevant PE metabolites in the biosamples were detected via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The correlations between the PE metabolite contents in breastfed infants' urine and those in the corresponding breast milk were analyzed. The average concentrations of total PE metabolites in breast milk and urine were 0.27 and 0.23 nmol/mL, respectively. Genistein and enterolactone levels in the infant urine were positively correlated with their concentrations in the corresponding breast milk samples, which implies that urine excretion can be utilized as a noninvasive parameter for precise genistein and enterolactone intake assessment. Additionally, the efficiency of PE urine excretion showed significant differences across infants with different ages, genders, and durations of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kunrui Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lehan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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13
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Yeung AWK, Tzvetkov NT, Balacheva AA, Georgieva MG, Gan RY, Jozwik A, Pyzel B, Horbańczuk JO, Novellino E, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Camilli E, Souto EB, Atanasov AG, Santini A. Lignans: Quantitative Analysis of the Research Literature. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 32116713 PMCID: PMC7020883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the lignan literature. Data for the current study were extracted from the electronic Web of Science Core Collection database via the search string TOPIC = ("lignan*") and processed by the VOSviewer software. The search yielded 10,742 publications. The ratio of original articles to reviews was 14.6:1. Over 80% of the analyzed papers have been published since the year 2000 and nearly 50% since the year 2010. Many of the publications were focused on pharmacology, chemistry, and plant sciences. The United States and Asian countries, such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India, were the most productive producers of lignan publications. Among the 5 most productive institutions was the University of Helsinki in Finland, the country that ranked 9th. Nineteen journals collectively published 3,607 lignan publications and were considered as core journals. Their impact factor did not correlate with the proportion of uncited papers. Highly cited publications usually mentioned phytoestrogen, isoflavone, daidzein, enterodiol, enterolactone, equol, genistein, and isoflavonoid. Cancer (e.g., breast cancer), cardiovascular disease, and antioxidation were the major themes. Clinical trials were estimated to contribute to 0.2-1.1% of the analyzed body of literature, so more of them should be conducted in the future to substantiate the beneficial effects and optimal dose of lignan intake in humans. Moreover, researchers can refer to these findings for future research directions and collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aneliya A Balacheva
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya G Georgieva
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Artur Jozwik
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Bożena Pyzel
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.,Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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14
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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15
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Lee A, Beaubernard L, Lamothe V, Bennetau-Pelissero C. New Evaluation of Isoflavone Exposure in the French Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102308. [PMID: 31569435 PMCID: PMC6835759 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study relates the present evaluation of exposure to estrogenic isoflavones of French consumers through two approaches: (1) identification of the isoflavone sources in the French food offering, (2) a consumption-survey on premenopausal women. For the foodstuff approach 150 food-items were analysed for genistein and daidzein. Additionally, 12,707 labels of processed-foods from French supermarket websites and a restaurant-supplier website were screened, and 1616 foodstuffs of interest were retained. The sources of phytoestrogens considered were soy, pea, broad bean and lupine. A price analysis was performed. A total of 270 premenopausal women from the French metropolitan territory were interviewed for their global diet habits and soy consumption and perception. In supermarkets, there were significantly less selected foodstuffs containing soy than in restaurant (11.76% vs. 25.71%, p < 0.01). There was significantly more soy in low price-foodstuff in supermarket (p < 0.01). Isoflavone levels ranged from 81 to 123,871 µg per portion of the analyzed soy containing foodstuff. Among the women inquired 46.3% claimed to have soy regularly. Isoflavone intake >45 mg/day is associated to vegan-diet (p < 0.01). In total, 11.9% of soy-consumers had a calculated isoflavone intake >50 mg/day. This dose can lengthen the menstrual cycles. The actual exposure to phytoestrogen is likely to have an effect in a part of the French population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Bordeaux, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.
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16
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Serum enterolactone concentrations are low in colon but not in rectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11209. [PMID: 31371751 PMCID: PMC6671944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary lignan metabolite, enterolactone, has been suggested to have anti-cancer functions, and high serum enterolactone concentrations have been associated with decreased risk of breast and prostate cancers. We hypothesized that serum enterolactone concentrations as a marker of plant-based foods are associated with decreased risk in colorectal cancer (CRC). We measured serum enterolactone glucuronide and sulfate concentrations by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 115 CRC patients and 76 sex- and age-matched controls and analyzed the results with respect to tumor parameters, clinical parameters, and systemic inflammatory markers. Patients with colon cancer had significant lower serum enterolactone glucuronide and sulfate concentrations than controls (glucuronide: median 3.14 nM vs. 6.32 nM, P < 0.001; sulfate: median 0.13 nM vs. 0.17 nM, P = 0.002), whereas rectal cancer patients had similar enterolactone levels as controls (glucuronide: median 5.39 nM vs. 6.32 nM, P = 0.357; sulfate: median 0.19 nM vs. 0.17 nM, P = 0.452). High serum enterolactone concentrations were associated with low tumor grade, high serum creatinine levels, and concomitant diabetes. In summary, our results suggest that serum enterolactone concentrations are decreased in colon but not in rectal cancer. Further investigations are required to assess whether this reflects an altered lignan metabolism by the colon microbiome.
