1
|
Rahimlou M, Ahmadi AR, Cheraghian B, Baghdadi G, Ghalishourani SS, Nozarian S, Hashemi SJ, Rahimi Z, Jahromi NB, Hosseini SA. The association between dietary inflammatory index with some cardio-metabolic risk indices among the patients with type 2 diabetes from Hoveyzeh cohort study: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38890603 PMCID: PMC11186237 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary inflammatory index (DII) serves as a tool to assess the inflammatory impact of an individual's diet. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII and some cardio-metabolic risk indices among patients with T2DM. METHODS Data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, encompassing 2045 adults with T2DM, were analyzed. DII scores were calculated based on food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were performed to assess cardio-metabolic risk factors. RESULTS Higher DII scores were positively associated with elevated triglyceride levels, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), hip, waist circumferences (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (all Ptrend < 0.05). Notably, no significant association was observed between DII and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (Ptrend > 0.05). Additionally, dietary intake analysis revealed a negative correlation between DII scores and intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, seafood, dairy products, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conversely, higher DII scores were associated with increased consumption of red meat, processed meat, refined cereals, potatoes, and soft drinks (all Ptrend < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study underscores the critical link between dietary inflammation, assessed by the DII score, and a multitude of cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM. Notably, while the study did not find a significant association between DII and fasting blood sugar levels, it identified robust associations with novel anthropometric and biochemical indices indicative of cardio-metabolic risk. These findings highlight the potential of dietary interventions as a cornerstone strategy for managing T2DM and mitigating its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Baghdadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Ghalishourani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science of Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Nozarian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Banaei Jahromi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalantar GH, Saraswat S, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Gholamrezaeinejad F, Javidan A, Agrawal M, Liu R, Kern PA, Zhang XD, Nikolajczyk BS. Fasting and Glucose Metabolism Differentially Impact Peripheral Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1404. [PMID: 38794641 PMCID: PMC11124302 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines produced by peripheral T-helper 1/17 cells disproportionately contribute to the inflammation (i.e., metaflammation) that fuels type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. Shifts in the nutrient milieu could influence inflammation through changes in T-cell metabolism. We aimed to determine whether changes in glucose utilization alter cytokine profiles in T2D. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T-cells, and CD4+CD25- T-effector (Teff) cells were isolated from age-matched humans classified by glycemic control and BMI. Cytokines secreted by CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs and Teff were measured in supernatants with multiplex cytokine assays and a FLEXMAP-3D. Metabolic activity of stimulated CD4+ T-cells was measured by a Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. In this study, we demonstrated that T-cell stimulated PBMCs from non-fasted people with T2D produced higher amounts of cytokines compared to fasting. Although dysglycemia characterizes T2D, cytokine production by PBMCs or CD4+ T-cells in T2D was unaltered by hyperglycemic media. Moreover, pharmacological suppression of mitochondrial glucose oxidation did not change T-cell metabolism in T2D, yet enhanced cytokine competency. In conclusion, fasting and glucose metabolism differentially impact peripheral inflammation in human T2D, suggesting that glucose, along with fatty acid metabolites per our previous work, partner to regulate metaflammation. These data expose a major disconnect in the use of glycemic control drugs to target T2D-associated metaflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H. Kalantar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Shubh Saraswat
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.S.); (X.D.Z.)
| | - Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Fatemeh Gholamrezaeinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Aida Javidan
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.S.); (X.D.Z.)
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hornero-Ramirez H, Aubin A, Michalski MC, Vinoy S, Caussy C, Nazare JA. Multifunctional dietary interventions, low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic profile: a scoping review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304686. [PMID: 38476230 PMCID: PMC10927766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence highlights the significant impact of diet to modify low-grade inflammation closely linked to cardiometabolic profile. Multifunctionnal diets, combining several compounds have been shown to beneficially impact metabolic parameters. Objective This study synthesizes the knowledge on the impact of RCTs combining dietary multifunctional compounds on low-grade inflammation in humans. We investigate whether the effects of dietary multifunctional interventions on inflammatory markers were parallel to alterations of cardiometabolic parameters. Methodology We considered both the integrated dietary interventions (ID, i.e. global diets such as Mediterranean, Nordic…) and the dietary interventions based on selected bioactive mix (BM) compounds, in healthy individuals and those at cardiometabolic risk. Out of 221 screened publications, we selected 27 studies: 11 for BM (polyphenols and/or omega-3 fatty acids and/or antioxidants and/or dietary fiber) and 16 for ID (Mediterranean, paleo, Nordic, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet…). Results ID studies reflected significant improvements in inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1b), concomitantly with beneficial changes in metabolic parameters. In BM studies, pronounced effects on low-grade inflammatory markers were observed, while improvements in metabolic parameters were not consistent. Both types of studies suggested a favorable impact on oxidative stress, a factor closely linked to the inflammatory profile. Conclusion Our findings showed that multifunctional RCT diets have differential role in managing low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic health, with a large heterogeneity in explored inflammatory markers. Further research is imperative to elucidate the link between low-grade inflammation and other cardiometabolic risk factors, such as intestinal inflammation or postprandial inflammatory dynamics, aiming to attain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes. These future investigations not only have the potential to deepen our insights into the connections among these elements but also pave the way for significant advancements in the prevention and management of conditions related to the cardiovascular and metabolic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Hornero-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN lab, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Adrien Aubin
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN lab, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Research, Paris Saclay Tech Center, Mondelez International R&D, 91400, Saclay, France
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN lab, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN lab, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wisseman BL, Edwards ES, Akers JD, Kurti SP. The Effect of Varying Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Airway Inflammation, Pulmonary Function, and Airway Resistance in Healthy, Young Adults. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:131-138. [PMID: 37399335 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2229877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of varying fatty acid composition in a HFM on eNO, pulmonary function, and airway resistance. METHODS Fifteen individuals [6 M/9 F; 21.9 ± 1.5 years old] each completed three HFM conditions {SF, O6FA, and O3FA; 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar smoothies} in random order separated by at least 48 h. Airway inflammation assessed via eNO, pulmonary function measured using the maximum flow volume loop (MFVL) and airway resistance measured using impulse oscillometry (iOS) were taken at baseline, 2h and 4h postprandially. RESULTS There was no difference in eNO or iOS across time in any condition or between conditions (p > 0.05). There was a significant time by condition effect for FEV1 post-HFM in the SF and O6FA conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Different fatty acid compositions do not increase eNO or iOS in healthy, college-aged participants after consumption of a HFM, though the minimally processed meals with fruit added may contribute to these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breanna L Wisseman
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Akers
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Department of Health Professions, Integrated Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pogran E, Haller PM, Wegberger C, Tscharre M, Vujasin I, Kaufmann CC, Dick P, Jäger B, Wojta J, Huber K. The LIPL study: Postprandial lipid profile, inflammation, and platelet activity in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2023; 54:14-21. [PMID: 37811126 PMCID: PMC10550804 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims It is suggested that the changes in atherosclerosis happen mainly under the influence of non-fasting lipids. To date, the studies in the postprandial state were primarily performed on healthy subjects. This exploratory, cross-sectional study investigates the change in lipid profile, inflammation, and platelet activation in patients with different cardiovascular risk profiles in the postprandial state. Methods The studied population consists of 66 patients with different cardiovascular risks: patients with a history of the chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) (n = 20), CCS without DM2 (n = 25), and a healthy control group (n = 21). Lipid variables and markers of platelet function and inflammation were assessed during the fasting state and three and 5 h after a standardized fat meal using a standardized oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), a milkshake with 90 g of fat. Results Patients with CCS and DM2 were significantly older and had the highest BMI. All patients with CCS were on acetylsalicylic acid, and 95% of CCS patients were on high-dose statins. The absolute leukocyte and neutrophile count increased significantly in the control group during the OFTT in comparison to CCS subjects. There was a significant decrease of HDL and increase of triglycerides during the OFTT, however with no difference between groups. There was no difference in the change of platelet activity between all groups. Conclusion This study showed that OFTT leads to an increased postprandial inflammation response in healthy group compared to CCS ± DM2 while there was no change in lipid profile and platelet activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Pogran
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul M. Haller
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
| | - Claudia Wegberger
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Tscharre
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Vujasin
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph C. Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Dick