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17
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Mali AV, Padhye SB, Anant S, Hegde MV, Kadam SS. Anticancer and antimetastatic potential of enterolactone: Clinical, preclinical and mechanistic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:107-124. [PMID: 30771348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and worldwide incidence and mortality rates of all cancers of males and females are rising tremendously. In spite of advances in chemotherapy and radiation, metastasis and recurrence are considered as the major causes of cancer related deaths. Hence there is a mounting need to develop new therapeutic modalities to treat metastasis and recurrence in cancers. A significant amount of substantiation from epidemiological, clinical and laboratory research highlights the importance of diet and nutrition in cancer chemoprevention. Enterolactone (EL) is a bioactive phenolic metabolite known as a mammalian lignan derived from dietary lignans. Here in we review the reported anti-cancer properties of EL at preclinical as well as clinical level. Several in-vivo and in-vitro studies have provided strong evidence that EL exhibits potent anti-cancer and/or protective properties against different cancers including breast, prostate, colo-rectal, lung, ovarian, endometrial, cervical cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma. Reported laboratory studies indicate a clear role for EL in preventing cancer progression at various stages including cancer cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis. In clinical settings, EL has been reported to reduce risk, decrease mortality rate and improve overall survival particularly in breast, prostate, colon, gastric and lung cancer. Further, the in-vitro human cell culture studies provide strong evidence of the anticancer and antimetastatic mechanisms of EL in several cancers. This comprehensive review supports an idea of projecting EL as a promising candidate for developing anticancer drug or adjunct dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Mali
- Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health and Disease (CINHD), Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India; Cancer Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Cancer Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mahabaleshwar V Hegde
- Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health and Disease (CINHD), Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Shivajirao S Kadam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
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18
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Zhao TT, Jin F, Li JG, Xu YY, Dong HT, Liu Q, Xing P, Zhu GL, Xu H, Miao ZF. Dietary isoflavones or isoflavone-rich food intake and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:136-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Zamora-Ros R, Cayssials V, Jenab M, Rothwell JA, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Valanou E, Vasilopoulou E, Masala G, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Weiderpass E, Lukic M, Sandanger TM, Lasheras C, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Sonestedt E, Ohlsson B, Nilsson LM, Rutegård M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Peeters PH, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Bradbury K, Freisling H, Romieu I, Cross AJ, Vineis P, Scalbert A. Dietary intake of total polyphenol and polyphenol classes and the risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1063-1075. [PMID: 29761424 PMCID: PMC6760973 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols may play a chemopreventive role in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, epidemiological evidence supporting a role for intake of individual polyphenol classes, other than flavonoids is insufficient. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total and individual classes and subclasses of polyphenols and CRC risk and its main subsites, colon and rectum, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The cohort included 476,160 men and women from 10 European countries. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, there were 5991 incident CRC cases, of which 3897 were in the colon and 2094 were in the rectum. Polyphenol intake was estimated using validated centre/country specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, a doubling in total dietary polyphenol intake was not associated with CRC risk in women (HRlog2 = 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.14) or in men (HRlog2 = 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.05), respectively. Phenolic acid intake, highly correlated with coffee consumption, was inversely associated with colon cancer in men (HRlog2 = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97) and positively associated with rectal cancer in women (HRlog2 = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19); although associations did not exceed the Bonferroni threshold for significance. Intake of other polyphenol classes was not related to colorectal, colon or rectal cancer risks. Our study suggests a possible inverse association between phenolic acid intake and colon cancer risk in men and positive with rectal cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valerie Cayssials
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Effie Vasilopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kay-Thee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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20
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Murphy N, Achaintre D, Zamora‐Ros R, Jenab M, Boutron‐Ruault M, Carbonnel F, Savoye I, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Overvad K, Quirós JR, Sánchez M, Altzibar JM, María Huerta J, Barricarte A, Khaw K, Bradbury KE, Perez‐Cornago A, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Peppa E, Palli D, Grioni S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Rutegård M, Johansson I, Freisling H, Noh H, Cross AJ, Vineis P, Tsilidis K, Gunter MJ, Scalbert A. A prospective evaluation of plasma polyphenol levels and colon cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1620-1631. [PMID: 29696648 PMCID: PMC6175205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been shown to exert biological activity in experimental models of colon cancer; however, human data linking specific polyphenols to colon cancer is limited. We assessed the relationship between pre-diagnostic plasma polyphenols and colon cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, we measured concentrations of 35 polyphenols in plasma from 809 incident colon cancer cases and 809 matched controls. We used multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression models that included established colon cancer risk factors. The false discovery rate (qvalues ) was computed to control for multiple comparisons. All statistical tests were two-sided. After false discovery rate correction and in continuous log2 -transformed multivariable models, equol (odds ratio [OR] per log2 -value, 0.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.79-0.93; qvalue = 0.01) and homovanillic acid (OR per log2 -value, 1.46, 95% CI = 1.16-1.84; qvalue = 0.02) were associated with colon cancer risk. Comparing extreme fifths, equol concentrations were inversely associated with colon cancer risk (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.91, ptrend = 0.003), while homovanillic acid concentrations were positively associated with colon cancer development (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.17-2.53, ptrend < 0.0001). No heterogeneity for these associations was observed by sex and across other colon cancer risk factors. The remaining polyphenols were not associated with colon cancer risk. Higher equol concentrations were associated with lower risk, and higher homovanillic acid concentrations were associated with greater risk of colon cancer. These findings support a potential role for specific polyphenols in colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - David Achaintre
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Raul Zamora‐Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuif CedexFrance
- Université Paris Sud and Gastroenterology Unit, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, CHU de Bicêtre, AP‐HPLe Kremlin BicêtreFrance
| | - Isabelle Savoye
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuif CedexFrance
- Gustave Roussy, Espace Maurice TubianaVillejuif CedexFrance
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam‐RehbrückeGermany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of EpidemiologyNutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start‐up LabPotsdam‐RehbrückeGermany
| | | | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Maria‐Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Jone M. Altzibar
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Osakidetza/Basque Health ServiceBreast Cancer Screening ProgramBilbaoSpain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Kay‐Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “ATTIKON” University HospitalHaidariGreece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitCancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPOFlorenceItaly
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology DepartmentCivic ‐ M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, ASP RagusaRagusaItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University‐Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)TurinItaly
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e SperimentaleFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - H. B(as) Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1BilthovenBA3720The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of EpidemiologyJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | | | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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21
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Wang Z, Zhao Y. Gut microbiota derived metabolites in cardiovascular health and disease. Protein Cell 2018; 9:416-431. [PMID: 29725935 PMCID: PMC5960473 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes inhabit the human gut, not only providing nutrients and energy to the host from the ingested food, but also producing metabolic bioactive signaling molecules to maintain health and elicit disease, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In this review, we presented gut microbiota derived metabolites involved in cardiovascular health and disease, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), uremic toxins, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, bile acids and lipopolysaccharide. These gut microbiota derived metabolites play critical roles in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular function, and if dysregulated, potentially causally linked to CVD. A better understanding of the function and dynamics of gut microbiota derived metabolites holds great promise toward mechanistic predicative CVD biomarker discoveries and precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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22
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The Complex Interplay between Chronic Inflammation, the Microbiome, and Cancer: Understanding Disease Progression and What We Can Do to Prevent It. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030083. [PMID: 29558443 PMCID: PMC5876658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted condition, in which a senescent cell begins dividing in an irregular manner due to various factors such as DNA damage, growth factors and inflammation. Inflammation is not typically discussed as carcinogenic; however, a significant percentage of cancers arise from chronic microbial infections and damage brought on by chronic inflammation. A hallmark cancer-inducing microbe is Helicobacter pylori and its causation of peptic ulcers and potentially gastric cancer. This review discusses the recent developments in understanding microbes in health and disease and their potential role in the progression of cancer. To date, microbes can be linked to almost every cancer, including colon, pancreatic, gastric, and even prostate. We discuss the known mechanisms by which these microbes can induce cancer growth and development and how inflammatory cells may contribute to cancer progression. We also discuss new treatments that target the chronic inflammatory conditions and their associated cancers, and the impact microbes have on treatment success. Finally, we examine common dietary misconceptions in relation to microbes and cancer and how to avoid getting caught up in the misinterpretation and over inflation of the results.
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23
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Russo GI, Di Mauro M, Regis F, Reale G, Campisi D, Marranzano M, Lo Giudice A, Solinas T, Madonia M, Cimino S, Morgia G. Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily. Aging Male 2018; 21:48-54. [PMID: 28817364 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1365834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to investigate the association between dietary phytoestrogen consumption and prostate cancer in a sample of southern Italian individuals. METHODS A population-based case-control study on the association between prostate cancer and dietary factors was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single institution of the municipality of Catania, southern Italy (Registration number: 41/2015). A total of 118 histopathological-verified prostate cancer (PCa) cases and a total of 222 controls were collected. Dietary data was collected by using two food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS Patients with PCa consumed significantly higher levels of phytoestrogens. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lignans (Q[quartile]4 vs. Q1, OR [odds ratio] = 4.72; p < .05) and specifically, lariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.60; p < .05), pinoresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 5.62; p < .05), matairesinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 3.63; p < .05), secoisolariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.10; p < .05) were associated with increased risk of PCa. Furthermore, we found that isoflavones (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.28; p < .05) and specifically, genistein (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.40; p < .05) were associated with reduced risk of PCa. CONCLUSION We found of an inverse association between dietary isoflavone intake and PCa, while a positive association was found with lignans intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Regis
- a Urology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giulio Reale
- a Urology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Marina Marranzano
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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24
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He X, Sun LM. Dietary intake of flavonoid subclasses and risk of colorectal cancer: evidence from population studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26617-27. [PMID: 27058896 PMCID: PMC5042003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between flavonoids intake and colorectal cancer risk by conducting a meta-analysis. Results Our meta-analysis included 18 studies involving 16,917 colorectal cancer cases in 559,486 participants in relations to flavonoids intake during six to twenty-six years of follow-up. Our results indicated that specific flavonoid subclasses, such as procyanidins (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66–0.86) and isoflavones (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98), showed protective effects against colorectal cancer risk. There was no enough evidence indicating that increased consumption of total flavonoids were significantly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.81–1.09). There was no publication bias across studies. Methods We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles before December 2015. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between flavonoids and colorectal cancer risk. We assessed heterogeneity among studies by the Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides comprehensive evidence and partly supported the hypothesis that higher habitual intake of foods rich in procyanidins and isoflavones may potentially decrease colorectal cancer incidence. More prospective studies are warranted to verify this protective association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University (IGZJU), Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lei-Min Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University (IGZJU), Hangzhou 310016, China
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25
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Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010040. [PMID: 29300347 PMCID: PMC5793268 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, accounting for 15% of all cancers in men worldwide. Asian populations consume soy foods as part of a regular diet, which may contribute to the lower PCa incidence observed in these countries. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive updated analysis that builds on previously published meta-analyses, demonstrating that soy foods and their isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) are associated with a lower risk of prostate carcinogenesis. Thirty articles were included for analysis of the potential impacts of soy food intake, isoflavone intake, and circulating isoflavone levels, on both primary and advanced PCa. Total soy food (p < 0.001), genistein (p = 0.008), daidzein (p = 0.018), and unfermented soy food (p < 0.001) intakes were significantly associated with a reduced risk of PCa. Fermented soy food intake, total isoflavone intake, and circulating isoflavones were not associated with PCa risk. Neither soy food intake nor circulating isoflavones were associated with advanced PCa risk, although very few studies currently exist to examine potential associations. Combined, this evidence from observational studies shows a statistically significant association between soy consumption and decreased PCa risk. Further studies are required to support soy consumption as a prophylactic dietary approach to reduce PCa carcinogenesis.