- Klinik Ottakring, Department of Surgery with a Focus on Vascular Surgery- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Interventional Cardiology and Rhythmology, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dordevic AL, Williamson G. Systematic Review and Quantitative Data Synthesis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Consensus Gene Expression Changes in Response to a High Fat Meal. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300512. [PMID: 37817369 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic flexibility is essential for a healthy response to a high fat meal, and is assessed by measuring postprandial changes in blood markers including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; lymphocytes and monocytes). However, there is no clear consensus on postprandial gene expression and protein changes in these cells. METHOD AND RESULTS The study systematically reviews the literature reporting transcriptional and proteomic changes in PBMCs after consumption of a high fat meal. After re-analysis of the raw data to ensure equivalence between studies, ≈85 genes are significantly changed (defined as in the same direction in ≥3 studies) with about half involved in four processes: inflammation/oxidative stress, GTP metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid localization/transport. For meals consisting predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), notable additional processes are phosphorylation and glucocorticoid response. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), genes related to migration/angiogenesis and platelet aggregation are also changed. CONCLUSION Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teixeira AL, Gangat A, Millar PJ. A single high-fat Western meal modulates vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation at rest and during exercise in humans: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H529-H538. [PMID: 37477687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00283.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A single high-fat Western meal transiently reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation at rest, but the interaction with sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity during exercise remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a single high-fat Western meal would impair the ability of contracting skeletal muscle to offset vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation during exercise, termed functional sympatholysis. In 18 (10 females/8 males) healthy young adults, forearm blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) and beat-to-beat arterial pressure (photoplethysmography) were measured during lower-body negative pressure (LBNP; -20 mmHg) applied at rest and simultaneously during low (15% maximum contraction) and moderate (30% maximum contraction)-intensity rhythmic handgrip exercise. The magnitude of sympatholysis was calculated as the difference of LBNP-induced changes in forearm vascular conductance (FVC) between handgrip and rest. Experiments were performed preprandial and 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after a high- or low-fat meal. In the preprandial state, LBNP decreased resting FVC (Δ-54 ± 10%), and these responses were attenuated during low (Δ-17 ± 7%)- and moderate (Δ-8 ± 6%)-intensity handgrip exercise. Following a high-fat meal, LBNP induced attenuated decreases in resting FVC (3 h postprandial, Δ-47 ± 10%, P = 0.002 vs. preprandial) and blunted attenuation of FVC during low (3 h postprandial, Δ-23 ± 8%, P = 0.001 vs. preprandial)- and moderate (3 h postprandial, Δ-16 ± 6%, P < 0.001 vs. preprandial)-intensity handgrip exercise. The high-fat meal attenuated the magnitude of sympatholysis during low (preprandial, 38 ± 7 vs. 3 h postprandial, 23 ± 8%, P < 0.001)- and moderate (preprandial, 46 ± 11 vs. 3 h postprandial, 31 ± 10%, P < 0.001)-intensity handgrip exercise. The low-fat meal had no impact on these responses. In conclusion, a single high-fat Western meal modulates sympathetic vasoconstriction at rest and during low- and moderate-intensity handgrip exercise in young healthy adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed that a single high-fat Western meal, but not an isocaloric low-fat meal, attenuated the sympathetic vasoconstriction at rest and the ability of the active skeletal muscle to counteract the vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation (i.e., functional sympatholysis) during low- and moderate-intensity rhythmic handgrip exercise in healthy young adults. Our findings highlight the potential deleterious vascular effect associated with the consumption of a Western diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André L Teixeira
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesha Gangat
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Millar
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun M, Fang J, Gao W, He Y, Ma Y, Jin L. Association of the dietary inflammatory index with phenotypic age in the United States adults. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023051. [PMID: 37170498 PMCID: PMC10593589 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the underlying mechanisms of aging is chronic inflammation, which has been closely associated with daily diet. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) has been used as an index to track the aging process before diseases show clinical symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PhenoAge. METHODS In total, 9,275 adults aged 20 years old and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in this study. Dietary patterns were classified as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory according to the DII. PhenoAge was regarded as a continuous variable, and linear regression was used to explore its association with dietary inflammation. Stratified analyses by sex, age, race, physical exercise, smoking status, drinking status, and body mass index were used to test the sensitivity of these associations. RESULTS The median value of PhenoAge was 38.60 years and 39.76 years for the participants with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets, respectively. A pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with PhenoAge (β=0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 1.14), compared with participants who had an anti-inflammatory diet. There was an interaction between dietary inflammation and age for PhenoAge (pinteraction<0.001). The strength of the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and PhenoAge was stronger as age increased. CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher PhenoAge, and the association was strongest in the elderly. We recommended reducing dietary inflammation to delay phenotypic aging, especially for the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goj T, Hoene M, Fritsche L, Schneeweiss P, Machann J, Petrera A, Hauck SM, Fritsche A, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Heni M, Niess AM, Moller A, Weigert C. The Acute Cytokine Response to 30-Minute Exercise Bouts Before and After 8-Week Endurance Training in Individuals With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:865-875. [PMID: 36285617 PMCID: PMC9999360 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT One acute bout of exercise leads to a rapid increase in the systemic cytokine concentration. Regular exercise might alter the cytokine response, in particular in beforehand untrained and obese individuals. OBJECTIVE Using a proximity extension assay, we studied the effects of acute exercise as well as endurance training on a panel of 92 cytokines related to inflammation. METHODS A total of 22 individuals (30 ± 9 years; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 25.2 ± 4.2 mL/[kg × min]; body mass index [BMI] 31.7 ± 4.4) participated in an 8-week endurance exercise intervention. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after 30 minutes' ergometer exercise at 80% VO2peak. RESULTS Before and after the training intervention, 40 and 37 cytokines, respectively, were acutely increased more than 1.2-fold (Benjamini-Hochberg [BH]-adjusted P < .05). The exercise intervention did not change the acute increase in cytokines nor the resting cytokine levels, whereas fitness was improved and adiposity reduced. The increase in fitness led to a slight increase in power output when exercising at the same heart rate, which might explain the comparable increase in cytokines before and after the intervention. The largest acute increase was found for OSM, TGFA, CXCL1 and 5, and TNFSF14 (≥ 1.9-fold, BH-adjusted P < .001). The transcript levels of these proteins in whole blood were also elevated, particularly in the trained state. Only the acute increase in IL6 (1.3-fold) was related to the increase in lactate, confirming the lactate-driven secretion of IL6. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive proteomics approach detected several underexplored serum exerkines with up to now less understood function in the adaptation to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Moller
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Correspondence: Cora Weigert, PhD, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McKay I, van Dorst J, Katz T, Doumit M, Prentice B, Owens L, Belessis Y, Chuang S, Jaffe A, Thomas T, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Diet and the gut-lung axis in cystic fibrosis - direct & indirect links. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2156254. [PMID: 36573804 PMCID: PMC9809969 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem, autosomal, recessive disease primarily affecting the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. Whilst there is increasing evidence of a microbial 'gut-lung axis' in chronic respiratory conditions, there has been limited analysis of such a concept in CF. We performed a comprehensive dietary and microbiota analysis to explore the interactions between diet, gastrointestinal microbiota, respiratory microbiota, and clinical outcomes in children with CF. Our results demonstrate significant alterations in intestinal inflammation and respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiota when compared to age and gender matched children without CF. We identified correlations between the gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiota, lung function, CF pulmonary exacerbations and anthropometrics, supporting the concept of an altered gut-lung axis in children with CF. We also identified significant differences in dietary quality with CF children consuming greater relative proportions of total, saturated and trans fats, and less relative proportions of carbohydrates, wholegrains, fiber, insoluble fiber, starch, and resistant starch. Our findings position the CF diet as a potential modulator in gastrointestinal inflammation and the proposed gut-lung axial relationship in CF. The dietary intake of wholegrains, fiber and resistant starch may be protective against intestinal inflammation and should be explored as potential therapeutic adjuvants for children with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle McKay
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Josie van Dorst
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Doumit
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Bernadette Prentice
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Louisa Owens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,University of New South Wales, Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Coffey
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia,CONTACT Chee Y. Ooi Centre for Child Health Research and Innovation, Level 8, Bright Alliance Building, Cnr of Avoca and High Streets, Randwick, NSW2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun M, Wang L, Hu Y, Wang X, Yan S, Guo Y, Li J, Xie Z, Li B. Cognitive Impairment Mediates the Association between Dietary Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235118. [PMID: 36501149 PMCID: PMC9737219 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism in both cognitive impairment and depression was chronic inflammation, which could be reflected by the dietary inflammatory index (DII). However, the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between DII and depression was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that cognitive impairment could mediate the association between dietary inflammation and depressive symptoms. A total of 2550 participants aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014 were involved in the serial, cross-sectional study. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets were measured by DII. Cognitive impairment was measured by four dimensions, CERAD-immediate, CERAN-delayed, animal fluency test, and DSST. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 scores. We found that a proinflammatory diet and cognitive impairment were both risk factors for depressive symptoms. An interaction between an inflammatory diet and cognitive impairment was detected (P-interaction = 0.060). In addition, all four dimensions of cognition mediated the association between DII and depressive symptom scores. Part of the association between DII and depressive symptoms scores could be explained by different dimensions of cognitive function, and the proportion of mediation ranged from 10.0% to 36.7%. In conclusion, cognitive impairment levels partly mediated the association between DII and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yinpei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zechun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bioactive Yoghurt Containing Curcumin and Chlorogenic Acid Reduces Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214619. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is marked by a gradual and permanent decrease of estrogen from the ovaries, leading to metabolic and physiological changes in the body. Combined with increased body mass index, postmenopausal women have elevated systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances leading to increased risk of developing chronic diseases. A bioactive coconut yoghurt containing curcumin and chlorogenic acid was developed with the potential to target inflammatory processes. In this randomized crossover study, healthy postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25–40 were recruited to consume 125 g of either the bioactive or placebo yoghurt. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h postprandially. Plasma inflammatory markers (TNFα and IL6) and metabolic markers (triglycerides, insulin and glucose) were measured. Participants had significantly lower plasma TNFα Cmax after consumption of the bioactive yoghurt compared to placebo (mean difference = 0.3 pg/mL; p = 0.04). Additionally, plasma TNFα was significantly lower postprandially compared to baseline after consumption of the bioactive yogurt but not the placebo. No differences were observed in the metabolic markers measured. Conclusions: The bioactive yoghurt fortified with curcumin and chlorogenic acid has the potential to reduce inflammatory mediators; however, a larger and longer-term study is required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
13
|