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26
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Bansal M, Singh N, Pal S, Dev I, Ansari KM. Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64199-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Sak K. Intake of Individual Flavonoids and Risk of Carcinogenesis: Overview of Epidemiological Evidence. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1119-1150. [PMID: 29083244 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological findings have demonstrated that specific flavonoids can be responsible for reduction of the risk of certain cancer types. However, these results are still rather limited, inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, in this comprehensive review article the findings reported to date about the associations between dietary intake of individual flavonoid compounds and cancer incidence are compiled and analyzed. Also, the possible reasons for inconsistencies are brought forth and discussed. As diet is a potentially modifiable factor in our behavioral choices, further large-scale prospective studies with longer follow-up times, different populations, various doses and exposure timing as well as diverse well-controlled confounders are highly needed to confirm or disprove the current epidemiological knowledge about the role of flavonoids on cancer risk. Regarding the promising data to date, more research on bioavailability, metabolism and biological action mechanisms of these plant secondary metabolites is also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a NGO Praeventio , Näituse 22-3, Tartu , Estonia
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28
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Sak K. Epidemiological Evidences on Dietary Flavonoids and Breast Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2309-2328. [PMID: 28950673 PMCID: PMC5720631 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on associations between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are highly needed to assess the actual effects of flavonoids in humans. Experimental investigations in vitro conditions cannot detect and model the real action of these phytochemicals due to the limitations to consider absorption and metabolic biotransformation as well as several complex interactions. Therefore, the data about association findings between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are compiled and analyzed in the current review by evaluating both the results obtained using food composition databases as well as different biomarkers. Although several case-control studies demonstrate some reduction in breast cancer risk related to high consumption of flavones and flavonols, large-scale prospective cohort studies with follow-up times of many years do not confirm these findings. Intake of isoflavones can be associated with a decrease in breast tumorigenesis only in Asian countries where the consumption of soy foods is high but not among Western women with significantly lower ingestion amounts, suggesting the presence of so-called threshold level of effect. Besides doses, the timing of exposure to isoflavones seems also to be a significant factor as childhood and prepubertal age can be critical periods. Although women may need to consume high amounts of isoflavones typical to Asian diets to gain beneficial effects and protection against mammary carcinogenesis, it is still too early to give any specific recommendations to prevent breast tumors by diet rich in certain flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- NGO Praeventio, Näituse 22-3, Tartu 50407, Estonia.
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29
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Little CH, Combet E, McMillan DC, Horgan PG, Roxburgh CSD. The role of dietary polyphenols in the moderation of the inflammatory response in early stage colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2310-2320. [PMID: 26066365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.997866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current focus in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is on reducing overall mortality by increasing the number of early-stage cancers diagnosed and treated with curative intent. Despite the success of screening programs in down-staging CRC, interval cancer rates are substantial and other strategies are desirable. Sporadic CRC is largely associated with lifestyle factors including diet. Polyphenols are phytochemicals ingested as part of a normal diet, which are abundant in plant foods including fruits/berries and vegetables. These may exert their anti-carcinogenic effects via the modulation of inflammatory pathways. Key signal transduction pathways are fundamental to the association of inflammation and disease progression including those mediated by NF-κB and STAT, PI3K and COX. Our aim was to examine the evidence for the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on tumor and host inflammatory responses to determine if polyphenols may be effective as part of a dietary intervention. There is good epidemiological evidence of a reduction in CRC risk from case-control and cohort studies assessing polyphenol intake. It would be premature to suggest a major public health intervention to promote their consumption; however, dietary change is safe and feasible, emphasizing the need for further investigation of polyphenols and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Little
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - E Combet
- b Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospital , Glasgow , UK
| | - D C McMillan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - P G Horgan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - C S D Roxburgh
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
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Lu D, Pan C, Ye C, Duan H, Xu F, Yin L, Tian W, Zhang S. Meta-analysis of Soy Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4048. [PMID: 28642459 PMCID: PMC5481399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy consumption has received considerable attention for its potential role in reducing cancer incidence and mortality. However, its effects on gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between soy consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk by searching for prospective studies in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the reference lists of the included articles. The study-specific odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using either a fixed-effect or random-effect model. Twenty-two independent prospective studies were eligible for our meta-analysis, including 21 cohort studies and one nested case-control study. Soy product consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of overall GI cancer (0.857; 95% CI: 0.766, 0.959) and the gastric cancer subgroup (0.847; 95% CI: 0.722, 0.994) but not the colorectal cancer subgroup. After stratifying the results according to gender, an inverse association was observed between soy product intake and the incidence of GI cancer for females (0.711; 95% CI: 0.506, 0.999) but not for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Lu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Pan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ye