de Souza MDGC, Maranhão PA, Panazzolo DG, Nogueira Neto JF, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Effects of a high-fat meal on inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers in accordance with adiposity status: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2022; 21:65. [PMID: 36258233 PMCID: PMC9580189 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that consuming a high-fat meal (HFM) induces microvascular dysfunction (MD) in eutrophic women and aggravates it in those with obesity. Our purpose was to investigate if the MD observed after a single HFM intake is caused by endothelial damage or increased inflammatory state, both determined by blood biomarkers. Methods Nineteen women with obesity (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2) and 18 eutrophic ones (BMI 20.0-24.9 kg/m2) were enrolled into two groups: Obese (OBG) and Control (CG), respectively. Blood samples were collected at five-time points: before (fasting state) and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after HFM intake to determine levels of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and endothelium damage [soluble E-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] biomarkers. Results Levels of soluble E-selectin, leptin, and PAI-1 were higher in OBG at all-time points (P < 0.05) compared to CG. In the fasting state, OBG had higher levels of NEFA compared to CG (P < 0.05). In intra-group analysis, no significant change in the levels of circulating inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers was observed after HFM intake, independently of the group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that women with obesity have an increased pro-inflammatory state and more significant endothelial injury compared to eutrophic ones. However, the consumption of a HFM was not sufficient to change circulating levels of inflammatory and endothelial injury biomarkers in either group. Registration number for clinical trials: NCT01692327.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550- 013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550- 013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Guarnieri Panazzolo
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550- 013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Firmino Nogueira Neto
- Lipids Laboratory (Lablip), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, 20550-003, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550- 013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Obesity Unit, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica Multiusuário (CePeM), Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550- 013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20551-170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Obesity Unit, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica Multiusuário (CePeM), Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olenick AA, Pearson RC, Shaker N, Blankenship MM, Tinius RA, Winchester LJ, Oregon E, Maples JM. African American Females Are Less Metabolically Flexible Compared with Caucasian American Females following a Single High-Fat Meal: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12913. [PMID: 36232212 PMCID: PMC9566281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic flexibility (MF) and components of metabolic disease has not been well-studied among African American (AA) females and may play a role in the higher incidence of chronic disease among them compared with Caucasian American (CA) females. This pilot study aimed to compare the metabolic response of AA and CA females after a high-fat meal. Eleven AA (25.6 (5.6) y, 27.2 (6.0) kg/m2, 27.5 (9.7) % body fat) and twelve CA (26.5 (1.5) y, 25.7 (5.3) kg/m2, 25.0 (7.4) % body fat) women free of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and underwent a high-fat meal challenge (55.9% fat). Lipid oxidation, insulin, glucose, and interleukin (IL)-8 were measured fasted, 2 and 4 h postprandial. AA females had a significantly lower increase in lipid oxidation from baseline to 2 h postprandial (p = 0.022), and trended lower at 4 h postprandial (p = 0.081) compared with CA females, indicating worse MF. No group differences in insulin, glucose or HOMA-IR were detected. IL-8 was significantly higher in AA females compared with CA females at 2 and 4 h postprandial (p = 0.016 and p = 0.015, respectively). These findings provide evidence of metabolic and inflammatory disparities among AA females compared with CA females that could serve as a predictor of chronic disease in individuals with a disproportionately higher risk of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Olenick
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Regis C. Pearson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maire M. Blankenship
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinius
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Lee J. Winchester
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Evie Oregon
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Jill M. Maples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kurti SP, Wisseman WS, Miller ME, Frick HL, Malin SK, Emerson SR, Edwards DA, Edwards ES. Acute Exercise and the Systemic and Airway Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Young and Older Adults. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090853. [PMID: 36144256 PMCID: PMC9505738 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine fasting and high-fat meal (HFM)-induced post-prandial systemic inflammation and airway inflammation (exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)) in older adults (OAs) compared to younger adults (YAs) before and after acute exercise. Twelve YAs (23.3 ± 3.9 y n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OAs (67.7 ± 6 y, n = 8 M/4 F) completed two HFM challenges. After an overnight fast, participants underwent an HFM session or pre-prandial exercise (EX, 65% VO2Peak to expend 75% of the caloric content of the HFM) plus HFM (EX + HFM) in a randomized order. Systemic inflammatory cytokines were collected at 0, 3, and 6 h, while eNO was determined at 0, 2, and 4 h after the HFM (12 kcal/kg body weight: 61% fat, 35% CHO, 4% PRO). TNF-α was higher in OAs compared to YAs (p = 0.005) and decreased across time from baseline to 6 h post-HFM (p = 0.007). In response to the HFM, IL-6 decreased from 0 to 3 h but increased at 6 h regardless of age or exercise (p = 0.018). IL-8 or IL-1β did not change over the HFM by age or exercise (p > 0.05). eNO was also elevated in OAs compared to YAs (p = 0.003) but was not altered by exercise (p = 0.108). There was a trend, however, towards significance post-prandially in OAs and YAs from 0 to 2 h (p = 0.072). TNF-α and eNO are higher in OAs compared to YAs but are not elevated more in OAs post-prandially compared to YAs. Primary systemic inflammatory cytokines and eNO were not modified by acute exercise prior to an HFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Kurti
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - William S. Wisseman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Molly E. Miller
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Hannah L. Frick
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sam R. Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - David A. Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Edwards
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun M, Wang L, Guo Y, Yan S, Li J, Wang X, Li X, Li B. The Association Among Inflammatory Diet, Glycohemoglobin, and Cognitive Function Impairment in the Elderly: Based on the NHANES 2011–2014. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1713-1723. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive function impairment (CFI). Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether the associations among DII, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), and CFI were similar in the participants with or without diabetes. Methods: A total of 1,198 participants aged 60 and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011–2014 were involved in this study, dividing into subgroups as diabetes and non-diabetes for further analysis. Results: We found that participants with pro-inflammatory diet had higher proportion of CFI patients (p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory diet and HbA1c were positively associated with the risk of CFI; participants with pro-inflammatory diet was 1.479 times on occurrence of CFI compared with anti-inflammatory diet group. The interaction between inflammatory diet and HbA1c was positive on the risk of CFI and was negative on the CERAD-immediate and CERAD-delayed, respectively. Among the participants without diabetes, the associations of Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) with Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were partially mediated by HbA1c, and the mediated proportion was 5.8% and 6.6%, respectively. However, there was no such mediation effect in the diabetes patients. Conclusion: In elderly participants without diabetes, there was an interaction between inflammatory diet and HbA1c on the association with CFI, especially for the dimension of CERAD-immediate and CERAD-delayed. Besides, the associations of E-DII with Animal Fluency test and DSST were partially mediated by HbA1c. For diabetic patients, HbA1c, rather than the inflammatory diet has a positive effect on the CFI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yinpei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xuhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Folick A, Cheang RT, Valdearcos M, Koliwad SK. Metabolic factors in the regulation of hypothalamic innate immune responses in obesity. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:393-402. [PMID: 35474339 PMCID: PMC9076660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of body weight and energy homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that innate immune activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key element in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain parenchyma, have been shown to play roles in diverse aspects of brain function, including circuit refinement and synaptic pruning. As such, microglia have also been implicated in the development and progression of neurological diseases. Microglia express receptors for and are responsive to a wide variety of nutritional, hormonal, and immunological signals that modulate their distinct functions across different brain regions. We showed that microglia within the MBH sense and respond to a high-fat diet and regulate the function of hypothalamic neurons to promote food intake and obesity. Neurons, glia, and immune cells within the MBH are positioned to sense and respond to circulating signals that regulate their capacity to coordinate aspects of systemic energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge of how these peripheral signals modulate the innate immune response in the MBH and enable microglia to regulate metabolic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Folick
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cowan S, Gibson S, Sinclair AJ, Truby H, Dordevic AL. Meals That Differ in Nutrient Composition and Inflammatory Potential Do Not Differentially Impact Postprandial Circulating Cytokines in Older Adults above a Healthy Weight. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071470. [PMID: 35406083 PMCID: PMC9003235 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this exploratory study, mixed meals specifically formulated to differ in inflammatory potential were tested to determine whether they could differentially impact circulating levels of inflammatory markers in adults above a healthy weight. Complete data were analyzed from 11 adults (6 males and 5 females) aged 54−63 years with median BMI of 30.0 (27.1−31.6) kg/m². In a crossover study design, each participant consumed an isocaloric (2.2 MJ) meal with either a low (Anti-meal), moderate (Neutr-meal), or high (Pro-meal) inflammatory potential. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and metabolic makers. Postprandial plasma IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) were not different between the three meals (p > 0.05). There was a trend of an increase in IL-6 with time in all three meals, but no changes were obvious for the other measured cytokines. The Pro-meal induced an increased postprandial iAUC for triglycerides compared to the Anti-meal and Neutr-meal (p = 0.004 and p = 0.012, respectively). Single meals, regardless of their theoretical inflammatory potential, did not substantially shift circulating inflammatory markers, suggesting that longer-term dietary patterns are important rather than single dietary exposures in the pathology of metabolic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cowan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (S.C.); (S.G.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Simone Gibson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (S.C.); (S.G.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (S.C.); (S.G.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Aimee L. Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia; (S.C.); (S.G.); (A.J.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Egert S. Influence of a proinflammatory state on postprandial outcomes in elderly subjects with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3077-3083. [PMID: 35352134 PMCID: PMC9363402 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Low-grade inflammation in obesity is associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. In response to high-energy meal intake, blood concentrations of inflammatory markers, glucose and insulin rise. The aim of this study was to examine whether a basal inflammatory state influences postprandial responses. Methods A randomized crossover trial was performed in 60 participants with a cardiometabolic risk phenotype (age 70 ± 5 years; BMI 30.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Each participant consumed three different iso-energetic meals (4300 kJ): a Western diet-like high-fat meal (WDHF), a Western diet-like high-carbohydrate meal (WDHC) and a Mediterranean diet-like meal (MED). Blood samples were collected when fasted and hourly for 5 h postprandially and analyzed for glucose, insulin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endothelial adhesion molecules. Based on fasting serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, participants were assigned to a high inflammation (CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L; n = 30) or low inflammation (CRP < 2.0 mg/L; n = 30) group, and postprandial outcomes were compared. Results Plasma IL-6, glucose and serum insulin increased after all meals, while IL-1β and endothelial adhesion molecules were unchanged. The high inflammation group had higher fasting and postprandial IL-6 concentrations than the low inflammation group, although the IL-6 response slope was similar between groups. In response to the WDHC meal, participants in the high inflammation group experienced a higher glycaemic response than those in the low inflammation group. Conclusion A basal proinflammatory state results in higher absolute fasting and postprandial IL-6 concentrations, but the increase in IL-6 relative to basal levels is not different between high and low inflammation groups. Elevated glycaemic response in the high inflammation group may be due to inflammation-induced short-term insulin resistance. The trial was registered at http://www.germanctr.de and http://www.drks.de under identifier DRKS00009861 (registration date, January 22, 2016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bernd Schönknecht
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Crommen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pincu Y, Tryggestad JB, Teague AM, Short KR. The effect of a high fat meal on heart rate variability and arterial stiffness in adolescents with or without type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108130. [PMID: 35067450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. We tested whether those variables are acutely affected by a high fat meal (HFM). METHODS Responses to a HFM were measured in adolescents with T1D (N = 14) or without T1D (Control, N = 21). Heart rate variability (HRV), arterial stiffness, blood pressure (BP), and energy expenditure (EE) were measured before (baseline) and four times over 180 min postprandially. RESULTS T1D had higher blood glucose and insulin, but the suppression of fatty acids (~40%) and rise in triglycerides (~60%) were similar between groups. T1D had 9% higher EE, but postprandial increase in EE was similar to Controls. T1D had ~7 to 24% lower baseline HRV but a similar postprandial decline of ~8 to 25% as Controls. Both groups had a similar 2 to 5% increase in BP after the meal. Rate pressure product increased postprandially in both groups and was higher in T1D. Pulsewave velocity and augmentation index did not differ between groups or change postprandially. CONCLUSION Adolescents with T1D have evidence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and increased EE, but those variables, along with arterial stiffness, are not acutely made worse by a HFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Pincu
- Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Jeanie B Tryggestad
- Section of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - April M Teague
- Section of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Kevin R Short
- Section of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Organic Beet Leaves and Stalk Juice Attenuates the Glutathione Peroxidase Increase Induced by High-Fat Meal in Dyslipidemic Patients: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The beet, including the leaves and stalk (BLS), is a vegetable with great antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the nutritional composition and the concentration of total phenolics between the organic and conventional BLS and to verify whether the ingestion of an organic BLS juice containing different concentrations of polyphenols modulated some biomarkers of oxidative stress after the ingestion of a high-fat meal in individuals with dyslipidemia. A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with a washout period of 1 week was carried out. A 12-h fasting blood sample was collected. Afterward, the participants consumed a high-fat meal, followed by the ingestion of a placebo or one of the organic BLS juices containing either 32.0 or 77.5 mg/100 mL of polyphenols. Blood samples were obtained 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the first blood collection. The composition analysis showed that organic BLS had a better nutritional composition than conventional ones. The high-fat meal induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia after 120 min (p < 0.001) and increased the concentration of malondialdehyde after 30 min (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in GPx in 30 min (p = 0.026). This increase was attenuated in the group that received the highest dose of polyphenols when compared with the placebo after 30 min (p = 0.045). Therefore, the organic BLS juice containing 77.5 mg of polyphenols was efficient at modulating one of the postprandial mechanisms of enzymatic antioxidant protection in individuals with dyslipidemia.
Collapse
|
23
|
Anuyahong T, Chusak C, Adisakwattana S. Riceberry rice beverage decreases postprandial glycemic response, inflammatory markers and antioxidant status induced by a high-carbohydrate and moderate-fat meal in overweight and obese men. Food Funct 2022; 13:834-845. [PMID: 34988564 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies support the beneficial role of riceberry rice and its food products in controlling the glycemic response in healthy subjects. The aim of the current work was to determine the effects of riceberry rice beverage (RRB) on postprandial glycemic, insulin and triglyceride responses, inflammatory biomarkers, and antioxidant status as well as appetite sensation following a high-carbohydrate and moderate-fat (HCMF) meal in overweight/obese subjects. Thirteen participants, overweight and obese men (age = 24.46 ± 0.90 years and BMI = 25.92 ± 0.69 kg m-2), completed a randomized, crossover intervention study. They consumed an HCMF meal with or without RRB (2 g of riceberry rice extract powder/400 ml). Blood samples and appetite sensation were measured at the fasting state and up to 6 h after meal consumption. The ingestion of the HCMF meal accompanied by RRB had a lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum triglyceride concentrations when compared to the control. A significant increase in the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and thiol level, all measures of antioxidant capacity, was also observed in the participants who consumed the HCMF meal accompanied by RRB. The postprandial level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) significantly increased at 3 h and 6 h after the HCMF meal intake when compared to the fasting state. Interestingly, these values were significantly decreased upon consumption of RRB. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the rating scores of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and satiety among the tested meals. In conclusion, RRB intake prevented HCMF meal-induced postprandial glycemic, lipemic, and pro-inflammatory responses and improved plasma antioxidant capacity in overweight and obese participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanisa Anuyahong
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Charoonsri Chusak
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chelette BM, Loeven AM, Gatlin DN, Landi Conde DR, Huffstetler CM, Qi M, Fadool DA. Consumption of dietary fat causes loss of olfactory sensory neurons and associated circuitry that is not mitigated by voluntary exercise in mice. J Physiol 2021; 600:1473-1495. [PMID: 34807463 PMCID: PMC10102708 DOI: 10.1113/jp282112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess nutrition causes loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and reduces odour discrimination and odour perception in mice. To separate diet-induced obesity from the consumption of dietary fat, we designed pair-feeding experiments whereby mice were maintained on isocaloric diets for 5 months, which prevented increased fat storage. To test our hypothesis that adiposity was not a prerequisite for loss of OSNs and bulbar projections, we used male and female mice with an odorant receptor-linked genetic reporter (M72tauLacZ; Olfr160) to visualize neural circuitry changes resulting from elevated fat in the diet. Simultaneously we monitored glucose clearance (diagnostic for prediabetes), body fat deposition, ingestive behaviours, select inflammatory markers and energy metabolism. Axonal projections to defined olfactory glomeruli were visualized in whole-mount brains, and the number of OSNs was manually counted across whole olfactory epithelia. After being pair fed a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet, mice of both sexes had body weight, adipose deposits, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratios and locomotor activity that were unchanged from control-fed mice. Despite this, they were still found to lose OSNs and associated bulbar projections. Even with unchanged adipocyte storage, pair-fed animals had an elevation in TNF cytokines and an intermediate ability for glucose clearance. Albeit improving health metrics, access to voluntary running while consuming an ad libitum fatty diet still precipitated a loss of OSNs and associated axonal projections for male mice. Our results support that long-term macronutrient imbalance can drive anatomical loss in the olfactory system regardless of total energy expenditure. KEY POINTS: Obesity can disrupt the structure and function of organ systems, including the olfactory system that is important for food selection and satiety. We designed dietary treatments in mice such that mice received fat, but the total calories provided were the same as in control diets so that they would not gain weight or increase adipose tissue. Mice that were not obese but consumed isocaloric fatty diets still lost olfactory neuronal circuits, had fewer numbers of olfactory neurons, had an elevation in inflammatory signals and had an intermediate ability to clear glucose (prediabetes). Mice were allowed access to running wheels while consuming fatty diets, yet still lost olfactory structures. We conclude that a long-term imbalance in nutrition that favours fat in the diet disrupts the olfactory system of mice in the absence of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Chelette
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ashley M Loeven
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Destinee N Gatlin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Landi Conde
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Carley M Huffstetler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Meizhu Qi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Valsesia A, Egli L, Bosco N, Magkos F, Kong SC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Weiting H, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Yeo KK, Actis-Goretta L. Clinical- and omics-based models of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Chinese adults: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1752-1762. [PMID: 34476468 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical risk factors, such as fasting cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and diabetes status are used today to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, accurate prediction remains limited, particularly in low-risk groups such as women and younger individuals. Growing evidence suggests that biomarker concentrations following consumption of a meal challenge are better and earlier predictors of disease development than biomarker concentrations. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that postprandial responses of circulating biomarkers differ between healthy subjects with and without subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in an Asian population at low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS One hundred healthy Chinese subjects (46 women, 54 men) completed the study. Subjects consumed a mixed-meal test and 164 blood biomarkers were analyzed over 6 h by using a combination of chemical and NMR techniques. Models were trained using different methodologies (including logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, sparse partial least square) on a random 75% subset of the data, and their performance was evaluated on the remaining 25%. RESULTS We found that models based on baseline clinical parameters or fasting biomarkers could not reliably predict SA. By contrast, an omics model based on magnitude and timing of postprandial biomarkers achieved high performance [receiving operating characteristic (ROC) AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 77, 100). Investigation of key features of this model enabled derivation of a considerably simpler model, solely based on postprandial BP and age, with excellent performance (AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 78, 100). CONCLUSION We report a novel model to detect SA based on postprandial BP and age in a population of Asian subjects at low risk of CAD. The use of this model in large-scale CVD prevention programs should be explored. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03531879.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Ramirez A, Egert S. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113924. [PMID: 34836179 PMCID: PMC8624753 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism impacts blood lipids and biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation, contributing to an isoform-dependent disease risk. We investigated the effect of the APOE genotype on postprandial metabolism after consumption of three different isoenergetic (4200 kJ) meals in older adults with a CVD risk phenotype. In a randomized crossover study, participants with metabolic syndrome traits (APOE E3, n = 39; E4, n = 10; mean age, 70 ± 5 years; BMI 31.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) consumed a Western-like diet high-fat (WDHF), Western-like diet high-carbohydrate (WDHC), or Mediterranean-like diet (MED) meal. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples collected at fasting and 1–5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The magnitude of the IL-6 increase after the WDHF meal was significantly higher in E4 than in E3 carriers (iAUC: E4 = 7.76 vs. E3 = 2.81 pg/mL × h). The time to detect the IL-6 increase was shorter in the E4 group. All meals produced postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia, without differences between the E3 and the E4 groups. IL-1β and oxidized LDL levels did not change postprandially. In conclusion, APOE E4 carriers display increased postprandial inflammation, indicated by higher postprandial IL-6 increase, when compared to non-carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bernd Schönknecht