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Reseach Center for Air Pollution and Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Reger MK, Zollinger TW, Liu Z, Jones J, Zhang J. Association between Urinary Phytoestrogens and C-reactive Protein in the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Coll Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1318722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Reger
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Terrell W. Zollinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Josette Jones
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Br J Nutr 2017; 116:2115-2128. [PMID: 28091359 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that soya consumption as a source of phyto-oestrogens and isoflavones may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, findings have not yet been synthesised for all groups of phyto-oestrogens. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the association between phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk. Relevant observational studies published up to June 2016 were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Study-specific relative risks (RR) were pooled in both categorical and dose-response meta-analyses. Out of seventeen identified studies, sixteen were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake category, inverse associations for phyto-oestrogens overall and by subgroup were observed but were statistically significant in case-controls studies and not in cohort studies. The pooled RR in case-control studies were 0·76 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·84), 0·77 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·85) and 0·70 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·89) for phyto-oestrogens, isoflavones and lignans, respectively, whereas the corresponding pooled RR were 0·95 (95 % CI 0·85, 1·06), 0·94 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·05) and 1·00 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·57) in cohort studies. Dose-response analysis yielded an 8 % reduced risk of colorectal neoplasms for every 20 mg/d increase in isoflavones intake in Asians (pooled RR 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·97). A non-linear inverse association with colorectal cancer risk was found for lignans intake, but no association for circulating enterolactone concentrations was observed. Thus, study heterogeneity precludes a rigorous conclusion regarding an effect of high exposure to isoflavones on risk of colorectal cancer. Current evidence for an association with lignans exposure is limited. Further prospective studies, particularly evaluating lignans, are warranted to clarify the association between different phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk.
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Zanella I, Biasiotto G, Holm F, di Lorenzo D. Cereal Lignans, Natural Compounds of Interest for Human Health? Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals are suggested to be the most important sources of lignan in the diets of western populations. Recent epidemiological studies show that European subpopulations in which the major source of lignans are cereals, display lower disease frequency regarding metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms of lignan are several. Beyond their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions at nutritional doses some lignans regulate the activity of specific nuclear receptors (NRs), such as the estrogen receptors (ERs), and also NRs that are central switches in glucose and fatty acid metabolism such as PPARα, PPARγ and LXRs, highlighting them as selective nuclear receptor modulators (SNRMs). These include enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from food lignans. The available knowledge suggests that given some additional research it should be possible to make ‘function' claims for a regular intake of lignans-rich foods related to maintaining a healthy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zanella
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiotto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Finn Holm
- Foodgroup Denmark, Rugårdsvej 14 A1, Dk-8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark
| | - Diego di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Molina‐Montes E, Sánchez M, Zamora‐Ros R, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H, Wark PA, Obon‐Santacana M, Kühn T, Katzke V, Travis RC, Ye W, Sund M, Naccarati A, Mattiello A, Krogh V, Martorana C, Masala G, Amiano P, Huerta J, Barricarte A, Quirós J, Weiderpass E, Angell Åsli L, Skeie G, Ericson U, Sonestedt E, Peeters PH, Romieu I, Scalbert A, Overvad K, Clemens M, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Peppa E, Vidalis P, Khaw K, Wareham N, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Boutroun‐Rualt M, Clavel‐Chapelon F, Cross AJ, Lu Y, Riboli E, Duell EJ. Flavonoid and lignan intake and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1480-92. [PMID: 27184434 PMCID: PMC4949532 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential cancer preventive effects of flavonoids and lignans, their ability to reduce pancreatic cancer risk has not been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Our aim was to examine the association between dietary intakes of flavonoids and lignans and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. A total of 865 exocrine pancreatic cancer cases occurred after 11.3 years of follow-up of 477,309 cohort members. Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake was estimated through validated dietary questionnaires and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Phenol Explorer databases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using age, sex and center-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for energy intake, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol and diabetes status. Our results showed that neither overall dietary intake of flavonoids nor of lignans were associated with pancreatic cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted HR for a doubling of intake = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95-1.11 and 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89-1.17, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also not observed by flavonoid subclasses. An inverse association between intake of flavanones and pancreatic cancer risk was apparent, without reaching statistical significance, in microscopically confirmed cases (HR for a doubling of intake = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.00). In conclusion, we did not observe an association between intake of flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses or lignans and pancreatic cancer risk in the EPIC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Molina‐Montes
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADAHospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBERESPCIBER Epidemiología Y Salud PúblicaSpain
| | - María‐José Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADAHospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBERESPCIBER Epidemiología Y Salud PúblicaSpain
| | - Raul Zamora‐Ros
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)LyonFrance
| | - H.B(as) Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Petra A. Wark
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mireia Obon‐Santacana
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐Idibell)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- The Medical Biobank at Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- The Medical Biobank at Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology UnitHuGeF—Human Genetics FoundationTorinoItaly
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology UnitCancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPOFlorenceItaly
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBERESPCIBER Epidemiología Y Salud PúblicaSpain
- Public Health Division of GipuzkoaBioDonostia Research InstituteSan SebastiánSpain
| | - José‐María Huerta
- CIBERESPCIBER Epidemiología Y Salud PúblicaSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBERESPCIBER Epidemiología Y Salud PúblicaSpain
- Public Health Institute of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø, the Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lene Angell Åsli
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø, the Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø, the Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of EpidemiologyJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)LyonFrance
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)LyonFrance
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthSection for Epidemiology, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Matthias Clemens
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical StatisticsUniversity of Athens Medical SchoolAthensGreece
| | | | | | - Kay‐Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nick Wareham
- Epidemiology UnitMedical Research CouncilCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric J. Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐Idibell)BarcelonaSpain
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36
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Frankenfeld CL. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax VA USA
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37
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Zhang Q, Feng H, Qluwakemi B, Wang J, Yao S, Cheng G, Xu H, Qiu H, Zhu L, Yuan M. Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:28-42. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Songpo Yao
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | | | - Hui Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Liling Zhu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mingxia Yuan
- Bio-Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Harbin Pharmaceutical Group, Harbin, China
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38
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Relationship of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavone, and the novel bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer: a case–control study among Japanese men. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zhang M, Wang K, Chen L, Yin B, Song Y. Is phytoestrogen intake associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer? A systematic review of epidemiological studies based on 17,546 cases. Andrology 2016; 4:745-56. [PMID: 27260185 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study uses current epidemiological data to evaluate whether phytoestrogen intake is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis of published data retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CNKI, which was supplemented by a manual search of relevant references. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was evaluated to assess the stability of the results. Egger's test and funnel plots were used to detect the existence of publication bias. We retrieved 507 papers, and 29 studies were ultimately confirmed as eligible. The meta-analysis showed that phytoestrogen intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.77 (95% CI 0.66-0.88; I(2) = 77.6%). The food/nutritional sources that were significantly associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer included soy and soy products, tofu, legumes, daidzein, and genistein. Subgroup analysis indicated that the associations were significant among Asians and Caucasians, but not among Africans. Meta-regression revealed that the pooled OR increased with the number of cases in the studies. The results might be affected by publication bias based on the Eggers' test (p = 0.011) and the asymmetry of the funnel plot. Phytoestrogen intake may reduce the risk of prostate cancer in Asians and Caucasians. Regular intake of food that is rich in phytoestrogens, such as soy/soy products or legumes, should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - B Yin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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40
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Wadhwa EL, Ma C, Shaw GM, Carmichael SL. Gastroschisis and maternal intake of phytoestrogens. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2078-82. [PMID: 27232448 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastroschisis has increased significantly in the past few decades. The strongest risks have been observed for women <25 years old or of low body mass index, and maternal diet also been proposed to be associated with risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the risk of gastroschisis is associated with maternal dietary intake of phytoestrogens. The analysis includes data on mothers of 409 gastroschisis cases and 3,007 controls who delivered their infants from 2005 to 2010 and participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multistate, population-based, case-control study. Detailed information was obtained from maternal telephone interviews that included a validated food frequency questionnaire. We conducted logistic regression analyses that included each phytoestrogen in its continuous form (to test for linearity) and quadratic form (to test for non-linearity), adjusted for maternal energy intake, age, BMI, race-ethnicity, and smoking in 1st trimester. Logistic regression analysis indicated that biochanin A, formonoetin, and coumestrol had a significant non-linear association with gastroschisis (P-value <0.05 for quadratic term). Lower intakes were associated with increased risk, with somewhat stronger but relatively modest associations at the lower end of the distribution; for example, the ORs for the 10th versus 50th percentiles ranged from 1.1 to 1.2. Associations were not significant for the other phytoestrogens. This study provides some evidence for association with certain phytoestrogens, after adjusting for covariates. The implications of our findings for clinical practice are uncertain pending other studies examining this association. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Wadhwa
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chen Ma