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Silke Crommen
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-228-73-5953
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tüccar TB, Akbulut G. Mediterranean meal favorably effects postprandial oxidative stress response compared with a western meal in healthy women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34636645 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The postprandial state is characterized by low-grade oxidative and inflammatory responses, but the impact of different dietary patterns on these responses is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial oxidative and inflammatory responses to Mediterranean diet (MED) and Western diet (WD) meals. In a randomised crossover design, eleven healthy women, aged between 19-45 years with a body mass index of 20.0-24.9 kg/m2, consumed two different isocaloric meals: MED and WD. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 2, 3, 4 h postprandially and analyzed for oxidative [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol, native thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA)] and inflammatory [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] markers. MED meal intake resulted in increases in TAS (0.05±0.02 mmol/L; p=0.017), total thiol (23.00±7.69 μmol/L; p=0.013) and native thiol (12.82±4.94 μmol/L; p=0.027), while a decrease in MDA (-0.17±0.06 nmol/L; p=0.022) at 2 h. On the other hand, TAS reduced significantly overall (p=0.005) after WD meal intake. There was a significant increase after WD meal intake for IL-6 (1.39±0.49 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-17 (4.30±1.50 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-23 (8.38±3.51 pg/mL; p=0.038) at 4 h. However, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were not changed significantly by meal intake. The results indicate that MED meal induces favorable effects on oxidative stress, while WD meal partially increases inflammation in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Bulmuş Tüccar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract Attenuates Postprandial Lipemia and Increases Plasma Antioxidant Status Responses to a High-Fat Meal Challenge in Overweight and Obese Participants. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100975. [PMID: 34681074 PMCID: PMC8533577 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation of high-fat meals with edible plants is the principal strategy to control postprandial dysmetabolism and inflammation. This study demonstrated that consumption of Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CTE) decreased postprandial serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acids, and improved plasma antioxidant status and glutathione peroxidase activity responses to a high-fat meal challenge in overweight and obese participants. However, CTE could not reduce the effect of HF meal-induced increase in postprandial glycemia and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The findings of the present study suggest that CTE may be used as an effective ingredient to suppress postprandial lipemia and improve the antioxidant status in overweight and obese individuals that frequently consume HF diets. Abstract High-fat (HF) meal-induced postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation is exacerbated in overweight and obese individuals. This postprandial dysmetabolism contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CTE) possesses antioxidant potential and carbohydrate and fat digestive enzyme inhibitory activity in vitro. However, no evidence supporting a favorable role of CTE in the modulation of postprandial lipemia, antioxidant status and inflammation in humans presently exists. In the present study, we determine the effect of CTE on changes in postprandial glycemic and lipemic response, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory markers in overweight and obese men after consumption of an HF meal. Following a randomized design, sixteen participants (age, 23.5 ± 0.6 years, and BMI, 25.7 ± 0.7 kg/m2) were assigned to three groups that consumed the HF meal, or HF meal supplemented by 1 g and 2 g of CTE. Blood samples were collected at fasting state and then at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min after the meal consumption. No significant differences were observed in the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for postprandial glucose among the three groups. Furthermore, 2 g of CTE decreased the iAUC for serum triglyceride and attenuated postprandial serum free fatty acids at 360 min after consuming the HF meal. In addition, 2 g of CTE significantly improved the iAUC for plasma antioxidant status, as characterized by increased postprandial plasma FRAP and thiol levels. Postprandial plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher at 180 min after the consumption of HF meal with 2 g of CTE. No significant differences in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were observed at 360 min among the three groups. These findings suggest that CTE can be used as a natural ingredient for reducing postprandial lipemia and improving the antioxidant status in overweight and obese men after consuming HF meals.
Collapse
|
30
|
Keirns BH, Sciarrillo CM, Koemel NA, Emerson SR. Fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides for screening cardiometabolic risk. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e75. [PMID: 34589207 PMCID: PMC8453457 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting triacylglycerols have long been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other cardiometabolic conditions. Evidence suggests that non-fasting triglycerides (i.e. measured within 8 h of eating) better predict CVD than fasting triglycerides, which has led several organisations to recommend non-fasting lipid panels as the new clinical standard. However, unstandardised assessment protocols associated with non-fasting triglyceride measurement may lead to misclassification, with at-risk individuals being overlooked. A third type of triglyceride assessment, postprandial testing, is more controlled, yet historically has been difficult to implement due to the time and effort required to execute it. Here, we review differences in assessment, the underlying physiology and the pathophysiological relevance of elevated fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides. We also present data suggesting that there may be a distinct advantage of postprandial triglycerides, even over non-fasting triglycerides, for early detection of CVD risk and offer suggestions to make postprandial protocols more clinically feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H. Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74075, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Koemel
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Sam R. Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74075, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Neumann HF, Egert S. Impact of Meal Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Lipemia in Metabolically Healthy Adults and Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:193-207. [PMID: 34427586 PMCID: PMC8803497 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming fat results in postprandial lipemia, which is defined as an increase in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration. According to current knowledge, an excessively elevated postprandial TG concentration increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well known that meal-dependent (e.g., nutrient composition) as well as meal-independent factors (e.g., age) determine the magnitude of the lipemic response. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the influence of fatty acid (FA) composition on postprandial TG concentration. The FA composition of a meal depends on the fat source used; for example, butter and coconut oil are rich in SFAs, while olive oil and canola oil have a high content of unsaturated FAs. To investigate the influence of meals prepared with fat sources rich in either SFAs or unsaturated FAs on postprandial lipemia, we carried out a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized crossover studies were analyzed and the AUC of postprandial TG concentration served as the primary outcome measure. To examine the influence of health status, we differentiated between metabolically healthy individuals and those with CVD risk factors. In total, 23 studies were included. The results show that, in metabolically healthy adults, the FA composition of a meal is not a relevant determinant of postprandial lipemia. However, in individuals with CVD risk factors, SFA-rich meals (>32 g SFA/meal) often elicited a stronger lipemic response than meals rich in unsaturated FAs. The results suggest that adults with hypertriglyceridemia, an elevated BMI (≥30 kg/m2), and/or who are older (>40 y) may benefit from replacing SFA sources with unsaturated FAs. These hypotheses need to be verified by further studies in people with CVD risk factors using standardized postprandial protocols. This review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021214508 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Szabo Z, Koczka V, Marosvolgyi T, Szabo E, Frank E, Polyak E, Fekete K, Erdelyi A, Verzar Z, Figler M. Possible Biochemical Processes Underlying the Positive Health Effects of Plant-Based Diets-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082593. [PMID: 34444753 PMCID: PMC8398942 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are becoming more popular for many reasons, and epidemiological as well as clinical data also suggest that a well-balanced vegan diet can be adopted for the prevention, and in some cases, in the treatment of many diseases. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the relationships between these diets and various conditions and their potential biochemical background. As whole plant foods are very rich in food-derived antioxidants and other phytochemicals, they have many positive physiological effects on different aspects of health. In the background of the beneficial health effects, several biochemical processes could stand, including the reduced formation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and altered signaling pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the composition of plant-based diets may play a role in preventing lipotoxicity, avoiding N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and reducing foodborne endotoxin intake. In this article, we attempt to draw attention to the growing knowledge about these diets and provide starting points for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-513-670; Fax: +36-72-513-671
| | - Viktor Koczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Marosvolgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eva Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eszter Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Eva Polyak
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Kata Fekete
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Erdelyi
- Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zsofia Verzar