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Hedelin M, Löf M, Sandin S, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. Prospective Study of Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:388-95. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1152380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Uusitalo L, Salmenhaara M, Isoniemi M, Garcia-Alvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Ribas-Barba L, Finglas P, Plumb J, Tuominen P, Savela K. Intake of selected bioactive compounds from plant food supplements containing fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) among Finnish consumers. Food Chem 2016; 194:619-25. [PMID: 26471600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the intake of selected bioactive compounds from fennel-containing plant food supplements (PFS) among Finnish consumers. The estimated average intake of estragole was 0.20mg/d, of trans-anethole 1.15mg/d, of rosmarinic acid 0.09mg/d, of p-coumaric acid 0.0068mg/d, of kaempferol 0.0034mg/d, of luteolin 0.0525μg/d, of quercetin 0.0246mg/d, of matairesinol 0.0066μg/d and of lignans 0.0412μg/d. The intakes of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, matairesinol and lignans from PFS were low in comparison with their dietary supply. The intake of estragole was usually moderate, but a heavy consumption of PFS may lead to a high intake of estragole. The intake of trans-anethole did not exceed the acceptable daily intake, but PFS should be taken into account when assessing the total exposure. To our knowledge, this study provided the first intake estimates of trans-anethole, p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Uusitalo
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maija Salmenhaara
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Isoniemi
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alicia Garcia-Alvarez
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ribas-Barba
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Finglas
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Plumb
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Pirkko Tuominen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsti Savela
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Shin A, Lee J, Lee J, Park MS, Park JW, Park SC, Oh JH, Kim J. Isoflavone and Soyfood Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143228. [PMID: 26575841 PMCID: PMC4648565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the relationship between dietary soyfood and isoflavone intake and colorectal cancer risk in a case-control study. A total of 901 colorectal cancer cases and 2669 controls were recruited at the National Cancer Center, Korea. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the usual dietary habits, and the isoflavone intake level was estimated from five soyfood items. A high intake of total soy products, legumes, and sprouts was associated with a reduced risk for colorectal cancer in men and women, although the middle quartiles of intake of total soy products were associated with an elevated risk. In contrast, a high intake of fermented soy paste was associated with an elevated risk for colorectal cancer in men. The groups with the highest intake quartiles of isoflavones showed a decreased risk for colorectal cancer compared to their counterparts with the lowest intake quartiles in men (odds ratio (OR): 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.89) and women (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99). The reduced risk for the highest intake groups persisted for distal colon cancer in men and rectal cancer in women. The association between soyfood intake and colorectal cancer risk was more prominent among post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women. In conclusion, a high intake of total soy products or dietary isoflavones was associated with a reduced risk for overall colorectal cancer, and the association may be more relevant to distal colon or rectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 410–769, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120–750, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Park
- Gachon University College of Nursing, Incheon, 406–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Park
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 410–769, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 410–769, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 410–769, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Nie Q, Xing M, Hu J, Hu X, Nie S, Xie M. Metabolism and health effects of phyto-estrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2432-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
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Yang ZP, Zhao Y, Huang F, Chen J, Yao YH, Li J, Wu XN. Equol inhibits proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells via modulating Akt pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10385-10399. [PMID: 26420965 PMCID: PMC4579885 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of equol in gastric cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: MGC-803 cells were employed for in vitro experiments in this study. Cells were treated with control (vehicle, 0.1% DMSO) or equol under specified dose titration or time courses. Cell viability was examined by MTS assay, and the levels of Ki67 were determined by qPCR and immunofluorescent assay. Changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cyclin E1 and P21WAF1 was determined by qPCR. The protein levels of cell cycle regulators, PARP and Caspase-3 cleavage, and the phosphorylation of Akt were examined by Western blot. In addition, to characterize the role of elevated Akt activation in the anti-tumor effect exerted by equol, Ly294002, a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor, was used to pretreat MGC-803 cells.
RESULTS: Equol (5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) inhibited viability of MGC-803 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment for 24, 36, or 48 h (P < 0.05 for all). Equol also decreased the mRNA (P < 0.05 for 12 and 24 h treatment) and protein levels of Ki67. Equol treatment significantly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (P < 0.05), with the percentages of G0/G1 cells of 32.23% ± 3.62%, 36.31% ± 0.24%, 45.58% ± 2.29%, and 65.10% ± 2.04% for equol (0, 10, 20, or 30 μmol/L) treatment, respectively, accompanied by a significant decrease of CDK2/4 (P < 0.05 for 24 and 48 h treatment) and Cyclin D1/Cyclin E1 (P < 0.05), and an increased level of P21WAF1 (P < 0.05). A marked increase of apoptosis was observed, with the percentages of apoptotic cells of 5.01% ± 0.91%, 14.57% ± 0.99%, 37.40% ± 0.58%, and 38.46% ± 2.01% for equol (0, 5, 10, or 20 μmol/L) treatment, respectively, accompanied by increased levels of cleaved PARP and caspase-3. In addition, we found that equol treatment increased P-Akt (Ser473 and Thr308) at 12 and 24 h compared to vehicle-treated control; longer treatment for 48 h decreased P-Akt (Ser473 and Thr308). P-Akt at Thr450, however, was decreased by equol treatment at all time points examined (P < 0.05 for all). Moreover, Akt inhibition by Ly294002 could not prevent but led to enhanced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: Equol inhibits MGC-803 cells proliferation by induction of G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Its anti-cancer effects are likely mediated by dephosphorylation of Akt at Thr450.
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46
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Zamora-Ros R, Guinó E, Henar Alonso M, Vidal C, Barenys M, Soriano A, Moreno V. Dietary flavonoids, lignans and colorectal cancer prognosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14148. [PMID: 26369380 PMCID: PMC4572925 DOI: 10.1038/srep14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and lignans are polyphenol classes with anticarcinogenic activities against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very limited epidemiological evidence exists on their effects on CRC prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between flavonoid and lignan intakes with the risk of CRC recurrence and overall survival in CRC patients. The study followed incident histologically confirmed CRC cases in Barcelona (Spain). Validated dietary questionnaires and lifestyle information were collected at recruitment. An ad hoc food composition database on flavonoids and lignans was compiled by using data from the US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. Adjusted hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox models. After 8.6 years of mean follow-up, 133 of 409 (32.5%) participants died and 77 of 319 (24.1%) had a CRC recurrence. Total flavonoids were associated neither with CRC recurrence (HR comparing extreme tertiles 1.13, 95% CI 0.64-2.02; P-trend 0.67) nor with overall survival (HR(T3vsT1) 1.06, 95% CI 0.69-1.65; P-trend 0.78) in the multivariable models. No associations were also observed with either total lignans or any flavonoid subclass intake. In conclusion, the results of the current study do not support a role of flavonoid and lignan intake in the CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Guinó
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Henar Alonso
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vidal
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Barenys
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Soriano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Gastroenterology Service, University Hospital Bellvitge (HUB)
| | - Victor Moreno
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:231. [PMID: 26228387 PMCID: PMC4521376 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have reported various results relating phytoestrogens to prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis on the extent of the possible association between phytoestrogens (including consumption and serum concentration) and the risk of PCa. Methods Eligible studies were retrieved via both computer searches and review of references. The summary relative risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated with random effects models. Results A total of 11 studies (2 cohort and 9 case–control studies) on phytoestrogen intake and 8 studies on serum concentration were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) showed a significant influence of the highest phytoestrogens consumption (OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70–0.91) and serum concentration (OR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.70–0.99) on the risk of PCa. In stratified analysis, high genistein and daidzein intake and increased serum concentration of enterolactone were associated with a significant reduced risk of PCa. However, no significant associations were observed for isoflavone intake, lignans intake, or serum concentrations of genistein, daidzein, or equol. Conclusions The overall current literature suggests that phytoestrogen intake is associated with a decreased risk of PCa, especially genistein and daidzein intake. Increased serum concentration of enterolactone was also associated with a significant reduced risk of PCa. Further efforts should be made to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms.
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48
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Peterson JJ, Dwyer JT, Jacques PF, McCullough ML. Improving the estimation of flavonoid intake for study of health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:553-76. [PMID: 26084477 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprecision in estimating intakes of non-nutrient bioactive compounds such as flavonoids is a challenge in epidemiologic studies of health outcomes. The sources of this imprecision, using flavonoids as an example, include the variability of bioactive compounds in foods due to differences in growing conditions and processing, the challenges in laboratory quantification of flavonoids in foods, the incompleteness of flavonoid food composition tables, and the lack of adequate dietary assessment instruments. Steps to improve databases of bioactive compounds and to increase the accuracy and precision of the estimation of bioactive compound intakes in studies of health benefits and outcomes are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Peterson
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marjorie L McCullough
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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49
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Zamora-Ros R, Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Weiderpass E, Roswall N, Buckland G, St-Jules DE, Overvad K, Kyrø C, Fagherazzi G, Kvaskoff M, Severi G, Chang-Claude J, Kaaks R, Nöthlings U, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Gram IT, Engeset D, Huerta JM, Molina-Montes E, Argüelles M, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Ericson U, Lindkvist B, Nilsson LM, Kiemeney LA, Ros M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PHM, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Knaze V, Romieu I, Scalbert A, Brennan P, Wark P, Vineis P, Riboli E, González CA. Flavonoid and lignan intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1870-80. [PMID: 25121955 PMCID: PMC4453722 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of the protective role of dietary intake of flavonoids and lignans on cancer, but the association with bladder cancer has not been thoroughly investigated in epidemiological studies. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total and subclasses of flavonoids and lignans and risk of bladder cancer and its main morphological type, urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. METHODS A cohort of 477 312 men and women mostly aged 35-70 years, were recruited in 10 European countries. At baseline, dietary flavonoid and lignan intakes were estimated using centre-specific validated questionnaires and a food composition database based on the Phenol-Explorer, the UK Food Standards Agency and the US Department of Agriculture databases. RESULTS During an average of 11 years of follow-up, 1575 new cases of primary bladder cancer were identified, of which 1425 were UCC (classified into aggressive (n=430) and non-aggressive (n=413) UCC). No association was found between total flavonoid intake and bladder cancer risk. Among flavonoid subclasses, significant inverse associations with bladder cancer risk were found for intakes of flavonol (hazard ratio comparing fifth with first quintile (HRQ5-Q1) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.91; P-trend=0.009) and lignans (HRQ5-Q1 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96; P-trend=0.046). Similar results were observed for overall UCC and aggressive UCC, but not for non-aggressive UCC. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests an inverse association between the dietary intakes of flavonols and lignans and risk of bladder cancer, particularly aggressive UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - C Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), and Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - F Ricceri
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), and Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D E St-Jules
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France
- Paris South University, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - M Kvaskoff
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France
- Paris South University, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - G Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - D Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - S Grioni
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - R Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘Civic MP Arezzo' Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - I T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Engeset
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J M Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Molina-Montes
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
| | | | - P Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - E Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - U Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Lindkvist
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L M Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Arcum, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence and Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Ros
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H B Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - P H M Peeters
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K-T Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge University, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Knaze
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - I Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - A Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - P Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - P Wark
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - P Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C A González
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Consuming plants for their presumed health benefits has occurred since early civilizations. Phytochemicals are found in various plants that are frequently included in the human diet and are generally thought to be safe for consumption because they are produced naturally. However, this is not always the case and in fact many natural compounds found in several commonly consumed plants are potential carcinogens or tumor promoters and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
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