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Figler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shokraei S, Khandouzi N, Sina Z, Nasrollahzadeh J. The acute effect of incorporating lettuce or watercress into a moderately high-fat meal on postprandial lipid, glycemic response, and plasma inflammatory cytokines in healthy young men: a randomized crossover trial. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:66. [PMID: 34261489 PMCID: PMC8281573 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial responses to food mostly depend on the composition of the meal and the consumption of vegetables may modulate this postprandial state. In this study, the effects of lettuce or watercress consumption with a moderately high-fat meal (40% kcal from fat) on postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and inflammatory cytokines were determined in healthy men. METHODS This randomized, 3-arm, crossover study was conducted in sixteen healthy young men with a mean ± SEM age and body mass index (in kg/m2) of 22.8 ± 0.5 years old and 23.7 ± 1.16, respectively. Lettuce and watercress were added to the test meal in portions of 100 g and cellulose was added to the control meal. Thereafter, blood samples were collected by passing 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h for analysis. The postprandial response was measured in plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density-lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density-lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), as the area under the postprandial curve (AUC). Moreover, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined once before and once 4 h after the meal's consumption. RESULTS The 0-4-h AUCs for glucose (385.7, 361.9, and 382.3 mg/dL for the control, lettuce, and watercress meals, respectively) were calculated to be lower when meal was consumed with lettuce compared to the control (P < 0.05) and watercress (P < 0.01) meals. The maximum values of insulin were obtained as 43.8 ± 18.8, 33.5 ± 19.5, and 42.8 ± 17.7 μIU/mL for the control, lettuce, and watercress meals, respectively. As well, the lettuce-containing meal more reduced the AUC for insulin compared with the control (P < 0.05), but not watercress. Notably, plasma TG, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C had no significant differences among the meals. Moreover, the levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α did not differ among the meals. CONCLUSION In this study on healthy men, the addition of lettuce to a moderately high-fat meal delayed the postprandial glycemic response. However, the effect of the consumption of these vegetables on postprandial responses in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors remains to be elucidated yet. This clinical trial was registered at the Iran Clinical Trials Registration Office (IRCT) on March 3, 2018, with an ID of IRCT20160702028742N4 ( https://www.irct.ir/user/trial/23233/view ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shokraei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sina
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazidi M, Valdes AM, Ordovas JM, Hall WL, Pujol JC, Wolf J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Segata N, Sattar N, Koivula R, Spector TD, Franks PW, Berry SE. Meal-induced inflammation: postprandial insights from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) study in 1000 participants. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1028-1038. [PMID: 34100082 PMCID: PMC8408875 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal-induced metabolic changes trigger an acute inflammatory response, contributing to chronic inflammation and associated diseases. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize variability in postprandial inflammatory responses using traditional (IL-6) and novel [glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)] biomarkers of inflammation and dissect their biological determinants with a focus on postprandial glycemia and lipemia. METHODS Postprandial (0-6 h) glucose, triglyceride (TG), IL-6, and GlycA responses were measured at multiple intervals after sequential mixed-nutrient meals (0 h and 4 h) in 1002 healthy adults aged 18-65 y from the PREDICT (Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial) 1 study, a single-arm dietary intervention study. Measures of habitual diet, blood biochemistry, gut microbiome composition, and visceral fat mass (VFM) were also collected. RESULTS The postprandial changes in GlycA and IL-6 concentrations were highly variable between individuals. Participants eliciting an increase in GlycA and IL-6 (60% and 94% of the total participants, respectively) had mean 6-h increases of 11% and 190%, respectively. Peak postprandial TG and glucose concentrations were significantly associated with 6-h GlycA (r = 0.83 and r = 0.24, respectively; both P < 0.001) but not with 6-h IL-6 (both P > 0.26). A random forest model revealed the maximum TG concentration was the strongest postprandial TG predictor of postprandial GlycA and structural equation modeling revealed that VFM and fasting TG were most strongly associated with fasting and postprandial GlycA. Network Mendelian randomization demonstrated a causal link between VFM and fasting GlycA, mediated (28%) by fasting TG. Individuals eliciting enhanced GlycA responses had higher predicted cardiovascular disease risk (using the atherosclerotic disease risk score) than the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS The variable postprandial increases in GlycA and their associations with TG metabolism highlight the importance of modulating TG in concert with obesity to reduce GlycA and associated low-grade inflammation-related diseases.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03479866.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Koivula
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pearson RC, Olenick AA, Shaker N, Blankenship MM, Tinius RA, Winchester LJ, Oregon E, Maples JM. High-fat meal increases peripheral blood mononuclear cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in African-American women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:661-668. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
African-American (AA) women have elevated predominance of inflammatory diseases concurrent with local inflammation resulting in compromised metabolic function. The purpose of the study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the gene and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from AA and Caucasian-American (CA) women in response to an acute high-fat meal; and 2) to explore the influence of race (AA vs. CA) on PBMC reactivity. Ten AA and 11 CA women consumed a high-fat meal with baseline and 4 h postprandial venous blood draws. PBMCs were incubated for 3 h then messenger RNA expression and supernatant protein concentration was used to examine inflammatory profiles. All women had a postprandial increase in interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression, IL-8 protein concentration, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein concentration (P < 0.05). AA women had a postprandial increase in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α protein concentration (P < 0.05). AA women had higher postprandial IL-1β protein concentration and IL-8 gene expression compared with CA women (P < 0.05). Our data uncovers the specific impact of race and time on pro-inflammatory PBMC (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) expression profiles in response to an acute high-fat meal challenge. Novelty: African Americans have higher predominance of inflammatory disease. We explored the potential race impact on peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactivity in response to a meal. A pro-inflammatory response to an acute high-fat meal with race impact was observed possibly contributing to health disparities impacting African-American women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regis C. Pearson
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Olenick
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Maire M. Blankenship
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinius
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Lee J. Winchester
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Evie Oregon
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Jill M. Maples
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Markey O, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem KE, Fagan CC, Grandison AS, Sutton R, Humphries DJ, Todd S, Jackson KG, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Postprandial Fatty Acid Profile, but Not Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Is Modulated by Dairy Fat Manipulation in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Randomized Controlled REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:1755-1768. [PMID: 33758921 PMCID: PMC8327197 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of dairy products with an SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched content was shown to impact favorably on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). However, their acute effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk biomarkers requires investigation. OBJECTIVE The effects of sequential high-fat mixed meals rich in fatty acid (FA)-modified or conventional (control) dairy products on postprandial FMD (primary outcome) and systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderate cardiovascular risk (≥50% above the population mean) were compared. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 52 participants [mean ± SEM age: 53 ± 2 y; BMI (kg/m2) 25.9 ± 0.5] consumed a high-dairy-fat breakfast (0 min; ∼50 g total fat: modified: 25 g SFAs, 20 g MUFAs; control: 32 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs) and lunch (330 min; ∼30 g total fat; modified: 15 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs; control: 19 g SFAs, 7 g MUFAs). Blood samples were obtained before and until 480 min after breakfast, with FMD assessed at 0, 180, 300, and 420 min. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Postprandial changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were comparable between the different dairy meals, with the exception of a tendency for a 4% higher AUC for the %FMD response following the modified-dairy-fat meals (P = 0.075). Plasma total lipid FA analysis revealed that incremental AUC responses were 53% lower for total SFAs, 214% and 258% higher for total cis-MUFAs (predominantly cis-9 18:1), and trans-18:1, respectively, following the modified relative to the control dairy meals (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In adults at moderate cardiovascular risk, acute consumption of sequential high-fat meals containing FA-modified dairy products had little impact on postprandial endothelial function or systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers, but a differential effect on the plasma total lipid FA profile, relative to conventional dairy fat meals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02089035.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Markey
- Present address for OM: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Dafni Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E Kliem
- Animal, Dairy, and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Colette C Fagan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S Grandison
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutton
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David J Humphries
- Animal, Dairy, and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Henderson CG, Turner DL, Swoap SJ. Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:641532. [PMID: 33732170 PMCID: PMC7959851 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.641532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternate day fasting (ADF) induces weight loss and improves various markers of health in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of ADF are derived from the lower caloric intake of ADF or from the 24-h fasting period. Therefore, this study directly compared selected markers for health – such as glucose control, body weight, liver triglycerides, T cell frequencies, and others – in high-fat (60% calories from fat) diet-induced obese mice subjected to either ADF or caloric restriction (CR). Obese mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) ADF: remained on the high-fat diet, but fed on alternate days (n = 5), (2) PF: remained on the high-fat diet, but pair-fed to the ADF group (n = 5), (3) LF: moved to a chow ad libitum diet (n = 5; 17% calories from fat), and (4) HF: remained on the high-fat ad libitum diet (n = 5). An additional group of non-obese mice maintained on a chow diet since weaning were used as controls (CON: n = 5). After 10 weeks, ADF, PF, and LF mice ate fewer kcals, had a lower body mass, had smaller epididymal fat pads, improved glucose tolerance, and had a lower hepatic triglyceride content relative to HF mice (p < 0.05), but none reached that of CON mice in these measures. T cell frequencies of the spleen, blood, and mesenteric lymph nodes were reduced in ADF, PF, and HF compared to the CON group. Importantly, there were no significant differences between the ADF and PF groups in any of the measurements made in the current study. These data suggest that ADF, PF, and LF diets each lead to improved markers of health relative to high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and that the caloric restriction associated with ADF is the major factor for the noted improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe G Henderson
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States
| | - Damian L Turner
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Engel ML, Coe CL, Reid BM, Donzella B, Gunnar MR. Selective inflammatory propensities in adopted adolescents institutionalized as infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105065. [PMID: 33278786 PMCID: PMC7880887 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether early life adversity (ELA) limited to infancy was associated with an increase in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular cytokine responses to three stimulants [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and phorbol myristate acetate plus ionomycin (PMA/IO)]. Participants were previously institutionalized (PI) youth (N = 45, 56 % female) who had spent their first years in institutional care (e.g., orphanages, baby homes) before being adopted into well-resourced homes (median age at adoption = 13 mos) and non-adopted comparisons (NA; N = 38, 55 % female). Their age range was 13.3-21.2 years (M = 16.3 years). This analysis followed up an earlier report on these youth (Reid et al., 2019a) that identified an increase in terminally differentiated CD8 + CD57 T cells among the PI relative to the NA youth. Cytokine levels in circulation were not highly correlated and thus examined separately. PI youth had higher circulating levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα), but not Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Cytokine responses to in vitro activation within each stimulant condition were highly correlated and were thus combined to generate an index of the inflammatory reaction to each stimulant. Using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance, there was a highly significant multivariate effect of group, which was carried primarily by the PMA/IO condition, with PI youth exhibiting a larger inflammatory response than NA youth. Tests of mediation showed that both the early rearing effects on circulating TNFα and the composite inflammatory index of PMA/IO responsiveness were mediated in the statistical model by the percentage of CD8 + CD57+ TEMRA cells in circulation, a marker of replicative senescence in T cells. Sex differences were also found in circulating levels of IL-6 and TNFα, with males having higher levels than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Engel
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Brie M Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Bonny Donzella
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tan QQ, Du XY, Gao CL, Xu Y. Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Increase the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:693144. [PMID: 34456864 PMCID: PMC8385131 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.693144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear; therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature was conducted. Relevant studies published online (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) until February 1, 2021 were identified for review. The initial search yielded 13 reports, and after perusing their titles, abstracts, and full texts, 5 studies were deemed appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Individuals with higher DII scores (representing a more proinflammatory diet) had a higher risk of DM (pooled odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.72, I2 58.6%, p < 0.05). Although the current meta-analysis indicated a trend toward a positive association between DII and DM, further evidence-especially from larger prospective studies in different countries-is needed to clarify this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen-Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xu, ; Chen-Lin Gao,
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xu, ; Chen-Lin Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Teixeira BC, Krüger RL, Farinha JB, Boeno FP, Macedo RCO, Fonseca GA, Bandinelli E, Duarte MMMF, Reischak-Oliveira A. Aerobic exercise improves postprandial inflammatory and hemostatic markers after a high-fat meal: a randomized crossover study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:637-643. [PMID: 33320779 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intensity modulates postprandial lipemia. However, its effect on hemostatic and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the postprandial state is still unknown. Eleven young males performed a 2-day trial on different conditions: (i) REST: rest for 45 min; (ii) MIE: moderate-intensity exercise; and (iii) HIE: heavy-intensity exercise. Experimental conditions were performed in the evening. On the following morning, blood samples were taken in the fasted state (0 h) and at 1, 3, and 5 h after the consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were higher in the HIE vs. MIE trial at 0 and 1 h (p < 0.033) and IL-10 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was greater in the MIE (p = 0.027) and HIE (p = 0.045) trials vs. REST. Lower levels of anti-coagulation factor VII (FVII) were observed at 1 h in the MIE condition vs. REST (p = 0.043). In comparison with REST, MIE improved hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 iAUC) whereas HIE enhanced IL-10 in the postprandial state. Regardless of the exercise intensity, aerobic exercise mitigates the deleterious consequences of an HFM. Novelty: Prior aerobic exercise at moderate-intensity attenuates next day's postprandial FVII and IL-10 levels whereas exercise performed at heavy-intensity increases IL-10 levels. Moderate-intensity exercise may be more beneficial to improve hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) responses while heavy-intensity exercise may improve anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Costa Teixeira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI), São Luiz Gonzaga, RS 97800-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Lopes Krüger
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Franccesco Pinto Boeno
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI), São Luiz Gonzaga, RS 97800-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil.,University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Alves Fonseca
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Eliane Bandinelli
- Institute of Bioscience - Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90690-200, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Graja A, Ghattassi K, Boudhina N, Bouzid MA, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Driss T, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive, physical and biochemical responses to strenuous short-term exercises in elite young female handball players. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113241. [PMID: 33157076 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RF) on cognitive and physical performance and biochemical responses to specific exercises in elite young female handball players. Twelve athletes participated in three experimental sessions: one week before Ramadan (BR), during the first week of Ramadan (FWR) and during the last week of Ramadan (LWR). The present crossover study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2013 Ramadan month lasting from 9 July to 7 august. During each session, a battery of tests was performed as follow: Hooper index, vigilance test (VT), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), five jump test (5-JT), modified agility T-test (MAT), maximal standing ball-throw velocity test (MSBVT) and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint (RAST) Test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded immediately after the RAST. Blood samples were collected before and after exercises during each session. The results showed that ESS scores were higher during LWR than BR (p < 0.05). Moreover, MSBVT time decreased (p < 0.05) during LWR, therefore performance enhanced. The power of three final sprints from the RAST decreased significantly only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.05). RAST fatigue index and RPE scores were higher during LWR more than BR (p < 0.05). The results showed also that hematological measures (i.e., red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit), plasma osmolarity and energetic markers were unaffected by RF. Biomarkers of muscle damage were higher after the RAST only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, RF increased ESS and decreased RAST performances associated with higher muscle damage and fatigue, especially at LWR. These previous alterations could be attributed to disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms rather than nutritional deficiency or dehydratation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Graja
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nahla Boudhina
- High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Henda Chahed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wanders L, Cuijpers I, Kessels RPC, van de Rest O, Hopman MTE, Thijssen DHJ. Impact of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese adults: The role of meal composition. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2259-2269. [PMID: 33873267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Physical activity (PA) breaks may effectively attenuate the detrimental impact of prolonged sitting on acute cognitive performance, perceivable benefits (e.g. mood), vascular function, and metabolic health. To date, the impact of meal composition on the effects of sedentary behavior and/or PA breaks on health has been scarcely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether meal composition alters how sedentary behavior and PA breaks affect these acute health outcomes. METHODS A total of 24 overweight and obese, sedentary adults completed four conditions in randomized order in a cross-over design: [a] high-protein, low-fat breakfast (HPLF) + 4hrs uninterrupted sitting (SIT), [b] HPLF + 4hrs interrupted sitting (ACT; 5-min cycling every 30 min), [c] Western breakfast (WEST; higher in fats/simple sugars, lower in protein/fiber) + SIT, [d] WEST + ACT. WEST and HPLF were isocaloric. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in cognitive performance (Test of Attentional Performance), perceivable benefits (Likert-scales, Profile of Mood States questionnaire), vascular health (carotid artery reactivity, blood pressure), and metabolic health (post-breakfast glucose, insulin, lipids). RESULTS Independent of meal composition, we did not observe any effect of PA breaks on cognitive performance, vascular health and post-breakfast lipid responses. PA breaks delayed post-breakfast mood and vigor decrements, as well as increases in fatigue and sleepiness (all p < 0.05), but effects were independent of meal composition (p > 0.05). WEST resulted in higher post-breakfast glucose levels compared to HPLF (p < 0.05), while PA breaks did not impact this response (p > 0.05). PA breaks reduced post-breakfast insulin (p < 0.05), which did not differ between meals (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The acute impact of PA breaks and/or prolonged sitting on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and vascular and metabolic health was not altered by the composition of a single meal in overweight/obese, sedentary adults. Possibly, breaking up prolonged sitting, rather than meal composition, is a more potent strategy to impact acute health outcomes, such as perceivable benefits and insulin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wanders
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Medical Psychology (925), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health (Bode 62), P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
do Rosario VA, Chang C, Spencer J, Alahakone T, Roodenrys S, Francois M, Weston-Green K, Hölzel N, Nichols DS, Kent K, Williams D, Wright IMR, Charlton K. Anthocyanins attenuate vascular and inflammatory responses to a high fat high energy meal challenge in overweight older adults: A cross-over, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:879-889. [PMID: 33071012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Postprandial metabolic imbalances are important indicators of later developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effects of food anthocyanins on vascular and microvascular function, and CVD associated biomarkers following a high fat high energy (HFHE) meal challenge in overweight older adults. METHODS Sixteen subjects (13 female, 3 male, mean age 65.9 SD 6.0 and body mass index 30.6 kg/m2 SD 3.9) participated in a crossover, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial (registered under Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier no. ACTRN12620000437965). Participants consumed a HFHE meal with a 250 mL dose of either intervention (anthocyanins-rich Queen Garnet Plum) or control (apricot) juice. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were collected at baseline, 2 h and 4 h following the HFHE meal. Vascular and microvascular function were evaluated at baseline and 2 h after the HFHE meal. RESULTS Participants had a higher 2 h postprandial flow-mediated dilatation (+1.14%) and a higher microvascular post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (+0.10 perfusion units per mmHg) when allocated to the anthocyanin compared to the control arm (P = 0.019 and P = 0.049, respectively). C-reactive protein was lower 4 h postprandially in the anthocyanins (1.80 mg/L, IQR 0.90) vs control arm (2.30 mg/L, IQR 1.95) (P = 0.026), accompanied by a trend for lower concentrations of interleukin-6 (P = 0.075). No significant postprandial differences were observed between treatments for blood pressure, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, serum derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, or maximum microvascular perfusion following iontophoresis of acetylcholine. CONCLUSION Fruit-based anthocyanins attenuated the potential postprandial detrimental effects of a HFHE challenge on parameters of vascular and microvascular function, and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight older adults. Anthocyanins may reduce cardiovascular risk associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses to a typical high fat 'Western' meal. Further studies are required to better elucidate the clinical implications of postprandial biomarkers of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A do Rosario
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Courtney Chang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Jaclyn Spencer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Thilani Alahakone
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Steven Roodenrys
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Monique Francois
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Nadine Hölzel
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia.
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Sciences Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kent
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
| | - David Williams
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Ian M R Wright
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
| | - Karen Charlton
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cansell C, Stobbe K, Sanchez C, Le Thuc O, Mosser CA, Ben-Fradj S, Leredde J, Lebeaupin C, Debayle D, Fleuriot L, Brau F, Devaux N, Benani A, Audinat E, Blondeau N, Nahon JL, Rovère C. Dietary fat exacerbates postprandial hypothalamic inflammation involving glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and microglia in male mice. Glia 2020; 69:42-60. [PMID: 32659044 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans, obesity is associated with brain inflammation, glial reactivity, and immune cells infiltration. Studies in rodents have shown that glial reactivity occurs within 24 hr of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, long before obesity development, and takes place mainly in the hypothalamus (HT), a crucial brain structure for controlling body weight. Here, we sought to characterize the postprandial HT inflammatory response to 1, 3, and 6 hr of exposure to either a standard diet (SD) or HFD. HFD exposure increased gene expression of astrocyte and microglial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and Iba1, respectively) compared to SD-treated mice and induced morphological modifications of microglial cells in HT. This remodeling was associated with higher expression of inflammatory genes and differential regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in energy balance regulation. DREADD and PLX5622 technologies, used to modulate GFAP-positive or microglial cells activity, respectively, showed that both glial cell types are involved in hypothalamic postprandial inflammation, with their own specific kinetics and reactiveness to ingested foods. Thus, recurrent exacerbated postprandial inflammation in the brain might promote obesity and needs to be characterized to address this worldwide crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cansell
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Katharina Stobbe
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Selma Ben-Fradj
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joris Leredde
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Delphine Debayle
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Nadège Devaux
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Postprandial Effect of Anthocyanins on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: a Systematic Literature Review of High-Fat Meal Challenge Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:381-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
46
|
Oh ES, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM, Rogers CJ. Spices in a High-Saturated-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal Reduce Postprandial Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Men with Overweight or Obesity: A 3-Period, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2020; 150:1600-1609. [PMID: 32211803 PMCID: PMC7269750 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial inflammation that occurs concurrently with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia after ingestion of a high-saturated-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFCM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects of individual spices. However, the effect of consumption of a spice blend on inflammatory mediators has not been examined in a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the postprandial effect of a blend of spices in a HFCM on inflammatory cytokine responses. METHODS Nonsmoking men (40-65 y old) with overweight/obesity (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2), elevated waist circumference (≥ 94 cm), and ≥ 1 CVD risk factor were recruited for a 3-period crossover study ( n = 12). In random order, participants consumed the following: a HFCM (∼1000 kcal, 33% kcal from saturated fat and 36% kcal from carbohydrate), a HFCM containing 2 g spice blend, or an HFCM containing 6 g spice blend. The spice blend consisted of basil, bay leaf, black pepper, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, ginger, oregano, parsley, red pepper, rosemary, thyme, and turmeric. Blood was collected before, and hourly for 4 h after the HFCM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and the percentage of CD14 +/Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype + (HLA-DR +) monocytes and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in plasma and LPS-stimulated PBMCs were quantified as secondary outcomes. RESULTS There was a significant spice-by-time interaction on IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P = 0.020), and TNF-α (P = 0.009) secretion from LPS-stimulated PBMCs. IL-1β secretion from LPS-stimulated PBMCs was significantly reduced (1314%) at 240 min after HFCM consumption containing 6 g, but not 2 g, of spice blend compared with 0 g spice blend. CONCLUSIONS A HFCM containing 6 g spice blend attenuated HFCM-induced postprandial IL-1β secretion in men with overweight/obesity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064958.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester S Oh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Minich DM, Hanaway PJ. The Functional Medicine Approach to COVID-19: Nutrition and Lifestyle Practices for Strengthening Host Defense. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:54-62. [PMID: 33041708 PMCID: PMC7482148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The developing symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the progression of illness and fatality, are a clearly a function of the overall health status of the individual. Complex, chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are directly correlated with risk of disease severity and mortality. We explore lifestyle interventions that have specifically been demonstrated to strengthen host defense, reduce the probability and mitigate the severity of viral infection. Lifestyle interventions, from a Functional Medicine perspective, include nutrition, sleep, exercise, stress reduction, and connection. These factors, when in balance, provide a foundation for optimal health and immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Minich
- Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine Graduate Program, University of Western States, Portland, OR
| | - P J Hanaway
- The Institute for Functional Medicine COVID-19 Task Force, Federal Way, WA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McCoin CS, Gillingham MB, Knotts TA, Vockley J, Ono-Moore KD, Blackburn ML, Norman JE, Adams SH. Blood cytokine patterns suggest a modest inflammation phenotype in subjects with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14037. [PMID: 30912279 PMCID: PMC6434073 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cellular accumulation or exposure to lipids such as long‐chain acylcarnitines (LCACs), ceramides, and others is implicated in cell stress and inflammation. Such a situation might manifest when there is a significant mismatch between long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) availability versus storage and oxidative utilization; for example, in cardiac ischemia, increased LCACs may contribute to tissue cell stress and infarct damage. Perturbed LCFAβ‐oxidation is also seen in fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs). FAODs typically manifest with fasting‐ or stress‐induced symptoms, and patients can manage many symptoms through control of diet and physical activity. However, episodic clinical events involving cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies are common and can present without an obvious molecular trigger. We have speculated that systemic or tissue‐specific lipotoxicity and activation of inflammation pathways contribute to long‐chain FAOD pathophysiology. With this in mind, we characterized inflammatory phenotype (14 blood plasma cytokines) in resting, overnight‐fasted (~10 h), or exercise‐challenged subjects with clinically well‐controlled long‐chain FAODs (n = 12; 10 long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase [LCHAD]; 2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 [CPT2]) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). Across experimental conditions, concentrations of three cytokines were modestly but significantly increased in FAOD (IFNγ, IL‐8, and MDC), and plasma levels of IL‐10 (considered an inflammation‐dampening cytokine) were significantly decreased. These novel results indicate that while asymptomatic FAOD patients do not display gross body‐wide inflammation even after moderate exercise, β‐oxidation deficiencies might be associated with chronic and subtle activation of “sterile inflammation.” Further studies are warranted to determine if inflammation is more apparent in poorly controlled long‐chain FAOD or when long‐chain FAOD‐associated symptoms are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Melanie B Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Trina A Knotts
- School of Medicine Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer E Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Holst JJ, Simon MC, Stehle P, Egert S. Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901035. [PMID: 32223057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet-like high-fat (WDHF), Western diet-like high-carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status. RESULTS Compared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin-1β is not affected by meal intake. CONCLUSIONS Energy-rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik B Schönknecht
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Silke Crommen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 50599, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hirahatake KM, Bruno RS, Bolling BW, Blesso C, Alexander LM, Adams SH. Dairy Foods and Dairy Fats: New Perspectives on Pathways Implicated in Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:266-279. [PMID: 31555799 PMCID: PMC7442361 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have been promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern by both US dietary guidelines and professional organizations for several decades. The basis for this recommendation stems in part from the putative negative cardiometabolic effects associated with saturated fat consumption. However, as nutrition research has shifted from a single nutrient to a whole-food/dietary pattern approach, the role of dairy foods and dairy fat in the diet-disease relationship is being reexamined. Most observational and experimental evidence does not support a detrimental relationship between full-fat dairy intake and cardiometabolic health, including risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, an expanded understanding of the dairy food matrix and the bioactive properties of dairy fats and other constituents suggests a neutral or potentially beneficial role in cardiometabolic health. To consider how consuming dairy foods, including full-fat dairy, is associated with cardiometabolic health, this review provides an innovative perspective on mechanisms that link dairy consumption to 3 main biological systems at the core of metabolic health, the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and vascular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to SHA (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|